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| Boilerpipe Text | Hydrostatic pressure in a liquid can be calculated as
p = ρ g h (1)
where
p = pressure in liquid (N/m
2
, Pa, lb
f
/ft
2
, psf)
ρ =
density of liquid
(kg/m
3
,
slugs
/ft
3
)
g =
acceleration of gravity
(9.81 m/s
2
, 32.17405 ft/s
2
)
h = height of fluid column - or depth in the fluid where pressure is measured (m, ft)
Hydrostatic pressure in a water column - or depth (
density
of water 1000 kg/m
3
):
Hydrostatic Pressure vs. Water Depth
Height of Water Column
Pressure
(m)
(ft)
(kPa)
(bar)
(atm)
(psi)
1
3.28
9.81
0.098
0.097
1.42
2
6.56
19.6
0.196
0.194
2.85
3
9.84
29.4
0.294
0.290
4.27
4
13.1
39.2
0.392
0.387
5.69
5
16.4
49.1
0.491
0.484
7.11
6
19.7
58.9
0.589
0.581
8.54
7
23.0
68.7
0.687
0.678
10.0
8
26.2
78.5
0.785
0.775
11.4
9
29.5
88.3
0.883
0.871
12.8
10
32.8
98.1
0.981
0.968
14.2
12
39.4
118
1.18
1.16
17.1
14
45.9
137
1.37
1.36
19.9
16
52.5
157
1.57
1.55
22.8
18
59.0
177
1.77
1.74
25.6
20
65.6
196
1.96
1.94
28.5
25
82.0
245
2.45
2.42
35.6
30
98.4
294
2.94
2.90
42.7
35
115
343
3.43
3.39
49.8
40
131
392
3.92
3.87
56.9
50
164
491
4.91
4.84
71.1
60
197
589
5.89
5.81
85.4
70
230
687
6.87
6.78
100
80
262
785
7.85
7.75
114
90
295
883
8.83
8.71
128
100
328
981
9.81
9.68
142
Example - Pressure acting in water at depth
1 m
The
density of water
at
4
o
C
is
1000 kg/m
3
. The pressure acting in water at
1 m
can be calculated as
p = ρ g h
= ( 1000 kg/m
3
) ( 9.81 m/s
2
) (1 m)
=
9810
Pa
Example - Pressure acting in water at depth
3 ft
The
density of water
at
32
o
F
is
1.940 slugs/ft
3
. The pressure acting in water at
3 ft
can be calculated as
p = ρ g h
= ( 1.940 slugs/ft
3
) ( 32.17405 ft/s
2
) (3 ft)
=
187.3
lb
f
/ft
2
(psf)
=
1.3
lb
f
/in
2
(psi)
pressure converter
Ocean Pressure - Depth and Latitude
Ocean pressure varies with depth and position (latitude) on earth.
Ocean Pressure vs. Depth and Latitude
Depth
(m)
Ocean Pressure
(MPa)
Latitude
(degrees)
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1000
10.080
10.083
10.093
10.106
10.120
10.130
10.133
2000
20.208
20.215
20.234
20.261
20.288
20.308
20.315
3000
30.383
30.394
30.424
30.464
30.505
30.535
30.545
4000
40.606
40.620
40.660
40.714
40.768
40.808
40.823
5000
50.874
50.892
50.942
51.010
51.079
51.129
51.147
6000
61.188
61.210
61.270
61.352
61.434
61.495
61.517
7000
71.547
71.572
71.643
71.739
71.835
71.906
71.932
8000
81.949
81.979
82.059
82.170
82.280
82.361
82.391
9000
92.395
92.428
92.519
92.644
92.769
92.861
92.894
10000
102.880
102.917
103.019
103.157
103.296
103.398
103.436
1 Pa = 10
-6
MPa = 10
-3
kPa = 10
-6
N/mm
2
= 10
-5
bar = 0.1020 kp/m
2
= 1.020×10
-4
m H
2
O at 4°C/39°F = 9.869×10
-6
atm = 0.004 in H
2
O= 1.450×10
-4
psi (lbf/in
2
) = 0.02089 lbf/ft
2
(psf)
Related Documents
Buoyancy
Buoyancy is the resultant force acting on a submerged body.
Pressure
Introduction to pressure - online pressure units converter.
