🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 51 (from laksa115)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa051.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.cnn.com/2025/02/13/health/caffeine-longevity-heart-wellness\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.cnn.com/2025/02/13/health/caffeine-longevity-heart-wellness\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2025\/02\/13\/health\/caffeine-longevity-heart-wellness","crawl_time":1775671531,"first_indexed_time":1741988309,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"com,cnn!www,\/2025\/02\/13\/health\/caffeine-longevity-heart-wellness s443","src_root_hash":"2312100192101524051","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"How much coffee is too much, according to a doctor | CNN","meta_descriptions":["Studies show coffee can be beneficial, but researchers are unsure if it’s what’s in the caffeine or the coffee itself. A doctor explains what’s safe for most people."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Unable to load video\nPlease try again later.\nError occurred while fetching labs\nVideo Ad Feedback\nWhat you should know about caffeine\n02:07\n• Source:\nCNN\nWhat you should know about caffeine\n02:07\nGet inspired by a weekly roundup on living well, made simple. Sign up for\nCNN’s Life, But Better newsletter\nfor information and tools designed to improve your well-being.\nCNN\n — \nWith millions sipping their morning coffee to start the day, recent research has generated new buzz about caffeine consumption.\nA large UK study\nfrom September found that moderate caffeine consumption from coffee or tea reduced the risk of developing multiple cardiometabolic diseases such as heart disease, stroke and diabetes.\nAnother study\n, published in January, concluded that drinking coffee in the morning was especially beneficial in reducing cardiovascular disease and premature death.\nThat’s nice to know, but what is the evidence for coffee’s health benefits? And what is the underlying physiological basis of these benefits? How much coffee is good for most people, according to these studies — and how much is too much? Should some people be especially careful about coffee consumption? And if you don’t like coffee, are there similar benefits from drinking tea or other beverages?\nAd Feedback\nAd Feedback\nTo help with these questions, I spoke with CNN wellness expert Dr. Leana Wen. Wen is an emergency physician and adjunct associate professor at George Washington University. She previously was Baltimore’s health commissioner.\nCNN: What’s the evidence for coffee’s health benefits, and what is the underlying physiological basis of these benefits?\nDr. Leana Wen:\nThe evidence is quite strong. In addition to the recent studies, a plethora of\nresearch over decades\nhas found that moderate consumption of coffee is associated with lowering the risk of developing multiple diseases, including heart disease, diabetes, certain cancers and even dementia.\nExactly why this is the case is not known, though there are several hypotheses. For instance, coffee contains chemicals that are thought to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, perhaps contributing to its effect on\nreducing cancer risk\n.\nSubstances contained in coffee could help the body better use insulin and assist with\nblood sugar control\n. And some ingredients could help\nbetter process cholesterol\n, possibly contributing to protecting against negative outcomes. More research is needed to understand what components of coffee have beneficial health effects.\nCNN: How much coffee is good for you?\nWen:\nMany of these studies found positive health effects at a moderate level of consumption, which is generally defined as between two and four cups of coffee per day.\nIn the 2024 UK study, the risk of developing multiple new cardiometabolic diseases was reduced by over\n48%\nfor those who had three cups of coffee per day compared with those who didn’t drink or who drank less than one cup a day.\nAccording to a\nlarge 2022 study\n, the biggest decline in early mortality was seen for those who drank two to three cups of coffee a day. Interestingly, this study found that ground coffee consumption lowered the risk of early death the most (27%). Instant coffee had less of an effect (11%).\nCNN: How much coffee is too much?\nWen:\nThe concern with too much coffee is about consuming too much caffeine, which can cause heart palpitations, anxiety, restlessness and difficulty sleeping. According to the US Food and Drug Administration,\n400 milligrams of caffeine\nper day is safe for most adults. That is approximately the amount in four 8-ounce cups of brewed coffee.\nMany people exceed this amount and experience no ill effects. But people who have\nsleep difficulties\nor other problems should be aware that these could be due to caffeine consumption.\nCNN: What about caffeine from espresso, teas and sodas?\nWen:\nOne 1-ounce shot of espresso contains around\n60 to 70 milligrams\nof caffeine.\nA cup of black tea\ntypically has 40 to 50 milligrams of caffeine but can have as much as 90 milligrams. Green teas and white teas will have less caffeine. Sodas also vary in caffeine content, but typically a\n12-ounce serving\nwill have 3 milligrams to 70 milligrams of caffeine.\nOther drinks I want to be sure to flag are energy drinks. These drinks can\ncontain large amounts of caffeine\n, often packing 200 or even 300 milligrams in one serving. People should be aware of the total amount of caffeine and other ingredients they are consuming through the day for all these different beverages. Sodas and\nenergy drinks\ncan contain a lot of added sugars, for instance, along with other chemicals that are not good for your health.\nCNN: Should some people be especially careful about coffee consumption?\nWen:\nYes. The American Academy of Pediatrics\nrecommends\nthat children under 12 do not consume caffeine. Children ages\n12 to 18\nshould not exceed 100 milligrams of caffeine per day.\nPregnant women should also be cautious about caffeine intake. According to the\nAmerican College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists\n, less than 200 milligrams a day is not associated with miscarriage or preterm birth; it\nrecommends\nlimiting intake to under this amount during pregnancy. Small amounts of caffeine can pass from the breastfeeding mother to infant, but less than\n300 milligrams a day\nshould be safe for breastfeeding women, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\nOther people who should use caution include those with underlying heart conditions and those who use\nmedications\nthat could make someone more sensitive to the effects of caffeine, such as certain thyroid and antidepressant medications.\nIn addition, people who have trouble sleeping should consider limiting their caffeine intake to the morning hours. Those who have questions about their specific medical circumstances should consult a health care provider.\nCNN: What about those who don’t drink coffee? Can they get similar benefits from tea or other caffeinated beverages?\nWen:\nThis is an interesting question. It’s not known at this time whether the health benefit from coffee is from the caffeine in the coffee, which could be replicated through non-coffee drinks, or whether they are intrinsic to what’s in the coffee itself.\nThere may be benefits to drinking tea, whether it contains a large amount of caffeine or not.\nSome studies\nhave found that drinking tea is also associated with lower mortality and lower risk of some diseases. This benefit does not apply to other caffeine-containing drinks like energy drinks and sodas; whatever benefit the caffeine in these drinks could have would likely be negated by the negative health impacts of added sugars and other chemicals.\nIn short, my takeaway from these studies about coffee isn’t that everyone needs to drink it. Adults who do probably have some health benefit if they drink it in moderation. Everyone needs to be aware of the total caffeine intake they have, and there are people — notably young children — who really should not be consuming caffeine.","attrs_markdown":"Thank You\\!\n\nYour effort and contribution in providing this feedback is much appreciated.