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Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 133 (from laksa072)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa133.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/covid-19-test-basics\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/covid-19-test-basics\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/covid-19-test-basics","crawl_time":1774367583,"first_indexed_time":0,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"gov,fda!www,\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/covid-19-test-basics s443","src_root_hash":"14166993592195710533","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"COVID-19 Test Basics | FDA","meta_descriptions":["Easy-to-understand information about the different types of coronavirus tests"],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Image\nEspañol\n简体中文\n한국어\nTagalog\nViệt\nHave a COVID-19 test you think may be expired? Read more about\nexpiration date information\nfor FDA-authorized at-home OTC COVID-19 diagnostic tests.  \nCOVID-19 testing plays a critical role in the fight against the virus. Understanding COVID-19 tests, including the different types of tests and their uses, and the types of samples the tests use, is key to making an informed decision that meets your needs.\nTypes of Tests\nThere are different types of COVID-19 tests –\ndiagnostic tests\nand\nantibody tests\n.\nDiagnostic tests\ncan show if you currently are infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. There are two common types of COVID-19 diagnostic tests:\nMolecular tests\n, such as\npolymerase chain reaction\n(PCR) and other nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) tests, which detect genetic material called RNA from the virus \nAntigen tests\n, often referred to as rapid tests or, for some, at-home or self tests, which detect proteins called antigens from the virus\nSamples for COVID-19 diagnostic tests are typically collected using an\nanterior nares\n(nasal) swab sample. Some diagnostic tests use other samples such as\nmid-turbinate\n,\nnasopharyngeal\n,\noropharyngeal\n, or\nsaliva\nsamples. Depending on the intended use, COVID-19 diagnostic tests can be performed at a laboratory, a standalone testing site, a doctor’s office or health clinic, or at home. For most molecular COVID-19 diagnostic tests, you go to a testing site to have your sample collected and for others you can collect your own sample at home using a home collection kit and mail it to a laboratory for testing. Some tests, including most antigen tests, can be performed completely at home, giving you results within minutes, without needing to send your sample to a laboratory.  \nIf you think you need a COVID-19 diagnostic test, you can\nfind a community testing site\nin your state. You can also use an\nFDA-authorized at-home COVID-19 diagnostic test\nwhich gives you the option of self-testing where it is convenient for you. Be sure to check the\nAt-Home OTC COVID-19 Diagnostic Tests\nwebsite for information on expiration dates, who can use the test, and other details that may help you decide what test is right for you. Be aware that COVID-19 diagnostic tests are\nauthorized\nfor specific uses and that laboratory-based molecular COVID-19 tests, are generally more accurate than at-home tests.\nTo increase the accuracy of an at-home COVID-19 antigen diagnostic test, it is important to perform repeat testing, after 48 hours, following a negative test result, whether you have symptoms or not, to reduce your risk of a false negative test result. For more information about how to reduce your risk of getting a false negative result on an at-home COVID-19 antigen test, read our\nFDA Safety Communication\n. For additional information on reading and understanding your test results, see\nUnderstanding At-Home OTC COVID-19 Antigen Diagnostic Test Results\n.\nFor details about each authorized COVID-19 diagnostic test, see the lists of authorized\nMolecular Diagnostic Tests\nand\nAntigen Diagnostic Tests\n, as well as the\nAt-Home COVID-19 Diagnostic Tests\nwebpage. Using the search box in the EUA tables, you can use keywords to search and filter the type of test or collection kit you are looking for. As new tests are authorized for use, they are added to these tables so that anyone can access up-to-date information on all authorized tests and collection kits.\nAntibody (or serology) tests look for antibodies\nin your blood that your immune system produced in response to SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19.\nAntibody tests should not be used to diagnose a current SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19\nand, at this time, should also not be used to check for immunity. More research is needed to determine what, if anything, antibody tests can tell us about a person’s immunity. \nSamples for antibody tests are typically collected by a doctor or other medical professional by taking blood from a finger stick or your vein. For more information about antibody testing, visit\nAntibody (Serology) Testing for COVID-19: Information for Patients and Consumers\n.\nTypes of Samples\nDifferent tests are authorized to be used with different types of samples. The most common sample types are:\nSwab samples\nuse a swab (similar to a long Q-Tip) to collect a sample from the nose or throat. The types of samples include:\nAnterior Nares\n(Nasal) – takes a sample from just inside the nostrils\nMid-turbinate\n– takes a sample from further up inside the nose\nNasopharyngeal\n– takes a sample from deep inside the nose, reaching the back of the throat, and should only be collected by a trained health care provider\nOropharyngeal\n– takes a sample from the middle part of the throat (pharynx) just beyond the mouth, and should only be collected by a trained health care provider\nSaliva samples\nare collected by spitting into a tube rather than using a nose or throat swab.\nBlood samples\nare only used to test for antibodies and not to diagnose COVID-19. Venous blood samples are typically collected at a doctor’s office or clinic. Some antibody tests use blood samples from a finger stick.\nRead More\nYou can read more about the individual types of tests, safety communications and how to interpret your test results at the links below:\nFDA authorized molecular tests\nFDA authorized antigen tests\nAt-home antigen test page\nSafety communication\nUnderstanding at-home OTC antigen test results\nReport Adverse Events\nThe FDA encourages health care professionals and patients to report adverse events or side effects as well as performance issues related to the use of COVID-19 tests or other medical products to the FDA’s MedWatch Safety Information and Adverse Event Reporting Program:\nComplete and submit the\nreport online\nthrough the FDA’s MedWatch website.\nDownload the form\nor call 1-800-332-1088 to request a form, then complete and return to the address on the form or submit by fax to 1-800-FDA-0178.","attrs_markdown":"- [Skip to main content](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/covid-19-test-basics#main-content)\n- [Skip to FDA Search](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/covid-19-test-basics#search-form)\n- [Skip to in this section menu](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/covid-19-test-basics#section-nav)\n- [Skip to footer links](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/covid-19-test-basics#footer)\n\n![U.S. flag](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/themes\/custom\/preview\/assets\/images\/US_Flag.png) An official website of the United States government [Here’s how you know](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/covid-19-test-basics)\n\n![Dot gov](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/themes\/custom\/preview\/assets\/images\/icon-dot-gov.svg)\n\n**The .gov means it’s official.**  \nFederal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal government site.\n\n![SSL](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/themes\/custom\/preview\/assets\/images\/icon-https.svg)\n\n**The site is secure.**  \n The **https:\/\/** ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.