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Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 2 (from laksa023)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa002.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/","crawl_time":1775664359,"first_indexed_time":1598336861,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"com,choosingtherapy!www,\/medication-for-depression\/ s443","src_root_hash":"23573655079943402","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Medication for Depression: Types, Side Effects, and Management","meta_descriptions":["Depression medication can be helpful in reducing symptoms, especially when combined with therapy. The decision to start a new medication should always be made in collaboration with a doctor or other medical professional who can help you weigh the risks and benefits of taking an antidepressant."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Skip to content\nJoin our Newsletter\nGet helpful tips and the latest information\nDepression\nDepression\nAntidepressants\nAntidepressants\nSSRIs\nSSRIs\nSNRIs\nSNRIs\nTCAs\nTCAs\nMAOIs\nMAOIs\nOther Medications\nOther Medications\nSide Effects\nSide Effects\nTimeline\nTimeline\nDuration\nDuration\nAddiction\nAddiction\nChoosing\nChoosing\nUtilizing\nUtilizing\nNatural Treatments\nNatural Treatments\nConclusion\nConclusion\nAdditional Resources\nAdditional Resources\nMedication for Depression: Types, Side Effects, and Management\nAuthor:\nHailey Shafir, LCMHCS, LPCS, LCAS, CCS\nHailey specializes in adults, children, and families with addiction and mental health disorders.\nMedical Reviewer:\nDena Westphalen, Pharm.D\nDr. Dena Westphalen is a pharmacist with expertise in clinical research and drug information. She has interests in neurology, oncology, and global health.\nPublished: February 27, 2023\nDepression\nDepression\nAntidepressants\nAntidepressants\nSSRIs\nSSRIs\nSNRIs\nSNRIs\nTCAs\nTCAs\nMAOIs\nMAOIs\nOther Medications\nOther Medications\nSide Effects\nSide Effects\nTimeline\nTimeline\nDuration\nDuration\nAddiction\nAddiction\nChoosing\nChoosing\nUtilizing\nUtilizing\nNatural Treatments\nNatural Treatments\nConclusion\nConclusion\nAdditional Resources\nAdditional Resources\nSources\nUpdate History\nChoosingTherapy.com strives to provide our readers with mental health content that is accurate and actionable. We have high standards for what can be cited within our articles. Acceptable sources include government agencies, universities and colleges, scholarly journals, industry and professional associations, and other high-integrity sources of mental health journalism. Learn more by reviewing our full\neditorial policy\n.\nPandya, M., Altinay, M., Malone, D. A., Jr, & Anand, A. (2012). Where in the brain is depression?.\nCurrent psychiatry reports\n,\n14\n(6), 634–642.\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11920-012-0322-7\nAmerican Psychiatry Association.\nPractice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients With Major Depressive Disorder\n, Third Edition. 2010:152.\nDeRubeis, R. J., Siegle, G. J., & Hollon, S. D. (2008). Cognitive therapy versus medication for depression: treatment outcomes and neural mechanisms.\nNature reviews. Neuroscience\n,\n9\n(10), 788–796.\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn2345\nGautam, S., Jain, A., Gautam, M., Vahia, V. N., & Grover, S. (2017). Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of Depression.\nIndian journal of psychiatry\n,\n59\n(Suppl 1), S34–S50.\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0019-5545.196973\nRichelson, E. (2017). Pharmacology of antidepressants. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 76(5), 511-527.\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.4065\/76.5.511\nCornett, E. M., Novitch, M., Kaye, A. D., Kata, V., & Kaye, A. M. (2017). Medication-Induced Tardive Dyskinesia: A Review and Update.\nThe Ochsner journal\n,\n17\n(2), 162–174.\nMoraczewski J, Aedma KK. Tricyclic Antidepressants. [Updated 2020 May 30]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020 Jan-. Available from:\nhttps:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK557791\/\nMonoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). 9\/12\/2019. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Retrieved from\nhttps:\/\/www.nchmd.org\/education\/mayo-health-library\/details\/ART-20043992\nWe regularly update the articles on ChoosingTherapy.com to ensure we continue to reflect scientific consensus on the topics we cover, to incorporate new research into our articles, and to better answer our audience’s questions. When our content undergoes a significant revision, we summarize the changes that were made and the date on which they occurred. We also record the authors and medical reviewers who contributed to previous versions of the article. Read more about \nour editorial policies here\n.\nFebruary 27, 2023\nAuthor:\nNo Change\nReviewer:\nNo Change\nPrimary Changes:\nUpdated for readability and clarity. Reviewed and added relevant resources.\nMay 6, 2022\nAuthor:\nNo Change\nReviewer:\nNo Change\nPrimary Changes:\nUpdated for readability and clarity. Reviewed and added relevant resources. Added “Withdrawal Symptoms of Antidepressants”, “How Long Will You Have to Take Medication for Depression?”, “Can You Become Addicted to Antidepressants?”, and “Natural Treatment Options for Depression”. New material written by\nSilvi Saxena, MBA, MSW, LSW, CCTP, OSW-C\nand reviewed by\nDena Westphalen, PharmD\n.\nAugust 18, 2020\nAuthor:\nHailey Shafir, LCMHCS, LPCS, LCAS, CCS\nReviewer:\nDena Westphalen, PharmD\nYour Voice Matters\nCan't find what you're looking for?\nRequest an article! Tell ChoosingTherapy.com’s editorial team what questions you have about mental health, emotional wellness, relationships, and parenting. Our licensed therapists are just waiting to cover new topics you care about!\nLeave your feedback for our editors.\nShare your feedback on this article with our editors. If there’s something we missed or something we could improve on, we’d love to hear it.