🕷️ Crawler Inspector

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Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 55 (from laksa050)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa055.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.findlaw.com/consumer/lemon-law/lemon-law-basics.html\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.findlaw.com/consumer/lemon-law/lemon-law-basics.html\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/lemon-law\/lemon-law-basics.html","crawl_time":1775118598,"first_indexed_time":1609868699,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"com,findlaw!www,\/consumer\/lemon-law\/lemon-law-basics.html s443","src_root_hash":"16644922069503358655","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Lemon Law Basics - FindLaw","meta_descriptions":["Federal and state laws protect consumers from fraud and faulty products, including defective vehicles, or \"lemons.\" Learn the lemon law basics at FindLaw."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"By\nNatalie Moritz\n| Legally reviewed by\nMelissa Bender, Esq.\n| Last reviewed\nApril 30, 2024\nThe last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our\ncontributing authors\n. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please\ncontact an attorney in your area\n.\nFederal and state laws protect consumers from fraud and defective products.\nThe \nMagnuson-Moss Warranty Act\n is a federal law that governs written warranties for consumer products. It requires manufacturers and sellers to give consumers clear and transparent warranty information. Its protections cover warranties for most consumer products, including vehicles.\nAt the state level, \"\nlemon laws\n\" protect consumers from defective vehicles. These laws give car buyers the right to a refund of the full price or a replacement vehicle if the one they bought has irreparable defects or mechanical problems.\nTypically, the consumer must allow the car dealer or manufacturer to fix the vehicle’s problem before a buyer’s rights under \nlemon laws take effect\n.\nFindLaw’s Lemon Law Basics section offers information about state and federal car buyer protections and how state laws govern \ncar repairs\n. In this section, you can also find:\nCar-buying tools and resources\nState-specific lemon law information\nA guide to hiring an attorney for help with a lemon law claim\nThe Definition of a Lemon\nEach state has its \nown lemon laws\n and definition of what qualifies as a lemon. But most states define a lemon as a new car with a substantial defect that mechanics can’t fix, even after a reasonable number of repair attempts.\nHow states define a substantial defect also varies. But most states define it as a defect that affects a serious function or expectation of the car. Examples include:\nFaulty steering or suspension\nTransmission issues\nElectrical system defects\nEngine issues\nMost states also require that the vehicle’s \nexpress warranty\n cover the defect.\nTypically, states allow the manufacturer or car dealer to try to \nrepair the vehicle defect\n before lemon law applies. Individual states determine what a reasonable amount of repairs is. The number may vary depending on the defect.\nFor example, \nCalifornia’s lemon law\n applies to any new motor vehicle bought or used for personal, family, or household purposes. It also covers used vehicles still under the original manufacturer’s warranty. California law considers at least two repair attempts \"reasonable.\"\nLemon Vehicles and Car Warranty Periods\nLemon law covers vehicles under the \noriginal manufacturer warranty\n.\nMost states require consumers to report a defect within the warranty period or a set amount of time—whatever comes first. The time varies by state but typically ranges from one to two years after \nthe vehicle purchase\n.\nInstead of a time frame, you may have to report a defect within a specific mileage range, commonly 12,000 to 24,000 miles.\nMost lemon laws don’t apply to vehicles in an extended warranty period. This is because most extended warranties \nare service contracts\n that provide repair and maintenance coverage. An extended warranty is usually an optional plan you can buy that kicks in after your manufacturer’s warranty ends.\nA manufacturer warranty is sometimes called a factory warranty.\nArbitration Programs for Lemon Law Disputes\nSome states offer \narbitration programs\n to address lemon law disputes. Arbitration is when a neutral third party (the arbitrator) decides how to resolve a conflict between two parties. Arbitration happens outside the court system and is generally \nfaster and less expensive\n than filing a lawsuit.\nFor lemon law issues, the arbitrator focuses on determining if there has been a reasonable number of repair attempts and an appropriate remedy. Not every state offers arbitration programs for lemon issues — check with \nyour state’s attorney general office or consumer protection agency\n to find specifics for your state.\nFinding a Reputable Mechanic for Car Repairs\nJust because your new vehicle \nneeds a repair\n while under warranty doesn’t necessarily mean it’s a lemon. A single repair fixes most issues.\nFederal law bans the manufacturer or dealership from forcing you to use a particular mechanic or authorized dealer for repair. But they may be able to \nvoid a warranty claim\n if an aftermarket part causes further problems with your vehicle.\nDepending on how long you own your vehicle, you will likely need a repair at some point after the warranty expires. You will want to \nfind a reputable mechanic\n at a fair price, which can be difficult.\nThere are three primary types of car repair facilities:\nCar dealerships\nGeneral repair shops\nAuto repair chains\nCar dealerships are usually a safe choice because the mechanics have experience with your vehicle’s make and model. But dealerships are usually more expensive than other types of repair shops. So, most consumers choose to use a dealership if the vehicle’s warranty \ncovers the necessary work\n.\nGeneral repair shops usually offer less expensive labor, but parts can cost more than at a dealership. It can also be difficult to know if the mechanics are reliable, honest, and familiar with your type of car.\nFinally, auto repair chains generally focus on one or two particular areas of a car. These are good for specific routine maintenance, \nlike oil changes\n or balancing and aligning tires. They tend to be less expensive because they work on many cars.\nYou may end up at an unscrupulous repair shop despite your best efforts. While you might be unhappy with the service, if you do not pay for the repairs to your vehicle, the shop may be legally entitled to keep it. Often, the shop owner can get a \nmechanic’s lien\n, which allows them to keep and sell the car if you do not pay the balance for the repair.\nHiring a Lemon Law Attorney\nIf you think you’ve bought a lemon, you have legal rights. While most consumers can resolve a lemon issue on their own, some complicated situations need the help of a \nlemon law lawyer\n.\nWhile lemon laws most often cover new vehicles, some used cars, trucks, motorcycles, and motorhomes are also protected. An attorney can review your state’s law to determine if it covers your type of vehicle. If your car meets the criteria for a lemon, the dealer may have to buy back the vehicle from you at its purchase price.\nIf the manufacturer or dealership is difficult and you can’t get a refund or replacement vehicle, an experienced attorney can help. They can look at the details to determine if you have a lemon law case. They can negotiate with the dealership and help you take further legal action if necessary. \nContact an attorney\n in your area to learn more.