\n\n[![U.S. Food and Drug Administration logo](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/themes\/custom\/preview\/assets\/images\/FDA_Logo_Icon_White.svg)](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/ \"FDA Homepage\")\n\n- Search\n- Menu\n\n## Featured\n- [Report a Product Problem](https:\/\/www.safetyreporting.hhs.gov\/smarthub#\/ \"Report a Problem with an FDA Regulated Product\")\n- [Contact FDA](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/about-fda\/contact-fda)\n- [FDA Guidance Documents](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/regulatory-information\/search-fda-guidance-documents)\n- [Recalls, Market Withdrawals and Safety Alerts](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/safety\/recalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts)\n- [Press Announcements](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/news-events\/newsroom\/press-announcements)\n- [Warning Letters](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations\/compliance-actions-and-activities\/warning-letters)\n- [Advisory Committees](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/advisory-committees)\n- [En Espa\\&\\#241ol](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/fda-en-espanol)\n\n## Products\n- [Food](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/food)\n- [Drugs](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs)\n- [Medical Devices](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/medical-devices)\n- [Radiation-Emitting Products](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/radiation-emitting-products)\n- [Vaccines, Blood, and Biologics](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/vaccines-blood-biologics)\n- [Animal and Veterinary](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/animal-veterinary)\n- [Cosmetics](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/cosmetics)\n- [Tobacco Products](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/tobacco-products)\n\n## Topics\n- [About FDA](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/about-fda)\n- [Combination Products](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/combination-products)\n- [Regulatory Information](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/regulatory-information)\n- [Safety](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/safety)\n- [Emergency Preparedness](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/emergency-preparedness-and-response)\n- [International Programs](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/international-programs)\n- [News and Events](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/news-events)\n- [Training and Continuing Education](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/training-and-continuing-education)\n- [Inspections and Compliance](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations)\n- [Science and Research](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/science-research)\n\n## Information For\n- [Consumers](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers)\n- [Patients](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/patients)\n- [Industry](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/industry)\n- [Health Professionals](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/health-professionals)\n- [Federal, State and Local Officials](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/federal-state-local-tribal-and-territorial-officials)\n\n[In this section: Consumer Updates](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/covid-19-test-basics#section-nav)\n\n- [Consumer Updates](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates \"Consumer Updates\")\n  - [Animal & Veterinary](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/animal-veterinary)\n  - [Children's Health](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/childrens-health)\n  - [Cosmetics](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/cosmetics)\n  - [Dietary Supplements](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/dietary-supplements)\n  - [Drugs](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/drugs)\n  - [Food](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/food)\n  - [Medical Devices](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/medical-devices)\n  - [Nutrition](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/nutrition)\n  - [Radiation-Emitting Products](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/radiation-emitting-products)\n  - [Tobacco Products](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/tobacco-products)\n  - [Vaccines, Blood & Biologics](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/vaccines-blood-biologics)\n  - [Artículos para el consumidor en español](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol)\n\n1. [Home](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/)\n2. [For Consumers](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers)\n3. [Consumer Updates](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates)\n4. [COVID-19 Test Basics]()\n\n1. [Consumer Updates](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates \"Consumer Updates\")\n\n# COVID-19 Test Basics\n- [Consumer Updates](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates)\n  - [Animal & Veterinary](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/animal-veterinary)\n  - [Children's Health](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/childrens-health)\n  - [Cosmetics](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/cosmetics)\n  - [Dietary Supplements](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/dietary-supplements)\n  - [Drugs](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/drugs)\n  - [Food](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/food)\n  - [Medical Devices](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/medical-devices)\n  - [Nutrition](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/nutrition)\n  - [Radiation-Emitting Products](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/radiation-emitting-products)\n  - [Tobacco Products](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/tobacco-products)\n  - [Vaccines, Blood & Biologics](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/vaccines-blood-biologics)\n  - [Artículos para el consumidor en español](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol)\n\nImage\n\n![collage with three photos showing woman being tested for the coronavirus with a nasal swab, lab scientist wearing full personal protective gear preparing test sample with pipet, and a 3D illustration of the coronavirus](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/files\/styles\/main_image_medium\/public\/COVID%20testing%20policy%20drupal.jpg?itok=vcWyxRzi)\n\n[Español](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol\/conceptos-basicos-de-las-pruebas-para-el-covid-19 \"Conceptos básicos de las pruebas para el COVID-19\")   [简体中文](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/2019xinguanfeiyanceshijichuzhishi \"2019新冠肺炎测试基础知识\")   [한국어](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/kobideu-19-covid-19-geomsa-gibon-sahang \"코비드-19 (COVID-19) 검사 기본 사항\")   [Tagalog](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/mga-panguhaning-pagsusuri-ng-covid-19 \"Mga Panguhaning Pagsusuri ng COVID-19\")   [Việt](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/co-ban-ve-kiem-tra-covid-19 \"Cơ Bản Về Kiểm Tra COVID-19\")\n\nHave a COVID-19 test you think may be expired? Read more about [expiration date information](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/medical-devices\/coronavirus-covid-19-and-medical-devices\/home-otc-covid-19-diagnostic-tests#list) for FDA-authorized at-home OTC COVID-19 diagnostic tests.\n\nCOVID-19 testing plays a critical role in the fight against the virus. Understanding COVID-19 tests, including the different types of tests and their uses, and the types of samples the tests use, is key to making an informed decision that meets your needs.\n\n## Types of Tests\nThere are different types of COVID-19 tests – **diagnostic tests** and **antibody tests**.\n\n**Diagnostic tests** can show if you currently are infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. There are two common types of COVID-19 diagnostic tests:\n\n- [Molecular tests](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/medical-devices\/covid-19-emergency-use-authorizations-medical-devices\/in-vitro-diagnostics-euas-molecular-diagnostic-tests-sars-cov-2 \"In Vitro Diagnostics EUAs - Molecular Diagnostic Tests for SARS-CoV-2\"), such as [polymerase chain reaction](https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/lab-tests\/pcr-tests\/) (PCR) and other nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) tests, which detect genetic material called RNA from the virus\n- [Antigen tests](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/medical-devices\/covid-19-emergency-use-authorizations-medical-devices\/in-vitro-diagnostics-euas-antigen-diagnostic-tests-sars-cov-2 \"In Vitro Diagnostics EUAs - Antigen Diagnostic Tests for SARS-CoV-2\"), often referred to as rapid tests or, for some, at-home or self tests, which detect proteins called antigens from the virus\n\nSamples for COVID-19 diagnostic tests are typically collected using an [anterior nares](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/covid-19-test-basics#Anterior%20Nares) (nasal) swab sample. Some diagnostic tests use other samples such as [mid-turbinate](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/covid-19-test-basics#Mid-turbinate), [nasopharyngeal](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/covid-19-test-basics#Nasopharyngeal), [oropharyngeal](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/covid-19-test-basics#Oropharyngeal), or [saliva](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/covid-19-test-basics#Saliva%20samples) samples. Depending on the intended use, COVID-19 diagnostic tests can be performed at a laboratory, a standalone testing site, a doctor’s office or health clinic, or at home. For most molecular COVID-19 diagnostic tests, you go to a testing site to have your sample collected and for others you can collect your own sample at home using a home collection kit and mail it to a laboratory for testing. Some tests, including most antigen tests, can be performed completely at home, giving you results within minutes, without needing to send your sample to a laboratory.