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1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 103 (from laksa195)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa103.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/python/relative-import-in-python/\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/python/relative-import-in-python/\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/python\/relative-import-in-python\/","crawl_time":1775625561,"first_indexed_time":1751358784,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"org,geeksforgeeks!www,\/python\/relative-import-in-python\/ s443","src_root_hash":"12046344915360636903","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Relative Import in Python - GeeksforGeeks","meta_descriptions":["Your All-in-One Learning Portal: GeeksforGeeks is a comprehensive educational platform that empowers learners across domains-spanning computer science and programming, school education, upskilling, commerce, software tools, competitive exams, and more.","Your All-in-One Learning Portal. It contains well written, well thought and well explained computer science and programming articles, quizzes and practice\/competitive programming\/company interview Questions."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":null,"attrs_markdown":"[![geeksforgeeks](https:\/\/media.geeksforgeeks.org\/gfg-gg-logo.svg)](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/)\n\n- Courses\n- Tutorials\n- Interview Prep\n\n- [Python Tutorial](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/python\/python-programming-language-tutorial\/)\n- [Data Types](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/python\/python-data-types\/)\n- [Interview Questions](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/python\/python-interview-questions\/)\n- [Examples](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/python\/python-programming-examples\/)\n- [Quizzes](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/python\/python-quizzes\/)\n- [DSA Python](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/dsa\/python-data-structures-and-algorithms\/)\n- [Data Science](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/data-science\/data-science-with-python-tutorial\/)\n- [NumPy](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/python\/numpy-tutorial\/)\n- [Pandas](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/pandas\/pandas-tutorial\/)\n- [Practice](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/dsa\/geeksforgeeks-practice-best-online-coding-platform\/)\n- [Django](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/python\/django-tutorial\/)\n- [Flask](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/python\/flask-tutorial\/)\n\n# Relative Import in Python\nLast Updated : 7 Jan, 2025\n\nIn Python, ****relative imports**** allow us to import modules in relation to the current module's location within a package structure. This means instead of using full paths, we can import modules using `.` (current directory) or `..` (parent directory), making the code more concise and easier to maintain. Relative imports are especially useful in large projects with complex directory structures, where we want to keep module imports flexible and avoid hard-coding long paths. They help ensure that the code remains portable, as the module paths are relative to the package, not absolute locations on the filesystem.\n\nRelative imports use dots (`.`) to indicate the current and parent directories:\n\n- **`.`**refers to the current directory.\n- **`. .`**refers to the parent directory.\n- **`. . .`**refers to the grandparent directory, and so on.\n### Example\nSuppose we have the following package structure:\n```\nproject_name\/\n├── main.py\n└── package\/   \n        ├── __init__.py    \n        ├── module_a.py    \n        └── module_b.py\nContents of the Modules\n```\n### module\\_a.py\nPython\n\n``\n### module\\_b.py\nPython\n\n``\n### main.py\nPython\n\n``\n\n****Output:****\n```\nHello, GeeksforGeeks! Goodbye, GeeksforGeeks\n```\n### ****How It Works****\n1. ****Relative Import in**** **`module_b.py`**:\n   - `from .module_a import greet`: This imports the `greet` function from `module_a` using a relative import (relative to `module_b` in the same directory).\n2. ****Absolute Import in**** **`main.py`**:\n   - `from package.module_b import use_greet_and_farewell`: This imports the `use_greet_and_farewell` function from `module_b` using the full path (starting from the package root).\n3. ****Run the Program****: Execute the `main.py` file from the root directory (`project_name\/`) to run the project correctly:\n```\npython main.py\n```\n\nComment\n\nArticle Tags:\n\nArticle Tags:\n\n[Python](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/category\/programming-language\/python\/)\n\n[python](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/tag\/python\/)\n### Explore\n\n[![GeeksforGeeks](https:\/\/media.geeksforgeeks.org\/auth-dashboard-uploads\/gfgFooterLogo.png)](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/)\n\n![location](https:\/\/media.geeksforgeeks.org\/img-practice\/Location-1685004904.svg)\n\nCorporate & Communications Address:\n\nA-143, 7th Floor, Sovereign Corporate Tower, Sector- 136, Noida, Uttar Pradesh (201305)\n\n![location](https:\/\/media.geeksforgeeks.org\/img-practice\/Location-1685004904.svg)\n\nRegistered Address:\n\nK 061, Tower K, Gulshan Vivante Apartment, Sector 137, Noida, Gautam Buddh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, 201305\n\n[![GFG App on Play Store](https:\/\/media.geeksforgeeks.org\/auth-dashboard-uploads\/googleplay-%281%29.png)](https:\/\/geeksforgeeksapp.page.link\/gfg-app)[![GFG App on App Store](https:\/\/media.geeksforgeeks.org\/auth-dashboard-uploads\/appstore-%281%29.png)](https:\/\/geeksforgeeksapp.page.link\/gfg-app)\n\n- Company\n- [About Us](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/about\/)\n- 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[Web Technology](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/web-tech\/web-technology\/)\n- [AI, ML & Data Science](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/machine-learning\/ai-ml-and-data-science-tutorial-learn-ai-ml-and-data-science\/)\n- [DevOps](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/devops\/devops-tutorial\/)\n- [CS Core Subjects](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/gate\/gate-exam-tutorial\/)\n- [Interview Preparation](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/aptitude\/interview-corner\/)\n- [Software and Tools](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/websites-apps\/software-and-tools-a-to-z-list\/)\n\n- Courses\n- [ML and Data Science](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/courses\/category\/machine-learning-data-science)\n- [DSA and Placements](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/courses\/category\/dsa-placements)\n- [Web Development](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/courses\/category\/development-testing)\n- [Programming Languages](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/courses\/category\/programming-languages)\n- [DevOps & Cloud](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/courses\/category\/cloud-devops)\n- [GATE](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/courses\/category\/gate)\n- [Trending Technologies](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/courses\/category\/trending-technologies\/)\n\n- Videos\n- [DSA](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/videos\/category\/sde-sheet\/)\n- [Python](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/videos\/category\/python\/)\n- [Java](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/videos\/category\/java-w6y5f4\/)\n- [C++](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/videos\/category\/c\/)\n- [Web Development](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/videos\/category\/web-development\/)\n- [Data Science](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/videos\/category\/data-science\/)\n- [CS Subjects](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/videos\/category\/cs-subjects\/)\n\n- Preparation Corner\n- [Interview Corner](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/interview-prep\/interview-corner\/)\n- [Aptitude](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/aptitude\/aptitude-questions-and-answers\/)\n- [Puzzles](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/aptitude\/puzzles\/)\n- [GfG 160](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/courses\/gfg-160-series)\n- [System Design](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/system-design\/system-design-tutorial\/)\n\n[@GeeksforGeeks, Sanchhaya Education Private Limited](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/), [All rights reserved](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/copyright-information\/)","attrs_readable_markdown":null,"meta_canonical":null}

