🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 187 (from laksa074)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa187.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/cough\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/cough\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/cough","crawl_time":1775027581,"first_indexed_time":1480664707,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"au,gov,healthdirect!www,\/cough s443","src_root_hash":"11476440364350543187","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Cough - types, treatments and remedies | healthdirect","meta_descriptions":["Most coughs are caused by viruses which inflame the throat, airways or lungs. Here are some tips to relieve a chesty, dry or persistent cough."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Key facts\nCoughing is how your body cleans the lungs and airways.\nYou can have a non-productive (dry) cough or a productive (chesty) cough.\nCoughing that lasts for more than 3 weeks may be a sign of a health problem.\nOn this page\nWhat is a cough?\nWhat symptoms are related to a cough?\nWhat causes a cough?\nWhen should I see my doctor?\nHow is a cough treated?\nHow can I prevent a cough?\nComplications of a cough\nResources and support\nRelated information on Australian websites\nWhat is a cough?\nCoughing is a protective reflex. It can remove dust and other things that have been breathed in. A cough can also get rid of mucus from your throat and chest. Coughing is how your body cleans the lungs and airways.\nWhat symptoms are related to a cough?\nThe symptoms that come with a cough will vary. It depends on what is causing your cough.\nYou can have a productive (chesty) or non-productive (dry) cough.\nA non-productive cough does not have any mucus or phlegm.\nA productive or wet cough is a type of cough that makes mucus. It may cause a feeling of congestion or tightness in your chest.\nWhen you have a productive cough, you cough up mucus. This is known as phlegm (the word sounds like 'flem'). The phlegm comes up from your lungs and lower airways.\nA productive cough is not necessarily a sign of a more serious illness. You may not need\nantibiotics\nor other treatments. However, a productive cough can sometimes indicate a serious problem like\npneumonia\nor\nheart failure\n.\nCoughing that lasts for more than 3 weeks may also be a sign of a health problem. See your doctor if there is no other reason for your cough.\nCHECK YOUR SYMPTOMS\n— Use the\nSymptom Checker\nand find out if you need to seek medical help.\nWhat causes a cough?\nThere are many different causes for a cough.\nShort-term cough (less than 3 weeks)\nThe most common cause of a short-term (acute) cough is a viral infection.\nViruses can infect your nose, nasal passages, mouth, throat and voice box. This area of your body is called the 'upper respiratory tract'. These viruses often then spread to your lungs.\nThe common cold and flu viruses cause infections in the upper respiratory tract. The infection causes inflammation or redness in your throat, windpipe (trachea) or lungs.\nIn healthy people, this type of cough normally goes away on its own within 2 to 3 weeks.\nOther causes of short-term cough (lasting less than 3 weeks) can be:\nCOVID-19\nlaryngitis\n— an inflammation of your larynx (voice box) from infection, overuse or irritation\nsinusitis\nwhooping cough (pertussis)\ninfections in the airways and lungs, such as\nbronchitis\nand\npneumonia\nasthma\nthat is not well controlled\nPersistent cough\nA persistent cough (lasting more than 8 weeks) is also known as a 'chronic cough'. It may be caused by a health issue. Sometimes the cough reflex may become sensitised. This can cause an ongoing cough to develop.\nSome of the common respiratory causes of persistent cough are:\nPost-viral cough — following a viral respiratory tract infection.\nAsthma — this may be called 'cough-variant asthma'.\nOngoing sinusitis or\npost-nasal drip\n(also called upper airway cough syndrome) — mucus drips down the throat. The mucus comes from the back of the nose or sinuses.\nHabit cough (now known as 'somatic cough syndrome') — there is no underlying disease that causes the cough. Habit cough occurs most commonly in children. It goes away when the child is asleep.\nChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)\n— ongoing blockage of the airflow in the lungs that interferes with breathing.\nInfections such as\nwhooping cough\n(pertussis).\nCough can also be caused by:\nLung cancer\nor cancer of the larynx.\nBronchiectasis\n— where the airways are damaged. You can't clear mucus properly, which leads to chest infections. It can cause a productive cough ('phlegm cough').\nTuberculosis\nand other chronic infections.\nCystic fibrosis\n— a genetic condition that affects your lungs.\nSilicosis\n— a long-term lung disease that is caused by breathing in silica dust.\nOther causes of cough include:\nReflux (GORD)\n— this happens when stomach acid comes up into the windpipe. It can cause irritation.\nObstructive sleep apnoea\n— a common sleep disorder which causes snoring and stop-start breathing during sleep.\nSome medicines — such as ACE inhibitors. Talk with your doctor about this as alternative medicines may be available that do not cause a cough.\nHeart failure\n— a condition where your heart muscle is weak and can't pump blood around your body properly.\nWhen should I see my doctor?\nYou should seek medical care if you:\nhave a cough that lasts for more than 3 weeks\nare short of breath or have\nchest pain\nor unexplained\ntiredness\ncough up blood\n, mucus, or phlegm\nhave trouble sleeping because of coughing\nhave unexplained problems like weight loss or a\nfever\nIf your child has a cough, see a doctor if they have:\na cough that starts suddenly — it may be due to\nbreathing in a small object\na cough that lasts longer than 2 weeks, with or without a cold\na cough that interferes a lot with their sleep or daily life\ntrouble breathing\na high\nfever\nsleepiness and tiredness, and they seem unwell\nfewer wet nappies than usual or are not drinking much\nWhen to seek urgent care\nCall triple zero (000) for an ambulance if your child:\nhas a change in skin colour, turning blue or very pale\nis having trouble breathing\nis drowsy or does not respond\nis choking\nFIND A HEALTH SERVICE\n— The\nService Finder\ncan help you find doctors, pharmacies, hospitals and other health services.\nHow is a cough treated?\nTreatment for a cough depends on the cause.\nYour doctor will want to treat any underlying health issue that is causing a long-term (persistent) cough. There may be triggers or activities that make the symptoms of a persistent cough worse. These should be avoided.\nSelf-management\nThere are some things you can do to relieve the symptoms of cough:\nStay well hydrated — it's important to\ndrink plenty of water\n. If you have an existing health condition, check with your doctor about how much water is right for you.\nRest and avoid vigorous activity until symptoms go away.\nHave some honey — it may help to reduce the severity and length of time you have the cough. One to 2 teaspoons of honey taken 30 minutes before bedtime may be helpful. It has been shown to help children with cough. But honey should never be given to children aged under 12 months.\nCough medicines\nThere are many cough remedies and over-the-counter medicines for cough. They are not generally helpful in treating short-term cough. They may have side effects.\nCough medicines may be harmful to young children. The Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) says that cough and cold medicines should NOT be given to children younger than 6 years. Examples of these medicines are:\ncough suppressants\nantihistamines\ndecongestants\nThere is not much evidence that these medicines are helpful for a cough.\nOlder children aged 6 to 11 years can be given cough and cold medicines. BUT children should only be given these medicines if advised by a health practitioner. This could be a doctor, pharmacist or nurse practitioner.\nAntibiotics\nMost short-term coughs are due to\nviral infections\nof the upper respiratory tract. These coughs usually go away on their own.\nAntibiotics do not help viral infections because they don't kill viruses. Antibiotics may do harm in these circumstances.\nOther remedies\nThere are many common cold and cough remedies that do not work. They do not have good scientific evidence to support their use.\nExamples of these are vitamin C, salt therapy, steam inhalation and humidifiers.\nHoney has been shown to be helpful for children (over 12 months) with cough.\nSmoking\nSmoking or breathing other people's smoke can make cough symptoms worse. Try to avoid being around people who are smoking.\nIf you are a smoker, try to cut down or quit. For advice on\nquitting smoking\n, visit the\nQuit Now\nwebsite.\nHow can I prevent a cough?\nYou can't prevent a cough caused by cold, flu or COVID-19. However, you can lower your chances of getting sick in the first place.\nSelf-care\nWearing a face mask is likely to reduce your risk of catching a respiratory virus. You may want to wear a mask when you're in a high-risk setting such as:\nin crowded areas\non public transport\nwaiting to see your doctor\nGood ventilation and cleaning (filtration) the air in a room can help to reduce the risk of spreading a virus.\nAt home, you can open doors and windows to allow a good flow of air. You may also want to use an air purifier to reduce the risk of other people catching the virus.\nYou can help stop the spread of respiratory viruses by:\nstaying away from people who are coughing or\nsneezing\ncoughing or sneezing into a tissue\nusing good\nhand hygiene\n(wash your hands often)\nstaying home when sick\nVaccination\nAdults and children can get vaccinated against some bacterial infections that cause coughing. Vaccines are available against the bacteria that cause whooping cough (pertussis) and pneumococcal disease.\nYou can also get vaccinated against COVID-19 and influenza.\nKeep your children up to date with their vaccines. Adults should also talk to their doctor about vaccines.\nMedicines\nIf you think a cough is caused by a side effect of a medicine, see your doctor. A different medicine may be available.\nIf a cough is caused by asthma, correct\nasthma treatment\ncan help.\nSmoking\nTobacco smoke is a significant trigger for cough. Avoid cigarette smoke. Things in the environment and workplace can also cause asthma-related coughs.\nPollen\nStay indoors if there is a high pollen count in the environment.\nComplications of a cough\nAn ongoing or intense cough can cause complications. These include:\nsleep disruption\nheadache\nhoarseness and\nlaryngitis\nurinary incontinence\nback and chest pain\nfractured rib\nResources and support\nYou can call the healthdirect helpline on 1800 022 222 (known as NURSE-ON-CALL in Victoria). A registered nurse is available to speak with 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.","attrs_markdown":"[![healthdirect australia logo](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/assets\/images\/logo-hda.svg)](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/)\n\nSign in\n\n- [Join](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/account\/join)\n- [Sign in](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/account\/signin)\n\nMenu\n# Healthdirect Free Australian health advice you can count on.\nJoin\n\nSign in\n\nMedical problem? Call 1800 022 222. If you need urgent medical help, call triple zero immediately\n\nhealthdirect Australia is a free service where you can talk to a nurse or doctor who can help you know what to do.