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Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 79 (from laksa017)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa079.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.forhers.com/blog/which-antidepressant-is-best-for-me\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.forhers.com/blog/which-antidepressant-is-best-for-me\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/which-antidepressant-is-best-for-me","crawl_time":1775665179,"first_indexed_time":1667094651,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"com,forhers!www,\/blog\/which-antidepressant-is-best-for-me s443","src_root_hash":"14475777380408463279","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Which Antidepressant Is Best for Me? | Take Care by Hers","meta_descriptions":["Struggling with depression? Deciding “which antidepressant is best for me” hinges on factors like your symptoms and health conditions. Read on to find a match."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Which antidepressant is best for me? It’s a good question if you struggle with an\nanxiety disorder\nor\ndepression\nand are thinking of talking to a healthcare provider about your treatment options.\nThe journey to finding the perfect match for your mental health needs involves patience and potentially a bit of experimentation. The right treatment for you can depend on your symptoms, illness severity, existing health conditions, and perhaps most importantly of all, your genetics. \nSo, if you’re looking to answer “\nWhich depression medication is best for me?\n”, we don’t have a definitive answer. But we also understand that knowledge is power. Below, we outline the different antidepressant options available and what to expect from their effects.\nHealthcare professionals prescribe antidepressants medications to treat\nseveral conditions\n, including:\nMajor depression\nGeneralized anxiety disorder (GAD)\nObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)\nPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)\nChronic pain\nSome antidepressants can also help with\npanic disorder\nand\nsocial phobia\n.\nAdditionally, because antidepressants\ncan sometimes\nworsen\nbipolar disorder\nsymptoms, they’re not a first-line treatment. \nFrom 2015 to 2018, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that over\n13 percent\nof U.S. adults used antidepressants in the past month.\nMany of these medications work by\nmodifying or balancing\ncertain brain chemicals known as neurotransmitters.\nResearch\nsuggests that antidepressants may be more effective for moderate to severe depression and might be less helpful for mild cases.\nThe main types of antidepressants are:\nSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)\nSerotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)\nTricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)\nMonoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)\nAtypical antidepressants\nLearn more about these drugs and their potential side effects in our\nfull list of antidepressants\n.\nKeep reading to find out how these medications could work for you.\nAnxiety medication\nWorried about anxiety?\nAntidepressants each have their unique ways of working and come with their own set of side effects, which can vary from person to person.  \nSelective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)\nExperts believe selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) work by\npreventing\nserotonin-producing brain cells from reabsorbing the neurotransmitter after it’s released.\nSerotonin is a chemical responsible for\nregulating certain body functions\n, like sleep and mood.\nSome examples of SSRIs include: \nCitalopram\n(Celexa\n®\n)\nEscitalopram\n(Lexapro\n®\n)\nFluvoxamine (Luvox\n®\n)\nFluoxetine\n(Prozac\n®\n)\nParoxetine\n(Paxil\n®\n)\nSertraline\n(Zoloft\n®\n)\nDoctors primarily prescribe SSRIs to treat major depressive disorder, but may sometimes prescribe them for the treatment of: \nAnxiety\nOCD\nPanic disorders\nSocial anxiety disorder\nPTSD\nEating disorders\nThese antidepressant drugs are a first-line choice for treating depression and other mental health conditions because they’re\neffective\nand come with fewer side effects compared to older antidepressants such as tricyclic antidepressants.\nWhich SSRI is right for me? \nA meta-analysis of\n522 randomized controlled trials\nrevealed that escitalopram, paroxetine, and sertraline are among the most effective and well-tolerated SSRIs.\nBut like any medication, side effects are possible.\nSome\ncommon side effects of SSRIs\ninclude:\nWeight gain\nSexual side effects\nNausea\nTrouble sleeping (insomnia)\nDrowsiness\nOne\nstudy\nfound that compared to sertraline, escitalopram and paroxetine may increase the risk of gaining at least 5 percent of your baseline weight.\nSerotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)\nSimilar to SSRIs, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) also work by preventing the brain from reabsorbing the chemical serotonin, plus norepinephrine.\nNorepinephrine\nincreases\nalertness and attention, affects your mood and sleep cycle and is part of your body’s emergency response system to danger (AKA your fight-or-flight response).\nIn addition to depression, SNRIs\ncan help with\n:\nAnxiety disorders\nPanic disorder\nFibromyalgia\nChronic musculoskeletal pain resulting from conditions like\narthritis\nDiabetic peripheral neuropathic pain (nerve pain and damage from diabetes)\nSNRIs might also help you if you haven’t responded well to SSRIs. \nSome common SNRIs include: \nVenlafaxine\n(Effexor\n®\n)\nLevomilnacipran (Fetzima\n®\n)\nDuloxetine\n(Cymbalta\n®\n)\nDesvenlafaxine (Pristiq\n®\n)\nThe possible side effects of SNRIs are\nsimilar\nto those of SSRIs and can include:\nInsomnia\nHeadaches\nNausea\nDry mouth\nSexual dysfunction\nResearch\nshows that SNRIs can be just as effective as SSRIs for treating depression, with a slightly higher chance of remission, but also a higher risk of difficult to tolerate side effects.\nWhich SNRI is right for me?\nA\nmeta-analysis\nfound that venlafaxine, a commonly-prescribed SNRI, was well tolerated and more effective at treating symptoms of GAD than a placebo. Venlafaxine, along with other antidepressants approved for GAD, might be a fit for you if you live with depression\nand\nanxiety symptoms. \nMany psychiatrists choose duloxetine when they believe a patient will benefit from an SNRI because, compared to the others, its effects on serotonin and norepinephrine are more balanced.\nTricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)\nTricyclic antidepressants are an\nolder class\nof medications. Healthcare professionals may prescribe them to treat:\nMajor depression\nAnxiety disorders\nChronic pain\nLike other antidepressants, TCAs work to increase serotonin and norepinephrine levels in the brain, affecting mood and alertness.\nTCAs are just as effective as SSRIs in treating depression but they carry a higher risk of side effects. \nCommon side effects of TCAs include:\nBlurred vision\nDry mouth\nConstipation\nLow blood pressure\nRapid heartbeat\nWeight gain\nA\nreview of studies\nsuggests that compared to SSRIs and SNRIs, TCAs have lower tolerability, higher heart-related risks, and higher discontinuation rates — meaning people tend to stop taking the medication early on.\nTCAs can also have harmful side effects if you take them with certain medications or if you have certain health conditions, like glaucoma or heart vessel damage.\nYour healthcare provider may prescribe a tricyclic antidepressant if you don’t respond well to SSRIs or SNRIs.\nMany tricyclic antidepressants are only available as generic brands. Some examples of TCAs for anxiety and depression include desipramine (Norpramin\n®\n),\ndoxepin\n, imipramine (Tofranil\n®\n),\nnortriptyline\n(Pamelor\n®\n), and\namitriptyline\n.\nMonoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)\nMonoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are another older class of antidepressants. Again, doctors\ndon’t typically prescribe\nthem as a first-line treatment for mental health disorders anymore. \nMAOIs block the enzyme monoamine oxidase, which breaks down neurotransmitters like serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, and tyramine.\nAlthough effective, these antidepressants can cause dangerous interactions with medications, supplements, and foods containing tyramine. \nLike TCAs, a healthcare professional may prescribe MAOIs when other antidepressant medications don’t work.\nExamples of MAOIs include:\nphenelzine (Nardil\n®\n)\nselegiline (Emsam\n®\n)\ntranylcypromine (Parnate\n®\n)\nAtypical Antidepressants\nAtypical antidepressants don’t fit into the other categories of antidepressants.\nTake\nbupropion\n(Wellbutrin XL\n®\n), for instance. It’s a\ncommon\ntreatment for depression and\nseasonal affective disorder (SAD)\n.\nEach atypical antidepressant works differently. \nBupropion, unlike SSRIs and SNRIs, prevents the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine. Dopamine helps you feel pleasure and gives you motivation to work for the things you want. It also helps with focus and concentration.\nAnother atypical antidepressant, mirtazapine, blocks alpha-2 adrenergic receptors, allowing for the release of norepinephrine.\nAtypical antidepressants like bupropion and mirtazapine are just as effective as other antidepressants in treating depression, but bupropion doesn’t work well for anxiety.\nPersonalized mental health\nFeeling better is possible\nThe short answer: it depends.\nThe best antidepressant for you is the one that effectively addresses your symptoms, fits the severity of your condition, and aligns with your health status and current medications. \nYour healthcare provider can help you consider the following factors when deciding on an antidepressant for you:\nSide effects\nCost\nWhether you’ve responded well to other medications \nYour preferences\nThe most important factor, however, may be your genetics. It would be nice if we had a genetic test that would tell us which antidepressant is best, but there are so many different genes involved, it’s too complicated for the current state of our technology. If a close relative responds well to an antidepressant, there’s a good chance it will work for you, too, but in most cases, it’s trial and error. If one antidepressant isn’t right, try another. Patience and persistence pay off.\nBefore starting a new medication, discuss any current health conditions and medications with your provider. It’s also important to keep them in the loop about any new or persisting side effects and how you’re feeling throughout your treatment. \nThe main goal of antidepressants is to relieve your symptoms and help you get back to living your life. \nFinding the best antidepressant takes time, especially since it can take a few weeks to start seeing noticeable changes in mood or behavior.\nFinding the best\nantidepressant for major depression\nor anxiety disorders can take some trial and error.\nResearch has shown that combining psychotherapy and antidepressant medications might be beneficial. \nA\nreview of 52 studies involving over 3,600 patients\nfound that a combination of antidepressant medications and\npsychotherapy\nfor those with an anxiety or depressive disorder was slightly more effective than antidepressant medications alone.\nAnxiety Treatment\nMore for your mind\nThe best depression medication for you is the one that offers the most benefits with the fewest side effects. Ultimately, everyone’s journey to finding the right antidepressant and depression treatment is unique.\nLet’s recap what we know about antidepressants:\nYou have quite a few options\n. Even if you don’t respond to the first antidepressant you try, there are plenty of other medications available that can target depression symptoms.\nYou might experience side effects\n. Deciding on the right antidepressant for you involves weighing the pros and cons of each one — including the side effects. \nYou can always try a different option, but talk to your provider first\n. Don’t stop taking an antidepressant without first consulting a healthcare professional. \nNot sure where to start with mental health treatment? Take our short\nonline mental health assessment\nto get started on a tailored treatment plan just for you!\nRelated Drug Comparisons\nAdderall vs. Lexapro\nCymbalta vs. Prozac\nBuspirone vs. Xanax\nCymbalta vs. Zoloft\nCymbalta vs. Lexapro\nLexapro vs. Prozac\nLexapro vs. Wellbutrin\nLexapro vs. Zoloft\nProzac vs. Zoloft\nSertraline vs. Zoloft\n21 Sources\nAdrenal hormones. (2022).\nhttps:\/\/www.endocrine.org\/patient-engagement\/endocrine-library\/hormones-and-endocrine-function\/adrenal-hormones\nAnxiety disorders. (2024).\nhttps:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/topics\/anxiety-disorders\nBrain hormones. (2022).\nhttps:\/\/www.endocrine.org\/patient-engagement\/endocrine-library\/hormones-and-endocrine-function\/brain-hormones\nBrody DJ, et al. (2020). Antidepressant use among adults: United States, 2015-2018.\nhttps:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/products\/databriefs\/db377.htm\nBupropion (Wellbutrin). (2024).\nhttps:\/\/www.nami.org\/About-Mental-Illness\/Treatments\/Mental-Health-Medications\/Types-of-Medication\/Bupropion-(Wellbutrin\n)\nChu A, et al. (2023). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.\nhttps:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK554406\/\nCipriani A, et al. (2018). Comparative efficacy and acceptability of 21 antidepressant drugs for the acute treatment of adults with major depressive disorder: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.\nhttps:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5889788\/\nCuijpers P, et al. (2014). Adding psychotherapy to antidepressant medication in depression and anxiety disorders: A meta-analysis.\nhttps:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3918025\/En\nEdinoff AN, et al. (2021). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and adverse effects: A narrative review.\nhttps:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8395812\/\nFournier JC, et al. (2010). Antidepressant drug effects and depression severity: A patient-level meta-analysis.\nhttps:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3712503\/\nHarmer CJ, et al. (2017). How do antidepressants work? New perspectives for refining future treatment approaches.\nhttps:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5410405\/\nLaban TS, et al. (2023). Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI).\nhttps:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK539848\/\nLi X, et al. (2017). Short-term efficacy and tolerability of venlafaxine extended release in adults with generalized anxiety disorder without depression: A meta-analysis.\nhttps:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5628888\/\nMachado M, et al. (2010). Comparison of SSRIs and SNRIs in major depressive disorder: A meta-analysis of head-to-head randomized clinical trials.\nhttps:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK79954\/\nMalhi GS. (2015). Antidepressants in bipolar depression: Yes, no, maybe?\nhttps:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC11234584\/\nMoraczewski J, et al. (2023). Tricyclic antidepressants.\nhttps:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK557791\/\nPetimar J, et al. (2024). Medication-induced weight change across common antidepressant treatments: A target trial emulation study.\nhttps:\/\/www.acpjournals.org\/doi\/10.7326\/M23-2742\nSansone RA, et al. (2014). Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors: A pharmacological comparison.\nhttps:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4008300\/\nSantarsieri D, et al. (2015). Antidepressant efficacy and side-effect burden: A quick guide for clinicians.\nhttps:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4630974\/\nSheffler ZM, et al. (2023). Antidepressants.\nhttps:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK538182\/\nWang SM, et al. (2018). Addressing the side effects of contemporary antidepressant drugs: A comprehensive review.\nhttps:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5972123\/\nEditorial Standards\nHims & Hers has\nstrict sourcing guidelines\nto ensure our content is accurate and current. We rely on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. We strive to use primary sources and refrain from using tertiary references. See a mistake? Let us know at\nblog@forhims.com\n!","attrs_markdown":"- [All](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog)\n- [Weight Loss](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/weight-loss)\n- [Menopause](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/menopause)\n- [Mental Health](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/mental-health)\n- [Hair](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/hair)\n- [Skin](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/skin)\n- [News](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/news)\n\nContent\n\n1. [What Is an Antidepressant?](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/which-antidepressant-is-best-for-me#what-is-an-antidepressant)\n2. [How Different Antidepressants Work](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/which-antidepressant-is-best-for-me#how-different-antidepressants-work)\n3. [Which Antidepressant Is Best For Me?](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/which-antidepressant-is-best-for-me#which-antidepressant-is-best-for-me)\n4. [Other Treatment Options](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/which-antidepressant-is-best-for-me#other-treatment-options)\n5. [Bottom Line: Which Depression Medication Is Best For Me?](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/which-antidepressant-is-best-for-me#bottom-line-which-depression-medication-is-best-for-me)\n\n**Free** Mental Health Assessment\n\n[Start here](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/c\/mh)\n\n1. [Home](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog)\n2. [Mental Health](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/mental-health)\n3. Which Antidepressant Is Best for Me?