🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 75 (from laksa038)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa075.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/i/ild\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/i/ild\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/health\/i\/ild","crawl_time":1776021532,"first_indexed_time":1468396424,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"org,cincinnatichildrens!www,\/health\/i\/ild s443","src_root_hash":"17469835278128144075","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Childhood Interstitial Lung Disease | Symptoms & Treatment","meta_descriptions":["Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a group of disorders that affect the lungs. Learn about symptoms, diagnosis, types and treatment."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Share\nPrint\nInterstitial lung disease (ILD) includes a large group of disorders that affect the interstitium part of the lung. The interstitium lies between the alveolar sacs in the lung where gas exchange occurs. The small air tubes (called bronchioles) may also be affected.\nIn ILD, the interstitium can be abnormal due to:\nScar tissue (called pulmonary fibrosis)\nBuild-up of too many or different cells\nInjuries or changes to the lung structure\nILD is uncommon in children.\nWhat are the Signs and Symptoms of ILD?\nFast breathing (called tachypnea)\nSinking in of the areas below the ribs, between the ribs, and in the neck with breathing (called retractions)\nAbnormally low amount of oxygen in the blood (called low oxygen saturations)\nCrackle sounds in the lungs that are heard with a stethoscope\nChronic cough\nShortness of breath, which might include trouble with exercise or physical activity\nProblems growing and gaining weight\nReflux\n(food or drink travels from the stomach up the esophagus to the throat or mouth)\nMany episodes of\npneumonia\n \nChest CT scans that show abnormalities throughout both lungs\nMost children with ILD show respiratory symptoms all the time, even when there is not an infection present. Children with ILD may have only some of the symptoms.\nHow is ILD Diagnosed?\nVisits with a lung doctor (called a pulmonologist)\nTests may be done to make sure your child does not have\ncystic fibrosis\n, a lung infection, heart problems or other health problems\nTesting for ILD may include one or all of the following:\nBlood tests\nBronchoscopy\nHigh-resolution chest CT scan\nPulmonary function tests or infant pulmonary function tests\nLung biopsy\nDecisions about specific testing may depend on:\nThe age of the child\nOther medical problems\nHow long symptoms have been there\nHow bad the symptoms are\nWhether the symptoms are getting better or getting worse\nHistory of ILD in family members \nWhat Disorders are Associated with ILD?\nConnective-tissue diseases (also called collagen vascular disease)\nPulmonary hemorrhage syndromes, including capillaritis, Goodpasture’s syndrome, or vasculitis\nLangerhans cell histiocytosis\nSarcoidosis\nStorage disorders\nLymphoproliferative disorders\nEosinophilic disorders\nNeurocutaneous Syndromes\nWhat are the Types of ILD in Children?\nSome types of ILD common for infants and young children include:\nDisorders of lung development and lung growth:\nAlveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of the pulmonary veins\nPulmonary hypoplasia\nBronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)\nPulmonary interstitial glycogenosis (PIG)\nNeuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy (NEHI)\nDisorders of surfactant production or alveolar proteinosis due to SP-B genetic mutations, SP-C genetic mutations, ABCA-3 genetic mutations, NKX2-1 genetic mutations, GMCSF receptor deficiency, or lysinuric protein intolerance, or others\nCertain surfactant disorders can also occur in older children and adults.\nOther types of ILD can start at any age.\nSome ILD disorders occur along with other medical problems, meaning parts of the body other than the lung are also likely to be affected.\nSome ILD disorders may be due to problems with the function of the immune system.\nAutoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis due to auto-antibodies to GM-CSF\nFollicular bronchiolitis \/ lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis, constrictive bronchiolitis, or lymphoproliferative disorder are often related to immunodeficiency\nSome ILD disorders may occur due to lung injuries.\nAspiration\nHypersensitivity pneumonitis\nBronchiolitis obliterans\nSome disorders are due to problems with blood vessels or lymphatic vessels and can look like ILD.\nLymphangiomatosis, lymphangiectasia, and\nlymphatic malformations\n \nVeno-occlusive disease\nPulmonary arterial vasculopathy\nHow is ILD Treated?\nDifferent treatments are used for different types of ILD. Understanding the cause is important to decide on treatment. Some treatments may include:\nMore oxygen (not every child needs it)\nMore nutrition to help gain weight and growth\nFlu shot every year to lower the chance of getting infections\nDifferent medications, depending on the type of ILD\nLast Updated\n10\/2025\nReviewed By\nLaura Bellew, RN\nMeet the specialists in the Pediatric Rare Lung Diseases Program. ","attrs_markdown":"- [Schedule an Appointment](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/schedule-appointment \"Schedule an appointment. \")\n- [Directions](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/locations \"View locations and directions. \")\n- [International](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/patients\/visit\/international \"Resources for international patients. \")\n- [Billing](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/patient-resources\/billing \"Pay Your Bill.\")\n- [Sign in to MyChart](https:\/\/mychart.cincinnatichildrens.org\/mychart\/ \"SIgn in to mychart.\")\n- [Ways to Help](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/giving)\n- [Donate Now](https:\/\/giving.cincinnatichildrens.org\/campaign\/650825\/donate?c_src=home&c_src2=header \"Give now to Cincinnati Children's\")\n\n[![Cincinnati Childrens](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/-\/media\/Cincinnati-Childrens\/Global-Shared\/childrens-logo-new.png?iar=0&mh=500&mw=800&hash=5ADA5787771D5041476990853A1522AD)](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/)\n\n##### Navigation\n- [Patients and Families](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/)\n  [Patients and Family Home](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/patients \"Patients and Families home page. \")[Schedule an Appointment](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/schedule-appointment \"Schedule an appointment. \")[Services and Specialties](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/search\/services \"View our services and specialties. \")[Find a Doctor](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/search\/find-doctor \"Find a Doctor. \")[Visiting Cincinnati Children's](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/patients\/visit \"Helpful tips for visitors. \")[Health Library](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/search\/health-library \"View condition and treatment information. \")\n  \n  Additional Resources\n  \n  [Clinical Trials\/Research Studies](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/service\/c\/clinical-trials\/search-studies \"Find clinical trials and research studies. \")[Patient Resources](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/patients\/resources \"View hospital resources. \")[Ongoing Support Resources](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/ongoing-support-resources \"Ongoing Support Resources.