\nWas this helpful?","attrs_markdown":"[Skip to main content](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/lemon-law\/lemon-law-basics.html#main-content)\n\n[Find a Lawyer](https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/search\/?keyword=Lemon%20Law&location=London,%20England \"Find a London, England Lemon Law Lawyer\")\n\n- [Find a Lawyer](https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/search\/?keyword=Lemon%20Law&location=London,%20England \"Find a London, England Lemon Law Lawyer\")\n- Legal Forms & Services\n  Legal Forms & Services\n  - [Estate Planning](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/forms\/estate-planning.html)\n  - [Business Formation](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/forms\/business-formation.html)\n  - [View All Legal Forms](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/forms.html)\n- Learn About the Law\n  Learn About the Law\n  - Explore Legal Topics\n    - [Accidents & Injuries](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury.html \"Accidents and injuries law\")\n    - 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(Required)\n\nLemon Law in London, England\n\n### Find a Lawyer\nMore Options\n\n- [Name Search](https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/name-search\/)\n- [Browse Legal Issues](https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/legal-issues\/)\n- [Browse Law Firms](https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/profile\/lawfirm\/a\/1.html)\n- [Support](https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/lawyer\/help\/)\n\n1. [FindLaw](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/)  \/\n2. [Learn About The Law](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law.html)  \/\n3. [Consumer Protection Law](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer.html) \/\n4. [Lemon Law](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/lemon-law.html) \/\n5. Lemon Law Basics\n\n# Lemon Law Basics\nBy [Natalie Moritz](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/natalie-moritz\/) \\| Legally reviewed by [Melissa Bender, Esq.](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/melissa-bender-esq\/) \\| Last reviewed\n\nApril 30, 2024\n\n## Legally Reviewed\n*This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by [FindLaw’s team of legal writers and attorneys](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html) and in accordance with [our editorial standards](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html).*\n\n## Fact-Checked\n*The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our [contributing authors](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html). We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please [contact an attorney in your area](https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink).*\n\nFederal and state laws protect consumers from fraud and defective products.\n\nThe [Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/consumer-transactions\/warranty-laws-and-the-magnuson-moss-warranty-act-.html) is a federal law that governs written warranties for consumer products. It requires manufacturers and sellers to give consumers clear and transparent warranty information. Its protections cover warranties for most consumer products, including vehicles.\n\nAt the state level, \"[lemon laws](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/lemon-law\/lemon-laws-state-specific-information.html)\" protect consumers from defective vehicles. These laws give car buyers the right to a refund of the full price or a replacement vehicle if the one they bought has irreparable defects or mechanical problems.\n\nTypically, the consumer must allow the car dealer or manufacturer to fix the vehicle’s problem before a buyer’s rights under [lemon laws take effect](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/lemon-law\/how-the-new-car-lemon-law-can-help-you.html).\n\nFindLaw’s Lemon Law Basics section offers information about state and federal car buyer protections and how state laws govern [car repairs](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/lemon-law\/car-repairs-and-the-law.html). In this section, you can also find:\n\n- Car-buying tools and resources\n- State-specific lemon law information\n- A guide to hiring an attorney for help with a lemon law claim\n## The Definition of a Lemon\nEach state has its [own lemon laws](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/lemon-law\/lemon-laws-state-specific-information.html) and definition of what qualifies as a lemon. But most states define a lemon as a new car with a substantial defect that mechanics can’t fix, even after a reasonable number of repair attempts.\n\nHow states define a substantial defect also varies. But most states define it as a defect that affects a serious function or expectation of the car. Examples include:\n\n- Faulty steering or suspension\n- Transmission issues\n- Electrical system defects\n- Engine issues\n\nMost states also require that the vehicle’s [express warranty](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/consumer-transactions\/what-are-express-and-implied-warranties.html) cover the defect.\n\nTypically, states allow the manufacturer or car dealer to try to [repair the vehicle defect](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/lemon-law\/secret-warranties-recalls-and-lemons.html) before lemon law applies. Individual states determine what a reasonable amount of repairs is. The number may vary depending on the defect.\n\nFor example, [California’s lemon law](https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/ca\/civil-code\/civ-sect-1793-22\/) applies to any new motor vehicle bought or used for personal, family, or household purposes. It also covers used vehicles still under the original manufacturer’s warranty. California law considers at least two repair attempts \"reasonable.\"\n\n## Lemon Vehicles and Car Warranty Periods\nLemon law covers vehicles under the [original manufacturer warranty](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/consumer-transactions\/consumer-warranty-basics.html).\n\nMost states require consumers to report a defect within the warranty period or a set amount of time—whatever comes first. The time varies by state but typically ranges from one to two years after [the vehicle purchase](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/lemon-law\/buying-a-car.html).\n\nInstead of a time frame, you may have to report a defect within a specific mileage range, commonly 12,000 to 24,000 miles.\n\nMost lemon laws don’t apply to vehicles in an extended warranty period. This is because most extended warranties [are service contracts](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/consumer-transactions\/product-warranties-returns.html) that provide repair and maintenance coverage. An extended warranty is usually an optional plan you can buy that kicks in after your manufacturer’s warranty ends.\n\nA manufacturer warranty is sometimes called a factory warranty.\n\n## Arbitration Programs for Lemon Law Disputes\nSome states offer [arbitration programs](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/adr\/arbitration\/arbitration-rules-and-procedures.html) to address lemon law disputes. Arbitration is when a neutral third party (the arbitrator) decides how to resolve a conflict between two parties. Arbitration happens outside the court system and is generally [faster and less expensive](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/adr\/arbitration\/arbitration-pros-and-cons.html) than filing a lawsuit.\n\nFor lemon law issues, the arbitrator focuses on determining if there has been a reasonable number of repair attempts and an appropriate remedy. Not every state offers arbitration programs for lemon issues — check with [your state’s attorney general office or consumer protection agency](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/credit-banking-finance\/what-consumer-protection-agencies-do.html) to find specifics for your state.