\n\nIf you think you need a COVID-19 diagnostic test, you can [find a community testing site](https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/coronavirus\/community-based-testing-sites\/index.html) in your state. You can also use an [FDA-authorized at-home COVID-19 diagnostic test](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/medical-devices\/coronavirus-covid-19-and-medical-devices\/home-otc-covid-19-diagnostic-tests \"At-Home OTC COVID-19 Diagnostic Tests\") which gives you the option of self-testing where it is convenient for you. Be sure to check the [At-Home OTC COVID-19 Diagnostic Tests](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/medical-devices\/coronavirus-covid-19-and-medical-devices\/home-otc-covid-19-diagnostic-tests \"At-Home OTC COVID-19 Diagnostic Tests\") website for information on expiration dates, who can use the test, and other details that may help you decide what test is right for you. Be aware that COVID-19 diagnostic tests are [authorized](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/medical-devices\/covid-19-emergency-use-authorizations-medical-devices\/faqs-emergency-use-authorizations-euas-medical-devices-related-covid-19 \"FAQs on Emergency Use Authorizations (EUAs) for Medical Devices Related to COVID-19\") for specific uses and that laboratory-based molecular COVID-19 tests, are generally more accurate than at-home tests.\n\nTo increase the accuracy of an at-home COVID-19 antigen diagnostic test, it is important to perform repeat testing, after 48 hours, following a negative test result, whether you have symptoms or not, to reduce your risk of a false negative test result. For more information about how to reduce your risk of getting a false negative result on an at-home COVID-19 antigen test, read our [FDA Safety Communication](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/node\/403103). For additional information on reading and understanding your test results, see [Understanding At-Home OTC COVID-19 Antigen Diagnostic Test Results](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/medical-devices\/coronavirus-covid-19-and-medical-devices\/understanding-home-otc-covid-19-antigen-diagnostic-test-results \"Understanding At-Home OTC COVID-19 Antigen Diagnostic Test Results\").\n\nFor details about each authorized COVID-19 diagnostic test, see the lists of authorized [Molecular Diagnostic Tests](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/medical-devices\/covid-19-emergency-use-authorizations-medical-devices\/in-vitro-diagnostics-euas-molecular-diagnostic-tests-sars-cov-2 \"In Vitro Diagnostics EUAs - Molecular Diagnostic Tests for SARS-CoV-2\") and [Antigen Diagnostic Tests](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/medical-devices\/covid-19-emergency-use-authorizations-medical-devices\/in-vitro-diagnostics-euas-antigen-diagnostic-tests-sars-cov-2 \"In Vitro Diagnostics EUAs - Antigen Diagnostic Tests for SARS-CoV-2\"), as well as the [At-Home COVID-19 Diagnostic Tests](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/medical-devices\/coronavirus-covid-19-and-medical-devices\/home-otc-covid-19-diagnostic-tests \"At-Home OTC COVID-19 Diagnostic Tests\") webpage. Using the search box in the EUA tables, you can use keywords to search and filter the type of test or collection kit you are looking for. As new tests are authorized for use, they are added to these tables so that anyone can access up-to-date information on all authorized tests and collection kits.\n\n**Antibody (or serology) tests look for antibodies** in your blood that your immune system produced in response to SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. **Antibody tests should not be used to diagnose a current SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19** and, at this time, should also not be used to check for immunity. More research is needed to determine what, if anything, antibody tests can tell us about a person’s immunity.\n\nSamples for antibody tests are typically collected by a doctor or other medical professional by taking blood from a finger stick or your vein. For more information about antibody testing, visit [Antibody (Serology) Testing for COVID-19: Information for Patients and Consumers](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/medical-devices\/coronavirus-covid-19-and-medical-devices\/antibody-serology-testing-covid-19-information-patients-and-consumers \"Antibody (Serology) Testing for COVID-19: Information for Patients and Consumers\").\n\n## Types of Samples\nDifferent tests are authorized to be used with different types of samples. The most common sample types are:\n\n![COVID-19 swab sample locations: Anterior Nares, Mid-turbinate, Nasopharyngeal, and Oropharyngeal](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/files\/COVID-19-Swab-Sample-Locations-CU-03-1600x900.png)\n\n**Swab samples** use a swab (similar to a long Q-Tip) to collect a sample from the nose or throat. The types of samples include:\n\n- [Anterior Nares]() (Nasal) – takes a sample from just inside the nostrils\n- [Mid-turbinate]() – takes a sample from further up inside the nose\n- [Nasopharyngeal]() – takes a sample from deep inside the nose, reaching the back of the throat, and should only be collected by a trained health care provider\n- [Oropharyngeal]() – takes a sample from the middle part of the throat (pharynx) just beyond the mouth, and should only be collected by a trained health care provider\n\n[**Saliva samples**]() are collected by spitting into a tube rather than using a nose or throat swab.\n\n**Blood samples** are only used to test for antibodies and not to diagnose COVID-19. Venous blood samples are typically collected at a doctor’s office or clinic. Some antibody tests use blood samples from a finger stick.\n\n## Read More\nYou can read more about the individual types of tests, safety communications and how to interpret your test results at the links below:\n\n- [FDA authorized molecular tests](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/medical-devices\/covid-19-emergency-use-authorizations-medical-devices\/in-vitro-diagnostics-euas-molecular-diagnostic-tests-sars-cov-2 \"In Vitro Diagnostics EUAs - Molecular Diagnostic Tests for SARS-CoV-2\")\n- [FDA authorized antigen tests](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/medical-devices\/covid-19-emergency-use-authorizations-medical-devices\/in-vitro-diagnostics-euas-antigen-diagnostic-tests-sars-cov-2 \"In Vitro Diagnostics EUAs - Antigen Diagnostic Tests for SARS-CoV-2\")\n- [At-home antigen test page](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/medical-devices\/coronavirus-covid-19-and-medical-devices\/home-otc-covid-19-diagnostic-tests \"At-Home OTC COVID-19 Diagnostic Tests\")\n- [Safety communication](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/node\/403103)\n- [Understanding at-home OTC antigen test results](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/medical-devices\/coronavirus-covid-19-and-medical-devices\/understanding-home-otc-covid-19-antigen-diagnostic-test-results \"Understanding At-Home OTC COVID-19 Antigen Diagnostic Test Results\")\n## Report Adverse Events\nThe FDA encourages health care professionals and patients to report adverse events or side effects as well as performance issues related to the use of COVID-19 tests or other medical products to the FDA’s MedWatch Safety Information and Adverse Event Reporting Program:\n\n- Complete and submit the [report online](https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/scripts\/medwatch\/index.cfm) through the FDA’s MedWatch website.\n- [Download the form](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/safety\/medical-product-safety-information\/medwatch-forms-fda-safety-reporting) or call 1-800-332-1088 to request a form, then complete and return to the address on the form or submit by fax to 1-800-FDA-0178.\n\n- ## Content current as of:\n  09\/07\/2023\n- ## Regulated Product(s)\n  - Medical Devices\n  - IVDs (In Vitro Diagnostic Devices)\n  ## Topic(s)\n  - CLIA (Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments)\n  - Testing\n  ## Health Topic(s)\n  - Coronavirus\n\nFeedback\n\nConsumer Update Email\n\nSubscribe to receive FDA Consumer Update email notifications.