\n# Which Antidepressant Is Best for Me?\n\n![Daniel Z. Lieberman, MD](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/forhims\/image\/upload\/q_auto,f_auto,fl_lossy,c_limit\/\/v1688592148\/dr-daniel.png)\n\nReviewed by [Daniel Z. Lieberman, MD](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/medical-experts\/daniel-lieberman-dr)\n\nWritten by [Jill Seladi-Schulman, PhD](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/authors\/jill-seladi-schulman)\n\nPublished 09\/23\/2022\n\nUpdated 04\/30\/2025\n\nWhich antidepressant is best for me? It’s a good question if you struggle with an [anxiety disorder](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/conditions\/anxiety) or [depression](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/conditions\/depression) and are thinking of talking to a healthcare provider about your treatment options.\n\nThe journey to finding the perfect match for your mental health needs involves patience and potentially a bit of experimentation. The right treatment for you can depend on your symptoms, illness severity, existing health conditions, and perhaps most importantly of all, your genetics.\n\nSo, if you’re looking to answer “*Which depression medication is best for me?*”, we don’t have a definitive answer. But we also understand that knowledge is power. Below, we outline the different antidepressant options available and what to expect from their effects.\n\nContent\n\n1. [What Is an Antidepressant?](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/which-antidepressant-is-best-for-me#what-is-an-antidepressant)\n2. [How Different Antidepressants Work](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/which-antidepressant-is-best-for-me#how-different-antidepressants-work)\n3. [Which Antidepressant Is Best For Me?](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/which-antidepressant-is-best-for-me#which-antidepressant-is-best-for-me)\n4. [Other Treatment Options](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/which-antidepressant-is-best-for-me#other-treatment-options)\n5. [Bottom Line: Which Depression Medication Is Best For Me?](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/which-antidepressant-is-best-for-me#bottom-line-which-depression-medication-is-best-for-me)\n\n[What Is an Antidepressant?](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/which-antidepressant-is-best-for-me#what-is-an-antidepressant)\n\nCopy Link\n\nHealthcare professionals prescribe antidepressants medications to treat [several conditions](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK538182\/), including:\n\n- Major depression\n- [Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/panic-disorder-vs-gad)\n- [Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/ocd-symptoms)\n- [Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/therapy-for-ptsd)\n- [Chronic pain](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/living-with-chronic-pain)\n\nSome antidepressants can also help with[panic disorder](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/conditions\/panic-disorder) and[social phobia](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/social-phobia-vs-social-anxiety).\n\nAdditionally, because antidepressants [can sometimes](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC11234584\/) worsen [bipolar disorder](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/bipolar-disorder) symptoms, they’re not a first-line treatment.\n\nFrom 2015 to 2018, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that over [13 percent](https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/products\/databriefs\/db377.htm) of U.S. adults used antidepressants in the past month.\n\nMany of these medications work by [modifying or balancing](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5410405\/) certain brain chemicals known as neurotransmitters.\n\n[Research](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3712503\/) suggests that antidepressants may be more effective for moderate to severe depression and might be less helpful for mild cases.\n\nThe main types of antidepressants are:\n\n- [Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/ssri-drugs-overview-types)\n- Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)\n- [Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/tricyclic-antidepressants-guide)\n- [Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/maoi-drugs)\n- Atypical antidepressants\n\nLearn more about these drugs and their potential side effects in our [full list of antidepressants](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/full-list-antidepressants-ssri-snri).\n\nKeep reading to find out how these medications could work for you.\n\n[Anxiety medication](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/psychiatry)\n\n#### Worried about anxiety?\n\nGet treatment\n\nLearn more\n\n![woman with curly brown hair](https:\/\/cloudinary.forhims.com\/image\/upload\/v1722957747\/2024%20Blog%20CTA%20Updates\/Hers\/Mental%20Health\/Blog-Hers-CVRUpdate-MH-CTA-WorriedAboutAnxiety.png)\n\n[How Different Antidepressants Work](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/which-antidepressant-is-best-for-me#how-different-antidepressants-work)\n\nCopy Link\n\nAntidepressants each have their unique ways of working and come with their own set of side effects, which can vary from person to person.\n\n### Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)\nExperts believe selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) work by [preventing](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK554406\/) serotonin-producing brain cells from reabsorbing the neurotransmitter after it’s released.\n\nSerotonin is a chemical responsible for [regulating certain body functions](https:\/\/www.endocrine.org\/patient-engagement\/endocrine-library\/hormones-and-endocrine-function\/brain-hormones), like sleep and mood.\n\nSome examples of SSRIs include:\n\n- [Citalopram](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/psychiatry\/citalopram) (Celexa®)\n- [Escitalopram](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/psychiatry\/escitalopram) (Lexapro®)\n- Fluvoxamine (Luvox®)\n- [Fluoxetine](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/psychiatry\/fluoxetine) (Prozac®)\n- [Paroxetine](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/psychiatry\/paroxetine) (Paxil®)\n- [Sertraline](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/psychiatry\/sertraline) (Zoloft®)\n\nDoctors primarily prescribe SSRIs to treat major depressive disorder, but may sometimes prescribe them for the treatment of:\n\n- Anxiety\n- OCD\n- Panic disorders\n- Social anxiety disorder\n- PTSD\n- Eating disorders\n\nThese antidepressant drugs are a first-line choice for treating depression and other mental health conditions because they’re [effective](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8395812\/) and come with fewer side effects compared to older antidepressants such as tricyclic antidepressants.\n\n#### Which SSRI is right for me?\nA meta-analysis of [522 randomized controlled trials](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5889788\/) revealed that escitalopram, paroxetine, and sertraline are among the most effective and well-tolerated SSRIs.\n\nBut like any medication, side effects are possible.\n\nSome[common side effects of SSRIs](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/side-effects-of-ssri) include:\n\n- Weight gain\n- Sexual side effects\n- Nausea\n- Trouble sleeping (insomnia)\n- Drowsiness\n\nOne [study](https:\/\/www.acpjournals.org\/doi\/10.7326\/M23-2742) found that compared to sertraline, escitalopram and paroxetine may increase the risk of gaining at least 5 percent of your baseline weight.\n\n### Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)\nSimilar to SSRIs, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) also work by preventing the brain from reabsorbing the chemical serotonin, plus norepinephrine.\n\nNorepinephrine [increases](https:\/\/www.endocrine.org\/patient-engagement\/endocrine-library\/hormones-and-endocrine-function\/adrenal-hormones)alertness and attention, affects your mood and sleep cycle and is part of your body’s emergency response system to danger (AKA your fight-or-flight response).\n\nIn addition to depression, SNRIs [can help with](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4008300\/):\n\n- Anxiety disorders\n- Panic disorder\n- Fibromyalgia\n- Chronic musculoskeletal pain resulting from conditions like [arthritis](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/conditions\/arthritis)\n- Diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain (nerve pain and damage from diabetes)\n\nSNRIs might also help you if you haven’t responded well to SSRIs.\n\nSome common SNRIs include:\n\n- [Venlafaxine](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/psychiatry\/venlafaxine) (Effexor®)\n- Levomilnacipran (Fetzima®)\n- [Duloxetine](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/psychiatry\/duloxetine) (Cymbalta®)\n- Desvenlafaxine (Pristiq®)\n\nThe possible side effects of SNRIs are [similar](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4630974\/) to those of SSRIs and can include:\n\n- Insomnia\n- Headaches\n- Nausea\n- Dry mouth\n- Sexual dysfunction\n\n[Research](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK79954\/) shows that SNRIs can be just as effective as SSRIs for treating depression, with a slightly higher chance of remission, but also a higher risk of difficult to tolerate side effects.\n\n#### Which SNRI is right for me?\nA [meta-analysis](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5628888\/) found that venlafaxine, a commonly-prescribed SNRI, was well tolerated and more effective at treating symptoms of GAD than a placebo. Venlafaxine, along with other antidepressants approved for GAD, might be a fit for you if you live with depression *and* anxiety symptoms.\n\nMany psychiatrists choose duloxetine when they believe a patient will benefit from an SNRI because, compared to the others, its effects on serotonin and norepinephrine are more balanced.\n\n### Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)\nTricyclic antidepressants are an [older class](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK557791\/) of medications. Healthcare professionals may prescribe them to treat:\n\n- Major depression\n- Anxiety disorders\n- Chronic pain\n\nLike other antidepressants, TCAs work to increase serotonin and norepinephrine levels in the brain, affecting mood and alertness.\n\nTCAs are just as effective as SSRIs in treating depression but they carry a higher risk of side effects.\n\nCommon side effects of TCAs include:\n\n- Blurred vision\n- Dry mouth\n- Constipation\n- Low blood pressure\n- Rapid heartbeat\n- Weight gain\n\nA [review of studies](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5972123\/) suggests that compared to SSRIs and SNRIs, TCAs have lower tolerability, higher heart-related risks, and higher discontinuation rates — meaning people tend to stop taking the medication early on.\n\nTCAs can also have harmful side effects if you take them with certain medications or if you have certain health conditions, like glaucoma or heart vessel damage.\n\nYour healthcare provider may prescribe a tricyclic antidepressant if you don’t respond well to SSRIs or SNRIs.\n\nMany tricyclic antidepressants are only available as generic brands. Some examples of TCAs for anxiety and depression include desipramine (Norpramin®), [doxepin](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/doxepin-faqs), imipramine (Tofranil®), [nortriptyline](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/nortiptyline-side-effects) (Pamelor®), and[amitriptyline](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/amitriptyline-anxiety).\n\n### Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)\nMonoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are another older class of antidepressants. Again, doctors [don’t typically prescribe](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK539848\/) them as a first-line treatment for mental health disorders anymore.\n\nMAOIs block the enzyme monoamine oxidase, which breaks down neurotransmitters like serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, and tyramine.\n\nAlthough effective, these antidepressants can cause dangerous interactions with medications, supplements, and foods containing tyramine.\n\nLike TCAs, a healthcare professional may prescribe MAOIs when other antidepressant medications don’t work.\n\nExamples of MAOIs include:\n\n- phenelzine (Nardil®)\n- selegiline (Emsam®)\n- tranylcypromine (Parnate®)\n### Atypical Antidepressants\nAtypical antidepressants don’t fit into the other categories of antidepressants.\n\nTake [bupropion](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/psychiatry\/bupropion) (Wellbutrin XL®), for instance. It’s a [common](https:\/\/www.nami.org\/About-Mental-Illness\/Treatments\/Mental-Health-Medications\/Types-of-Medication\/Bupropion-\\(Wellbutrin\\)) treatment for depression and [seasonal affective disorder (SAD)](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/seasonal-depression-symptoms).\n\nEach atypical antidepressant works differently.\n\nBupropion, unlike SSRIs and SNRIs, prevents the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine. Dopamine helps you feel pleasure and gives you motivation to work for the things you want. It also helps with focus and concentration.\n\nAnother atypical antidepressant, mirtazapine, blocks alpha-2 adrenergic receptors, allowing for the release of norepinephrine.\n\nAtypical antidepressants like bupropion and mirtazapine are just as effective as other antidepressants in treating depression, but bupropion doesn’t work well for anxiety.\n\n[Personalized mental health](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/psychiatry)\n\n#### Feeling better is possible\n\nStart now\n\nLearn more\n\n![Happy woman](https:\/\/cloudinary.forhims.com\/image\/upload\/v1722957747\/2024%20Blog%20CTA%20Updates\/Hers\/Mental%20Health\/Blog-Hers-CVRUpdate-MH-CTA-FeelingBetterIsPossible.png)\n\n[Which Antidepressant Is Best For Me?](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/which-antidepressant-is-best-for-me#which-antidepressant-is-best-for-me)\n\nCopy Link\n\nThe short answer: it depends.\n\nThe best antidepressant for you is the one that effectively addresses your symptoms, fits the severity of your condition, and aligns with your health status and current medications.\n\nYour healthcare provider can help you consider the following factors when deciding on an antidepressant for you:\n\n- Side effects\n- Cost\n- Whether you’ve responded well to other medications\n- Your preferences\n\nThe most important factor, however, may be your genetics. It would be nice if we had a genetic test that would tell us which antidepressant is best, but there are so many different genes involved, it’s too complicated for the current state of our technology. If a close relative responds well to an antidepressant, there’s a good chance it will work for you, too, but in most cases, it’s trial and error. If one antidepressant isn’t right, try another. Patience and persistence pay off.\n\nBefore starting a new medication, discuss any current health conditions and medications with your provider. It’s also important to keep them in the loop about any new or persisting side effects and how you’re feeling throughout your treatment.\n\nThe main goal of antidepressants is to relieve your symptoms and help you get back to living your life.\n\nFinding the best antidepressant takes time, especially since it can take a few weeks to start seeing noticeable changes in mood or behavior.\n\n[Other Treatment Options](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/which-antidepressant-is-best-for-me#other-treatment-options)\n\nCopy Link\n\nFinding the best [antidepressant for major depression](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/best-medication-for-depression) or anxiety disorders can take some trial and error.\n\nResearch has shown that combining psychotherapy and antidepressant medications might be beneficial.\n\nA [review of 52 studies involving over 3,600 patients](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3918025\/) found that a combination of antidepressant medications and [psychotherapy](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/anxiety-therapy-types) for those with an anxiety or depressive disorder was slightly more effective than antidepressant medications alone.\n\n[Anxiety Treatment](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/psychiatry)\n\n#### More for your mind\n\nStart now\n\nLearn more\n\n[Bottom Line: Which Depression Medication Is Best For Me?](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/which-antidepressant-is-best-for-me#bottom-line-which-depression-medication-is-best-for-me)\n\nCopy Link\n\nThe best depression medication for you is the one that offers the most benefits with the fewest side effects. Ultimately, everyone’s journey to finding the right antidepressant and depression treatment is unique.\n\nLet’s recap what we know about antidepressants:\n\n- **You have quite a few options**. Even if you don’t respond to the first antidepressant you try, there are plenty of other medications available that can target depression symptoms.