\n\n## Finding a Reputable Mechanic for Car Repairs\nJust because your new vehicle [needs a repair](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/lemon-law\/car-repairs-and-the-law.html) while under warranty doesn’t necessarily mean it’s a lemon. A single repair fixes most issues.\n\nFederal law bans the manufacturer or dealership from forcing you to use a particular mechanic or authorized dealer for repair. But they may be able to [void a warranty claim](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/consumer-transactions\/what-will-void-a-warranty-.html) if an aftermarket part causes further problems with your vehicle.\n\nDepending on how long you own your vehicle, you will likely need a repair at some point after the warranty expires. You will want to [find a reputable mechanic](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/product-liability\/your-rights-defects-repairs-and-lawsuits.html) at a fair price, which can be difficult.\n\nThere are three primary types of car repair facilities:\n\n- Car dealerships\n- General repair shops\n- Auto repair chains\n\nCar dealerships are usually a safe choice because the mechanics have experience with your vehicle’s make and model. But dealerships are usually more expensive than other types of repair shops. So, most consumers choose to use a dealership if the vehicle’s warranty [covers the necessary work](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/lemon-law\/automobile-warranties-and-other-buyer-protections.html).\n\nGeneral repair shops usually offer less expensive labor, but parts can cost more than at a dealership. It can also be difficult to know if the mechanics are reliable, honest, and familiar with your type of car.\n\nFinally, auto repair chains generally focus on one or two particular areas of a car. These are good for specific routine maintenance, [like oil changes](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/litigation\/filing-a-lawsuit\/can-i-sue-quick-car-maintenance-services-like-oil-changes--tires.html) or balancing and aligning tires. They tend to be less expensive because they work on many cars.\n\nYou may end up at an unscrupulous repair shop despite your best efforts. While you might be unhappy with the service, if you do not pay for the repairs to your vehicle, the shop may be legally entitled to keep it. Often, the shop owner can get a [mechanic’s lien](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/realestate\/owning-a-home\/understanding-mechanic-s-liens.html), which allows them to keep and sell the car if you do not pay the balance for the repair.\n\n## Hiring a Lemon Law Attorney\nIf you think you’ve bought a lemon, you have legal rights. While most consumers can resolve a lemon issue on their own, some complicated situations need the help of a [lemon law lawyer](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/lemon-law\/getting-an-attorney-s-help-lemon-laws-car-buyer-protections.html).\n\nWhile lemon laws most often cover new vehicles, some used cars, trucks, motorcycles, and motorhomes are also protected. An attorney can review your state’s law to determine if it covers your type of vehicle. If your car meets the criteria for a lemon, the dealer may have to buy back the vehicle from you at its purchase price.\n\nIf the manufacturer or dealership is difficult and you can’t get a refund or replacement vehicle, an experienced attorney can help. They can look at the details to determine if you have a lemon law case. They can negotiate with the dealership and help you take further legal action if necessary. [Contact an attorney](https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/lemon-law\/?fli=dcta) in your area to learn more.\n\nWas this helpful?\n\nYes\n\nNo\n\n## Can I Solve This on My Own or Do I Need an Attorney?\n- Consumer legal issues typically need an attorney’s support\n- You can hire an attorney to enforce your rights for safe products, fair transactions, and legal credit, banking and related financial matters\n\nLegal cases for identity theft, scams, or the Equal Credit Opportunity Act can be complicated and slow. An attorney can offer tailored advice and help prevent common mistakes.\n\n[Find a local attorney](https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/consumer-protection\/england\/london\/?fli=esum:0803)\n\n### Stay Up-to-Date With How the Law Affects Your Life\n![](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/static\/c\/images\/images\/w_1200,c_limit,dpr_auto\/f_auto,q_auto:eco\/v1745902396\/ability-law\/wp-prod\/general-components-subscribe-module-Image-subscribeModule_1\/general-components-subscribe-module-Image-subscribeModule_1.png?_i=AA)\n\n#### Enter your email address to subscribe\n[Learn more about FindLaw’s newsletters](https:\/\/newsletters.findlaw.com\/), including our terms of use and privacy policy.\n\n### Helpful Links\n- [Lemon Law](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/lemon-law.html)\n- [Online Scams](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/online-scams.html)\n- [Rights to Travel](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/travel-rules-and-rights.html)\n\n### Attorney Directory\n- [Lemon Lawyers](https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/lemon-law\/)\n- [Professional Malpractice Lawyers](https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/professional-malpractice-law\/)\n- [Personal Injury Lawyers](https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/personal-injury-plaintiff\/)\n- [Products Liability Lawyers](https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/products-liability-law\/)\n- [Credit Repair Lawyers](https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/credit-repair\/)\n- [Debtor and Creditor Lawyers](https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/debtor-creditor\/)\n- [Consumer Protection Lawyers](https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/consumer-protection\/)\n\n## You Don’t Have To Solve This on Your Own – Get a Lawyer’s Help\nMeeting with a lawyer can help you understand your options and how to best protect your rights. Visit our [attorney directory](https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/) to find a lawyer near you who can help.\n\nOr contact an attorney near you:\n\nSPONSORED\n\n## Next Steps\nContact a qualified attorney to make sure your rights and interests get protected.\n\nEnter information. (Required)\n\n## Find Help for These Areas:\n- [Insurance](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/insurance.html?fli=diyns \"Insurance\")\n- [Financial Protections](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/credit-banking-finance.html?fli=diyns \"Financial Protections\")\n- [Identity Theft](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/online-scams\/identity-theft.html?fli=diyns \"Identity Theft\")\n\nCopied to clipboard\n\n[Back to Top](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/lemon-law\/lemon-law-basics.html)\n\n![](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/static\/c\/images\/image\/upload\/c_crop,w_229,h_50\/v1725999921\/resources\/flfe\/FindLaw_rgb_158_3.png)\n\nQuestions?\n\nAt FindLaw.com, we pride ourselves on being the number one source of free legal information and resources on the web. [Contact us.](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/contact-us\/contacts.html)\n\nStay up-to-date with how the law affects your life.\n\nSign up for our consumer newsletter.