\n\n[Subscribe to Consumer Updates](https:\/\/public.govdelivery.com\/accounts\/USFDA\/signup\/27726)\n\n- [FDA Archive](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/about-fda\/about-website\/fdagov-archive)\n- [About FDA](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/about-fda)\n- [Accessibility](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/about-fda\/about-website\/internet-accessibility)\n\n- [Visitor Information](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/about-fda\/visitor-information)\n- [Website Policies \/ Privacy](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/about-fda\/about-website\/website-policies)\n- [No FEAR Act](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/about-fda\/jobs-and-training-fda\/no-fear-act)\n- [Vulnerability Disclosure Policy](https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/vulnerability-disclosure-policy\/index.html)\n\n- [FOIA](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/regulatory-information\/freedom-information \"Freedom of Information Act\")\n- [HHS.gov](https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/ \"Health and Human Services\")\n- [USA.gov](https:\/\/www.usa.gov\/)\n\n[Contact FDA](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/about-fda\/contact-fda)  [Follow FDA on Facebook](https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/FDA \"Follow FDA on Facebook\")\n\n[Follow FDA on X](https:\/\/x.com\/US_FDA \"Follow FDA on X\")\n\n[Follow FDA on Instagram](https:\/\/instagram.com\/FDA \"Follow FDA on Instagram\")    \n  [Follow FDA on LinkedIn](https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/fda\/ \"Follow FDA on LinkedIn\")   [View FDA videos on YouTube](https:\/\/youtube.com\/@US_FDA \"View FDA videos on YouTube\")   [Subscribe to FDA RSS feeds](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/about-fda\/contact-fda\/subscribe-podcasts-and-news-feeds \"Subscribe to FDA RSS feeds\")\n\n[![Food and Drug Administration Logo](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/themes\/custom\/preview\/assets\/images\/FDA_Logo_Icon_White.svg)](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/ \"FDA Homepage\")\n\nContact Number 1-888-INFO-FDA (1-888-463-6332)\n\n[Back to Top](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/covid-19-test-basics)","attrs_readable_markdown":"Image\n\n![collage with three photos showing woman being tested for the coronavirus with a nasal swab, lab scientist wearing full personal protective gear preparing test sample with pipet, and a 3D illustration of the coronavirus](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/files\/styles\/main_image_medium\/public\/COVID%20testing%20policy%20drupal.jpg?itok=vcWyxRzi)\n\n[Español](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol\/conceptos-basicos-de-las-pruebas-para-el-covid-19 \"Conceptos básicos de las pruebas para el COVID-19\")   [简体中文](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/2019xinguanfeiyanceshijichuzhishi \"2019新冠肺炎测试基础知识\")   [한국어](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/kobideu-19-covid-19-geomsa-gibon-sahang \"코비드-19 (COVID-19) 검사 기본 사항\")   [Tagalog](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/mga-panguhaning-pagsusuri-ng-covid-19 \"Mga Panguhaning Pagsusuri ng COVID-19\")   [Việt](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/co-ban-ve-kiem-tra-covid-19 \"Cơ Bản Về Kiểm Tra COVID-19\")\n\nHave a COVID-19 test you think may be expired? Read more about [expiration date information](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/medical-devices\/coronavirus-covid-19-and-medical-devices\/home-otc-covid-19-diagnostic-tests#list) for FDA-authorized at-home OTC COVID-19 diagnostic tests.\n\nCOVID-19 testing plays a critical role in the fight against the virus. Understanding COVID-19 tests, including the different types of tests and their uses, and the types of samples the tests use, is key to making an informed decision that meets your needs.\n\n## Types of Tests\nThere are different types of COVID-19 tests – **diagnostic tests** and **antibody tests**.\n\n**Diagnostic tests** can show if you currently are infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. There are two common types of COVID-19 diagnostic tests:\n\n- [Molecular tests](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/medical-devices\/covid-19-emergency-use-authorizations-medical-devices\/in-vitro-diagnostics-euas-molecular-diagnostic-tests-sars-cov-2 \"In Vitro Diagnostics EUAs - Molecular Diagnostic Tests for SARS-CoV-2\"), such as [polymerase chain reaction](https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/lab-tests\/pcr-tests\/) (PCR) and other nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) tests, which detect genetic material called RNA from the virus\n- [Antigen tests](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/medical-devices\/covid-19-emergency-use-authorizations-medical-devices\/in-vitro-diagnostics-euas-antigen-diagnostic-tests-sars-cov-2 \"In Vitro Diagnostics EUAs - Antigen Diagnostic Tests for SARS-CoV-2\"), often referred to as rapid tests or, for some, at-home or self tests, which detect proteins called antigens from the virus\n\nSamples for COVID-19 diagnostic tests are typically collected using an [anterior nares](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/covid-19-test-basics#Anterior%20Nares) (nasal) swab sample. Some diagnostic tests use other samples such as [mid-turbinate](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/covid-19-test-basics#Mid-turbinate), [nasopharyngeal](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/covid-19-test-basics#Nasopharyngeal), [oropharyngeal](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/covid-19-test-basics#Oropharyngeal), or [saliva](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/covid-19-test-basics#Saliva%20samples) samples. Depending on the intended use, COVID-19 diagnostic tests can be performed at a laboratory, a standalone testing site, a doctor’s office or health clinic, or at home. For most molecular COVID-19 diagnostic tests, you go to a testing site to have your sample collected and for others you can collect your own sample at home using a home collection kit and mail it to a laboratory for testing. Some tests, including most antigen tests, can be performed completely at home, giving you results within minutes, without needing to send your sample to a laboratory.\n\nIf you think you need a COVID-19 diagnostic test, you can [find a community testing site](https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/coronavirus\/community-based-testing-sites\/index.html) in your state. You can also use an [FDA-authorized at-home COVID-19 diagnostic test](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/medical-devices\/coronavirus-covid-19-and-medical-devices\/home-otc-covid-19-diagnostic-tests \"At-Home OTC COVID-19 Diagnostic Tests\") which gives you the option of self-testing where it is convenient for you. Be sure to check the [At-Home OTC COVID-19 Diagnostic Tests](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/medical-devices\/coronavirus-covid-19-and-medical-devices\/home-otc-covid-19-diagnostic-tests \"At-Home OTC COVID-19 Diagnostic Tests\") website for information on expiration dates, who can use the test, and other details that may help you decide what test is right for you. Be aware that COVID-19 diagnostic tests are [authorized](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/medical-devices\/covid-19-emergency-use-authorizations-medical-devices\/faqs-emergency-use-authorizations-euas-medical-devices-related-covid-19 \"FAQs on Emergency Use Authorizations (EUAs) for Medical Devices Related to COVID-19\") for specific uses and that laboratory-based molecular COVID-19 tests, are generally more accurate than at-home tests.\n\nTo increase the accuracy of an at-home COVID-19 antigen diagnostic test, it is important to perform repeat testing, after 48 hours, following a negative test result, whether you have symptoms or not, to reduce your risk of a false negative test result. For more information about how to reduce your risk of getting a false negative result on an at-home COVID-19 antigen test, read our [FDA Safety Communication](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/node\/403103). For additional information on reading and understanding your test results, see [Understanding At-Home OTC COVID-19 Antigen Diagnostic Test Results](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/medical-devices\/coronavirus-covid-19-and-medical-devices\/understanding-home-otc-covid-19-antigen-diagnostic-test-results \"Understanding At-Home OTC COVID-19 Antigen Diagnostic Test Results\").\n\nFor details about each authorized COVID-19 diagnostic test, see the lists of authorized [Molecular Diagnostic Tests](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/medical-devices\/covid-19-emergency-use-authorizations-medical-devices\/in-vitro-diagnostics-euas-molecular-diagnostic-tests-sars-cov-2 \"In Vitro Diagnostics EUAs - Molecular Diagnostic Tests for SARS-CoV-2\") and [Antigen Diagnostic Tests](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/medical-devices\/covid-19-emergency-use-authorizations-medical-devices\/in-vitro-diagnostics-euas-antigen-diagnostic-tests-sars-cov-2 \"In Vitro Diagnostics EUAs - Antigen Diagnostic Tests for SARS-CoV-2\"), as well as the [At-Home COVID-19 Diagnostic Tests](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/medical-devices\/coronavirus-covid-19-and-medical-devices\/home-otc-covid-19-diagnostic-tests \"At-Home OTC COVID-19 Diagnostic Tests\") webpage. Using the search box in the EUA tables, you can use keywords to search and filter the type of test or collection kit you are looking for. As new tests are authorized for use, they are added to these tables so that anyone can access up-to-date information on all authorized tests and collection kits.