\")\n- [Healthcare Professionals](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/professional\/)\n  [Healthcare Professionals Home](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/professional \"Healthcare professionals' home page. \")[Find a Doctor](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/search\/find-doctor \"Find a doctor. \")[Services and Specialties](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/search\/services \"View all institutes, divisions and centers at Cincinnati Children's.\")[Refer a Patient](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/professional\/referrals \"Refer your patient to Cincinnati Children's.\")[Clinical Laboratories](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/clinical-labs \"View clinical laboratories. \")[Clinical Trials](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/service\/c\/clinical-trials \"View clinical trials and research studies. \")\n  \n  Additional Resources\n  \n  [Browse Careers](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/careers \"Browse Careers. \")[Nursing](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/service\/n\/nursing \"Learn about nursing at Cincinnati Children's. \")[Provider Resources](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/professional\/resources \"View provider resources. \")[Subspecialty News and Innovation](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/professional\/subspecialist-news \"view Subspecialty News and Innovation.\")[Patient Resources](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/patients\/resources \"View patient resources. \")[Continuing Professional Education](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/professional\/continuing-education \"View continuing medical education opportunities. \")[Clinical Training Programs](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/education\/programs?ProgramCategory={4CF9F4D2-F1C1-417F-83B7-1148E6104EB9} \"View clinical education programs. \")[Provider Support Services](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/professional\/support-services \"View Provider Support Services.\")\n- [Researchers](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/research\/)\n  [Research Home](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/research \"Research home. \")[Find a Researcher](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/search\/find-researcher \"Find a researcher\")[Research Areas](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/search\/research \"Find research institutes, divisions, centers and labs at Cincinnati Children's.\")[Education and Training](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/education\/programs?ProgramCategory={B283C95C-3FD1-4DE6-8360-67F11E28FBB0} \"View research education and training programs. \")\n  \n  Additional Resources\n  \n  [Shared Facilities](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/search\/shared-facilities \"Learn more about the Shared Facilities at Cincinnati Children's.\")[Research Support Services](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/research\/support \"View research support services. \")[About Research](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/research\/about \"Learn more about why Cincinnati Children's is a powerhouse in when it comes to pediatric research..\")[Funded Training](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/education\/funded \"View funded training programs. \")[Browse Careers](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/careers \"View careers. \")\n- [Education and Training](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/education\/)\n  [Professional Education Home](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/education)[All Clinical Programs](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/education\/programs?ProgramCategory={4CF9F4D2-F1C1-417F-83B7-1148E6104EB9} \"View all of our clinical education programs.\")[All Research Programs](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/education\/programs?ProgramCategory={B283C95C-3FD1-4DE6-8360-67F11E28FBB0} \"View all of our research education programs.\")[Pediatric Residency Program](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/education\/clinical\/residency \"Learn more about our pediatric residency.\")[Masters, MD, PhD](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/education\/programs?ProgramType={696B4593-8E72-4537-AD7A-D6248D05DA5B} \"View our Masters, MD, PhD programs.\")[Fellowships](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/education\/programs?ProgramType={17C61AB8-6EE7-4864-83F3-C0B2F9B9E1E0} \"View all of our fellowship programs.\")[Residencies](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/education\/programs?ProgramType={844A246F-0E98-4D59-A7C7-DD01FCF3C18D} \"View our residency programs.\")[Student and Graduate Training](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/education\/programs?ProgramType={7D6630AD-0FBD-4E50-B929-6EC2FF1FA220} \"View our Student and Graduate Training programs.\")\n  \n  Additional Resources\n  \n  [Living in Cincinnati](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/careers\/cincinnati \"Learn more about life in Cincinnati.\")[Why Cincinnati Children's?](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/careers\/why \"Learn why people choose Cincinnati Children's.\")[Graduate Medical Education](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/education\/graduate-medical-education)[Continuing Professional Education](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/professional\/continuing-education \"View our continuing professional education options.\")[International Applicants](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/careers\/international \"View resources for international applicants.\")\n- [Search](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/health\/i\/ild#DropdownSearchLinkId230300e9925648269ceb4009926c1d07)\n- [I want to](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/health\/i\/ild)\n  [Sign in to MyChart](https:\/\/mychart.cincinnatichildrens.org\/mychart \"Sign in to MyChart - link will open in a new window. \")[Pay a Bill](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/patient-resources\/billing \"Pay a bill. \")[Schedule an Appointment](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/schedule-appointment \"Schedule an appointment. \")[Get an Online Second Opinion](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/schedule-appointment\/online-second-opinion \"Get an Online Second Opinion.