🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 167 (from laksa059)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa167.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.grammarly.com/blog/citations/cite-website-apa/\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.grammarly.com/blog/citations/cite-website-apa/\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/blog\/citations\/cite-website-apa\/","crawl_time":1776487178,"first_indexed_time":1723158517,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"com,grammarly!www,\/blog\/citations\/cite-website-apa\/ s443","src_root_hash":"16763759176533263367","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"How to Cite a Website in APA Format, with Examples | Grammarly","meta_descriptions":["Learn how to cite a website in APA format. Make sure to include the author and date. Find out more about website citations in APA format here."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"To cite a website in\nAPA format\n, you must include the\nauthor’s name\n, the\npublication date\n, the\npage or article title\n, the\nwebsite’s name\n, and the\nURL\n,\nin that order\n. This is the basic information you use whether you’re citing a web page, blog post, online article, online video, or even a social media post; however, the format changes slightly for each, which we explain below. \nTo cite websites in APA (7th edition, the most recent), use this formula when listing sources in the\nbibliography\nor on the reference page: \nLast name of author, First name initial. (Year, Month Day of publication). Title of\narticle or post. Website name. URL with active https link\nLet’s look at an example so you know precisely how to cite websites in APA format. Say you want to use our blog post on\npunctuation\nas a source. When you plug in this article’s information using the above formula, it should look like this: \nKramer, L. (2021, April 9). Punctuation: Everything you need to know.\nGrammarly\n. \nhttps:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/blog\/punctuation\/\nIn APA reference citations,\ntitles use the sentence case\nexcept for\nperiodicals\n(newspapers, magazines, scholarly journals, etc.), so capitalize only the first word of a title, the first word after a colon, or proper nouns. In text, however, use the standard title case.\nThe in-line citations for a website in APA format are even easier. Simply use this formula: \n(Author’s last name, Year of publication)\nUsing the example above, the in-line citation would read:\n(Kramer, 2021) \nIf you’re using the author’s name in your text when\nwriting a research paper\n, you don’t need to repeat it in the citation—the year alone in parenthesis is acceptable. \nAs Kramer explained, apostrophes are used for both possessive nouns and\ncontractions (2021). \nThat covers the basics of how to cite a website in APA format for both\nprimary and secondary sources\n. However, there’s still a lot of variation, like when to italicize and how to cite sources without authors or dates. Let’s take a closer look at these specifics. \nHere’s a tip:\nCitations can be tricky, but they don’t have to trip you up. Grammarly’s\nCitation Generator\nensures your essays have flawless citations and no plagiarism.\nHow to cite a website in APA format: Blogs and articles from print publications \nThe first thing to ask yourself when citing websites in APA format is whether the source is an online version of a print publication or an online-only news site.\nThe New York Times\n,\nThe Wall Street Journal\n,\nand\nThe\nGuardian\nare examples of newspapers that publish both in print and online. \nIf the text comes from an online version of a print article, cite it on the reference page the same way you would a blog post—just like our example above. The reason it’s important is that, with blogs and websites for print publications,\nyou italicize the name of the website\n, not the article title.  \nBrown, D. (2022, May 1). Quitting Twitter? What people say about life after social\nmedia.\nThe Wall Street\nJournal\n. https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/quitting-\ntwitter-\nwhat-people-say-about-life-after-social-\nmedia-11651415387\nIn-line citations are the same regardless. \n(Brown, 2022)\nHow to cite a website in APA format: Online-only news sites\nIf, however, your source is available only online and is\nnot\na\nblog\n,\nitalicize the name of the article\n, not the website. This is the case for popular online news sites like\nHuffPost\n,\nBBC News\n, and\nVox\n, because none of them publish print periodicals. The order of the information remains the same.\nMatthews, D. (2022, April 28).\nAn expert on why wars start, and how to prevent\nthem.\nVox. https:\/\/www.vox.com\/future-perfect\/2022\/4\/28\/23041726\/chris-\nblattman-why-we-fight-war-peace\nNothing changes for the in-line citation. \n(Matthews, 2022)\nHow to cite a website in APA format: Video\nCiting video sources in APA format is a little different because you have to specify, in brackets, that the source is a video. You can also use the name of the channel if there’s no specific author. To cite video content, use this formula: \nAuthor or channel. (Year, Month Day of publication).\nTitle of the video in italics\n[Video]. Website that hosts the video. URL \nLet’s use\nour YouTube video\nas an example of how to cite an online video in APA format. Notice that “[Video]” comes after the title, but before the period. \nGrammarly. (2022, February 2).\nCommunicate like a pro | Win at work with\nGrammarly\n[Video]\n.\nYouTube. https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?\nv=MVuKxKvniME\nFor in-line citations, follow the same format as above. If there is no specific author, use the channel’s name in place of an author’s. \n(Grammarly, 2022)\nHow to cite a website in APA format: Social media\nCiting social media works differently because there’s a wider array of content. As with videos, you have to specify the type of content, such as a status update, tweet, or reel, and mention whether the post includes videos, images, polls, etc. \nIn-line citations remain the same\n, so our main concern is how to reference the sources in the bibliography. Let’s look at the specific formulas for Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook. \nHow to cite Twitter in APA format\nTwitter citations in APA include the word “Tweet” in brackets, the user’s Twitter handle, and up to 20 words of the actual tweet (including hashtags). Attachments can be written as “[Video attached],” “[Image attached],” or “[Poll attached].”\nAuthor or channel. [@Twitter handle]. (Year, Month Day of publication).\nThe first 20\nwords of the tweet\nin italics\n[Media attachments] [Tweet]. Twitter. URL\nAs an example, let’s use\none of our Twitter Polls\nto illustrate how to include attachments. \nGrammarly. [@Grammarly]. (2022, April 20).\nWhat’s the most overused email\nphrase?\n[Poll attached] [Tweet]. Twitter.\nhttps:\/\/twitter.com\/Grammarly\/status\/1516818998070964225\nHow to cite Instagram in APA format\nInstagram posts are cited in APA format largely the same way as tweets. Keep in mind that you must specify the type of content: “[Photographs],” “[Video],” “[Reels],” etc. \nAuthor or channel. [@Instagram handle]. (Year, Month Day of publication).\nThe\nfirst 20 words of the caption in italics\n[Type of content]. Instagram. URL\nIn this example, let’s use one of author Margaret Atwood’s Instagram reels. The publication date of content like reels is often unavailable, so simply use “n.d.” for “no date.” \nAtwood, M. [@therealmargaretatwood]. (n.d.).\nAre you in? The deadline for\nPractical Utopias: an Exploration of the Possible is tomorrow, December 31st\nto join us\n[Reels]. Instagram. https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CYHcOQZtwxX\/\nigshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y=\nHow to cite Facebook in APA format\nFacebook posts follow many of the same APA-format rules as other social media, including mentions of media attachments. The “post type” can refer to status updates, videos, photos, infographics, etc. \nAuthor or channel. (Year, Month Day of publication).\nThe first 20 words of the post\nin italics\n[Media attached] [Post type]. Facebook. URL\nThis example comes from a posted photo, so the post type is “Image.” \nTakei, G. (2014, January 17).\nEarly grammar police\n[Image attached] [Image].\nFacebook. \nhttps:\/\/www.facebook.com\/georgehtakei\/photos\/a.209629375733190\/849667811729340\/\nHow to cite websites with no authors in APA format\nNot all articles and websites list specific authors, but these can still be valid\nsources\n. In this case, use the website’s name in place of an author’s. \nWebsite name. (Year, Month Day of publication).\nTitle of article or post in italics\n.\nURL\nWhen\nwriting\nout the reference page citation, you can omit the website’s name before the URL since it’s already listed. \nGrammarly. (2021, January 14).\nWhat Is a Noun?