\n\n- [Home](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/)\n- Health topics A-Z\n  - [Conditions](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/conditions) [Gastroenteritis](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/gastroenteritis) [Skin Conditions](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/skin-conditions) [Whooping Cough](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/whooping-cough)\n  - [Symptoms](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/symptoms) [Abdominal Pain](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/abdominal-pain) [Bites and Stings](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/bites-and-stings) [Diarrhoea](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/diarrhoea)\n  - [Procedures](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/procedures) [Colonoscopy](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/colonoscopy) [Grommets](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/grommets) [Liposuction](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/liposuction) [Tubal ligation](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/tubal-ligation)\n  - [Life stages](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/life-stages) [Babies and toddlers](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/babies-and-toddlers-health) [Kids](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/kids-health) [Seniors](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/seniors-health)\n  - [All topics](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics) [A](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/A) [B](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/B) [C](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/C) [D](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/D) [E](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/E) [F](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/F) [G](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/G) [H](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/H) [I](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/I) [J](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/J) [K](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/K) [L](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/L) [M](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/M) [N](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/N) [O](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/O) [P](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/P) [Q](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/Q) [R](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/R) [S](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/S) [T](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/T) [U](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/U) [V](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/V) [W](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/W) [X](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/X) [Y](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/Y) [Z](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/Z)\n- [Medicines](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/medicines)\n- [Symptom checker](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/symptom-checker)\n- [Service finder](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/australian-health-services)\n\nMenu\n\nClose\n\n- [Home](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/)\n- [Health topics A-Z](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/cough)\n  - [Conditions](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/conditions)\n  - [Symptoms](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/symptoms)\n  - [Procedures](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics\/procedures)\n  - [Life stages](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/life-stages)\n  - [All topics](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/health-topics)\n- [Medicines](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/medicines)\n- [Symptom checker](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/symptom-checker)\n- [Service finder](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/australian-health-services)\n\n[beginning of content]()\n\n# Cough\n*10-minute read*\n\nPrint\n\nShare\n\n[share via Facebook](https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u=https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/cough \"Share this page on Facebook\")\n\nshare via Email\n\nSave\n\n[Listen](https:\/\/app-oc.readspeaker.com\/cgi-bin\/rsent?customerid=8207&lang=en_au&readid=mainContentArticleText&url=https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/cough \"Listen to this page using ReadSpeaker\")\n\n## Key facts\n- Coughing is how your body cleans the lungs and airways.\n- You can have a non-productive (dry) cough or a productive (chesty) cough.\n- Coughing that lasts for more than 3 weeks may be a sign of a health problem.\n\n## On this page\n- [What is a cough?](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/cough#what-is)\n- [What symptoms are related to a cough?](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/cough#symptoms)\n- [What causes a cough?](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/cough#causes)\n- [When should I see my doctor?](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/cough#doctor)\n- [How is a cough treated?](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/cough#treatment)\n- [How can I prevent a cough?](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/cough#prevention)\n- [Complications of a cough](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/cough#complications)\n- [Resources and support](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/cough#resources)\n- [Related information on Australian websites](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/cough#searchGeneralResults)\n## What is a cough?\nCoughing is a protective reflex. It can remove dust and other things that have been breathed in. A cough can also get rid of mucus from your throat and chest. Coughing is how your body cleans the lungs and airways.\n\n## What symptoms are related to a cough?\nThe symptoms that come with a cough will vary. It depends on what is causing your cough.\n\nYou can have a productive (chesty) or non-productive (dry) cough.\n\nA non-productive cough does not have any mucus or phlegm.\n\nA productive or wet cough is a type of cough that makes mucus. It may cause a feeling of congestion or tightness in your chest.\n\nWhen you have a productive cough, you cough up mucus. This is known as phlegm (the word sounds like 'flem'). The phlegm comes up from your lungs and lower airways.\n\nA productive cough is not necessarily a sign of a more serious illness. You may not need [antibiotics](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/antibiotics) or other treatments. However, a productive cough can sometimes indicate a serious problem like [pneumonia](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/pneumonia) or [heart failure](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/heart-failure).\n\nCoughing that lasts for more than 3 weeks may also be a sign of a health problem. See your doctor if there is no other reason for your cough.\n\n[**CHECK YOUR SYMPTOMS** — Use the **Symptom Checker** and find out if you need to seek medical help.](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/symptom-checker)\n\n## What causes a cough?\nThere are many different causes for a cough.\n\n### Short-term cough (less than 3 weeks)\nThe most common cause of a short-term (acute) cough is a viral infection.\n\nViruses can infect your nose, nasal passages, mouth, throat and voice box. This area of your body is called the 'upper respiratory tract'. These viruses often then spread to your lungs.\n\nThe common cold and flu viruses cause infections in the upper respiratory tract. The infection causes inflammation or redness in your throat, windpipe (trachea) or lungs.\n\nIn healthy people, this type of cough normally goes away on its own within 2 to 3 weeks.\n\nOther causes of short-term cough (lasting less than 3 weeks) can be:\n\n- [COVID-19](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/covid-19)\n- [laryngitis](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/laryngitis) — an inflammation of your larynx (voice box) from infection, overuse or irritation\n- [sinusitis](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/sinusitis)\n- [whooping cough (pertussis)](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/whooping-cough)\n- infections in the airways and lungs, such as [bronchitis](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/bronchitis) and [pneumonia](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/pneumonia)\n- [asthma](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/asthma-in-adolescents-and-adults) that is not well controlled\n### Persistent cough\nA persistent cough (lasting more than 8 weeks) is also known as a 'chronic cough'. It may be caused by a health issue. Sometimes the cough reflex may become sensitised. This can cause an ongoing cough to develop.\n\nSome of the common respiratory causes of persistent cough are:\n\n- Post-viral cough — following a viral respiratory tract infection.\n- Asthma — this may be called 'cough-variant asthma'.\n- Ongoing sinusitis or [post-nasal drip](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/post-nasal-drip) (also called upper airway cough syndrome) — mucus drips down the throat. The mucus comes from the back of the nose or sinuses.\n- Habit cough (now known as 'somatic cough syndrome') — there is no underlying disease that causes the cough. Habit cough occurs most commonly in children. It goes away when the child is asleep.\n- [Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/copd) — ongoing blockage of the airflow in the lungs that interferes with breathing.\n- Infections such as [whooping cough](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/whooping-cough) (pertussis).\n\nCough can also be caused by:\n\n- [Lung cancer](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/lung-cancer) or cancer of the larynx.\n- [Bronchiectasis](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/bronchiectasis) — where the airways are damaged. You can't clear mucus properly, which leads to chest infections. It can cause a productive cough ('phlegm cough').\n- [Tuberculosis](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/tuberculosis) and other chronic infections.\n- [Cystic fibrosis](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/cystic-fibrosis-cf) — a genetic condition that affects your lungs.\n- [Silicosis](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/silicosis) — a long-term lung disease that is caused by breathing in silica dust.\n\nOther causes of cough include:\n\n- [Reflux (GORD)](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/gord-reflux) — this happens when stomach acid comes up into the windpipe. It can cause irritation.\n- [Obstructive sleep apnoea](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/obstructive-sleep-apnoea) — a common sleep disorder which causes snoring and stop-start breathing during sleep.\n- Some medicines — such as ACE inhibitors. Talk with your doctor about this as alternative medicines may be available that do not cause a cough.\n- [Heart failure](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/heart-failure) — a condition where your heart muscle is weak and can't pump blood around your body properly.\n## When should I see my doctor?\nYou should seek medical care if you:\n\n- have a cough that lasts for more than 3 weeks\n- are short of breath or have [chest pain](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/chest-pain) or unexplained [tiredness](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/fatigue)\n- [cough up blood](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/haemoptysis-coughing-up-blood), mucus, or phlegm\n- have trouble sleeping because of coughing\n- have unexplained problems like weight loss or a [fever](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/fever)\n\nIf your child has a cough, see a doctor if they have:\n\n- a cough that starts suddenly — it may be due to [breathing in a small object](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/inhaled-substance-or-object)\n- a cough that lasts longer than 2 weeks, with or without a cold\n- a cough that interferes a lot with their sleep or daily life\n- trouble breathing\n- a high [fever](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/fever-and-high-temperature-in-children)\n- sleepiness and tiredness, and they seem unwell\n- fewer wet nappies than usual or are not drinking much\n### When to seek urgent care\nCall triple zero (000) for an ambulance if your child:\n\n- has a change in skin colour, turning blue or very pale\n- is having trouble breathing\n- is drowsy or does not respond\n- is choking\n\n[**FIND A HEALTH SERVICE** — The **Service Finder** can help you find doctors, pharmacies, hospitals and other health services.](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/australian-health-services)\n\n## How is a cough treated?\nTreatment for a cough depends on the cause.\n\nYour doctor will want to treat any underlying health issue that is causing a long-term (persistent) cough. There may be triggers or activities that make the symptoms of a persistent cough worse. These should be avoided.\n\n### Self-management\nThere are some things you can do to relieve the symptoms of cough:\n\n- Stay well hydrated — it's important to [drink plenty of water](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/dehydration). If you have an existing health condition, check with your doctor about how much water is right for you.\n- Rest and avoid vigorous activity until symptoms go away.\n- Have some honey — it may help to reduce the severity and length of time you have the cough. One to 2 teaspoons of honey taken 30 minutes before bedtime may be helpful. It has been shown to help children with cough. But honey should never be given to children aged under 12 months.\n### Cough medicines\nThere are many cough remedies and over-the-counter medicines for cough. They are not generally helpful in treating short-term cough. They may have side effects.