🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 136 (from laksa007)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa136.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/referencing","crawl_time":1775413569,"first_indexed_time":1685521700,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"au,edu,deakin!www,\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/referencing s443","src_root_hash":"7145956849086499536","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Deakin guide to referencing | Students","meta_descriptions":["This guide will help you reference sources clearly and confidently, so your academic work is accurate and plagiarism-free."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Skip main navigation\nSearch Deakin for\nSkip sub navigation\nDeakin Home\nLibrary\nDeakinSync\nStudent news\nStudentConnect\nHelp and contact us\nChoose your referencing guide\nAPA7\nAPA 7 is an author-date style of referencing.\nVancouver\nVancouver is a numbered citation style of referencing.\nAGLC\nAGLC is a footnote style used for referencing legal materials.\nOxford\nOxford style uses consecutively numbered markers in text, directing readers to footnotes.\nChicago\nChicago-style source citations come in two varieties: notes and bibliography, and author-date.\nIEEE\nThe IEEE referencing style is created and managed by the the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.\nNumbered citation\nA numbered, or numeric, citation style uses superscripted numbers or numbers in brackets for in-text citations.\nHarvard\nRetired February 2026.","attrs_markdown":"![Facebook](https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/tr?id=912177753833094&ev=PageView&noscript=1)\n\n[Skip main navigation](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/referencing#banner-start)\n\nMenu\n\n[Deakin University Australia ![Deakin University Australia](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/__data\/assets\/image\/0026\/17936\/logo_deakin-rebrand-stacked.png)](https:\/\/deakin.edu.au\/) [Students](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students)\n\n- [New students](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/new-students)\n  [New students](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/new-students)\n  \n  - [Back](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/referencing#!)[New students](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/new-students)\n  - [New domestic students](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/new-students\/new-domestic-students)\n    - [Back](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/referencing#!)[New domestic students](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/new-students\/new-domestic-students)\n    - [Accept and enrol](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/new-students\/new-domestic-students\/accept-and-enrol)\n    - [Digital setup](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/new-students\/new-domestic-students\/digital-setup)\n    - [Get ready for uni](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/new-students\/new-domestic-students\/get-ready-for-uni)\n    - [Life at Deakin](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/new-students\/new-domestic-students\/life-at-deakin)\n    - [Orientation](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/new-students\/new-domestic-students\/orientation)\n    - [Your first study period](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/new-students\/new-domestic-students\/first-study-period)\n  - [New international students](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/new-students\/new-international-students)\n    - [Back](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/referencing#!)[New international students](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/new-students\/new-international-students)\n    - [Preparing for your arrival](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/new-students\/new-international-students\/preparing-for-your-arrival)\n    - [Life in Australia](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/new-students\/new-international-students\/life-in-australia)\n    - [Packing, travelling and arriving](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/new-students\/new-international-students\/packing-travelling-arriving)\n    - [Preparing for study](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/new-students\/new-international-students\/preparing-for-study)\n    - [Orientation for International Students](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/new-students\/new-international-students\/orientation)\n    - [Your first study period](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/new-students\/new-international-students\/your-first-study-period)\n  - [New GIFT City students](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/new-students\/new-gift-city-students)\n    - [Back](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/referencing#!)[New GIFT City students](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/new-students\/new-gift-city-students)\n    - [Accept and enrol](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/new-students\/new-gift-city-students\/accept-and-enrol)\n    - [Digital setup](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/new-students\/new-gift-city-students\/digital-setup)\n    - [Get ready for uni](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/new-students\/new-gift-city-students\/get-ready-for-uni)\n    - [Orientation](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/new-students\/new-gift-city-students\/orientation)\n    - [Week 1](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/new-students\/new-gift-city-students\/week-1)\n    - [Study success](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/new-students\/new-gift-city-students\/study-success)\n- [Enrolment and fees](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/enrolment-and-fees)\n  [Enrolment and fees](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/enrolment-and-fees)\n  \n  - [Back](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/referencing#!)[Enrolment and fees](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/enrolment-and-fees)\n  - [Manage your course](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/enrolment-and-fees\/manage-your-course)\n    - [Back](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/referencing#!)[Manage your course](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/enrolment-and-fees\/manage-your-course)\n    - [How to plan your course](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/enrolment-and-fees\/manage-your-course\/plan-your-course)\n    - [Handbooks](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/enrolment-and-fees\/manage-your-course\/handbooks)\n    - [Course maps](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/enrolment-and-fees\/manage-your-course\/course-maps)\n    - [Change your enrolment](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/enrolment-and-fees\/enrol\/enrolment-details)\n    - [Course articulation](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/enrolment-and-fees\/manage-your-course\/course-articulation)\n    - [Course transfer](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/enrolment-and-fees\/manage-your-course\/course-transfer)\n    - [Cross-institutional study](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/enrolment-and-fees\/manage-your-course\/cross-institutional-study)\n    - [Intermit your course](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/enrolment-and-fees\/manage-your-course\/intermit-your-course)\n    - [Discontinue your course](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/enrolment-and-fees\/manage-your-course\/discontinue)\n    - [Requesting official documents](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/enrolment-and-fees\/manage-your-course\/requesting-official-documents)\n  - [Enrol](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/enrolment-and-fees\/enrol)\n    - [Back](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/referencing#!)