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Calculated Shard: 103 (from laksa049)

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curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa103.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/physics/hydrostatic-pressure/\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/physics/hydrostatic-pressure/\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

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{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/physics\/hydrostatic-pressure\/","crawl_time":1775743995,"first_indexed_time":1750403290,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"org,geeksforgeeks!www,\/physics\/hydrostatic-pressure\/ s443","src_root_hash":"12046344915360636903","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Hydrostatic Pressure - GeeksforGeeks","meta_descriptions":["Your All-in-One Learning Portal: GeeksforGeeks is a comprehensive educational platform that empowers learners across domains-spanning computer science and programming, school education, upskilling, commerce, software tools, competitive exams, and more.","Your All-in-One Learning Portal. It contains well written, well thought and well explained computer science and programming articles, quizzes and practice\/competitive programming\/company interview Questions."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Last Updated :\n23 Jul, 2025\nHydrostatic pressure can be stated as the pressure exerted by a fluid at equilibrium at a given point within the fluid, due to the force of gravity. Hydrostatic pressure is proportional to the depth measured from the surface as the weight of the fluid increases with a downward force applied.\nThe fluid pressure can be caused by gravity, acceleration, or forces when in a closed container. Consider a container filled with water or any other fluid along with a ball in the bottom. Now consider the ball from the top of the container. There is the pressure exerted by the layer of water acting on the ball. As we move down from the top of the container to the bottom, the pressure exerted by the top layer on the ball adds up. This phenomenon is responsible for more pressure at the bottom of the container.\nTable of Content\nHydrostatic Pressure Definition\nHydrostatic Pressure Formula Derivation\nBuoyancy and its Effects\nHydrostatic Pressure Vs Osmotic Pressure\nApplications of Hydrostatic Pressure\nExamples on Hydrostatic Pressure\nHydrostatic Pressure Definition\nHydrostatic Pressure also called fluid pressure can be defined as the pressure on a given object on the surface of a closed container or in the fluid. Gravity, acceleration, or forces outside the container, are the factors that cause the pressure.\nPressure is a scalar quantity that is stated as force per unit area. Here force acts in the direction perpendicular to the surface. Depending on the context of use, there are several units in which pressure can be measured.\nPressure = Force\/ Area\nP = F \/ A\nwhere:\nP\nis the Pressure\nF\nis the Force\nA\nis the Area\nUnit of pressure is\nN\/m\n2\nor Pa (Pascal).\nHydrostatic Pressure Formula Derivation\nLet us derive the formula for Pressure on an object submerged in a fluid.\nWe know that,\nPressure = Force\/Area = F\/A & Force = mass x acceleration = m × g (acceleration due to gravity)\nSo: Pressure = F\/A = mg\/A ……………. (1)\nNow Density = Mass\/Volume;\nSo, Mass= Density x Volume ……………. (2)\nFrom equation 1 & 2,\nPressure = (Density × Volume × Acceleration)\/Area\nP = (ρ × g × v)\/A\nP = ρ × g × h\nwhere:\nh = v\/A = Height of Fluid above Object\nρ (rho) is Density of Fluid,\ng is Acceleration of Gravity\nPressure on an object submerged in a fluid is:\nP = ρ g h\nBuoyancy and its Effects\nBuoyancy is a phenomenon caused due to\nbuoyant force\nthat tenses an object to float. When you put an object in a liquid, an upward force is exerted on the object by the liquid, this force is equal to the weight of the liquid that has been displaced. The amount of liquid that has been displaced depends upon the density and the volume of the object immersed in the liquid.\nBuoyancy can be defined as an upward force exerted on an object that is completely or partially submerged in liquid. The unit of the buoyant force is\nNewton\n.\nIt depends upon two factors:\nAmount (Volume) of liquid displaced by object\nDensity of the object,\nF\nb\n= ρ g V\nIron nail is very less in volume so, it displaces a very less amount of water. It causes less buoyant force in the upward direction therefore it sinks. Whereas ships have more volume and displace more water, therefore it causes greater buoyant force in the upward direction by water and it floats.\nHydrostatic Pressure Vs Osmotic Pressure\nThe comparison of hydrostatic pressure and\nosmotic pressure\nis added in table below:\nFeature\nHydrostatic Pressure\nOsmotic Pressure\nDefinition\nPressure exerted by a fluid at rest due to the weight of the fluid above it.\nPressure required to stop the flow of solvent into a solution through a semipermeable membrane.\nFormula\nP = ρgh\nΠ = i⋅C⋅R⋅T\nMeasurement Units\nPascal (Pa)\nBar\nmmHg\nPascal (Pa)\natm\nmmHg\nDependence\nDepth\nFluid density\nGravitational Force\nSolute concentration\nTemperature\nVan't Hoff factor\nApplication\nEngineering (dams, submarines)\nMeteorology\nHydraulics\nBiology (cell behavior)\nMedicine (intravenous fluids, dialysis)\nChemistry (solution processes)\nCharacteristics\nIncreases linearly with depth\nActs in all directions at a given depth\nIndependent of fluid composition\nIncreases with higher solute concentration\nAffects solvent movement across semipermeable membranes\nDepends on solute particles and their dissociation\nMeasurement Method\nDirectly measured with pressure gauges or calculated\nMeasured indirectly through effects of osmosis or calculated using formulas\nApplications of Hydrostatic Pressure\nSome application of Hydrostatic Pressure are:\nEngineering:\nIn the design of dams, submarines, and underwater structures, engineers must account for hydrostatic pressure to ensure structural integrity.\nMeteorology:\nHydrostatic pressure principles are used in weather prediction models to understand atmospheric pressure changes with altitude.\nMedicine:\nIn medical applications, such as blood pressure measurements, hydrostatic pressure concepts help understand pressure variations in the circulatory system.\nRead More:\nOsmosis\nDiffusion\nOsmosis and Osmotic Pressure\nExamples on Hydrostatic Pressure\nExample 1. A scuba driver is diving 10 meters below the surface of the ocean. Find the pressure on the driver assuming the standard atmospheric conditions. Use the density of sea water = 1.03 X 10\n3\nkg\/m\n3\nand the atmospheric pressure of 1.01 x 105 N\/m\n2\n.\nSolution:\nP\nfluid\n= r g h\n= (1.03 x10\n3\nkg\/m\n3\n) (9.8 m\/s\n2\n) (10 m)\n= 1.09 × 10\n5\nN\/m\n2\n.\nP\ntotal\n= P\natmosphere\n+ P\nfluid\n= (1.01 × 105) + (1.09 × 105) Pa\n= 2.10 × 105 Pa (Pascal)\nExample 2. At a point in a pond pressure of water is 1.03 x10\n5\n. What is the depth of that point from the surface of water?\nSolution:\nP\nfluid\n= r g h\n= (1.03 x103 kg\/m\n3\n) (10 m\/s\n2\n) (10 m)\n= 1.03 x 10\n5\nN\/m\n2\n.\nExample 3.\nWe have a swimming pool that is 3 meters in depth. Calculate the amount of pressure at the bottom of the swimming pool.\nSolution:\nP\nfluid\n= r g h\n= (1.03 × 103 kg\/m\n3\n) (9.8 m\/s\n2\n) (3 m)\n= 3.63 × 10\n4\nN\/m\n2\n.\nP\ntotal\n= P\natmosphere\n+ P\nfluid\n= (1.01 × 10\n5\n) + (3.63 × 10\n4\n) Pa\n= 1.37 × 10\n5\nPa (Pascal)\nExample 1. We have a swimming pool that is 3 meters in depth. Calculate the amount of pressure at the bottom of the swimming pool.\nSolution:\nP\nfluid\n= r g h\n= (1.03 × 103 kg\/m\n3\n) (9.8 m\/s\n2\n) (3 m)\n= 3.63 × 104 N\/m\n2\n.