\nhttps:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/blog\/nouns\/\nContinue to use the website’s name in place of the author’s for in-line citations. \n(Grammarly, 2021)\nHow to cite websites with multiple authors in APA format\nThere are different APA formats for citing sources with one author, two authors, between three and 20 authors, and more than 21 authors. We’ve already covered how to cite websites with one author in APA format, so let’s look at the others. \nHow to cite a website in APA format: Two authors\nWith two authors, separate the names with an\nampersand\nboth on the reference page and in the in-line citation.  \nReference page:\nLareau, A. & Conway, E.\nIn-line citation:\n(Lareau & Conway, 2003)\nHow to cite a website in APA format: 3–20 authors\nOn the reference page, list all the authors, separated by commas and with an ampersand before the last. For the in-line citation, list the first author followed by “et al.”\nReference page: \nChase, R., Freidman, C., & Lincoln, M. \nIn-line citation:\n(Chase et al., 1973)\nHow to cite a website in APA format: More than 20 authors\nAlthough rare, if your source has more than 20 authors, list only the first 20 on the reference page, followed by an\nellipsis\n, and then the final author credited. \nWriter, A., Writer, B., Writer, C., Writer, D., Writer, E., Writer, F., Writer, G., Writer, H.,\nWriter, I., Writer, J., Writer, K., Writer, L., Writer, M., Writer, N., Writer, O., Writer,\nP., Writer, Q., Writer, R., Writer, S., Writer, T., . . . Writer, Z.\nThe in-line citation is written the same way as citations for 3–20 authors. \n(Writer et al., 2022)\nHow to cite websites with no dates in APA format\nNo publication date? No problem! In APA format, you can simply write “n.d.” (which stands for “no date”) in place of the actual date in both reference-page citations and in-line citations. Note that “n.d.” has no spaces. \nReference page\n:\nGrammarly. (n.d.).\nAbout Us\n.\nhttps:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/about\nIn-line citation: \n(Grammarly, n.d.)","attrs_markdown":"- Product\n  \n  - Learn\n    - [Features](https:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/features)\n    - [AI agents](https:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/ai-agents)\n    - [AI assistant](https:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/go-ai-assistant)\n    - [AI at Grammarly](https:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/ai)\n    - [Trust & security](https:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/trust)\n    - [Superhuman](https:\/\/superhuman.com\/)\n  - Use Grammarly\n    - [Docs](https:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/docs)\n    - [Desktop](https:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/desktop)\n    - [Mobile](https:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/mobile)\n    - [Browser](https:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/browser)\n    - [Languages](https:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/languages)\n- Work\n  \n  - By team size\n    - [Enterprise](https:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/business\/enterprise)\n    - [Teams & businesses](https:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/business)\n    - [Individuals](https:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/professionals)\n  - 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This is the basic information you use whether you’re citing a web page, blog post, online article, online video, or even a social media post; however, the format changes slightly for each, which we explain below.  To cite websites in APA (7th edition, the most recent), use this formula when listing sources in the [bibliography](https:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/blog\/citations\/bibliography\/) or on the reference page:\n\nLast name of author, First name initial. (Year, Month Day of publication). Title of article or post. Website name. URL with active https link\n\nLet’s look at an example so you know precisely how to cite websites in APA format. Say you want to use our blog post on [punctuation](https:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/blog\/punctuation-capitalization\/punctuation\/) as a source. When you plug in this article’s information using the above formula, it should look like this:\n\nKramer, L. (2021, April 9). Punctuation: Everything you need to know. Grammarly. https:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/blog\/punctuation\/\n\nIn APA reference citations, **titles use the sentence case** ***except for*** **periodicals** (newspapers, magazines, scholarly journals, etc.), so capitalize only the first word of a title, the first word after a colon, or proper nouns. In text, however, use the standard title case.\n\nThe in-line citations for a website in APA format are even easier. Simply use this formula:\n\n(Author’s last name, Year of publication)\n\nUsing the example above, the in-line citation would read:\n\n(Kramer, 2021)\n\nIf you’re using the author’s name in your text when [writing a research paper](https:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/blog\/academic-writing\/how-to-write-a-research-paper\/), you don’t need to repeat it in the citation—the year alone in parenthesis is acceptable.\n\nAs Kramer explained, apostrophes are used for both possessive nouns and contractions (2021).\n\nThat covers the basics of how to cite a website in APA format for both [primary and secondary sources](https:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/blog\/citations\/primary-and-secondary-sources\/). However, there’s still a lot of variation, like when to italicize and how to cite sources without authors or dates. Let’s take a closer look at these specifics.\n\n**Here’s a tip:**Citations can be tricky, but they don’t have to trip you up. Grammarly’s [Citation Generator](https:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/citations) ensures your essays have flawless citations and no plagiarism.\n\n## How to cite a website in APA format: Blogs and articles from print publications\nThe first thing to ask yourself when citing websites in APA format is whether the source is an online version of a print publication or an online-only news site. *The New York Times*, *The Wall Street Journal*, and *The* *Guardian* are examples of newspapers that publish both in print and online.\n\nIf the text comes from an online version of a print article, cite it on the reference page the same way you would a blog post—just like our example above. The reason it’s important is that, with blogs and websites for print publications, **you italicize the name of the website**, not the article title.\n\nBrown, D. (2022, May 1). Quitting Twitter? What people say about life after social media. *The Wall Street* *Journal*. https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/quitting-twitter-what-people-say-about-life-after-social-media-11651415387\n\nIn-line citations are the same regardless.\n\n(Brown, 2022)\n\n## How to cite a website in APA format: Online-only news sites\nIf, however, your source is available only online and is *not* a [blog](https:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/blog\/writing-tips\/how-to-write-a-blog\/), **italicize the name of the article**, not the website. This is the case for popular online news sites like *HuffPost*, *BBC News*, and *Vox*, because none of them publish print periodicals. The order of the information remains the same.\n\nMatthews, D. (2022, April 28). *An expert on why wars start, and how to prevent* *them.* Vox. https:\/\/www.vox.com\/future-perfect\/2022\/4\/28\/23041726\/chris-blattman-why-we-fight-war-peace\n\nNothing changes for the in-line citation.\n\n(Matthews, 2022)\n\n## How to cite a website in APA format: Video\nCiting video sources in APA format is a little different because you have to specify, in brackets, that the source is a video. You can also use the name of the channel if there’s no specific author. To cite video content, use this formula:\n\nAuthor or channel. (Year, Month Day of publication). *Title of the video in italics* \\[Video\\]. Website that hosts the video. URL\n\nLet’s use [our YouTube video](https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MVuKxKvniME) as an example of how to cite an online video in APA format. Notice that “\\[Video\\]” comes after the title, but before the period.\n\nGrammarly. (2022, February 2). *Communicate like a pro \\| Win at work with* *Grammarly* \\[Video\\]*.* YouTube. https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MVuKxKvniME\n\nFor in-line citations, follow the same format as above. If there is no specific author, use the channel’s name in place of an author’s.\n\n(Grammarly, 2022)\n\n## How to cite a website in APA format: Social media\nCiting social media works differently because there’s a wider array of content. As with videos, you have to specify the type of content, such as a status update, tweet, or reel, and mention whether the post includes videos, images, polls, etc.  **In-line citations remain the same**, so our main concern is how to reference the sources in the bibliography. Let’s look at the specific formulas for Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook.\n\n### How to cite Twitter in APA format\nTwitter citations in APA include the word “Tweet” in brackets, the user’s Twitter handle, and up to 20 words of the actual tweet (including hashtags). Attachments can be written as “\\[Video attached\\],” “\\[Image attached\\],” or “\\[Poll attached\\].”\n\nAuthor or channel. \\[@Twitter handle\\]. (Year, Month Day of publication). *The first 20* *words of the tweet* *in italics* \\[Media attachments\\] \\[Tweet\\]. Twitter. URL\n\nAs an example, let’s use [one of our Twitter Polls](https:\/\/www.twitter.com\/Grammarly\/status\/1516818998070964225) to illustrate how to include attachments.\n\nGrammarly. \\[@Grammarly\\]. (2022, April 20). *What’s the most overused email* *phrase?* \\[Poll attached\\] \\[Tweet\\]. Twitter. https:\/\/twitter.com\/Grammarly\/status\/1516818998070964225\n\n### How to cite Instagram in APA format\nInstagram posts are cited in APA format largely the same way as tweets. Keep in mind that you must specify the type of content: “\\[Photographs\\],” “\\[Video\\],” “\\[Reels\\],” etc.\n\nAuthor or channel. \\[@Instagram handle\\]. (Year, Month Day of publication). *The* *first 20 words of the caption in italics* \\[Type of content\\]. Instagram. URL\n\nIn this example, let’s use one of author Margaret Atwood’s Instagram reels. The publication date of content like reels is often unavailable, so simply use “n.d.” for “no date.”\n\nAtwood, M. \\[@therealmargaretatwood\\]. (n.d.). *Are you in? The deadline for* *Practical Utopias: an Exploration of the Possible is tomorrow, December 31st* *to join us* \\[Reels\\]. Instagram. https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CYHcOQZtwxX\/igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y=\n\n### How to cite Facebook in APA format\nFacebook posts follow many of the same APA-format rules as other social media, including mentions of media attachments. The “post type” can refer to status updates, videos, photos, infographics, etc.\n\nAuthor or channel. (Year, Month Day of publication). *The first 20 words of the post* *in italics* \\[Media attached\\] \\[Post type\\]. Facebook. URL\n\nThis example comes from a posted photo, so the post type is “Image.”\n\nTakei, G. (2014, January 17). *Early grammar police* \\[Image attached\\] \\[Image\\]. Facebook. https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/georgehtakei\/photos\/a.209629375733190\/849667811729340\/\n\n## How to cite websites with no authors in APA format\nNot all articles and websites list specific authors, but these can still be valid [sources](https:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/blog\/citations\/ai-citations-apa\/). In this case, use the website’s name in place of an author’s.\n\nWebsite name. (Year, Month Day of publication). *Title of article or post in italics*. URL\n\nWhen [writing](https:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/writing) out the reference page citation, you can omit the website’s name before the URL since it’s already listed.\n\nGrammarly. (2021, January 14). *What Is a Noun?* https:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/blog\/nouns\/\n\nContinue to use the website’s name in place of the author’s for in-line citations.\n\n(Grammarly, 2021)\n\n## How to cite websites with multiple authors in APA format\nThere are different APA formats for citing sources with one author, two authors, between three and 20 authors, and more than 21 authors. We’ve already covered how to cite websites with one author in APA format, so let’s look at the others.\n\n### How to cite a website in APA format: Two authors\nWith two authors, separate the names with an [ampersand](https:\/\/www.en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ampersand) both on the reference page and in the in-line citation.\n\n**Reference page:**\n\nLareau, A. & Conway, E.\n\n**In-line citation:**\n\n(Lareau & Conway, 2003)\n\n### How to cite a website in APA format: 3–20 authors\nOn the reference page, list all the authors, separated by commas and with an ampersand before the last. For the in-line citation, list the first author followed by “et al.”\n\n**Reference page:**\n\nChase, R., Freidman, C., & Lincoln, M.\n\n**In-line citation:**\n\n(Chase et al., 1973)\n\n### How to cite a website in APA format: More than 20 authors\nAlthough rare, if your source has more than 20 authors, list only the first 20 on the reference page, followed by an [ellipsis](https:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/blog\/punctuation-capitalization\/ellipsis\/), and then the final author credited.\n\nWriter, A., Writer, B., Writer, C., Writer, D., Writer, E., Writer, F., Writer, G., Writer, H., Writer, I., Writer, J., Writer, K., Writer, L., Writer, M., Writer, N., Writer, O., Writer, P., Writer, Q., Writer, R., Writer, S., Writer, T., . . . Writer, Z.\n\nThe in-line citation is written the same way as citations for 3–20 authors.\n\n(Writer et al., 2022)\n\n## How to cite websites with no dates in APA format\nNo publication date? No problem! In APA format, you can simply write “n.d.” (which stands for “no date”) in place of the actual date in both reference-page citations and in-line citations. Note that “n.d.” has no spaces.  **Reference page**:\n\nGrammarly. (n.d.). *About Us*. <https:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/about>\n\n**In-line citation:**\n\n(Grammarly, n.d.)\n\nYour writing, at its best.\n\n**Get Grammarly**It's free\n\nWorks on all your favorite websites\n\n![iPhone and iPad Keyboard](https:\/\/contenthub-static.grammarly.com\/assets\/img\/d2745db3aacaf200a15ffddb4186ca8d\/apple.svg)![Android Keyboard](https:\/\/contenthub-static.grammarly.com\/assets\/img\/2b093d5b591d1fdc8907e8254f64dabd\/android.svg)![Chrome Browser](https:\/\/contenthub-static.grammarly.com\/assets\/img\/11f12c31af0b8772681762d3284a0293\/chrome.svg)![Safari Browser](https:\/\/contenthub-static.grammarly.com\/assets\/img\/c5539c5370f4788bc8c22d186519ce5e\/safari.svg)![Firefox Browser](https:\/\/contenthub-static.grammarly.com\/assets\/img\/6f0f7e1d6a89d17f06211a4e72a86080\/firefox.svg)![Edge Browser](https:\/\/contenthub-static.grammarly.com\/assets\/img\/787408c7e33462b3152af47704e4735b\/edge.svg)![Windows OS](https:\/\/contenthub-static.grammarly.com\/assets\/img\/c17842365112e2cc157ee41e233cb638\/windows.svg)![Microsoft Office](https:\/\/contenthub-static.grammarly.com\/assets\/img\/cd0a1cf96bc3ec2c866f32d05a46901e\/office.svg)\n\nRelated Articles\n\n- [![]()CitationsDecoding Academic Integrity: Mastering the Art of Citing Paraphrased Texts](https:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/blog\/citations\/citing-paraphrased-texts\/)\n- [![]()CitationsCitation Examples for APA, MLA, and Chicago Style Guides](https:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/blog\/citations\/citation-examples\/)\n- [![]()CitationsHow to Format an APA Table of Contents](https:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/blog\/citations\/apa-table-of-contents\/)\n- [![]()CitationsWhat Is Harvard Referencing Style? 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[Customer business agreement](https:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/terms\/customer-business-agreement)\n- [CA notice at collection](https:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/privacy-policy#sectionSingleColumn_5buwFstMYZvwdMBeRcp0dk)\n- [Security](https:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/security)\n- [Accessibility](https:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/accessibility-statement)\n- [Legal notices](https:\/\/superhuman.com\/legal\/notices)\n- Cookies preferences center\n\nConnect\n\n- [Help center](https:\/\/support.grammarly.com\/hc\/en-us)\n- [Contact us](https:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/contact)\n- [Facebook](https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/grammarly)\n- [Instagram](https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/grammarly\/)\n- [X](https:\/\/x.com\/Superhuman)\n- [LinkedIn](https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/grammarly)\n\n2026 © Superhuman Platform","attrs_readable_markdown":"To cite a website in [APA format](https:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/blog\/citations\/apa-format\/), you must include the **author’s name**, the **publication date**, the **page or article title**, the **website’s name**, and the **URL**, *in that order*. This is the basic information you use whether you’re citing a web page, blog post, online article, online video, or even a social media post; however, the format changes slightly for each, which we explain below.  