[Enrol](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/enrolment-and-fees\/enrol)\n    - [Before you enrol](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/enrolment-and-fees\/enrol\/before-you-enrol)\n    - [How to enrol](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/enrolment-and-fees\/enrol\/how-to-enrol)\n    - [How to re-enrol](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/enrolment-and-fees\/enrol\/how-to-re-enrol)\n    - [Change your enrolment](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/enrolment-and-fees\/enrol\/enrolment-details)\n    - [Deakin Card](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/enrolment-and-fees\/enrol\/deakin-card)\n    - [Unique Student Identifier](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/enrolment-and-fees\/enrol\/usi)\n    - [Rights and responsibilities](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/enrolment-and-fees\/enrol\/rights-and-responsibilities)\n    - [Information privacy](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/enrolment-and-fees\/enrol\/information-privacy)\n  - [Change personal details](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/enrolment-and-fees\/personal-details)\n  - [Fees](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/enrolment-and-fees\/fees)\n    - [Back](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/referencing#!)[Fees](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/enrolment-and-fees\/fees)\n    - [Domestic student fee information](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/enrolment-and-fees\/fees\/domestic-students)\n    - [International student fee information](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/enrolment-and-fees\/fees\/international-students)\n    - [Estimate your course and unit fees](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/enrolment-and-fees\/fees\/estimate-your-course-and-unit-fees)\n    - [Your invoice and how to pay](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/enrolment-and-fees\/fees\/your-invoice-and-how-to-pay)\n    - [Other costs](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/enrolment-and-fees\/fees\/other-costs)\n    - [Insurance](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/enrolment-and-fees\/fees\/insurance)\n    - [Tax File Number (TFN) information](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/enrolment-and-fees\/fees\/tax-file-number)\n    - [Common scams](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/enrolment-and-fees\/fees\/common-scams)\n  - [Important dates](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/enrolment-and-fees\/important-dates)\n    - [Back](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/referencing#!)[Important dates](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/enrolment-and-fees\/important-dates)\n    - [Census dates](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/enrolment-and-fees\/important-dates\/census-dates)\n    - [Invoice due dates](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/enrolment-and-fees\/important-dates\/invoice-due-dates)\n  - [Financial assistance](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/enrolment-and-fees\/financial-assistance)\n    - [Back](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/referencing#!)[Financial assistance](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/enrolment-and-fees\/financial-assistance)\n    - [Financial support](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/enrolment-and-fees\/financial-assistance\/financial-support)\n    - [Study-related grants](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/enrolment-and-fees\/financial-assistance\/assistance-for-your-placement)\n    - [Government assistance](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/enrolment-and-fees\/financial-assistance\/government-assistance)\n    - [Support from DUSA](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/enrolment-and-fees\/financial-assistance\/support-available-from-dusa)\n    - [Managing your money](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/enrolment-and-fees\/financial-assistance\/managing-your-money)\n    - [Commonwealth Prac Payment](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/enrolment-and-fees\/financial-assistance\/commonwealth-prac-payment)\n  - [Scholarships](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/enrolment-and-fees\/scholarships)\n    - [Back](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/referencing#!)[Scholarships](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/enrolment-and-fees\/scholarships)\n    - [Scholarship payments](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/enrolment-and-fees\/scholarships\/scholarship-payments)\n    - [Frequently asked questions](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/enrolment-and-fees\/scholarships\/faqs)\n  - [International students](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/enrolment-and-fees\/international-students)\n  - [Enrolment and fees for GIFT City students](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/enrolment-and-fees\/enrolment-and-fees-for-gift-city-students)\n- [Study support](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support)\n  [Study support](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support)\n  \n  - [Back](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/referencing#!)[Study support and resources](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support)\n  - [Faculties](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/faculties)\n    - [Back](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/referencing#!)[Faculties](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/faculties)\n    - [Arts and Education](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/faculties\/artsed)\n    - [Business and Law](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/faculties\/buslaw)\n    - [Health](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/faculties\/health)\n    - [Science, Engineering and Built Environment](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/faculties\/sebe)\n  - [Academic integrity](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/academic-integrity)\n    - [Back](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/referencing#!)[Academic integrity](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/academic-integrity)\n    - [Academic integrity dos and don'ts](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/academic-integrity\/responsibilities)\n    - [Breaches of academic integrity](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/academic-integrity\/student-academic-integrity)\n    - [Research integrity (HDR students only)](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/academic-integrity\/research-integrity-hdr-students-only)\n  - [Study resources](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources)\n    - [Back](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/referencing#!)[Study resources](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources)\n    - [Handbooks](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/handbook)\n    - [Study assistance](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/study-assistance)\n    - [Referencing](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/referencing)\n    - [Study Support Guides](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/study-support-guides)\n    - [Learning spaces](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/learning-spaces)\n    - [Peer mentoring](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/peer-mentoring)\n    - [Using generative AI in your studies](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/artificial-intelligence)\n    - [DeakinDesign](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/deakindesign-principles-and-practices)\n  - [Study timetables](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-timetables)\n    - [Back](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/referencing#!)[Study timetables](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-timetables)\n    - [Provisional timetable](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-timetables\/timeedit-timetables)\n  - [Important dates](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/important-dates)\n  - [Assessments and examinations](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/assessments-and-examinations)\n    - [Back](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/referencing#!)