\")[Obtain Medical Records](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/patient-resources\/obtain-medical-records \"Request medical records. \")[Find an Urgent Care](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/locations\/urgent-care \"Find an urgent care location. \")[Find a Specialty](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/search\/services \"Find services and specialties. \")[Find a Doctor](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/search\/find-doctor \"Find a doctor. \")[Find a Location](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/locations \"Find a location. \")[Browse Careers](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/careers \"Browse careers. \")[Make a Donation](https:\/\/giving.cincinnatichildrens.org\/campaign\/650825\/donate?c_src=home&c_src2=dropdown \"Make a Donation to Cincinnati Children's.\")\n\n[Schedule an Appointment](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/schedule-appointment \"Schedule an appointment. \")[Directions](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/locations \"View locations and directions. \")[International](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/patients\/visit\/international \"Resources for international patients. \")[Billing](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/patient-resources\/billing \"Pay Your Bill.\")[Sign in to MyChart](https:\/\/mychart.cincinnatichildrens.org\/mychart\/ \"SIgn in to mychart.\")[Ways to Help](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/giving)[Donate Now](https:\/\/giving.cincinnatichildrens.org\/campaign\/650825\/donate?c_src=home&c_src2=header \"Give now to Cincinnati Children's\")\n\nPopular search terms\n\n[Careers](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/search?q=Careers) [Urgent Care](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/search?q=%20Urgent%20Care) [MyChart](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/search?q=%20MyChart) [Neurology](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/search?q=%20Neurology) [Volunteer](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/search?q=%20Volunteer)\n\n# Health LibraryInterstitial Lung Disease\n- [Home](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/ \"Navigate to Home\")\n- [Health Library](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/search\/health-library \"Navigate to Health Library\")\n- [I](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/search\/health-library\/conditions\/alpha?alpha=I \"Navigate to I\")\n- Interstitial Lung Disease\n\nNavigate This Area\n\n##### Section Navigation\n[Close](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/health\/i\/ild)\n\n### [Rare Lung Diseases](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/service\/r\/rare-lung)\n- [Conditions Treated](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/service\/r\/rare-lung\/conditions \"Conditions Treated\")\n- [Treatments and Services](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/service\/r\/rare-lung\/treatments \"Treatments and Services\")\n- [What to Expect](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/service\/r\/rare-lung\/expect \"What to Expect\")\n- [Patient and Family Resources](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/service\/r\/rare-lung\/patient-resources \"Patient and Family Resources\")\n- [For Healthcare Professionals](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/service\/r\/rare-lung\/professionals \"For Healthcare Professionals\")\n- [Meet the Team](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/service\/r\/rare-lung\/team \"Meet the Team\")\n- [Contact Us](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/service\/r\/rare-lung\/contact \"Contact Us\")\n\n- [Share](mailto:?subject=Sharing%20Information%20from%20Cincinnati%20Children's&body=https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/health\/i\/ild)\n- [Print](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/health\/i\/ild)\n\n## What is Interstitial Lung Disease?\nInterstitial lung disease (ILD) includes a large group of disorders that affect the interstitium part of the lung. The interstitium lies between the alveolar sacs in the lung where gas exchange occurs. The small air tubes (called bronchioles) may also be affected.\n\nIn ILD, the interstitium can be abnormal due to:\n\n- Scar tissue (called pulmonary fibrosis)\n- Build-up of too many or different cells\n- Injuries or changes to the lung structure\n\nILD is uncommon in children.\n\n### What are the Signs and Symptoms of ILD?\n- Fast breathing (called tachypnea)\n- Sinking in of the areas below the ribs, between the ribs, and in the neck with breathing (called retractions)\n- Abnormally low amount of oxygen in the blood (called low oxygen saturations)\n- Crackle sounds in the lungs that are heard with a stethoscope\n- Chronic cough\n- Shortness of breath, which might include trouble with exercise or physical activity\n- Problems growing and gaining weight\n- [Reflux](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/health\/g\/ger-child \"Learn more about Reflux.\") (food or drink travels from the stomach up the esophagus to the throat or mouth)\n- Many episodes of [pneumonia](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/health\/p\/pneumonia \"Learn more about pneumonia.\")\n- Chest CT scans that show abnormalities throughout both lungs\n\nMost children with ILD show respiratory symptoms all the time, even when there is not an infection present. Children with ILD may have only some of the symptoms.\n\n### How is ILD Diagnosed?\n- Visits with a lung doctor (called a pulmonologist)\n- Tests may be done to make sure your child does not have [cystic fibrosis](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/health\/c\/cystic-fibrosis \"Learn more about cystic fibrosis.\"), a lung infection, heart problems or other health problems\n\nTesting for ILD may include one or all of the following:\n\n- Blood tests\n- [Bronchoscopy](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/service\/b\/bronchoscopy \"Learn more about Bronchoscopy.\")\n- High-resolution chest CT scan\n- Pulmonary function tests or infant pulmonary function tests\n- Lung biopsy\n\nDecisions about specific testing may depend on:\n\n- The age of the child\n- Other medical problems\n- How long symptoms have been there\n- How bad the symptoms are\n- Whether the symptoms are getting better or getting worse\n- History of ILD in family members\n### What Disorders are Associated with ILD?\n- Connective-tissue diseases (also called collagen vascular disease)\n- Pulmonary hemorrhage syndromes, including capillaritis, Goodpasture’s syndrome, or vasculitis\n- [Langerhans cell histiocytosis](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/health\/l\/langerhans-cell-histiocytosis-lch \"Learn more about Langerhans cell histiocytosis.\")\n- Sarcoidosis\n- Storage disorders\n- Lymphoproliferative disorders\n- Eosinophilic disorders\n- Neurocutaneous Syndromes\n### What are the Types of ILD in Children?