\n\nClose\n\nAd Feedback\n\n[Health](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/health)\n\n[Life, But Better](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/interactive\/life-but-better\/)\n\n[Fitness](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/health\/life-but-better\/fitness)\n\n[Food](http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/health\/life-but-better\/food)\n\n[Sleep](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/health\/life-but-better\/sleep)\n\n[Mindfulness](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/health\/life-but-better\/mindfulness)\n\n[Relationships](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/health\/life-but-better\/relationships)\n\n[More]()\n\n[Life, But Better](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/interactive\/life-but-better\/)   [Fitness](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/health\/life-but-better\/fitness)   [Food](http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/health\/life-but-better\/food)   [Sleep](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/health\/life-but-better\/sleep)   [Mindfulness](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/health\/life-but-better\/mindfulness)   [Relationships](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/health\/life-but-better\/relationships)\n\n[Watch](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/subscription\/all-access)   [Listen](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/audio)\n\nSubscribe\n\nSign in\n\nMy Account\n\n- [Settings](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/account\/settings)\n- [Newsletters](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/newsletters)\n- [Topics you follow](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/follow?iid=fw_var-nav)\n- [Sign out](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2025\/02\/13\/health\/caffeine-longevity-heart-wellness)\n\nYour CNN account Sign in to your CNN account\n***\nSign in\n\nMy Account\n\n- [Settings](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/account\/settings)\n- [Newsletters](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/newsletters)\n- [Topics you follow](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/follow?iid=fw_var-nav)\n- [Sign out](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2025\/02\/13\/health\/caffeine-longevity-heart-wellness)\n\nYour CNN account Sign in to your CNN account\n***\n[Listen](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/audio)   [Watch](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/subscription\/all-access)\n***\nEdition\n\n[US](https:\/\/us.cnn.com\/?hpt=header_edition-picker)\n\n[International](https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/?hpt=header_edition-picker)\n\n[Arabic](https:\/\/arabic.cnn.com\/?hpt=header_edition-picker)\n\n[Español](https:\/\/cnnespanol.cnn.com\/?hpt=header_edition-picker)\n\nEdition\n\n- [US](https:\/\/us.cnn.com\/?hpt=header_edition-picker)\n- [International](https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/?hpt=header_edition-picker)\n- [Arabic](https:\/\/arabic.cnn.com\/?hpt=header_edition-picker)\n- [Español](https:\/\/cnnespanol.cnn.com\/?hpt=header_edition-picker)\n***\n[Life, But Better](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/interactive\/life-but-better\/)\n\n[Fitness](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/health\/life-but-better\/fitness)\n\n[Food](http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/health\/life-but-better\/food)\n\n[Sleep](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/health\/life-but-better\/sleep)\n\n[Mindfulness](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/health\/life-but-better\/mindfulness)\n\n[Relationships](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/health\/life-but-better\/relationships)\n***\nFollow CNN\n\nDownload the CNN App\n***\n\n- [US](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/us)\n  - 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Sign up for [CNN’s Life, But Better newsletter](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/newsletters\/life-but-better?source=nl-acq_article) for information and tools designed to improve your well-being.\n\nCNN\n\n—\n\nWith millions sipping their morning coffee to start the day, recent research has generated new buzz about caffeine consumption.\n\n[A large UK study](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2024\/09\/17\/health\/caffeine-heart-health-study-wellness\/index.html) from September found that moderate caffeine consumption from coffee or tea reduced the risk of developing multiple cardiometabolic diseases such as heart disease, stroke and diabetes. [Another study](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2025\/01\/07\/health\/coffee-drinking-timing-death-risk-wellness\/index.html), published in January, concluded that drinking coffee in the morning was especially beneficial in reducing cardiovascular disease and premature death.\n\n[![20250120-May I recommend… hanging-out-in-coffee-shops-gfx-finals2.jpg](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/media\/sites\/cnn\/cnn-fallback-image.jpg) Photo Illustration by Jason Lancaster\/CNN\/Getty Images Related article Viva la coffee shop: Why we need to meet up in them, now\\!](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2025\/01\/20\/health\/recommend-coffee-shops-wellness)\n\nThat’s nice to know, but what is the evidence for coffee’s health benefits? And what is the underlying physiological basis of these benefits? How much coffee is good for most people, according to these studies — and how much is too much? Should some people be especially careful about coffee consumption? And if you don’t like coffee, are there similar benefits from drinking tea or other beverages?\n\nAd Feedback\n\nAd Feedback\n\nTo help with these questions, I spoke with CNN wellness expert Dr. Leana Wen. Wen is an emergency physician and adjunct associate professor at George Washington University. She previously was Baltimore’s health commissioner.\n\n**CNN: What’s the evidence for coffee’s health benefits, and what is the underlying physiological basis of these benefits?**\n\n**Dr. Leana Wen:** The evidence is quite strong. In addition to the recent studies, a plethora of [research over decades](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2022\/09\/29\/health\/coffee-live-longer-wellness\/index.html) has found that moderate consumption of coffee is associated with lowering the risk of developing multiple diseases, including heart disease, diabetes, certain cancers and even dementia.\n\nExactly why this is the case is not known, though there are several hypotheses. For instance, coffee contains chemicals that are thought to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, perhaps contributing to its effect on [reducing cancer risk](https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8562048\/#:~:text=A%20significant%20number%20of%20studies,%2C%20kahweol%2C%20and%20chlorogenic%20acids.).\n\nSubstances contained in coffee could help the body better use insulin and assist with [blood sugar control](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/type-2-diabetes\/expert-answers\/blood-sugar\/faq-20057941#:~:text=If%20you%20have%20diabetes%2C%20caffeine,significant%20effect%20on%20blood%20sugar). And some ingredients could help [better process cholesterol](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/how-does-caffeine-reduce-heart-disease-risk#Caffeine-blocks-SREBP2-activation), possibly contributing to protecting against negative outcomes. More research is needed to understand what components of coffee have beneficial health effects.\n\n[![Coffee Culture Still Life. Electric Coffee Grinder Full Of Organic Arabica Coffee Beans Against Reusable Mug, Ambient Light, High Angle View, Copy Space](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/media\/sites\/cnn\/cnn-fallback-image.jpg) Coffee Culture Still Life. Electric Coffee Grinder Full Of Organic Arabica Coffee Beans Against Reusable Mug, Ambient Light, High Angle View, Copy Space Elena Popova\/Moment RF\/Getty Images Related article Study seems to confirm secret ingredient for better coffee](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2023\/12\/25\/world\/perfect-coffee-water-ross-droplet-technique-wellness-scn)\n\n**CNN: How much coffee is good for you?