\nOur writers and editors love compliments, too. :)","attrs_markdown":"![](https:\/\/sb.scorecardresearch.com\/p?c1=2&c2=38276821&cv=3.6.0&cj=1)\n\n[Skip to content](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#content)\n\n![](data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgNDAgNDAiIHdpZHRoPSI0MCIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIj48L3N2Zz4=)\n\n- [Mental Health Issues](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/)\n  - [Anxiety](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/category\/anxiety\/)\n  - [ADHD](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/category\/adhd\/)\n  - [Bipolar Disorder](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/category\/bipolar-disorder\/)\n  - [Depression](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/category\/depression\/)\n  - [Grief](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/category\/grief\/)\n  - 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[Depression](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#what-is-depression)[Depression](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#what-is-depression)\n- [Antidepressants](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#what-are-antidepressants)[Antidepressants](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#what-are-antidepressants)\n- [SSRIs](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#selective-serotonin-reuptake-inhibitors-ssris)[SSRIs](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#selective-serotonin-reuptake-inhibitors-ssris)\n- [SNRIs](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#serotonin-norepinephrine-reuptake-inhibitors-snris)[SNRIs](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#serotonin-norepinephrine-reuptake-inhibitors-snris)\n- [TCAs](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#tricyclic-tetracyclic-antidepressants-tcas)[TCAs](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#tricyclic-tetracyclic-antidepressants-tcas)\n- [MAOIs](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#monoamine-oxidase-inhibitors-maois)[MAOIs](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#monoamine-oxidase-inhibitors-maois)\n- [Other Medications](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#other-medications-for-depression)[Other Medications](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#other-medications-for-depression)\n- [Side Effects](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#common-side-effects-of-depression-medication)[Side Effects](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#common-side-effects-of-depression-medication)\n- [Timeline](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#when-can-i-expect-to-feel-better-after-beginning-a-new-medication)[Timeline](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#when-can-i-expect-to-feel-better-after-beginning-a-new-medication)\n- [Duration](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#how-long-will-you-have-to-take-medication-for-depression)[Duration](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#how-long-will-you-have-to-take-medication-for-depression)\n- [Addiction](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#can-you-become-addicted-to-antidepressants)[Addiction](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#can-you-become-addicted-to-antidepressants)\n- [Choosing](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#determining-the-right-antidepressant-medication)[Choosing](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#determining-the-right-antidepressant-medication)\n- [Utilizing](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#make-antidepressants-work-for-you-6-ways-to-give-medication-the-best-chance)[Utilizing](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#make-antidepressants-work-for-you-6-ways-to-give-medication-the-best-chance)\n- [Natural Treatments](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#natural-treatment-options-for-depression)[Natural Treatments](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#natural-treatment-options-for-depression)\n- [Conclusion](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#final-thoughts-on-medication-for-depression)[Conclusion](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#final-thoughts-on-medication-for-depression)\n- [Additional Resources](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#additional-resources)[Additional Resources](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#additional-resources)\n\n# Medication for Depression: Types, Side Effects, and Management\n[![Headshot of Hailey Shafir, LCMHCS, LPCS, LCAS, CCS](data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgNjYgNjYiIHdpZHRoPSI2NiIgaGVpZ2h0PSI2NiIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIj48L3N2Zz4=)](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/hailey-shafir-lpcs-lcas-ccs\/)\n\nAuthor:  Hailey Shafir, LCMHCS, LPCS, LCAS, CCS\n\n[![Headshot of Hailey Shafir, LCMHCS, LPCS, LCAS, CCS](data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgNjYgNjYiIHdpZHRoPSI2NiIgaGVpZ2h0PSI2NiIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIj48L3N2Zz4=)](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/hailey-shafir-lpcs-lcas-ccs\/)\n\n[Hailey Shafir LCMHCS, LPCS, LCAS, CCS](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/hailey-shafir-lpcs-lcas-ccs\/)\n\nHailey specializes in adults, children, and families with addiction and mental health disorders.