[Assessments and examinations](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/assessments-and-examinations)\n    - [Assessments](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/assessments-and-examinations\/assessments)\n    - [Special consideration](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/assessments-and-examinations\/special-consideration)\n    - [Academic progress](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/assessments-and-examinations\/academic-progress)\n    - [End-of-unit assessments (EoUAs) and exams](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/assessments-and-examinations\/eoua-and-exams)\n    - [Getting your results](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/assessments-and-examinations\/getting-your-results)\n    - [Final unit to complete](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/assessments-and-examinations\/final-unit-to-complete)\n  - [HDR study support](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/hdr)\n  - [International students](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/international)\n    - [Back](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/referencing#!)[International students](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/international)\n    - [New international students guide](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/international\/new-international-students-guide)\n    - [Overseas student health cover](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/international\/overseas-student-health-cover)\n    - [Compliance and visas](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/international\/compliance-visas)\n    - [Work, consumer and tenant rights and responsibilities](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/international\/work-consumer-and-tenant-rights-and-responsibilities)\n    - [Migration advice](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/international\/migration-advice)\n    - [Discontinuation](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/international\/discontinue)\n    - [DUELI Independent learning centre](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/international\/dueli-independent-learning-centre)\n    - [Update your contact details](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/international\/update-contact-details)\n    - [Parent consent form for short-term change of accommodation](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/international\/parent-consent-form-for-short-term-change-of-accommodation)\n  - [Work integrated learning](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/wil)\n  - [Study abroad](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-abroad)\n    - [Back](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/referencing#!)[Study abroad](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-abroad)\n    - [Trimester abroad](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-abroad\/trimester-abroad)\n    - [Short-term partner programs](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-abroad\/short-term-partner-programs)\n    - [Global Experiential Learning](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-abroad\/gel)\n    - [Faculty-led programs](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-abroad\/faculty-led-programs)\n    - [How to apply](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-abroad\/how-to-apply)\n    - [Information sessions](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-abroad\/information-sessions)\n    - [New Colombo Plan](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-abroad\/new-colombo-plan)\n    - [Global Citizenship Program](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-abroad\/global-citizenship-program)\n    - [Costs and funding opportunities](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-abroad\/costs-and-funding-opportunities)\n  - [Study support for GIFT City students](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-support-for-gift-city-students)\n- [Careers and graduation](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/careers-and-graduation)\n  [Careers and graduation](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/careers-and-graduation)\n  \n  - [Back](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/referencing#!)[Careers and graduation](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/careers-and-graduation)\n  - [Careers and employability](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/careers-and-graduation\/careers-and-employability)\n  - [Graduation](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/careers-and-graduation\/graduation)\n    - [Back](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/referencing#!)[Graduation](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/careers-and-graduation\/graduation)\n    - [Preparing to graduate](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/careers-and-graduation\/graduation\/preparing-to-graduate)\n    - [Attending your ceremony](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/careers-and-graduation\/graduation\/attending-your-ceremony)\n    - [After graduation](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/careers-and-graduation\/graduation\/after-graduation)\n    - [Graduate documents](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/careers-and-graduation\/graduation\/graduate-documents)\n    - 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Referencing\n\n- [New students](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/new-students)\n- [Enrolment and fees](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/enrolment-and-fees)\n- [Study support](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support)\n  - [Faculties](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/faculties)\n  - [Academic integrity](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/academic-integrity)\n  - [Study resources](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources)\n    - [Handbooks](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/handbook)\n    - [Study assistance](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/study-assistance)\n    - [Referencing](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/referencing)\n      - [APA7](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/referencing\/apa7)\n      - [Vancouver](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/referencing\/vancouver)\n      - [AGLC](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/referencing\/aglc)\n      - [Oxford](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/referencing\/oxford)\n      - [Chicago](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/referencing\/chicago)\n      - [IEEE](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/referencing\/ieee)\n      - [Numbered citation](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/referencing\/numbered-citation)\n      - [Harvard](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/referencing\/harvard)\n    - [Study Support Guides](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/study-support-guides)\n    - [Learning spaces](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/learning-spaces)\n    - [Peer mentoring](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/peer-mentoring)\n    - [Using generative AI in your studies](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/artificial-intelligence)\n    - [DeakinDesign](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/deakindesign-principles-and-practices)\n  - [Study timetables](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-timetables)\n  - [Important dates](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/important-dates)\n  - [Assessments and examinations](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/assessments-and-examinations)\n  - [HDR study support](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/hdr)\n  - [International students](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/international)\n  - [Work integrated learning](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/wil)\n  - [Study abroad](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-abroad)\n  - [Study support for GIFT City students](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-support-for-gift-city-students)\n- [Careers and graduation](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/careers-and-graduation)\n- [Student life and services](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/student-life-and-services)\n- [Research support](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/research-support)\n- [Help](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/help)\n\n1. [Home](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/)\n2. [Students](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students)\n3. [Study support](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support)\n4. [Study resources](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources)\n5. Referencing\n# Deakin guide to referencing\nLearn about how and why we use sources in academic writing.