To cite websites in APA (7th edition, the most recent), use this formula when listing sources in the [bibliography](https:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/blog\/citations\/bibliography\/) or on the reference page:\n\nLast name of author, First name initial. (Year, Month Day of publication). Title of article or post. Website name. URL with active https link\n\nLet’s look at an example so you know precisely how to cite websites in APA format. Say you want to use our blog post on [punctuation](https:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/blog\/punctuation-capitalization\/punctuation\/) as a source. When you plug in this article’s information using the above formula, it should look like this:\n\nKramer, L. (2021, April 9). Punctuation: Everything you need to know. Grammarly. https:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/blog\/punctuation\/\n\nIn APA reference citations, **titles use the sentence case** ***except for*** **periodicals** (newspapers, magazines, scholarly journals, etc.), so capitalize only the first word of a title, the first word after a colon, or proper nouns. In text, however, use the standard title case.\n\nThe in-line citations for a website in APA format are even easier. Simply use this formula:\n\n(Author’s last name, Year of publication)\n\nUsing the example above, the in-line citation would read:\n\n(Kramer, 2021)\n\nIf you’re using the author’s name in your text when [writing a research paper](https:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/blog\/academic-writing\/how-to-write-a-research-paper\/), you don’t need to repeat it in the citation—the year alone in parenthesis is acceptable.\n\nAs Kramer explained, apostrophes are used for both possessive nouns and contractions (2021).\n\nThat covers the basics of how to cite a website in APA format for both [primary and secondary sources](https:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/blog\/citations\/primary-and-secondary-sources\/). However, there’s still a lot of variation, like when to italicize and how to cite sources without authors or dates. Let’s take a closer look at these specifics.\n\n**Here’s a tip:**Citations can be tricky, but they don’t have to trip you up. Grammarly’s [Citation Generator](https:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/citations) ensures your essays have flawless citations and no plagiarism.\n\n## How to cite a website in APA format: Blogs and articles from print publications\nThe first thing to ask yourself when citing websites in APA format is whether the source is an online version of a print publication or an online-only news site. *The New York Times*, *The Wall Street Journal*, and *The* *Guardian* are examples of newspapers that publish both in print and online.\n\nIf the text comes from an online version of a print article, cite it on the reference page the same way you would a blog post—just like our example above. The reason it’s important is that, with blogs and websites for print publications, **you italicize the name of the website**, not the article title.\n\nBrown, D. (2022, May 1). Quitting Twitter? What people say about life after social media. *The Wall Street* *Journal*. https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/quitting-twitter-what-people-say-about-life-after-social-media-11651415387\n\nIn-line citations are the same regardless.\n\n(Brown, 2022)\n\n## How to cite a website in APA format: Online-only news sites\nIf, however, your source is available only online and is *not* a [blog](https:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/blog\/writing-tips\/how-to-write-a-blog\/), **italicize the name of the article**, not the website. This is the case for popular online news sites like *HuffPost*, *BBC News*, and *Vox*, because none of them publish print periodicals. The order of the information remains the same.\n\nMatthews, D. (2022, April 28). *An expert on why wars start, and how to prevent* *them.* Vox. https:\/\/www.vox.com\/future-perfect\/2022\/4\/28\/23041726\/chris-blattman-why-we-fight-war-peace\n\nNothing changes for the in-line citation.\n\n(Matthews, 2022)\n\n## How to cite a website in APA format: Video\nCiting video sources in APA format is a little different because you have to specify, in brackets, that the source is a video. You can also use the name of the channel if there’s no specific author. To cite video content, use this formula:\n\nAuthor or channel. (Year, Month Day of publication). *Title of the video in italics* \\[Video\\]. Website that hosts the video. URL\n\nLet’s use [our YouTube video](https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MVuKxKvniME) as an example of how to cite an online video in APA format. Notice that “\\[Video\\]” comes after the title, but before the period.\n\nGrammarly. (2022, February 2). *Communicate like a pro \\| Win at work with* *Grammarly* \\[Video\\]*.* YouTube. https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MVuKxKvniME\n\nFor in-line citations, follow the same format as above. If there is no specific author, use the channel’s name in place of an author’s.\n\n(Grammarly, 2022)\n\n## How to cite a website in APA format: Social media\nCiting social media works differently because there’s a wider array of content. As with videos, you have to specify the type of content, such as a status update, tweet, or reel, and mention whether the post includes videos, images, polls, etc.  **In-line citations remain the same**, so our main concern is how to reference the sources in the bibliography. Let’s look at the specific formulas for Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook.\n\n### How to cite Twitter in APA format\nTwitter citations in APA include the word “Tweet” in brackets, the user’s Twitter handle, and up to 20 words of the actual tweet (including hashtags). Attachments can be written as “\\[Video attached\\],” “\\[Image attached\\],” or “\\[Poll attached\\].”\n\nAuthor or channel. \\[@Twitter handle\\]. (Year, Month Day of publication). *The first 20* *words of the tweet* *in italics* \\[Media attachments\\] \\[Tweet\\]. Twitter. URL\n\nAs an example, let’s use [one of our Twitter Polls](https:\/\/www.twitter.com\/Grammarly\/status\/1516818998070964225) to illustrate how to include attachments.\n\nGrammarly. \\[@Grammarly\\]. (2022, April 20). *What’s the most overused email* *phrase?* \\[Poll attached\\] \\[Tweet\\]. Twitter. https:\/\/twitter.com\/Grammarly\/status\/1516818998070964225\n\n### How to cite Instagram in APA format\nInstagram posts are cited in APA format largely the same way as tweets. Keep in mind that you must specify the type of content: “\\[Photographs\\],” “\\[Video\\],” “\\[Reels\\],” etc.\n\nAuthor or channel. \\[@Instagram handle\\]. (Year, Month Day of publication). *The* *first 20 words of the caption in italics* \\[Type of content\\]. Instagram. URL\n\nIn this example, let’s use one of author Margaret Atwood’s Instagram reels. The publication date of content like reels is often unavailable, so simply use “n.d.” for “no date.”\n\nAtwood, M. \\[@therealmargaretatwood\\]. (n.d.). *Are you in? The deadline for* *Practical Utopias: an Exploration of the Possible is tomorrow, December 31st* *to join us* \\[Reels\\]. Instagram. https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CYHcOQZtwxX\/igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y=\n\n### How to cite Facebook in APA format\nFacebook posts follow many of the same APA-format rules as other social media, including mentions of media attachments. The “post type” can refer to status updates, videos, photos, infographics, etc.\n\nAuthor or channel. (Year, Month Day of publication). *The first 20 words of the post* *in italics* \\[Media attached\\] \\[Post type\\]. Facebook. URL\n\nThis example comes from a posted photo, so the post type is “Image.”\n\nTakei, G. (2014, January 17). *Early grammar police* \\[Image attached\\] \\[Image\\]. Facebook. https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/georgehtakei\/photos\/a.209629375733190\/849667811729340\/\n\n## How to cite websites with no authors in APA format\nNot all articles and websites list specific authors, but these can still be valid [sources](https:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/blog\/citations\/ai-citations-apa\/). In this case, use the website’s name in place of an author’s.\n\nWebsite name. (Year, Month Day of publication). *Title of article or post in italics*. URL\n\nWhen [writing](https:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/writing) out the reference page citation, you can omit the website’s name before the URL since it’s already listed.\n\nGrammarly. (2021, January 14). *What Is a Noun?* https:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/blog\/nouns\/\n\nContinue to use the website’s name in place of the author’s for in-line citations.\n\n(Grammarly, 2021)\n\n## How to cite websites with multiple authors in APA format\nThere are different APA formats for citing sources with one author, two authors, between three and 20 authors, and more than 21 authors. We’ve already covered how to cite websites with one author in APA format, so let’s look at the others.