\n- **You might experience side effects**. Deciding on the right antidepressant for you involves weighing the pros and cons of each one — including the side effects.\n- **You can always try a different option, but talk to your provider first**. Don’t stop taking an antidepressant without first consulting a healthcare professional.\n\nNot sure where to start with mental health treatment? Take our short [online mental health assessment](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/mental-health) to get started on a tailored treatment plan just for you\\!\n\n### Related Drug Comparisons\n|   |   |\n|---|---|\n| [Adderall vs. Lexapro](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/drugs\/compare\/adderall-vs-lexapro) | [Cymbalta vs. Prozac](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/drugs\/compare\/cymbalta-vs-prozac) |\n| [Buspirone vs. Xanax](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/drugs\/compare\/buspirone-vs-xanax) | [Cymbalta vs. Zoloft](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/drugs\/compare\/cymbalta-vs-zoloft) |\n| [Cymbalta vs. Lexapro](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/drugs\/compare\/cymbalta-vs-lexapro) | [Lexapro vs. Prozac](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/drugs\/compare\/lexapro-vs-prozac) |\n| [Lexapro vs. Wellbutrin](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/drugs\/compare\/lexapro-vs-wellbutrin) | [Lexapro vs. Zoloft](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/drugs\/compare\/lexapro-vs-zoloft) |\n| [Prozac vs. Zoloft](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/drugs\/compare\/prozac-vs-zoloft) | [Sertraline vs. Zoloft](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/drugs\/compare\/sertraline-vs-zoloft) |\n\n### 21 Sources\n1. Adrenal hormones. (2022). https:\/\/www.endocrine.org\/patient-engagement\/endocrine-library\/hormones-and-endocrine-function\/adrenal-hormones\n2. Anxiety disorders. (2024). https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/topics\/anxiety-disorders\n3. Brain hormones. (2022). https:\/\/www.endocrine.org\/patient-engagement\/endocrine-library\/hormones-and-endocrine-function\/brain-hormones\n4. Brody DJ, et al. (2020). Antidepressant use among adults: United States, 2015-2018. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/products\/databriefs\/db377.htm\n5. Bupropion (Wellbutrin). (2024). https:\/\/www.nami.org\/About-Mental-Illness\/Treatments\/Mental-Health-Medications\/Types-of-Medication\/Bupropion-(Wellbutrin)\n6. Chu A, et al. (2023). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK554406\/\n7. Cipriani A, et al. (2018). Comparative efficacy and acceptability of 21 antidepressant drugs for the acute treatment of adults with major depressive disorder: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5889788\/\n8. Cuijpers P, et al. (2014). Adding psychotherapy to antidepressant medication in depression and anxiety disorders: A meta-analysis. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3918025\/En\n9. Edinoff AN, et al. (2021). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and adverse effects: A narrative review. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8395812\/\n10. Fournier JC, et al. (2010). Antidepressant drug effects and depression severity: A patient-level meta-analysis. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3712503\/\n11. Harmer CJ, et al. (2017). How do antidepressants work? New perspectives for refining future treatment approaches. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5410405\/\n12. Laban TS, et al. (2023). Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI). https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK539848\/\n13. Li X, et al. (2017). Short-term efficacy and tolerability of venlafaxine extended release in adults with generalized anxiety disorder without depression: A meta-analysis. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5628888\/\n14. Machado M, et al. (2010). Comparison of SSRIs and SNRIs in major depressive disorder: A meta-analysis of head-to-head randomized clinical trials. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK79954\/\n15. Malhi GS. (2015). Antidepressants in bipolar depression: Yes, no, maybe? https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC11234584\/\n16. Moraczewski J, et al. (2023). Tricyclic antidepressants. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK557791\/\n17. Petimar J, et al. (2024). Medication-induced weight change across common antidepressant treatments: A target trial emulation study. https:\/\/www.acpjournals.org\/doi\/10.7326\/M23-2742\n18. Sansone RA, et al. (2014). Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors: A pharmacological comparison. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4008300\/\n19. Santarsieri D, et al. (2015). Antidepressant efficacy and side-effect burden: A quick guide for clinicians. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4630974\/\n20. Sheffler ZM, et al. (2023). Antidepressants. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK538182\/\n21. Wang SM, et al. (2018). Addressing the side effects of contemporary antidepressant drugs: A comprehensive review. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5972123\/\n\n###### Editorial Standards\nHims & Hers has [strict sourcing guidelines](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/editorial-standards) to ensure our content is accurate and current. We rely on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. We strive to use primary sources and refrain from using tertiary references. See a mistake? Let us know at [blog@forhims.com](mailto:blog@forhims.com)\\!\n\nThis article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. The information contained herein is not a substitute for and should never be relied upon for professional medical advice. Always talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits of any treatment. Learn more about our editorial standards [here](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/editorial-standards).\n\n[Daniel Z. Lieberman, MD](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/medical-experts\/daniel-lieberman-dr)\n\n## Education\n- Doctor of Medicine - [New York University Grossman School of Medicine](https:\/\/med.nyu.edu\/), 1992\n- Bachelor of Arts - [St. John’s College](https:\/\/www.sjc.edu\/), 1985\n## Training\n- Internship & Residency - [New York University Grossman School of Medicine](https:\/\/med.nyu.edu\/), 1996\n## Medical Licenses\n- District of Columbia, 1996\n- Maryland, 2022\n- Virginia, 2022\n## Board Certifications\n- [American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology](https:\/\/abpn.org\/), Psychiatry, 1997\n- [American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology](https:\/\/abpn.org\/), Addiction Psychiatry, 1998\n## Other Certificates & Certifications\n- [Stanford Online, AI in Healthcare Specialization Certificate](https:\/\/www.coursera.org\/account\/accomplishments\/specialization\/NZTXVOQOOPWX), 2025\n- [Stanford Online, Machine Learning Specialization Certificate](https:\/\/www.coursera.org\/account\/accomplishments\/specialization\/7F3HDP76SDK3), 2024\n## Affiliations & Memberships\n- [American Psychiatric Association](https:\/\/www.psychiatry.org\/)\n## Specialties & Areas of Focus\n- Mental Health\n## Years of Experience\n- 33\n## Previous Work Experience\n- Professor and Vice Chair - Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, [George Washington University](https:\/\/www.gwu.edu\/), 1996–2022\n## Publications & Research\n- Title: A neurotransmitter approach to the trolley problem\n  - Published in: OBM Neurobiology\n  - Date: 2019\n  - URL: <https:\/\/www.lidsen.com\/journals\/neurobiology\/neurobiology-03-02-030>\n- Title: An automated internet application to help patients with bipolar disorder track social rhythm stabilization\n  - Published in: Psychiatric Services\n  - Date: 2011\n  - URL: <https:\/\/psychiatryonline.org\/doi\/10.1176\/ps.62.11.pss6211_1267>\n- Title: Enhancing adherence to mood charting with an online version of the NIMH Life Chart\n  - Published in: Annals of General Psychiatry\n  - Date: 2010\n  - URL: <https:\/\/annals-general-psychiatry.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1744-859X-9-S1-S11>\n- Title: The role of gender in single versus married patients with bipolar disorder\n  - Published in: Comprehensive Psychiatry\n  - Date: 2010\n  - URL: <https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0010440X0900128X>\n- Title: Evaluation of the stability and validity of participant samples recruited over the Internet\n  - Published in: CyberPsychology and Behavior\n  - Date: 2008\n  - URL: <https:\/\/www.liebertpub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/cpb.2007.0254>\n- Title: Pathways to change: The effect of a Web application on treatment interest\n  - Published in: The American Journal on Addictions\n  - Date: 2008\n  - URL: <https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1080\/10550490802138525>\n## Media Mentions & Features\n- Washington Post, [Why do passengers freak out on airplanes? Science might have the answer.](https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/video\/national\/why-do-passengers-freak-out-on-airplanes-science-might-have-the-answer\/2018\/05\/11\/00592b2e-5531-11e8-a6d4-ca1d035642ce_video.html)\n- CNN, [The dangers of self-radicalization](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/videos\/us\/2013\/05\/03\/lead-danger-of-self-radicalization-gwu-dan-lieberman.cnn)\n- Associated Press, [MillerCoors Tapping Into Millenials](http:\/\/youtu.be\/Jvv6VNjrgN0)\n- Time, [Hook Me Up: Are IV Clinics for You?](https:\/\/healthland.time.com\/2013\/01\/15\/hook-me-up-are-iv-clinics-for-you\/)\n- The Washington Post, [Holiday drinking can be hard on your health, but you can take precautions](https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/national\/health-science\/holiday-drinking-can-be-hard-on-your-health-but-you-can-take-precautions\/2012\/12\/14\/e3543bae-42d0-11e2-8e70-e1993528222d_story.html)\n- Le Figaro (France), [Daniel Z. Lieberman: «La dopamine nous pousse à acheter en nous promettant le bonheur» (Daniel Z. Lieberman: “Dopamine drives us to buy by promising us happiness”)](https:\/\/www.lefigaro.fr\/sciences\/daniel-z-lieberman-la-dopamine-nous-pousse-a-acheter-en-nous-promettant-le-bonheur-20220211)\n- Men’s Health (Spain), [Cómo la dopamina influye en nuestro cerebro y determina nuestra vida (How dopamine influences our brain and determines our lives).](https:\/\/www.menshealth.com\/es\/salud-bienestar\/a38087703\/dopamina-determina-nuestra-vida\/)\n- El Mundo (Spain), [Dopamina, la sustancia que domina tu vida: a quién votas, con quién te acuestas y cuánto dinero ganas (Dopamine, the substance that dominates your life: who you vote for, who you sleep with and how much money you make)](https:\/\/www.elmundo.es\/papel\/historias\/2021\/10\/20\/6170319121efa04a3c8b4591.html)\n- Vice, [No One Owes You an Explanation About Their Vaccine](https:\/\/www.vice.com\/en\/article\/4ad9gw\/dont-ask-people-why-theyre-eligible-for-the-covid-vaccine)\n- CNBC, [The psychological reason it’s so hard to work today after the riot — and how to cope](https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2021\/01\/07\/how-to-cope-with-emotions-like-fear-and-anxiety-after-us-capitol-riot.html)\n- Today, [Are we ever going to shake hands again?](https:\/\/www.today.com\/health\/when-will-it-be-ok-shake-hands-how-should-you-t177562)\n- Business Insider, [The reason why we self-sabotage is because our brains are wired to resist the things we want most in life](https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/brain-resist-what-you-want-most-how-to-change-2019-10)\n- Forbes, [The Must-Read Brain Books Of 2018](https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/daviddisalvo\/2018\/12\/30\/the-must-read-brain-books-of-2018\/)\n- Daily Mail, [Why a day in the office wears you out: Sitting for hours using only our brains 'creates a chemical imbalance' - but these tips may help you feel more energized.](http:\/\/www.dailymail.co.uk\/health\/article-6140683\/Office-jobs-using-brains-tire-creating-chemical-imbalance-expert-explains.html)\n- U.S. News & World Report, [How Your Secrets Can Damage and Maybe Even Kill You](http:\/\/health.usnews.com\/wellness\/mind\/articles\/2017-06-26\/how-your-secrets-can-damage-and-maybe-even-kill-you)\n## Why I Practice Medicine\n- I practice medicine because I believe that mental health is the foundation of a meaningful life. When people suffer psychologically, it touches every part of their existence—from relationships to work to the simple ability to feel joy. Because it can be so difficult for people who are suffering to find good mental health care, my mission has been to expand access through technology, so that no one is left behind.\n## Hobbies & Interests\n- I like to write in my spare time. I’ve written two nonfiction titles, [Spellbound: Modern Science, Ancient Magic, and the Hidden Potential of the Unconscious Mind](https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Spellbound-Science-Ancient-Potential-Unconscious\/dp\/1637741324) and the international bestseller, [The Molecule of More: How a Single Chemical in Your Brain Drives Love, Sex, and Creativity--and Will Determine the Fate of the Human Race](https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Molecule-More-Chemical-Creativity_and-Determine\/dp\/1948836580)\n## Professional Website or Profile\n- danielzlieberman.com\n## LinkedIn\n- <https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/danielzlieberman\/>\n\n[Read more](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/medical-experts\/daniel-lieberman-dr)\n\n#### Related Articles\n[How to Ask Your Doctor For Anxiety Medication Written by Lauren Panoff Published August 24, 2024](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/how-to-ask-your-doctor-for-anxiety-medication)\n\n[6 Signs Wellbutrin® is Working Written by Lauren Panoff Published August 23, 2024](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/signs-wellbutrin-is-working)\n\n[How To Get Anxiety Medication Written by Hadley Mendelsohn Published October 15, 2024](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/how-to-get-anxiety-medication)\n\n### Related Conditions\n[![Anxiety](https:\/\/cloudinary.forhims.com\/image\/upload\/v1723575819\/cms\/hers\/condition%20guides\/Hers-ConditionGuide-HubCard-MH-Anxiety.png)](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/conditions\/anxiety)  [Anxiety](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/conditions\/anxiety)\n\nAnxiety is common, but what is anxiety, really? It’s a feeling of worry, fear, or mental tension. If you have an anxiety disorder, this feeling can be overwhelming and may get worse over time. There are many different types of anxiety disorders and, luckily, many different treatments.\n\n[![Depression](https:\/\/cloudinary.forhims.com\/image\/upload\/v1723575818\/cms\/hers\/condition%20guides\/Hers-ConditionGuide-HubCard-MH-Depression.png)](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/conditions\/depression)  [Depression](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/conditions\/depression)\n\nDepression is a common but serious mental health disorder that can cause persistent feelings of sadness, worthlessness, or hopelessness. Its effects can be devastating. Depression can interfere with your ability to fulfill day-to-day responsibilities at home, at work, or in school.\n\n[![OCD](https:\/\/cloudinary.forhims.com\/image\/upload\/v1745787463\/cms\/hers\/condition%20guides\/Hers-ConditionGuide-HubCard-MH-OCD.png)](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/conditions\/obsessive-compulsive-disorder-ocd)  [OCD](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/conditions\/obsessive-compulsive-disorder-ocd)\n\nObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition marked by recurring obsessive thoughts and difficult-to-control, compulsive behaviors.\n\n[![PTSD](https:\/\/cloudinary.forhims.com\/image\/upload\/v1733319240\/cms\/hers\/condition%20guides\/Hers-ConditionGuide-HubCard-MH-PTSD.png)](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/conditions\/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-ptsd)  [PTSD](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/conditions\/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-ptsd)\n\nBipolar disorder is a mental health condition characterized by unusually large shifts in an individual’s mood, concentration, energy and activity level.\n\n[![Bipolar Disorder](https:\/\/cloudinary.forhims.com\/image\/upload\/v1725452659\/cms\/hers\/condition%20guides\/Hers-ConditionGuide-HubCard-MH-BipolarDisorder_1.png)](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/conditions\/bipolar-disorder)  [Bipolar Disorder](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/conditions\/bipolar-disorder)\n\nBipolar disorder is a mental health condition characterized by unusually large shifts in an individual’s mood, concentration, energy and activity level.\n\n[![Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder](https:\/\/cloudinary.forhims.com\/image\/upload\/v1738607287\/cms\/hers\/condition%20guides\/Hers-ConditionGuide-HubCard-MH-PMDD.png)](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/conditions\/pmdd-premenstrual-dysphoric-disorder)  [Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/conditions\/pmdd-premenstrual-dysphoric-disorder)\n\nObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition marked by recurring obsessive thoughts and difficult-to-control, compulsive behaviors.