\n\n![](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/__data\/assets\/image\/0025\/85147\/varieties\/hero-banner-splash.jpg)\n\n# Deakin guide to referencing\n## Referencing explained\n### Learn the basics\n1. [Introduction to referencing](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/referencing\/referencing-explained\/introduction-to-referencing)\n2. [Using sources](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/referencing\/referencing-explained\/using-sources)\n3. [Further strategies](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/referencing\/referencing-explained\/further-strategies)\n\n### Support and FAQs\n- [Referencing Indigenous sources](https:\/\/deakin.libguides.com\/c.php?g=970630&utm_campaign=First+Nations+Hub&utm_medium=bitly&utm_source=University+Website)\n- [Glossary](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/referencing\/referencing-explained\/glossary)\n- [Frequently asked questions](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/referencing\/referencing-explained\/referencing-faqs)\n\n## Choose your referencing guide\n- ### [APA7](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/referencing\/apa7)\n  APA 7 is an author-date style of referencing.\n- ### [Vancouver](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/referencing\/vancouver)\n  Vancouver is a numbered citation style of referencing.\n- ### [AGLC](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/referencing\/aglc)\n  AGLC is a footnote style used for referencing legal materials.\n- ### [Oxford](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/referencing\/oxford)\n  Oxford style uses consecutively numbered markers in text, directing readers to footnotes.\n- ### [Chicago](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/referencing\/chicago)\n  Chicago-style source citations come in two varieties: notes and bibliography, and author-date.\n- ### [IEEE](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/referencing\/ieee)\n  The IEEE referencing style is created and managed by the the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.\n- ### [Numbered citation](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/referencing\/numbered-citation)\n  A numbered, or numeric, citation style uses superscripted numbers or numbers in brackets for in-text citations.\n- ### [Harvard](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/referencing\/harvard)\n  Retired February 2026.\n\n## Contact us\nBook a Study Support appointment below or contact the team.\n\n- [Book an appointment](https:\/\/targetconnect.deakin.edu.au\/leap\/appointments.html?types=18)\n- [Contact us](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/study-assistance\/contact-study-support\/)\n- [First Nations Academic Support 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You consent to the use of our cookies if you proceed. Visit our [Privacy policy](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/footer\/privacy) for more information.\n\nOK","attrs_readable_markdown":"[Skip main navigation](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/referencing#banner-start)\n\n[Skip sub navigation](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/referencing#skipSubNav)\n\n- [Deakin Home](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/ \"Visit Deakin University Australia\")\n- [Library](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/library \"Visit the Library\")\n- [DeakinSync](https:\/\/sync.deakin.edu.au\/ \"Visit DeakinSync\")\n- [Student news](https:\/\/blogs.deakin.edu.au\/deakinlife\/ \"Visit DeakinLife\")\n- [StudentConnect](https:\/\/studentconnect.deakin.edu.au\/connect\/webconnect \"Visit StudentConnect\")\n- [Help and contact us](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/?external-uuid=5617121a-1c79-4d1c-a736-75521d17b75e \"Help and contact us\")\n\n## Choose your referencing guide\n- [APA7](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/referencing\/apa7)\n  \n  APA 7 is an author-date style of referencing.\n- [Vancouver](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/referencing\/vancouver)\n  \n  Vancouver is a numbered citation style of referencing.\n- [AGLC](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/referencing\/aglc)\n  \n  AGLC is a footnote style used for referencing legal materials.\n- [Oxford](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/referencing\/oxford)\n  \n  Oxford style uses consecutively numbered markers in text, directing readers to footnotes.\n- [Chicago](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/referencing\/chicago)\n  \n  Chicago-style source citations come in two varieties: notes and bibliography, and author-date.\n- [IEEE](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/referencing\/ieee)\n  \n  The IEEE referencing style is created and managed by the the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.\n- [Numbered citation](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/referencing\/numbered-citation)\n  \n  A numbered, or numeric, citation style uses superscripted numbers or numbers in brackets for in-text citations.\n- [Harvard](https:\/\/www.deakin.edu.au\/students\/study-support\/study-resources\/referencing\/harvard)\n  \n  Retired February 2026.","meta_canonical":null}

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Boilerpipe Text	Skip main navigation Search Deakin for Skip sub navigation Deakin Home Library DeakinSync Student news StudentConnect Help and contact us Choose your referencing guide APA7 APA 7 is an author-date style of referencing. Vancouver Vancouver is a numbered citation style of referencing. AGLC AGLC is a footnote style used for referencing legal materials. Oxford Oxford style uses consecutively numbered markers in text, directing readers to footnotes. Chicago Chicago-style source citations come in two varieties: notes and bibliography, and author-date. IEEE The IEEE referencing style is created and managed by the the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. Numbered citation A numbered, or numeric, citation style uses superscripted numbers or numbers in brackets for in-text citations. Harvard Retired February 2026.
Markdown	![Facebook](https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=912177753833094&ev=PageView&noscript=1) [Skip main navigation](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing#banner-start) Menu [Deakin University Australia ![Deakin University Australia](https://www.deakin.edu.au/__data/assets/image/0026/17936/logo_deakin-rebrand-stacked.png)](https://deakin.edu.au/) [Students](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students) - [New students](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/new-students) [New students](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/new-students) - [Back](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing#!)[New students](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/new-students) - [New domestic students](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/new-students/new-domestic-students) - [Back](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing#!)[New domestic students](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/new-students/new-domestic-students) - [Accept and enrol](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/new-students/new-domestic-students/accept-and-enrol) - 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[Get ready for uni](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/new-students/new-gift-city-students/get-ready-for-uni) - [Orientation](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/new-students/new-gift-city-students/orientation) - [Week 1](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/new-students/new-gift-city-students/week-1) - [Study success](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/new-students/new-gift-city-students/study-success) - [Enrolment and fees](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/enrolment-and-fees) [Enrolment and fees](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/enrolment-and-fees) - [Back](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing#!)