\n\n**Antibody (or serology) tests look for antibodies** in your blood that your immune system produced in response to SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. **Antibody tests should not be used to diagnose a current SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19** and, at this time, should also not be used to check for immunity. More research is needed to determine what, if anything, antibody tests can tell us about a person’s immunity.\n\nSamples for antibody tests are typically collected by a doctor or other medical professional by taking blood from a finger stick or your vein. For more information about antibody testing, visit [Antibody (Serology) Testing for COVID-19: Information for Patients and Consumers](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/medical-devices\/coronavirus-covid-19-and-medical-devices\/antibody-serology-testing-covid-19-information-patients-and-consumers \"Antibody (Serology) Testing for COVID-19: Information for Patients and Consumers\").\n\n## Types of Samples\nDifferent tests are authorized to be used with different types of samples. The most common sample types are:\n\n![COVID-19 swab sample locations: Anterior Nares, Mid-turbinate, Nasopharyngeal, and Oropharyngeal](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/files\/COVID-19-Swab-Sample-Locations-CU-03-1600x900.png)\n\n**Swab samples** use a swab (similar to a long Q-Tip) to collect a sample from the nose or throat. The types of samples include:\n\n- [Anterior Nares]() (Nasal) – takes a sample from just inside the nostrils\n- [Mid-turbinate]() – takes a sample from further up inside the nose\n- [Nasopharyngeal]() – takes a sample from deep inside the nose, reaching the back of the throat, and should only be collected by a trained health care provider\n- [Oropharyngeal]() – takes a sample from the middle part of the throat (pharynx) just beyond the mouth, and should only be collected by a trained health care provider\n\n[**Saliva samples**]() are collected by spitting into a tube rather than using a nose or throat swab.\n\n**Blood samples** are only used to test for antibodies and not to diagnose COVID-19. Venous blood samples are typically collected at a doctor’s office or clinic. Some antibody tests use blood samples from a finger stick.\n\n## Read More\nYou can read more about the individual types of tests, safety communications and how to interpret your test results at the links below:\n\n- [FDA authorized molecular tests](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/medical-devices\/covid-19-emergency-use-authorizations-medical-devices\/in-vitro-diagnostics-euas-molecular-diagnostic-tests-sars-cov-2 \"In Vitro Diagnostics EUAs - Molecular Diagnostic Tests for SARS-CoV-2\")\n- [FDA authorized antigen tests](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/medical-devices\/covid-19-emergency-use-authorizations-medical-devices\/in-vitro-diagnostics-euas-antigen-diagnostic-tests-sars-cov-2 \"In Vitro Diagnostics EUAs - Antigen Diagnostic Tests for SARS-CoV-2\")\n- [At-home antigen test page](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/medical-devices\/coronavirus-covid-19-and-medical-devices\/home-otc-covid-19-diagnostic-tests \"At-Home OTC COVID-19 Diagnostic Tests\")\n- [Safety communication](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/node\/403103)\n- [Understanding at-home OTC antigen test results](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/medical-devices\/coronavirus-covid-19-and-medical-devices\/understanding-home-otc-covid-19-antigen-diagnostic-test-results \"Understanding At-Home OTC COVID-19 Antigen Diagnostic Test Results\")\n## Report Adverse Events\nThe FDA encourages health care professionals and patients to report adverse events or side effects as well as performance issues related to the use of COVID-19 tests or other medical products to the FDA’s MedWatch Safety Information and Adverse Event Reporting Program:\n\n- Complete and submit the [report online](https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/scripts\/medwatch\/index.cfm) through the FDA’s MedWatch website.\n- [Download the form](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/safety\/medical-product-safety-information\/medwatch-forms-fda-safety-reporting) or call 1-800-332-1088 to request a form, then complete and return to the address on the form or submit by fax to 1-800-FDA-0178.","meta_canonical":null}

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Boilerpipe Text	Image Español 简体中文 한국어 Tagalog Việt Have a COVID-19 test you think may be expired? Read more about expiration date information for FDA-authorized at-home OTC COVID-19 diagnostic tests. COVID-19 testing plays a critical role in the fight against the virus. Understanding COVID-19 tests, including the different types of tests and their uses, and the types of samples the tests use, is key to making an informed decision that meets your needs. Types of Tests There are different types of COVID-19 tests – diagnostic tests and antibody tests . Diagnostic tests can show if you currently are infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. There are two common types of COVID-19 diagnostic tests: Molecular tests , such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and other nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) tests, which detect genetic material called RNA from the virus Antigen tests , often referred to as rapid tests or, for some, at-home or self tests, which detect proteins called antigens from the virus Samples for COVID-19 diagnostic tests are typically collected using an anterior nares (nasal) swab sample. Some diagnostic tests use other samples such as mid-turbinate , nasopharyngeal , oropharyngeal , or saliva samples. Depending on the intended use, COVID-19 diagnostic tests can be performed at a laboratory, a standalone testing site, a doctor’s office or health clinic, or at home. For most molecular COVID-19 diagnostic tests, you go to a testing site to have your sample collected and for others you can collect your own sample at home using a home collection kit and mail it to a laboratory for testing. Some tests, including most antigen tests, can be performed completely at home, giving you results within minutes, without needing to send your sample to a laboratory. If you think you need a COVID-19 diagnostic test, you can find a community testing site in your state. You can also use an FDA-authorized at-home COVID-19 diagnostic test which gives you the option of self-testing where it is convenient for you. Be sure to check the At-Home OTC COVID-19 Diagnostic Tests website for information on expiration dates, who can use the test, and other details that may help you decide what test is right for you. Be aware that COVID-19 diagnostic tests are authorized for specific uses and that laboratory-based molecular COVID-19 tests, are generally more accurate than at-home tests. To increase the accuracy of an at-home COVID-19 antigen diagnostic test, it is important to perform repeat testing, after 48 hours, following a negative test result, whether you have symptoms or not, to reduce your risk of a false negative test result. For more information about how to reduce your risk of getting a false negative result on an at-home COVID-19 antigen test, read our FDA Safety Communication . For additional information on reading and understanding your test results, see Understanding At-Home OTC COVID-19 Antigen Diagnostic Test Results . For details about each authorized COVID-19 diagnostic test, see the lists of authorized Molecular Diagnostic Tests and Antigen Diagnostic Tests , as well as the At-Home COVID-19 Diagnostic Tests webpage. Using the search box in the EUA tables, you can use keywords to search and filter the type of test or collection kit you are looking for. As new tests are authorized for use, they are added to these tables so that anyone can access up-to-date information on all authorized tests and collection kits. Antibody (or serology) tests look for antibodies in your blood that your immune system produced in response to SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. Antibody tests should not be used to diagnose a current SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 and, at this time, should also not be used to check for immunity. More research is needed to determine what, if anything, antibody tests can tell us about a person’s immunity. Samples for antibody tests are typically collected by a doctor or other medical professional by taking blood from a finger stick or your vein. For more information about antibody testing, visit Antibody (Serology) Testing for COVID-19: Information for Patients and Consumers . Types of Samples Different tests