\n\nFOLLOW US:\n\n[ABOUT US](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company.html)\n\n- [Our Team](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html)\n- [Accessibility](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-commitment-to-accessibility.html)\n- [Contact Us](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/contact-us\/contacts.html)\n\n[FIND A LAWYER](https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/)\n\n- [By Location](https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/#browse-location)\n- [By Legal Issue](https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/legal-issues\/)\n- [By Lawyer Profiles](https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/profile\/lawyer\/a\/1.html)\n- [By Name](https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/name-search\/)\n\nSELF-HELP RESOURCES\n\n- [Legal Forms & Services](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/forms.html)\n\nLEGAL RESEARCH\n\n- [Learn About the Law](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law.html)\n- [State Laws](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state.html)\n- [U.S. Caselaw](https:\/\/caselaw.findlaw.com\/)\n- [U.S. Codes](https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/)\n\nLEGAL NETWORK\n\n[FindLaw.com](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/) Free, trusted legal information for consumers and legal professionals\n\n[SuperLawyers.com](https:\/\/www.superlawyers.com\/) Directory of U.S. attorneys with the exclusive Super Lawyers rating\n\n[Abogado.com](https:\/\/www.abogado.com\/) The \\#1 Spanish-language legal website for consumers\n\n[LawInfo.com](https:\/\/www.lawinfo.com\/) Nationwide attorney directory and legal consumer resources\n\nCopyright © 2026, FindLaw. All rights reserved.\n\n[Terms](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/findlaw-terms-of-service.html)   [Privacy](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/privacy\/privacy-statement.html)   [Disclaimer](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/disclaimer.html)   [Cookies](https:\/\/www.internetbrands.com\/privacy\/cookie-policy)  [Manage Preferences](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/lemon-law\/lemon-law-basics.html)","attrs_readable_markdown":"By [Natalie Moritz](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/natalie-moritz\/) \\| Legally reviewed by [Melissa Bender, Esq.](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/melissa-bender-esq\/) \\| Last reviewed April 30, 2024\n\n##\n*The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our [contributing authors](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html). We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please [contact an attorney in your area](https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink).*\n\nFederal and state laws protect consumers from fraud and defective products.\n\nThe [Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/consumer-transactions\/warranty-laws-and-the-magnuson-moss-warranty-act-.html) is a federal law that governs written warranties for consumer products. It requires manufacturers and sellers to give consumers clear and transparent warranty information. Its protections cover warranties for most consumer products, including vehicles.\n\nAt the state level, \"[lemon laws](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/lemon-law\/lemon-laws-state-specific-information.html)\" protect consumers from defective vehicles. These laws give car buyers the right to a refund of the full price or a replacement vehicle if the one they bought has irreparable defects or mechanical problems.\n\nTypically, the consumer must allow the car dealer or manufacturer to fix the vehicle’s problem before a buyer’s rights under [lemon laws take effect](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/lemon-law\/how-the-new-car-lemon-law-can-help-you.html).\n\nFindLaw’s Lemon Law Basics section offers information about state and federal car buyer protections and how state laws govern [car repairs](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/lemon-law\/car-repairs-and-the-law.html). In this section, you can also find:\n\n- Car-buying tools and resources\n- State-specific lemon law information\n- A guide to hiring an attorney for help with a lemon law claim\n## The Definition of a Lemon\nEach state has its [own lemon laws](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/lemon-law\/lemon-laws-state-specific-information.html) and definition of what qualifies as a lemon. But most states define a lemon as a new car with a substantial defect that mechanics can’t fix, even after a reasonable number of repair attempts.\n\nHow states define a substantial defect also varies. But most states define it as a defect that affects a serious function or expectation of the car. Examples include:\n\n- Faulty steering or suspension\n- Transmission issues\n- Electrical system defects\n- Engine issues\n\nMost states also require that the vehicle’s [express warranty](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/consumer-transactions\/what-are-express-and-implied-warranties.html) cover the defect.\n\nTypically, states allow the manufacturer or car dealer to try to [repair the vehicle defect](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/lemon-law\/secret-warranties-recalls-and-lemons.html) before lemon law applies. Individual states determine what a reasonable amount of repairs is. The number may vary depending on the defect.\n\nFor example, [California’s lemon law](https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/ca\/civil-code\/civ-sect-1793-22\/) applies to any new motor vehicle bought or used for personal, family, or household purposes. It also covers used vehicles still under the original manufacturer’s warranty. California law considers at least two repair attempts \"reasonable.\"\n\n## Lemon Vehicles and Car Warranty Periods\nLemon law covers vehicles under the [original manufacturer warranty](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/consumer-transactions\/consumer-warranty-basics.html).\n\nMost states require consumers to report a defect within the warranty period or a set amount of time—whatever comes first. The time varies by state but typically ranges from one to two years after [the vehicle purchase](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/lemon-law\/buying-a-car.html).\n\nInstead of a time frame, you may have to report a defect within a specific mileage range, commonly 12,000 to 24,000 miles.\n\nMost lemon laws don’t apply to vehicles in an extended warranty period. This is because most extended warranties [are service contracts](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/consumer-transactions\/product-warranties-returns.html) that provide repair and maintenance coverage. An extended warranty is usually an optional plan you can buy that kicks in after your manufacturer’s warranty ends.\n\nA manufacturer warranty is sometimes called a factory warranty.\n\n## Arbitration Programs for Lemon Law Disputes\nSome states offer [arbitration programs](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/adr\/arbitration\/arbitration-rules-and-procedures.html) to address lemon law disputes. Arbitration is when a neutral third party (the arbitrator) decides how to resolve a conflict between two parties. Arbitration happens outside the court system and is generally [faster and less expensive](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/adr\/arbitration\/arbitration-pros-and-cons.html) than filing a lawsuit.\n\nFor lemon law issues, the arbitrator focuses on determining if there has been a reasonable number of repair attempts and an appropriate remedy. Not every state offers arbitration programs for lemon issues — check with [your state’s attorney general office or consumer protection agency](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/credit-banking-finance\/what-consumer-protection-agencies-do.html) to find specifics for your state.\n\n## Finding a Reputable Mechanic for Car Repairs\nJust because your new vehicle [needs a repair](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/lemon-law\/car-repairs-and-the-law.html) while under warranty doesn’t necessarily mean it’s a lemon. A single repair fixes most issues.