**\n\n**Wen:** Many of these studies found positive health effects at a moderate level of consumption, which is generally defined as between two and four cups of coffee per day.\n\nIn the 2024 UK study, the risk of developing multiple new cardiometabolic diseases was reduced by over [48%](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2024\/09\/17\/health\/caffeine-heart-health-study-wellness\/index.html) for those who had three cups of coffee per day compared with those who didn’t drink or who drank less than one cup a day.\n\nAccording to a [large 2022 study](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2022\/09\/29\/health\/coffee-live-longer-wellness\/index.html), the biggest decline in early mortality was seen for those who drank two to three cups of coffee a day. Interestingly, this study found that ground coffee consumption lowered the risk of early death the most (27%). Instant coffee had less of an effect (11%).\n\n![Many studies have found positive health effects of coffee at a moderate level of consumption.](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/media\/sites\/cnn\/cnn-fallback-image.jpg)\n\nMany studies have found positive health effects of coffee at a moderate level of consumption.\n\nHalfpoint\/iStockphoto\/Getty Images\n\n**CNN: How much coffee is too much?**\n\n**Wen:** The concern with too much coffee is about consuming too much caffeine, which can cause heart palpitations, anxiety, restlessness and difficulty sleeping. According to the US Food and Drug Administration, [400 milligrams of caffeine](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/spilling-beans-how-much-caffeine-too-much#:~:text=For%20most%20adults%2C%20the%20FDA,eliminate%20it%20from%20the%20body.) per day is safe for most adults. That is approximately the amount in four 8-ounce cups of brewed coffee.\n\nMany people exceed this amount and experience no ill effects. But people who have [sleep difficulties](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/health\/life-but-better\/sleep) or other problems should be aware that these could be due to caffeine consumption.\n\n[![Cafe lifestyle. Waking up in the morning with fresh coffee, good weather and summer mood. Natural and beautiful morning sun light.](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/media\/sites\/cnn\/cnn-fallback-image.jpg) Cafe lifestyle. Waking up in the morning with fresh coffee, good weather and summer mood. Natural and beautiful morning sun light. Oleg Breslavtsev\/Moment RF\/Getty Images Related article Dark roasted and dangerous: Everything you should know about caffeine intoxication](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2024\/03\/11\/health\/what-is-caffeine-intoxication-wellness)\n\n**CNN: What about caffeine from espresso, teas and sodas?**\n\n**Wen:** One 1-ounce shot of espresso contains around [60 to 70 milligrams](https:\/\/www.cspinet.org\/caffeine-chart) of caffeine. [A cup of black tea](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/caffeine-in-tea-vs-coffee#caffeine-content) typically has 40 to 50 milligrams of caffeine but can have as much as 90 milligrams. Green teas and white teas will have less caffeine. Sodas also vary in caffeine content, but typically a [12-ounce serving](https:\/\/www.cspinet.org\/caffeine-chart#soda) will have 3 milligrams to 70 milligrams of caffeine.\n\nOther drinks I want to be sure to flag are energy drinks. These drinks can [contain large amounts of caffeine](https:\/\/www.cspinet.org\/caffeine-chart#energy_drink), often packing 200 or even 300 milligrams in one serving. People should be aware of the total amount of caffeine and other ingredients they are consuming through the day for all these different beverages. Sodas and [energy drinks](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2024\/09\/09\/health\/energy-drinks-caffeine-dangers-wellness\/index.html) can contain a lot of added sugars, for instance, along with other chemicals that are not good for your health.\n\n[![Here's what experts think you should know about the safety of decaf coffee.](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/media\/sites\/cnn\/cnn-fallback-image.jpg) Here's what experts think you should know about the safety of decaf coffee. Yulia-Images\/Moment RF\/Getty Images Related article Is decaf coffee safe to drink? Experts weigh in on claims by health advocacy groups](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2024\/04\/04\/health\/decaf-coffee-methylene-chloride-cancer-wellness)\n\n**CNN: Should some people be especially careful about coffee consumption?**\n\n**Wen:** Yes. The American Academy of Pediatrics [recommends](https:\/\/www.seattlechildrens.org\/healthy-tides\/why-kids-and-teens-should-avoid-energy-drinks\/) that children under 12 do not consume caffeine. Children ages [12 to 18](https:\/\/www.seattlechildrens.org\/healthy-tides\/why-kids-and-teens-should-avoid-energy-drinks\/#:~:text=The%20American%20Academy%20of%20Pediatrics,one%20standard%20cup%20of%20coffee.) should not exceed 100 milligrams of caffeine per day.\n\nPregnant women should also be cautious about caffeine intake. According to the [American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists](https:\/\/www.acog.org\/womens-health\/experts-and-stories\/ask-acog\/how-much-coffee-can-i-drink-while-pregnant#:~:text=Research%20suggests%20that%20moderate%20caffeine,energy%20drinks%2C%20and%20soft%20drinks.), less than 200 milligrams a day is not associated with miscarriage or preterm birth; it [recommends](https:\/\/www.acog.org\/womens-health\/faqs\/having-a-baby) limiting intake to under this amount during pregnancy. Small amounts of caffeine can pass from the breastfeeding mother to infant, but less than [300 milligrams a day](https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/breastfeeding-special-circumstances\/hcp\/diet-micronutrients\/maternal-diet.html) should be safe for breastfeeding women, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\n\nOther people who should use caution include those with underlying heart conditions and those who use [medications](https:\/\/www.health.harvard.edu\/staying-healthy\/rethinking-your-morning-coffee) that could make someone more sensitive to the effects of caffeine, such as certain thyroid and antidepressant medications.\n\nIn addition, people who have trouble sleeping should consider limiting their caffeine intake to the morning hours. Those who have questions about their specific medical circumstances should consult a health care provider.\n\n[![coffee health effects wellness STOCK](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/media\/sites\/cnn\/cnn-fallback-image.jpg) Westend61\/Getty Images Related article Coffee drinkers get more steps but also less sleep, study finds](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2023\/03\/27\/health\/coffee-fitness-sleep-heart-effects-wellness)\n\n**CNN: What about those who don’t drink coffee? Can they get similar benefits from tea or other caffeinated beverages?**\n\n**Wen:** This is an interesting question. It’s not known at this time whether the health benefit from coffee is from the caffeine in the coffee, which could be replicated through non-coffee drinks, or whether they are intrinsic to what’s in the coffee itself.\n\n[![Top view of young couple having a good time, toasting with a cup of coffee and tea over a rustic wooden dining table in a cafe, enjoying a celebration event](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/media\/sites\/cnn\/cnn-fallback-image.jpg) Top view of young couple having a good time, toasting with a cup of coffee and tea over a rustic wooden dining table in a cafe, enjoying a celebration event d3sign\/Moment RF\/Getty Images Related article New research reveals how coffee and tea can affect risk of early death for adults with diabetes](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2023\/04\/19\/health\/coffee-tea-lower-mortality-type-2-diabetes-wellness)\n\nThere may be benefits to drinking tea, whether it contains a large amount of caffeine or not. [Some studies](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2022\/08\/30\/health\/black-tea-health-benefits-wellness\/index.html#:~:text=) have found that drinking tea is also associated with lower mortality and lower risk of some diseases. This benefit does not apply to other caffeine-containing drinks like energy drinks and sodas; whatever benefit the caffeine in these drinks could have would likely be negated by the negative health impacts of added sugars and other chemicals.