\nP\ntotal\n= P\natmosphere\n+ P\nfluid\n= (1.01 × 105) + (3.63 × 104) Pa\n= 1.37 × 105 Pa (Pascal)\nExample 2. Weight of an object in the air is 200 N. The object is placed in a liquid. Increase in volume of liquid is 2.5 m\n3\n. If specific weight of the liquid is 10 N\/m\n3\n, what is the weight of the object in liquid?\nSolution:\nObject’s weight in liquid = object’s weight in air – buoyant force\nObject’s weight in liquid = 100 N – buoyant force\nFb = ρ g V\nThe density of liquid is 1 kg\/m\n3\nFb = ρ g V\n= (1 kg\/m\n3\n)(10 m\/s\n2\n)(2.5 m\n3\n)\n= 25kg m\/s\n2\n= 25 N\nObject’s weight in fluid = 200 N – 25 N = 175N\nExample 3.\nAn object that is having volume of 40 cm3and the mass of object is 72 g. Density of water is 1 gcm\n-3\n. Will this object float on water or sink in water?\nSolution:\nDensity = Mass\/Volume\n= 72\/40 = 1.8\nDensity of object is more than density of water, so object will sink in the water.\nAlso, Check\nArchimedes' Principle\nFluid Pressure\nApplications of Fluid Dynamics","attrs_markdown":"[![geeksforgeeks](https:\/\/media.geeksforgeeks.org\/gfg-gg-logo.svg)](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/)\n\n![search icon](https:\/\/media.geeksforgeeks.org\/auth-dashboard-uploads\/Property=Light---Default.svg)\n\n- Sign In\n- [Courses]()\n- [Tutorials]()\n- [Interview Prep]()\n\n- [Physics](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/physics\/physics\/)\n- [Acoustics](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/physics\/acoustics\/)\n- [Kinematics](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/physics\/what-is-kinematics\/)\n- [Wave Theory](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/physics\/introduction-to-waves-definition-types-properties\/)\n- [Electromagnetic Induction](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/physics\/electromagnetic-induction\/)\n- [Biology](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/biology\/biology\/)\n- [Chemistry](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/chemistry\/chemistry\/)\n- [School Resources](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/school-resources\/geeksforgeeks-school\/)\n- [Maths](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/maths\/maths\/)\n- [Notes Class 11](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/physics\/cbse-class-11-physics-notes\/)\n\n# Hydrostatic Pressure\nLast Updated : 23 Jul, 2025\n\nHydrostatic pressure can be stated as the pressure exerted by a fluid at equilibrium at a given point within the fluid, due to the force of gravity. Hydrostatic pressure is proportional to the depth measured from the surface as the weight of the fluid increases with a downward force applied.\n\nThe fluid pressure can be caused by gravity, acceleration, or forces when in a closed container. Consider a container filled with water or any other fluid along with a ball in the bottom. Now consider the ball from the top of the container. There is the pressure exerted by the layer of water acting on the ball. As we move down from the top of the container to the bottom, the pressure exerted by the top layer on the ball adds up. This phenomenon is responsible for more pressure at the bottom of the container.\n\nTable of Content\n\n- [Hydrostatic Pressure Definition](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/physics\/hydrostatic-pressure\/#hydrostatic-pressure-definition)\n- [Hydrostatic Pressure Formula Derivation](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/physics\/hydrostatic-pressure\/#hydrostatic-pressure-formula-derivation)\n- [Buoyancy and its Effects](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/physics\/hydrostatic-pressure\/#buoyancy-and-its-effects)\n- [Hydrostatic Pressure Vs Osmotic Pressure](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/physics\/hydrostatic-pressure\/#hydrostatic-pressure-vs-osmotic-pressure)\n- [Applications of Hydrostatic Pressure](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/physics\/hydrostatic-pressure\/#applications-of-hydrostatic-pressure)\n- [Examples on Hydrostatic Pressure](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/physics\/hydrostatic-pressure\/#examples-on-hydrostatic-pressure)\n## Hydrostatic Pressure Definition\nHydrostatic Pressure also called fluid pressure can be defined as the pressure on a given object on the surface of a closed container or in the fluid. Gravity, acceleration, or forces outside the container, are the factors that cause the pressure.\n\nPressure is a scalar quantity that is stated as force per unit area. Here force acts in the direction perpendicular to the surface. Depending on the context of use, there are several units in which pressure can be measured.\n\n> ****Pressure = Force\/ Area****\n> \n> ****P = F \/ A****\n\nwhere:\n\n- ****P**** is the Pressure\n- ****F**** is the Force\n- ****A**** is the Area\n\nUnit of pressure is ****N\/m********2**** or Pa (Pascal).\n\n## Hydrostatic Pressure Formula Derivation\nLet us derive the formula for Pressure on an object submerged in a fluid.\n\n![Hydrostatic Pressure Formula Derivation](https:\/\/media.geeksforgeeks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/20210305181212\/666.jpg)\n\nWe know that,\n\nPressure = Force\/Area = F\/A & Force = mass x acceleration = m × g (acceleration due to gravity)\n\nSo: Pressure = F\/A = mg\/A ……………. (1)\n\nNow Density = Mass\/Volume;\n\nSo, Mass= Density x Volume ……………. (2)\n\nFrom equation 1 & 2,\n\nPressure = (Density × Volume × Acceleration)\/Area\n\nP = (ρ × g × v)\/A\n\n> ****P = ρ × g × h****\n\nwhere:\n\n- h = v\/A = Height of Fluid above Object\n- ρ (rho) is Density of Fluid,\n- g is Acceleration of Gravity\n\nPressure on an object submerged in a fluid is:\n\n> ****P = ρ g h****\n## Buoyancy and its Effects\nBuoyancy is a phenomenon caused due to [buoyant force](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/physics\/buoyant-force\/) that tenses an object to float. When you put an object in a liquid, an upward force is exerted on the object by the liquid, this force is equal to the weight of the liquid that has been displaced. The amount of liquid that has been displaced depends upon the density and the volume of the object immersed in the liquid.\n\nBuoyancy can be defined as an upward force exerted on an object that is completely or partially submerged in liquid. The unit of the buoyant force is ****Newton****.\n\n****It depends upon two factors:****\n\n- Amount (Volume) of liquid displaced by object\n- Density of the object, ****F********b**** ****\\= ρ g V****\n\nIron nail is very less in volume so, it displaces a very less amount of water. It causes less buoyant force in the upward direction therefore it sinks. Whereas ships have more volume and displace more water, therefore it causes greater buoyant force in the upward direction by water and it floats.\n\n![What is buoyant force](https:\/\/media.geeksforgeeks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/20221024004351\/Buoyancy.png)\n\n## Hydrostatic Pressure Vs Osmotic Pressure\nThe comparison of hydrostatic pressure and [osmotic pressure](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/chemistry\/osmotic-pressure-formula\/) is added in table below:\n\n| Feature | Hydrostatic Pressure | Osmotic Pressure |\n|---|---|---|\n| ****Definition**** | Pressure exerted by a fluid at rest due to the weight of the fluid above it. | Pressure required to stop the flow of solvent into a solution through a semipermeable membrane. |\n| ****Formula**** | P = ρgh | Π = i⋅C⋅R⋅T |\n| ****Measurement Units**** | Pascal (Pa) Bar mmHg | Pascal (Pa) atm mmHg |\n| ****Dependence**** | Depth Fluid density Gravitational Force | Solute concentration Temperature Van't Hoff factor |\n| ****Application**** | Engineering (dams, submarines) Meteorology Hydraulics | Biology (cell behavior) Medicine (intravenous fluids, dialysis) Chemistry (solution processes) |\n| ****Characteristics**** | Increases linearly with depth Acts in all directions at a given depth Independent of fluid composition | Increases with higher solute concentration Affects solvent movement across semipermeable membranes Depends on solute particles and their dissociation |\n| ****Measurement Method**** | Directly measured with pressure gauges or calculated | Measured indirectly through effects of osmosis or calculated using formulas |\n## ****Applications of Hydrostatic Pressure****\nSome application of Hydrostatic Pressure are:\n\n- ****Engineering:**** In the design of dams, submarines, and underwater structures, engineers must account for hydrostatic pressure to ensure structural integrity.