\n\nFederal law bans the manufacturer or dealership from forcing you to use a particular mechanic or authorized dealer for repair. But they may be able to [void a warranty claim](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/consumer-transactions\/what-will-void-a-warranty-.html) if an aftermarket part causes further problems with your vehicle.\n\nDepending on how long you own your vehicle, you will likely need a repair at some point after the warranty expires. You will want to [find a reputable mechanic](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/product-liability\/your-rights-defects-repairs-and-lawsuits.html) at a fair price, which can be difficult.\n\nThere are three primary types of car repair facilities:\n\n- Car dealerships\n- General repair shops\n- Auto repair chains\n\nCar dealerships are usually a safe choice because the mechanics have experience with your vehicle’s make and model. But dealerships are usually more expensive than other types of repair shops. So, most consumers choose to use a dealership if the vehicle’s warranty [covers the necessary work](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/lemon-law\/automobile-warranties-and-other-buyer-protections.html).\n\nGeneral repair shops usually offer less expensive labor, but parts can cost more than at a dealership. It can also be difficult to know if the mechanics are reliable, honest, and familiar with your type of car.\n\nFinally, auto repair chains generally focus on one or two particular areas of a car. These are good for specific routine maintenance, [like oil changes](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/litigation\/filing-a-lawsuit\/can-i-sue-quick-car-maintenance-services-like-oil-changes--tires.html) or balancing and aligning tires. They tend to be less expensive because they work on many cars.\n\nYou may end up at an unscrupulous repair shop despite your best efforts. While you might be unhappy with the service, if you do not pay for the repairs to your vehicle, the shop may be legally entitled to keep it. Often, the shop owner can get a [mechanic’s lien](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/realestate\/owning-a-home\/understanding-mechanic-s-liens.html), which allows them to keep and sell the car if you do not pay the balance for the repair.\n\n## Hiring a Lemon Law Attorney\nIf you think you’ve bought a lemon, you have legal rights. While most consumers can resolve a lemon issue on their own, some complicated situations need the help of a [lemon law lawyer](https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/lemon-law\/getting-an-attorney-s-help-lemon-laws-car-buyer-protections.html).\n\nWhile lemon laws most often cover new vehicles, some used cars, trucks, motorcycles, and motorhomes are also protected. An attorney can review your state’s law to determine if it covers your type of vehicle. If your car meets the criteria for a lemon, the dealer may have to buy back the vehicle from you at its purchase price.\n\nIf the manufacturer or dealership is difficult and you can’t get a refund or replacement vehicle, an experienced attorney can help. They can look at the details to determine if you have a lemon law case. They can negotiate with the dealership and help you take further legal action if necessary. [Contact an attorney](https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/lemon-law\/?fli=dcta) in your area to learn more.\n\nWas this helpful?","meta_canonical":null}

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Boilerpipe Text	By Natalie Moritz \| Legally reviewed by Melissa Bender, Esq. \| Last reviewed April 30, 2024 The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our contributing authors . We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please contact an attorney in your area . Federal and state laws protect consumers from fraud and defective products. The Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act is a federal law that governs written warranties for consumer products. It requires manufacturers and sellers to give consumers clear and transparent warranty information. Its protections cover warranties for most consumer products, including vehicles. At the state level, " lemon laws " protect consumers from defective vehicles. These laws give car buyers the right to a refund of the full price or a replacement vehicle if the one they bought has irreparable defects or mechanical problems. Typically, the consumer must allow the car dealer or manufacturer to fix the vehicle’s problem before a buyer’s rights under lemon laws take effect . FindLaw’s Lemon Law Basics section offers information about state and federal car buyer protections and how state laws govern car repairs . In this section, you can also find: Car-buying tools and resources State-specific lemon law information A guide to hiring an attorney for help with a lemon law claim The Definition of a Lemon Each state has its own lemon laws and definition of what qualifies as a lemon. But most states define a lemon as a new car with a substantial defect that mechanics can’t fix, even after a reasonable number of repair attempts. How states define a substantial defect also varies. But most states define it as a defect that affects a serious function or expectation of the car. Examples include: Faulty steering or suspension Transmission issues Electrical system defects Engine issues Most states also require that the vehicle’s express warranty cover the defect. Typically, states allow the manufacturer or car dealer to try to repair the vehicle defect before lemon law applies. Individual states determine what a reasonable amount of repairs is. The number may vary depending on the defect. For example, California’s lemon law applies to any new motor vehicle bought or used for personal, family, or household purposes. It also covers used vehicles still under the original manufacturer’s warranty. California law considers at least two repair attempts "reasonable." Lemon Vehicles and Car Warranty Periods Lemon law covers vehicles under the original manufacturer warranty . Most states require consumers to report a defect within the warranty period or a set amount of time—whatever comes first. The time varies by state but typically ranges from one to two years after the vehicle purchase . Instead of a time frame, you may have to report a defect within a specific mileage range, commonly 12,000 to 24,000 miles. Most lemon laws don’t apply to vehicles in an extended warranty period. This is because most extended warranties are service contracts that provide repair and maintenance coverage. An extended warranty is usually an optional plan you can buy that kicks in after your manufacturer’s warranty ends. A manufacturer warranty is sometimes called a factory warranty. Arbitration Programs for Lemon Law Disputes Some states offer arbitration programs to address lemon law disputes. Arbitration is when a neutral third party (the arbitrator) decides how to resolve a conflict between two parties. Arbitration happens outside the court system and is generally faster and less expensive than filing a lawsuit. For lemon law issues, the arbitrator focuses on determining if there has been a reasonable number of repair attempts and an appropriate remedy. Not every state offers arbitration programs for lemon issues — check with your state’s attorney general office or consumer protection agency to find specifics for your state. Finding a Reputable Mechanic for Car Repairs Just because your new vehicle needs a repair while under warranty doesn’t necessarily mean it’s a lemon. A single repair fixes most issues. Federal law bans the manufacturer or dealership from forcing you to use a particular mechanic or authorized dealer for repair. But they may be able to void a warranty claim if an aftermarket part causes further problems with your vehicle. Depending on how long you own your vehicle, you will likely need a repair at some point after the warranty expires. You will want to find a reputable mechanic at a fair price, which can be difficult. There