\n\n[See My Bio](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/hailey-shafir-lpcs-lcas-ccs\/)\n\n[Editorial Policy](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/editorial-policy\/)\n\n[![Headshot of Dena Westphalen, Pharm. D.](data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgNjYgNjYiIHdpZHRoPSI2NiIgaGVpZ2h0PSI2NiIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIj48L3N2Zz4=)](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/dena-westphalen-pharm-d\/)\n\nMedical Reviewer:  Dena Westphalen, Pharm.D ![Licensed medical reviewer ](data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgMjAgMjAiIHdpZHRoPSIyMCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIyMCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIj48L3N2Zz4=)\n\n[![Headshot of Dena Westphalen, Pharm. D.](data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgNjYgNjYiIHdpZHRoPSI2NiIgaGVpZ2h0PSI2NiIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIj48L3N2Zz4=)](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/dena-westphalen-pharm-d\/)\n\n[Dena Westphalen PharmD](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/dena-westphalen-pharm-d\/)\n\nDr. Dena Westphalen is a pharmacist with expertise in clinical research and drug information. She has interests in neurology, oncology, and global health.\n\n[See My Bio](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/dena-westphalen-pharm-d\/)\n\n[Editorial Policy](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/editorial-policy\/)\n\nPublished: February 27, 2023\n\nTable of Contents ![Click here to open and close the table of contents.](data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgMjQgMjUiIHdpZHRoPSIyNCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIyNSIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIj48L3N2Zz4=)\n\n- [Depression](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#what-is-depression)[Depression](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#what-is-depression)\n- [Antidepressants](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#what-are-antidepressants)[Antidepressants](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#what-are-antidepressants)\n- [SSRIs](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#selective-serotonin-reuptake-inhibitors-ssris)[SSRIs](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#selective-serotonin-reuptake-inhibitors-ssris)\n- [SNRIs](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#serotonin-norepinephrine-reuptake-inhibitors-snris)[SNRIs](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#serotonin-norepinephrine-reuptake-inhibitors-snris)\n- [TCAs](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#tricyclic-tetracyclic-antidepressants-tcas)[TCAs](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#tricyclic-tetracyclic-antidepressants-tcas)\n- [MAOIs](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#monoamine-oxidase-inhibitors-maois)[MAOIs](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#monoamine-oxidase-inhibitors-maois)\n- [Other Medications](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#other-medications-for-depression)[Other Medications](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#other-medications-for-depression)\n- [Side Effects](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#common-side-effects-of-depression-medication)[Side Effects](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#common-side-effects-of-depression-medication)\n- [Timeline](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#when-can-i-expect-to-feel-better-after-beginning-a-new-medication)[Timeline](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#when-can-i-expect-to-feel-better-after-beginning-a-new-medication)\n- [Duration](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#how-long-will-you-have-to-take-medication-for-depression)[Duration](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#how-long-will-you-have-to-take-medication-for-depression)\n- [Addiction](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#can-you-become-addicted-to-antidepressants)[Addiction](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#can-you-become-addicted-to-antidepressants)\n- [Choosing](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#determining-the-right-antidepressant-medication)[Choosing](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#determining-the-right-antidepressant-medication)\n- [Utilizing](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#make-antidepressants-work-for-you-6-ways-to-give-medication-the-best-chance)[Utilizing](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#make-antidepressants-work-for-you-6-ways-to-give-medication-the-best-chance)\n- [Natural Treatments](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#natural-treatment-options-for-depression)[Natural Treatments](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#natural-treatment-options-for-depression)\n- [Conclusion](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#final-thoughts-on-medication-for-depression)[Conclusion](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#final-thoughts-on-medication-for-depression)\n- [Additional Resources](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#additional-resources)[Additional Resources](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#additional-resources)\n\n[![Headshot of Hailey Shafir, LPCS, LCAS, CCS](data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgMzAwIDI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjMwMCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIyNDAiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyI+PC9zdmc+)](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/hailey-shafir-lpcs-lcas-ccs\/)\n\n###### Written by:\n#### [Hailey Shafir](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/hailey-shafir-lpcs-lcas-ccs\/)\n##### LPCS, LCAS, CCS\n\n[![Dena Westphalen, PharmD](data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgMjA0OCAyNTYwIiB3aWR0aD0iMjA0OCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIyNTYwIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==)](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/dena-westphalen-pharm-d\/)\n\n###### Reviewed by:\n#### [Dena Westphalen](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/dena-westphalen-pharm-d\/)\n##### PharmD\n\nDepression is a common mental health condition. Sadness, fatigue, and low motivation are some of the symptoms of depression that interfere with a person’s ability to function. Antidepressants are medications that target certain brain chemicals related to depression, and some people find them helpful in reducing symptoms, especially when combined with therapy.