\n\n- ****Meteorology:**** Hydrostatic pressure principles are used in weather prediction models to understand atmospheric pressure changes with altitude.\n\n- ****Medicine:**** In medical applications, such as blood pressure measurements, hydrostatic pressure concepts help understand pressure variations in the circulatory system.\n\n****Read More:****\n\n> - [Osmosis](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/biology\/osmosis\/)\n> - [Diffusion](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/biology\/diffusion-biology\/)\n> - [Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/chemistry\/osmosis-and-osmotic-pressure\/)\n## Examples on Hydrostatic Pressure\n****Example 1. A scuba driver is diving 10 meters below the surface of the ocean. Find the pressure on the driver assuming the standard atmospheric conditions. Use the density of sea water = 1.03 X 10********3**** ****kg\/m********3**** ****and the atmospheric pressure of 1.01 x 105 N\/m********2********.****\n\n****Solution:****\n\n> Pfluid = r g h\n> \n> \\= (1.03 x103 kg\/m3) (9.8 m\/s2) (10 m)\n> \n> \\= 1.09 × 105 N\/m2.\n> \n> Ptotal = Patmosphere + Pfluid\n> \n> \\= (1.01 × 105) + (1.09 × 105) Pa\n> \n> \\= 2.10 × 105 Pa (Pascal)\n\n****Example 2. At a point in a pond pressure of water is 1.03 x10********5********. What is the depth of that point from the surface of water?****\n\n****Solution:****\n\n> Pfluid = r g h\n> \n> \\= (1.03 x103 kg\/m3) (10 m\/s2) (10 m)\n> \n> \\= 1.03 x 105 N\/m2.\n\n****Example 3.**** ****We have a swimming pool that is 3 meters in depth. Calculate the amount of pressure at the bottom of the swimming pool.****\n\n****Solution:****\n\n> Pfluid = r g h\n> \n> \\= (1.03 × 103 kg\/m3) (9.8 m\/s2) (3 m)\n> \n> \\= 3.63 × 104 N\/m2.\n> \n> Ptotal = Patmosphere + Pfluid\n> \n> \\= (1.01 × 105) + (3.63 × 104) Pa\n> \n> \\= 1.37 × 105 Pa (Pascal)\n\n****Example 1. We have a swimming pool that is 3 meters in depth. Calculate the amount of pressure at the bottom of the swimming pool.****\n\n****Solution:****\n\n> Pfluid = r g h\n> \n> \\= (1.03 × 103 kg\/m3) (9.8 m\/s2) (3 m)\n> \n> \\= 3.63 × 104 N\/m2.\n> \n> Ptotal = Patmosphere + Pfluid\n> \n> \\= (1.01 × 105) + (3.63 × 104) Pa\n> \n> \\= 1.37 × 105 Pa (Pascal)\n\n****Example 2. Weight of an object in the air is 200 N. The object is placed in a liquid. Increase in volume of liquid is 2.5 m********3********. If specific weight of the liquid is 10 N\/m********3********, what is the weight of the object in liquid?****\n\n****Solution:****\n\n> Object’s weight in liquid = object’s weight in air – buoyant force\n> \n> Object’s weight in liquid = 100 N – buoyant force\n> \n> Fb = ρ g V\n> \n> The density of liquid is 1 kg\/m3\n> \n> Fb = ρ g V\n> \n> \\= (1 kg\/m3)(10 m\/s2)(2.5 m3)\n> \n> \\= 25kg m\/s2\n> \n> \\= 25 N\n> \n> Object’s weight in fluid = 200 N – 25 N = 175N\n\n****Example 3.**** ****An object that is having volume of 40 cm3and the mass of object is 72 g. Density of water is 1 gcm********\\-3********. Will this object float on water or sink in water?****\n\n****Solution:****\n\n> Density = Mass\/Volume\n> \n> \\= 72\/40 = 1.8\n> \n> Density of object is more than density of water, so object will sink in the water.\n\n****Also, Check****\n\n> - [****Archimedes' Principle****](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/physics\/archimedes-principle\/)\n> - [****Fluid Pressure****](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/physics\/fluid-pressure\/)\n> - [****Applications of Fluid Dynamics****](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/physics\/applications-of-fluid-dynamics\/)\n\nComment\n\n[D](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/user\/dheerajhinaniya\/)\n\n[dheerajhinaniya](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/user\/dheerajhinaniya\/)\n\n1\n\nArticle Tags:\n\nArticle Tags:\n\n[School Learning](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/category\/school-learning\/)\n\n[Class 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Hydrostatic pressure is proportional to the depth measured from the surface as the weight of the fluid increases with a downward force applied.\n\nThe fluid pressure can be caused by gravity, acceleration, or forces when in a closed container. Consider a container filled with water or any other fluid along with a ball in the bottom. Now consider the ball from the top of the container. There is the pressure exerted by the layer of water acting on the ball. As we move down from the top of the container to the bottom, the pressure exerted by the top layer on the ball adds up. This phenomenon is responsible for more pressure at the bottom of the container.\n\nTable of Content\n\n- [Hydrostatic Pressure Definition](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/physics\/hydrostatic-pressure\/#hydrostatic-pressure-definition)\n- [Hydrostatic Pressure Formula Derivation](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/physics\/hydrostatic-pressure\/#hydrostatic-pressure-formula-derivation)\n- [Buoyancy and its Effects](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/physics\/hydrostatic-pressure\/#buoyancy-and-its-effects)\n- [Hydrostatic Pressure Vs Osmotic Pressure](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/physics\/hydrostatic-pressure\/#hydrostatic-pressure-vs-osmotic-pressure)\n- [Applications of Hydrostatic Pressure](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/physics\/hydrostatic-pressure\/#applications-of-hydrostatic-pressure)\n- [Examples on Hydrostatic Pressure](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/physics\/hydrostatic-pressure\/#examples-on-hydrostatic-pressure)\n## Hydrostatic Pressure Definition\nHydrostatic Pressure also called fluid pressure can be defined as the pressure on a given object on the surface of a closed container or in the fluid. Gravity, acceleration, or forces outside the container, are the factors that cause the pressure.\n\nPressure is a scalar quantity that is stated as force per unit area. Here force acts in the direction perpendicular to the surface. Depending on the context of use, there are several units in which pressure can be measured.\n\n> ****Pressure = Force\/ Area****\n> \n> ****P = F \/ A****\n\nwhere:\n\n- ****P**** is the Pressure\n- ****F**** is the Force\n- ****A**** is the Area\n\nUnit of pressure is ****N\/m********2**** or Pa (Pascal).\n\n## Hydrostatic Pressure Formula Derivation\nLet us derive the formula for Pressure on an object submerged in a fluid.\n\n![Hydrostatic Pressure Formula Derivation](https:\/\/media.geeksforgeeks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/20210305181212\/666.jpg)\n\nWe know that,\n\nPressure = Force\/Area = F\/A & Force = mass x acceleration = m × g (acceleration due to gravity)\n\nSo: Pressure = F\/A = mg\/A ……………. (1)\n\nNow Density = Mass\/Volume;\n\nSo, Mass= Density x Volume ……………. (2)\n\nFrom equation 1 & 2,\n\nPressure = (Density × Volume × Acceleration)\/Area\n\nP = (ρ × g × v)\/A\n\n> ****P = ρ × g × h****\n\nwhere:\n\n- h = v\/A = Height of Fluid above Object\n- ρ (rho) is Density of Fluid,\n- g is Acceleration of Gravity\n\nPressure on an object submerged in a fluid is:\n\n> ****P = ρ g h****\n## Buoyancy and its Effects\nBuoyancy is a phenomenon caused due to [buoyant force](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/physics\/buoyant-force\/) that tenses an object to float. When you put an object in a liquid, an upward force is exerted on the object by the liquid, this force is equal to the weight of the liquid that has been displaced. The amount of liquid that has been displaced depends upon the density and the volume of the object immersed in the liquid.