\n\nCough medicines may be harmful to young children. The Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) says that cough and cold medicines should NOT be given to children younger than 6 years. Examples of these medicines are:\n\n- cough suppressants\n- antihistamines\n- decongestants\n\nThere is not much evidence that these medicines are helpful for a cough.\n\nOlder children aged 6 to 11 years can be given cough and cold medicines. BUT children should only be given these medicines if advised by a health practitioner. This could be a doctor, pharmacist or nurse practitioner.\n\n### Antibiotics\nMost short-term coughs are due to [viral infections](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/viral-infections) of the upper respiratory tract. These coughs usually go away on their own.\n\nAntibiotics do not help viral infections because they don't kill viruses. Antibiotics may do harm in these circumstances.\n\n### Other remedies\nThere are many common cold and cough remedies that do not work. They do not have good scientific evidence to support their use.\n\nExamples of these are vitamin C, salt therapy, steam inhalation and humidifiers.\n\nHoney has been shown to be helpful for children (over 12 months) with cough.\n\n### Smoking\nSmoking or breathing other people's smoke can make cough symptoms worse. Try to avoid being around people who are smoking.\n\nIf you are a smoker, try to cut down or quit. For advice on [quitting smoking](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/quit-smoking-vaping), visit the [Quit Now](http:\/\/www.quitnow.gov.au\/internet\/quitnow\/publishing.nsf\/Content\/home) website.\n\n## How can I prevent a cough?\nYou can't prevent a cough caused by cold, flu or COVID-19. However, you can lower your chances of getting sick in the first place.\n\n### Self-care\nWearing a face mask is likely to reduce your risk of catching a respiratory virus. You may want to wear a mask when you're in a high-risk setting such as:\n\n- in crowded areas\n- on public transport\n- waiting to see your doctor\n\nGood ventilation and cleaning (filtration) the air in a room can help to reduce the risk of spreading a virus.\n\nAt home, you can open doors and windows to allow a good flow of air. You may also want to use an air purifier to reduce the risk of other people catching the virus.\n\nYou can help stop the spread of respiratory viruses by:\n\n- staying away from people who are coughing or [sneezing](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/sneezing)\n- coughing or sneezing into a tissue\n- using good [hand hygiene](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/hand-washing) (wash your hands often)\n- staying home when sick\n### Vaccination\nAdults and children can get vaccinated against some bacterial infections that cause coughing. Vaccines are available against the bacteria that cause whooping cough (pertussis) and pneumococcal disease.\n\nYou can also get vaccinated against COVID-19 and influenza.\n\nKeep your children up to date with their vaccines. Adults should also talk to their doctor about vaccines.\n\n### Medicines\nIf you think a cough is caused by a side effect of a medicine, see your doctor. A different medicine may be available.\n\nIf a cough is caused by asthma, correct [asthma treatment](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/asthma-in-adolescents-and-adults) can help.\n\n### Smoking\nTobacco smoke is a significant trigger for cough. Avoid cigarette smoke. Things in the environment and workplace can also cause asthma-related coughs.\n\n### Pollen\nStay indoors if there is a high pollen count in the environment.\n\n## Complications of a cough\nAn ongoing or intense cough can cause complications. These include:\n\n- sleep disruption\n- headache\n- hoarseness and [laryngitis](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/laryngitis)\n- [urinary incontinence](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/urinary-incontinence)\n- back and chest pain\n- fractured rib\n## Resources and support\nYou can call the healthdirect helpline on 1800 022 222 (known as NURSE-ON-CALL in Victoria). A registered nurse is available to speak with 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.\n\n#### Sources:\nTherapeutic Guidelines *[(Cough in adults)](https:\/\/tgldcdp.tg.org.au\/viewTopic?etgAccess=true&guidelinePage=Respiratory&topicfile=cough&guidelinename=Respiratory&sectionId=toc_d1e371#toc_d1e371 \"Cough in adults\")*, NHMRC *[(Breaking the chain of infection)](https:\/\/www.nhmrc.gov.au\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/reports\/clinical%20guidelines\/ch55a-breaking-infection-info-sheet.pdf \"Breaking the chain of infection\")*, Lung Foundation Australia *[(Chronic cough)](https:\/\/lungfoundation.com.au\/lung-health\/lung-disease\/chronic-cough\/ \"Chronic cough\")*, Lung Foundation Australia *[(Managing a persistent cough)](https:\/\/lungfoundation.com.au\/blog\/managing-a-persistent-cough \"Managing a persistent cough\")*, Asthma Australia *[(Asthma triggers)](https:\/\/asthma.org.au\/triggers\/wood-heaters-woodfires-and-bushfires \"Asthma triggers\")*, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne *[(Cough)](https:\/\/www.rch.org.au\/kidsinfo\/fact_sheets\/cough \"Cough\")*, Asthma Australia *[(Asthma triggers – Hay fever and pollen)](https:\/\/asthma.org.au\/triggers\/hay-fever-and-pollen \"Asthma triggers – Hay fever and pollen\")*, Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care *[(Immunisation for adults)](https:\/\/www.health.gov.au\/topics\/immunisation\/when-to-get-vaccinated\/immunisation-for-adults \"Immunisation for adults\")*, Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care *[(National Immunisation Program Schedule)](https:\/\/www.health.gov.au\/topics\/immunisation\/when-to-get-vaccinated\/national-immunisation-program-schedule \"National Immunisation Program Schedule\")*, Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care *[(What are the effects of smoking and tobacco?)](https:\/\/www.health.gov.au\/topics\/smoking-vaping-and-tobacco\/about-smoking\/effects \"What are the effects of smoking and tobacco?\")*\n\nLearn more here about the [development and quality assurance of healthdirect content](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/about-our-content).\n\nLast reviewed: December 2023\n\n[Back To Top](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/cough#backToTop)\n\n## Search our site for\n- [Common Cold](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/search-results\/Common%20Cold \"Search results for: Common Cold\")\n- [Coronavirus (COVID-19)](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/search-results\/Coronavirus%20\\(COVID-19\\) \"Search results for: Coronavirus (COVID-19)\")\n- [Respiratory Tract Infections](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/search-results\/Respiratory%20Tract%20Infections \"Search results for: Respiratory Tract Infections\")\n- [Bronchitis](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/search-results\/Bronchitis \"Search results for: Bronchitis\")\n- [Cough and cold medicines](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/search-results\/Cough%20and%20cold%20medicines \"Search results for: Cough and cold medicines\")\n- [Cough suppressants](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/search-results\/Cough%20suppressants \"Search results for: Cough suppressants\")\n- [SARS](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/search-results\/SARS \"Search results for: SARS\")\n- [Pleurisy](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/search-results\/Pleurisy \"Search results for: Pleurisy\")\n- [Croup](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/search-results\/Croup \"Search results for: Croup\")\n- [Melioidosis](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/search-results\/Melioidosis \"Search results for: Melioidosis\")\n\n## Need more information?\nThese trusted information partners have more on this topic.\n\nGeneral search results\n\nResults for medical professionals\n\nTop results\n\n[Coughs in babies Your baby’s cough is a symptom of many different conditions, some urgent, read ahead for tips to relieve their cough, treatment and prevention. *Read more on Pregnancy,Birth & Baby website* ![Pregnancy,Birth & Baby](https:\/\/media.healthdirect.org.au\/images\/logos\/h40\/PBB_logo.png)](https:\/\/www.pregnancybirthbaby.org.au\/coughs-in-babies)\n\n[Whooping Cough - Immunisation Coalition Whooping cough (pertussis) is a highly contagious infection that can be life-threatening for babies. Learn how it spreads, recognise early symptoms, and find out how vaccination protects infants, children, and adults under the National Immunisation Program. *Read more on Immunisation Coalition website* ![Immunisation Coalition](https:\/\/media.healthdirect.org.au\/images\/logos\/h40\/immunisation-coalition-logo-84853b.png)](https:\/\/immunisationcoalition.org.au\/diseases\/whooping-cough-2\/)\n\n[Whooping Cough \\| Pathology Tests Explained This is a group of tests that are performed to detect and diagnose a Bordetella pertussis infection. B. pertussis is a bacterium that targets the lungs, typi *Read more on Pathology Tests Explained website* ![Pathology Tests Explained](https:\/\/media.healthdirect.org.au\/images\/logos\/h40\/ptex-horizontal-logo-colored_large-81dfe0.png)](https:\/\/ptex.au\/ptests-pro.php?q=Whooping+Cough)\n\n[Whooping cough: babies, children & teens \\| Raising Children Network Whooping cough starts like a cold, followed by a cough with a whooping sound. Immunisation protects children, but see a GP if your child develops symptoms. *Read more on raisingchildren.net.au website* ![raisingchildren.net.au](https:\/\/media.healthdirect.org.au\/images\/logos\/h40\/raising-children_logo-f6777f.png)](https:\/\/raisingchildren.net.au\/guides\/a-z-health-reference\/whooping-cough)\n\n[What every parent should know about coughs, colds, earaches and sore throats - NPS MedicineWise Children's coughs, colds, earaches and sore throats can worry you and make them miserable. Find out how to help your child feel better, and when to seek further advice. *Read more on NPS MedicineWise website* ![NPS MedicineWise](https:\/\/media.healthdirect.org.au\/images\/logos\/h40\/nps_logo-54f847.png)](https:\/\/www.nps.org.au\/consumers\/what-every-parent-should-know-about-coughs-colds-earaches-and-sore-throats)\n\n[Kids Health Info : Whooping cough *Read more on Royal Children's Hospital website* ![Royal Children's Hospital](https:\/\/media.healthdirect.org.au\/images\/logos\/h40\/rch_logo-064d92.png)](https:\/\/www.rch.org.au\/kidsinfo\/fact_sheets\/whooping_cough\/)\n\n[Dry coughs - myDr.com.au A dry cough is non-productive and irritating, and sometimes causes a tickly throat. Find out what products are available for a dry cough. *Read more on myDoctor website* ![myDoctor](https:\/\/media.healthdirect.org.au\/images\/logos\/h40\/mydoctor-new_logo-1f39cc.png)](https:\/\/mydr.com.au\/pharmacy-care\/dry-coughs\/)\n\n[Cough: productive or 'wet' cough - myDr.com.au A productive or 'wet' cough brings up mucus or phlegm. Find out the causes and when to see the doctor. *Read more on myDoctor website* ![myDoctor](https:\/\/media.healthdirect.org.au\/images\/logos\/h40\/mydoctor-new_logo-1f39cc.png)](https:\/\/mydr.com.au\/respiratory-health\/cough-productive-or-wet-cough\/)\n\n[Cough: productive or 'wet' cough treatments - myDr.com.au Treatment for a productive or wet cough: find out about different treatments and what not to do. *Read more on myDoctor website* ![myDoctor](https:\/\/media.healthdirect.org.au\/images\/logos\/h40\/mydoctor-new_logo-1f39cc.png)](https:\/\/mydr.com.au\/respiratory-health\/cough-productive-or-wet-cough-treatments\/)\n\n[Chesty coughs - myDr.com.au When you have a chesty cough (wet, productive or phlegmy) your chest feels heavy and you may cough up mucus or phlegm. Find out what products are available for a chesty cough. *Read more on myDoctor website* ![myDoctor](https:\/\/media.healthdirect.org.au\/images\/logos\/h40\/mydoctor-new_logo-1f39cc.png)](https:\/\/mydr.com.au\/respiratory-health\/chesty-coughs\/)\n\nShow more\n\nTop results\n\n[Breathing and Coughing Exercises for Hospitalised Patients Hospitalised patients with respiratory conditions, particularly those who have undergone chest or abdominal surgery, should perform breathing and coughing exercises in order to prevent further issues and complications. *Read more on Ausmed Education website* ![Ausmed Education](https:\/\/media.healthdirect.org.au\/images\/logos\/h40\/ausmed-new-logo-872e67.png)](https:\/\/www.ausmed.com\/learn\/articles\/breathing-exercises)\n\nShow more\n\n## Disclaimer\nHealthdirect Australia is not responsible for the content and advertising on the external website you are now entering.