[Enrolment and fees](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/enrolment-and-fees) - [Manage your course](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/enrolment-and-fees/manage-your-course) - [Back](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing#!)[Manage your course](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/enrolment-and-fees/manage-your-course) - [How to plan your course](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/enrolment-and-fees/manage-your-course/plan-your-course) - [Handbooks](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/enrolment-and-fees/manage-your-course/handbooks) - [Course maps](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/enrolment-and-fees/manage-your-course/course-maps) - [Change your enrolment](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/enrolment-and-fees/enrol/enrolment-details) - [Course articulation](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/enrolment-and-fees/manage-your-course/course-articulation) - [Course transfer](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/enrolment-and-fees/manage-your-course/course-transfer) - [Cross-institutional study](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/enrolment-and-fees/manage-your-course/cross-institutional-study) - [Intermit your course](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/enrolment-and-fees/manage-your-course/intermit-your-course) - [Discontinue your course](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/enrolment-and-fees/manage-your-course/discontinue) - [Requesting official documents](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/enrolment-and-fees/manage-your-course/requesting-official-documents) - [Enrol](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/enrolment-and-fees/enrol) - [Back](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing#!)[Enrol](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/enrolment-and-fees/enrol) - [Before you enrol](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/enrolment-and-fees/enrol/before-you-enrol) - [How to enrol](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/enrolment-and-fees/enrol/how-to-enrol) - [How to re-enrol](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/enrolment-and-fees/enrol/how-to-re-enrol) - [Change your enrolment](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/enrolment-and-fees/enrol/enrolment-details) - [Deakin Card](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/enrolment-and-fees/enrol/deakin-card) - [Unique Student Identifier](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/enrolment-and-fees/enrol/usi) - [Rights and responsibilities](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/enrolment-and-fees/enrol/rights-and-responsibilities) - [Information privacy](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/enrolment-and-fees/enrol/information-privacy) - [Change personal details](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/enrolment-and-fees/personal-details) - [Fees](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/enrolment-and-fees/fees) - [Back](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing#!)[Fees](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/enrolment-and-fees/fees) - [Domestic student fee information](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/enrolment-and-fees/fees/domestic-students) - [International student fee information](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/enrolment-and-fees/fees/international-students) - [Estimate your course and unit fees](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/enrolment-and-fees/fees/estimate-your-course-and-unit-fees) - [Your invoice and how to pay](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/enrolment-and-fees/fees/your-invoice-and-how-to-pay) - [Other costs](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/enrolment-and-fees/fees/other-costs) - [Insurance](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/enrolment-and-fees/fees/insurance) - [Tax File Number (TFN) information](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/enrolment-and-fees/fees/tax-file-number) - [Common scams](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/enrolment-and-fees/fees/common-scams) - [Important dates](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/enrolment-and-fees/important-dates) - [Back](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing#!)[Important dates](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/enrolment-and-fees/important-dates) - [Census dates](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/enrolment-and-fees/important-dates/census-dates) - [Invoice due dates](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/enrolment-and-fees/important-dates/invoice-due-dates) - [Financial assistance](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/enrolment-and-fees/financial-assistance) - [Back](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing#!)[Financial assistance](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/enrolment-and-fees/financial-assistance) - [Financial support](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/enrolment-and-fees/financial-assistance/financial-support) - [Study-related grants](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/enrolment-and-fees/financial-assistance/assistance-for-your-placement) - [Government assistance](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/enrolment-and-fees/financial-assistance/government-assistance) - [Support from DUSA](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/enrolment-and-fees/financial-assistance/support-available-from-dusa) - [Managing your money](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/enrolment-and-fees/financial-assistance/managing-your-money) - [Commonwealth Prac Payment](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/enrolment-and-fees/financial-assistance/commonwealth-prac-payment) - [Scholarships](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/enrolment-and-fees/scholarships) - [Back](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing#!)[Scholarships](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/enrolment-and-fees/scholarships) - [Scholarship payments](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/enrolment-and-fees/scholarships/scholarship-payments) - [Frequently asked questions](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/enrolment-and-fees/scholarships/faqs) - [International students](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/enrolment-and-fees/international-students) - [Enrolment and fees for GIFT City students](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/enrolment-and-fees/enrolment-and-fees-for-gift-city-students) - [Study support](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support) [Study support](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support) - [Back](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing#!)[Study support and resources](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support) - [Faculties](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/faculties) - [Back](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing#!)[Faculties](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/faculties) - [Arts and Education](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/faculties/artsed) - [Business and Law](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/faculties/buslaw) - [Health](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/faculties/health) - [Science, Engineering and Built Environment](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/faculties/sebe) - [Academic integrity](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/academic-integrity) - [Back](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing#!)