\n\nIn short, my takeaway from these studies about coffee isn’t that everyone needs to drink it. Adults who do probably have some health benefit if they drink it in moderation. 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All Rights Reserved.   \n CNN Sans ™ & © 2016 Cable News Network.\n\n## Download the CNN app\nScan the QR code to download the CNN app on Google Play.\n\n![Scan the QR code to download the CNN app from Google Play.](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/media\/sites\/cnn\/google-play-cnn-app-qr-code.png)\n\n## Download the CNN app\nScan the QR code to download the CNN app from the Apple Store.\n\n![Scan the QR code to download the CNN app from the Apple Store.](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/media\/sites\/cnn\/app-store-cnn-app-qr-code.png)\n\n![CNN Logo](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/media\/sites\/cnn\/cnn.svg)\n\n## Legal Terms and Privacy\nBy clicking Agree, you have read and agree to the Terms of Use and agree to the collection and use of your information by cookies and similar technologies, as set forth in our Privacy Policy.\n\nBy clicking \"Agree\", you have read and agree to the [Terms of Use](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/terms) and agree to the collection and use of your information by cookies and similar technologies, as set forth in our [Privacy Policy](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/privacy).\n\n[Agree](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2025\/02\/13\/health\/caffeine-longevity-heart-wellness)","attrs_readable_markdown":"**Unable to load video**\n\nPlease try again later.\n\nError occurred while fetching labs\n\nVideo Ad Feedback\n\nWhat you should know about caffeine\n\n02:07   • Source: [CNN](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/)\n\nWhat you should know about caffeine\n\n02:07\n\nGet inspired by a weekly roundup on living well, made simple. Sign up for [CNN’s Life, But Better newsletter](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/newsletters\/life-but-better?source=nl-acq_article) for information and tools designed to improve your well-being.\n\nCNN —\n\nWith millions sipping their morning coffee to start the day, recent research has generated new buzz about caffeine consumption.\n\n[A large UK study](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2024\/09\/17\/health\/caffeine-heart-health-study-wellness\/index.html) from September found that moderate caffeine consumption from coffee or tea reduced the risk of developing multiple cardiometabolic diseases such as heart disease, stroke and diabetes. [Another study](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2025\/01\/07\/health\/coffee-drinking-timing-death-risk-wellness\/index.html), published in January, concluded that drinking coffee in the morning was especially beneficial in reducing cardiovascular disease and premature death.\n\nThat’s nice to know, but what is the evidence for coffee’s health benefits? And what is the underlying physiological basis of these benefits? How much coffee is good for most people, according to these studies — and how much is too much? Should some people be especially careful about coffee consumption? And if you don’t like coffee, are there similar benefits from drinking tea or other beverages?\n\nAd Feedback\n\nAd Feedback\n\nTo help with these questions, I spoke with CNN wellness expert Dr. Leana Wen. Wen is an emergency physician and adjunct associate professor at George Washington University. She previously was Baltimore’s health commissioner.\n\n**CNN: What’s the evidence for coffee’s health benefits, and what is the underlying physiological basis of these benefits?**\n\n**Dr. Leana Wen:** The evidence is quite strong. In addition to the recent studies, a plethora of [research over decades](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2022\/09\/29\/health\/coffee-live-longer-wellness\/index.html) has found that moderate consumption of coffee is associated with lowering the risk of developing multiple diseases, including heart disease, diabetes, certain cancers and even dementia.\n\nExactly why this is the case is not known, though there are several hypotheses. For instance, coffee contains chemicals that are thought to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, perhaps contributing to its effect on [reducing cancer risk](https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8562048\/#:~:text=A%20significant%20number%20of%20studies,%2C%20kahweol%2C%20and%20chlorogenic%20acids.).\n\nSubstances contained in coffee could help the body better use insulin and assist with [blood sugar control](https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/type-2-diabetes\/expert-answers\/blood-sugar\/faq-20057941#:~:text=If%20you%20have%20diabetes%2C%20caffeine,significant%20effect%20on%20blood%20sugar). And some ingredients could help [better process cholesterol](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/how-does-caffeine-reduce-heart-disease-risk#Caffeine-blocks-SREBP2-activation), possibly contributing to protecting against negative outcomes. More research is needed to understand what components of coffee have beneficial health effects.\n\n**CNN: How much coffee is good for you?**\n\n**Wen:** Many of these studies found positive health effects at a moderate level of consumption, which is generally defined as between two and four cups of coffee per day.\n\nIn the 2024 UK study, the risk of developing multiple new cardiometabolic diseases was reduced by over [48%](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2024\/09\/17\/health\/caffeine-heart-health-study-wellness\/index.html) for those who had three cups of coffee per day compared with those who didn’t drink or who drank less than one cup a day.\n\nAccording to a [large 2022 study](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2022\/09\/29\/health\/coffee-live-longer-wellness\/index.html), the biggest decline in early mortality was seen for those who drank two to three cups of coffee a day. Interestingly, this study found that ground coffee consumption lowered the risk of early death the most (27%). Instant coffee had less of an effect (11%).\n\n**CNN: How much coffee is too much?**\n\n**Wen:** The concern with too much coffee is about consuming too much caffeine, which can cause heart palpitations, anxiety, restlessness and difficulty sleeping. According to the US Food and Drug Administration, [400 milligrams of caffeine](https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/spilling-beans-how-much-caffeine-too-much#:~:text=For%20most%20adults%2C%20the%20FDA,eliminate%20it%20from%20the%20body.) per day is safe for most adults. That is approximately the amount in four 8-ounce cups of brewed coffee.\n\nMany people exceed this amount and experience no ill effects. But people who have [sleep difficulties](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/health\/life-but-better\/sleep) or other problems should be aware that these could be due to caffeine consumption.\n\n**CNN: What about caffeine from espresso, teas and sodas?**\n\n**Wen:** One 1-ounce shot of espresso contains around [60 to 70 milligrams](https:\/\/www.cspinet.org\/caffeine-chart) of caffeine. [A cup of black tea](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/caffeine-in-tea-vs-coffee#caffeine-content) typically has 40 to 50 milligrams of caffeine but can have as much as 90 milligrams. Green teas and white teas will have less caffeine. Sodas also vary in caffeine content, but typically a [12-ounce serving](https:\/\/www.cspinet.org\/caffeine-chart#soda) will have 3 milligrams to 70 milligrams of caffeine.\n\nOther drinks I want to be sure to flag are energy drinks. These drinks can [contain large amounts of caffeine](https:\/\/www.cspinet.org\/caffeine-chart#energy_drink), often packing 200 or even 300 milligrams in one serving. People should be aware of the total amount of caffeine and other ingredients they are consuming through the day for all these different beverages. Sodas and [energy drinks](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2024\/09\/09\/health\/energy-drinks-caffeine-dangers-wellness\/index.html) can contain a lot of added sugars, for instance, along with other chemicals that are not good for your health.