\n#### Some types of ILD common for infants and young children include:\n- Disorders of lung development and lung growth:\n  - Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of the pulmonary veins\n  - Pulmonary hypoplasia\n  - [Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/health\/b\/bronchopulmonary-dysplasia \"Learn more about Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).\")\n- [Pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis (PIG)](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/health\/p\/pig \"Learn more about Pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis (PIG).\")\n- Neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy (NEHI)\n- Disorders of surfactant production or alveolar proteinosis due to SP-B genetic mutations, SP-C genetic mutations, ABCA-3 genetic mutations, NKX2-1 genetic mutations, GMCSF receptor deficiency, or lysinuric protein intolerance, or others\n  - Certain surfactant disorders can also occur in older children and adults.\n\nOther types of ILD can start at any age.\n\nSome ILD disorders occur along with other medical problems, meaning parts of the body other than the lung are also likely to be affected.\n\n#### Some ILD disorders may be due to problems with the function of the immune system.\n- Autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis due to auto-antibodies to GM-CSF\n- Follicular bronchiolitis \/ lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis, constrictive bronchiolitis, or lymphoproliferative disorder are often related to immunodeficiency\n#### Some ILD disorders may occur due to lung injuries.\n- [Aspiration](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/health\/c\/chronic-aspiration \"Learn more about Aspiration.\")\n- Hypersensitivity pneumonitis\n- Bronchiolitis obliterans\n#### Some disorders are due to problems with blood vessels or lymphatic vessels and can look like ILD.\n- Lymphangiomatosis, lymphangiectasia, and [lymphatic malformations](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/health\/l\/lymphatic-malformations \"Learn more about lymphatic malformations.\")\n- Veno-occlusive disease\n- Pulmonary arterial vasculopathy\n### How is ILD Treated?\nDifferent treatments are used for different types of ILD. Understanding the cause is important to decide on treatment. Some treatments may include:\n\n- More oxygen (not every child needs it)\n- More nutrition to help gain weight and growth\n- Flu shot every year to lower the chance of getting infections\n- Different medications, depending on the type of ILD\n\n**Last Updated** 10\/2025\n\n**Reviewed By** Laura Bellew, RN\n\n[![Meet the team. ](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/-\/media\/Cincinnati-Childrens\/Global-Shared\/icon-library\/teal-words\/teal-meet-the-team.jpg)](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/service\/r\/rare-lung\/team)\n\nMeet the specialists in the Pediatric Rare Lung Diseases Program.\n\n[![Contact us.](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/-\/media\/Cincinnati-Childrens\/Global-Shared\/icon-library\/pink-words\/pink-contact-us.jpg)](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/service\/r\/rare-lung\/contact \"Contact the Rare Lung Diseases Program.\")\n\n[![Cincinnati Childrens](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/-\/media\/Cincinnati-Childrens\/Global-Shared\/childrens-logo-new.png?iar=0&mh=500&mw=800&hash=5ADA5787771D5041476990853A1522AD)](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/ \"Cincinnati Childrens\")\n\n### Connect With Us\n[![Read the Cincinnati Children's Blog.](data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==)Patients & Family](https:\/\/blog.cincinnatichildrens.org\/ \"Cincinnati Childrens' Blog\")[![Read the Cincinnati Children's Science Blog.](data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==)Research & Science](https:\/\/scienceblog.cincinnatichildrens.org\/ \"Cincinnati Children's Science Blog\") [Young & Healthy Podcast](https:\/\/youngandhealthy.podbean.com\/ \"Cincinnati Childrens' Young and Healthy Podcast\")\n\n### Quick Links   [Quick Links](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/health\/i\/ild#audienceLinks)\n- [Schedule an Appointment](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/schedule-appointment \"Schedule an appointment at Cincinnati Children's.\")\n- [Make a Referral](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/professional\/referrals \"Refer a patient to Cincinnati Children's.\")\n- [Find an Urgent Care](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/locations\/urgent-care \"Find a Cincinnati Children's urgent care location.\")\n- [Find a Doctor](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/search\/find-doctor \"Find a doctor at Cincinnati Children's.\")\n- [Get an Online Second Opinion](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/schedule-appointment\/online-second-opinion \"Get an Online Second Opinion.\")\n- [Pay a Bill](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/patient-resources\/billing \"Find billing information.\")\n- [Price Transparency](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/patient-resources\/billing\/hospital-pricing \"Price Transparency.\")\n- [Sign In to MyChart](https:\/\/mychart.cincinnatichildrens.org\/mychart\/ \"Sign In to MyChart.\")\n- [Request Medical Records](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/patient-resources\/obtain-medical-records \"Request medical records from Cincinnati Children's.\")\n\n### Explore   [Explore](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/health\/i\/ild#yourChildrensLinks)\n- [Locations and Directions](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/locations \"Find a Cincinnati Children's location near you.\")\n- [Clinical Services](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/search\/services \"Find departments and services at Cincinnati Children's.\")\n- [Health Library](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/search\/health-library)\n- [Visitor and Patient Information](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/patients\/visit \"Find visitor and patient information.\")\n- [Clinical Trials](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/service\/c\/clinical-trials\/search-studies \"Find a clinical trial.\")\n- [Events](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/events \"Find events at Cincinnati Children's.\")\n\n### About Us   [About Us](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/health\/i\/ild#findChildrensLinks)\n- [About Cincinnati Children's](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/about \"Learn more about Cincinnati Children's.\")\n- [Careers](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/careers \"Find a career at Cincinnati Children's.\")\n- [Newsroom](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/news \"Read our recent news.\")\n- [Contact Us](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/contact \"Contact Cincinnati Children's.