[Academic integrity](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/academic-integrity) - [Academic integrity dos and don'ts](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/academic-integrity/responsibilities) - [Breaches of academic integrity](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/academic-integrity/student-academic-integrity) - [Research integrity (HDR students only)](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/academic-integrity/research-integrity-hdr-students-only) - [Study resources](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources) - [Back](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing#!)[Study resources](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources) - [Handbooks](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/handbook) - [Study assistance](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/study-assistance) - [Referencing](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing) - [Study Support Guides](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/study-support-guides) - [Learning spaces](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/learning-spaces) - [Peer mentoring](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/peer-mentoring) - [Using generative AI in your studies](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/artificial-intelligence) - [DeakinDesign](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/deakindesign-principles-and-practices) - [Study timetables](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-timetables) - [Back](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing#!)[Study timetables](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-timetables) - [Provisional timetable](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-timetables/timeedit-timetables) - [Important dates](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/important-dates) - [Assessments and examinations](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/assessments-and-examinations) - [Back](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing#!)[Assessments and examinations](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/assessments-and-examinations) - [Assessments](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/assessments-and-examinations/assessments) - [Special consideration](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/assessments-and-examinations/special-consideration) - [Academic progress](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/assessments-and-examinations/academic-progress) - [End-of-unit assessments (EoUAs) and exams](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/assessments-and-examinations/eoua-and-exams) - [Getting your results](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/assessments-and-examinations/getting-your-results) - [Final unit to complete](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/assessments-and-examinations/final-unit-to-complete) - [HDR study support](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/hdr) - [International students](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/international) - [Back](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing#!)[International students](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/international) - [New international students guide](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/international/new-international-students-guide) - [Overseas student health cover](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/international/overseas-student-health-cover) - [Compliance and visas](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/international/compliance-visas) - [Work, consumer and tenant rights and responsibilities](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/international/work-consumer-and-tenant-rights-and-responsibilities) - [Migration advice](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/international/migration-advice) - [Discontinuation](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/international/discontinue) - [DUELI Independent learning centre](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/international/dueli-independent-learning-centre) - [Update your contact details](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/international/update-contact-details) - [Parent consent form for short-term change of accommodation](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/international/parent-consent-form-for-short-term-change-of-accommodation) - [Work integrated learning](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/wil) - [Study abroad](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-abroad) - [Back](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing#!)[Study abroad](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-abroad) - [Trimester abroad](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-abroad/trimester-abroad) - [Short-term partner programs](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-abroad/short-term-partner-programs) - [Global Experiential Learning](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-abroad/gel) - [Faculty-led programs](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-abroad/faculty-led-programs) - [How to apply](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-abroad/how-to-apply) - [Information sessions](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-abroad/information-sessions) - [New Colombo Plan](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-abroad/new-colombo-plan) - [Global Citizenship Program](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-abroad/global-citizenship-program) - [Costs and funding opportunities](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-abroad/costs-and-funding-opportunities) - [Study support for GIFT City students](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-support-for-gift-city-students) - [Careers and graduation](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/careers-and-graduation) [Careers and graduation](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/careers-and-graduation) - [Back](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing#!)[Careers and graduation](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/careers-and-graduation) - [Careers and employability](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/careers-and-graduation/careers-and-employability) - [Graduation](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/careers-and-graduation/graduation) - [Back](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing#!)[Graduation](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/careers-and-graduation/graduation) - [Preparing to graduate](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/careers-and-graduation/graduation/preparing-to-graduate) - [Attending your ceremony](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/careers-and-graduation/graduation/attending-your-ceremony) - [After graduation](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/careers-and-graduation/graduation/after-graduation) - [Graduate documents](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/careers-and-graduation/graduation/graduate-documents) - [Graduation costs and registration](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/careers-and-graduation/graduation/costs-and-registration) - [Graduation FAQs](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/careers-and-graduation/graduation/faqs) - [Letters after your name](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/careers-and-graduation/graduation/letters-after-your-name) - [Request an alternative exit](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/careers-and-graduation/graduation/request-an-alternative-exit) - [Awards and prizes](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/careers-and-graduation/awards-and-prizes) - [Back](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing#!)[Awards and prizes](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/careers-and-graduation/awards-and-prizes) - [Deakin Hallmarks](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/careers-and-graduation/awards-and-prizes/deakin-hallmarks) - [Careers and placements for GIFT City students](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/careers-and-graduation/careers-and-placements-for-gift-city-students) - [Student life and services](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/student-life-and-services) [Student life and services](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/student-life-and-services) - [Back](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing#!)