\n\n[OK]()\n\n## Search our site for\n- [Common Cold](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/search-results\/Common%20Cold \"Search results for: Common Cold\")\n- [Coronavirus (COVID-19)](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/search-results\/Coronavirus%20\\(COVID-19\\) \"Search results for: Coronavirus (COVID-19)\")\n- [Respiratory Tract Infections](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/search-results\/Respiratory%20Tract%20Infections \"Search results for: Respiratory Tract Infections\")\n- [Bronchitis](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/search-results\/Bronchitis \"Search results for: Bronchitis\")\n- [Cough and cold medicines](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/search-results\/Cough%20and%20cold%20medicines \"Search results for: Cough and cold medicines\")\n- [Cough suppressants](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/search-results\/Cough%20suppressants \"Search results for: Cough suppressants\")\n- [SARS](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/search-results\/SARS \"Search results for: SARS\")\n- [Pleurisy](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/search-results\/Pleurisy \"Search results for: Pleurisy\")\n- [Croup](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/search-results\/Croup \"Search results for: Croup\")\n- [Melioidosis](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/search-results\/Melioidosis \"Search results for: Melioidosis\")\n\n## Symptom checker\n**Is it a cold or the flu?**\n\nSelect a symptom, answer some questions, get advice\n\n[Start Your Symptom Check](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/symptom-checker \"Check symptoms\")\n\n[Check your symptoms](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/symptom-checker\/tool?symptom=GNRC) [Find a health service](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/australian-health-services)\n\n# Healthdirect 24hr 7 days a week hotline\n24 hour health advice you can count on\n\n[1800 022 222](tel:1800022222)\n\n# Government Accredited with over 140 information partners\n![Healthdirect logo](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/assets\/images\/logo-hda.svg)\n\nWe are a 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We pay our respects to the Traditional Owners and to Elders both past and present.\n\n© 2026 Healthdirect Australia Limited\n\n## Support for this browser is being discontinued\nSupport for this browser is being discontinued for this site\n\n- Internet Explorer 11 and lower\n\nWe currently support Microsoft Edge, Chrome, Firefox and Safari. For more information, please visit the links below:\n\n- [Chrome by Google](https:\/\/www.google.com.au\/chrome\/)\n- [Firefox by Mozilla](https:\/\/www.mozilla.org\/en-US\/firefox\/new)\n- [Microsoft Edge](https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/edge)\n- [Safari by Apple](https:\/\/support.apple.com\/en_AU\/downloads\/safari)\n\nYou are welcome to continue browsing this site with this browser. Some features, tools or interaction may not work correctly.\n\nContinue\n\n![](https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/tr?id=286390378916509&ev=PageView%0A%0A&noscript=1)","attrs_readable_markdown":"## Key facts\n- Coughing is how your body cleans the lungs and airways.\n- You can have a non-productive (dry) cough or a productive (chesty) cough.\n- Coughing that lasts for more than 3 weeks may be a sign of a health problem.\n\n## On this page\n- [What is a cough?](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/cough#what-is)\n- [What symptoms are related to a cough?](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/cough#symptoms)\n- [What causes a cough?](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/cough#causes)\n- [When should I see my doctor?](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/cough#doctor)\n- [How is a cough treated?](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/cough#treatment)\n- [How can I prevent a cough?](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/cough#prevention)\n- [Complications of a cough](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/cough#complications)\n- [Resources and support](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/cough#resources)\n- [Related information on Australian websites](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/cough#searchGeneralResults)\n## What is a cough?\nCoughing is a protective reflex. It can remove dust and other things that have been breathed in. A cough can also get rid of mucus from your throat and chest. Coughing is how your body cleans the lungs and airways.\n\n## What symptoms are related to a cough?\nThe symptoms that come with a cough will vary. It depends on what is causing your cough.\n\nYou can have a productive (chesty) or non-productive (dry) cough.\n\nA non-productive cough does not have any mucus or phlegm.\n\nA productive or wet cough is a type of cough that makes mucus. It may cause a feeling of congestion or tightness in your chest.\n\nWhen you have a productive cough, you cough up mucus. This is known as phlegm (the word sounds like 'flem'). The phlegm comes up from your lungs and lower airways.\n\nA productive cough is not necessarily a sign of a more serious illness. You may not need [antibiotics](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/antibiotics) or other treatments. However, a productive cough can sometimes indicate a serious problem like [pneumonia](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/pneumonia) or [heart failure](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/heart-failure).\n\nCoughing that lasts for more than 3 weeks may also be a sign of a health problem. See your doctor if there is no other reason for your cough.\n\n[**CHECK YOUR SYMPTOMS** — Use the **Symptom Checker** and find out if you need to seek medical help.](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/symptom-checker)\n\n## What causes a cough?\nThere are many different causes for a cough.\n\n### Short-term cough (less than 3 weeks)\nThe most common cause of a short-term (acute) cough is a viral infection.\n\nViruses can infect your nose, nasal passages, mouth, throat and voice box. This area of your body is called the 'upper respiratory tract'. These viruses often then spread to your lungs.\n\nThe common cold and flu viruses cause infections in the upper respiratory tract. The infection causes inflammation or redness in your throat, windpipe (trachea) or lungs.\n\nIn healthy people, this type of cough normally goes away on its own within 2 to 3 weeks.\n\nOther causes of short-term cough (lasting less than 3 weeks) can be:\n\n- [COVID-19](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/covid-19)\n- [laryngitis](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/laryngitis) — an inflammation of your larynx (voice box) from infection, overuse or irritation\n- [sinusitis](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/sinusitis)\n- [whooping cough (pertussis)](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/whooping-cough)\n- infections in the airways and lungs, such as [bronchitis](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/bronchitis) and [pneumonia](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/pneumonia)\n- [asthma](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/asthma-in-adolescents-and-adults) that is not well controlled\n### Persistent cough\nA persistent cough (lasting more than 8 weeks) is also known as a 'chronic cough'. It may be caused by a health issue. Sometimes the cough reflex may become sensitised. This can cause an ongoing cough to develop.\n\nSome of the common respiratory causes of persistent cough are:\n\n- Post-viral cough — following a viral respiratory tract infection.\n- Asthma — this may be called 'cough-variant asthma'.\n- Ongoing sinusitis or [post-nasal drip](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/post-nasal-drip) (also called upper airway cough syndrome) — mucus drips down the throat. The mucus comes from the back of the nose or sinuses.\n- Habit cough (now known as 'somatic cough syndrome') — there is no underlying disease that causes the cough. Habit cough occurs most commonly in children. It goes away when the child is asleep.\n- [Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/copd) — ongoing blockage of the airflow in the lungs that interferes with breathing.\n- Infections such as [whooping cough](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/whooping-cough) (pertussis).\n\nCough can also be caused by:\n\n- [Lung cancer](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/lung-cancer) or cancer of the larynx.\n- [Bronchiectasis](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/bronchiectasis) — where the airways are damaged. You can't clear mucus properly, which leads to chest infections. It can cause a productive cough ('phlegm cough').\n- [Tuberculosis](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/tuberculosis) and other chronic infections.\n- [Cystic fibrosis](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/cystic-fibrosis-cf) — a genetic condition that affects your lungs.\n- [Silicosis](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/silicosis) — a long-term lung disease that is caused by breathing in silica dust.\n\nOther causes of cough include:\n\n- [Reflux (GORD)](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/gord-reflux) — this happens when stomach acid comes up into the windpipe. It can cause irritation.\n- [Obstructive sleep apnoea](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/obstructive-sleep-apnoea) — a common sleep disorder which causes snoring and stop-start breathing during sleep.\n- Some medicines — such as ACE inhibitors. Talk with your doctor about this as alternative medicines may be available that do not cause a cough.\n- [Heart failure](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/heart-failure) — a condition where your heart muscle is weak and can't pump blood around your body properly.\n## When should I see my doctor?\nYou should seek medical care if you:\n\n- have a cough that lasts for more than 3 weeks\n- are short of breath or have [chest pain](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/chest-pain) or unexplained [tiredness](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/fatigue)\n- [cough up blood](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/haemoptysis-coughing-up-blood), mucus, or phlegm\n- have trouble sleeping because of coughing\n- have unexplained problems like weight loss or a [fever](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/fever)\n\nIf your child has a cough, see a doctor if they have:\n\n- a cough that starts suddenly — it may be due to [breathing in a small object](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/inhaled-substance-or-object)\n- a cough that lasts longer than 2 weeks, with or without a cold\n- a cough that interferes a lot with their sleep or daily life\n- trouble breathing\n- a high [fever](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/fever-and-high-temperature-in-children)\n- sleepiness and tiredness, and they seem unwell\n- fewer wet nappies than usual or are not drinking much\n### When to seek urgent care\nCall triple zero (000) for an ambulance if your child:\n\n- has a change in skin colour, turning blue or very pale\n- is having trouble breathing\n- is drowsy or does not respond\n- is choking\n\n[**FIND A HEALTH SERVICE** — The **Service Finder** can help you find doctors, pharmacies, hospitals and other health services.](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/australian-health-services)\n\n## How is a cough treated?\nTreatment for a cough depends on the cause.\n\nYour doctor will want to treat any underlying health issue that is causing a long-term (persistent) cough. There may be triggers or activities that make the symptoms of a persistent cough worse. These should be avoided.\n\n### Self-management\nThere are some things you can do to relieve the symptoms of cough:\n\n- Stay well hydrated — it's important to [drink plenty of water](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/dehydration). If you have an existing health condition, check with your doctor about how much water is right for you.\n- Rest and avoid vigorous activity until symptoms go away.\n- Have some honey — it may help to reduce the severity and length of time you have the cough. One to 2 teaspoons of honey taken 30 minutes before bedtime may be helpful. It has been shown to help children with cough. But honey should never be given to children aged under 12 months.\n### Cough medicines\nThere are many cough remedies and over-the-counter medicines for cough. They are not generally helpful in treating short-term cough. They may have side effects.\n\nCough medicines may be harmful to young children. The Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) says that cough and cold medicines should NOT be given to children younger than 6 years. Examples of these medicines are:\n\n- cough suppressants\n- antihistamines\n- decongestants\n\nThere is not much evidence that these medicines are helpful for a cough.\n\nOlder children aged 6 to 11 years can be given cough and cold medicines. BUT children should only be given these medicines if advised by a health practitioner. This could be a doctor, pharmacist or nurse practitioner.\n\n### Antibiotics\nMost short-term coughs are due to [viral infections](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/viral-infections) of the upper respiratory tract. These coughs usually go away on their own.