\n\n###### Find relief for your symptoms\nLearn about your symptom score through clinically-backed assessments\n\n[Get started](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/c\/mh)[Learn more](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/mental-health)\n\n##### Explore\n[Mental Health](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/mental-health \"Mental Health Treatments\")\n\n[Psychiatry](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/psychiatry \"Anxiety and Depression Medication\")\n\n[Mental Health Content](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/mental-health \"Mental Health Content\")\n\n[BMI Calculator](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/tools\/bmi-calculator \"BMI Calculator\")\n\n[TDEE Calculator](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/tools\/tdee-calculator \"TDEE Calculator\")\n\n[Calorie Deficit Calculator](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/tools\/calorie-deficit-calculator \"Calorie Deficit Calculator\")\n\n[Protein Calculator](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/tools\/protein-calculator \"Protein Calculator\")\n\n[Water Intake 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It’s a good question if you struggle with an [anxiety disorder](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/conditions\/anxiety) or [depression](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/conditions\/depression) and are thinking of talking to a healthcare provider about your treatment options.\n\nThe journey to finding the perfect match for your mental health needs involves patience and potentially a bit of experimentation. The right treatment for you can depend on your symptoms, illness severity, existing health conditions, and perhaps most importantly of all, your genetics.\n\nSo, if you’re looking to answer “*Which depression medication is best for me?*”, we don’t have a definitive answer. But we also understand that knowledge is power. Below, we outline the different antidepressant options available and what to expect from their effects.\n\nHealthcare professionals prescribe antidepressants medications to treat [several conditions](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK538182\/), including:\n\n- Major depression\n- [Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/panic-disorder-vs-gad)\n- [Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/ocd-symptoms)\n- [Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/therapy-for-ptsd)\n- [Chronic pain](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/living-with-chronic-pain)\n\nSome antidepressants can also help with[panic disorder](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/conditions\/panic-disorder) and[social phobia](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/social-phobia-vs-social-anxiety).\n\nAdditionally, because antidepressants [can sometimes](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC11234584\/) worsen [bipolar disorder](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/bipolar-disorder) symptoms, they’re not a first-line treatment.\n\nFrom 2015 to 2018, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that over [13 percent](https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/products\/databriefs\/db377.htm) of U.S. adults used antidepressants in the past month.\n\nMany of these medications work by [modifying or balancing](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5410405\/) certain brain chemicals known as neurotransmitters.\n\n[Research](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3712503\/) suggests that antidepressants may be more effective for moderate to severe depression and might be less helpful for mild cases.\n\nThe main types of antidepressants are:\n\n- [Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/ssri-drugs-overview-types)\n- Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)\n- [Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/tricyclic-antidepressants-guide)\n- [Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/maoi-drugs)\n- Atypical antidepressants\n\nLearn more about these drugs and their potential side effects in our [full list of antidepressants](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/full-list-antidepressants-ssri-snri).\n\nKeep reading to find out how these medications could work for you.\n\n[Anxiety medication](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/psychiatry)\n\n#### Worried about anxiety?\n\n![woman with curly brown hair](https:\/\/cloudinary.forhims.com\/image\/upload\/v1722957747\/2024%20Blog%20CTA%20Updates\/Hers\/Mental%20Health\/Blog-Hers-CVRUpdate-MH-CTA-WorriedAboutAnxiety.png)\n\nAntidepressants each have their unique ways of working and come with their own set of side effects, which can vary from person to person.\n\n### Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)\nExperts believe selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) work by [preventing](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK554406\/) serotonin-producing brain cells from reabsorbing the neurotransmitter after it’s released.\n\nSerotonin is a chemical responsible for [regulating certain body functions](https:\/\/www.endocrine.org\/patient-engagement\/endocrine-library\/hormones-and-endocrine-function\/brain-hormones), like sleep and mood.\n\nSome examples of SSRIs include:\n\n- [Citalopram](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/psychiatry\/citalopram) (Celexa®)\n- [Escitalopram](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/psychiatry\/escitalopram) (Lexapro®)\n- Fluvoxamine (Luvox®)\n- [Fluoxetine](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/psychiatry\/fluoxetine) (Prozac®)\n- [Paroxetine](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/psychiatry\/paroxetine) (Paxil®)\n- [Sertraline](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/psychiatry\/sertraline) (Zoloft®)\n\nDoctors primarily prescribe SSRIs to treat major depressive disorder, but may sometimes prescribe them for the treatment of:\n\n- Anxiety\n- OCD\n- Panic disorders\n- Social anxiety disorder\n- PTSD\n- Eating disorders\n\nThese antidepressant drugs are a first-line choice for treating depression and other mental health conditions because they’re [effective](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8395812\/) and come with fewer side effects compared to older antidepressants such as tricyclic antidepressants.\n\n#### Which SSRI is right for me?\nA meta-analysis of [522 randomized controlled trials](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5889788\/) revealed that escitalopram, paroxetine, and sertraline are among the most effective and well-tolerated SSRIs.\n\nBut like any medication, side effects are possible.\n\nSome[common side effects of SSRIs](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/side-effects-of-ssri) include:\n\n- Weight gain\n- Sexual side effects\n- Nausea\n- Trouble sleeping (insomnia)\n- Drowsiness\n\nOne [study](https:\/\/www.acpjournals.org\/doi\/10.7326\/M23-2742) found that compared to sertraline, escitalopram and paroxetine may increase the risk of gaining at least 5 percent of your baseline weight.\n\n### Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)\nSimilar to SSRIs, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) also work by preventing the brain from reabsorbing the chemical serotonin, plus norepinephrine.\n\nNorepinephrine [increases](https:\/\/www.endocrine.org\/patient-engagement\/endocrine-library\/hormones-and-endocrine-function\/adrenal-hormones)alertness and attention, affects your mood and sleep cycle and is part of your body’s emergency response system to danger (AKA your fight-or-flight response).\n\nIn addition to depression, SNRIs [can help with](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4008300\/):\n\n- Anxiety disorders\n- Panic disorder\n- Fibromyalgia\n- Chronic musculoskeletal pain resulting from conditions like [arthritis](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/conditions\/arthritis)\n- Diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain (nerve pain and damage from diabetes)\n\nSNRIs might also help you if you haven’t responded well to SSRIs.\n\nSome common SNRIs include:\n\n- [Venlafaxine](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/psychiatry\/venlafaxine) (Effexor®)\n- Levomilnacipran (Fetzima®)\n- [Duloxetine](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/psychiatry\/duloxetine) (Cymbalta®)\n- Desvenlafaxine (Pristiq®)\n\nThe possible side effects of SNRIs are [similar](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4630974\/) to those of SSRIs and can include:\n\n- Insomnia\n- Headaches\n- Nausea\n- Dry mouth\n- Sexual dysfunction\n\n[Research](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK79954\/) shows that SNRIs can be just as effective as SSRIs for treating depression, with a slightly higher chance of remission, but also a higher risk of difficult to tolerate side effects.\n\n#### Which SNRI is right for me?\nA [meta-analysis](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5628888\/) found that venlafaxine, a commonly-prescribed SNRI, was well tolerated and more effective at treating symptoms of GAD than a placebo. Venlafaxine, along with other antidepressants approved for GAD, might be a fit for you if you live with depression *and* anxiety symptoms.\n\nMany psychiatrists choose duloxetine when they believe a patient will benefit from an SNRI because, compared to the others, its effects on serotonin and norepinephrine are more balanced.\n\n### Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)\nTricyclic antidepressants are an [older class](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK557791\/) of medications. Healthcare professionals may prescribe them to treat:\n\n- Major depression\n- Anxiety disorders\n- Chronic pain\n\nLike other antidepressants, TCAs work to increase serotonin and norepinephrine levels in the brain, affecting mood and alertness.\n\nTCAs are just as effective as SSRIs in treating depression but they carry a higher risk of side effects.\n\nCommon side effects of TCAs include:\n\n- Blurred vision\n- Dry mouth\n- Constipation\n- Low blood pressure\n- Rapid heartbeat\n- Weight gain\n\nA [review of studies](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5972123\/) suggests that compared to SSRIs and SNRIs, TCAs have lower tolerability, higher heart-related risks, and higher discontinuation rates — meaning people tend to stop taking the medication early on.\n\nTCAs can also have harmful side effects if you take them with certain medications or if you have certain health conditions, like glaucoma or heart vessel damage.\n\nYour healthcare provider may prescribe a tricyclic antidepressant if you don’t respond well to SSRIs or SNRIs.\n\nMany tricyclic antidepressants are only available as generic brands. Some examples of TCAs for anxiety and depression include desipramine (Norpramin®), [doxepin](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/doxepin-faqs), imipramine (Tofranil®), [nortriptyline](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/nortiptyline-side-effects) (Pamelor®), and[amitriptyline](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/amitriptyline-anxiety).\n\n### Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)\nMonoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are another older class of antidepressants. Again, doctors [don’t typically prescribe](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK539848\/) them as a first-line treatment for mental health disorders anymore.\n\nMAOIs block the enzyme monoamine oxidase, which breaks down neurotransmitters like serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, and tyramine.\n\nAlthough effective, these antidepressants can cause dangerous interactions with medications, supplements, and foods containing tyramine.\n\nLike TCAs, a healthcare professional may prescribe MAOIs when other antidepressant medications don’t work.\n\nExamples of MAOIs include:\n\n- phenelzine (Nardil®)\n- selegiline (Emsam®)\n- tranylcypromine (Parnate®)\n### Atypical Antidepressants\nAtypical antidepressants don’t fit into the other categories of antidepressants.\n\nTake [bupropion](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/psychiatry\/bupropion) (Wellbutrin XL®), for instance. It’s a [common](https:\/\/www.nami.org\/About-Mental-Illness\/Treatments\/Mental-Health-Medications\/Types-of-Medication\/Bupropion-\\(Wellbutrin\\)) treatment for depression and [seasonal affective disorder (SAD)](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/seasonal-depression-symptoms).\n\nEach atypical antidepressant works differently.\n\nBupropion, unlike SSRIs and SNRIs, prevents the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine. Dopamine helps you feel pleasure and gives you motivation to work for the things you want. It also helps with focus and concentration.\n\nAnother atypical antidepressant, mirtazapine, blocks alpha-2 adrenergic receptors, allowing for the release of norepinephrine.\n\nAtypical antidepressants like bupropion and mirtazapine are just as effective as other antidepressants in treating depression, but bupropion doesn’t work well for anxiety.\n\n[Personalized mental health](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/psychiatry)\n\n#### Feeling better is possible\n\n![Happy woman](https:\/\/cloudinary.forhims.com\/image\/upload\/v1722957747\/2024%20Blog%20CTA%20Updates\/Hers\/Mental%20Health\/Blog-Hers-CVRUpdate-MH-CTA-FeelingBetterIsPossible.png)\n\nThe short answer: it depends.\n\nThe best antidepressant for you is the one that effectively addresses your symptoms, fits the severity of your condition, and aligns with your health status and current medications.\n\nYour healthcare provider can help you consider the following factors when deciding on an antidepressant for you:\n\n- Side effects\n- Cost\n- Whether you’ve responded well to other medications\n- Your preferences\n\nThe most important factor, however, may be your genetics. It would be nice if we had a genetic test that would tell us which antidepressant is best, but there are so many different genes involved, it’s too complicated for the current state of our technology. If a close relative responds well to an antidepressant, there’s a good chance it will work for you, too, but in most cases, it’s trial and error. If one antidepressant isn’t right, try another. Patience and persistence pay off.\n\nBefore starting a new medication, discuss any current health conditions and medications with your provider. It’s also important to keep them in the loop about any new or persisting side effects and how you’re feeling throughout your treatment.\n\nThe main goal of antidepressants is to relieve your symptoms and help you get back to living your life.\n\nFinding the best antidepressant takes time, especially since it can take a few weeks to start seeing noticeable changes in mood or behavior.\n\nFinding the best [antidepressant for major depression](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/best-medication-for-depression) or anxiety disorders can take some trial and error.\n\nResearch has shown that combining psychotherapy and antidepressant medications might be beneficial.\n\nA [review of 52 studies involving over 3,600 patients](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3918025\/) found that a combination of antidepressant medications and [psychotherapy](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/blog\/anxiety-therapy-types) for those with an anxiety or depressive disorder was slightly more effective than antidepressant medications alone.\n\n[Anxiety Treatment](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/psychiatry)\n\n#### More for your mind\n\nThe best depression medication for you is the one that offers the most benefits with the fewest side effects. Ultimately, everyone’s journey to finding the right antidepressant and depression treatment is unique.\n\nLet’s recap what we know about antidepressants:\n\n- **You have quite a few options**. Even if you don’t respond to the first antidepressant you try, there are plenty of other medications available that can target depression symptoms.\n- **You might experience side effects**. Deciding on the right antidepressant for you involves weighing the pros and cons of each one — including the side effects.\n- **You can always try a different option, but talk to your provider first**. Don’t stop taking an antidepressant without first consulting a healthcare professional.\n\nNot sure where to start with mental health treatment? Take our short [online mental health assessment](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/mental-health) to get started on a tailored treatment plan just for you\\!\n\n### Related Drug Comparisons\n|   |   |\n|---|---|\n| [Adderall vs. Lexapro](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/drugs\/compare\/adderall-vs-lexapro) | [Cymbalta vs. Prozac](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/drugs\/compare\/cymbalta-vs-prozac) |\n| [Buspirone vs. Xanax](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/drugs\/compare\/buspirone-vs-xanax) | [Cymbalta vs. Zoloft](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/drugs\/compare\/cymbalta-vs-zoloft) |\n| [Cymbalta vs. Lexapro](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/drugs\/compare\/cymbalta-vs-lexapro) | [Lexapro vs. Prozac](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/drugs\/compare\/lexapro-vs-prozac) |\n| [Lexapro vs. Wellbutrin](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/drugs\/compare\/lexapro-vs-wellbutrin) | [Lexapro vs. Zoloft](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/drugs\/compare\/lexapro-vs-zoloft) |\n| [Prozac vs. Zoloft](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/drugs\/compare\/prozac-vs-zoloft) | [Sertraline vs. Zoloft](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/drugs\/compare\/sertraline-vs-zoloft) |\n\n21 Sources\n\n1. Adrenal hormones. (2022). https:\/\/www.endocrine.org\/patient-engagement\/endocrine-library\/hormones-and-endocrine-function\/adrenal-hormones\n2. Anxiety disorders. (2024). https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/topics\/anxiety-disorders\n3. Brain hormones. (2022). https:\/\/www.endocrine.org\/patient-engagement\/endocrine-library\/hormones-and-endocrine-function\/brain-hormones\n4. Brody DJ, et al. (2020). Antidepressant use among adults: United States, 2015-2018. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/products\/databriefs\/db377.htm\n5. Bupropion (Wellbutrin). (2024). https:\/\/www.nami.org\/About-Mental-Illness\/Treatments\/Mental-Health-Medications\/Types-of-Medication\/Bupropion-(Wellbutrin)\n6. Chu A, et al. (2023). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK554406\/\n7. Cipriani A, et al. (2018). Comparative efficacy and acceptability of 21 antidepressant drugs for the acute treatment of adults with major depressive disorder: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5889788\/\n8. Cuijpers P, et al. (2014). Adding psychotherapy to antidepressant medication in depression and anxiety disorders: A meta-analysis. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3918025\/En\n9. Edinoff AN, et al. (2021). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and adverse effects: A narrative review. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8395812\/\n10. Fournier JC, et al. (2010). Antidepressant drug effects and depression severity: A patient-level meta-analysis. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3712503\/\n11. Harmer CJ, et al. (2017). How do antidepressants work? New perspectives for refining future treatment approaches. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5410405\/\n12. Laban TS, et al. (2023). Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI). https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK539848\/\n13. Li X, et al. (2017). Short-term efficacy and tolerability of venlafaxine extended release in adults with generalized anxiety disorder without depression: A meta-analysis. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5628888\/\n14. Machado M, et al. (2010). Comparison of SSRIs and SNRIs in major depressive disorder: A meta-analysis of head-to-head randomized clinical trials. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK79954\/\n15. Malhi GS. (2015). Antidepressants in bipolar depression: Yes, no, maybe? https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC11234584\/\n16. Moraczewski J, et al. (2023). Tricyclic antidepressants. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK557791\/\n17. Petimar J, et al. (2024). Medication-induced weight change across common antidepressant treatments: A target trial emulation study. https:\/\/www.acpjournals.org\/doi\/10.7326\/M23-2742\n18. Sansone RA, et al. (2014). Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors: A pharmacological comparison. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4008300\/\n19. Santarsieri D, et al. (2015). Antidepressant efficacy and side-effect burden: A quick guide for clinicians. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4630974\/\n20. Sheffler ZM, et al. (2023). Antidepressants. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK538182\/\n21. Wang SM, et al. (2018). Addressing the side effects of contemporary antidepressant drugs: A comprehensive review. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5972123\/\n\n###### Editorial Standards\nHims & Hers has [strict sourcing guidelines](https:\/\/www.forhers.com\/editorial-standards) to ensure our content is accurate and current. We rely on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. We strive to use primary sources and refrain from using tertiary references. See a mistake? Let us know at [blog@forhims.com](mailto:blog@forhims.com)\\!","meta_canonical":null}

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Meta Description	Struggling with depression? Deciding “which antidepressant is best for me” hinges on factors like your symptoms and health conditions. Read on to find a match.
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Boilerpipe Text	Which antidepressant is best for me? It’s a good question if you struggle with an anxiety disorder or depression and are thinking of talking to a healthcare provider about your treatment options. The journey to finding the perfect match for your mental health needs involves patience and potentially a bit of experimentation. The right treatment for you can depend on your symptoms, illness severity, existing health conditions, and perhaps most importantly of all, your genetics. So, if you’re looking to answer “ Which depression medication is best for me? ”, we don’t have a definitive answer. But we also understand that knowledge is power. Below, we outline the different antidepressant options available and what to expect from their effects. Healthcare professionals prescribe antidepressants medications to treat several conditions , including: Major depression Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Chronic pain Some antidepressants can also help with panic disorder and social phobia . Additionally, because antidepressants can sometimes worsen bipolar disorder symptoms, they’re not a first-line treatment. From 2015 to 2018, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that over 13 percent of U.S. adults used antidepressants in the past month. Many of these medications work by modifying or balancing certain brain chemicals known as neurotransmitters. Research suggests that antidepressants may be more effective for moderate to severe depression and might be less helpful for mild cases. The main types of antidepressants are: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) Atypical antidepressants Learn more about these drugs and their potential side effects in our full list of antidepressants . Keep reading to find out how these medications could work for you. Anxiety medication Worried about anxiety? Antidepressants each have their unique ways of working and come with their own set of side effects, which can vary from person to person. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) Experts believe selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) work by preventing serotonin-producing brain cells from reabsorbing the neurotransmitter after it’s released. Serotonin is a chemical responsible for regulating certain body functions , like sleep and mood. Some examples of SSRIs include: Citalopram (Celexa ® ) Escitalopram (Lexapro ® ) Fluvoxamine (Luvox ® ) Fluoxetine (Prozac ® ) Paroxetine (Paxil ® ) Sertraline (Zoloft ® ) Doctors primarily prescribe SSRIs to treat major depressive disorder, but may sometimes prescribe them for the treatment of: Anxiety OCD Panic disorders Social anxiety disorder PTSD Eating disorders These antidepressant drugs are a first-line choice for treating depression and other mental health conditions because they’re effective and come with fewer side effects compared to older antidepressants such as tricyclic antidepressants. Which SSRI is right for me? A meta-analysis of 522 randomized controlled trials revealed that escitalopram, paroxetine, and sertraline are among the most effective and well-tolerated SSRIs. But like any medication, side effects are possible. Some common side effects of SSRIs include: Weight gain Sexual side effects Nausea Trouble sleeping (insomnia) Drowsiness One study found that compared to sertraline, escitalopram and paroxetine may increase the risk of gaining at least 5 percent of your baseline weight. Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) Similar to SSRIs, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) also work by preventing the brain from reabsorbing the chemical serotonin, plus norepinephrine. Norepinephrine increases alertness and attention, affects your mood and sleep cycle and is part of your body’s emergency response system to danger (AKA your fight-or-flight response). In addition to depression, SNRIs can help with : Anxiety disorders Panic disorder Fibromyalgia Chronic musculoskeletal pain resulting from conditions like arthritis Diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain (nerve pain and damage from diabetes) SNRIs might also help you if you haven’t responded well to SSRIs. Some common SNRIs include: Venlafaxine (Effexor ® ) Levomilnacipran (Fetzima ® ) Duloxetine (Cymbalta ® ) Desvenlafaxine (Pristiq ® ) The possible side effects of SNRIs are similar to those of SSRIs and can include: Insomnia Headaches Nausea Dry mouth Sexual dysfunction Research shows that SNRIs can be just as effective as SSRIs for treating depression, with a slightly higher chance of remission, but also a higher risk of difficult to tolerate side effects. Which SNRI is right for me? A meta-analysis found that venlafaxine, a commonly-prescribed SNRI, was well tolerated and more effective at treating symptoms of GAD than a placebo. Venlafaxine, along with other antidepressants approved for GAD, might be a fit for you if you live with depression and anxiety symptoms. Many psychiatrists choose duloxetine when they believe a patient will benefit from an SNRI because, compared to the others, its effects on serotonin and norepinephrine are more balanced. Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) Tricyclic antidepressants are an older class of medications. Healthcare professionals may prescribe them to treat: Major depression Anxiety disorders Chronic pain Like other antidepressants, TCAs work to increase serotonin and norepinephrine levels in the brain, affecting mood and alertness. TCAs are just as effective as SSRIs in treating depression but they carry a higher risk of side effects. Common side effects of TCAs include: Blurred vision Dry mouth Constipation Low blood pressure Rapid heartbeat Weight gain A review of studies suggests that compared to SSRIs and SNRIs, TCAs have lower tolerability, higher heart-related risks, and higher discontinuation rates — meaning people tend to stop taking the medication early on. TCAs can also have harmful side effects if you take them with certain medications or if you have certain health conditions, like glaucoma or heart vessel damage. Your healthcare provider may prescribe a tricyclic antidepressant if you don’t respond well to SSRIs or SNRIs. Many tricyclic antidepressants are only available as generic brands. Some examples of TCAs for anxiety and depression include desipramine (Norpramin ® ), doxepin , imipramine (Tofranil ® ), nortriptyline (Pamelor ® ), and amitriptyline . Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are another older class of antidepressants. Again, doctors don’t typically prescribe them as a first-line treatment for mental health disorders anymore. MAOIs block the enzyme monoamine oxidase, which breaks down neurotransmitters like serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, and tyramine. Although effective, these antidepressants can cause dangerous interactions with medications, supplements, and foods containing tyramine. Like TCAs, a healthcare professional may prescribe MAOIs when other antidepressant medications don’t work. Examples of MAOIs include: phenelzine (Nardil ® ) selegiline (Emsam ® ) tranylcypromine (Parnate ® ) Atypical Antidepressants Atypical antidepressants don’t fit into the other categories of antidepressants. Take bupropion (Wellbutrin XL ® ), for instance. It’s a common treatment for depression and seasonal affective disorder (SAD) . Each atypical antidepressant works differently. Bupropion, unlike SSRIs and SNRIs, prevents the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine. Dopamine helps you feel pleasure and gives you motivation to work for the things you want. It also helps with focus and concentration. Another atypical antidepressant, mirtazapine, blocks alpha-2 adrenergic receptors, allowing for the release of norepinephrine. Atypical antidepressants like bupropion and mirtazapine are just as effective as other antidepressants in treating depression, but bupropion doesn’t work well for anxiety. Personalized mental health Feeling better is possible The short answer: it depends. The best antidepressant for you is the one that effectively addresses your symptoms, fits the severity of your condition, and aligns with your health status and current medications. Your healthcare provider can help you consider the following factors when deciding on an antidepressant for you: Side effects Cost Whether you’ve responded well to other medications Your preferences The most important factor, however, may be your genetics. It would be nice if we had a genetic test that would tell us which antidepressant is best, but there are so many different genes involved, it’s too complicated for the current state of our technology. If a close relative responds well to an antidepressant, there’s a good chance it will work for you, too, but in most cases, it’s trial and error. If one antidepressant isn’t right, try another. Patience and persistence pay off. Before starting a new medication, discuss any current health conditions and medications with your provider. It’s also important to keep them in the loop about any new or persisting side effects and how you’re feeling throughout your treatment. The main goal of antidepressants is to relieve your symptoms and help you get back to living your life. Finding the best antidepressant takes time, especially since it can take a few weeks to start seeing noticeable changes in mood or behavior. Finding the best antidepressant for major depression or anxiety disorders can take some trial and error. Research has shown that combining psychotherapy and antidepressant medications might be beneficial. A review of 52 studies involving over 3,600 patients found that a combination of antidepressant medications and psychotherapy for those with an anxiety or depressive disorder was slightly more effective than antidepressant medications alone. Anxiety Treatment More for your mind The best depression medication for you is the one that offers the most benefits with the fewest side effects. Ultimately, everyone’s journey to finding the right antidepressant and depression treatment is unique. Let’s recap what we know about antidepressants: You have quite a few options . Even if you don’t respond to the first antidepressant you try, there are plenty of other medications available that can target depression symptoms. You might experience side effects . Deciding on the right antidepressant for you involves weighing the pros and cons of each one — including the side effects. You can always try a different option, but talk to your provider first . Don’t stop taking an antidepressant without first consulting a healthcare professional. Not sure where to start with mental health treatment? Take our short online mental health assessment to get started on a tailored treatment plan just for you! Related Drug Comparisons Adderall vs. Lexapro Cymbalta vs. Prozac Buspirone vs. Xanax Cymbalta vs. Zoloft Cymbalta vs. Lexapro Lexapro vs. Prozac Lexapro vs. Wellbutrin Lexapro vs. Zoloft Prozac vs. Zoloft Sertraline vs. Zoloft 21 Sources Adrenal hormones. (2022). https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/hormones-and-endocrine-function/adrenal-hormones Anxiety disorders. (2024). https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-disorders Brain hormones. (2022). https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/hormones-and-endocrine-function/brain-hormones Brody DJ, et al. (2020). Antidepressant use among adults: United States, 2015-2018. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db377.htm Bupropion (Wellbutrin). (2024). https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Treatments/Mental-Health-Medications/Types-of-Medication/Bupropion-(Wellbutrin ) Chu A, et al. (2023). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554406/ Cipriani A, et al. (2018). Comparative efficacy and acceptability of 21 antidepressant drugs for the acute treatment of adults with major depressive disorder: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5889788/ Cuijpers P, et al. (2014). Adding psychotherapy to antidepressant medication in depression and anxiety disorders: A meta-analysis. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3918025/En Edinoff AN, et al. (2021). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and adverse effects: A narrative review. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8395812/ Fournier JC, et al. (2010). Antidepressant drug effects and depression severity: A patient-level meta-analysis. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3712503/ Harmer CJ, et al. (2017). How do antidepressants work? New perspectives for refining future treatment approaches. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5410405/ Laban TS, et al. (2023). Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539848/ Li X, et al. (2017). Short-term efficacy and tolerability of venlafaxine extended release in adults with generalized anxiety disorder without depression: A meta-analysis. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5628888/ Machado M, et al. (2010). Comparison of SSRIs and SNRIs in major depressive disorder: A meta-analysis of head-to-head randomized clinical trials. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK79954/ Malhi GS. (2015). Antidepressants in bipolar depression: Yes, no, maybe? https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11234584/ Moraczewski J, et al. (2023). Tricyclic antidepressants. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557791/ Petimar J, et al. (2024). Medication-induced weight change across common antidepressant treatments: A target trial emulation study. https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/M23-2742 Sansone RA, et al. (2014). Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors: A pharmacological comparison. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4008300/ Santarsieri D, et al. (2015). Antidepressant efficacy and side-effect burden: A quick guide for clinicians. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630974/ Sheffler ZM, et al. (2023). Antidepressants. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538182/ Wang SM, et al. (2018). Addressing the side effects of contemporary antidepressant drugs: A comprehensive review. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5972123/ Editorial Standards Hims & Hers has strict sourcing guidelines to ensure our content is accurate and current. We rely on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. We strive to use primary sources and refrain from using tertiary references. See a mistake? Let us know at blog@forhims.com !