\n\n### How to cite a website in APA format: Two authors\nWith two authors, separate the names with an [ampersand](https:\/\/www.en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ampersand) both on the reference page and in the in-line citation.\n\n**Reference page:**\n\nLareau, A. & Conway, E.\n\n**In-line citation:**\n\n(Lareau & Conway, 2003)\n\n### How to cite a website in APA format: 3–20 authors\nOn the reference page, list all the authors, separated by commas and with an ampersand before the last. For the in-line citation, list the first author followed by “et al.”\n\n**Reference page:**\n\nChase, R., Freidman, C., & Lincoln, M.\n\n**In-line citation:**\n\n(Chase et al., 1973)\n\n### How to cite a website in APA format: More than 20 authors\nAlthough rare, if your source has more than 20 authors, list only the first 20 on the reference page, followed by an [ellipsis](https:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/blog\/punctuation-capitalization\/ellipsis\/), and then the final author credited.\n\nWriter, A., Writer, B., Writer, C., Writer, D., Writer, E., Writer, F., Writer, G., Writer, H., Writer, I., Writer, J., Writer, K., Writer, L., Writer, M., Writer, N., Writer, O., Writer, P., Writer, Q., Writer, R., Writer, S., Writer, T., . . . Writer, Z.\n\nThe in-line citation is written the same way as citations for 3–20 authors.\n\n(Writer et al., 2022)\n\n## How to cite websites with no dates in APA format\nNo publication date? No problem! In APA format, you can simply write “n.d.” (which stands for “no date”) in place of the actual date in both reference-page citations and in-line citations. Note that “n.d.” has no spaces.  **Reference page**:\n\nGrammarly. (n.d.). *About Us*. <https:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/about>\n\n**In-line citation:**\n\n(Grammarly, n.d.)","meta_canonical":null}

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Meta Title	How to Cite a Website in APA Format, with Examples \| Grammarly
Meta Description	Learn how to cite a website in APA format. Make sure to include the author and date. Find out more about website citations in APA format here.
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Boilerpipe Text	To cite a website in APA format , you must include the author’s name , the publication date , the page or article title , the website’s name , and the URL , in that order . This is the basic information you use whether you’re citing a web page, blog post, online article, online video, or even a social media post; however, the format changes slightly for each, which we explain below. To cite websites in APA (7th edition, the most recent), use this formula when listing sources in the bibliography or on the reference page: Last name of author, First name initial. (Year, Month Day of publication). Title of article or post. Website name. URL with active https link Let’s look at an example so you know precisely how to cite websites in APA format. Say you want to use our blog post on punctuation as a source. When you plug in this article’s information using the above formula, it should look like this: Kramer, L. (2021, April 9). Punctuation: Everything you need to know. Grammarly . https://www.grammarly.com/blog/punctuation/ In APA reference citations, titles use the sentence case except for periodicals (newspapers, magazines, scholarly journals, etc.), so capitalize only the first word of a title, the first word after a colon, or proper nouns. In text, however, use the standard title case. The in-line citations for a website in APA format are even easier. Simply use this formula: (Author’s last name, Year of publication) Using the example above, the in-line citation would read: (Kramer, 2021) If you’re using the author’s name in your text when writing a research paper , you don’t need to repeat it in the citation—the year alone in parenthesis is acceptable. As Kramer explained, apostrophes are used for both possessive nouns and contractions (2021). That covers the basics of how to cite a website in APA format for both primary and secondary sources . However, there’s still a lot of variation, like when to italicize and how to cite sources without authors or dates. Let’s take a closer look at these specifics. Here’s a tip: Citations can be tricky, but they don’t have to trip you up. Grammarly’s Citation Generator ensures your essays have flawless citations and no plagiarism. How to cite a website in APA format: Blogs and articles from print publications The first thing to ask yourself when citing websites in APA format is whether the source is an online version of a print publication or an online-only news site. The New York Times , The Wall Street Journal , and The Guardian are examples of newspapers that publish both in print and online. If the text comes from an online version of a print article, cite it on the reference page the same way you would a blog post—just like our example above. The reason it’s important is that, with blogs and websites for print publications, you italicize the name of the website , not the article title. Brown, D. (2022, May 1). Quitting Twitter? What people say about life after social media. The Wall Street Journal . https://www.wsj.com/articles/quitting- twitter- what-people-say-about-life-after-social- media-11651415387 In-line citations are the same regardless. (Brown, 2022) How to cite a website in APA format: Online-only news sites If, however, your source is available only online and is not a blog , italicize the name of the article , not the website. This is the case for popular online news sites like HuffPost , BBC News , and Vox , because none of them publish print periodicals. The order of the information remains the same. Matthews, D. (2022, April 28). An expert on why wars start, and how to prevent them. Vox. https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2022/4/28/23041726/chris- blattman-why-we-fight-war-peace Nothing changes for the in-line citation. (Matthews, 2022) How to cite a website in APA format: Video Citing video sources in APA format is a little different because you have to specify, in brackets, that the source is a video. You can also use the name of the channel if there’s no specific author. To cite video content, use this formula: Author or channel. (Year, Month Day of publication). Title of the video in italics [Video]. Website that hosts the video. URL Let’s use our YouTube video as an example of how to cite an online video in APA format. Notice that “[Video]” comes after the title, but before the period. Grammarly. (2022, February 2). Communicate like a pro \| Win at work with Grammarly [Video] . YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=MVuKxKvniME For in-line citations, follow the same format as above. If there is no specific author, use the channel’s name in place of an author’s. (Grammarly, 2022) How to cite a website in APA format: Social media Citing social media works differently because there’s a wider array of content. As with videos, you have to specify the type of content, such as a status update, tweet, or reel, and mention whether the post includes videos, images, polls, etc. In-line citations remain the same , so our main concern is how to reference the sources in the bibliography. Let’s look at the specific formulas for Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook. How to cite Twitter in APA format Twitter citations in APA include the word “Tweet” in brackets, the user’s Twitter handle, and up to 20 words of the actual tweet (including hashtags). Attachments can be written as “[Video attached],” “[Image attached],” or “[Poll attached].” Author or channel. [@Twitter handle]. (Year, Month Day of publication). The first 20 words of the tweet in italics [Media attachments] [Tweet]. Twitter. URL As an example, let’s use one of our Twitter Polls to illustrate how to include attachments. Grammarly. [@Grammarly]. (2022, April 20). What’s the most overused email phrase? [Poll attached] [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/Grammarly/status/1516818998070964225 How to cite Instagram in APA format Instagram posts are cited in APA format largely the same way as tweets. Keep in mind that you must specify the type of content: “[Photographs],” “[Video],” “[Reels],” etc. Author or channel. [@Instagram handle]. (Year, Month Day of publication). The first 20 words of the caption in italics [Type of content]. Instagram. URL In this example, let’s use one of author Margaret Atwood’s Instagram reels. The publication date of content like reels is often unavailable, so simply use “n.d.” for “no date.” Atwood, M. [@therealmargaretatwood]. (n.d.). Are you in? The deadline for Practical Utopias: an Exploration of the Possible is tomorrow, December 31st to join us [Reels]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/CYHcOQZtwxX/ igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y= How to cite Facebook in APA format Facebook posts follow many of the same APA-format rules as other social media, including mentions of media attachments. The “post type” can refer to status updates, videos, photos, infographics, etc. Author or channel. (Year, Month Day of publication). The first 20 words of the post in italics [Media attached] [Post type]. Facebook. URL This example comes from a posted photo, so the post type is “Image.” Takei, G. (2014, January 17). Early grammar police [Image attached] [Image]. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/georgehtakei/photos/a.209629375733190/849667811729340/ How to cite websites with no authors in APA format Not all articles and websites list specific authors, but these can still be valid sources . In this case, use the website’s name in place of an author’s. Website name. (Year, Month Day of publication). Title of article or post in italics . URL When writing out the reference page citation, you can omit the website’s name before the URL since it’s already listed. Grammarly. (2021, January 14). What Is a Noun? https://www.grammarly.com/blog/nouns/ Continue to use the website’s name in place of the author’s for in-line citations. (Grammarly, 2021) How to cite websites with multiple authors in APA format There are different APA formats for citing sources with one author, two authors, between three and 20 authors, and more than 21 authors. We’ve already covered how to cite websites with one author in APA format, so let’s look at the others. How to cite a website in APA format: Two authors With two authors, separate the names with an ampersand both on the reference page and in the in-line citation. Reference page: Lareau, A. & Conway, E. In-line citation: (Lareau & Conway, 2003) How to cite a website in APA format: 3–20 authors On the reference page, list all the authors, separated by commas and with an ampersand before the last. For the in-line citation, list the first author followed by “et al.” Reference page: Chase, R., Freidman, C., & Lincoln, M. In-line citation: (Chase et al., 1973) How to cite a website in APA format: More than 20 authors Although rare, if your source has more than 20 authors, list only the first 20 on the reference page, followed by an ellipsis , and then the final author credited. Writer, A., Writer, B., Writer, C., Writer, D., Writer, E., Writer, F., Writer, G., Writer, H., Writer, I., Writer, J., Writer, K., Writer, L., Writer, M., Writer, N., Writer, O., Writer, P., Writer, Q., Writer, R., Writer, S., Writer, T., . . . Writer, Z. The in-line citation is written the same way as citations for 3–20 authors. (Writer et al., 2022) How to cite websites with no dates in APA format No publication date? No problem! In APA format, you can simply write “n.d.” (which stands for “no date”) in place of the actual date in both reference-page citations and in-line citations. Note that “n.d.” has no spaces. Reference page : Grammarly. (n.d.). About Us . https://www.grammarly.com/about In-line citation: (Grammarly, n.d.)
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- [Company Updates](https://www.grammarly.com/blog/company/) - [Grammarly vs. Competition](https://www.grammarly.com/blog/grammarly-vs-competition/) - [Product Updates](https://www.grammarly.com/blog/product/) - - [Trust & Security](https://www.grammarly.com/blog/trust-security/) - [User Stories](https://www.grammarly.com/blog/user-stories/) Get GrammarlyIt's free [Contact Sales](https://www.grammarly.com/contact/sales)[Log in](https://www.grammarly.com/signin) [![Share on Facebook](https://contenthub-static.grammarly.com/assets/img/0f92094f9cc7d5cf0564a03e392bc239/facebook.svg)](https://www.facebook.com/dialog/share?app_id=203198053709806&display=popup&href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.grammarly.com%2Fblog%2Fcitations%2Fcite-website-apa%2F%3Futm_source%3Dfacebook_share%26utm_medium%3Dcontent)[![Share on Twitter](https://contenthub-static.grammarly.com/assets/img/095d9a2399e1d9e6689cc0f99727e2ff/twitter.svg)](http://twitter.com/share?via=grammarly&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.grammarly.com%2Fblog%2Fcitations%2Fcite-website-apa%2F%3Futm_source%3Dtwitter_share%26utm_medium%3Dcontent&text=How%20to%20Cite%20a%20Website%20in%20APA%20Format)[![Share on Linkedin](https://contenthub-static.grammarly.com/assets/img/d39a9a6e738f3dda8e84d624f4ee9534/linkedin.svg)](http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.grammarly.com%2Fblog%2Fcitations%2Fcite-website-apa%2F%3Futm_source%3Dlinkedin_share%26utm_medium%3Dcontent&title=How%20to%20Cite%20a%20Website%20in%20APA%20Format&summary=To%20cite%20a%20website%20in%20APA%20format%2C%20you%20must%20include%20the%20author%E2%80%99s%20name%2C%20the%20publication%20date%2C%20the%20page%20or%20article%20title%2C%20the...&url_source=Grammarly%20Blog)[![Share via email](https://contenthub-static.grammarly.com/assets/img/cf7bae149e2590570583b083d8056ed7/email.svg)](mailto:?to=&subject=How%20to%20Cite%20a%20Website%20in%20APA%20Format&body=Check%20this%20post%20from%20Grammarly%20Blog%0Ahttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.grammarly.com%2Fblog%2Fcitations%2Fcite-website-apa%2F%3Futm_source%3Demail_share%26utm_medium%3Dcontent)[![Share via Facebook Messenger](https://contenthub-static.grammarly.com/assets/img/716c1f90ce193d3974e8bdff70c2e892/messenger.svg)](https://www.facebook.com/dialog/send?app_id=203198053709806&redirect_uri=&link=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.grammarly.com%2Fblog%2Fcitations%2Fcite-website-apa%2F%3Futm_source%3Dfacebook_messenger%26utm_medium%3Dcontent) # How to Cite a Website in APA Format [![Matt Ellis](https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e4bbec0e59fd23e2b7f324030367afb7?s=96&d=wp_user_avatar&r=g)](https://www.grammarly.com/blog/author/mattellis/)[Matt Ellis](https://www.grammarly.com/blog/author/mattellis/) [Citations](https://www.grammarly.com/blog/citations/) To cite a website in [APA format](https://www.grammarly.com/blog/citations/apa-format/), you must include the author’s name, the publication date, the page or article title, the website’s name, and the URL, in that order. This is the basic information you use whether you’re citing a web page, blog post, online article, online video, or even a social media post; however, the format changes slightly for each, which we explain below. To cite websites in APA (7th edition, the most recent), use this formula when listing sources in the [bibliography](https://www.grammarly.com/blog/citations/bibliography/) or on the reference page: Last name of author, First name initial. (Year, Month Day of publication). Title of article or post. Website name. URL with active https link Let’s look at an example so you know precisely how to cite websites in APA format. Say you want to use our blog post on [punctuation](https://www.grammarly.com/blog/punctuation-capitalization/punctuation/) as a source. When you plug in this article’s information using the above formula, it should look like this: Kramer, L. (2021, April 9). Punctuation: Everything you need to know. Grammarly. https://www.grammarly.com/blog/punctuation/ In APA reference citations, titles use the sentence case *except for* periodicals (newspapers, magazines, scholarly journals, etc.), so capitalize only the first word of a title, the first word after a colon, or proper nouns. In text, however, use the standard title case. The in-line citations for a website in APA format are even easier. Simply use this formula: (Author’s last name, Year of publication) Using the example above, the in-line citation would read: (Kramer, 2021) If you’re using the author’s name in your text when [writing a research paper](https://www.grammarly.com/blog/academic-writing/how-to-write-a-research-paper/), you don’t need to repeat it in the citation—the year alone in parenthesis is acceptable. As Kramer explained, apostrophes are used for both possessive nouns and contractions (2021). That covers the basics of how to cite a website in APA format for both [primary and secondary sources](https://www.grammarly.com/blog/citations/primary-and-secondary-sources/). However, there’s still a lot of variation, like when to italicize and how to cite sources without authors or dates. Let’s take a closer look at these specifics. Here’s a tip:Citations can be tricky, but they don’t have to trip you up. Grammarly’s [Citation Generator](https://www.grammarly.com/citations) ensures your essays have flawless citations and no plagiarism. ## How to cite a website in APA format: Blogs and articles from print publications The first thing to ask yourself when citing websites in APA format is whether the source is an online version of a print publication or an online-only news site. The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, and The Guardian are examples of newspapers that publish both in print and online. If the text comes from an online version of a print article, cite it on the reference page the same way you would a blog post—just like our example above. The reason it’s important is that, with blogs and websites for print publications, you italicize the name of the website, not the article title. Brown, D. (2022, May 1). Quitting