\")\n- [Download Our Cincinnati Children's App](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/patient-resources\/app \"Download our free smartphone Cincinnati Children's app.\")\n- [Terms of Use](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/site \"Learn more about our terms of use and privacy policies.\")\n- [Set Cookie Preferences]()\n- [Privacy and Data Security Notices](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/privacy-data-security-notices \"Learn more about our privacy and data security notices.\")\n- [Non-Discrimination Notice](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/-\/media\/Cincinnati-Childrens\/Global-Shared\/Navigation\/Footer-Nav\/PDF-non-discrimination-statement.pdf \"Download the Non-Discrimination Notice.\")\n\n[Give Today](https:\/\/giving.cincinnatichildrens.org\/campaign\/650825\/donate?c_src=home&c_src2=footer \"Donate to Cincinnati Children's. \")\n\n3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3026\n\n© 2026 Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. All rights reserved.\n\n[![U.S. News & World Report Honor Roll Badge for Top Children's Hospital.](data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==)](https:\/\/health.usnews.com\/health-news\/best-childrens-hospitals\/articles\/best-childrens-hospitals-honor-roll-and-overview \"Learn more about our 2025-2026 US News and World Report rankings.\")[![Best Places to Work.](data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==)](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/about\/awards \"Best Places to Work Award.\")[![America's Best Large Employers](data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==)](https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/rachelpeachman\/2023\/02\/15\/meet-americas-best-large-employers-2023\/?sh=4defd40e2094 \"Meet America’s Best Large Employers 2023.\")","attrs_readable_markdown":"- [Share](mailto:?subject=Sharing%20Information%20from%20Cincinnati%20Children's&body=https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/health\/i\/ild)\n- [Print](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/health\/i\/ild)\n\nInterstitial lung disease (ILD) includes a large group of disorders that affect the interstitium part of the lung. The interstitium lies between the alveolar sacs in the lung where gas exchange occurs. The small air tubes (called bronchioles) may also be affected.\n\nIn ILD, the interstitium can be abnormal due to:\n\n- Scar tissue (called pulmonary fibrosis)\n- Build-up of too many or different cells\n- Injuries or changes to the lung structure\n\nILD is uncommon in children.\n\n### What are the Signs and Symptoms of ILD?\n- Fast breathing (called tachypnea)\n- Sinking in of the areas below the ribs, between the ribs, and in the neck with breathing (called retractions)\n- Abnormally low amount of oxygen in the blood (called low oxygen saturations)\n- Crackle sounds in the lungs that are heard with a stethoscope\n- Chronic cough\n- Shortness of breath, which might include trouble with exercise or physical activity\n- Problems growing and gaining weight\n- [Reflux](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/health\/g\/ger-child \"Learn more about Reflux.\") (food or drink travels from the stomach up the esophagus to the throat or mouth)\n- Many episodes of [pneumonia](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/health\/p\/pneumonia \"Learn more about pneumonia.\")\n- Chest CT scans that show abnormalities throughout both lungs\n\nMost children with ILD show respiratory symptoms all the time, even when there is not an infection present. Children with ILD may have only some of the symptoms.\n\n### How is ILD Diagnosed?\n- Visits with a lung doctor (called a pulmonologist)\n- Tests may be done to make sure your child does not have [cystic fibrosis](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/health\/c\/cystic-fibrosis \"Learn more about cystic fibrosis.\"), a lung infection, heart problems or other health problems\n\nTesting for ILD may include one or all of the following:\n\n- Blood tests\n- [Bronchoscopy](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/service\/b\/bronchoscopy \"Learn more about Bronchoscopy.\")\n- High-resolution chest CT scan\n- Pulmonary function tests or infant pulmonary function tests\n- Lung biopsy\n\nDecisions about specific testing may depend on:\n\n- The age of the child\n- Other medical problems\n- How long symptoms have been there\n- How bad the symptoms are\n- Whether the symptoms are getting better or getting worse\n- History of ILD in family members\n### What Disorders are Associated with ILD?\n- Connective-tissue diseases (also called collagen vascular disease)\n- Pulmonary hemorrhage syndromes, including capillaritis, Goodpasture’s syndrome, or vasculitis\n- [Langerhans cell histiocytosis](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/health\/l\/langerhans-cell-histiocytosis-lch \"Learn more about Langerhans cell histiocytosis.\")\n- Sarcoidosis\n- Storage disorders\n- Lymphoproliferative disorders\n- Eosinophilic disorders\n- Neurocutaneous Syndromes\n### What are the Types of ILD in Children?\n#### Some types of ILD common for infants and young children include:\n- Disorders of lung development and lung growth:\n  - Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of the pulmonary veins\n  - Pulmonary hypoplasia\n  - [Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/health\/b\/bronchopulmonary-dysplasia \"Learn more about Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).\")\n- [Pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis (PIG)](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/health\/p\/pig \"Learn more about Pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis (PIG).\")\n- Neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy (NEHI)\n- Disorders of surfactant production or alveolar proteinosis due to SP-B genetic mutations, SP-C genetic mutations, ABCA-3 genetic mutations, NKX2-1 genetic mutations, GMCSF receptor deficiency, or lysinuric protein intolerance, or others\n  - Certain surfactant disorders can also occur in older children and adults.\n\nOther types of ILD can start at any age.\n\nSome ILD disorders occur along with other medical problems, meaning parts of the body other than the lung are also likely to be affected.\n\n#### Some ILD disorders may be due to problems with the function of the immune system.\n- Autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis due to auto-antibodies to GM-CSF\n- Follicular bronchiolitis \/ lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis, constrictive bronchiolitis, or lymphoproliferative disorder are often related to immunodeficiency\n#### Some ILD disorders may occur due to lung injuries.\n- [Aspiration](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/health\/c\/chronic-aspiration \"Learn more about Aspiration.\")\n- Hypersensitivity pneumonitis\n- Bronchiolitis obliterans\n#### Some disorders are due to problems with blood vessels or lymphatic vessels and can look like ILD.