3. Robots.txt Check

Query:

Response:

4. Spam/Ban Check

Query:

Response:

5. Seen Status Check

ℹ️ Skipped - page is already crawled

📄

INDEXABLE

✅

CRAWLED

6 days ago

🤖

ROBOTS ALLOWED

Page Info Filters

Filter	Status	Condition	Details
HTTP status	PASS	`download_http_code = 200`	HTTP 200
Age cutoff	PASS	`download_stamp > now() - 6 MONTH`	0.2 months ago
History drop	PASS	`isNull(history_drop_reason)`	No drop reason
Spam/ban	PASS	`fh_dont_index != 1 AND ml_spam_score = 0`	ml_spam_score=0
Canonical	PASS	`meta_canonical IS NULL OR = '' OR = src_unparsed`	Not set

Page Details

Property	Value
URL	https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/python/relative-import-in-python/
Last Crawled	2026-04-08 05:19:21 (6 days ago)
First Indexed	2025-07-01 08:33:04 (9 months ago)
HTTP Status Code	200
Meta Title	Relative Import in Python - GeeksforGeeks
Meta Description	Your All-in-One Learning Portal: GeeksforGeeks is a comprehensive educational platform that empowers learners across domains-spanning computer science and programming, school education, upskilling, commerce, software tools, competitive exams, and more., Your All-in-One Learning Portal. It contains well written, well thought and well explained computer science and programming articles, quizzes and practice/competitive programming/company interview Questions.
Meta Canonical	null
Boilerpipe Text	null
Markdown	[![geeksforgeeks](https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/gfg-gg-logo.svg)](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/) - Courses - Tutorials - Interview Prep - [Python Tutorial](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/python/python-programming-language-tutorial/) - [Data Types](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/python/python-data-types/) - [Interview Questions](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/python/python-interview-questions/) - [Examples](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/python/python-programming-examples/) - [Quizzes](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/python/python-quizzes/) - [DSA Python](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/dsa/python-data-structures-and-algorithms/) - [Data Science](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/data-science/data-science-with-python-tutorial/) - [NumPy](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/python/numpy-tutorial/) - [Pandas](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/pandas/pandas-tutorial/) - [Practice](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/dsa/geeksforgeeks-practice-best-online-coding-platform/) - [Django](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/python/django-tutorial/) - [Flask](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/python/flask-tutorial/) # Relative Import in Python Last Updated : 7 Jan, 2025 In Python, **relative imports allow us to import modules in relation to the current module's location within a package structure. This means instead of using full paths, we can import modules using `.` (current directory) or `..` (parent directory), making the code more concise and easier to maintain. Relative imports are especially useful in large projects with complex directory structures, where we want to keep module imports flexible and avoid hard-coding long paths. They help ensure that the code remains portable, as the module paths are relative to the package, not absolute locations on the filesystem. Relative imports use dots (`.`) to indicate the current and parent directories: - `.`refers to the current directory. - `. .`refers to the parent directory. - `. . .`refers to the grandparent directory, and so on. ### Example Suppose we have the following package structure: ``` project_name/ ├── main.py └── package/ ├── __init__.py ├── module_a.py └── module_b.py Contents of the Modules ``` ### module\_a.py Python `` ### module\_b.py Python `` ### main.py Python `` Output: ``` Hello, GeeksforGeeks! Goodbye, GeeksforGeeks ``` ### How It Works 1. Relative Import in `module_b.py`: - `from .module_a import greet`: This imports the `greet` function from `module_a` using a relative import (relative to `module_b` in the same directory). 2. Absolute Import in `main.py`: - `from package.module_b import use_greet_and_farewell`: This imports the `use_greet_and_farewell` function from `module_b` using the full path (starting from the package root). 