\n\nBuoyancy can be defined as an upward force exerted on an object that is completely or partially submerged in liquid. The unit of the buoyant force is ****Newton****.\n\n****It depends upon two factors:****\n\n- Amount (Volume) of liquid displaced by object\n- Density of the object, ****F********b**** ****\\= ρ g V****\n\nIron nail is very less in volume so, it displaces a very less amount of water. It causes less buoyant force in the upward direction therefore it sinks. Whereas ships have more volume and displace more water, therefore it causes greater buoyant force in the upward direction by water and it floats.\n\n![What is buoyant force](https:\/\/media.geeksforgeeks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/20221024004351\/Buoyancy.png)\n\n## Hydrostatic Pressure Vs Osmotic Pressure\nThe comparison of hydrostatic pressure and [osmotic pressure](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/chemistry\/osmotic-pressure-formula\/) is added in table below:\n\n| Feature | Hydrostatic Pressure | Osmotic Pressure |\n|---|---|---|\n| ****Definition**** | Pressure exerted by a fluid at rest due to the weight of the fluid above it. | Pressure required to stop the flow of solvent into a solution through a semipermeable membrane. |\n| ****Formula**** | P = ρgh | Π = i⋅C⋅R⋅T |\n| ****Measurement Units**** | Pascal (Pa) Bar mmHg | Pascal (Pa) atm mmHg |\n| ****Dependence**** | Depth Fluid density Gravitational Force | Solute concentration Temperature Van't Hoff factor |\n| ****Application**** | Engineering (dams, submarines) Meteorology Hydraulics | Biology (cell behavior) Medicine (intravenous fluids, dialysis) Chemistry (solution processes) |\n| ****Characteristics**** | Increases linearly with depth Acts in all directions at a given depth Independent of fluid composition | Increases with higher solute concentration Affects solvent movement across semipermeable membranes Depends on solute particles and their dissociation |\n| ****Measurement Method**** | Directly measured with pressure gauges or calculated | Measured indirectly through effects of osmosis or calculated using formulas |\n## ****Applications of Hydrostatic Pressure****\nSome application of Hydrostatic Pressure are:\n\n- ****Engineering:**** In the design of dams, submarines, and underwater structures, engineers must account for hydrostatic pressure to ensure structural integrity.\n\n- ****Meteorology:**** Hydrostatic pressure principles are used in weather prediction models to understand atmospheric pressure changes with altitude.\n\n- ****Medicine:**** In medical applications, such as blood pressure measurements, hydrostatic pressure concepts help understand pressure variations in the circulatory system.\n\n****Read More:****\n\n> - [Osmosis](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/biology\/osmosis\/)\n> - [Diffusion](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/biology\/diffusion-biology\/)\n> - [Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/chemistry\/osmosis-and-osmotic-pressure\/)\n## Examples on Hydrostatic Pressure\n****Example 1. A scuba driver is diving 10 meters below the surface of the ocean. Find the pressure on the driver assuming the standard atmospheric conditions. Use the density of sea water = 1.03 X 10********3**** ****kg\/m********3**** ****and the atmospheric pressure of 1.01 x 105 N\/m********2********.****\n\n****Solution:****\n\n> Pfluid = r g h\n> \n> \\= (1.03 x103 kg\/m3) (9.8 m\/s2) (10 m)\n> \n> \\= 1.09 × 105 N\/m2.\n> \n> Ptotal = Patmosphere + Pfluid\n> \n> \\= (1.01 × 105) + (1.09 × 105) Pa\n> \n> \\= 2.10 × 105 Pa (Pascal)\n\n****Example 2. At a point in a pond pressure of water is 1.03 x10********5********. What is the depth of that point from the surface of water?****\n\n****Solution:****\n\n> Pfluid = r g h\n> \n> \\= (1.03 x103 kg\/m3) (10 m\/s2) (10 m)\n> \n> \\= 1.03 x 105 N\/m2.\n\n****Example 3.**** ****We have a swimming pool that is 3 meters in depth. Calculate the amount of pressure at the bottom of the swimming pool.****\n\n****Solution:****\n\n> Pfluid = r g h\n> \n> \\= (1.03 × 103 kg\/m3) (9.8 m\/s2) (3 m)\n> \n> \\= 3.63 × 104 N\/m2.\n> \n> Ptotal = Patmosphere + Pfluid\n> \n> \\= (1.01 × 105) + (3.63 × 104) Pa\n> \n> \\= 1.37 × 105 Pa (Pascal)\n\n****Example 1. We have a swimming pool that is 3 meters in depth. Calculate the amount of pressure at the bottom of the swimming pool.****\n\n****Solution:****\n\n> Pfluid = r g h\n> \n> \\= (1.03 × 103 kg\/m3) (9.8 m\/s2) (3 m)\n> \n> \\= 3.63 × 104 N\/m2.\n> \n> Ptotal = Patmosphere + Pfluid\n> \n> \\= (1.01 × 105) + (3.63 × 104) Pa\n> \n> \\= 1.37 × 105 Pa (Pascal)\n\n****Example 2. Weight of an object in the air is 200 N. The object is placed in a liquid. Increase in volume of liquid is 2.5 m********3********. If specific weight of the liquid is 10 N\/m********3********, what is the weight of the object in liquid?****\n\n****Solution:****\n\n> Object’s weight in liquid = object’s weight in air – buoyant force\n> \n> Object’s weight in liquid = 100 N – buoyant force\n> \n> Fb = ρ g V\n> \n> The density of liquid is 1 kg\/m3\n> \n> Fb = ρ g V\n> \n> \\= (1 kg\/m3)(10 m\/s2)(2.5 m3)\n> \n> \\= 25kg m\/s2\n> \n> \\= 25 N\n> \n> Object’s weight in fluid = 200 N – 25 N = 175N\n\n****Example 3.**** ****An object that is having volume of 40 cm3and the mass of object is 72 g. Density of water is 1 gcm********\\-3********. Will this object float on water or sink in water?****\n\n****Solution:****\n\n> Density = Mass\/Volume\n> \n> \\= 72\/40 = 1.8\n> \n> Density of object is more than density of water, so object will sink in the water.\n\n****Also, Check****\n\n> - [****Archimedes' Principle****](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/physics\/archimedes-principle\/)\n> - [****Fluid Pressure****](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/physics\/fluid-pressure\/)\n> - [****Applications of Fluid Dynamics****](https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/physics\/applications-of-fluid-dynamics\/)","meta_canonical":null}

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Boilerpipe Text	Last Updated : 23 Jul, 2025 Hydrostatic pressure can be stated as the pressure exerted by a fluid at equilibrium at a given point within the fluid, due to the force of gravity. Hydrostatic pressure is proportional to the depth measured from the surface as the weight of the fluid increases with a downward force applied. The fluid pressure can be caused by gravity, acceleration, or forces when in a closed container. Consider a container filled with water or any other fluid along with a ball in the bottom. Now consider the ball from the top of the container. There is the pressure exerted by the layer of water acting on the ball. As we move down from the top of the container to the bottom, the pressure exerted by the top layer on the ball adds up. This phenomenon is responsible for more pressure at the bottom of the container. Table of Content Hydrostatic Pressure Definition Hydrostatic Pressure Formula Derivation Buoyancy and its Effects Hydrostatic Pressure Vs Osmotic Pressure Applications of Hydrostatic Pressure Examples on Hydrostatic Pressure Hydrostatic Pressure Definition Hydrostatic Pressure also called fluid pressure can be defined as the pressure on a given