Velocity-Area Flowmetering
Flow rate or discharge in an open conduit, channel or river can be calculated with the velocity-area principle. |
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[Engineering ToolBox](https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/) - Resources, Tools and Basic Information for Engineering and Design of Technical Applications\!
# [Hydrostatic Pressure vs. Depth](https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/hydrostatic-pressure-water-d_1632.html)
## Depth and hydrostatic pressure.
Hydrostatic pressure in a liquid can be calculated as
*p = ρ g h (1)*
*where*
*p = pressure in liquid (N/m2, Pa, lbf/ft2, psf)*
*ρ = [density of liquid](https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/liquids-densities-d_743.html "density liquid") (kg/m3, [slugs](https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/mass-weight-d_589.html "slugs") /ft3)*
*g = [acceleration of gravity](https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/accelaration-gravity-d_340.html "acceleration gravity") (9.81 m/s2, 32.17405 ft/s2)*
*h = height of fluid column - or depth in the fluid where pressure is measured (m, ft)*
Hydrostatic pressure in a water column - or depth ( *[density](https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/water-density-specific-weight-d_595.html "water density") of water 1000 kg/m3*):
| Height of Water Column | Pressure | | | | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (m) | (ft) | (kPa) | (bar) | (atm) | (psi) |
| 1 | 3\.28 | 9\.81 | 0\.098 | 0\.097 | 1\.42 |
| 2 | 6\.56 | 19\.6 | 0\.196 | 0\.194 | 2\.85 |
| 3 | 9\.84 | 29\.4 | 0\.294 | 0\.290 | 4\.27 |
| 4 | 13\.1 | 39\.2 | 0\.392 | 0\.387 | 5\.69 |
| 5 | 16\.4 | 49\.1 | 0\.491 | 0\.484 | 7\.11 |
| 6 | 19\.7 | 58\.9 | 0\.589 | 0\.581 | 8\.54 |
| 7 | 23\.0 | 68\.7 | 0\.687 | 0\.678 | 10\.0 |
| 8 | 26\.2 | 78\.5 | 0\.785 | 0\.775 | 11\.4 |
| 9 | 29\.5 | 88\.3 | 0\.883 | 0\.871 | 12\.8 |
| 10 | 32\.8 | 98\.1 | 0\.981 | 0\.968 | 14\.2 |
| 12 | 39\.4 | 118 | 1\.18 | 1\.16 | 17\.1 |
| 14 | 45\.9 | 137 | 1\.37 | 1\.36 | 19\.9 |
| 16 | 52\.5 | 157 | 1\.57 | 1\.55 | 22\.8 |
| 18 | 59\.0 | 177 | 1\.77 | 1\.74 | 25\.6 |
| 20 | 65\.6 | 196 | 1\.96 | 1\.94 | 28\.5 |
| 25 | 82\.0 | 245 | 2\.45 | 2\.42 | 35\.6 |
| 30 | 98\.4 | 294 | 2\.94 | 2\.90 | 42\.7 |
| 35 | 115 | 343 | 3\.43 | 3\.39 | 49\.8 |
| 40 | 131 | 392 | 3\.92 | 3\.87 | 56\.9 |
| 50 | 164 | 491 | 4\.91 | 4\.84 | 71\.1 |
| 60 | 197 | 589 | 5\.89 | 5\.81 | 85\.4 |
| 70 | 230 | 687 | 6\.87 | 6\.78 | 100 |
| 80 | 262 | 785 | 7\.85 | 7\.75 | 114 |
| 90 | 295 | 883 | 8\.83 | 8\.71 | 128 |
| 100 | 328 | 981 | 9\.81 | 9\.68 | 142 |
### Example - Pressure acting in water at depth *1 m*
The [density of water](https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/water-density-specific-weight-d_595.html "density water") at *4 oC* is *1000 kg/m3*. The pressure acting in water at *1 m* can be calculated as
*p = ρ g h*
*\= ( 1000 kg/m3) ( 9.81 m/s2) (1 m)*
*\= 9810 Pa*
### Example - Pressure acting in water at depth *3 ft*
The [density of water](https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/water-density-specific-weight-d_595.html "density water") at *32 oF* is *1\.940 slugs/ft3*. The pressure acting in water at *3 ft* can be calculated as
*p = ρ g h*
*\= ( 1.940 slugs/ft3) ( 32.17405 ft/s2) (3 ft)*
*\= 187.3 lbf/ft2(psf)*
*\=* *1\.3 lbf/in2(psi)*
- [pressure converter](https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/pressure-units-converter-d_569.html "pressure converter")
### Ocean Pressure - Depth and Latitude
Ocean pressure varies with depth and position (latitude) on earth.