are authorized to be used with different types of samples. The most common sample types are: Swab samples use a swab (similar to a long Q-Tip) to collect a sample from the nose or throat. The types of samples include: Anterior Nares (Nasal) – takes a sample from just inside the nostrils Mid-turbinate – takes a sample from further up inside the nose Nasopharyngeal – takes a sample from deep inside the nose, reaching the back of the throat, and should only be collected by a trained health care provider Oropharyngeal – takes a sample from the middle part of the throat (pharynx) just beyond the mouth, and should only be collected by a trained health care provider Saliva samples are collected by spitting into a tube rather than using a nose or throat swab. Blood samples are only used to test for antibodies and not to diagnose COVID-19. Venous blood samples are typically collected at a doctor’s office or clinic. Some antibody tests use blood samples from a finger stick. Read More You can read more about the individual types of tests, safety communications and how to interpret your test results at the links below: FDA authorized molecular tests FDA authorized antigen tests At-home antigen test page Safety communication Understanding at-home OTC antigen test results Report Adverse Events The FDA encourages health care professionals and patients to report adverse events or side effects as well as performance issues related to the use of COVID-19 tests or other medical products to the FDA’s MedWatch Safety Information and Adverse Event Reporting Program: Complete and submit the report online through the FDA’s MedWatch website. Download the form or call 1-800-332-1088 to request a form, then complete and return to the address on the form or submit by fax to 1-800-FDA-0178.
Markdown	- [Skip to main content](https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/covid-19-test-basics#main-content) - [Skip to FDA Search](https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/covid-19-test-basics#search-form) - [Skip to in this section menu](https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/covid-19-test-basics#section-nav) - [Skip to footer links](https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/covid-19-test-basics#footer) ![U.S. flag](https://www.fda.gov/themes/custom/preview/assets/images/US_Flag.png) An official website of the United States government [Here’s how you know](https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/covid-19-test-basics) ![Dot gov](https://www.fda.gov/themes/custom/preview/assets/images/icon-dot-gov.svg) The .gov means it’s official. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. 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[Consumer Updates](https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates "Consumer Updates") # COVID-19 Test Basics - [Consumer Updates](https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates) - [Animal & Veterinary](https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/animal-veterinary) - [Children's Health](https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/childrens-health) - [Cosmetics](https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/cosmetics) - [Dietary Supplements](https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/dietary-supplements) - [Drugs](https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/drugs) - [Food](https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/food) - [Medical Devices](https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/medical-devices) - [Nutrition](https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/nutrition) - [Radiation-Emitting Products](https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/radiation-emitting-products) - [Tobacco Products](https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/tobacco-products) - [Vaccines, Blood & Biologics](https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/vaccines-blood-biologics) - [Artículos para el consumidor en español](https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol) Image ![collage with three photos showing woman being tested for the coronavirus with a nasal swab, lab scientist wearing full personal protective gear preparing test sample with pipet, and a 3D illustration of the coronavirus](https://www.fda.gov/files/styles/main_image_medium/public/COVID%20testing%20policy%20drupal.jpg?itok=vcWyxRzi) [Español](https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/conceptos-basicos-de-las-pruebas-para-el-covid-19 "Conceptos básicos de las pruebas para el COVID-19") [简体中文](https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/2019xinguanfeiyanceshijichuzhishi "2019新冠肺炎测试基础知识") [한국어](https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/kobideu-19-covid-19-geomsa-gibon-sahang "코비드-19 (COVID-19) 검사 기본 사항") [Tagalog](https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/mga-panguhaning-pagsusuri-ng-covid-19 "Mga Panguhaning Pagsusuri ng COVID-19") [Việt](https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/co-ban-ve-kiem-tra-covid-19 "Cơ Bản Về Kiểm Tra COVID-19") Have a COVID-19 test you think may be expired? Read more about [expiration date information](https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/coronavirus-covid-19-and-medical-devices/home-otc-covid-19-diagnostic-tests#list) for FDA-authorized at-home OTC COVID-19 diagnostic tests. COVID-19 testing plays a critical role in the fight against the virus. Understanding COVID-19 tests, including the different types of tests and their uses, and the types of samples the tests use, is key to making an informed decision that meets your needs. ## Types of Tests There are different types of COVID-19 tests – diagnostic tests and antibody tests. Diagnostic tests can show if you currently are infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. There are two common types of COVID-19 diagnostic tests: - [Molecular tests](https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/covid-19-emergency-use-authorizations-medical-devices/in-vitro-diagnostics-euas-molecular-diagnostic-tests-sars-cov-2 "In Vitro Diagnostics EUAs - Molecular Diagnostic Tests for SARS-CoV-2"), such as [polymerase chain reaction](https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pcr-tests/) (PCR) and other nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) tests, which detect genetic material called RNA from the virus - [Antigen tests](https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/covid-19-emergency-use-authorizations-medical-devices/in-vitro-diagnostics-euas-antigen-diagnostic-tests-sars-cov-2 "In Vitro Diagnostics EUAs - Antigen Diagnostic Tests for SARS-CoV-2"), often referred to as rapid tests or, for some, at-home or self tests, which detect proteins called antigens from the virus Samples for COVID-19 diagnostic tests are typically collected using an [anterior nares](https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/covid-19-test-basics#Anterior%20Nares) (nasal) swab sample. Some diagnostic tests use other samples such as [mid-turbinate](https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/covid-19-test-basics#Mid-turbinate), [nasopharyngeal](https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/covid-19-test-basics#Nasopharyngeal), [oropharyngeal](https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/covid-19-test-basics#Oropharyngeal), or [saliva](https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/covid-19-test-basics#Saliva%20samples) samples. Depending on the intended use, COVID-19 diagnostic tests can be performed at a laboratory, a standalone testing site, a doctor’s office or health clinic, or at home. For most molecular COVID-19 diagnostic tests, you go to a testing site to have your sample collected and for others you can collect your own sample at home using a home collection kit and mail it to a laboratory for testing. Some tests, including most antigen tests, can be performed completely at home, giving you results within minutes, without needing to send your sample to a laboratory. If you think you need a COVID-19 diagnostic test, you can [find a community testing site](https://www.hhs.gov/coronavirus/community-based-testing-sites/index.html) in your state. You can also use an [FDA-authorized at-home COVID-19 diagnostic test](https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/coronavirus-covid-19-and-medical-devices/home-otc-covid-19-diagnostic-tests "At-Home OTC COVID-19 Diagnostic Tests") which gives you the option of self-testing where it is convenient for you. Be sure to check the [At-Home OTC COVID-19 Diagnostic Tests](https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/coronavirus-covid-19-and-medical-devices/home-otc-covid-19-diagnostic-tests "At-Home OTC COVID-19 Diagnostic Tests") website for information on expiration dates, who can use the test, and other details that may help you decide what test is right for you. Be aware that COVID-19 diagnostic tests are [authorized](https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/covid-19-emergency-use-authorizations-medical-devices/faqs-emergency-use-authorizations-euas-medical-devices-related-covid-19 "FAQs on Emergency Use Authorizations (EUAs) for Medical Devices Related to COVID-19") for specific uses and that laboratory-based molecular COVID-19 tests, are generally more accurate than at-home tests. To increase the accuracy of an at-home COVID-19 antigen diagnostic test, it is important to perform repeat testing, after 48 hours, following a negative test result, whether you have symptoms or not, to reduce your risk of a false negative test result. For more information about how to reduce your risk of getting a false negative result on an at-home COVID-19 antigen test, read our [FDA Safety Communication](https://www.fda.gov/node/403103). For additional information on reading and understanding your test results, see [Understanding At-Home OTC COVID-19 Antigen Diagnostic Test Results](https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/coronavirus-covid-19-and-medical-devices/understanding-home-otc-covid-19-antigen-diagnostic-test-results "Understanding At-Home OTC COVID-19 Antigen Diagnostic Test Results"). For details about each authorized COVID-19 diagnostic test, see the lists of authorized [Molecular Diagnostic Tests](https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/covid-19-emergency-use-authorizations-medical-devices/in-vitro-diagnostics-euas-molecular-diagnostic-tests-sars-cov-2 "In Vitro Diagnostics EUAs - Molecular Diagnostic Tests for SARS-CoV-2") and [Antigen Diagnostic Tests](https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/covid-19-emergency-use-authorizations-medical-devices/in-vitro-diagnostics-euas-antigen-diagnostic-tests-sars-cov-2 "In Vitro Diagnostics EUAs - Antigen Diagnostic Tests for SARS-CoV-2"), as well as the [At-Home COVID-19 Diagnostic Tests](https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/coronavirus-covid-19-and-medical-devices/home-otc-covid-19-diagnostic-tests "At-Home OTC COVID-19 Diagnostic Tests") webpage. Using the search box in the EUA tables, you can use keywords to search and filter the type of test or collection kit you are looking for. As new tests are authorized for use, they are added to these tables so that anyone can access up-to-date information on all authorized tests and collection kits. Antibody (or serology) tests look for antibodies in your blood that your immune system produced in response to SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. Antibody tests should not be used to diagnose a current SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 and, at this time, should also not be used to check for immunity. More research is needed to determine what, if anything, antibody tests can tell us about a person’s immunity. Samples for antibody tests are typically collected by a doctor or other medical professional by taking blood from a finger stick or your vein. For more information about antibody testing, visit [Antibody (Serology) Testing for COVID-19: Information for Patients and Consumers](https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/coronavirus-covid-19-and-medical-devices/antibody-serology-testing-covid-19-information-patients-and-consumers "Antibody (Serology) Testing for COVID-19: Information for Patients and Consumers"). ## Types of Samples Different tests are authorized to be used with different types of samples. The most common sample types are: ![COVID-19 swab sample locations: Anterior Nares, Mid-turbinate, Nasopharyngeal, and Oropharyngeal](https://www.fda.gov/files/COVID-19-Swab-Sample-Locations-CU-03-1600x900.png) Swab samples use a swab (similar to a long Q-Tip) to collect a sample from the nose or throat. The types of samples include: - [Anterior Nares]() (Nasal) – takes a sample from just inside the nostrils - [Mid-turbinate]() – takes a sample from further up inside the nose - [Nasopharyngeal]() – takes a sample from deep inside the nose, reaching the back of the throat, and should only be collected by a trained health care provider - [Oropharyngeal]() – takes a sample from the middle part of the throat (pharynx) just beyond the mouth, and should only be collected by a trained health care provider [Saliva samples]() are collected by spitting into a tube rather than using a nose or throat swab. Blood samples are only used to test for antibodies and not to diagnose COVID-19. Venous blood samples are typically collected at a doctor’s office or clinic. Some antibody tests use blood samples from a finger stick. ## Read More You can read more about the individual types of tests, safety communications and how to interpret your test results at the links below: - [FDA authorized molecular tests](https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/covid-19-emergency-use-authorizations-medical-devices/in-vitro-diagnostics-euas-molecular-diagnostic-tests-sars-cov-2 "In Vitro Diagnostics EUAs - Molecular Diagnostic Tests for SARS-CoV-2") - [FDA authorized antigen tests](https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/covid-19-emergency-use-authorizations-medical-devices/in-vitro-diagnostics-euas-antigen-diagnostic-tests-sars-cov-2 "In Vitro Diagnostics EUAs - Antigen Diagnostic Tests for SARS-CoV-2") - [At-home antigen test page](https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/coronavirus-covid-19-and-medical-devices/home-otc-covid-19-diagnostic-tests "At-Home OTC COVID-19 Diagnostic Tests") - [Safety communication](https://www.fda.gov/node/403103) - [Understanding at-home OTC antigen test results](https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/coronavirus-covid-19-and-medical-devices/understanding-home-otc-covid-19-antigen-diagnostic-test-results "Understanding At-Home OTC COVID-19 Antigen Diagnostic Test Results") ## Report Adverse Events The FDA encourages health care professionals and patients to report adverse events or side effects as well as performance issues related to the use of COVID-19 tests or other medical products to the FDA’s MedWatch Safety Information and Adverse Event Reporting Program: - Complete and submit the [report online](https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/medwatch/index.cfm) through the FDA’s MedWatch website. - [Download the form](https://www.fda.gov/safety/medical-product-safety-information/medwatch-forms-fda-safety-reporting) or call 1-800-332-1088 to request a form, then complete and return to the address on the form or submit by fax to 1-800-FDA-0178. - ## Content current as of: 09/07/2023 - ## Regulated Product(s) - Medical Devices - IVDs (In Vitro Diagnostic Devices) ## Topic(s) - CLIA (Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments) - Testing ## Health Topic(s) - Coronavirus Feedback Consumer Update Email Subscribe to receive FDA Consumer Update email notifications. 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Readable Markdown	Image ![collage with three photos showing woman being tested for the coronavirus with a nasal swab, lab scientist wearing full personal protective gear preparing test sample with pipet, and a 3D illustration of the coronavirus](https://www.fda.gov/files/styles/main_image_medium/public/COVID%20testing%20policy%20drupal.jpg?itok=vcWyxRzi) [Español](https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/conceptos-basicos-de-las-pruebas-para-el-covid-19 "Conceptos básicos de las pruebas para el COVID-19") [简体中文](https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/2019xinguanfeiyanceshijichuzhishi "2019新冠肺炎测试基础知识") [한국어](https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/kobideu-19-covid-19-geomsa-gibon-sahang "코비드-19 (COVID-19) 검사 기본 사항") [Tagalog](https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/mga-panguhaning-pagsusuri-ng-covid-19 "Mga Panguhaning Pagsusuri ng COVID-19") [Việt](https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/co-ban-ve-kiem-tra-covid-19 "Cơ Bản Về Kiểm Tra COVID-19") Have a COVID-19 test you think may be expired? Read more about [expiration date information](https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/coronavirus-covid-19-and-medical-devices/home-otc-covid-19-diagnostic-tests#list) for FDA-authorized at-home OTC COVID-19 diagnostic tests. COVID-19 testing plays a critical role in the fight against the virus. Understanding COVID-19 tests, including the different types of tests and their uses, and the types of samples the tests use, is key to making an informed decision that meets your needs. ## Types of Tests There are different types of COVID-19 tests – diagnostic tests and antibody tests. Diagnostic tests can show if you currently are infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. There are two common types of COVID-19 diagnostic tests: - [Molecular tests](https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/covid-19-emergency-use-authorizations-medical-devices/in-vitro-diagnostics-euas-molecular-diagnostic-tests-sars-cov-2 "In Vitro Diagnostics EUAs - Molecular Diagnostic Tests for SARS-CoV-2"), such as [polymerase chain reaction](https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pcr-tests/) (PCR) and other nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) tests, which detect genetic material called RNA from the virus - [Antigen