object on the surface of a closed container or in the fluid. Gravity, acceleration, or forces outside the container, are the factors that cause the pressure. Pressure is a scalar quantity that is stated as force per unit area. Here force acts in the direction perpendicular to the surface. Depending on the context of use, there are several units in which pressure can be measured. Pressure = Force/ Area P = F / A where: P is the Pressure F is the Force A is the Area Unit of pressure is N/m 2 or Pa (Pascal). Hydrostatic Pressure Formula Derivation Let us derive the formula for Pressure on an object submerged in a fluid. We know that, Pressure = Force/Area = F/A & Force = mass x acceleration = m × g (acceleration due to gravity) So: Pressure = F/A = mg/A ……………. (1) Now Density = Mass/Volume; So, Mass= Density x Volume ……………. (2) From equation 1 & 2, Pressure = (Density × Volume × Acceleration)/Area P = (ρ × g × v)/A P = ρ × g × h where: h = v/A = Height of Fluid above Object ρ (rho) is Density of Fluid, g is Acceleration of Gravity Pressure on an object submerged in a fluid is: P = ρ g h Buoyancy and its Effects Buoyancy is a phenomenon caused due to buoyant force that tenses an object to float. When you put an object in a liquid, an upward force is exerted on the object by the liquid, this force is equal to the weight of the liquid that has been displaced. The amount of liquid that has been displaced depends upon the density and the volume of the object immersed in the liquid. Buoyancy can be defined as an upward force exerted on an object that is completely or partially submerged in liquid. The unit of the buoyant force is Newton . It depends upon two factors: Amount (Volume) of liquid displaced by object Density of the object, F b = ρ g V Iron nail is very less in volume so, it displaces a very less amount of water. It causes less buoyant force in the upward direction therefore it sinks. Whereas ships have more volume and displace more water, therefore it causes greater buoyant force in the upward direction by water and it floats. Hydrostatic Pressure Vs Osmotic Pressure The comparison of hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure is added in table below: Feature Hydrostatic Pressure Osmotic Pressure Definition Pressure exerted by a fluid at rest due to the weight of the fluid above it. Pressure required to stop the flow of solvent into a solution through a semipermeable membrane. Formula P = ρgh Π = i⋅C⋅R⋅T Measurement Units Pascal (Pa) Bar mmHg Pascal (Pa) atm mmHg Dependence Depth Fluid density Gravitational Force Solute concentration Temperature Van't Hoff factor Application Engineering (dams, submarines) Meteorology Hydraulics Biology (cell behavior) Medicine (intravenous fluids, dialysis) Chemistry (solution processes) Characteristics Increases linearly with depth Acts in all directions at a given depth Independent of fluid composition Increases with higher solute concentration Affects solvent movement across semipermeable membranes Depends on solute particles and their dissociation Measurement Method Directly measured with pressure gauges or calculated Measured indirectly through effects of osmosis or calculated using formulas Applications of Hydrostatic Pressure Some application of Hydrostatic Pressure are: Engineering: In the design of dams, submarines, and underwater structures, engineers must account for hydrostatic pressure to ensure structural integrity. Meteorology: Hydrostatic pressure principles are used in weather prediction models to understand atmospheric pressure changes with altitude. Medicine: In medical applications, such as blood pressure measurements, hydrostatic pressure concepts help understand pressure variations in the circulatory system. Read More: Osmosis Diffusion Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure Examples on Hydrostatic Pressure Example 1. A scuba driver is diving 10 meters below the surface of the ocean. Find the pressure on the driver assuming the standard atmospheric conditions. Use the density of sea water = 1.03 X 10 3 kg/m 3 and the atmospheric pressure of 1.01 x 105 N/m 2 . Solution: P fluid = r g h = (1.03 x10 3 kg/m 3 ) (9.8 m/s 2 ) (10 m) = 1.09 × 10 5 N/m 2 . P total = P atmosphere + P fluid = (1.01 × 105) + (1.09 × 105) Pa = 2.10 × 105 Pa (Pascal) Example 2. At a point in a pond pressure of water is 1.03 x10 5 . What is the depth of that point from the surface of water? Solution: P fluid = r g h = (1.03 x103 kg/m 3 ) (10 m/s 2 ) (10 m) = 1.03 x 10 5 N/m 2 . Example 3. We have a swimming pool that is 3 meters in depth. Calculate the amount of pressure at the bottom of the swimming pool. Solution: P fluid = r g h = (1.03 × 103 kg/m 3 ) (9.8 m/s 2 ) (3 m) = 3.63 × 10 4 N/m 2 . P total = P atmosphere + P fluid = (1.01 × 10 5 ) + (3.63 × 10 4 ) Pa = 1.37 × 10 5 Pa (Pascal) Example 1. We have a swimming pool that is 3 meters in depth. Calculate the amount of pressure at the bottom of the swimming pool. Solution: P fluid = r g h = (1.03 × 103 kg/m 3 ) (9.8 m/s 2 ) (3 m) = 3.63 × 104 N/m 2 . P total = P atmosphere + P fluid = (1.01 × 105) + (3.63 × 104) Pa = 1.37 × 105 Pa (Pascal) Example 2. Weight of an object in the air is 200 N. The object is placed in a liquid. Increase in volume of liquid is 2.5 m 3 . If specific weight of the liquid is 10 N/m 3 , what is the weight of the object in liquid? Solution: Object’s weight in liquid = object’s weight in air – buoyant force Object’s weight in liquid = 100 N – buoyant force Fb = ρ g V The density of liquid is 1 kg/m 3 Fb = ρ g V = (1 kg/m 3 )(10 m/s 2 )(2.5 m 3 ) = 25kg m/s 2 = 25 N Object’s weight in fluid = 200 N – 25 N = 175N Example 3. An object that is having volume of 40 cm3and the mass of object is 72 g. Density of water is 1 gcm -3 . Will this object float on water or sink in water? Solution: Density = Mass/Volume = 72/40 = 1.8 Density of object is more than density of water, so object will sink in the water. Also, Check Archimedes' Principle Fluid Pressure Applications of Fluid Dynamics
Markdown	[![geeksforgeeks](https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/gfg-gg-logo.svg)](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/) ![search icon](https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/auth-dashboard-uploads/Property=Light---Default.svg) - Sign In - [Courses]() - [Tutorials]() - [Interview Prep]() - [Physics](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/physics/physics/) - [Acoustics](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/physics/acoustics/) - [Kinematics](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/physics/what-is-kinematics/) - [Wave Theory](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/physics/introduction-to-waves-definition-types-properties/) - [Electromagnetic Induction](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/physics/electromagnetic-induction/) - [Biology](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/biology/biology/) - [Chemistry](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/chemistry/chemistry/) - [School Resources](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/school-resources/geeksforgeeks-school/) - [Maths](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/maths/maths/) - [Notes Class 11](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/physics/cbse-class-11-physics-notes/) # Hydrostatic Pressure Last Updated : 23 Jul, 2025 Hydrostatic pressure can be stated as the pressure exerted by a fluid at equilibrium at a given point within the fluid, due to the force of gravity. Hydrostatic pressure is proportional to the depth measured from the surface as the weight of the fluid increases with a downward force applied. The fluid pressure can be caused by gravity, acceleration, or forces when in a closed container. Consider a container filled with water or any other fluid along with a ball in