| Depth *(m)* | Ocean Pressure *(MPa)* | | | | | | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Latitude *(degrees)* | | | | | | | |
| 0 | 15 | 30 | 45 | 60 | 75 | 90 | |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1000 | 10\.080 | 10\.083 | 10\.093 | 10\.106 | 10\.120 | 10\.130 | 10\.133 |
| 2000 | 20\.208 | 20\.215 | 20\.234 | 20\.261 | 20\.288 | 20\.308 | 20\.315 |
| 3000 | 30\.383 | 30\.394 | 30\.424 | 30\.464 | 30\.505 | 30\.535 | 30\.545 |
| 4000 | 40\.606 | 40\.620 | 40\.660 | 40\.714 | 40\.768 | 40\.808 | 40\.823 |
| 5000 | 50\.874 | 50\.892 | 50\.942 | 51\.010 | 51\.079 | 51\.129 | 51\.147 |
| 6000 | 61\.188 | 61\.210 | 61\.270 | 61\.352 | 61\.434 | 61\.495 | 61\.517 |
| 7000 | 71\.547 | 71\.572 | 71\.643 | 71\.739 | 71\.835 | 71\.906 | 71\.932 |
| 8000 | 81\.949 | 81\.979 | 82\.059 | 82\.170 | 82\.280 | 82\.361 | 82\.391 |
| 9000 | 92\.395 | 92\.428 | 92\.519 | 92\.644 | 92\.769 | 92\.861 | 92\.894 |
| 10000 | 102\.880 | 102\.917 | 103\.019 | 103\.157 | 103\.296 | 103\.398 | 103\.436 |
- *1 Pa = 10\-6 MPa = 10\-3 kPa = 10\-6 N/mm2 = 10\-5 bar = 0.1020 kp/m2 = 1.020×10\-4 m H2O at 4°C/39°F = 9.869×10\-6 atm = 0.004 in H2O= 1.450×10\-4 psi (lbf/in2) = 0.02089 lbf/ft2(psf)*
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>
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Hydrostatic pressure in a liquid can be calculated as
*p = ρ g h (1)*
*where*
*p = pressure in liquid (N/m2, Pa, lbf/ft2, psf)*
*ρ = [density of liquid](https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/liquids-densities-d_743.html "density liquid") (kg/m3, [slugs](https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/mass-weight-d_589.html "slugs") /ft3)*
*g = [acceleration of gravity](https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/accelaration-gravity-d_340.html "acceleration gravity") (9.81 m/s2, 32.17405 ft/s2)*
*h = height of fluid column - or depth in the fluid where pressure is measured (m, ft)*
Hydrostatic pressure in a water column - or depth ( *[density](https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/water-density-specific-weight-d_595.html "water density") of water 1000 kg/m3*):
| Height of Water Column | Pressure | | | | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (m) | (ft) | (kPa) | (bar) | (atm) | (psi) |
| 1 | 3\.28 | 9\.81 | 0\.098 | 0\.097 | 1\.42 |
| 2 | 6\.56 | 19\.6 | 0\.196 | 0\.194 | 2\.85 |
| 3 | 9\.84 | 29\.4 | 0\.294 | 0\.290 | 4\.27 |
| 4 | 13\.1 | 39\.2 | 0\.392 | 0\.387 | 5\.69 |
| 5 | 16\.4 | 49\.1 | 0\.491 | 0\.484 | 7\.11 |
| 6 | 19\.7 | 58\.9 | 0\.589 | 0\.581 | 8\.54 |
| 7 | 23\.0 | 68\.7 | 0\.687 | 0\.678 | 10\.0 |
| 8 | 26\.2 | 78\.5 | 0\.785 | 0\.775 | 11\.4 |
| 9 | 29\.5 | 88\.3 | 0\.883 | 0\.871 | 12\.8 |
| 10 | 32\.8 | 98\.1 | 0\.981 | 0\.968 | 14\.2 |
| 12 | 39\.4 | 118 | 1\.18 | 1\.16 | 17\.1 |