\n\n[ADVERTISEMENT](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/advertising-policy\/)\n\nPersonalized Treatment for Depression\n\n[Talkiatry](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/recommends\/talkiatry-depression-medication\/ \"Talkiatry - Depression Medication\") can match you with an actual psychiatrist. Talkiatry psychiatrists can evaluate you for depression and other issues that may be impacting your mood then implement a personalized treatment plan. Insurance accepted. [Get started with a short online assessment.](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/recommends\/talkiatry-depression-medication\/ \"Talkiatry - Depression Medication\")\n\n[Visit Talkiatry](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/recommends\/talkiatry-depression-medication\/ \"Talkiatry - Depression Medication\")\n\n## What Is Depression?\n[Depression](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/depression\/) involves a low mood that can have an impact on energy, irritability, motivation, and general ability to function. Depression symptoms can be very individualized and depend on the type of depression someone is experiencing.\n\n## What Are Antidepressants?\nAntidepressant medications work in the brain to increase levels of certain brain chemicals, which can lead to an improvement in symptoms for some people. Dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine are neurotransmitters (chemical messengers) that are most closely associated with depression. They affect mood, energy, and motivation.1 People with depression are often found to be deficient in one or more of these chemicals, which at least partially explains their [depression symptoms](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/depression-symptoms\/).\n\nThere are many individual factors that determine whether a person will respond to an antidepressant, and it often takes more than one trial to find a medication that works for them.\n\n### Medication as Part of a Well-Rounded Depression Treatment Plan\nMedication can be a helpful supplement in regard to [treating depression](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/how-to-treat-depression\/); however, it’s typically not recommended as a stand-alone treatment.2 Research has shown that medication is most effective when combined with evidence-based therapies like [CBT for depression](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/cbt-for-depression\/), [interpersonal therapy](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/interpersonal-therapy\/), or [EMDR for depression](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/emdr-for-depression\/), and some people experience equivalent benefits from therapy alone.3\n\n### What to Ask Your Doctor About Antidepressants\nThe decision to start a new medication should always be made in collaboration with a doctor or other medical professional who can help you weigh the risks and benefits of taking an antidepressant. Your pharmacist and your doctor can help you with these questions.\n\nWhenever a new medication is prescribed, it is important to ask your doctor about:\n\n- The way the medication works and why it was selected over other options\n- The possible side effects of the medication and which are most common\n- Any side effects that require medical attention\n- Any possible interactions with other medications, drugs, herbs, or supplements\n- The dosage you are on relative to the maximum dose\n- How and when to take the medication (i.e., night or morning, with food or not)\n- What to do if you miss a dose (i.e. wait until next dose or not)\n- What can happen if the medication is stopped (i.e., [antidepressant discontinuation syndrome](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/antidepressant-withdrawal\/))\n- How long the drug takes to work and what to monitor to determine if it is working\n- When a follow up appointment should be made to determine if the drug is working\n## Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)\n[SSRIs](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/ssris\/) are the most commonly prescribed type of antidepressant medication.2 They are a first-line medication option for treating depression because they are generally effective and well-tolerated, with fewer risks and side effects vs. other antidepressants.2,4 SSRIs work by blocking the reabsorption of serotonin, resulting in more available serotonin in the brain.5\n\nSerotonin is closely related with mood, and people deficient in it are more likely to be depressed, sad, anxious, or moody.\n\nMore commonly prescribed SSRIs used to treat depression include:\n\n- [Citalopram (Celexa)](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/celexa-citalopram\/)\\*\n- [Sertraline (Zoloft)](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/sertraline-zoloft\/)\\*\n- [Escitalopram (Lexapro)\\*](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/lexapro-escitalopram\/)\n- [Fluoxetine (Prozac)](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/prozac\/)\\*\n- [Paroxetine (Paxil)](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/paxil-paroxetine\/)\\*\n\n\\*This medication carries a black box warning for increased risk of suicide. A black box warning is the most serious warning from the FDA.\n\n### Side Effects of SSRIs\nGenerally, SSRIs are considered to have a low risk profile which is why they are usually the first type of medications prescribed to treat depression. Still, all medications carry some risks of adverse effects.\n\nMore common side effects of SSRI medications can include:\\*5\n\n- Headache\n- Drowsiness\n- Lack of sexual desire\n- Erectile dysfunction\n- Trouble reaching orgasm\n- Changes in appetite and [weight gain](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/does-prozac-cause-weight-gain\/) or [weight loss](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/prozac-weight-loss\/)\n- Insomnia\n- Nausea or GI upset\n- Anxiety or irritability\n\nSome people experience all, some, or none of the common side effects as well as more serious side effects as a result of SSRI medications. These are more rare, but do occur in a small percentage of people.