\n\nAntibiotics do not help viral infections because they don't kill viruses. Antibiotics may do harm in these circumstances.\n\n### Other remedies\nThere are many common cold and cough remedies that do not work. They do not have good scientific evidence to support their use.\n\nExamples of these are vitamin C, salt therapy, steam inhalation and humidifiers.\n\nHoney has been shown to be helpful for children (over 12 months) with cough.\n\n### Smoking\nSmoking or breathing other people's smoke can make cough symptoms worse. Try to avoid being around people who are smoking.\n\nIf you are a smoker, try to cut down or quit. For advice on [quitting smoking](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/quit-smoking-vaping), visit the [Quit Now](http:\/\/www.quitnow.gov.au\/internet\/quitnow\/publishing.nsf\/Content\/home) website.\n\n## How can I prevent a cough?\nYou can't prevent a cough caused by cold, flu or COVID-19. However, you can lower your chances of getting sick in the first place.\n\n### Self-care\nWearing a face mask is likely to reduce your risk of catching a respiratory virus. You may want to wear a mask when you're in a high-risk setting such as:\n\n- in crowded areas\n- on public transport\n- waiting to see your doctor\n\nGood ventilation and cleaning (filtration) the air in a room can help to reduce the risk of spreading a virus.\n\nAt home, you can open doors and windows to allow a good flow of air. You may also want to use an air purifier to reduce the risk of other people catching the virus.\n\nYou can help stop the spread of respiratory viruses by:\n\n- staying away from people who are coughing or [sneezing](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/sneezing)\n- coughing or sneezing into a tissue\n- using good [hand hygiene](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/hand-washing) (wash your hands often)\n- staying home when sick\n### Vaccination\nAdults and children can get vaccinated against some bacterial infections that cause coughing. Vaccines are available against the bacteria that cause whooping cough (pertussis) and pneumococcal disease.\n\nYou can also get vaccinated against COVID-19 and influenza.\n\nKeep your children up to date with their vaccines. Adults should also talk to their doctor about vaccines.\n\n### Medicines\nIf you think a cough is caused by a side effect of a medicine, see your doctor. A different medicine may be available.\n\nIf a cough is caused by asthma, correct [asthma treatment](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/asthma-in-adolescents-and-adults) can help.\n\n### Smoking\nTobacco smoke is a significant trigger for cough. Avoid cigarette smoke. Things in the environment and workplace can also cause asthma-related coughs.\n\n### Pollen\nStay indoors if there is a high pollen count in the environment.\n\n## Complications of a cough\nAn ongoing or intense cough can cause complications. These include:\n\n- sleep disruption\n- headache\n- hoarseness and [laryngitis](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/laryngitis)\n- [urinary incontinence](https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/urinary-incontinence)\n- back and chest pain\n- fractured rib\n## Resources and support\nYou can call the healthdirect helpline on 1800 022 222 (known as NURSE-ON-CALL in Victoria). A registered nurse is available to speak with 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.","meta_canonical":null}

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Meta Title	Cough - types, treatments and remedies \| healthdirect
Meta Description	Most coughs are caused by viruses which inflame the throat, airways or lungs. Here are some tips to relieve a chesty, dry or persistent cough.
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Boilerpipe Text	Key facts Coughing is how your body cleans the lungs and airways. You can have a non-productive (dry) cough or a productive (chesty) cough. Coughing that lasts for more than 3 weeks may be a sign of a health problem. On this page What is a cough? What symptoms are related to a cough? What causes a cough? When should I see my doctor? How is a cough treated? How can I prevent a cough? Complications of a cough Resources and support Related information on Australian websites What is a cough? Coughing is a protective reflex. It can remove dust and other things that have been breathed in. A cough can also get rid of mucus from your throat and chest. Coughing is how your body cleans the lungs and airways. What symptoms are related to a cough? The symptoms that come with a cough will vary. It depends on what is causing your cough. You can have a productive (chesty) or non-productive (dry) cough. A non-productive cough does not have any mucus or phlegm. A productive or wet cough is a type of cough that makes mucus. It may cause a feeling of congestion or tightness in your chest. When you have a productive cough, you cough up mucus. This is known as phlegm (the word sounds like 'flem'). The phlegm comes up from your lungs and lower airways. A productive cough is not necessarily a sign of a more serious illness. You may not need antibiotics or other treatments. However, a productive cough can sometimes indicate a serious problem like pneumonia or heart failure . Coughing that lasts for more than 3 weeks may also be a sign of a health problem. See your doctor if there is no other reason for your cough. CHECK YOUR SYMPTOMS — Use the Symptom Checker and find out if you need to seek medical help. What causes a cough? There are many different causes for a cough. Short-term cough (less than 3 weeks) The most common cause of a short-term (acute) cough is a viral infection. Viruses can infect your nose, nasal passages, mouth, throat and voice box. This area of your body is called the 'upper respiratory tract'. These viruses often then spread to your lungs. The common cold and flu viruses cause infections in the upper respiratory tract. The infection causes inflammation or redness in your throat, windpipe (trachea) or lungs. In healthy people, this type of cough normally goes away on its own within 2 to 3 weeks. Other causes of short-term cough (lasting less than 3 weeks) can be: COVID-19 laryngitis — an inflammation of your larynx (voice box) from infection, overuse or irritation sinusitis whooping cough (pertussis) infections in the airways and lungs, such as bronchitis and pneumonia asthma that is not well controlled Persistent cough A persistent cough (lasting more than 8 weeks) is also known as a 'chronic cough'. It may be caused by a health issue. Sometimes the cough reflex may become sensitised. This can cause an ongoing cough to develop. Some of the common respiratory causes of persistent cough are: Post-viral cough — following a viral respiratory tract infection. Asthma — this may be called 'cough-variant asthma'. Ongoing sinusitis or post-nasal drip (also called upper airway cough syndrome) — mucus drips down the throat. The mucus comes from the back of the nose or sinuses. Habit cough (now known as 'somatic cough syndrome') — there is no underlying disease that causes the cough. Habit cough occurs most commonly in children. It goes away when the child is asleep. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) — ongoing blockage of the airflow in the lungs that interferes with breathing. Infections such as whooping cough (pertussis). Cough can also be caused by: Lung cancer or cancer of the larynx. Bronchiectasis — where the airways are damaged. You can't clear mucus properly, which leads to chest infections. It can cause a productive cough ('phlegm cough'). Tuberculosis and other chronic infections. Cystic fibrosis — a genetic condition that affects your lungs. Silicosis — a long-term lung disease that is caused by breathing in silica dust. Other causes of cough include: Reflux (GORD) — this happens when stomach acid comes up into the windpipe. It can cause irritation. Obstructive sleep apnoea — a common sleep disorder which causes snoring and stop-start breathing during sleep. Some medicines — such as ACE inhibitors. Talk with your doctor about this as alternative medicines may be available that do not cause a cough. Heart failure — a condition where your heart muscle is weak and can't pump blood around your body properly. When should I see my doctor? You should seek medical care if you: have a cough that lasts for more than 3 weeks are short of breath or have chest pain or unexplained tiredness cough up blood , mucus, or phlegm have trouble sleeping because of coughing have unexplained problems like weight loss or a fever If your child has a cough, see a doctor if they have: a cough that starts suddenly — it may be due to breathing in a small object a cough that lasts longer than 2 weeks, with or without a cold a cough that interferes a lot with their sleep or daily life trouble breathing a high fever sleepiness and tiredness, and they seem unwell fewer wet nappies than usual or are not drinking much When to seek urgent care Call triple zero (000) for an ambulance if your child: has a change in skin colour, turning blue or very pale is having trouble breathing is drowsy or does not respond is choking FIND A HEALTH SERVICE — The Service Finder can help you find doctors, pharmacies, hospitals and other health services. How is a cough treated? Treatment for a cough depends on the cause. Your doctor will want to treat any underlying health issue that is causing a long-term (persistent) cough. There may be triggers or activities that make the symptoms of a persistent cough worse. These should be avoided. Self-management There are some things you can do to relieve the symptoms of cough: Stay well hydrated — it's important to drink plenty of water . If you have an existing health condition, check with your doctor about how much water is right for you. Rest and avoid vigorous activity until symptoms go away. Have some honey — it may help to reduce the severity and length of time you have the cough. One to 2 teaspoons of honey taken 30 minutes before bedtime may be helpful. It has been shown to help children with cough. But honey should never be given to children aged under 12 months. Cough medicines There are many cough remedies and over-the-counter medicines for cough. They are not generally helpful in treating short-term cough. They may have side effects. Cough medicines may be harmful to young children. The Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) says that cough and cold medicines should NOT be given to children younger than 6 years. Examples of these medicines are: cough suppressants antihistamines decongestants There is not much evidence that these medicines are helpful for a cough. Older children aged 6 to 11 years can be given cough and cold medicines. BUT children should only be given these medicines if advised by a health practitioner. This could be a doctor, pharmacist or nurse practitioner. Antibiotics Most short-term coughs are due to viral infections of the upper respiratory tract. These coughs usually go away on their own. Antibiotics do not help viral infections because they don't kill viruses. Antibiotics may do harm in these circumstances. Other remedies There are many common cold and cough remedies that do not work. They do not have good scientific evidence to support their use. Examples of these are vitamin C, salt therapy, steam inhalation and humidifiers. Honey has been shown to be helpful for children (over 12 months) with cough. Smoking Smoking or breathing other people's smoke can make cough symptoms worse. Try to avoid being around people who are smoking. If you are a smoker, try to cut down or quit. For advice on quitting smoking , visit the Quit Now website. How can I prevent a cough? You can't prevent a cough caused by cold, flu or COVID-19. However, you can lower your chances of getting sick in the first place. Self-care Wearing a face mask is likely to reduce your risk of catching a respiratory virus. You may want to wear a mask when you're in a high-risk setting such as: in crowded areas on public transport waiting to see your doctor Good ventilation and cleaning (filtration) the air in a room can help to reduce the risk of spreading a virus. At home, you can open doors and windows to allow a good flow of air. You may also want to use an air purifier to reduce the risk of other people catching the virus. You can help stop the spread of respiratory viruses by: staying away from people who are coughing or sneezing coughing or sneezing into a tissue using good hand hygiene (wash your hands often) staying home when sick Vaccination Adults and children can get vaccinated against some bacterial infections that cause coughing. Vaccines are available against the bacteria that cause whooping cough (pertussis) and pneumococcal disease. You can also get vaccinated against COVID-19 and influenza. Keep your children up to date with their vaccines. Adults should also talk to their doctor about vaccines. Medicines If you think a cough is caused by a side effect of a medicine, see your doctor. A different medicine may be available. If a cough is caused by asthma, correct asthma treatment can help. Smoking Tobacco smoke is a significant trigger for cough. Avoid cigarette smoke. Things in the environment and workplace can also cause asthma-related coughs. Pollen Stay indoors if there is a high pollen count in the environment. Complications of a cough An ongoing or intense cough can cause complications. These include: sleep disruption headache hoarseness and laryngitis urinary incontinence back and chest pain fractured rib Resources and support You can call the healthdirect helpline on 1800 022 222 (known as NURSE-ON-CALL in Victoria). A registered nurse is available to speak with 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