\n\n**CNN: Should some people be especially careful about coffee consumption?**\n\n**Wen:** Yes. The American Academy of Pediatrics [recommends](https:\/\/www.seattlechildrens.org\/healthy-tides\/why-kids-and-teens-should-avoid-energy-drinks\/) that children under 12 do not consume caffeine. Children ages [12 to 18](https:\/\/www.seattlechildrens.org\/healthy-tides\/why-kids-and-teens-should-avoid-energy-drinks\/#:~:text=The%20American%20Academy%20of%20Pediatrics,one%20standard%20cup%20of%20coffee.) should not exceed 100 milligrams of caffeine per day.\n\nPregnant women should also be cautious about caffeine intake. According to the [American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists](https:\/\/www.acog.org\/womens-health\/experts-and-stories\/ask-acog\/how-much-coffee-can-i-drink-while-pregnant#:~:text=Research%20suggests%20that%20moderate%20caffeine,energy%20drinks%2C%20and%20soft%20drinks.), less than 200 milligrams a day is not associated with miscarriage or preterm birth; it [recommends](https:\/\/www.acog.org\/womens-health\/faqs\/having-a-baby) limiting intake to under this amount during pregnancy. Small amounts of caffeine can pass from the breastfeeding mother to infant, but less than [300 milligrams a day](https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/breastfeeding-special-circumstances\/hcp\/diet-micronutrients\/maternal-diet.html) should be safe for breastfeeding women, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\n\nOther people who should use caution include those with underlying heart conditions and those who use [medications](https:\/\/www.health.harvard.edu\/staying-healthy\/rethinking-your-morning-coffee) that could make someone more sensitive to the effects of caffeine, such as certain thyroid and antidepressant medications.\n\nIn addition, people who have trouble sleeping should consider limiting their caffeine intake to the morning hours. Those who have questions about their specific medical circumstances should consult a health care provider.\n\n**CNN: What about those who don’t drink coffee? Can they get similar benefits from tea or other caffeinated beverages?**\n\n**Wen:** This is an interesting question. It’s not known at this time whether the health benefit from coffee is from the caffeine in the coffee, which could be replicated through non-coffee drinks, or whether they are intrinsic to what’s in the coffee itself.\n\nThere may be benefits to drinking tea, whether it contains a large amount of caffeine or not. [Some studies](https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2022\/08\/30\/health\/black-tea-health-benefits-wellness\/index.html#:~:text=) have found that drinking tea is also associated with lower mortality and lower risk of some diseases. This benefit does not apply to other caffeine-containing drinks like energy drinks and sodas; whatever benefit the caffeine in these drinks could have would likely be negated by the negative health impacts of added sugars and other chemicals.\n\nIn short, my takeaway from these studies about coffee isn’t that everyone needs to drink it. Adults who do probably have some health benefit if they drink it in moderation. Everyone needs to be aware of the total caffeine intake they have, and there are people — notably young children — who really should not be consuming caffeine.","meta_canonical":null}

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Meta Title	How much coffee is too much, according to a doctor \| CNN
Meta Description	Studies show coffee can be beneficial, but researchers are unsure if it’s what’s in the caffeine or the coffee itself. A doctor explains what’s safe for most people.
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Boilerpipe Text	Unable to load video Please try again later. Error occurred while fetching labs Video Ad Feedback What you should know about caffeine 02:07 • Source: CNN What you should know about caffeine 02:07 Get inspired by a weekly roundup on living well, made simple. Sign up for CNN’s Life, But Better newsletter for information and tools designed to improve your well-being. CNN — With millions sipping their morning coffee to start the day, recent research has generated new buzz about caffeine consumption. A large UK study from September found that moderate caffeine consumption from coffee or tea reduced the risk of developing multiple cardiometabolic diseases such as heart disease, stroke and diabetes. Another study , published in January, concluded that drinking coffee in the morning was especially beneficial in reducing cardiovascular disease and premature death. That’s nice to know, but what is the evidence for coffee’s health benefits? And what is the underlying physiological basis of these benefits? How much coffee is good for most people, according to these studies — and how much is too much? Should some people be especially careful about coffee consumption? And if you don’t like coffee, are there similar benefits from drinking tea or other beverages? Ad Feedback Ad Feedback To help with these questions, I spoke with CNN wellness expert Dr. Leana Wen. Wen is an emergency physician and adjunct associate professor at George Washington University. She previously was Baltimore’s health commissioner. CNN: What’s the evidence for coffee’s health benefits, and what is the underlying physiological basis of these benefits? Dr. Leana Wen: The evidence is quite strong. In addition to the recent studies, a plethora of research over decades has found that moderate consumption of coffee is associated with lowering the risk of developing multiple diseases, including heart disease, diabetes, certain cancers and even dementia. Exactly why this is the case is not known, though there are several hypotheses. For instance, coffee contains chemicals that are thought to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, perhaps contributing to its effect on reducing cancer risk . Substances contained in coffee could help the body better use insulin and assist with blood sugar control . And some ingredients could help better process cholesterol , possibly contributing to protecting against negative outcomes. More research is needed to understand what components of coffee have beneficial health effects. CNN: How much coffee is good for you? Wen: Many of these studies found positive health effects at a moderate level of consumption, which is generally defined as between two and four cups of coffee per day. In the 2024 UK study, the risk of developing multiple new cardiometabolic diseases was reduced by over 48% for those who had three cups of coffee per day compared with those who didn’t drink or who drank less than one cup a day. According to a large 2022 study , the biggest decline in early mortality was seen for those who drank two to three cups of coffee a day. Interestingly, this study found that ground coffee consumption lowered the risk of early death the most (27%). Instant coffee had less of an effect (11%). CNN: How much coffee is too much? Wen: The concern with too much coffee is about consuming too much caffeine, which can cause heart palpitations, anxiety, restlessness and difficulty sleeping. According to the US Food and Drug Administration, 400 milligrams of caffeine per day is safe for most adults. That is approximately the amount in four 8-ounce cups of brewed coffee. Many people exceed this amount and experience no ill effects. But people who have sleep difficulties or other problems should be aware that these could be due to caffeine consumption. CNN: What about caffeine from espresso, teas and sodas? Wen: One 1-ounce shot of espresso contains around 60 to 70 milligrams of caffeine. A cup of black tea typically has 40 to 50 milligrams of caffeine but can have as much as 90 milligrams. Green teas and white teas will have less caffeine. Sodas also vary in caffeine content, but typically a 12-ounce serving will have 3 milligrams to 70 milligrams of caffeine. Other drinks I want to be sure to flag are energy drinks. These drinks can contain large amounts of caffeine , often packing 200 or even 300 milligrams in one serving. People should be aware of the total amount of caffeine and other ingredients they are consuming through the day for all these different beverages. Sodas and energy drinks can contain a lot of added sugars, for instance, along with other chemicals that are not good for your health. CNN: Should some people be especially careful about coffee consumption? Wen: Yes. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that children under 12 do not consume caffeine. Children ages 12 to 18 should not exceed 100 milligrams of caffeine per day. Pregnant women should also be cautious about caffeine intake. According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists , less than 200 milligrams a day is not associated with miscarriage or preterm birth; it recommends limiting intake to under this amount during pregnancy. Small amounts of caffeine can pass from the breastfeeding mother to infant, but less than 300 milligrams a day should be safe for breastfeeding women, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Other people who should use caution include those with underlying heart conditions and those who use medications that could make someone more sensitive to the effects of caffeine, such as certain thyroid and antidepressant medications. In addition, people who have trouble sleeping should consider limiting their caffeine intake to the morning hours. Those who have questions about their specific medical circumstances should consult a health care provider. CNN: What about those who don’t drink coffee? Can they get similar benefits from tea or other caffeinated beverages? Wen: This is an interesting question. It’s not known at this time whether the health benefit from coffee is from the caffeine in the coffee, which could be replicated through non-coffee drinks, or whether they are intrinsic to what’s in the coffee itself. There may be benefits to drinking tea, whether it contains a large amount of caffeine or not. Some studies have found that drinking tea is also associated with lower mortality and lower risk of some diseases. This benefit does not apply to other caffeine-containing drinks like energy drinks and sodas; whatever benefit the caffeine in these drinks could have would likely be negated by the negative health impacts of added sugars and other chemicals. In short, my takeaway from these studies about coffee isn’t that everyone needs to drink it. Adults who do probably have some health benefit if they drink it in moderation. Everyone needs to be aware of the total caffeine intake they have, and there are people — notably young children — who really should not be consuming caffeine.
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Follow: Food & health [See your latest updates](https://www.cnn.com/follow?iid=follow_see_all_article&source=acq_web_experiments_follow_card-social-bar-all) Unable to load video Please try again later. Error occurred while fetching labs Subtitles - Off Video Ad Feedback What you should know about caffeine 02:07 • Source: [CNN](https://www.cnn.com/) What you should know about caffeine 02:07 Get inspired by a weekly roundup on living well, made simple. Sign up for [CNN’s Life, But Better newsletter](https://www.cnn.com/newsletters/life-but-better?source=nl-acq_article) for information and tools designed to improve your well-being. CNN — With millions sipping their morning coffee to start the day, recent research has generated new buzz about caffeine consumption. [A large UK study](https://www.cnn.com/2024/09/17/health/caffeine-heart-health-study-wellness/index.html) from September found that moderate caffeine consumption from coffee or tea reduced the risk of developing multiple cardiometabolic diseases such as heart disease, stroke and diabetes. [Another study](https://www.cnn.com/2025/01/07/health/coffee-drinking-timing-death-risk-wellness/index.html), published in January, concluded that drinking coffee in the morning was especially beneficial in reducing cardiovascular disease and premature death. [![20250120-May I recommend… hanging-out-in-coffee-shops-gfx-finals2.jpg](https://www.cnn.com/media/sites/cnn/cnn-fallback-image.jpg) Photo Illustration by Jason Lancaster/CNN/Getty Images Related article Viva la coffee shop: Why we need to meet up in them, now\!](https://www.cnn.com/2025/01/20/health/recommend-coffee-shops-wellness) That’s nice to know, but what is the evidence for coffee’s health benefits? And what is the underlying physiological basis of these benefits? How much coffee is good for most people, according to these studies — and how much is too much? Should some people be especially careful about coffee consumption? And if you don’t like coffee, are there similar benefits from drinking tea or other beverages? Ad Feedback Ad Feedback To help with these questions, I spoke with CNN wellness expert Dr. Leana Wen. Wen is an emergency physician and adjunct associate professor at George Washington University. She previously was Baltimore’s health commissioner. CNN: What’s the evidence for coffee’s health benefits, and what is the underlying physiological basis of these benefits? Dr. Leana Wen: The evidence is quite strong. In addition to the recent studies, a plethora of [research over decades](https://www.cnn.com/2022/09/29/health/coffee-live-longer-wellness/index.html) has found that moderate consumption of coffee is associated with lowering the risk of developing multiple diseases, including heart disease, diabetes, certain cancers and even dementia. Exactly why this is the case is not known, though there are several hypotheses. For instance, coffee contains chemicals that are thought to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, perhaps contributing to its effect on [reducing cancer risk](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8562048/#:~:text=A%20significant%20number%20of%20studies,%2C%20kahweol%2C%20and%20chlorogenic%20acids.). Substances contained in coffee could help the body better use insulin and assist with [blood sugar control](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/type-2-diabetes/expert-answers/blood-sugar/faq-20057941#:~:text=If%20you%20have%20diabetes%2C%20caffeine,significant%20effect%20on%20blood%20sugar). And some ingredients could help [better process cholesterol](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/how-does-caffeine-reduce-heart-disease-risk#Caffeine-blocks-SREBP2-activation), possibly contributing to protecting against negative outcomes. More research is needed to understand what components of coffee have beneficial health effects. [![Coffee Culture Still Life. Electric Coffee Grinder Full Of Organic Arabica Coffee Beans Against Reusable Mug, Ambient Light, High Angle View, Copy Space](https://www.cnn.com/media/sites/cnn/cnn-fallback-image.jpg) Coffee Culture Still Life. Electric Coffee Grinder Full Of Organic Arabica Coffee Beans Against Reusable Mug, Ambient Light, High Angle View, Copy Space Elena Popova/Moment RF/Getty Images Related article Study seems to confirm secret ingredient for better coffee](https://www.cnn.com/2023/12/25/world/perfect-coffee-water-ross-droplet-technique-wellness-scn) CNN: How much coffee is good for you? Wen: Many of these studies found positive health effects at a moderate level of consumption, which is generally defined as between two and four cups of coffee per day. In the 2024 UK study, the risk of developing multiple new cardiometabolic diseases was reduced by over [48%](https://www.cnn.com/2024/09/17/health/caffeine-heart-health-study-wellness/index.html) for those who had three cups of coffee per day compared with those who didn’t drink or who drank less than one cup a day. According to a [large 2022 study](https://www.cnn.com/2022/09/29/health/coffee-live-longer-wellness/index.html), the biggest decline in early mortality was seen for those who drank two to three cups of coffee a day. Interestingly, this study found that ground coffee consumption lowered the risk of early death the most (27%). Instant coffee had less of an effect (11%). ![Many studies have found positive health effects of coffee at a moderate level of consumption.](https://www.cnn.com/media/sites/cnn/cnn-fallback-image.jpg) Many studies have found positive health effects of coffee at a moderate level of consumption. Halfpoint/iStockphoto/Getty Images CNN: How much coffee is too