\n\nSerious or life-threatening side effects of SSRIs can include:\\*5,6\n\n- **Serotonin syndrome:** a serious condition that can result from too much serotonin being in the system. Symptoms include agitation, confusion, fever, dizziness, tremors, and marked changes in heart rate and blood pressure. Emergency medical care is required to treat this condition.\n- **Suicidal thoughts:** children, teens, and young adults (under 25) sometimes experience an increase in [suicidal ideation](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/suicidal-ideation\/) or urges after starting an SSRI. This rare side effect seems to mainly affect younger people and can occur even when there is no history of suicidal ideation.\n- **Tardive dyskinesia:** a rare disorder where a person suffers from uncontrollable movements or tics, usually associated with long-term use of antipsychotic drugs, but occasionally associated with SSRIs\n\n*\\*This is not a comprehensive list of side effects.*\n\nThompson states, “Typically starting at a low dose and titrating up is the best way to avoid severe side effects. Most side effects should be mild, so patients should always contact their prescriber with any severe side effects such as vomiting, insomnia or severe sedation, fevers, confusion or an increase in suicidal thoughts.”\n\nPeople taking [SSRI medications who become pregnant](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/antidepressants-and-pregnancy\/) should consult with their prescriber once learning of their pregnancy as these may be harmful to the baby. Also, people who have been taking an SSRI are not advised to stop on their own. Some people who abruptly stop taking these medications experience withdrawal symptoms (e.g., [Prozac\/fluoxetine withdrawal](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/prozac-withdrawal\/)) or rebound depression or anxiety.5\n\n[ADVERTISEMENT](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/advertising-policy\/)\n\nPersonalized Treatment for Depression\n\n[Talkiatry](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/recommends\/talkiatry-depression-medication\/ \"Talkiatry - Depression Medication\") can match you with an actual psychiatrist. Talkiatry psychiatrists can evaluate you for depression and other issues that may be impacting your mood then implement a personalized treatment plan. Insurance accepted. [Get started with a short online assessment.](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/recommends\/talkiatry-depression-medication\/ \"Talkiatry - Depression Medication\")\n\n[Visit Talkiatry](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/recommends\/talkiatry-depression-medication\/ \"Talkiatry - Depression Medication\")\n\n## Serotonin & Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)\n[SNRIs](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/snri\/) are another commonly prescribed type of medication for depression, and these medications work on both serotonin and norepinephrine receptors in the brain.5 While serotonin affects mood, norepinephrine is developed in the adrenal glands and is more closely linked to energy levels and focus.\n\nSNRI medications commonly prescribed to treat depression include:\n\n- [Desvenlafaxine (Pristiq)](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/pristiq-desvenlafaxine\/)\\*\n- [Duloxetine (Cymbalta)](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/duloxetine-cymbalta\/)\\*\n- [Levomilnacipran (Fetzima](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/fetzima-levomilnacipran\/))\\*\n- [Venlafaxine (Effexor XR)](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/effexor-venlafaxine\/)\\*\n\n*\\*This medication carries a black box warning for increased risk of suicide. A black box warning is the most serious warning from the FDA.*\n\n### Side Effects of SNRIs\n[SNRIs are similar to SSRIs](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/snri-vs-ssri\/) because they both work on serotonin receptors. In addition to the common [side effects of SSRIs](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/ssri-side-effects\/), SNRIs can also cause other adverse effects.\\*5\n\nAdverse side effects of SNRIs include:\n\n- Nervousness or anxiety\n- Dry mouth\n- Excessive energy levels\n- Loss of appetite\n- High blood pressure\n- Increased suicidal ideation\n\n*\\*This is not a comprehensive list of side effects.*\n\nAs with SSRI medications, women who become pregnant should notify their prescriber immediately for advice on whether to continue or stop the medication. Also, SNRIs also have the potential to increase suicidal thoughts in young people in the same way that SSRIs can. SNRI medications can also cause unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when people stop taking them abruptly. People are recommended to taper off these medications under prescriber supervision.5\n\n## Tricyclic & Tetracyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)\n[Tricyclic antidepressants](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/tricyclic-antidepressants\/) are an older class of medications that were once commonly used to treat depression, and now are prescribed less often. TCAs carry higher risks for adverse effects and are often only prescribed when SSRI and SNRI medications are ineffective.2,4\n\nTCAs work on multiple receptors in the brain, resulting in increased levels of both norepinephrine and serotonin.7 The only difference between tricyclic and [tetracyclic antidepressants](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/tetracyclic-antidepressants\/) is how many rings are in their chemical structure (three vs. four).