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[Medicines](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/medicines) - [Symptom checker](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/symptom-checker) - [Service finder](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/australian-health-services) Menu Close - [Home](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/) - [Health topics A-Z](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/cough) - [Conditions](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/health-topics/conditions) - [Symptoms](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/health-topics/symptoms) - [Procedures](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/health-topics/procedures) - [Life stages](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/life-stages) - [All topics](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/health-topics) - [Medicines](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/medicines) - [Symptom checker](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/symptom-checker) - [Service finder](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/australian-health-services) [beginning of content]() # Cough 10-minute read Print Share [share via Facebook](https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/cough "Share this page on Facebook") share via Email Save [Listen](https://app-oc.readspeaker.com/cgi-bin/rsent?customerid=8207&lang=en_au&readid=mainContentArticleText&url=https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/cough "Listen to this page using ReadSpeaker") ## Key facts - Coughing is how your body cleans the lungs and airways. - You can have a non-productive (dry) cough or a productive (chesty) cough. - Coughing that lasts for more than 3 weeks may be a sign of a health problem. ## On this page - [What is a cough?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/cough#what-is) - [What symptoms are related to a cough?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/cough#symptoms) - [What causes a cough?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/cough#causes) - [When should I see my doctor?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/cough#doctor) - [How is a cough treated?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/cough#treatment) - [How can I prevent a cough?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/cough#prevention) - [Complications of a cough](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/cough#complications) - [Resources and support](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/cough#resources) - [Related information on Australian websites](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/cough#searchGeneralResults) ## What is a cough? Coughing is a protective reflex. It can remove dust and other things that have been breathed in. A cough can also get rid of mucus from your throat and chest. Coughing is how your body cleans the lungs and airways. ## What symptoms are related to a cough? The symptoms that come with a cough will vary. It depends on what is causing your cough. You can have a productive (chesty) or non-productive (dry) cough. A non-productive cough does not have any mucus or phlegm. A productive or wet cough is a type of cough that makes mucus. It may cause a feeling of congestion or tightness in your chest. When you have a productive cough, you cough up mucus. This is known as phlegm (the word sounds like 'flem'). The phlegm comes up from your lungs and lower airways. A productive cough is not necessarily a sign of a more serious illness. You may not need [antibiotics](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/antibiotics) or other treatments. However, a productive cough can sometimes indicate a serious problem like [pneumonia](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/pneumonia) or [heart failure](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/heart-failure). Coughing that lasts for more than 3 weeks may also be a sign of a health problem. See your doctor if there is no other reason for your cough. [CHECK YOUR SYMPTOMS — Use the Symptom Checker and find out if you need to seek medical help.](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/symptom-checker) ## What causes a cough? There are many different causes for a cough. ### Short-term cough (less than 3 weeks) The most common cause of a short-term (acute) cough is a viral infection. Viruses can infect your nose, nasal passages, mouth, throat and voice box. This area of your body is called the 'upper respiratory tract'. These viruses often then spread to your lungs. The common cold and flu viruses cause infections in the upper respiratory tract. The infection causes inflammation or redness in your throat, windpipe (trachea) or lungs. In healthy people, this type of cough normally goes away on its own within 2 to 3 weeks. Other causes of short-term cough (lasting less than 3 weeks) can be: - [COVID-19](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/covid-19) - [laryngitis](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/laryngitis) — an inflammation of your larynx (voice box) from infection, overuse or irritation - [sinusitis](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/sinusitis) - [whooping cough (pertussis)](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/whooping-cough) - infections in the airways and lungs, such as [bronchitis](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/bronchitis) and [pneumonia](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/pneumonia) - [asthma](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/asthma-in-adolescents-and-adults) that is not well controlled ### Persistent cough A persistent cough (lasting more than 8 weeks) is also known as a 'chronic cough'. It may be caused by a health issue. Sometimes the cough reflex may become sensitised. This can cause an ongoing cough to develop. Some of the common respiratory causes of persistent cough are: - Post-viral cough — following a viral respiratory tract infection. - Asthma — this may be called 'cough-variant asthma'. - Ongoing sinusitis or [post-nasal drip](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/post-nasal-drip) (also called upper airway cough syndrome) — mucus drips down the throat. The mucus comes from the back of the nose or sinuses. - Habit cough (now known as 'somatic cough syndrome') — there is no underlying disease that causes the cough. Habit cough occurs most commonly in children. It goes away when the child is asleep. - [Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/copd) — ongoing blockage of the airflow in the lungs that interferes with breathing. - Infections such as [whooping cough](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/whooping-cough) (pertussis). Cough can also be caused by: - [Lung cancer](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/lung-cancer) or cancer of the larynx. - [Bronchiectasis](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/bronchiectasis) — where the airways are damaged. You can't clear mucus properly, which leads to chest infections. It can cause a productive cough ('phlegm cough'). - [Tuberculosis](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/tuberculosis) and other chronic infections. - [Cystic fibrosis](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/cystic-fibrosis-cf) — a genetic condition that affects your lungs. - [Silicosis](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/silicosis) — a long-term lung disease that is caused by breathing in silica dust. Other causes of cough include: - [Reflux (GORD)](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/gord-reflux) — this happens when stomach acid comes up into the windpipe. It can cause irritation. - [Obstructive sleep apnoea](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/obstructive-sleep-apnoea) — a common sleep disorder which causes snoring and stop-start breathing during sleep. - Some medicines — such as ACE inhibitors. Talk with your doctor about this as alternative medicines may be available that do not cause a cough. - [Heart failure](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/heart-failure) — a condition where your heart muscle is weak and can't pump blood around your body properly. ## When should I see my doctor? You should seek medical care if you: - have a cough that lasts for more than 3 weeks - are short of breath or have [chest pain](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/chest-pain) or unexplained [tiredness](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/fatigue) - [cough up blood](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/haemoptysis-coughing-up-blood), mucus, or phlegm - have trouble sleeping because of coughing - have unexplained problems like weight loss or a [fever](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/fever) If your child has a cough, see a doctor if they have: - a cough that starts suddenly — it may be due to [breathing in a small object](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/inhaled-substance-or-object) - a cough that lasts longer than 2 weeks, with or without a cold - a cough that interferes a lot with their sleep or daily life - trouble breathing - a high [fever](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/fever-and-high-temperature-in-children) - sleepiness and tiredness, and they seem unwell - fewer wet nappies than usual or are not drinking much ### When to seek urgent care Call triple zero (000) for an ambulance if your child: - has a change in skin colour, turning blue or very pale - is having trouble breathing - is drowsy or does not respond - is choking [FIND A HEALTH SERVICE — The Service Finder can help you find doctors, pharmacies, hospitals and other health services.](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/australian-health-services) ## How is a cough treated? Treatment for a cough depends on the cause. Your doctor will want to treat any underlying health issue that is causing a long-term (persistent) cough. There may be triggers or activities that make the symptoms of a persistent cough worse. These should be avoided. ### Self-management There are some things you can do to relieve the symptoms of cough: - Stay well hydrated — it's important to [drink plenty of water](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/dehydration). If you have an existing health condition, check with your doctor about how much water is right for you. - Rest and avoid vigorous activity until symptoms go away. - Have some honey — it may help to reduce the severity and length of time you have the cough. One to 2 teaspoons of honey taken 30 minutes before bedtime may be helpful. It has been shown to help children with cough. But honey should never be given to children aged under 12 months. ### Cough medicines There are many cough remedies and over-the-counter medicines for cough. They are not generally helpful in treating short-term cough. They may have side effects. Cough medicines may be harmful to young children. The Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) says that cough and cold medicines should NOT be given to children younger than 6 years. Examples of these medicines are: - cough suppressants - antihistamines - decongestants There is not much evidence that these medicines are helpful for a cough. Older children aged 6 to 11 years can be given cough and cold medicines. BUT children should only be given these medicines if advised by a health practitioner. This could be a doctor, pharmacist or nurse practitioner. ### Antibiotics Most short-term coughs are due to [viral infections](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/viral-infections) of the upper respiratory tract. These coughs usually go away on their own. Antibiotics do not help viral infections because they don't kill viruses. Antibiotics may do harm in these circumstances. ### Other remedies There are many common cold and cough remedies that do not work. They do not have good scientific evidence to support their use. Examples of these are vitamin C, salt therapy, steam inhalation and humidifiers. Honey has been shown to be helpful for children (over 12 months) with cough. ### Smoking Smoking or breathing other people's smoke can make cough symptoms worse. Try to avoid being around people