are three primary types of car repair facilities: Car dealerships General repair shops Auto repair chains Car dealerships are usually a safe choice because the mechanics have experience with your vehicle’s make and model. But dealerships are usually more expensive than other types of repair shops. So, most consumers choose to use a dealership if the vehicle’s warranty covers the necessary work . General repair shops usually offer less expensive labor, but parts can cost more than at a dealership. It can also be difficult to know if the mechanics are reliable, honest, and familiar with your type of car. Finally, auto repair chains generally focus on one or two particular areas of a car. These are good for specific routine maintenance, like oil changes or balancing and aligning tires. They tend to be less expensive because they work on many cars. You may end up at an unscrupulous repair shop despite your best efforts. While you might be unhappy with the service, if you do not pay for the repairs to your vehicle, the shop may be legally entitled to keep it. Often, the shop owner can get a mechanic’s lien , which allows them to keep and sell the car if you do not pay the balance for the repair. Hiring a Lemon Law Attorney If you think you’ve bought a lemon, you have legal rights. While most consumers can resolve a lemon issue on their own, some complicated situations need the help of a lemon law lawyer . While lemon laws most often cover new vehicles, some used cars, trucks, motorcycles, and motorhomes are also protected. An attorney can review your state’s law to determine if it covers your type of vehicle. If your car meets the criteria for a lemon, the dealer may have to buy back the vehicle from you at its purchase price. If the manufacturer or dealership is difficult and you can’t get a refund or replacement vehicle, an experienced attorney can help. They can look at the details to determine if you have a lemon law case. They can negotiate with the dealership and help you take further legal action if necessary. Contact an attorney in your area to learn more. Was this helpful?
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(Required) Lemon Law in London, England ### Find a Lawyer More Options - [Name Search](https://lawyers.findlaw.com/name-search/) - [Browse Legal Issues](https://lawyers.findlaw.com/legal-issues/) - [Browse Law Firms](https://lawyers.findlaw.com/profile/lawfirm/a/1.html) - [Support](https://lawyers.findlaw.com/lawyer/help/) 1. [FindLaw](https://www.findlaw.com/) / 2. [Learn About The Law](https://www.findlaw.com/law.html) / 3. [Consumer Protection Law](https://www.findlaw.com/consumer.html) / 4. [Lemon Law](https://www.findlaw.com/consumer/lemon-law.html) / 5. Lemon Law Basics # Lemon Law Basics By [Natalie Moritz](https://www.findlaw.com/company/our-team/natalie-moritz/) \\| Legally reviewed by [Melissa Bender, Esq.](https://www.findlaw.com/company/our-team/melissa-bender-esq/) \\| Last reviewed April 30, 2024 ## Legally Reviewed This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by [FindLaw’s team of legal writers and attorneys](https://www.findlaw.com/company/our-team.html) and in accordance with [our editorial standards](https://www.findlaw.com/company/company-history/editorial-policy.html). ## Fact-Checked The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our [contributing authors](https://www.findlaw.com/company/our-team/contributing-authors.html). We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please [contact an attorney in your area](https://lawyers.findlaw.com/?fli=bylinelink). Federal and state laws protect consumers from fraud and defective products. The [Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act](https://www.findlaw.com/consumer/consumer-transactions/warranty-laws-and-the-magnuson-moss-warranty-act-.html) is a federal law that governs written warranties for consumer products. It requires manufacturers and sellers to give consumers clear and transparent warranty information. Its protections cover warranties for most consumer products, including vehicles. At the state level, "[lemon laws](https://www.findlaw.com/consumer/lemon-law/lemon-laws-state-specific-information.html)" protect consumers from defective vehicles. These laws give car buyers the right to a refund of the full price or a replacement vehicle if the one they bought has irreparable defects or mechanical problems. Typically, the consumer must allow the car dealer or manufacturer to fix the vehicle’s problem before a buyer’s rights under [lemon laws take effect](https://www.findlaw.com/consumer/lemon-law/how-the-new-car-lemon-law-can-help-you.html). FindLaw’s Lemon Law Basics section offers information about state and federal car buyer protections and how state laws govern [car repairs](https://www.findlaw.com/consumer/lemon-law/car-repairs-and-the-law.html). In this section, you can also find: - Car-buying tools and resources - State-specific lemon law information - A guide to hiring an attorney for help with a lemon law claim ## The Definition of a Lemon Each state has its [own lemon laws](https://www.findlaw.com/consumer/lemon-law/lemon-laws-state-specific-information.html) and definition of what qualifies as a lemon. But most states define a lemon as a new car with a substantial defect that mechanics can’t fix, even after a reasonable number of repair attempts. How states define a substantial defect also varies. But most states define it as a defect that affects a serious function or expectation of the car. Examples include: - Faulty steering or suspension - Transmission issues - Electrical system defects - Engine issues Most states also require that the vehicle’s [express warranty](https://www.findlaw.com/consumer/consumer-transactions/what-are-express-and-implied-warranties.html) cover the defect. Typically, states allow the manufacturer or car dealer to try to [repair the vehicle defect](https://www.findlaw.com/consumer/lemon-law/secret-warranties-recalls-and-lemons.html) before lemon law applies. Individual states determine what a reasonable amount of repairs is. The number may vary depending on the defect. For example, [California’s lemon law](https://codes.findlaw.com/ca/civil-code/civ-sect-1793-22/) applies to any new motor vehicle bought or used for personal, family, or household purposes. It also covers used vehicles still under the original manufacturer’s warranty. California law considers at least two repair attempts "reasonable." ## Lemon Vehicles and Car Warranty Periods Lemon law covers vehicles under the [original manufacturer warranty](https://www.findlaw.com/consumer/consumer-transactions/consumer-warranty-basics.html). Most states require consumers to report a defect within the warranty period or a set amount of time—whatever comes first. The time varies by state but typically ranges from one to two years after [the vehicle purchase](https://www.findlaw.com/consumer/lemon-law/buying-a-car.html). Instead of a time frame, you may have to report a defect within a specific mileage range, commonly 12,000 to 24,000 miles. Most lemon laws don’t apply to vehicles in an extended warranty period. This is because most extended warranties [are service contracts](https://www.findlaw.com/consumer/consumer-transactions/product-warranties-returns.html) that provide repair and maintenance coverage. An extended warranty is usually an optional plan you can buy that kicks in after your manufacturer’s warranty ends. A manufacturer warranty is sometimes called a factory warranty. ## Arbitration Programs for Lemon Law Disputes Some states offer [arbitration programs](https://www.findlaw.com/adr/arbitration/arbitration-rules-and-procedures.html) to address lemon law disputes. Arbitration is when a neutral third party (the arbitrator) decides how to resolve a conflict between two parties. Arbitration happens outside the court system and is generally [faster and less