tests](https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/covid-19-emergency-use-authorizations-medical-devices/in-vitro-diagnostics-euas-antigen-diagnostic-tests-sars-cov-2 "In Vitro Diagnostics EUAs - Antigen Diagnostic Tests for SARS-CoV-2"), often referred to as rapid tests or, for some, at-home or self tests, which detect proteins called antigens from the virus Samples for COVID-19 diagnostic tests are typically collected using an [anterior nares](https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/covid-19-test-basics#Anterior%20Nares) (nasal) swab sample. Some diagnostic tests use other samples such as [mid-turbinate](https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/covid-19-test-basics#Mid-turbinate), [nasopharyngeal](https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/covid-19-test-basics#Nasopharyngeal), [oropharyngeal](https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/covid-19-test-basics#Oropharyngeal), or [saliva](https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/covid-19-test-basics#Saliva%20samples) samples. Depending on the intended use, COVID-19 diagnostic tests can be performed at a laboratory, a standalone testing site, a doctor’s office or health clinic, or at home. For most molecular COVID-19 diagnostic tests, you go to a testing site to have your sample collected and for others you can collect your own sample at home using a home collection kit and mail it to a laboratory for testing. Some tests, including most antigen tests, can be performed completely at home, giving you results within minutes, without needing to send your sample to a laboratory. If you think you need a COVID-19 diagnostic test, you can [find a community testing site](https://www.hhs.gov/coronavirus/community-based-testing-sites/index.html) in your state. You can also use an [FDA-authorized at-home COVID-19 diagnostic test](https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/coronavirus-covid-19-and-medical-devices/home-otc-covid-19-diagnostic-tests "At-Home OTC COVID-19 Diagnostic Tests") which gives you the option of self-testing where it is convenient for you. Be sure to check the [At-Home OTC COVID-19 Diagnostic Tests](https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/coronavirus-covid-19-and-medical-devices/home-otc-covid-19-diagnostic-tests "At-Home OTC COVID-19 Diagnostic Tests") website for information on expiration dates, who can use the test, and other details that may help you decide what test is right for you. Be aware that COVID-19 diagnostic tests are [authorized](https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/covid-19-emergency-use-authorizations-medical-devices/faqs-emergency-use-authorizations-euas-medical-devices-related-covid-19 "FAQs on Emergency Use Authorizations (EUAs) for Medical Devices Related to COVID-19") for specific uses and that laboratory-based molecular COVID-19 tests, are generally more accurate than at-home tests. To increase the accuracy of an at-home COVID-19 antigen diagnostic test, it is important to perform repeat testing, after 48 hours, following a negative test result, whether you have symptoms or not, to reduce your risk of a false negative test result. For more information about how to reduce your risk of getting a false negative result on an at-home COVID-19 antigen test, read our [FDA Safety Communication](https://www.fda.gov/node/403103). For additional information on reading and understanding your test results, see [Understanding At-Home OTC COVID-19 Antigen Diagnostic Test Results](https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/coronavirus-covid-19-and-medical-devices/understanding-home-otc-covid-19-antigen-diagnostic-test-results "Understanding At-Home OTC COVID-19 Antigen Diagnostic Test Results"). For details about each authorized COVID-19 diagnostic test, see the lists of authorized [Molecular Diagnostic Tests](https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/covid-19-emergency-use-authorizations-medical-devices/in-vitro-diagnostics-euas-molecular-diagnostic-tests-sars-cov-2 "In Vitro Diagnostics EUAs - Molecular Diagnostic Tests for SARS-CoV-2") and [Antigen Diagnostic Tests](https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/covid-19-emergency-use-authorizations-medical-devices/in-vitro-diagnostics-euas-antigen-diagnostic-tests-sars-cov-2 "In Vitro Diagnostics EUAs - Antigen Diagnostic Tests for SARS-CoV-2"), as well as the [At-Home COVID-19 Diagnostic Tests](https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/coronavirus-covid-19-and-medical-devices/home-otc-covid-19-diagnostic-tests "At-Home OTC COVID-19 Diagnostic Tests") webpage. Using the search box in the EUA tables, you can use keywords to search and filter the type of test or collection kit you are looking for. As new tests are authorized for use, they are added to these tables so that anyone can access up-to-date information on all authorized tests and collection kits. Antibody (or serology) tests look for antibodies in your blood that your immune system produced in response to SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. Antibody tests should not be used to diagnose a current SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 and, at this time, should also not be used to check for immunity. More research is needed to determine what, if anything, antibody tests can tell us about a person’s immunity. Samples for antibody tests are typically collected by a doctor or other medical professional by taking blood from a finger stick or your vein. For more information about antibody testing, visit [Antibody (Serology) Testing for COVID-19: Information for Patients and Consumers](https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/coronavirus-covid-19-and-medical-devices/antibody-serology-testing-covid-19-information-patients-and-consumers "Antibody (Serology) Testing for COVID-19: Information for Patients and Consumers"). ## Types of Samples Different tests are authorized to be used with different types of samples. The most common sample types are: ![COVID-19 swab sample locations: Anterior Nares, Mid-turbinate, Nasopharyngeal, and Oropharyngeal](https://www.fda.gov/files/COVID-19-Swab-Sample-Locations-CU-03-1600x900.png) Swab samples use a swab (similar to a long Q-Tip) to collect a sample from the nose or throat. The types of samples include: - [Anterior Nares]() (Nasal) – takes a sample from just inside the nostrils - [Mid-turbinate]() – takes a sample from further up inside the nose - [Nasopharyngeal]() – takes a sample from deep inside the nose, reaching the back of the throat, and should only be collected by a trained health care provider - [Oropharyngeal]() – takes a sample from the middle part of the throat (pharynx) just beyond the mouth, and should only be collected by a trained health care provider [Saliva samples]() are collected by spitting into a tube rather than using a nose or throat swab. Blood samples are only used to test for antibodies and not to diagnose COVID-19. Venous blood samples are typically collected at a doctor’s office or clinic. Some antibody tests use blood samples from a finger stick. ## Read More You can read more about the individual types of tests, safety communications and how to interpret your test results at the links below: - [FDA authorized molecular tests](https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/covid-19-emergency-use-authorizations-medical-devices/in-vitro-diagnostics-euas-molecular-diagnostic-tests-sars-cov-2 "In Vitro Diagnostics EUAs - Molecular Diagnostic Tests for SARS-CoV-2") - [FDA authorized antigen tests](https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/covid-19-emergency-use-authorizations-medical-devices/in-vitro-diagnostics-euas-antigen-diagnostic-tests-sars-cov-2 "In Vitro Diagnostics EUAs - Antigen Diagnostic Tests for SARS-CoV-2") - [At-home antigen test page](https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/coronavirus-covid-19-and-medical-devices/home-otc-covid-19-diagnostic-tests "At-Home OTC COVID-19 Diagnostic Tests") - [Safety communication](https://www.fda.gov/node/403103) - [Understanding at-home OTC antigen test results](https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/coronavirus-covid-19-and-medical-devices/understanding-home-otc-covid-19-antigen-diagnostic-test-results "Understanding At-Home OTC COVID-19 Antigen Diagnostic Test Results") ## Report Adverse Events The FDA encourages health care professionals and patients to report adverse events or side effects as well as performance issues related to the use of COVID-19 tests or other medical products to the FDA’s MedWatch Safety Information and Adverse Event Reporting Program: - Complete and submit the [report online](https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/medwatch/index.cfm) through the FDA’s MedWatch website. - [Download the form](https://www.fda.gov/safety/medical-product-safety-information/medwatch-forms-fda-safety-reporting) or call 1-800-332-1088 to request a form, then complete and return to the address on the form or submit by fax to 1-800-FDA-0178.
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