\n- Lymphangiomatosis, lymphangiectasia, and [lymphatic malformations](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/health\/l\/lymphatic-malformations \"Learn more about lymphatic malformations.\")\n- Veno-occlusive disease\n- Pulmonary arterial vasculopathy\n### How is ILD Treated?\nDifferent treatments are used for different types of ILD. Understanding the cause is important to decide on treatment. Some treatments may include:\n\n- More oxygen (not every child needs it)\n- More nutrition to help gain weight and growth\n- Flu shot every year to lower the chance of getting infections\n- Different medications, depending on the type of ILD\n\n**Last Updated** 10\/2025\n\n**Reviewed By** Laura Bellew, RN\n\n[![Meet the team. ](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/-\/media\/Cincinnati-Childrens\/Global-Shared\/icon-library\/teal-words\/teal-meet-the-team.jpg)](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/service\/r\/rare-lung\/team)\n\nMeet the specialists in the Pediatric Rare Lung Diseases Program.\n\n[![Contact us.](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/-\/media\/Cincinnati-Childrens\/Global-Shared\/icon-library\/pink-words\/pink-contact-us.jpg)](https:\/\/www.cincinnatichildrens.org\/service\/r\/rare-lung\/contact \"Contact the Rare Lung Diseases Program.\")","meta_canonical":null}

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Meta Title	Childhood Interstitial Lung Disease \| Symptoms & Treatment
Meta Description	Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a group of disorders that affect the lungs. Learn about symptoms, diagnosis, types and treatment.
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Boilerpipe Text	Share Print Interstitial lung disease (ILD) includes a large group of disorders that affect the interstitium part of the lung. The interstitium lies between the alveolar sacs in the lung where gas exchange occurs. The small air tubes (called bronchioles) may also be affected. In ILD, the interstitium can be abnormal due to: Scar tissue (called pulmonary fibrosis) Build-up of too many or different cells Injuries or changes to the lung structure ILD is uncommon in children. What are the Signs and Symptoms of ILD? Fast breathing (called tachypnea) Sinking in of the areas below the ribs, between the ribs, and in the neck with breathing (called retractions) Abnormally low amount of oxygen in the blood (called low oxygen saturations) Crackle sounds in the lungs that are heard with a stethoscope Chronic cough Shortness of breath, which might include trouble with exercise or physical activity Problems growing and gaining weight Reflux (food or drink travels from the stomach up the esophagus to the throat or mouth) Many episodes of pneumonia Chest CT scans that show abnormalities throughout both lungs Most children with ILD show respiratory symptoms all the time, even when there is not an infection present. Children with ILD may have only some of the symptoms. How is ILD Diagnosed? Visits with a lung doctor (called a pulmonologist) Tests may be done to make sure your child does not have cystic fibrosis , a lung infection, heart problems or other health problems Testing for ILD may include one or all of the following: Blood tests Bronchoscopy High-resolution chest CT scan Pulmonary function tests or infant pulmonary function tests Lung biopsy Decisions about specific testing may depend on: The age of the child Other medical problems How long symptoms have been there How bad the symptoms are Whether the symptoms are getting better or getting worse History of ILD in family members What Disorders are Associated with ILD? Connective-tissue diseases (also called collagen vascular disease) Pulmonary hemorrhage syndromes, including capillaritis, Goodpasture’s syndrome, or vasculitis Langerhans cell histiocytosis Sarcoidosis Storage disorders Lymphoproliferative disorders Eosinophilic disorders Neurocutaneous Syndromes What are the Types of ILD in Children? Some types of ILD common for infants and young children include: Disorders of lung development and lung growth: Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of the pulmonary veins Pulmonary hypoplasia Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) Pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis (PIG) Neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy (NEHI) Disorders of surfactant production or alveolar proteinosis due to SP-B genetic mutations, SP-C genetic mutations, ABCA-3 genetic mutations, NKX2-1 genetic mutations, GMCSF receptor deficiency, or lysinuric protein intolerance, or others Certain surfactant disorders can also occur in older children and adults. Other types of ILD can start at any age. Some ILD disorders occur along with other medical problems, meaning parts of the body other than the lung are also likely to be affected. Some ILD disorders may be due to problems with the function of the immune system. Autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis due to auto-antibodies to GM-CSF Follicular bronchiolitis / lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis, constrictive bronchiolitis, or lymphoproliferative disorder are often related to immunodeficiency Some ILD disorders may occur due to lung injuries. Aspiration Hypersensitivity pneumonitis Bronchiolitis obliterans Some disorders are due to problems with blood vessels or lymphatic vessels and can look like ILD. Lymphangiomatosis, lymphangiectasia, and lymphatic malformations Veno-occlusive disease Pulmonary arterial vasculopathy How is ILD Treated? Different treatments are used for different types of ILD. Understanding the cause is important to decide on treatment. Some treatments may include: More oxygen (not every child needs it) More nutrition to help gain weight and growth Flu shot every year to lower the chance of getting infections Different medications, depending on the type of ILD Last Updated 10/2025 Reviewed By Laura Bellew, RN Meet the specialists in the Pediatric Rare Lung Diseases Program.
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")[Billing](https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/patient-resources/billing "Pay Your Bill.")[Sign in to MyChart](https://mychart.cincinnatichildrens.org/mychart/ "SIgn in to mychart.")