much? Wen: The concern with too much coffee is about consuming too much caffeine, which can cause heart palpitations, anxiety, restlessness and difficulty sleeping. According to the US Food and Drug Administration, [400 milligrams of caffeine](https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/spilling-beans-how-much-caffeine-too-much#:~:text=For%20most%20adults%2C%20the%20FDA,eliminate%20it%20from%20the%20body.) per day is safe for most adults. That is approximately the amount in four 8-ounce cups of brewed coffee. Many people exceed this amount and experience no ill effects. But people who have [sleep difficulties](https://www.cnn.com/health/life-but-better/sleep) or other problems should be aware that these could be due to caffeine consumption. [![Cafe lifestyle. Waking up in the morning with fresh coffee, good weather and summer mood. Natural and beautiful morning sun light.](https://www.cnn.com/media/sites/cnn/cnn-fallback-image.jpg) Cafe lifestyle. Waking up in the morning with fresh coffee, good weather and summer mood. Natural and beautiful morning sun light. Oleg Breslavtsev/Moment RF/Getty Images Related article Dark roasted and dangerous: Everything you should know about caffeine intoxication](https://www.cnn.com/2024/03/11/health/what-is-caffeine-intoxication-wellness) CNN: What about caffeine from espresso, teas and sodas? Wen: One 1-ounce shot of espresso contains around [60 to 70 milligrams](https://www.cspinet.org/caffeine-chart) of caffeine. [A cup of black tea](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/caffeine-in-tea-vs-coffee#caffeine-content) typically has 40 to 50 milligrams of caffeine but can have as much as 90 milligrams. Green teas and white teas will have less caffeine. Sodas also vary in caffeine content, but typically a [12-ounce serving](https://www.cspinet.org/caffeine-chart#soda) will have 3 milligrams to 70 milligrams of caffeine. Other drinks I want to be sure to flag are energy drinks. These drinks can [contain large amounts of caffeine](https://www.cspinet.org/caffeine-chart#energy_drink), often packing 200 or even 300 milligrams in one serving. People should be aware of the total amount of caffeine and other ingredients they are consuming through the day for all these different beverages. Sodas and [energy drinks](https://www.cnn.com/2024/09/09/health/energy-drinks-caffeine-dangers-wellness/index.html) can contain a lot of added sugars, for instance, along with other chemicals that are not good for your health. [![Here's what experts think you should know about the safety of decaf coffee.](https://www.cnn.com/media/sites/cnn/cnn-fallback-image.jpg) Here's what experts think you should know about the safety of decaf coffee. Yulia-Images/Moment RF/Getty Images Related article Is decaf coffee safe to drink? Experts weigh in on claims by health advocacy groups](https://www.cnn.com/2024/04/04/health/decaf-coffee-methylene-chloride-cancer-wellness) CNN: Should some people be especially careful about coffee consumption? Wen: Yes. The American Academy of Pediatrics [recommends](https://www.seattlechildrens.org/healthy-tides/why-kids-and-teens-should-avoid-energy-drinks/) that children under 12 do not consume caffeine. Children ages [12 to 18](https://www.seattlechildrens.org/healthy-tides/why-kids-and-teens-should-avoid-energy-drinks/#:~:text=The%20American%20Academy%20of%20Pediatrics,one%20standard%20cup%20of%20coffee.) should not exceed 100 milligrams of caffeine per day. Pregnant women should also be cautious about caffeine intake. According to the [American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists](https://www.acog.org/womens-health/experts-and-stories/ask-acog/how-much-coffee-can-i-drink-while-pregnant#:~:text=Research%20suggests%20that%20moderate%20caffeine,energy%20drinks%2C%20and%20soft%20drinks.), less than 200 milligrams a day is not associated with miscarriage or preterm birth; it [recommends](https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/having-a-baby) limiting intake to under this amount during pregnancy. Small amounts of caffeine can pass from the breastfeeding mother to infant, but less than [300 milligrams a day](https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding-special-circumstances/hcp/diet-micronutrients/maternal-diet.html) should be safe for breastfeeding women, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Other people who should use caution include those with underlying heart conditions and those who use [medications](https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/rethinking-your-morning-coffee) that could make someone more sensitive to the effects of caffeine, such as certain thyroid and antidepressant medications. In addition, people who have trouble sleeping should consider limiting their caffeine intake to the morning hours. Those who have questions about their specific medical circumstances should consult a health care provider. [![coffee health effects wellness STOCK](https://www.cnn.com/media/sites/cnn/cnn-fallback-image.jpg) Westend61/Getty Images Related article Coffee drinkers get more steps but also less sleep, study finds](https://www.cnn.com/2023/03/27/health/coffee-fitness-sleep-heart-effects-wellness) CNN: What about those who don’t drink coffee? Can they get similar benefits from tea or other caffeinated beverages? Wen: This is an interesting question. It’s not known at this time whether the health benefit from coffee is from the caffeine in the coffee, which could be replicated through non-coffee drinks, or whether they are intrinsic to what’s in the coffee itself. [![Top view of young couple having a good time, toasting with a cup of coffee and tea over a rustic wooden dining table in a cafe, enjoying a celebration event](https://www.cnn.com/media/sites/cnn/cnn-fallback-image.jpg) Top view of young couple having a good time, toasting with a cup of coffee and tea over a rustic wooden dining table in a cafe, enjoying a celebration event d3sign/Moment RF/Getty Images Related article New research reveals how coffee and tea can affect risk of early death for adults with diabetes](https://www.cnn.com/2023/04/19/health/coffee-tea-lower-mortality-type-2-diabetes-wellness) There may be benefits to drinking tea, whether it contains a large amount of caffeine or not. [Some studies](https://www.cnn.com/2022/08/30/health/black-tea-health-benefits-wellness/index.html#:~:text=) have found that drinking tea is also associated with lower mortality and lower risk of some diseases. This benefit does not apply to other caffeine-containing drinks like energy drinks and sodas; whatever benefit the caffeine in these drinks could have would likely be negated by the negative health impacts of added sugars and other chemicals. In short, my takeaway from these studies about coffee isn’t that everyone needs to drink it. Adults who do probably have some health benefit if they drink it in moderation. Everyone needs to be aware of the total caffeine intake they have, and there are people — notably young children — who really should not be consuming caffeine. 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Readable Markdown	Unable to load video Please try again later. Error occurred while fetching labs Video Ad Feedback What you should know about caffeine 02:07 • Source: [CNN](https://www.cnn.com/) What you should know about caffeine 02:07 Get inspired by a weekly roundup on living well, made simple. Sign up for [CNN’s Life, But Better newsletter](https://www.cnn.com/newsletters/life-but-better?source=nl-acq_article) for information and tools designed to improve your well-being. CNN — With millions sipping their morning coffee to start the day, recent research has generated new buzz about caffeine consumption. [A large UK study](https://www.cnn.com/2024/09/17/health/caffeine-heart-health-study-wellness/index.html) from September found that moderate caffeine consumption from coffee or tea reduced the risk of developing multiple cardiometabolic diseases such as heart disease, stroke and diabetes. [Another study](https://www.cnn.com/2025/01/07/health/coffee-drinking-timing-death-risk-wellness/index.html), published in January, concluded that drinking coffee in the morning was especially beneficial in reducing cardiovascular disease and premature death. That’s nice to know, but what is the evidence for