Twitter? What people say about life after social media. The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/quitting-twitter-what-people-say-about-life-after-social-media-11651415387 In-line citations are the same regardless. (Brown, 2022) ## How to cite a website in APA format: Online-only news sites If, however, your source is available only online and is not a [blog](https://www.grammarly.com/blog/writing-tips/how-to-write-a-blog/), italicize the name of the article, not the website. This is the case for popular online news sites like HuffPost, BBC News, and Vox, because none of them publish print periodicals. The order of the information remains the same. Matthews, D. (2022, April 28). An expert on why wars start, and how to prevent them. Vox. https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2022/4/28/23041726/chris-blattman-why-we-fight-war-peace Nothing changes for the in-line citation. (Matthews, 2022) ## How to cite a website in APA format: Video Citing video sources in APA format is a little different because you have to specify, in brackets, that the source is a video. You can also use the name of the channel if there’s no specific author. To cite video content, use this formula: Author or channel. (Year, Month Day of publication). Title of the video in italics \[Video\]. Website that hosts the video. URL Let’s use [our YouTube video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MVuKxKvniME) as an example of how to cite an online video in APA format. Notice that “\[Video\]” comes after the title, but before the period. Grammarly. (2022, February 2). Communicate like a pro \\| Win at work with Grammarly \[Video\]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MVuKxKvniME For in-line citations, follow the same format as above. If there is no specific author, use the channel’s name in place of an author’s. (Grammarly, 2022) ## How to cite a website in APA format: Social media Citing social media works differently because there’s a wider array of content. As with videos, you have to specify the type of content, such as a status update, tweet, or reel, and mention whether the post includes videos, images, polls, etc. In-line citations remain the same, so our main concern is how to reference the sources in the bibliography. Let’s look at the specific formulas for Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook. ### How to cite Twitter in APA format Twitter citations in APA include the word “Tweet” in brackets, the user’s Twitter handle, and up to 20 words of the actual tweet (including hashtags). Attachments can be written as “\[Video attached\],” “\[Image attached\],” or “\[Poll attached\].” Author or channel. \[@Twitter handle\]. (Year, Month Day of publication). The first 20 words of the tweet in italics \[Media attachments\] \[Tweet\]. Twitter. URL As an example, let’s use [one of our Twitter Polls](https://www.twitter.com/Grammarly/status/1516818998070964225) to illustrate how to include attachments. Grammarly. \[@Grammarly\]. (2022, April 20). What’s the most overused email phrase? \[Poll attached\] \[Tweet\]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/Grammarly/status/1516818998070964225 ### How to cite Instagram in APA format Instagram posts are cited in APA format largely the same way as tweets. Keep in mind that you must specify the type of content: “\[Photographs\],” “\[Video\],” “\[Reels\],” etc. Author or channel. \[@Instagram handle\]. (Year, Month Day of publication). The first 20 words of the caption in italics \[Type of content\]. Instagram. URL In this example, let’s use one of author Margaret Atwood’s Instagram reels. The publication date of content like reels is often unavailable, so simply use “n.d.” for “no date.” Atwood, M. \[@therealmargaretatwood\]. (n.d.). Are you in? The deadline for Practical Utopias: an Exploration of the Possible is tomorrow, December 31st to join us \[Reels\]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/CYHcOQZtwxX/igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y= ### How to cite Facebook in APA format Facebook posts follow many of the same APA-format rules as other social media, including mentions of media attachments. The “post type” can refer to status updates, videos, photos, infographics, etc. Author or channel. (Year, Month Day of publication). The first 20 words of the post in italics \[Media attached\] \[Post type\]. Facebook. URL This example comes from a posted photo, so the post type is “Image.” Takei, G. (2014, January 17). Early grammar police \[Image attached\] \[Image\]. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/georgehtakei/photos/a.209629375733190/849667811729340/ ## How to cite websites with no authors in APA format Not all articles and websites list specific authors, but these can still be valid [sources](https://www.grammarly.com/blog/citations/ai-citations-apa/). In this case, use the website’s name in place of an author’s. Website name. (Year, Month Day of publication). Title of article or post in italics. URL When [writing](https://www.grammarly.com/writing) out the reference page citation, you can omit the website’s name before the URL since it’s already listed. Grammarly. (2021, January 14). What Is a Noun? https://www.grammarly.com/blog/nouns/ Continue to use the website’s name in place of the author’s for in-line citations. (Grammarly, 2021) ## How to cite websites with multiple authors in APA format There are different APA formats for citing sources with one author, two authors, between three and 20 authors, and more than 21 authors. We’ve already covered how to cite websites with one author in APA format, so let’s look at the others. ### How to cite a website in APA format: Two authors With two authors, separate the names with an [ampersand](https://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampersand) both on the reference page and in the in-line citation. Reference page: Lareau, A. & Conway, E. In-line citation: (Lareau & Conway, 2003) ### How to cite a website in APA format: 3–20 authors On the reference page, list all the authors, separated by commas and with an ampersand before the last. For the in-line citation, list the first author followed by “et al.” Reference page: Chase, R., Freidman, C., & Lincoln, M. In-line citation: (Chase et al., 1973) ### How to cite a website in APA format: More than 20 authors Although rare, if your source has more than 20 authors, list only the first 20 on the reference page, followed by an [ellipsis](https://www.grammarly.com/blog/punctuation-capitalization/ellipsis/), and then the final author credited. Writer, A., Writer, B., Writer, C., Writer, D., Writer, E., Writer, F., Writer, G., Writer, H., Writer, I., Writer, J., Writer, K., Writer, L., Writer, M., Writer, N., Writer, O., Writer, P., Writer, Q., Writer, R., Writer, S., Writer, T., . . . Writer, Z. The in-line citation is written the same way as citations for 3–20 authors. (Writer et al., 2022) ## How to cite websites with no dates in APA format No publication date? No problem! In APA format, you can simply write “n.d.” (which stands for “no date”) in place of the actual date in both reference-page citations and in-line citations. Note that “n.d.” has no spaces. Reference page: Grammarly. (n.d.). About Us. <https://www.grammarly.com/about> In-line citation: (Grammarly, n.d.) Your writing, at its best. 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Readable Markdown	To cite a website in [APA format](https://www.grammarly.com/blog/citations/apa-format/), you must include the author’s name, the publication date, the page or article title, the website’s name, and the URL, in that order. This is the basic information you use whether you’re citing a web page, blog post, online article, online video, or even a social media post; however, the format changes slightly for each, which we explain below. To cite websites in APA (7th edition, the most recent), use this formula when listing sources in the [bibliography](https://www.grammarly.com/blog/citations/bibliography/) or on the reference page: Last name of author, First name initial. (Year, Month Day of publication). Title of article or post. Website name. URL with active https link Let’s look at an example so you know precisely how to cite websites in APA format. Say you want to use our blog post on [punctuation](https://www.grammarly.com/blog/punctuation-capitalization/punctuation/) as a source. When you plug in this article’s information using the above formula, it should look like this: Kramer, L. (2021, April 9). Punctuation: Everything you need to know. Grammarly. https://www.grammarly.com/blog/punctuation/ In APA reference citations, titles use the sentence case *except for* periodicals (newspapers, magazines, scholarly journals, etc.), so capitalize only the first word of a title, the first word after a colon, or proper nouns. In text, however, use the standard title case. The in-line citations for a website in APA format are even easier. Simply use this formula: (Author’s last name, Year of publication) Using the