who are smoking. If you are a smoker, try to cut down or quit. For advice on [quitting smoking](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/quit-smoking-vaping), visit the [Quit Now](http://www.quitnow.gov.au/internet/quitnow/publishing.nsf/Content/home) website. ## How can I prevent a cough? You can't prevent a cough caused by cold, flu or COVID-19. However, you can lower your chances of getting sick in the first place. ### Self-care Wearing a face mask is likely to reduce your risk of catching a respiratory virus. You may want to wear a mask when you're in a high-risk setting such as: - in crowded areas - on public transport - waiting to see your doctor Good ventilation and cleaning (filtration) the air in a room can help to reduce the risk of spreading a virus. At home, you can open doors and windows to allow a good flow of air. You may also want to use an air purifier to reduce the risk of other people catching the virus. You can help stop the spread of respiratory viruses by: - staying away from people who are coughing or [sneezing](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/sneezing) - coughing or sneezing into a tissue - using good [hand hygiene](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/hand-washing) (wash your hands often) - staying home when sick ### Vaccination Adults and children can get vaccinated against some bacterial infections that cause coughing. Vaccines are available against the bacteria that cause whooping cough (pertussis) and pneumococcal disease. You can also get vaccinated against COVID-19 and influenza. Keep your children up to date with their vaccines. Adults should also talk to their doctor about vaccines. ### Medicines If you think a cough is caused by a side effect of a medicine, see your doctor. A different medicine may be available. If a cough is caused by asthma, correct [asthma treatment](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/asthma-in-adolescents-and-adults) can help. ### Smoking Tobacco smoke is a significant trigger for cough. Avoid cigarette smoke. Things in the environment and workplace can also cause asthma-related coughs. ### Pollen Stay indoors if there is a high pollen count in the environment. ## Complications of a cough An ongoing or intense cough can cause complications. These include: - sleep disruption - headache - hoarseness and [laryngitis](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/laryngitis) - [urinary incontinence](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/urinary-incontinence) - back and chest pain - fractured rib ## Resources and support You can call the healthdirect helpline on 1800 022 222 (known as NURSE-ON-CALL in Victoria). A registered nurse is available to speak with 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. #### Sources: Therapeutic Guidelines [(Cough in adults)](https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?etgAccess=true&guidelinePage=Respiratory&topicfile=cough&guidelinename=Respiratory&sectionId=toc_d1e371#toc_d1e371 "Cough in adults"), NHMRC [(Breaking the chain of infection)](https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/reports/clinical%20guidelines/ch55a-breaking-infection-info-sheet.pdf "Breaking the chain of infection"), Lung Foundation Australia [(Chronic cough)](https://lungfoundation.com.au/lung-health/lung-disease/chronic-cough/ "Chronic cough"), Lung Foundation Australia [(Managing a persistent cough)](https://lungfoundation.com.au/blog/managing-a-persistent-cough "Managing a persistent cough"), Asthma Australia [(Asthma triggers)](https://asthma.org.au/triggers/wood-heaters-woodfires-and-bushfires "Asthma triggers"), The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne [(Cough)](https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/cough "Cough"), Asthma Australia [(Asthma triggers – Hay fever and pollen)](https://asthma.org.au/triggers/hay-fever-and-pollen "Asthma triggers – Hay fever and pollen"), Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care [(Immunisation for adults)](https://www.health.gov.au/topics/immunisation/when-to-get-vaccinated/immunisation-for-adults "Immunisation for adults"), Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care [(National Immunisation Program Schedule)](https://www.health.gov.au/topics/immunisation/when-to-get-vaccinated/national-immunisation-program-schedule "National Immunisation Program Schedule"), Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care [(What are the effects of smoking and tobacco?)](https://www.health.gov.au/topics/smoking-vaping-and-tobacco/about-smoking/effects "What are the effects of smoking and tobacco?") Learn more here about the [development and quality assurance of healthdirect content](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/about-our-content). Last reviewed: December 2023 [Back To Top](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/cough#backToTop) ## Search our site for - [Common Cold](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/search-results/Common%20Cold "Search results for: Common Cold") - [Coronavirus (COVID-19)](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/search-results/Coronavirus%20\(COVID-19\) "Search results for: Coronavirus (COVID-19)") - [Respiratory Tract Infections](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/search-results/Respiratory%20Tract%20Infections "Search results for: Respiratory Tract Infections") - [Bronchitis](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/search-results/Bronchitis "Search results for: Bronchitis") - [Cough and cold medicines](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/search-results/Cough%20and%20cold%20medicines "Search results for: Cough and cold medicines") - [Cough suppressants](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/search-results/Cough%20suppressants "Search results for: Cough suppressants") - [SARS](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/search-results/SARS "Search results for: SARS") - [Pleurisy](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/search-results/Pleurisy "Search results for: Pleurisy") - [Croup](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/search-results/Croup "Search results for: Croup") - [Melioidosis](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/search-results/Melioidosis "Search results for: Melioidosis") ## Need more information? These trusted information partners have more on this topic. General search results Results for medical professionals Top results [Coughs in babies Your baby’s cough is a symptom of many different conditions, some urgent, read ahead for tips to relieve their cough, treatment and prevention. Read more on Pregnancy,Birth & Baby website ![Pregnancy,Birth & Baby](https://media.healthdirect.org.au/images/logos/h40/PBB_logo.png)](https://www.pregnancybirthbaby.org.au/coughs-in-babies) [Whooping Cough - Immunisation Coalition Whooping cough (pertussis) is a highly contagious infection that can be life-threatening for babies. Learn how it spreads, recognise early symptoms, and find out how vaccination protects infants, children, and adults under the National Immunisation Program. Read more on Immunisation Coalition website ![Immunisation Coalition](https://media.healthdirect.org.au/images/logos/h40/immunisation-coalition-logo-84853b.png)](https://immunisationcoalition.org.au/diseases/whooping-cough-2/) [Whooping Cough \\| Pathology Tests Explained This is a group of tests that are performed to detect and diagnose a Bordetella pertussis infection. B. pertussis is a bacterium that targets the lungs, typi Read more on Pathology Tests Explained website ![Pathology Tests Explained](https://media.healthdirect.org.au/images/logos/h40/ptex-horizontal-logo-colored_large-81dfe0.png)](https://ptex.au/ptests-pro.php?q=Whooping+Cough) [Whooping cough: babies, children & teens \\| Raising Children Network Whooping cough starts like a cold, followed by a cough with a whooping sound. Immunisation protects children, but see a GP if your child develops symptoms. Read more on raisingchildren.net.au website ![raisingchildren.net.au](https://media.healthdirect.org.au/images/logos/h40/raising-children_logo-f6777f.png)](https://raisingchildren.net.au/guides/a-z-health-reference/whooping-cough) [What every parent should know about coughs, colds, earaches and sore throats - NPS MedicineWise Children's coughs, colds, earaches and sore throats can worry you and make them miserable. Find out how to help your child feel better, and when to seek further advice. Read more on NPS MedicineWise website ![NPS MedicineWise](https://media.healthdirect.org.au/images/logos/h40/nps_logo-54f847.png)](https://www.nps.org.au/consumers/what-every-parent-should-know-about-coughs-colds-earaches-and-sore-throats) [Kids Health Info : Whooping cough Read more on Royal Children's Hospital website ![Royal Children's Hospital](https://media.healthdirect.org.au/images/logos/h40/rch_logo-064d92.png)](https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/whooping_cough/) [Dry coughs - myDr.com.au A dry cough is non-productive and irritating, and sometimes causes a tickly throat. Find out what products are available for a dry cough. Read more on myDoctor website ![myDoctor](https://media.healthdirect.org.au/images/logos/h40/mydoctor-new_logo-1f39cc.png)](https://mydr.com.au/pharmacy-care/dry-coughs/) [Cough: productive or 'wet' cough - myDr.com.au A productive or 'wet' cough brings up mucus or phlegm. Find out the causes and when to see the doctor. Read more on myDoctor website ![myDoctor](https://media.healthdirect.org.au/images/logos/h40/mydoctor-new_logo-1f39cc.png)](https://mydr.com.au/respiratory-health/cough-productive-or-wet-cough/) [Cough: productive or 'wet' cough treatments - myDr.com.au Treatment for a productive or wet cough: find out about different treatments and what not to do. Read more on myDoctor website ![myDoctor](https://media.healthdirect.org.au/images/logos/h40/mydoctor-new_logo-1f39cc.png)](https://mydr.com.au/respiratory-health/cough-productive-or-wet-cough-treatments/) [Chesty coughs - myDr.com.au When you have a chesty cough (wet, productive or phlegmy) your chest feels heavy and you may cough up mucus or phlegm. Find out what products are available for a chesty cough. Read more on myDoctor website ![myDoctor](https://media.healthdirect.org.au/images/logos/h40/mydoctor-new_logo-1f39cc.png)](https://mydr.com.au/respiratory-health/chesty-coughs/) Show more Top results [Breathing and Coughing Exercises for Hospitalised Patients Hospitalised patients with respiratory conditions, particularly those who have undergone chest or abdominal surgery, should perform breathing and coughing exercises in order to prevent further issues and complications. Read more on Ausmed Education website ![Ausmed Education](https://media.healthdirect.org.au/images/logos/h40/ausmed-new-logo-872e67.png)](https://www.ausmed.com/learn/articles/breathing-exercises) Show more ## Disclaimer Healthdirect Australia is not responsible for the content and advertising on the external website you are now entering. [OK]() ## Search our site for - [Common Cold](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/search-results/Common%20Cold "Search results for: Common Cold") - [Coronavirus (COVID-19)](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/search-results/Coronavirus%20\(COVID-19\) "Search results for: Coronavirus (COVID-19)") - [Respiratory Tract Infections](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/search-results/Respiratory%20Tract%20Infections "Search results for: Respiratory Tract Infections") - [Bronchitis](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/search-results/Bronchitis "Search results for: Bronchitis") - [Cough and cold medicines](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/search-results/Cough%20and%20cold%20medicines "Search results for: Cough and cold medicines") - [Cough suppressants](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/search-results/Cough%20suppressants "Search results for: Cough suppressants") - [SARS](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/search-results/SARS "Search results for: SARS") - [Pleurisy](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/search-results/Pleurisy "Search results for: Pleurisy") - [Croup](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/search-results/Croup "Search results for: Croup") - [Melioidosis](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/search-results/Melioidosis "Search results for: Melioidosis") ## Symptom checker Is it a cold or the flu? 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Readable Markdown	## Key facts - Coughing is how your body cleans the lungs and airways. - You can have a non-productive (dry) cough or a productive (chesty) cough. - Coughing that lasts for more than 3 weeks may be a sign of a health problem. ## On this page - [What is a cough?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/cough#what-is) - [What symptoms are related to a cough?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/cough#symptoms) - [What causes a cough?