the bottom. Now consider the ball from the top of the container. There is the pressure exerted by the layer of water acting on the ball. As we move down from the top of the container to the bottom, the pressure exerted by the top layer on the ball adds up. This phenomenon is responsible for more pressure at the bottom of the container. Table of Content - [Hydrostatic Pressure Definition](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/physics/hydrostatic-pressure/#hydrostatic-pressure-definition) - [Hydrostatic Pressure Formula Derivation](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/physics/hydrostatic-pressure/#hydrostatic-pressure-formula-derivation) - [Buoyancy and its Effects](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/physics/hydrostatic-pressure/#buoyancy-and-its-effects) - [Hydrostatic Pressure Vs Osmotic Pressure](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/physics/hydrostatic-pressure/#hydrostatic-pressure-vs-osmotic-pressure) - [Applications of Hydrostatic Pressure](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/physics/hydrostatic-pressure/#applications-of-hydrostatic-pressure) - [Examples on Hydrostatic Pressure](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/physics/hydrostatic-pressure/#examples-on-hydrostatic-pressure) ## Hydrostatic Pressure Definition Hydrostatic Pressure also called fluid pressure can be defined as the pressure on a given object on the surface of a closed container or in the fluid. Gravity, acceleration, or forces outside the container, are the factors that cause the pressure. Pressure is a scalar quantity that is stated as force per unit area. Here force acts in the direction perpendicular to the surface. Depending on the context of use, there are several units in which pressure can be measured. > **Pressure = Force/ Area > > P = F / A where: - P is the Pressure - F is the Force - A is the Area Unit of pressure is N/m****2 or Pa (Pascal). ## Hydrostatic Pressure Formula Derivation Let us derive the formula for Pressure on an object submerged in a fluid. ![Hydrostatic Pressure Formula Derivation](https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/uploads/20210305181212/666.jpg) We know that, Pressure = Force/Area = F/A & Force = mass x acceleration = m × g (acceleration due to gravity) So: Pressure = F/A = mg/A ……………. (1) Now Density = Mass/Volume; So, Mass= Density x Volume ……………. (2) From equation 1 & 2, Pressure = (Density × Volume × Acceleration)/Area P = (ρ × g × v)/A > P = ρ × g × h where: - h = v/A = Height of Fluid above Object - ρ (rho) is Density of Fluid, - g is Acceleration of Gravity Pressure on an object submerged in a fluid is: > P = ρ g h ## Buoyancy and its Effects Buoyancy is a phenomenon caused due to [buoyant force](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/physics/buoyant-force/) that tenses an object to float. When you put an object in a liquid, an upward force is exerted on the object by the liquid, this force is equal to the weight of the liquid that has been displaced. The amount of liquid that has been displaced depends upon the density and the volume of the object immersed in the liquid. Buoyancy can be defined as an upward force exerted on an object that is completely or partially submerged in liquid. The unit of the buoyant force is Newton. It depends upon two factors: - Amount (Volume) of liquid displaced by object - Density of the object, F****b \= ρ g V Iron nail is very less in volume so, it displaces a very less amount of water. It causes less buoyant force in the upward direction therefore it sinks. Whereas ships have more volume and displace more water, therefore it causes greater buoyant force in the upward direction by water and it floats. ![What is buoyant force](https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/uploads/20221024004351/Buoyancy.png) ## Hydrostatic Pressure Vs Osmotic Pressure The comparison of hydrostatic pressure and [osmotic pressure](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/chemistry/osmotic-pressure-formula/) is added in table below: \| Feature \| Hydrostatic Pressure \| Osmotic Pressure \| \|---\|---\|---\| \| Definition \| Pressure exerted by a fluid at rest due to the weight of the fluid above it. \| Pressure required to stop the flow of solvent into a solution through a semipermeable membrane. \| \| Formula \| P = ρgh \| Π = i⋅C⋅R⋅T \| \| Measurement Units \| Pascal (Pa) Bar mmHg \| Pascal (Pa) atm mmHg \| \| Dependence \| Depth Fluid density Gravitational Force \| Solute concentration Temperature Van't Hoff factor \| \| Application \| Engineering (dams, submarines) Meteorology Hydraulics \| Biology (cell behavior) Medicine (intravenous fluids, dialysis) Chemistry (solution processes) \| \| Characteristics \| Increases linearly with depth Acts in all directions at a given depth Independent of fluid composition \| Increases with higher solute concentration Affects solvent movement across semipermeable membranes Depends on solute particles and their dissociation \| \| Measurement Method \| Directly measured with pressure gauges or calculated \| Measured indirectly through effects of osmosis or calculated using formulas \| ## Applications of Hydrostatic Pressure Some application of Hydrostatic Pressure are: - Engineering: In the design of dams, submarines, and underwater structures, engineers must account for hydrostatic pressure to ensure structural integrity. - Meteorology: Hydrostatic pressure principles are used in weather prediction models to understand atmospheric pressure changes with altitude. - Medicine: In medical applications, such as blood pressure measurements, hydrostatic pressure concepts help understand pressure variations in the circulatory system. Read More: > - [Osmosis](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/biology/osmosis/) > - [Diffusion](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/biology/diffusion-biology/) > - [Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/chemistry/osmosis-and-osmotic-pressure/) ## Examples on Hydrostatic Pressure Example 1. A scuba driver is diving 10 meters below the surface of the ocean. Find the pressure on the driver assuming the standard atmospheric conditions. Use the density of sea water = 1.03 X 10****3 kg/m****3 and the atmospheric pressure of 1.01 x 105 N/m****2****. Solution: > Pfluid = r g h > > \= (1.03 x103 kg/m3) (9.8 m/s2) (10 m) > > \= 1.09 × 105 N/m2. > > Ptotal = Patmosphere + Pfluid > > \= (1.01 × 105) + (1.09 × 105) Pa > > \= 2.10 × 105 Pa (Pascal) Example 2. At a point in a pond pressure of water is 1.03 x10****5****. What is the depth of that point from the surface of water? Solution: > Pfluid = r g h > > \= (1.03 x103 kg/m3) (10 m/s2) (10 m) > > \= 1.03 x 105 N/m2. Example 3. We have a swimming pool that is 3 meters in depth. Calculate the amount of pressure at the bottom of the swimming pool. Solution: > Pfluid = r g h > > \= (1.03 × 103 kg/m3) (9.8 m/s2) (3 m) > > \= 3.63 × 104 N/m2. > > Ptotal = Patmosphere + Pfluid > > \= (1.01 × 105) + (3.63 × 104) Pa > > \= 1.37 × 105 Pa (Pascal) Example 1. We have a swimming pool that is 3 meters in depth. Calculate the amount of pressure at the bottom of the swimming pool. Solution: > Pfluid = r g h > > \= (1.03 × 103 kg/m3) (9.8 m/s2) (3 m) > > \= 3.63 × 104 N/m2. > > Ptotal = Patmosphere + Pfluid > > \= (1.01 × 105) + (3.63 × 104) Pa > > \= 1.37 × 105 Pa (Pascal) Example 2. Weight of an object in the air is 200 N. The object is placed in a liquid. Increase in volume of liquid is 2.5 m****3****. If specific weight of the liquid is 10 N/m****3****, what is the weight of the object in liquid? Solution: > Object’s weight in liquid = object’s weight in air – buoyant force > > Object’s weight in liquid = 100 N – buoyant force > > Fb = ρ g V > > The density of liquid is 1 kg/m3 > > Fb = ρ g V > > \= (1 kg/m3)(10 m/s2)(2.5 