example above, the in-line citation would read: (Kramer, 2021) If you’re using the author’s name in your text when [writing a research paper](https://www.grammarly.com/blog/academic-writing/how-to-write-a-research-paper/), you don’t need to repeat it in the citation—the year alone in parenthesis is acceptable. As Kramer explained, apostrophes are used for both possessive nouns and contractions (2021). That covers the basics of how to cite a website in APA format for both [primary and secondary sources](https://www.grammarly.com/blog/citations/primary-and-secondary-sources/). However, there’s still a lot of variation, like when to italicize and how to cite sources without authors or dates. Let’s take a closer look at these specifics. Here’s a tip:Citations can be tricky, but they don’t have to trip you up. Grammarly’s [Citation Generator](https://www.grammarly.com/citations) ensures your essays have flawless citations and no plagiarism. ## How to cite a website in APA format: Blogs and articles from print publications The first thing to ask yourself when citing websites in APA format is whether the source is an online version of a print publication or an online-only news site. The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, and The Guardian are examples of newspapers that publish both in print and online. If the text comes from an online version of a print article, cite it on the reference page the same way you would a blog post—just like our example above. The reason it’s important is that, with blogs and websites for print publications, you italicize the name of the website, not the article title. Brown, D. (2022, May 1). Quitting Twitter? What people say about life after social media. The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/quitting-twitter-what-people-say-about-life-after-social-media-11651415387 In-line citations are the same regardless. (Brown, 2022) ## How to cite a website in APA format: Online-only news sites If, however, your source is available only online and is not a [blog](https://www.grammarly.com/blog/writing-tips/how-to-write-a-blog/), italicize the name of the article, not the website. This is the case for popular online news sites like HuffPost, BBC News, and Vox, because none of them publish print periodicals. The order of the information remains the same. Matthews, D. (2022, April 28). An expert on why wars start, and how to prevent them. Vox. https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2022/4/28/23041726/chris-blattman-why-we-fight-war-peace Nothing changes for the in-line citation. (Matthews, 2022) ## How to cite a website in APA format: Video Citing video sources in APA format is a little different because you have to specify, in brackets, that the source is a video. You can also use the name of the channel if there’s no specific author. To cite video content, use this formula: Author or channel. (Year, Month Day of publication). Title of the video in italics \[Video\]. Website that hosts the video. URL Let’s use [our YouTube video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MVuKxKvniME) as an example of how to cite an online video in APA format. Notice that “\[Video\]” comes after the title, but before the period. Grammarly. (2022, February 2). Communicate like a pro \\| Win at work with Grammarly \[Video\]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MVuKxKvniME For in-line citations, follow the same format as above. If there is no specific author, use the channel’s name in place of an author’s. (Grammarly, 2022) ## How to cite a website in APA format: Social media Citing social media works differently because there’s a wider array of content. As with videos, you have to specify the type of content, such as a status update, tweet, or reel, and mention whether the post includes videos, images, polls, etc. In-line citations remain the same, so our main concern is how to reference the sources in the bibliography. Let’s look at the specific formulas for Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook. ### How to cite Twitter in APA format Twitter citations in APA include the word “Tweet” in brackets, the user’s Twitter handle, and up to 20 words of the actual tweet (including hashtags). Attachments can be written as “\[Video attached\],” “\[Image attached\],” or “\[Poll attached\].” Author or channel. \[@Twitter handle\]. (Year, Month Day of publication). The first 20 words of the tweet in italics \[Media attachments\] \[Tweet\]. Twitter. URL As an example, let’s use [one of our Twitter Polls](https://www.twitter.com/Grammarly/status/1516818998070964225) to illustrate how to include attachments. Grammarly. \[@Grammarly\]. (2022, April 20). What’s the most overused email phrase? \[Poll attached\] \[Tweet\]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/Grammarly/status/1516818998070964225 ### How to cite Instagram in APA format Instagram posts are cited in APA format largely the same way as tweets. Keep in mind that you must specify the type of content: “\[Photographs\],” “\[Video\],” “\[Reels\],” etc. Author or channel. \[@Instagram handle\]. (Year, Month Day of publication). The first 20 words of the caption in italics \[Type of content\]. Instagram. URL In this example, let’s use one of author Margaret Atwood’s Instagram reels. The publication date of content like reels is often unavailable, so simply use “n.d.” for “no date.” Atwood, M. \[@therealmargaretatwood\]. (n.d.). Are you in? The deadline for Practical Utopias: an Exploration of the Possible is tomorrow, December 31st to join us \[Reels\]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/CYHcOQZtwxX/igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y= ### How to cite Facebook in APA format Facebook posts follow many of the same APA-format rules as other social media, including mentions of media attachments. The “post type” can refer to status updates, videos, photos, infographics, etc. Author or channel. (Year, Month Day of publication). The first 20 words of the post in italics \[Media attached\] \[Post type\]. Facebook. URL This example comes from a posted photo, so the post type is “Image.” Takei, G. (2014, January 17). Early grammar police \[Image attached\] \[Image\]. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/georgehtakei/photos/a.209629375733190/849667811729340/ ## How to cite websites with no authors in APA format Not all articles and websites list specific authors, but these can still be valid [sources](https://www.grammarly.com/blog/citations/ai-citations-apa/). In this case, use the website’s name in place of an author’s. Website name. (Year, Month Day of publication). Title of article or post in italics. URL When [writing](https://www.grammarly.com/writing) out the reference page citation, you can omit the website’s name before the URL since it’s already listed. Grammarly. (2021, January 14). What Is a Noun? https://www.grammarly.com/blog/nouns/ Continue to use the website’s name in place of the author’s for in-line citations. (Grammarly, 2021) ## How to cite websites with multiple authors in APA format There are different APA formats for citing sources with one author, two authors, between three and 20 authors, and more than 21 authors. We’ve already covered how to cite websites with one author in APA format, so let’s look at the others. ### How to cite a website in APA format: Two authors With two authors, separate the names with an [ampersand](https://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampersand) both on the reference page and in the in-line citation. Reference page: Lareau, A. & Conway, E. In-line citation: (Lareau & Conway, 2003) ### How to cite a website in APA format: 3–20 authors On the reference page, list all the authors, separated by commas and with an ampersand before the last. For the in-line citation, list the first author followed by “et al.” Reference page: Chase, R., Freidman, C., & Lincoln, M. In-line citation: (Chase et al., 1973) ### How to cite a website in APA format: More than 20 authors Although rare, if your source has more than 20 authors, list only the first 20 on the reference page, followed by an [ellipsis](https://www.grammarly.com/blog/punctuation-capitalization/ellipsis/), and then the final author credited. Writer, A., Writer, B., Writer, C., Writer, D., Writer, E., Writer, F., Writer, G., Writer, H., Writer, I., Writer, J., Writer, K., Writer, L., Writer, M., Writer, N., Writer, O., Writer, P., Writer, Q., Writer, R., Writer, S., Writer, T., . . . Writer, Z. The in-line citation is written the same way as citations for 3–20 authors. (Writer et al., 2022) ## How to cite websites with no dates in APA format No publication date? No problem! In APA format, you can simply write “n.d.” (which stands for “no date”) in place of the actual date in both reference-page citations and in-line citations. Note that “n.d.” has no spaces. Reference page: Grammarly. (n.d.). About Us. <https://www.grammarly.com/about> In-line citation: (Grammarly, n.d.)
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