\n\nTCAs prescribed to treat depression include:\n\n- [Amitriptyline](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/elavil-amitriptyline\/)\\*\n- Amoxapine\\*\n- [Desipramine (Norpramin)](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/desipramine\/)\\*\n- [Doxepin](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/doxepin\/)\\*\n- [Imipramine (Tofranil)](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/tofranil-imipramine\/)\\*\n- [Nortriptyline (Pamelor)](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/pamelor-nortriptyline\/)\\*\n- Protriptyline\\*\n- Trimipramine\\*\n\n*\\*This medication carries a black box warning for increased risk of suicide. A black box warning is the most serious warning from the FDA.*\n\n### Side Effects of TCAs\nTCAs are just as effective as SSRI and SNRI medications in treating depression but carry higher risks for serious side effects.\n\nSide effects associated with TCAs can include:\\*7\n\n- Dry mouth\n- Constipation\n- Dizziness\n- Confusion\n- Sedation\n- Drops in blood pressure\n- Weight gain and increased appetite\n- Trouble urinating\n\nMore serious risks associated with TCAs can include:\\*7\n\n- Cardiac problems (can be fatal)\n- Seizures (for those with epilepsy)\n- Increased suicidal ideation (in those under age 24)\n- Serotonin syndrome\n- Withdrawal symptoms (when stopped abruptly)\n- Birth defects (in the eyes, ears, neck, and face)\n\n*\\*This is not a comprehensive list of side effects.*\n\n## Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)\n[MAOIs](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/how-to-treat-depression\/) are the oldest type of antidepressant medications. They work by blocking a particular enzyme responsible for clearing out excess serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine from the brain.6 By blocking this enzyme (monoamine oxidase), MAOIs make these chemicals more available to the brain, helping with deficiencies associated with depressive symptoms.8\n\nWith adverse effects similar to TCA’s, MAOIs are typically prescribed only when frontline SSRI and SNRI medications are ineffective.2,4,5\n\nMAOIs commonly prescribed to treat depression include:\n\n- [Isocarboxazid (Marplan](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/marplan-isocarboxazid\/))\\*\n- [Phenelzine (Nardil)](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/nardil-phenelzine\/)\\*\n- Selegiline (Emsam)\\*\n- Tranylcypromine (Parnate)\\*\n\n*\\*This medication carries a black box warning for increased risk of suicide. A black box warning is the most serious warning from the FDA.*\n\n### Side Effects of MAOIs\nCommon side effects of MAOIs can include:\\*8\n\n- Dizziness\n- Headache\n- Dry mouth\n- Nausea\n- Diarrhea or constipation\n- Sleep problems (drowsiness or insomnia)\n- Skin rashes\n- Trouble urinating\n- Lowered sexual desire\n- Difficulty reaching orgasm\n- Weight gain\n- Muscle cramps, tics or jerking\n- Tingling skin\n- Weight gain\n- Lowered blood pressure\n\nIn addition to these known side effects, MAOIs can sometimes carry the risk for more serious side effects, such as:\\*6,8\n\n- Increased risk for suicidal ideation (particularly in younger people)\n- Tardive dyskinesia\n- Dangerous interactions with certain foods and medications which can cause spikes in blood pressure\n- Serotonin syndrome\n- May be harmful to unborn babies when exposed in-utero\n- Dangerous withdrawal symptoms when stopping abruptly, which can include the risk for convulsions, psychosis, or flu-like symptoms\n\n*\\*This is not a comprehensive list of side effects.*\n\n## Other Medications for Depression\nWhile most antidepressant medications fall within one of the above categories, there are a few outliers. Some medications prescribed for depression are atypical in their mechanism of action but result in the same neurotransmitter activity in the brain. These medications all work on one or more of the three neurotransmitters most closely involved in depression (serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine).\n\nCommon antidepressants that don’t fit in the four medication classes above include:5\n\n- **Bupropion (Wellbutrin)\\*:** [Wellbutrin](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/wellbutrin-bupropion\/) is an antidepressant that works on norepinephrine and dopamine receptors and is also prescribed for smoking cessation, ADHD, and for those concerned about weight gain as a side effect\n- **Trazodone\\*:** [Trazodone](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/trazodone\/) an antidepressant that works by increasing serotonin, and is also often prescribed for insomnia\n- **Mirtazapine (Remeron)\\*:** [Remeron (mirtazapine)](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/remeron-mirtazapine\/) is an antidepressant that works to increase the amount of noradrenaline and serotonin in the brain\n- **Nefazodone\\*:** [Nefazodone](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/nefazodone-serzone\/) is an antidepressant that works to increase the amount of serotonin in the brain\n- **Auvelity (dextromethorphan-bupropion)\\***: [Auvelity (dextromethorphan-bupropion)](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/auvelity-dextromethorphan-bupropion\/) is a brand new FDA-approved medication for treating depression in adults. This drug is the first FDA-approved medication targeting NMDA receptors, possibly opening new avenues for treatment-resistant depression.\n\n[ADVERTISEMENT](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/advertising-policy\/)\n\nPersonalized Treatment for Depression\n\n[Talkiatry](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/recommends\/talkiatry-depression-medication\/ \"Talkiatry - Depression Medication\") can match you with an actual psychiatrist. Talkiatry psychiatrists can evaluate you for depression and other issues that may be impacting your mood then implement a personalized treatment plan. Insurance accepted. [Get started with a short online assessment.](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/recommends\/talkiatry-depression-medication\/ \"Talkiatry - Depression Medication\")\n\n[Visit Talkiatry](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/recommends\/talkiatry-depression-medication\/ \"Talkiatry - Depression Medication\")\n\n## Common Side Effects of Depression Medication\nWhile antidepressants can be incredibly helpful, it’s important to know the risks and side effects before starting a new medication. Talk to your doctor and prescriber about any concerns you may have about [antidepressant side effects](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/side-effects-of-antidepressants\/).