m3) > > \= 25kg m/s2 > > \= 25 N > > Object’s weight in fluid = 200 N – 25 N = 175N Example 3. An object that is having volume of 40 cm3and the mass of object is 72 g. Density of water is 1 gcm****\-3****. Will this object float on water or sink in water? Solution: > Density = Mass/Volume > > \= 72/40 = 1.8 > > Density of object is more than density of water, so object will sink in the water. Also, Check > - [Archimedes' Principle](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/physics/archimedes-principle/) > - [Fluid Pressure](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/physics/fluid-pressure/) > - [Applications of Fluid Dynamics**](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/physics/applications-of-fluid-dynamics/) Comment [D](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/user/dheerajhinaniya/) [dheerajhinaniya](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/user/dheerajhinaniya/) 1 Article Tags: Article Tags: [School Learning](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/category/school-learning/) [Class 8](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/category/school-learning/class-8/) [Physics](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/category/school-learning/physics/) [Physics-Class-8](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/tag/physics-class-8/) ### Explore [![GeeksforGeeks](https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/auth-dashboard-uploads/gfgFooterLogo.png)](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/) ![location](https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/img-practice/Location-1685004904.svg) Corporate & Communications Address: A-143, 7th Floor, Sovereign Corporate Tower, Sector- 136, Noida, Uttar Pradesh (201305) ![location](https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/img-practice/Location-1685004904.svg) Registered Address: K 061, Tower K, Gulshan Vivante Apartment, Sector 137, Noida, Gautam Buddh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, 201305 [![GFG App on Play Store](https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/auth-dashboard-uploads/googleplay-%281%29.png)](https://geeksforgeeksapp.page.link/gfg-app)[![GFG App on App Store](https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/auth-dashboard-uploads/appstore-%281%29.png)](https://geeksforgeeksapp.page.link/gfg-app) - Company - [About Us](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/about/) - [Legal](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/legal/) - [Privacy Policy](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/legal/privacy-policy/) - [Contact Us](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/about/contact-us/) - [Advertise with us](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/advertise-with-us/) - [GFG Corporate Solution](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/gfg-corporate-solution/) - [Campus Training Program](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/campus-training-program/) - Explore - [POTD](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/problem-of-the-day) - [Job-A-Thon](https://practice.geeksforgeeks.org/events/rec/job-a-thon/) - [Blogs](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/category/blogs/?type=recent) - [Nation Skill Up](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/nation-skill-up/) - Tutorials - [Programming Languages](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/computer-science-fundamentals/programming-language-tutorials/) - [DSA](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/dsa/dsa-tutorial-learn-data-structures-and-algorithms/) - [Web Technology](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/web-tech/web-technology/) - [AI, ML & Data Science](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/machine-learning/ai-ml-and-data-science-tutorial-learn-ai-ml-and-data-science/) - [DevOps](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/devops/devops-tutorial/) - [CS Core Subjects](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/gate/gate-exam-tutorial/) - [Interview Preparation](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/aptitude/interview-corner/) - [Software and Tools](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/websites-apps/software-and-tools-a-to-z-list/) - Courses - [ML and Data Science](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/courses/category/machine-learning-data-science) - [DSA and Placements](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/courses/category/dsa-placements) - [Web Development](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/courses/category/development-testing) - [Programming Languages](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/courses/category/programming-languages) - [DevOps & Cloud](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/courses/category/cloud-devops) - [GATE](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/courses/category/gate) - [Trending Technologies](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/courses/category/trending-technologies/) - Videos - [DSA](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/videos/category/sde-sheet/) - [Python](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/videos/category/python/) - [Java](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/videos/category/java-w6y5f4/) - [C++](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/videos/category/c/) - [Web Development](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/videos/category/web-development/) - [Data Science](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/videos/category/data-science/) - [CS Subjects](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/videos/category/cs-subjects/) - Preparation Corner - [Interview Corner](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/interview-prep/interview-corner/) - [Aptitude](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/aptitude/aptitude-questions-and-answers/) - [Puzzles](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/aptitude/puzzles/) - [GfG 160](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/courses/gfg-160-series) - [System Design](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/system-design/system-design-tutorial/) [@GeeksforGeeks, Sanchhaya Education Private Limited](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/), [All rights reserved](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/copyright-information/) ![]()
Readable Markdown	Last Updated : 23 Jul, 2025 Hydrostatic pressure can be stated as the pressure exerted by a fluid at equilibrium at a given point within the fluid, due to the force of gravity. Hydrostatic pressure is proportional to the depth measured from the surface as the weight of the fluid increases with a downward force applied. The fluid pressure can be caused by gravity, acceleration, or forces when in a closed container. Consider a container filled with water or any other fluid along with a ball in the bottom. Now consider the ball from the top of the container. There is the pressure exerted by the layer of water acting on the ball. As we move down from the top of the container to the bottom, the pressure exerted by the top layer on the ball adds up. This phenomenon is responsible for more pressure at the bottom of the container. Table of Content - [Hydrostatic Pressure Definition](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/physics/hydrostatic-pressure/#hydrostatic-pressure-definition) - [Hydrostatic Pressure Formula Derivation](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/physics/hydrostatic-pressure/#hydrostatic-pressure-formula-derivation) - [Buoyancy and its Effects](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/physics/hydrostatic-pressure/#buoyancy-and-its-effects) - [Hydrostatic