[Student life and services](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/student-life-and-services) - [Health, wellbeing and safety](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/student-life-and-services/health-wellbeing-and-safety) - [Back](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing#!)[Health, wellbeing and safety](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/student-life-and-services/health-wellbeing-and-safety) - [Health and wellbeing](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/student-life-and-services/health-wellbeing-and-safety/hwb) - [Safety and security](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/student-life-and-services/health-wellbeing-and-safety/safety-security) - [Building a respectful community](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/student-life-and-services/health-wellbeing-and-safety/building-a-respectful-community) - [Indigenous students](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/student-life-and-services/indigenous-students) - [Back](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing#!)[Indigenous students](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/student-life-and-services/indigenous-students) - [Social and emotional wellbeing support](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/student-life-and-services/indigenous-students/social-and-wellbeing-support-for-first-nations-students) - [NIKERI Institute](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/student-life-and-services/indigenous-students/nikeri) - [Indigenous glossary](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/student-life-and-services/indigenous-students/glossary-of-indigenous-terms) - [Safer Community](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/student-life-and-services/safer-community) - [Get involved](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/student-life-and-services/get-involved) - [Back](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing#!)[Get involved](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/student-life-and-services/get-involved) - [Peer mentoring](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/peer-mentoring) - [Social connections](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/student-life-and-services/get-involved/social-connections) - [Wellbeing at Deakin](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/student-life-and-services/get-involved/wellbeing-at-deakin) - [International Student Connect](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/student-life-and-services/get-involved/connect) - [Sport and recreation](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/student-life-and-services/get-involved/sport-recreation) - [Student representatives](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/student-life-and-services/get-involved/student-representatives) - [Explore your campus](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/student-life-and-services/get-involved/explore-your-campus) - [Sustainability](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/student-life-and-services/get-involved/sustainability) - [Community partnerships](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/student-life-and-services/get-involved/community-partnerships) - [Olympic, Paralympic and Commonwealth Games](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/student-life-and-services/get-involved/olympic-paralympic-and-commonwealth-games) - [International students](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/international) - [Back](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing#!)[International students](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/international) - [New international students guide](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/international/new-international-students-guide) - [Overseas student health cover](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/international/overseas-student-health-cover) - [Compliance and visas](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/international/compliance-visas) - [Work, consumer and tenant rights and responsibilities](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/international/work-consumer-and-tenant-rights-and-responsibilities) - [Migration advice](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/international/migration-advice) - [Discontinuation](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/international/discontinue) - [DUELI Independent learning centre](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/international/dueli-independent-learning-centre) - [Update your contact details](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/international/update-contact-details) - [Parent consent form for short-term change of accommodation](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/international/parent-consent-form-for-short-term-change-of-accommodation) - [Campus information](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/student-life-and-services/campus-information) - [Back](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing#!)[Campus information](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/student-life-and-services/campus-information) - [Getting to Deakin](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/student-life-and-services/campus-information/getting-to-deakin) - [Accommodation](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/student-life-and-services/campus-information/accommodation) - [Food at Deakin](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/student-life-and-services/campus-information/food-at-deakin) - [Safety on campus](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/student-life-and-services/campus-information/safety-on-campus) - [Safer Community](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/student-life-and-services/campus-information/safer-community) - [Emergency and crisis information](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/student-life-and-services/campus-information/emergency-and-crisis-information) - [Campus maintenance and construction](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/student-life-and-services/campus-information/campus-maintenance-and-construction) - [Building access](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/student-life-and-services/campus-information/building-access) - [Book a study space](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/student-life-and-services/campus-information/book-a-space) - [Student complaints, conduct and appeals](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/student-life-and-services/complaints-conduct-appeals) - [Back](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing#!)[Student complaints, conduct and appeals](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/student-life-and-services/complaints-conduct-appeals) - [Student complaints](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/student-life-and-services/complaints-conduct-appeals/student-complaints) - [Student conduct](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/student-life-and-services/complaints-conduct-appeals/student-conduct) - [Student appeals](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/student-life-and-services/complaints-conduct-appeals/student-appeals) - [Student events](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/student-life-and-services/student-events) - [Student life and services for GIFT City students](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/student-life-and-services/student-life-and-services-for-gift-city-students) - [Research support](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/research-support) [Research support](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/research-support) - [Back](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing#!)[Research support](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/research-support) - [Manage candidature](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/research-support/manage-candidature) - [Back](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing#!)