expensive](https://www.findlaw.com/adr/arbitration/arbitration-pros-and-cons.html) than filing a lawsuit. For lemon law issues, the arbitrator focuses on determining if there has been a reasonable number of repair attempts and an appropriate remedy. Not every state offers arbitration programs for lemon issues — check with [your state’s attorney general office or consumer protection agency](https://www.findlaw.com/consumer/credit-banking-finance/what-consumer-protection-agencies-do.html) to find specifics for your state. ## Finding a Reputable Mechanic for Car Repairs Just because your new vehicle [needs a repair](https://www.findlaw.com/consumer/lemon-law/car-repairs-and-the-law.html) while under warranty doesn’t necessarily mean it’s a lemon. A single repair fixes most issues. Federal law bans the manufacturer or dealership from forcing you to use a particular mechanic or authorized dealer for repair. But they may be able to [void a warranty claim](https://www.findlaw.com/consumer/consumer-transactions/what-will-void-a-warranty-.html) if an aftermarket part causes further problems with your vehicle. Depending on how long you own your vehicle, you will likely need a repair at some point after the warranty expires. You will want to [find a reputable mechanic](https://www.findlaw.com/injury/product-liability/your-rights-defects-repairs-and-lawsuits.html) at a fair price, which can be difficult. There are three primary types of car repair facilities: - Car dealerships - General repair shops - Auto repair chains Car dealerships are usually a safe choice because the mechanics have experience with your vehicle’s make and model. But dealerships are usually more expensive than other types of repair shops. So, most consumers choose to use a dealership if the vehicle’s warranty [covers the necessary work](https://www.findlaw.com/consumer/lemon-law/automobile-warranties-and-other-buyer-protections.html). General repair shops usually offer less expensive labor, but parts can cost more than at a dealership. It can also be difficult to know if the mechanics are reliable, honest, and familiar with your type of car. Finally, auto repair chains generally focus on one or two particular areas of a car. These are good for specific routine maintenance, [like oil changes](https://www.findlaw.com/litigation/filing-a-lawsuit/can-i-sue-quick-car-maintenance-services-like-oil-changes--tires.html) or balancing and aligning tires. They tend to be less expensive because they work on many cars. You may end up at an unscrupulous repair shop despite your best efforts. While you might be unhappy with the service, if you do not pay for the repairs to your vehicle, the shop may be legally entitled to keep it. Often, the shop owner can get a [mechanic’s lien](https://www.findlaw.com/realestate/owning-a-home/understanding-mechanic-s-liens.html), which allows them to keep and sell the car if you do not pay the balance for the repair. ## Hiring a Lemon Law Attorney If you think you’ve bought a lemon, you have legal rights. While most consumers can resolve a lemon issue on their own, some complicated situations need the help of a [lemon law lawyer](https://www.findlaw.com/consumer/lemon-law/getting-an-attorney-s-help-lemon-laws-car-buyer-protections.html). While lemon laws most often cover new vehicles, some used cars, trucks, motorcycles, and motorhomes are also protected. An attorney can review your state’s law to determine if it covers your type of vehicle. If your car meets the criteria for a lemon, the dealer may have to buy back the vehicle from you at its purchase price. If the manufacturer or dealership is difficult and you can’t get a refund or replacement vehicle, an experienced attorney can help. They can look at the details to determine if you have a lemon law case. They can negotiate with the dealership and help you take further legal action if necessary. [Contact an attorney](https://lawyers.findlaw.com/lemon-law/?fli=dcta) in your area to learn more. Was this helpful? Yes No ## Can I Solve This on My Own or Do I Need an Attorney? - Consumer legal issues typically need an attorney’s support - You can hire an attorney to enforce your rights for safe products, fair transactions, and legal credit, banking and related financial matters Legal cases for identity theft, scams, or the Equal Credit Opportunity Act can be complicated and slow. An attorney can offer tailored advice and help prevent common mistakes. [Find a local attorney](https://lawyers.findlaw.com/consumer-protection/england/london/?fli=esum:0803) ### Stay Up-to-Date With How the Law Affects Your Life ![](https://www.findlaw.com/static/c/images/images/w_1200,c_limit,dpr_auto/f_auto,q_auto:eco/v1745902396/ability-law/wp-prod/general-components-subscribe-module-Image-subscribeModule_1/general-components-subscribe-module-Image-subscribeModule_1.png?_i=AA) #### Enter your email address to subscribe [Learn more about FindLaw’s newsletters](https://newsletters.findlaw.com/), including our terms of use and privacy policy. ### Helpful Links - [Lemon Law](https://www.findlaw.com/consumer/lemon-law.html) - [Online Scams](https://www.findlaw.com/consumer/online-scams.html) - [Rights to Travel](https://www.findlaw.com/consumer/travel-rules-and-rights.html) ### Attorney Directory - [Lemon Lawyers](https://lawyers.findlaw.com/lemon-law/) - [Professional Malpractice Lawyers](https://lawyers.findlaw.com/professional-malpractice-law/) - [Personal Injury Lawyers](https://lawyers.findlaw.com/personal-injury-plaintiff/) - [Products Liability Lawyers](https://lawyers.findlaw.com/products-liability-law/) - [Credit Repair Lawyers](https://lawyers.findlaw.com/credit-repair/) - [Debtor and Creditor Lawyers](https://lawyers.findlaw.com/debtor-creditor/) - [Consumer Protection Lawyers](https://lawyers.findlaw.com/consumer-protection/) ## You Don’t Have To Solve This on Your Own – Get a Lawyer’s Help Meeting with a lawyer can help you understand your options and how to best protect your rights. Visit our [attorney directory](https://lawyers.findlaw.com/) to find a lawyer near you who can help. Or contact an attorney near you: SPONSORED ## Next Steps Contact a qualified attorney to make sure your rights and interests get protected. Enter information. (Required) ## Find Help for These Areas: - [Insurance](https://www.findlaw.com/consumer/insurance.html?fli=diyns "Insurance") - [Financial Protections](https://www.findlaw.com/consumer/credit-banking-finance.html?fli=diyns "Financial Protections") - [Identity Theft](https://www.findlaw.com/consumer/online-scams/identity-theft.html?fli=diyns "Identity Theft") Copied to clipboard [Back to Top](https://www.findlaw.com/consumer/lemon-law/lemon-law-basics.html) ![](https://www.findlaw.com/static/c/images/image/upload/c_crop,w_229,h_50/v1725999921/resources/flfe/FindLaw_rgb_158_3.png) Questions? At FindLaw.com, we pride ourselves on being the number one source of free legal information and resources on the web. 