Markdown	- [All](https://www.forhers.com/blog) - [Weight Loss](https://www.forhers.com/blog/weight-loss) - [Menopause](https://www.forhers.com/blog/menopause) - [Mental Health](https://www.forhers.com/blog/mental-health) - [Hair](https://www.forhers.com/blog/hair) - [Skin](https://www.forhers.com/blog/skin) - [News](https://www.forhers.com/blog/news) Content 1. [What Is an Antidepressant?](https://www.forhers.com/blog/which-antidepressant-is-best-for-me#what-is-an-antidepressant) 2. [How Different Antidepressants Work](https://www.forhers.com/blog/which-antidepressant-is-best-for-me#how-different-antidepressants-work) 3. [Which Antidepressant Is Best For Me?](https://www.forhers.com/blog/which-antidepressant-is-best-for-me#which-antidepressant-is-best-for-me) 4. [Other Treatment Options](https://www.forhers.com/blog/which-antidepressant-is-best-for-me#other-treatment-options) 5. [Bottom Line: Which Depression Medication Is Best For Me?](https://www.forhers.com/blog/which-antidepressant-is-best-for-me#bottom-line-which-depression-medication-is-best-for-me) Free Mental Health Assessment [Start here](https://www.forhers.com/c/mh) 1. [Home](https://www.forhers.com/blog) 2. [Mental Health](https://www.forhers.com/blog/mental-health) 3. Which Antidepressant Is Best for Me? # Which Antidepressant Is Best for Me? ![Daniel Z. Lieberman, MD](https://www.forhers.com/forhims/image/upload/q_auto,f_auto,fl_lossy,c_limit//v1688592148/dr-daniel.png) Reviewed by [Daniel Z. Lieberman, MD](https://www.forhers.com/medical-experts/daniel-lieberman-dr) Written by [Jill Seladi-Schulman, PhD](https://www.forhers.com/authors/jill-seladi-schulman) Published 09/23/2022 Updated 04/30/2025 Which antidepressant is best for me? It’s a good question if you struggle with an [anxiety disorder](https://www.forhers.com/conditions/anxiety) or [depression](https://www.forhers.com/conditions/depression) and are thinking of talking to a healthcare provider about your treatment options. The journey to finding the perfect match for your mental health needs involves patience and potentially a bit of experimentation. The right treatment for you can depend on your symptoms, illness severity, existing health conditions, and perhaps most importantly of all, your genetics. So, if you’re looking to answer “Which depression medication is best for me?”, we don’t have a definitive answer. But we also understand that knowledge is power. Below, we outline the different antidepressant options available and what to expect from their effects. Content 1. [What Is an Antidepressant?](https://www.forhers.com/blog/which-antidepressant-is-best-for-me#what-is-an-antidepressant) 2. [How Different Antidepressants Work](https://www.forhers.com/blog/which-antidepressant-is-best-for-me#how-different-antidepressants-work) 3. [Which Antidepressant Is Best For Me?](https://www.forhers.com/blog/which-antidepressant-is-best-for-me#which-antidepressant-is-best-for-me) 4. [Other Treatment Options](https://www.forhers.com/blog/which-antidepressant-is-best-for-me#other-treatment-options) 5. [Bottom Line: Which Depression Medication Is Best For Me?](https://www.forhers.com/blog/which-antidepressant-is-best-for-me#bottom-line-which-depression-medication-is-best-for-me) [What Is an Antidepressant?](https://www.forhers.com/blog/which-antidepressant-is-best-for-me#what-is-an-antidepressant) Copy Link Healthcare professionals prescribe antidepressants medications to treat [several conditions](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538182/), including: - Major depression - [Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)](https://www.forhers.com/blog/panic-disorder-vs-gad) - [Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)](https://www.forhers.com/blog/ocd-symptoms) - [Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)](https://www.forhers.com/blog/therapy-for-ptsd) - [Chronic pain](https://www.forhers.com/blog/living-with-chronic-pain) Some antidepressants can also help with[panic disorder](https://www.forhers.com/conditions/panic-disorder) and[social phobia](https://www.forhers.com/blog/social-phobia-vs-social-anxiety). Additionally, because antidepressants [can sometimes](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11234584/) worsen [bipolar disorder](https://www.forhers.com/blog/bipolar-disorder) symptoms, they’re not a first-line treatment. From 2015 to 2018, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that over [13 percent](https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db377.htm) of U.S. adults used antidepressants in the past month. Many of these medications work by [modifying or balancing](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5410405/) certain brain chemicals known as neurotransmitters. [Research](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3712503/) suggests that antidepressants may be more effective for moderate to severe depression and might be less helpful for mild cases. The main types of antidepressants are: - [Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)](https://www.forhers.com/blog/ssri-drugs-overview-types) - Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) - [Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)](https://www.forhers.com/blog/tricyclic-antidepressants-guide) - [Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)](https://www.forhers.com/blog/maoi-drugs) - Atypical antidepressants Learn more about these drugs and their potential side effects in our [full list of antidepressants](https://www.forhers.com/blog/full-list-antidepressants-ssri-snri). Keep reading to find out how these medications could work for you. [Anxiety medication](https://www.forhers.com/psychiatry) #### Worried about anxiety? Get treatment Learn more ![woman with curly brown hair](https://cloudinary.forhims.com/image/upload/v1722957747/2024%20Blog%20CTA%20Updates/Hers/Mental%20Health/Blog-Hers-CVRUpdate-MH-CTA-WorriedAboutAnxiety.png) [How Different Antidepressants Work](https://www.forhers.com/blog/which-antidepressant-is-best-for-me#how-different-antidepressants-work) Copy Link Antidepressants each have their unique ways of working and come with their own set of side effects, which can vary from person to person. ### Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) Experts believe selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) work by [preventing](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554406/) serotonin-producing brain cells from reabsorbing the neurotransmitter after it’s released. Serotonin is a chemical responsible for [regulating certain body functions](https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/hormones-and-endocrine-function/brain-hormones), like sleep and mood. Some examples of SSRIs include: - [Citalopram](https://www.forhers.com/psychiatry/citalopram) (Celexa®) - [Escitalopram](https://www.forhers.com/psychiatry/escitalopram) (Lexapro®) - Fluvoxamine (Luvox®) - [Fluoxetine](https://www.forhers.com/psychiatry/fluoxetine) (Prozac®) - [Paroxetine](https://www.forhers.com/psychiatry/paroxetine) (Paxil®) - [Sertraline](https://www.forhers.com/psychiatry/sertraline) (Zoloft®) Doctors primarily prescribe SSRIs to treat major depressive disorder, but may sometimes prescribe them for the treatment of: - Anxiety - OCD - Panic disorders - Social anxiety disorder - PTSD - Eating disorders These antidepressant drugs are a first-line choice for treating depression and other mental health conditions because they’re [effective](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8395812/) and come with fewer side effects compared to older antidepressants such as tricyclic antidepressants. #### Which SSRI is right for me? A meta-analysis of [522 randomized controlled trials](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5889788/) revealed that escitalopram, paroxetine, and sertraline are among the most effective and well-tolerated SSRIs. But like any medication, side effects are possible. Some[common side effects of SSRIs](https://www.forhers.com/blog/side-effects-of-ssri) include: - Weight gain - Sexual side effects - Nausea - Trouble sleeping (insomnia) - Drowsiness One [study](https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/M23-2742) found that compared to sertraline, escitalopram and paroxetine may increase the risk of gaining at least 5 percent of your baseline weight. ### Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) Similar to SSRIs, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) also work by preventing the brain from reabsorbing the chemical serotonin, plus norepinephrine. Norepinephrine [increases](https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/hormones-and-endocrine-function/adrenal-hormones)alertness and attention, affects your mood and sleep cycle and is part of your body’s emergency response system to danger (AKA your fight-or-flight response). In addition to depression, SNRIs [can help with](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4008300/): - Anxiety disorders - Panic disorder - Fibromyalgia - Chronic musculoskeletal pain resulting from conditions like [arthritis](https://www.forhers.com/conditions/arthritis) - Diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain (nerve pain and damage from diabetes) SNRIs might also help you if you haven’t responded well to SSRIs. Some common SNRIs include: - [Venlafaxine](https://www.forhers.com/psychiatry/venlafaxine) (Effexor®) - Levomilnacipran (Fetzima®) - [Duloxetine](https://www.forhers.com/psychiatry/duloxetine) (Cymbalta®) - Desvenlafaxine (Pristiq®) The possible side effects of SNRIs are [similar](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630974/) to those of SSRIs and can include: - Insomnia - Headaches - Nausea - Dry mouth - Sexual dysfunction [Research](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK79954/) shows that SNRIs can be just as effective as SSRIs for treating depression, with a slightly higher chance of remission, but also a higher risk of difficult to tolerate side effects. #### Which SNRI is right for me? A [meta-analysis](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5628888/) found that venlafaxine, a commonly-prescribed SNRI, was well tolerated and more effective at treating symptoms of GAD than a placebo. Venlafaxine, along with other antidepressants approved for GAD, might be a fit for you if you live with depression and anxiety symptoms. Many psychiatrists choose duloxetine when they believe a patient will benefit from an SNRI because, compared to the others, its effects on serotonin and norepinephrine are more balanced. ### Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) Tricyclic antidepressants are an [older class](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557791/) of medications. Healthcare professionals may prescribe them to treat: - Major depression - Anxiety disorders - Chronic pain Like other antidepressants, TCAs work to increase serotonin and norepinephrine levels in the brain, affecting mood and alertness. TCAs are just as effective as SSRIs in treating depression but they carry a higher risk of side effects. Common side effects of TCAs include: - Blurred vision - Dry mouth - Constipation - Low blood pressure - Rapid heartbeat - Weight gain A [review of studies](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5972123/) suggests that compared to SSRIs and SNRIs, TCAs have lower tolerability, higher heart-related risks, and higher discontinuation rates — meaning people tend to stop taking the medication early on. TCAs can also have harmful side effects if you take them with certain medications or if you have certain health conditions, like glaucoma or heart vessel damage. Your healthcare provider may prescribe a tricyclic antidepressant if you don’t respond well to SSRIs or SNRIs. Many tricyclic antidepressants are only available as generic brands. Some examples of TCAs for anxiety and depression include desipramine (Norpramin®), [doxepin](https://www.forhers.com/blog/doxepin-faqs), imipramine (Tofranil®), [nortriptyline](https://www.forhers.com/blog/nortiptyline-side-effects) (Pamelor®), and[amitriptyline](https://www.forhers.com/blog/amitriptyline-anxiety). ### Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are another older class of antidepressants. Again, doctors [don’t typically prescribe](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539848/) them as a first-line treatment for mental health disorders anymore. MAOIs block the enzyme monoamine oxidase, which breaks down neurotransmitters like serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, and tyramine. Although effective, these antidepressants can cause dangerous interactions with medications, supplements, and foods containing tyramine. Like TCAs, a healthcare professional may prescribe MAOIs when other antidepressant medications don’t work. Examples of MAOIs include: - phenelzine (Nardil®) - selegiline (Emsam®) - tranylcypromine (Parnate®) ### Atypical Antidepressants Atypical antidepressants don’t fit into the other categories of antidepressants. Take [bupropion](https://www.forhers.com/psychiatry/bupropion) (Wellbutrin XL®), for instance. It’s a [common](https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Treatments/Mental-Health-Medications/Types-of-Medication/Bupropion-\(Wellbutrin\)) treatment for depression and [seasonal affective disorder (SAD)](https://www.forhers.com/blog/seasonal-depression-symptoms). Each atypical antidepressant works differently. Bupropion, unlike SSRIs and SNRIs, prevents the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine. Dopamine helps you feel pleasure and gives you motivation to work for the things you want. It also helps with focus and concentration. Another atypical antidepressant, mirtazapine, blocks alpha-2 adrenergic receptors, allowing for the release of norepinephrine. Atypical antidepressants like bupropion and mirtazapine are just as effective as other antidepressants in treating depression, but bupropion doesn’t work well for anxiety. [Personalized mental health](https://www.forhers.com/psychiatry) #### Feeling better is possible Start now Learn more ![Happy woman](https://cloudinary.forhims.com/image/upload/v1722957747/2024%20Blog%20CTA%20Updates/Hers/Mental%20Health/Blog-Hers-CVRUpdate-MH-CTA-FeelingBetterIsPossible.png) [Which Antidepressant Is Best For Me?](https://www.forhers.com/blog/which-antidepressant-is-best-for-me#which-antidepressant-is-best-for-me) Copy Link The short answer: it depends. The best antidepressant for you is the one that effectively addresses your symptoms, fits the severity of your condition, and aligns with your health status and current medications. Your healthcare provider can help you consider the following factors when deciding on an antidepressant for you: - Side effects - Cost - Whether you’ve responded well to other medications - Your preferences The most important factor, however, may be your genetics. It would be nice if we had a genetic test that would tell us which antidepressant is best, but there are so many different genes involved, it’s too complicated for the current state of our technology. If a close relative responds well to an antidepressant, there’s a good chance it will work for you, too, but in most cases, it’s trial and error. If one antidepressant isn’t right, try another. Patience and persistence pay off. Before starting a new medication, discuss any current health conditions and medications with your provider. It’s also important to keep them in the loop about any new or persisting side effects and how you’re feeling throughout your treatment. The main goal of antidepressants is to relieve your symptoms and help you get back to living your life. Finding the best antidepressant takes time, especially since it can take a few weeks to start seeing noticeable changes in mood or behavior. [Other Treatment Options](https://www.forhers.com/blog/which-antidepressant-is-best-for-me#other-treatment-options) Copy Link Finding the best [antidepressant for major depression](https://www.forhers.com/blog/best-medication-for-depression) or anxiety disorders can take some trial and error. Research has shown that combining psychotherapy and antidepressant medications might be beneficial. A [review of 52 studies involving over 3,600 patients](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3918025/) found that a combination of antidepressant medications and [psychotherapy](https://www.forhers.com/blog/anxiety-therapy-types) for those with an anxiety or depressive disorder was slightly more effective than antidepressant medications alone. [Anxiety Treatment](https://www.forhers.com/psychiatry) #### More for your mind Start now Learn more [Bottom Line: Which Depression Medication Is Best For Me?](https://www.forhers.com/blog/which-antidepressant-is-best-for-me#bottom-line-which-depression-medication-is-best-for-me) Copy Link The best depression medication for you is the one that offers the most benefits with the fewest side effects. Ultimately, everyone’s journey to finding the right antidepressant and depression treatment is unique. Let’s recap what we know about antidepressants: - You have quite a few options. Even if you don’t respond to the first antidepressant you try, there are plenty of other medications available that can target depression symptoms. - You might experience side effects. Deciding on the right antidepressant for you involves weighing the pros and cons of each one — including the side effects. - You can always try a different option, but talk to your provider first. Don’t stop taking an antidepressant without first consulting a healthcare professional. Not sure where to start with mental health treatment? Take our short [online mental health assessment](https://www.forhers.com/mental-health) to get started on a tailored treatment plan just for you\! ### Related Drug Comparisons \| \| \| \|---\|---\| \| [Adderall vs. Lexapro](https://www.forhers.com/drugs/compare/adderall-vs-lexapro) \| [Cymbalta vs. Prozac](https://www.forhers.com/drugs/compare/cymbalta-vs-prozac) \| \| [Buspirone vs. Xanax](https://www.forhers.com/drugs/compare/buspirone-vs-xanax) \| [Cymbalta vs. Zoloft](https://www.forhers.com/drugs/compare/cymbalta-vs-zoloft) \| \| [Cymbalta vs. Lexapro](https://www.forhers.com/drugs/compare/cymbalta-vs-lexapro) \| [Lexapro vs. Prozac](https://www.forhers.com/drugs/compare/lexapro-vs-prozac) \| \| [Lexapro vs. Wellbutrin](https://www.forhers.com/drugs/compare/lexapro-vs-wellbutrin) \| [Lexapro vs. Zoloft](https://www.forhers.com/drugs/compare/lexapro-vs-zoloft) \| \| [Prozac vs. Zoloft](https://www.forhers.com/drugs/compare/prozac-vs-zoloft) \| [Sertraline vs. Zoloft](https://www.forhers.com/drugs/compare/sertraline-vs-zoloft) \| ### 21 Sources 1. Adrenal hormones. (2022). https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/hormones-and-endocrine-function/adrenal-hormones 2. Anxiety disorders. (2024). https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-disorders 3. Brain hormones. (2022). https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/hormones-and-endocrine-function/brain-hormones 4. Brody DJ, et al. (2020). Antidepressant use among adults: United States, 2015-2018. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db377.htm 5. Bupropion (Wellbutrin). (2024). https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Treatments/Mental-Health-Medications/Types-of-Medication/Bupropion-(Wellbutrin) 6. Chu A, et al. (2023). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554406/ 7. Cipriani A, et al. (2018). Comparative efficacy and acceptability of 21 antidepressant drugs for the acute treatment of adults with major depressive disorder: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5889788/ 8. Cuijpers P, et al. (2014). Adding psychotherapy to antidepressant medication in depression and anxiety disorders: A meta-analysis. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3918025/En 9. Edinoff AN, et al. (2021). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and adverse effects: A narrative review. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8395812/ 10. Fournier JC, et al. (2010). Antidepressant drug effects and depression severity: A patient-level meta-analysis. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3712503/ 11. Harmer CJ, et al. (2017). How do antidepressants work? New perspectives for refining future treatment approaches. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5410405/ 12. Laban TS, et al. (2023). Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539848/ 13. Li X, et al. (2017). Short-term efficacy and tolerability of venlafaxine extended release in adults with generalized anxiety disorder without depression: A meta-analysis. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5628888/ 14. Machado M, et al. (2010). Comparison of SSRIs and SNRIs in major depressive disorder: A meta-analysis of head-to-head randomized clinical trials. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK79954/ 15. Malhi GS. (2015). Antidepressants in bipolar depression: Yes, no, maybe? https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11234584/ 16. Moraczewski J, et al. (2023). Tricyclic antidepressants. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557791/ 17. Petimar J, et al. (2024). Medication-induced weight change across common antidepressant treatments: A target trial emulation study. https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/M23-2742 18. Sansone RA, et al. (2014). Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors: A pharmacological comparison. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4008300/ 19. Santarsieri D, et al. (2015). Antidepressant efficacy and side-effect burden: A quick guide for clinicians. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630974/ 20. Sheffler ZM, et al. (2023). Antidepressants. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538182/ 21. Wang SM, et al. (2018). Addressing the side effects of contemporary antidepressant drugs: A comprehensive review. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5972123/ ###### Editorial Standards Hims & Hers has [strict sourcing guidelines](https://www.forhers.com/editorial-standards) to ensure our content is accurate and current. We rely on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. We strive to use primary sources and refrain from using tertiary references. See a mistake? Let us know at [blog@forhims.com](mailto:blog@forhims.com)\! This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. The information contained herein is not a substitute for and should never be relied upon for professional medical advice. Always talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits of any treatment. Learn more about our editorial standards [here](https://www.forhers.com/editorial-standards). [Daniel Z. Lieberman, MD](https://www.forhers.com/medical-experts/daniel-lieberman-dr) ## Education - Doctor of Medicine - [New York University Grossman School of Medicine](https://med.nyu.edu/), 1992 - Bachelor of Arts - [St. John’s College](https://www.sjc.edu/), 1985 ## Training - Internship & Residency - [New York University Grossman School of Medicine](https://med.nyu.edu/), 1996 ## Medical Licenses - District of Columbia, 1996 - Maryland, 2022 - Virginia, 2022 ## Board Certifications - [American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology](https://abpn.org/), Psychiatry, 1997 - [American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology](https://abpn.org/), Addiction Psychiatry, 1998 ## Other Certificates & Certifications - [Stanford Online, AI in Healthcare Specialization Certificate](https://www.coursera.org/account/accomplishments/specialization/NZTXVOQOOPWX), 2025 - [Stanford Online, Machine Learning Specialization Certificate](https://www.coursera.org/account/accomplishments/specialization/7F3HDP76SDK3), 2024 ## Affiliations & Memberships - [American Psychiatric Association](https://www.psychiatry.org/) ## Specialties & Areas of Focus - Mental Health ## Years of Experience - 33 ## Previous Work Experience - Professor and Vice Chair - Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, [George Washington University](https://www.gwu.edu/), 1996–2022 ## Publications & Research - Title: A neurotransmitter approach to the trolley problem - Published in: OBM Neurobiology - Date: 2019 - URL: <https://www.lidsen.com/journals/neurobiology/neurobiology-03-02-030> - Title: An automated internet application to help patients with bipolar disorder track social rhythm stabilization - Published in: Psychiatric Services - Date: 2011 - URL: <https://psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/ps.62.11.pss6211_1267> - Title: Enhancing adherence to mood charting with an online version of the NIMH Life Chart - Published in: Annals of General Psychiatry - Date: 2010 - URL: <https://annals-general-psychiatry.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1744-859X-9-S1-S11> - Title: The role of gender in single versus married patients with bipolar disorder - Published in: Comprehensive Psychiatry - Date: 2010 - URL: <https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0010440X0900128X> - Title: Evaluation of the stability and validity of participant samples recruited over the Internet - Published in: CyberPsychology and Behavior - Date: 2008 - URL: <https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/cpb.2007.0254> - Title: Pathways to change: The effect of a Web application on treatment interest - Published in: The American Journal on Addictions - Date: 2008 - URL: <https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1080/10550490802138525> ## Media Mentions & Features - Washington Post, [Why do passengers freak out on airplanes? Science might have the answer.](https://www.washingtonpost.com/video/national/why-do-passengers-freak-out-on-airplanes-science-might-have-the-answer/2018/05/11/00592b2e-5531-11e8-a6d4-ca1d035642ce_video.html) - CNN, [The dangers of self-radicalization](https://www.cnn.com/videos/us/2013/05/03/lead-danger-of-self-radicalization-gwu-dan-lieberman.cnn) - Associated Press, [MillerCoors Tapping Into Millenials](http://youtu.be/Jvv6VNjrgN0) - Time, [Hook Me Up: Are IV Clinics for You?](https://healthland.time.com/2013/01/15/hook-me-up-are-iv-clinics-for-you/) - The Washington Post, [Holiday drinking can be hard on your health, but you can take precautions](https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/holiday-drinking-can-be-hard-on-your-health-but-you-can-take-precautions/2012/12/14/e3543bae-42d0-11e2-8e70-e1993528222d_story.html) - Le Figaro (France), [Daniel Z. Lieberman: «La dopamine nous pousse à acheter en nous promettant le bonheur» (Daniel Z. Lieberman: “Dopamine drives us to buy by promising us happiness”)](https://www.lefigaro.fr/sciences/daniel-z-lieberman-la-dopamine-nous-pousse-a-acheter-en-nous-promettant-le-bonheur-20220211) - Men’s Health (Spain), [Cómo la dopamina influye en nuestro cerebro y determina nuestra vida (How dopamine influences our brain and determines our lives).](https://www.menshealth.com/es/salud-bienestar/a38087703/dopamina-determina-nuestra-vida/) - El Mundo (Spain), [Dopamina, la sustancia que domina tu vida: a quién votas, con quién te acuestas y cuánto dinero ganas (Dopamine, the substance that dominates your life: who you vote for, who you sleep with and how much money you make)](https://www.elmundo.es/papel/historias/2021/10/20/6170319121efa04a3c8b4591.html) - Vice, [No One Owes You an Explanation About Their Vaccine](https://www.vice.com/en/article/4ad9gw/dont-ask-people-why-theyre-eligible-for-the-covid-vaccine) - CNBC, [The psychological reason it’s so hard to work today after the riot — and how to cope](https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/07/how-to-cope-with-emotions-like-fear-and-anxiety-after-us-capitol-riot.html) - Today, [Are we ever going to shake hands again?](https://www.today.com/health/when-will-it-be-ok-shake-hands-how-should-you-t177562) - Business Insider, [The reason why we self-sabotage is because our brains are wired to resist the things we want most in life](https://www.businessinsider.com/brain-resist-what-you-want-most-how-to-change-2019-10) - Forbes, [The Must-Read Brain Books Of 2018](https://www.forbes.com/sites/daviddisalvo/2018/12/30/the-must-read-brain-books-of-2018/) - Daily Mail, [Why a day in the office wears you out: Sitting for hours using only our brains 'creates a chemical imbalance' - but these tips may help you feel more energized.](http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-6140683/Office-jobs-using-brains-tire-creating-chemical-imbalance-expert-explains.html) - U.S. News & World Report, [How Your Secrets Can Damage and Maybe Even Kill You](http://health.usnews.com/wellness/mind/articles/2017-06-26/how-your-secrets-can-damage-and-maybe-even-kill-you) ## Why I Practice Medicine - I practice medicine because I believe that mental health is the foundation of a meaningful life. When people suffer psychologically, it touches every part of their existence—from relationships to work to the simple ability to feel joy. Because it can be so difficult for people who are suffering to find good mental health care, my mission has been to expand access through technology, so that no one is left behind. ## Hobbies & Interests - I like to write in my spare time. I’ve written two nonfiction titles, [Spellbound: Modern Science, Ancient Magic, and the Hidden Potential of the Unconscious Mind](https://www.amazon.com/Spellbound-Science-Ancient-Potential-Unconscious/dp/1637741324) and the international bestseller, [The Molecule of More: How a Single Chemical in Your Brain Drives Love, Sex, and Creativity--and Will Determine the Fate of the Human Race](https://www.amazon.com/Molecule-More-Chemical-Creativity_and-Determine/dp/1948836580) ## Professional Website or Profile - danielzlieberman.com ## LinkedIn - <https://www.linkedin.com/in/danielzlieberman/> [Read more](https://www.forhers.com/medical-experts/daniel-lieberman-dr) #### Related Articles [How to Ask Your Doctor For Anxiety Medication Written by Lauren Panoff Published August 24, 2024](https://www.forhers.com/blog/how-to-ask-your-doctor-for-anxiety-medication) [6 Signs Wellbutrin® is Working Written by Lauren Panoff Published August 23, 2024](https://www.forhers.com/blog/signs-wellbutrin-is-working) [How To Get Anxiety Medication Written by Hadley Mendelsohn Published October 15, 2024](https://www.forhers.com/blog/how-to-get-anxiety-medication) ### Related Conditions [![Anxiety](https://cloudinary.forhims.com/image/upload/v1723575819/cms/hers/condition%20guides/Hers-ConditionGuide-HubCard-MH-Anxiety.png)](https://www.forhers.com/conditions/anxiety) [Anxiety](https://www.forhers.com/conditions/anxiety) Anxiety is common, but what is anxiety, really? It’s a feeling of worry, fear, or mental tension. If you have an anxiety disorder, this feeling can be overwhelming and may get worse over time. There are many different types of anxiety disorders and, luckily, many different treatments. [![Depression](https://cloudinary.forhims.com/image/upload/v1723575818/cms/hers/condition%20guides/Hers-ConditionGuide-HubCard-MH-Depression.png)](https://www.forhers.com/conditions/depression) [Depression](https://www.forhers.com/conditions/depression) Depression is a common but serious mental health disorder that can cause persistent feelings of sadness, worthlessness, or hopelessness. Its effects can be devastating. Depression can interfere with your ability to fulfill day-to-day responsibilities at home, at work, or in school. [![OCD](https://cloudinary.forhims.com/image/upload/v1745787463/cms/hers/condition%20guides/Hers-ConditionGuide-HubCard-MH-OCD.png)](https://www.forhers.com/conditions/obsessive-compulsive-disorder-ocd) [OCD](https://www.forhers.com/conditions/obsessive-compulsive-disorder-ocd) Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition marked by recurring obsessive thoughts and difficult-to-control, compulsive behaviors. [![PTSD](https://cloudinary.forhims.com/image/upload/v1733319240/cms/hers/condition%20guides/Hers-ConditionGuide-HubCard-MH-PTSD.png)](https://www.forhers.com/conditions/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-ptsd) [PTSD](https://www.forhers.com/conditions/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-ptsd) Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition characterized by unusually large shifts in an individual’s mood, concentration, energy and activity level. [![Bipolar Disorder](https://cloudinary.forhims.com/image/upload/v1725452659/cms/hers/condition%20guides/Hers-ConditionGuide-HubCard-MH-BipolarDisorder_1.png)](https://www.forhers.com/conditions/bipolar-disorder) [Bipolar Disorder](https://www.forhers.com/conditions/bipolar-disorder) Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition characterized by unusually large shifts in an individual’s mood, concentration, energy and activity level. 