\n\n### Antidepressants & Suicide Risk\nAntidepressants carry a black box warning for increased risk of suicidal thinking, feelings, and behavior in young people. This is part of why they [require a prescription](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/how-to-get-antidepressants\/). A black box warning is the most serious type of warning issued by the FDA.\n\nIf you are concerned about this warning with taking an antidepressant, talk with your doctor to better understand [how antidepressants may make you feel](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/how-do-antidepressants-make-you-feel\/) or how they may affect your symptoms to determine the best treatment for you.\n\n### Withdrawal Symptoms of Antidepressants\nWhen discontinuing depression medication, it’s important to do so with guidance from your prescriber to ensure you are minimizing any withdrawal symptoms.\n\nAntidepressant withdrawal symptoms may include:\n\n- Mood swings\n- Flu-like symptoms\n- Restlessness\n- Confusion\n- Trouble sleeping\n- Dizziness\n\nYou should never make a change to your medication dose or stop taking your medication before talking with your doctor. They will help to decide what is the correct dose for you and to develop a plan for you to safely change or discontinue your medication.\n\n## When Can I Expect to Feel Better After Beginning a New Medication?\nAccording to Thompson, “Many medications for daily anxiety and depression (such as the SSRIs and SNRIs) take 3-6 weeks to [start working](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/how-long-does-it-take-for-antidepressants-to-work\/). Even then, studies show that some patients are late responders and may have improved response up to 8-12 weeks after starting a medication. Patience is important. But in some cases, the dose may still be too low, or the patient may not be responding. In these cases, it’s important to have a conversation with the prescriber to determine an appropriate next step. This might include increasing the dose, changing the medication, or adding an augmenting agent (which is another medication to improve the response beyond that of the first medication).”\n\n## How Long Will You Have to Take Medication for Depression?\nThe length of time you may need to remain on medication will depend on individual circumstances and medical needs. Some may be advised to stay on medication for 6 months if it was their first depressive episode; however, those with major depression disorder and a history of multiple episodes may be advised to take it for 1-3 years or long-term.\n\nThe timeline of medication really is based on your unique symptoms, your history, and the way you adjust to the medication.\n\n## Can You Become Addicted to Antidepressants?\nUnlike many other medications such as pain medication and sleeping aids, antidepressants are not habit forming. Antidepressants do not have an immediate impact, rather they work over a long period of time. As a result, the lack of immediate benefits doesn’t leave room for any habit-forming actions. While there can be symptoms of withdrawal if discontinuing antidepressants, antidepressants themselves are not habit forming, or addictive.\n\n## Determining the Right Antidepressant Medication\nTreatment decisions should be the result of collaboration between you and your provider, and it is important to play an active role in your treatment plan. Several factors can play a role. For example, you may consider medications from different drug classes (SSRI vs SNRI), such as comparing [Effexor vs Lexapro](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/effexor-vs-lexapro\/). Other factors such as age, condition being treated, and health history may influence this decision.\n\nThose who decide to try an antidepressant medication should defer to the knowledge and expertise of a prescriber, but also should provide their prescriber with all the information needed to make a recommendation.\n\nThe following factors might influence which medication a prescriber chooses to treat a person’s depression:2,4,5\n\n- **Age:** medication is typically not recommended as a frontline treatment for children, teens, and even older adults with depression because of unique adverse effects that can occur. Certain antidepressants carry higher risks of these age-related risk factors.\n- **Symptom severity:** major depressive disorder is diagnosed as either mild, moderate, or severe, depending on the number of symptoms reported by the patient. The severity of symptoms helps the provider determine recommendations for treatment.\n- **Other medications:** all medications have the potential to interact with other prescribed drugs, sometimes in unexpected ways. Those on medications should inform the provider to help guard against adverse effects or interactions.\n- **Treatment history:** when a person has tried one or more treatments for depression (therapy or medication) in the past, knowing what was helpful and unhelpful can be important in helping the provider make treatment recommendations.\n- **Medication compliance:** certain antidepressant medications can cause dangerous withdrawals or rebound symptoms when a person stops taking them abruptly. Let the provider know if you have been noncompliant or inconsistent with medication in the past.\n- **Substance use:** some medications prescribed for depression carry risks for abuse and addiction. If you have struggled in the past with addiction, it is important to let the provider know. Also, if you are currently abusing any substances recreationally (even alcohol), you should ask about potential interactions with any newly prescribed medications.\n- **Specific symptoms:** not everyone who has depression has the same symptoms, and different medications can be recommended for targeting specific symptoms. Make sure you discuss your symptoms with the provider, emphasizing those causing the most impairment for you.