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Readable Markdown	By [Natalie Moritz](https://www.findlaw.com/company/our-team/natalie-moritz/) \\| Legally reviewed by [Melissa Bender, Esq.](https://www.findlaw.com/company/our-team/melissa-bender-esq/) \\| Last reviewed April 30, 2024 ## The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our [contributing authors](https://www.findlaw.com/company/our-team/contributing-authors.html). We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please [contact an attorney in your area](https://lawyers.findlaw.com/?fli=bylinelink). Federal and state laws protect consumers from fraud and defective products. The [Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act](https://www.findlaw.com/consumer/consumer-transactions/warranty-laws-and-the-magnuson-moss-warranty-act-.html) is a federal law that governs written warranties for consumer products. It requires manufacturers and sellers to give consumers clear and transparent warranty information. Its protections cover warranties for most consumer products, including vehicles. At the state level, "[lemon laws](https://www.findlaw.com/consumer/lemon-law/lemon-laws-state-specific-information.html)" protect consumers from defective vehicles. These laws give car buyers the right to a refund of the full price or a replacement vehicle if the one they bought has irreparable defects or mechanical problems. Typically, the consumer must allow the car dealer or manufacturer to fix the vehicle’s problem before a buyer’s rights under [lemon laws take effect](https://www.findlaw.com/consumer/lemon-law/how-the-new-car-lemon-law-can-help-you.html). FindLaw’s Lemon Law Basics section offers information about state and federal car buyer protections and how state laws govern [car repairs](https://www.findlaw.com/consumer/lemon-law/car-repairs-and-the-law.html). In this section, you can also find: - Car-buying tools and resources - State-specific lemon law information - A guide to hiring an attorney for help with a lemon law claim ## The Definition of a Lemon Each state has its [own lemon laws](https://www.findlaw.com/consumer/lemon-law/lemon-laws-state-specific-information.html) and definition of what qualifies as a lemon. But most states define a lemon as a new car with a substantial defect that mechanics can’t fix, even after a reasonable number of repair attempts. How states define a substantial defect also varies. But most states define it as a defect that affects a serious function or expectation of the car. Examples include: - Faulty steering or suspension - Transmission issues - Electrical system defects - Engine issues Most states also require that the vehicle’s [express warranty](https://www.findlaw.com/consumer/consumer-transactions/what-are-express-and-implied-warranties.html) cover the defect. Typically, states allow the manufacturer or car dealer to try to [repair the vehicle defect](https://www.findlaw.com/consumer/lemon-law/secret-warranties-recalls-and-lemons.html) before lemon law applies. Individual states determine what a reasonable amount of repairs is. The number may vary depending on the defect. For example, [California’s lemon law](https://codes.findlaw.com/ca/civil-code/civ-sect-1793-22/) applies to any new motor vehicle bought or used for personal, family, or household purposes. It also covers used vehicles still under the original manufacturer’s warranty. California law considers at least two repair attempts "reasonable." ## Lemon Vehicles and Car Warranty Periods Lemon law covers vehicles under the [original manufacturer warranty](https://www.findlaw.com/consumer/consumer-transactions/consumer-warranty-basics.html). Most states require consumers to report a defect within the warranty period or a set amount of time—whatever comes first. The time varies by state but typically ranges from one to two years after [the vehicle purchase](https://www.findlaw.com/consumer/lemon-law/buying-a-car.html). Instead of a time frame, you may have to report a defect within a specific mileage range, commonly 12,000 to 24,000 miles. Most lemon laws don’t apply to vehicles in an extended warranty period. This is because most extended warranties [are service contracts](https://www.findlaw.com/consumer/consumer-transactions/product-warranties-returns.html) that provide repair and maintenance coverage. An extended warranty is usually an optional plan you can buy that kicks in after your manufacturer’s warranty ends. A manufacturer warranty is sometimes called a factory warranty. ## Arbitration Programs for Lemon Law Disputes Some states offer [arbitration programs](https://www.findlaw.com/adr/arbitration/arbitration-rules-and-procedures.html) to address lemon law disputes. Arbitration is when a neutral third party (the arbitrator) decides how to resolve a conflict between two parties. Arbitration happens outside the court system and is generally [faster and less expensive](https://www.findlaw.com/adr/arbitration/arbitration-pros-and-cons.html) than filing a lawsuit. For lemon law issues, the arbitrator focuses on determining if there has been a reasonable number of repair attempts and an appropriate remedy. Not every state offers arbitration programs for lemon issues — check with [your state’s attorney general office or consumer protection agency](https://www.findlaw.com/consumer/credit-banking-finance/what-consumer-protection-agencies-do.html) to find specifics for your state. ## Finding a Reputable Mechanic for Car Repairs Just because your new vehicle [needs a repair](https://www.findlaw.com/consumer/lemon-law/car-repairs-and-the-law.html) while under warranty doesn’t necessarily mean it’s a lemon. A single repair fixes most issues. Federal law bans the manufacturer or dealership from forcing you to use a particular mechanic or authorized dealer for repair. But they may be able to [void a warranty claim](https://www.findlaw.com/consumer/consumer-transactions/what-will-void-a-warranty-.html) if an aftermarket part causes further problems with your vehicle. Depending on how long you own your vehicle, you will likely need a repair at some point after the warranty expires. You will want to [find a reputable mechanic](https://www.findlaw.com/injury/product-liability/your-rights-defects-repairs-and-lawsuits.html) at a fair price, which can be difficult. There are three primary types of car repair facilities: - Car dealerships - General repair shops - Auto repair chains Car dealerships are usually a safe choice because the mechanics have experience with your vehicle’s make and model. But dealerships are usually more expensive than other types of repair shops. So, most consumers choose to use a dealership if the vehicle’s warranty [covers the necessary work](https://www.findlaw.com/consumer/lemon-law/automobile-warranties-and-other-buyer-protections.html). General repair shops usually offer less expensive labor, but parts can cost more than at a dealership. It can also be difficult to know if the mechanics are reliable, honest, and familiar with your type of car. Finally, auto repair chains generally focus on one or two particular areas of a car. These are good for specific routine maintenance, [like oil changes](https://www.findlaw.com/litigation/filing-a-lawsuit/can-i-sue-quick-car-maintenance-services-like-oil-changes--tires.html) or balancing and aligning tires. They tend to be less expensive because they work on many cars. You may end up at an unscrupulous repair shop despite your best efforts. While you might be unhappy with the service, if you do not pay for the repairs to your vehicle, the shop may be legally entitled to keep it. Often, the shop owner can get a [mechanic’s lien](https://www.findlaw.com/realestate/owning-a-home/understanding-mechanic-s-liens.html), which allows them to keep and sell the car if you do not pay the balance for the repair. ## Hiring a Lemon Law Attorney If you think you’ve bought a lemon, you have legal rights. While most consumers can resolve a lemon issue on their own, some complicated situations need the help of a [lemon law lawyer](https://www.findlaw.com/consumer/lemon-law/getting-an-attorney-s-help-lemon-laws-car-buyer-protections.html). While lemon laws most often cover new vehicles, some used cars, trucks, motorcycles, and motorhomes are also protected. An attorney can review your state’s law to determine if it covers your type of vehicle. If your car meets the criteria for a lemon, the dealer may have to buy back the vehicle from you at its purchase price. If the manufacturer or dealership is difficult and you can’t get a refund or replacement vehicle, an experienced attorney can help. They can look at the details to determine if you have a lemon law case. They can negotiate with the dealership and help you take further legal action if necessary. [Contact an attorney](https://lawyers.findlaw.com/lemon-law/?fli=dcta) in your area to learn more. Was this helpful?
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