| 14 | 45\.9 | 137 | 1\.37 | 1\.36 | 19\.9 |
| 16 | 52\.5 | 157 | 1\.57 | 1\.55 | 22\.8 |
| 18 | 59\.0 | 177 | 1\.77 | 1\.74 | 25\.6 |
| 20 | 65\.6 | 196 | 1\.96 | 1\.94 | 28\.5 |
| 25 | 82\.0 | 245 | 2\.45 | 2\.42 | 35\.6 |
| 30 | 98\.4 | 294 | 2\.94 | 2\.90 | 42\.7 |
| 35 | 115 | 343 | 3\.43 | 3\.39 | 49\.8 |
| 40 | 131 | 392 | 3\.92 | 3\.87 | 56\.9 |
| 50 | 164 | 491 | 4\.91 | 4\.84 | 71\.1 |
| 60 | 197 | 589 | 5\.89 | 5\.81 | 85\.4 |
| 70 | 230 | 687 | 6\.87 | 6\.78 | 100 |
| 80 | 262 | 785 | 7\.85 | 7\.75 | 114 |
| 90 | 295 | 883 | 8\.83 | 8\.71 | 128 |
| 100 | 328 | 981 | 9\.81 | 9\.68 | 142 |
### Example - Pressure acting in water at depth *1 m*
The [density of water](https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/water-density-specific-weight-d_595.html "density water") at *4 oC* is *1000 kg/m3*. The pressure acting in water at *1 m* can be calculated as
*p = ρ g h*
*\= ( 1000 kg/m3) ( 9.81 m/s2) (1 m)*
*\= 9810 Pa*
### Example - Pressure acting in water at depth *3 ft*
The [density of water](https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/water-density-specific-weight-d_595.html "density water") at *32 oF* is *1\.940 slugs/ft3*. The pressure acting in water at *3 ft* can be calculated as
*p = ρ g h*
*\= ( 1.940 slugs/ft3) ( 32.17405 ft/s2) (3 ft)*
*\= 187.3 lbf/ft2(psf)*
*\=* *1\.3 lbf/in2(psi)*
- [pressure converter](https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/pressure-units-converter-d_569.html "pressure converter")
### Ocean Pressure - Depth and Latitude
Ocean pressure varies with depth and position (latitude) on earth.
| Depth *(m)* | Ocean Pressure *(MPa)* | | | | | | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Latitude *(degrees)* | | | | | | | |
| 0 | 15 | 30 | 45 | 60 | 75 | 90 | |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1000 | 10\.080 | 10\.083 | 10\.093 | 10\.106 | 10\.120 | 10\.130 | 10\.133 |
| 2000 | 20\.208 | 20\.215 | 20\.234 | 20\.261 | 20\.288 | 20\.308 | 20\.315 |
| 3000 | 30\.383 | 30\.394 | 30\.424 | 30\.464 | 30\.505 | 30\.535 | 30\.545 |
| 4000 | 40\.606 | 40\.620 | 40\.660 | 40\.714 | 40\.768 | 40\.808 | 40\.823 |
| 5000 | 50\.874 | 50\.892 | 50\.942 | 51\.010 | 51\.079 | 51\.129 | 51\.147 |
| 6000 | 61\.188 | 61\.210 | 61\.270 | 61\.352 | 61\.434 | 61\.495 | 61\.517 |
| 7000 | 71\.547 | 71\.572 | 71\.643 | 71\.739 | 71\.835 | 71\.906 | 71\.932 |
| 8000 | 81\.949 | 81\.979 | 82\.059 | 82\.170 | 82\.280 | 82\.361 | 82\.391 |
| 9000 | 92\.395 | 92\.428 | 92\.519 | 92\.644 | 92\.769 | 92\.861 | 92\.894 |
| 10000 | 102\.880 | 102\.917 | 103\.019 | 103\.157 | 103\.296 | 103\.398 | 103\.436 |
- *1 Pa = 10\-6 MPa = 10\-3 kPa = 10\-6 N/mm2 = 10\-5 bar = 0.1020 kp/m2 = 1.020×10\-4 m H2O at 4°C/39°F = 9.869×10\-6 atm = 0.004 in H2O= 1.450×10\-4 psi (lbf/in2) = 0.02089 lbf/ft2(psf)*
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