coffee’s health benefits? And what is the underlying physiological basis of these benefits? How much coffee is good for most people, according to these studies — and how much is too much? Should some people be especially careful about coffee consumption? And if you don’t like coffee, are there similar benefits from drinking tea or other beverages? Ad Feedback Ad Feedback To help with these questions, I spoke with CNN wellness expert Dr. Leana Wen. Wen is an emergency physician and adjunct associate professor at George Washington University. She previously was Baltimore’s health commissioner. CNN: What’s the evidence for coffee’s health benefits, and what is the underlying physiological basis of these benefits? Dr. Leana Wen: The evidence is quite strong. In addition to the recent studies, a plethora of [research over decades](https://www.cnn.com/2022/09/29/health/coffee-live-longer-wellness/index.html) has found that moderate consumption of coffee is associated with lowering the risk of developing multiple diseases, including heart disease, diabetes, certain cancers and even dementia. Exactly why this is the case is not known, though there are several hypotheses. For instance, coffee contains chemicals that are thought to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, perhaps contributing to its effect on [reducing cancer risk](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8562048/#:~:text=A%20significant%20number%20of%20studies,%2C%20kahweol%2C%20and%20chlorogenic%20acids.). Substances contained in coffee could help the body better use insulin and assist with [blood sugar control](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/type-2-diabetes/expert-answers/blood-sugar/faq-20057941#:~:text=If%20you%20have%20diabetes%2C%20caffeine,significant%20effect%20on%20blood%20sugar). And some ingredients could help [better process cholesterol](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/how-does-caffeine-reduce-heart-disease-risk#Caffeine-blocks-SREBP2-activation), possibly contributing to protecting against negative outcomes. More research is needed to understand what components of coffee have beneficial health effects. CNN: How much coffee is good for you? Wen: Many of these studies found positive health effects at a moderate level of consumption, which is generally defined as between two and four cups of coffee per day. In the 2024 UK study, the risk of developing multiple new cardiometabolic diseases was reduced by over [48%](https://www.cnn.com/2024/09/17/health/caffeine-heart-health-study-wellness/index.html) for those who had three cups of coffee per day compared with those who didn’t drink or who drank less than one cup a day. According to a [large 2022 study](https://www.cnn.com/2022/09/29/health/coffee-live-longer-wellness/index.html), the biggest decline in early mortality was seen for those who drank two to three cups of coffee a day. Interestingly, this study found that ground coffee consumption lowered the risk of early death the most (27%). Instant coffee had less of an effect (11%). CNN: How much coffee is too much? Wen: The concern with too much coffee is about consuming too much caffeine, which can cause heart palpitations, anxiety, restlessness and difficulty sleeping. According to the US Food and Drug Administration, [400 milligrams of caffeine](https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/spilling-beans-how-much-caffeine-too-much#:~:text=For%20most%20adults%2C%20the%20FDA,eliminate%20it%20from%20the%20body.) per day is safe for most adults. That is approximately the amount in four 8-ounce cups of brewed coffee. Many people exceed this amount and experience no ill effects. But people who have [sleep difficulties](https://www.cnn.com/health/life-but-better/sleep) or other problems should be aware that these could be due to caffeine consumption. CNN: What about caffeine from espresso, teas and sodas? Wen: One 1-ounce shot of espresso contains around [60 to 70 milligrams](https://www.cspinet.org/caffeine-chart) of caffeine. [A cup of black tea](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/caffeine-in-tea-vs-coffee#caffeine-content) typically has 40 to 50 milligrams of caffeine but can have as much as 90 milligrams. Green teas and white teas will have less caffeine. Sodas also vary in caffeine content, but typically a [12-ounce serving](https://www.cspinet.org/caffeine-chart#soda) will have 3 milligrams to 70 milligrams of caffeine. Other drinks I want to be sure to flag are energy drinks. These drinks can [contain large amounts of caffeine](https://www.cspinet.org/caffeine-chart#energy_drink), often packing 200 or even 300 milligrams in one serving. People should be aware of the total amount of caffeine and other ingredients they are consuming through the day for all these different beverages. Sodas and [energy drinks](https://www.cnn.com/2024/09/09/health/energy-drinks-caffeine-dangers-wellness/index.html) can contain a lot of added sugars, for instance, along with other chemicals that are not good for your health. CNN: Should some people be especially careful about coffee consumption? Wen: Yes. The American Academy of Pediatrics [recommends](https://www.seattlechildrens.org/healthy-tides/why-kids-and-teens-should-avoid-energy-drinks/) that children under 12 do not consume caffeine. Children ages [12 to 18](https://www.seattlechildrens.org/healthy-tides/why-kids-and-teens-should-avoid-energy-drinks/#:~:text=The%20American%20Academy%20of%20Pediatrics,one%20standard%20cup%20of%20coffee.) should not exceed 100 milligrams of caffeine per day. Pregnant women should also be cautious about caffeine intake. According to the [American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists](https://www.acog.org/womens-health/experts-and-stories/ask-acog/how-much-coffee-can-i-drink-while-pregnant#:~:text=Research%20suggests%20that%20moderate%20caffeine,energy%20drinks%2C%20and%20soft%20drinks.), less than 200 milligrams a day is not associated with miscarriage or preterm birth; it [recommends](https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/having-a-baby) limiting intake to under this amount during pregnancy. Small amounts of caffeine can pass from the breastfeeding mother to infant, but less than [300 milligrams a day](https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding-special-circumstances/hcp/diet-micronutrients/maternal-diet.html) should be safe for breastfeeding women, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Other people who should use caution include those with underlying heart conditions and those who use [medications](https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/rethinking-your-morning-coffee) that could make someone more sensitive to the effects of caffeine, such as certain thyroid and antidepressant medications. In addition, people who have trouble sleeping should consider limiting their caffeine intake to the morning hours. Those who have questions about their specific medical circumstances should consult a health care provider. CNN: What about those who don’t drink coffee? Can they get similar benefits from tea or other caffeinated beverages? Wen: This is an interesting question. It’s not known at this time whether the health benefit from coffee is from the caffeine in the coffee, which could be replicated through non-coffee drinks, or whether they are intrinsic to what’s in the coffee itself. There may be benefits to drinking tea, whether it contains a large amount of caffeine or not. [Some studies](https://www.cnn.com/2022/08/30/health/black-tea-health-benefits-wellness/index.html#:~:text=) have found that drinking tea is also associated with lower mortality and lower risk of some diseases. This benefit does not apply to other caffeine-containing drinks like energy drinks and sodas; whatever benefit the caffeine in these drinks could have would likely be negated by the negative health impacts of added sugars and other chemicals. In short, my takeaway from these studies about coffee isn’t that everyone needs to drink it. Adults who do probably have some health benefit if they drink it in moderation. Everyone needs to be aware of the total caffeine intake they have, and there are people — notably young children — who really should not be consuming caffeine.
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