[Manage candidature](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/research-support/manage-candidature) - [Researcher systems, apps and forms](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/research-support/manage-candidature/systems-apps-forms) - [Completing your candidature engagement form](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/research-support/manage-candidature/completing-your-candidature-engagement-form) - 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Referencing - [New students](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/new-students) - [Enrolment and fees](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/enrolment-and-fees) - [Study support](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support) - [Faculties](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/faculties) - [Academic integrity](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/academic-integrity) - [Study resources](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources) - [Handbooks](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/handbook) - [Study assistance](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/study-assistance) - [Referencing](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing) - [APA7](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing/apa7) - [Vancouver](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing/vancouver) - [AGLC](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing/aglc) - [Oxford](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing/oxford) - [Chicago](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing/chicago) - [IEEE](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing/ieee) - [Numbered citation](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing/numbered-citation) - [Harvard](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing/harvard) - [Study Support Guides](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/study-support-guides) - [Learning spaces](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/learning-spaces) - [Peer mentoring](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/peer-mentoring) - [Using generative AI in your studies](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/artificial-intelligence) - [DeakinDesign](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/deakindesign-principles-and-practices) - [Study timetables](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-timetables) - [Important dates](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/important-dates) - [Assessments and examinations](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/assessments-and-examinations) - [HDR study support](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/hdr) - [International students](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/international) - [Work integrated learning](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/wil) - [Study abroad](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-abroad) - [Study support for GIFT City students](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-support-for-gift-city-students) - [Careers and graduation](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/careers-and-graduation) - [Student life and services](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/student-life-and-services) - [Research support](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/research-support) - [Help](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/help) 1. [Home](https://www.deakin.edu.au/) 2. [Students](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students) 3. [Study support](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support) 4. [Study resources](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources) 5. Referencing # Deakin guide to referencing Learn about how and why we use sources in academic writing. ![](https://www.deakin.edu.au/__data/assets/image/0025/85147/varieties/hero-banner-splash.jpg) # Deakin guide to referencing ## Referencing explained ### Learn the basics 1. [Introduction to referencing](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing/referencing-explained/introduction-to-referencing) 2. [Using sources](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing/referencing-explained/using-sources) 3. [Further strategies](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing/referencing-explained/further-strategies) ### Support and FAQs - [Referencing Indigenous sources](https://deakin.libguides.com/c.php?g=970630&utm_campaign=First+Nations+Hub&utm_medium=bitly&utm_source=University+Website) - [Glossary](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing/referencing-explained/glossary) - [Frequently asked questions](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing/referencing-explained/referencing-faqs) ## Choose your referencing guide - ### [APA7](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing/apa7) APA 7 is an author-date style of referencing. - ### [Vancouver](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing/vancouver) Vancouver is a numbered citation style of referencing. - ### [AGLC](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing/aglc) AGLC is a footnote style used for referencing legal materials. - ### [Oxford](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing/oxford) Oxford style uses consecutively numbered markers in text, directing readers to footnotes. - ### [Chicago](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing/chicago) Chicago-style source citations come in two varieties: notes and bibliography, and author-date. - ### [IEEE](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing/ieee) The IEEE referencing style is created and managed by the the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. - ### [Numbered citation](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing/numbered-citation) A numbered, or numeric, citation style uses superscripted numbers or numbers in brackets for in-text citations. - ### [Harvard](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing/harvard) Retired February 2026. ## Contact us Book a Study Support appointment below or contact the team. - 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Readable Markdown	[Skip main navigation](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing#banner-start) [Skip sub navigation](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing#skipSubNav) - [Deakin Home](https://www.deakin.edu.au/ "Visit Deakin University Australia") - [Library](https://www.deakin.edu.au/library "Visit the Library") - [DeakinSync](https://sync.deakin.edu.au/ "Visit DeakinSync") - [Student news](https://blogs.deakin.edu.au/deakinlife/ "Visit DeakinLife") - [StudentConnect](https://studentconnect.deakin.edu.au/connect/webconnect "Visit StudentConnect") - [Help and contact us](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/?external-uuid=5617121a-1c79-4d1c-a736-75521d17b75e "Help and contact us") ## Choose your referencing guide - [APA7](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing/apa7) APA 7 is an author-date style of referencing. - [Vancouver](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing/vancouver) Vancouver is a numbered citation style of referencing. - [AGLC](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing/aglc) AGLC is a footnote style used for referencing legal materials. - [Oxford](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing/oxford) Oxford style uses consecutively numbered markers in text, directing readers to footnotes. - [Chicago](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing/chicago) Chicago-style source citations come in two varieties: notes and bibliography, and author-date. - [IEEE](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing/ieee) The IEEE referencing style is created and managed by the the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. - [Numbered citation](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing/numbered-citation) A numbered, or numeric, citation style uses superscripted numbers or numbers in brackets for in-text citations. - [Harvard](https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/study-resources/referencing/harvard) Retired February 2026.
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