Pressure Vs Osmotic Pressure](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/physics/hydrostatic-pressure/#hydrostatic-pressure-vs-osmotic-pressure) - [Applications of Hydrostatic Pressure](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/physics/hydrostatic-pressure/#applications-of-hydrostatic-pressure) - [Examples on Hydrostatic Pressure](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/physics/hydrostatic-pressure/#examples-on-hydrostatic-pressure) ## Hydrostatic Pressure Definition Hydrostatic Pressure also called fluid pressure can be defined as the pressure on a given object on the surface of a closed container or in the fluid. Gravity, acceleration, or forces outside the container, are the factors that cause the pressure. Pressure is a scalar quantity that is stated as force per unit area. Here force acts in the direction perpendicular to the surface. Depending on the context of use, there are several units in which pressure can be measured. > **Pressure = Force/ Area > > P = F / A where: - P is the Pressure - F is the Force - A is the Area Unit of pressure is N/m****2 or Pa (Pascal). ## Hydrostatic Pressure Formula Derivation Let us derive the formula for Pressure on an object submerged in a fluid. ![Hydrostatic Pressure Formula Derivation](https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/uploads/20210305181212/666.jpg) We know that, Pressure = Force/Area = F/A & Force = mass x acceleration = m × g (acceleration due to gravity) So: Pressure = F/A = mg/A ……………. (1) Now Density = Mass/Volume; So, Mass= Density x Volume ……………. (2) From equation 1 & 2, Pressure = (Density × Volume × Acceleration)/Area P = (ρ × g × v)/A > P = ρ × g × h where: - h = v/A = Height of Fluid above Object - ρ (rho) is Density of Fluid, - g is Acceleration of Gravity Pressure on an object submerged in a fluid is: > P = ρ g h ## Buoyancy and its Effects Buoyancy is a phenomenon caused due to [buoyant force](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/physics/buoyant-force/) that tenses an object to float. When you put an object in a liquid, an upward force is exerted on the object by the liquid, this force is equal to the weight of the liquid that has been displaced. The amount of liquid that has been displaced depends upon the density and the volume of the object immersed in the liquid. Buoyancy can be defined as an upward force exerted on an object that is completely or partially submerged in liquid. The unit of the buoyant force is Newton. It depends upon two factors: - Amount (Volume) of liquid displaced by object - Density of the object, F****b \= ρ g V Iron nail is very less in volume so, it displaces a very less amount of water. It causes less buoyant force in the upward direction therefore it sinks. Whereas ships have more volume and displace more water, therefore it causes greater buoyant force in the upward direction by water and it floats. ![What is buoyant force](https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/uploads/20221024004351/Buoyancy.png) ## Hydrostatic Pressure Vs Osmotic Pressure The comparison of hydrostatic pressure and [osmotic pressure](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/chemistry/osmotic-pressure-formula/) is added in table below: \| Feature \| Hydrostatic Pressure \| Osmotic Pressure \| \|---\|---\|---\| \| Definition \| Pressure exerted by a fluid at rest due to the weight of the fluid above it. \| Pressure required to stop the flow of solvent into a solution through a semipermeable membrane. \| \| Formula \| P = ρgh \| Π = i⋅C⋅R⋅T \| \| Measurement Units \| Pascal (Pa) Bar mmHg \| Pascal (Pa) atm mmHg \| \| Dependence \| Depth Fluid density Gravitational Force \| Solute concentration Temperature Van't Hoff factor \| \| Application \| Engineering (dams, submarines) Meteorology Hydraulics \| Biology (cell behavior) Medicine (intravenous fluids, dialysis) Chemistry (solution processes) \| \| Characteristics \| Increases linearly with depth Acts in all directions at a given depth Independent of fluid composition \| Increases with higher solute concentration Affects solvent movement across semipermeable membranes Depends on solute particles and their dissociation \| \| Measurement Method \| Directly measured with pressure gauges or calculated \| Measured indirectly through effects of osmosis or calculated using formulas \| ## Applications of Hydrostatic Pressure Some application of Hydrostatic Pressure are: - Engineering: In the design of dams, submarines, and underwater structures, engineers must account for hydrostatic pressure to ensure structural integrity. - Meteorology: Hydrostatic pressure principles are used in weather prediction models to understand atmospheric pressure changes with altitude. - Medicine: In medical applications, such as blood pressure measurements, hydrostatic pressure concepts help understand pressure variations in the circulatory system. Read More: > - [Osmosis](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/biology/osmosis/) > - [Diffusion](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/biology/diffusion-biology/) > - [Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/chemistry/osmosis-and-osmotic-pressure/) ## Examples on Hydrostatic Pressure Example 1. A scuba driver is diving 10 meters below the surface of the ocean. Find the pressure on the driver assuming the standard atmospheric conditions. Use the density of sea water = 1.03 X 10****3 kg/m****3 and the atmospheric pressure of 1.01 x 105 N/m****2****. Solution: > Pfluid = r g h > > \= (1.03 x103 kg/m3) (9.8 m/s2) (10 m) > > \= 1.09 × 105 N/m2. > > Ptotal = Patmosphere + Pfluid > > \= (1.01 × 105) + (1.09 × 105) Pa > > \= 2.10 × 105 Pa (Pascal) Example 2. At a point in a pond pressure of water is 1.03 x10****5****. What is the depth of that point from the surface of water? Solution: > Pfluid = r g h > > \= (1.03 x103 kg/m3) (10 m/s2) (10 m) > > \= 1.03 x 105 N/m2. Example 3. We have a swimming pool that is 3 meters in depth. Calculate the amount of pressure at the bottom of the swimming pool. Solution: > Pfluid = r g h > > \= (1.03 × 103 kg/m3) (9.8 m/s2) (3 m) > > \= 3.63 × 104 N/m2. > > Ptotal = Patmosphere + Pfluid > > \= (1.01 × 105) + (3.63 × 104) Pa > > \= 1.37 × 105 Pa (Pascal) Example 1. We have a swimming pool that is 3 meters in depth. Calculate the amount of pressure at the bottom of the swimming pool. Solution: > Pfluid = r g h > > \= (1.03 × 103 kg/m3) (9.8 m/s2) (3 m) > > \= 3.63 × 104 N/m2. > > Ptotal = Patmosphere + Pfluid > > \= (1.01 × 105) + (3.63 × 104) Pa > > \= 1.37 × 105 Pa (Pascal) Example 2. Weight of an object in the air is 200 N. The object is placed in a liquid. Increase in volume of liquid is 2.5 m****3****. If specific weight of the liquid is 10 N/m****3****, what is the weight of the object in liquid? Solution: > Object’s weight in liquid = object’s weight in air – buoyant force > > Object’s weight in liquid = 100 N – buoyant force > > Fb = ρ g V > > The density of liquid is 1 kg/m3 > > Fb = ρ g V > > \= (1 kg/m3)(10 m/s2)(2.5 m3) > > \= 25kg m/s2 > > \= 25 N > > Object’s weight in fluid = 200 N – 25 N = 175N Example 3. An object that is having volume of 40 cm3and the mass of object is 72 g. Density of water is 1 gcm****\-3****. Will this object float on water or sink in water? Solution: > Density = Mass/Volume > > \= 72/40 = 1.8 > > Density of object is more than density of water, so object will sink in the water. Also, Check > - [Archimedes' Principle](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/physics/archimedes-principle/) > - [Fluid Pressure](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/physics/fluid-pressure/) > - [Applications of Fluid Dynamics**](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/physics/applications-of-fluid-dynamics/)
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