[Ways to Help](https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/giving)[Donate Now](https://giving.cincinnatichildrens.org/campaign/650825/donate?c_src=home&c_src2=header "Give now to Cincinnati Children's") Popular search terms [Careers](https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/search?q=Careers) [Urgent Care](https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/search?q=%20Urgent%20Care) [MyChart](https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/search?q=%20MyChart) [Neurology](https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/search?q=%20Neurology) [Volunteer](https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/search?q=%20Volunteer) # Health LibraryInterstitial Lung Disease - [Home](https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/ "Navigate to Home") - [Health Library](https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/search/health-library "Navigate to Health Library") - [I](https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/search/health-library/conditions/alpha?alpha=I "Navigate to I") - Interstitial Lung Disease Navigate This Area ##### Section Navigation [Close](https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/i/ild) ### [Rare Lung Diseases](https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/service/r/rare-lung) - [Conditions Treated](https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/service/r/rare-lung/conditions "Conditions Treated") - [Treatments and Services](https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/service/r/rare-lung/treatments "Treatments and Services") - [What to Expect](https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/service/r/rare-lung/expect "What to Expect") - [Patient and Family Resources](https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/service/r/rare-lung/patient-resources "Patient and Family Resources") - [For Healthcare Professionals](https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/service/r/rare-lung/professionals "For Healthcare Professionals") - [Meet the Team](https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/service/r/rare-lung/team "Meet the Team") - [Contact Us](https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/service/r/rare-lung/contact "Contact Us") - [Share](mailto:?subject=Sharing%20Information%20from%20Cincinnati%20Children's&body=https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/i/ild) - [Print](https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/i/ild) ## What is Interstitial Lung Disease? Interstitial lung disease (ILD) includes a large group of disorders that affect the interstitium part of the lung. The interstitium lies between the alveolar sacs in the lung where gas exchange occurs. The small air tubes (called bronchioles) may also be affected. In ILD, the interstitium can be abnormal due to: - Scar tissue (called pulmonary fibrosis) - Build-up of too many or different cells - Injuries or changes to the lung structure ILD is uncommon in children. ### What are the Signs and Symptoms of ILD? - Fast breathing (called tachypnea) - Sinking in of the areas below the ribs, between the ribs, and in the neck with breathing (called retractions) - Abnormally low amount of oxygen in the blood (called low oxygen saturations) - Crackle sounds in the lungs that are heard with a stethoscope - Chronic cough - Shortness of breath, which might include trouble with exercise or physical activity - Problems growing and gaining weight - [Reflux](https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/g/ger-child "Learn more about Reflux.") (food or drink travels from the stomach up the esophagus to the throat or mouth) - Many episodes of [pneumonia](https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/p/pneumonia "Learn more about pneumonia.") - Chest CT scans that show abnormalities throughout both lungs Most children with ILD show respiratory symptoms all the time, even when there is not an infection present. Children with ILD may have only some of the symptoms. ### How is ILD Diagnosed? - Visits with a lung doctor (called a pulmonologist) - Tests may be done to make sure your child does not have [cystic fibrosis](https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/c/cystic-fibrosis "Learn more about cystic fibrosis."), a lung infection, heart problems or other health problems Testing for ILD may include one or all of the following: - Blood tests - [Bronchoscopy](https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/service/b/bronchoscopy "Learn more about Bronchoscopy.") - High-resolution chest CT scan - Pulmonary function tests or infant pulmonary function tests - Lung biopsy Decisions about specific testing may depend on: - The age of the child - Other medical problems - How long symptoms have been there - How bad the symptoms are - Whether the symptoms are getting better or getting worse - History of ILD in family members ### What Disorders are Associated with ILD? - Connective-tissue diseases (also called collagen vascular disease) - Pulmonary hemorrhage syndromes, including capillaritis, Goodpasture’s syndrome, or vasculitis - [Langerhans cell histiocytosis](https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/l/langerhans-cell-histiocytosis-lch "Learn more about Langerhans cell histiocytosis.") - Sarcoidosis - Storage disorders - Lymphoproliferative disorders - Eosinophilic disorders - Neurocutaneous Syndromes ### What are the Types of ILD in Children? #### Some types of ILD common for infants and young children include: - Disorders of lung development and lung growth: - Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of the pulmonary veins - Pulmonary hypoplasia - [Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)](https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/b/bronchopulmonary-dysplasia "Learn more about Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).") - [Pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis (PIG)](https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/p/pig "Learn more about Pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis (PIG).") - Neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy (NEHI) - Disorders of surfactant production or alveolar proteinosis due to SP-B genetic mutations, SP-C genetic mutations, ABCA-3 genetic mutations, NKX2-1 genetic mutations, GMCSF receptor deficiency, or lysinuric protein intolerance, or others - Certain surfactant disorders can also occur in older children and adults. Other types of ILD can start at any age. Some ILD disorders occur along with other medical problems, meaning parts of the body other than the lung are also likely to be affected. #### Some ILD disorders may be due to problems with the function of the immune system. - Autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis due to auto-antibodies to GM-CSF - Follicular bronchiolitis / lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis, constrictive bronchiolitis, or lymphoproliferative disorder are often related to immunodeficiency #### Some ILD disorders may occur due to lung injuries. - [Aspiration](https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/c/chronic-aspiration "Learn more about Aspiration.") - Hypersensitivity pneumonitis - Bronchiolitis obliterans #### Some disorders are due to problems with blood vessels or lymphatic vessels and can look like ILD. - Lymphangiomatosis, lymphangiectasia, and [lymphatic malformations](https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/l/lymphatic-malformations "Learn more about lymphatic malformations.") - Veno-occlusive disease - Pulmonary arterial vasculopathy ### How is ILD Treated? Different treatments are used for different types of ILD. Understanding the cause is important to decide on treatment. Some treatments may include: - More oxygen (not every child needs it) - More nutrition to help gain weight and growth - Flu shot every year to lower the chance of getting infections - Different medications, depending on the type of ILD Last Updated 10/2025 Reviewed By Laura Bellew, RN [![Meet the team. ](https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/-/media/Cincinnati-Childrens/Global-Shared/icon-library/teal-words/teal-meet-the-team.jpg)](https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/service/r/rare-lung/team) Meet the specialists in the Pediatric Rare Lung Diseases Program. [![Contact us.](https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/-/media/Cincinnati-Childrens/Global-Shared/icon-library/pink-words/pink-contact-us.jpg)](https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/service/r/rare-lung/contact "Contact the Rare Lung Diseases Program.") 