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/cough#causes) - [When should I see my doctor?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/cough#doctor) - [How is a cough treated?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/cough#treatment) - [How can I prevent a cough?](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/cough#prevention) - [Complications of a cough](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/cough#complications) - [Resources and support](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/cough#resources) - [Related information on Australian websites](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/cough#searchGeneralResults) ## What is a cough? Coughing is a protective reflex. It can remove dust and other things that have been breathed in. A cough can also get rid of mucus from your throat and chest. Coughing is how your body cleans the lungs and airways. ## What symptoms are related to a cough? The symptoms that come with a cough will vary. It depends on what is causing your cough. You can have a productive (chesty) or non-productive (dry) cough. A non-productive cough does not have any mucus or phlegm. A productive or wet cough is a type of cough that makes mucus. It may cause a feeling of congestion or tightness in your chest. When you have a productive cough, you cough up mucus. This is known as phlegm (the word sounds like 'flem'). The phlegm comes up from your lungs and lower airways. A productive cough is not necessarily a sign of a more serious illness. You may not need [antibiotics](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/antibiotics) or other treatments. However, a productive cough can sometimes indicate a serious problem like [pneumonia](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/pneumonia) or [heart failure](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/heart-failure). Coughing that lasts for more than 3 weeks may also be a sign of a health problem. See your doctor if there is no other reason for your cough. [CHECK YOUR SYMPTOMS — Use the Symptom Checker and find out if you need to seek medical help.](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/symptom-checker) ## What causes a cough? There are many different causes for a cough. ### Short-term cough (less than 3 weeks) The most common cause of a short-term (acute) cough is a viral infection. Viruses can infect your nose, nasal passages, mouth, throat and voice box. This area of your body is called the 'upper respiratory tract'. These viruses often then spread to your lungs. The common cold and flu viruses cause infections in the upper respiratory tract. The infection causes inflammation or redness in your throat, windpipe (trachea) or lungs. In healthy people, this type of cough normally goes away on its own within 2 to 3 weeks. Other causes of short-term cough (lasting less than 3 weeks) can be: - [COVID-19](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/covid-19) - [laryngitis](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/laryngitis) — an inflammation of your larynx (voice box) from infection, overuse or irritation - [sinusitis](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/sinusitis) - [whooping cough (pertussis)](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/whooping-cough) - infections in the airways and lungs, such as [bronchitis](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/bronchitis) and [pneumonia](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/pneumonia) - [asthma](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/asthma-in-adolescents-and-adults) that is not well controlled ### Persistent cough A persistent cough (lasting more than 8 weeks) is also known as a 'chronic cough'. It may be caused by a health issue. Sometimes the cough reflex may become sensitised. This can cause an ongoing cough to develop. Some of the common respiratory causes of persistent cough are: - Post-viral cough — following a viral respiratory tract infection. - Asthma — this may be called 'cough-variant asthma'. - Ongoing sinusitis or [post-nasal drip](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/post-nasal-drip) (also called upper airway cough syndrome) — mucus drips down the throat. The mucus comes from the back of the nose or sinuses. - Habit cough (now known as 'somatic cough syndrome') — there is no underlying disease that causes the cough. Habit cough occurs most commonly in children. It goes away when the child is asleep. - [Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/copd) — ongoing blockage of the airflow in the lungs that interferes with breathing. - Infections such as [whooping cough](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/whooping-cough) (pertussis). Cough can also be caused by: - [Lung cancer](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/lung-cancer) or cancer of the larynx. - [Bronchiectasis](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/bronchiectasis) — where the airways are damaged. You can't clear mucus properly, which leads to chest infections. It can cause a productive cough ('phlegm cough'). - [Tuberculosis](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/tuberculosis) and other chronic infections. - [Cystic fibrosis](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/cystic-fibrosis-cf) — a genetic condition that affects your lungs. - [Silicosis](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/silicosis) — a long-term lung disease that is caused by breathing in silica dust. Other causes of cough include: - [Reflux (GORD)](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/gord-reflux) — this happens when stomach acid comes up into the windpipe. It can cause irritation. - [Obstructive sleep apnoea](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/obstructive-sleep-apnoea) — a common sleep disorder which causes snoring and stop-start breathing during sleep. - Some medicines — such as ACE inhibitors. Talk with your doctor about this as alternative medicines may be available that do not cause a cough. - [Heart failure](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/heart-failure) — a condition where your heart muscle is weak and can't pump blood around your body properly. ## When should I see my doctor? You should seek medical care if you: - have a cough that lasts for more than 3 weeks - are short of breath or have [chest pain](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/chest-pain) or unexplained [tiredness](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/fatigue) - [cough up blood](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/haemoptysis-coughing-up-blood), mucus, or phlegm - have trouble sleeping because of coughing - have unexplained problems like weight loss or a [fever](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/fever) If your child has a cough, see a doctor if they have: - a cough that starts suddenly — it may be due to [breathing in a small object](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/inhaled-substance-or-object) - a cough that lasts longer than 2 weeks, with or without a cold - a cough that interferes a lot with their sleep or daily life - trouble breathing - a high [fever](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/fever-and-high-temperature-in-children) - sleepiness and tiredness, and they seem unwell - fewer wet nappies than usual or are not drinking much ### When to seek urgent care Call triple zero (000) for an ambulance if your child: - has a change in skin colour, turning blue or very pale - is having trouble breathing - is drowsy or does not respond - is choking [FIND A HEALTH SERVICE — The Service Finder can help you find doctors, pharmacies, hospitals and other health services.](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/australian-health-services) ## How is a cough treated? Treatment for a cough depends on the cause. Your doctor will want to treat any underlying health issue that is causing a long-term (persistent) cough. There may be triggers or activities that make the symptoms of a persistent cough worse. These should be avoided. ### Self-management There are some things you can do to relieve the symptoms of cough: - Stay well hydrated — it's important to [drink plenty of water](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/dehydration). If you have an existing health condition, check with your doctor about how much water is right for you. - Rest and avoid vigorous activity until symptoms go away. - Have some honey — it may help to reduce the severity and length of time you have the cough. One to 2 teaspoons of honey taken 30 minutes before bedtime may be helpful. It has been shown to help children with cough. But honey should never be given to children aged under 12 months. ### Cough medicines There are many cough remedies and over-the-counter medicines for cough. They are not generally helpful in treating short-term cough. They may have side effects. Cough medicines may be harmful to young children. The Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) says that cough and cold medicines should NOT be given to children younger than 6 years. Examples of these medicines are: - cough suppressants - antihistamines - decongestants There is not much evidence that these medicines are helpful for a cough. Older children aged 6 to 11 years can be given cough and cold medicines. BUT children should only be given these medicines if advised by a health practitioner. This could be a doctor, pharmacist or nurse practitioner. ### Antibiotics Most short-term coughs are due to [viral infections](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/viral-infections) of the upper respiratory tract. These coughs usually go away on their own. Antibiotics do not help viral infections because they don't kill viruses. Antibiotics may do harm in these circumstances. ### Other remedies There are many common cold and cough remedies that do not work. They do not have good scientific evidence to support their use. Examples of these are vitamin C, salt therapy, steam inhalation and humidifiers. Honey has been shown to be helpful for children (over 12 months) with cough. ### Smoking Smoking or breathing other people's smoke can make cough symptoms worse. Try to avoid being around people who are smoking. If you are a smoker, try to cut down or quit. For advice on [quitting smoking](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/quit-smoking-vaping), visit the [Quit Now](http://www.quitnow.gov.au/internet/quitnow/publishing.nsf/Content/home) website. ## How can I prevent a cough? You can't prevent a cough caused by cold, flu or COVID-19. However, you can lower your chances of getting sick in the first place. ### Self-care Wearing a face mask is likely to reduce your risk of catching a respiratory virus. You may want to wear a mask when you're in a high-risk setting such as: - in crowded areas - on public transport - waiting to see your doctor Good ventilation and cleaning (filtration) the air in a room can help to reduce the risk of spreading a virus. At home, you can open doors and windows to allow a good flow of air. You may also want to use an air purifier to reduce the risk of other people catching the virus. You can help stop the spread of respiratory viruses by: - staying away from people who are coughing or [sneezing](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/sneezing) - coughing or sneezing into a tissue - using good [hand hygiene](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/hand-washing) (wash your hands often) - staying home when sick ### Vaccination Adults and children can get vaccinated against some bacterial infections that cause coughing. Vaccines are available against the bacteria that cause whooping cough (pertussis) and pneumococcal disease. You can also get vaccinated against COVID-19 and influenza. Keep your children up to date with their vaccines. Adults should also talk to their doctor about vaccines. ### Medicines If you think a cough is caused by a side effect of a medicine, see your doctor. A different medicine may be available. If a cough is caused by asthma, correct [asthma treatment](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/asthma-in-adolescents-and-adults) can help. ### Smoking Tobacco smoke is a significant trigger for cough. Avoid cigarette smoke. Things in the environment and workplace can also cause asthma-related coughs. ### Pollen Stay indoors if there is a high pollen count in the environment. ## Complications of a cough An ongoing or intense cough can cause complications. These include: - sleep disruption - headache - hoarseness and [laryngitis](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/laryngitis) - [urinary incontinence](https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/urinary-incontinence) - back and chest pain - fractured rib ## Resources and support You can call the healthdirect helpline on 1800 022 222 (known as NURSE-ON-CALL in Victoria). A registered nurse is available to speak with 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
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