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Readable Markdown	Which antidepressant is best for me? It’s a good question if you struggle with an [anxiety disorder](https://www.forhers.com/conditions/anxiety) or [depression](https://www.forhers.com/conditions/depression) and are thinking of talking to a healthcare provider about your treatment options. The journey to finding the perfect match for your mental health needs involves patience and potentially a bit of experimentation. The right treatment for you can depend on your symptoms, illness severity, existing health conditions, and perhaps most importantly of all, your genetics. So, if you’re looking to answer “Which depression medication is best for me?”, we don’t have a definitive answer. But we also understand that knowledge is power. Below, we outline the different antidepressant options available and what to expect from their effects. Healthcare professionals prescribe antidepressants medications to treat [several conditions](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538182/), including: - Major depression - [Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)](https://www.forhers.com/blog/panic-disorder-vs-gad) - [Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)](https://www.forhers.com/blog/ocd-symptoms) - [Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)](https://www.forhers.com/blog/therapy-for-ptsd) - [Chronic pain](https://www.forhers.com/blog/living-with-chronic-pain) Some antidepressants can also help with[panic disorder](https://www.forhers.com/conditions/panic-disorder) and[social phobia](https://www.forhers.com/blog/social-phobia-vs-social-anxiety). Additionally, because antidepressants [can sometimes](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11234584/) worsen [bipolar disorder](https://www.forhers.com/blog/bipolar-disorder) symptoms, they’re not a first-line treatment. From 2015 to 2018, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that over [13 percent](https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db377.htm) of U.S. adults used antidepressants in the past month. Many of these medications work by [modifying or balancing](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5410405/) certain brain chemicals known as neurotransmitters. [Research](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3712503/) suggests that antidepressants may be more effective for moderate to severe depression and might be less helpful for mild cases. The main types of antidepressants are: - [Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)](https://www.forhers.com/blog/ssri-drugs-overview-types) - Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) - [Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)](https://www.forhers.com/blog/tricyclic-antidepressants-guide) - [Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)](https://www.forhers.com/blog/maoi-drugs) - Atypical antidepressants Learn more about these drugs and their potential side effects in our [full list of antidepressants](https://www.forhers.com/blog/full-list-antidepressants-ssri-snri). Keep reading to find out how these medications could work for you. [Anxiety medication](https://www.forhers.com/psychiatry) #### Worried about anxiety? ![woman with curly brown hair](https://cloudinary.forhims.com/image/upload/v1722957747/2024%20Blog%20CTA%20Updates/Hers/Mental%20Health/Blog-Hers-CVRUpdate-MH-CTA-WorriedAboutAnxiety.png) Antidepressants each have their unique ways of working and come with their own set of side effects, which can vary from person to person. ### Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) Experts believe selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) work by [preventing](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554406/) serotonin-producing brain cells from reabsorbing the neurotransmitter after it’s released. Serotonin is a chemical responsible for [regulating certain body functions](https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/hormones-and-endocrine-function/brain-hormones), like sleep and mood. Some examples of SSRIs include: - [Citalopram](https://www.forhers.com/psychiatry/citalopram) (Celexa®) - [Escitalopram](https://www.forhers.com/psychiatry/escitalopram) (Lexapro®) - Fluvoxamine (Luvox®) - [Fluoxetine](https://www.forhers.com/psychiatry/fluoxetine) (Prozac®) - [Paroxetine](https://www.forhers.com/psychiatry/paroxetine) (Paxil®) - [Sertraline](https://www.forhers.com/psychiatry/sertraline) (Zoloft®) Doctors primarily prescribe SSRIs to treat major depressive disorder, but may sometimes prescribe them for the treatment of: - Anxiety - OCD - Panic disorders - Social anxiety disorder - PTSD - Eating disorders These antidepressant drugs are a first-line choice for treating depression and other mental health conditions because they’re [effective](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8395812/) and come with fewer side effects compared to older antidepressants such as tricyclic antidepressants. #### Which SSRI is right for me? A meta-analysis of [522 randomized controlled trials](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5889788/) revealed that escitalopram, paroxetine, and sertraline are among the most effective and well-tolerated SSRIs. But like any medication, side effects are possible. Some[common side effects of SSRIs](https://www.forhers.com/blog/side-effects-of-ssri) include: - Weight gain - Sexual side effects - Nausea - Trouble sleeping (insomnia) - Drowsiness One [study](https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/M23-2742) found that compared to sertraline, escitalopram and paroxetine may increase the risk of gaining at least 5 percent of your baseline weight. ### Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) Similar to SSRIs, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) also work by preventing the brain from reabsorbing the chemical serotonin, plus norepinephrine. Norepinephrine [increases](https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/hormones-and-endocrine-function/adrenal-hormones)alertness and attention, affects your mood and sleep cycle and is part of your body’s emergency response system to danger (AKA your fight-or-flight response). In addition to depression, SNRIs [can help with](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4008300/): - Anxiety disorders - Panic disorder - Fibromyalgia - Chronic musculoskeletal pain resulting from conditions like [arthritis](https://www.forhers.com/conditions/arthritis) - Diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain (nerve pain and damage from diabetes) SNRIs might also help you if you haven’t responded well to SSRIs. Some common SNRIs include: - [Venlafaxine](https://www.forhers.com/psychiatry/venlafaxine) (Effexor®) - Levomilnacipran (Fetzima®) - [Duloxetine](https://www.forhers.com/psychiatry/duloxetine) (Cymbalta®) - Desvenlafaxine (Pristiq®) The possible side effects of SNRIs are [similar](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630974/) to those of SSRIs and can include: - Insomnia - Headaches - Nausea - Dry mouth - Sexual dysfunction [Research](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK79954/) shows that SNRIs can be just as effective as SSRIs for treating depression, with a slightly higher chance of remission, but also a higher risk of difficult to tolerate side effects. #### Which SNRI is right for me? A [meta-analysis](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5628888/) found that venlafaxine, a commonly-prescribed SNRI, was well tolerated and more effective at treating symptoms of GAD than a placebo. Venlafaxine, along with other antidepressants approved for GAD, might be a fit for you if you live with depression and anxiety symptoms. Many psychiatrists choose duloxetine when they believe a patient will benefit from an SNRI because, compared to the others, its effects on serotonin and norepinephrine are more balanced. ### Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) Tricyclic antidepressants are an [older class](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557791/) of medications. Healthcare professionals may prescribe them to treat: - Major depression - Anxiety disorders - Chronic pain Like other antidepressants, TCAs work to increase serotonin and norepinephrine levels in the brain, affecting mood and alertness. TCAs are just as effective as SSRIs in treating depression but they carry a higher risk of side effects. Common side effects of TCAs include: - Blurred vision - Dry mouth - Constipation - Low blood pressure - Rapid heartbeat - Weight gain A [review of studies](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5972123/) suggests that compared to SSRIs and SNRIs, TCAs have lower tolerability, higher heart-related risks, and higher discontinuation rates — meaning people tend to stop taking the medication early on. TCAs can also have harmful side effects if you take them with certain medications or if you have certain health conditions, like glaucoma or heart vessel damage. Your healthcare provider may prescribe a tricyclic antidepressant if you don’t respond well to SSRIs or SNRIs. Many tricyclic antidepressants are only available as generic brands. Some examples of TCAs for anxiety and depression include desipramine (Norpramin®), [doxepin](https://www.forhers.com/blog/doxepin-faqs), imipramine (Tofranil®), [nortriptyline](https://www.forhers.com/blog/nortiptyline-side-effects) (Pamelor®), and[amitriptyline](https://www.forhers.com/blog/amitriptyline-anxiety). ### Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are another older class of antidepressants. Again, doctors [don’t typically prescribe](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539848/) them as a first-line treatment for mental health disorders anymore. MAOIs block the enzyme monoamine oxidase, which breaks down neurotransmitters like serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, and tyramine. Although effective, these antidepressants can cause dangerous interactions with medications, supplements, and foods containing tyramine. Like TCAs, a healthcare professional may prescribe MAOIs when other antidepressant medications don’t work. Examples of MAOIs include: - phenelzine (Nardil®) - selegiline (Emsam®) - tranylcypromine (Parnate®) ### Atypical Antidepressants Atypical antidepressants don’t fit into the other categories of antidepressants. Take [bupropion](https://www.forhers.com/psychiatry/bupropion) (Wellbutrin XL®), for instance. It’s a [common](https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Treatments/Mental-Health-Medications/Types-of-Medication/Bupropion-\(Wellbutrin\)) treatment for depression and [seasonal affective disorder (SAD)](https://www.forhers.com/blog/seasonal-depression-symptoms). Each atypical antidepressant works differently. Bupropion, unlike SSRIs and SNRIs, prevents the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine. Dopamine helps you feel pleasure and gives you motivation to work for the things you want. It also helps with focus and concentration. Another atypical antidepressant, mirtazapine, blocks alpha-2 adrenergic receptors, allowing for the release of norepinephrine. Atypical antidepressants like bupropion and mirtazapine are just as effective as other antidepressants in treating depression, but bupropion doesn’t work well for anxiety. [Personalized mental health](https://www.forhers.com/psychiatry) #### Feeling better is possible ![Happy woman](https://cloudinary.forhims.com/image/upload/v1722957747/2024%20Blog%20CTA%20Updates/Hers/Mental%20Health/Blog-Hers-CVRUpdate-MH-CTA-FeelingBetterIsPossible.png) The short answer: it depends. The best antidepressant for you is the one that effectively addresses your symptoms, fits the severity of your condition, and aligns with your health status and current medications. Your healthcare provider can help you consider the following factors when deciding on an antidepressant for you: - Side effects - Cost - Whether you’ve responded well to other medications - Your preferences The most important factor, however, may be your genetics. It would be nice if we had a genetic test that would tell us which antidepressant is best, but there are so many different genes involved, it’s too complicated for the current state of our technology. If a close relative responds well to an antidepressant, there’s a good chance it will work for you, too, but in most cases, it’s trial and error. If one antidepressant isn’t right, try another. Patience and persistence pay off. Before starting a new medication, discuss any current health conditions and medications with your provider. It’s also important to keep them in the loop about any new or persisting side effects and how you’re feeling throughout your treatment. The main goal of antidepressants is to relieve your symptoms and help you get back to living your life. Finding the best antidepressant takes time, especially since it can take a few weeks to start seeing noticeable changes in mood or behavior. Finding the best [antidepressant for major depression](https://www.forhers.com/blog/best-medication-for-depression) or anxiety disorders can take some trial and error. Research has shown that combining psychotherapy and antidepressant medications might be beneficial. A [review of 52 studies involving over 3,600 patients](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3918025/) found that a combination of antidepressant medications and [psychotherapy](https://www.forhers.com/blog/anxiety-therapy-types) for those with an anxiety or depressive disorder was slightly more effective than antidepressant medications alone. [Anxiety Treatment](https://www.forhers.com/psychiatry) #### More for your mind The best depression medication for you is the one that offers the most benefits with the fewest side effects. Ultimately, everyone’s journey to finding the right antidepressant and depression treatment is unique. Let’s recap what we know about antidepressants: - You have quite a few options. Even if you don’t respond to the first antidepressant you try, there are plenty of other medications available that can target depression symptoms. - You might experience side effects. Deciding on the right antidepressant for you involves weighing the pros and cons of each one — including the side effects. - You can always try a different option, but talk to your provider first. Don’t stop taking an antidepressant without first consulting a healthcare professional. Not sure where to start with mental health treatment? Take our short [online mental health assessment](https://www.forhers.com/mental-health) to get started on a tailored treatment plan just for you\! ### Related Drug Comparisons \| \| \| \|---\|---\| \| [Adderall vs. Lexapro](https://www.forhers.com/drugs/compare/adderall-vs-lexapro) \| [Cymbalta vs. Prozac](https://www.forhers.com/drugs/compare/cymbalta-vs-prozac) \| \| [Buspirone vs. Xanax](https://www.forhers.com/drugs/compare/buspirone-vs-xanax) \| [Cymbalta vs. Zoloft](https://www.forhers.com/drugs/compare/cymbalta-vs-zoloft) \| \| [Cymbalta vs. Lexapro](https://www.forhers.com/drugs/compare/cymbalta-vs-lexapro) \| [Lexapro vs. Prozac](https://www.forhers.com/drugs/compare/lexapro-vs-prozac) \| \| [Lexapro vs. Wellbutrin](https://www.forhers.com/drugs/compare/lexapro-vs-wellbutrin) \| [Lexapro vs. Zoloft](https://www.forhers.com/drugs/compare/lexapro-vs-zoloft) \| \| [Prozac vs. Zoloft](https://www.forhers.com/drugs/compare/prozac-vs-zoloft) \| [Sertraline vs. Zoloft](https://www.forhers.com/drugs/compare/sertraline-vs-zoloft) \| 21 Sources 1. Adrenal hormones. (2022). https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/hormones-and-endocrine-function/adrenal-hormones 2. Anxiety disorders. (2024). https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-disorders 3. Brain hormones. (2022). https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/hormones-and-endocrine-function/brain-hormones 4. Brody DJ, et al. (2020). Antidepressant use among adults: United States, 2015-2018. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db377.htm 5. Bupropion (Wellbutrin). (2024). https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Treatments/Mental-Health-Medications/Types-of-Medication/Bupropion-(Wellbutrin) 6. Chu A, et al. (2023). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554406/ 7. Cipriani A, et al. (2018). Comparative efficacy and acceptability of 21 antidepressant drugs for the acute treatment of adults with major depressive disorder: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5889788/ 8. Cuijpers P, et al. (2014). Adding psychotherapy to antidepressant medication in depression and anxiety disorders: A meta-analysis. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3918025/En 9. Edinoff AN, et al. (2021). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and adverse effects: A narrative review. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8395812/ 10. Fournier JC, et al. (2010). Antidepressant drug effects and depression severity: A patient-level meta-analysis. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3712503/ 11. Harmer CJ, et al. (2017). How do antidepressants work? New perspectives for refining future treatment approaches. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5410405/ 12. Laban TS, et al. (2023). Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539848/ 13. Li X, et al. (2017). Short-term efficacy and tolerability of venlafaxine extended release in adults with generalized anxiety disorder without depression: A meta-analysis. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5628888/ 14. Machado M, et al. (2010). Comparison of SSRIs and SNRIs in major depressive disorder: A meta-analysis of head-to-head randomized clinical trials. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK79954/ 15. Malhi GS. (2015). Antidepressants in bipolar depression: Yes, no, maybe? https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11234584/ 16. Moraczewski J, et al. (2023). Tricyclic antidepressants. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557791/ 17. Petimar J, et al. (2024). Medication-induced weight change across common antidepressant treatments: A target trial emulation study. https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/M23-2742 18. Sansone RA, et al. (2014). Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors: A pharmacological comparison. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4008300/ 19. Santarsieri D, et al. (2015). Antidepressant efficacy and side-effect burden: A quick guide for clinicians. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630974/ 20. Sheffler ZM, et al. (2023). Antidepressants. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538182/ 21. Wang SM, et al. (2018). Addressing the side effects of contemporary antidepressant drugs: A comprehensive review. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5972123/ ###### Editorial Standards Hims & Hers has [strict sourcing guidelines](https://www.forhers.com/editorial-standards) to ensure our content is accurate and current. We rely on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. We strive to use primary sources and refrain from using tertiary references. See a mistake? Let us know at [blog@forhims.com](mailto:blog@forhims.com)\!
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