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Readable Markdown	- [Share](mailto:?subject=Sharing%20Information%20from%20Cincinnati%20Children's&body=https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/i/ild) - [Print](https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/i/ild) Interstitial lung disease (ILD) includes a large group of disorders that affect the interstitium part of the lung. The interstitium lies between the alveolar sacs in the lung where gas exchange occurs. The small air tubes (called bronchioles) may also be affected. In ILD, the interstitium can be abnormal due to: - Scar tissue (called pulmonary fibrosis) - Build-up of too many or different cells - Injuries or changes to the lung structure ILD is uncommon in children. ### What are the Signs and Symptoms of ILD? - Fast breathing (called tachypnea) - Sinking in of the areas below the ribs, between the ribs, and in the neck with breathing (called retractions) - Abnormally low amount of oxygen in the blood (called low oxygen saturations) - Crackle sounds in the lungs that are heard with a stethoscope - Chronic cough - Shortness of breath, which might include trouble with exercise or physical activity - Problems growing and gaining weight - [Reflux](https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/g/ger-child "Learn more about Reflux.") (food or drink travels from the stomach up the esophagus to the throat or mouth) - Many episodes of [pneumonia](https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/p/pneumonia "Learn more about pneumonia.") - Chest CT scans that show abnormalities throughout both lungs Most children with ILD show respiratory symptoms all the time, even when there is not an infection present. Children with ILD may have only some of the symptoms. ### How is ILD Diagnosed? - Visits with a lung doctor (called a pulmonologist) - Tests may be done to make sure your child does not have [cystic fibrosis](https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/c/cystic-fibrosis "Learn more about cystic fibrosis."), a lung infection, heart problems or other health problems Testing for ILD may include one or all of the following: - Blood tests - [Bronchoscopy](https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/service/b/bronchoscopy "Learn more about Bronchoscopy.") - High-resolution chest CT scan - Pulmonary function tests or infant pulmonary function tests - Lung biopsy Decisions about specific testing may depend on: - The age of the child - Other medical problems - How long symptoms have been there - How bad the symptoms are - Whether the symptoms are getting better or getting worse - History of ILD in family members ### What Disorders are Associated with ILD? - Connective-tissue diseases (also called collagen vascular disease) - Pulmonary hemorrhage syndromes, including capillaritis, Goodpasture’s syndrome, or vasculitis - [Langerhans cell histiocytosis](https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/l/langerhans-cell-histiocytosis-lch "Learn more about Langerhans cell histiocytosis.") - Sarcoidosis - Storage disorders - Lymphoproliferative disorders - Eosinophilic disorders - Neurocutaneous Syndromes ### What are the Types of ILD in Children? #### Some types of ILD common for infants and young children include: - Disorders of lung development and lung growth: - Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of the pulmonary veins - Pulmonary hypoplasia - [Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)](https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/b/bronchopulmonary-dysplasia "Learn more about Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).") - [Pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis (PIG)](https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/p/pig "Learn more about Pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis (PIG).") - Neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy (NEHI) - Disorders of surfactant production or alveolar proteinosis due to SP-B genetic mutations, SP-C genetic mutations, ABCA-3 genetic mutations, NKX2-1 genetic mutations, GMCSF receptor deficiency, or lysinuric protein intolerance, or others - Certain surfactant disorders can also occur in older children and adults. Other types of ILD can start at any age. Some ILD disorders occur along with other medical problems, meaning parts of the body other than the lung are also likely to be affected. #### Some ILD disorders may be due to problems with the function of the immune system. - Autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis due to auto-antibodies to GM-CSF - Follicular bronchiolitis / lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis, constrictive bronchiolitis, or lymphoproliferative disorder are often related to immunodeficiency #### Some ILD disorders may occur due to lung injuries. - [Aspiration](https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/c/chronic-aspiration "Learn more about Aspiration.") - Hypersensitivity pneumonitis - Bronchiolitis obliterans #### Some disorders are due to problems with blood vessels or lymphatic vessels and can look like ILD. - Lymphangiomatosis, lymphangiectasia, and [lymphatic malformations](https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/l/lymphatic-malformations "Learn more about lymphatic malformations.") - Veno-occlusive disease - Pulmonary arterial vasculopathy ### How is ILD Treated? Different treatments are used for different types of ILD. Understanding the cause is important to decide on treatment. Some treatments may include: - More oxygen (not every child needs it) - More nutrition to help gain weight and growth - Flu shot every year to lower the chance of getting infections - Different medications, depending on the type of ILD Last Updated 10/2025 Reviewed By Laura Bellew, RN [![Meet the team. ](https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/-/media/Cincinnati-Childrens/Global-Shared/icon-library/teal-words/teal-meet-the-team.jpg)](https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/service/r/rare-lung/team) Meet the specialists in the Pediatric Rare Lung Diseases Program. [![Contact us.](https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/-/media/Cincinnati-Childrens/Global-Shared/icon-library/pink-words/pink-contact-us.jpg)](https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/service/r/rare-lung/contact "Contact the Rare Lung Diseases Program.")
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