3. Run the Program**: Execute the `main.py` file from the root directory (`project_name/`) to run the project correctly: ``` python main.py ``` Comment Article Tags: Article Tags: [Python](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/category/programming-language/python/) [python](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/tag/python/) ### Explore [![GeeksforGeeks](https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/auth-dashboard-uploads/gfgFooterLogo.png)](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/) ![location](https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/img-practice/Location-1685004904.svg) Corporate & Communications Address: A-143, 7th Floor, Sovereign Corporate Tower, Sector- 136, Noida, Uttar Pradesh (201305) ![location](https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/img-practice/Location-1685004904.svg) Registered Address: K 061, Tower K, Gulshan Vivante Apartment, Sector 137, Noida, Gautam Buddh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, 201305 [![GFG App on Play Store](https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/auth-dashboard-uploads/googleplay-%281%29.png)](https://geeksforgeeksapp.page.link/gfg-app)[![GFG App on App Store](https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/auth-dashboard-uploads/appstore-%281%29.png)](https://geeksforgeeksapp.page.link/gfg-app) - Company - [About Us](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/about/) - [Legal](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/legal/) - [Privacy Policy](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/legal/privacy-policy/) - [Contact Us](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/about/contact-us/) - [Advertise with us](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/advertise-with-us/) - [GFG Corporate Solution](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/gfg-corporate-solution/) - [Campus Training Program](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/campus-training-program/) - Explore - [POTD](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/problem-of-the-day) - [Job-A-Thon](https://practice.geeksforgeeks.org/events/rec/job-a-thon/) - [Blogs](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/category/blogs/?type=recent) - [Nation Skill Up](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/nation-skill-up/) - Tutorials - [Programming Languages](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/computer-science-fundamentals/programming-language-tutorials/) - [DSA](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/dsa/dsa-tutorial-learn-data-structures-and-algorithms/) - [Web Technology](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/web-tech/web-technology/) - [AI, ML & Data Science](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/machine-learning/ai-ml-and-data-science-tutorial-learn-ai-ml-and-data-science/) - [DevOps](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/devops/devops-tutorial/) - [CS Core Subjects](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/gate/gate-exam-tutorial/) - [Interview Preparation](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/aptitude/interview-corner/) - [Software and Tools](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/websites-apps/software-and-tools-a-to-z-list/) - Courses - [ML and Data Science](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/courses/category/machine-learning-data-science) - [DSA and Placements](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/courses/category/dsa-placements) - [Web Development](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/courses/category/development-testing) - [Programming Languages](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/courses/category/programming-languages) - [DevOps & Cloud](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/courses/category/cloud-devops) - [GATE](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/courses/category/gate) - [Trending Technologies](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/courses/category/trending-technologies/) - Videos - [DSA](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/videos/category/sde-sheet/) - [Python](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/videos/category/python/) - [Java](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/videos/category/java-w6y5f4/) - [C++](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/videos/category/c/) - [Web Development](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/videos/category/web-development/) - [Data Science](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/videos/category/data-science/) - [CS Subjects](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/videos/category/cs-subjects/) - Preparation Corner - [Interview Corner](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/interview-prep/interview-corner/) - [Aptitude](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/aptitude/aptitude-questions-and-answers/) - [Puzzles](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/aptitude/puzzles/) - [GfG 160](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/courses/gfg-160-series) - [System Design](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/system-design/system-design-tutorial/) [@GeeksforGeeks, Sanchhaya Education Private Limited](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/), [All rights reserved](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/copyright-information/)
Readable Markdown	null
Shard	103 (laksa)
Root Hash	12046344915360636903
Unparsed URL	org,geeksforgeeks!www,/python/relative-import-in-python/ s443