\n- **Response to treatment:** getting a prescription for an antidepressant is just the beginning of treatment and follow up appointments are important. These appointments help the provider determine whether the medication is working or not. Make sure to attend scheduled follow-ups and to speak up about whether your symptoms are improving, as well as mentioning any side effects. Based on your report, adjustments may be made.\n- **Patient preference:** if you have a strong preference for what kind of treatment or medication you receive, let the prescriber know. Your input is important, and any treatment decisions should be made collaboratively with you and the provider.\n## Make Antidepressants Work for You: 6 Ways to Give Medication the Best Chance\nEach person is unique, and may respond differently to different drugs, even ones within the same class of medication. It is not uncommon for a person to try more than one antidepressant before finding one that works for them. You cannot control which drugs will work for you and which will not, but there are some lifestyle changes you can make to help manage your depressive symptoms.\n\nHere are six ways to give medication the best chance of working:\n\n### 1\\. Attend Therapy\nTherapy can help identify and address root issues of depression and teach more effective methods of coping. A combination of medication and therapy is most likely to provide lasting improvements in symptoms.2,3\n\n### 2\\. Communicate With Your Care Team\nThompson suggests, “After starting a medication, a patient should have follow-up appointments at regular intervals (typically every 3-5 weeks when medications are added or dosages are changed). As it can be hard to remember, It can sometimes help for patients to write a list of benefits or side effects they’ve noted during that time, to report back to their provider. Additionally, if a patient has a therapist and prescribing physician or nurse practitioner, signing a release so that the prescriber and therapist can collaborate in care can ultimately help the patient achieve a more coordinated treatment effort.”\n\n### 3\\. Work On Sobriety\nTaking a break from alcohol and recreational drugs is often recommended after starting a new medication. This helps to lower the risk of adverse effects or interactions, and helps you establish whether the medication is working.\n\n### 4\\. Try Supplements & OTC Medications\nCertain vitamins, supplements, and over-the-counter medications can interfere or interact with prescribed antidepressants. Make sure to talk to your doctor about anything you take and consider taking a break from these if there is a possibility of a negative interaction. That way, you can be sure that side effects are from the medication, and not from an interaction.\n\n### 5\\. Sleep, Exercise, & Eat Well\nEating well, sleeping enough, and getting adequate exercise form the basis of a healthy lifestyle, and are important for all aspects of your physical and mental health. Remaining consistent with healthy routines will help ensure that side effects are not the result of poor lifestyle habits like not sleeping enough or overeating. Certain types of exercise like yoga have more research supporting their ability to reduce depressive symptoms.4\n\n### 6\\. Follow a Routine\nThe goal of medication is to improve a person’s ability to function in their daily lives so following your normal routine is important to establish whether the medication is working. Pushing through low energy, motivation and mood can be challenging, but not doing so tends to worsen symptoms, counteracting any effects of the medication.\n\n## Natural Treatment Options for Depression\nIf you’re looking to supplement your medication or for [alternative treatments for depression](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/alternative-treatment-for-depression\/), there are some natural options that can help lessen depression symptoms.\n\nHere are examples of natural treatment options for depression:\n\n- **Positive lifestyle changes:** improved diet, exercise, and sleep hygiene can help to minimize depression symptoms.\n- **St John’s Wort:** [St. John’s Wort](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/st-johns-wort\/) comes from a plant and has many benefits that mimic those of SSRIs. However, it should not be taken with SSRIs. St John’s Wort has significant interactions with many medications, so ask your doctor before beginning taking St John’s Wort or any other herb or supplement.\n- **Light therapy:** light therapy lamps mimic natural sunlight, which can improve mood and significantly help with [seasonal affective disorder (SAD)](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/seasonal-affective-disorder\/).\n## Final Thoughts on Medication for Depression\nIf you’ve been dealing with depression, you may want to talk to your doctor about medication. Especially when combined with therapy, antidepressants can make a big difference in your quality of life.\n\n## Additional Resources\nTo help our readers take the next step in their mental health journey, ChoosingTherapy.com has partnered with leaders in mental health and wellness. ChoosingTherapy.com is compensated for marketing by the companies included below.\n\nOnline Psychiatry Covered by Insurance\n\n[**Talkiatry**](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/recommends\/talkiatry-resources-medication\/ \"Talkiatry - Resources Medication\") – Work with a psychiatrist online. Insurance accepted, and new patients welcome. Get personalized mental care including medication. If allowed in your state and right for you, this can include controlled substances. [Start with a short online assessment.](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/recommends\/talkiatry-resources-medication\/ \"Talkiatry - Resources Medication\")\n\n[**Circle Medical**](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/recommends\/circle-medical-anxiety-non-controlled-medication-resources\/ \"Circle Medical - Anxiety Non-Controlled Medication Resources\") – Anxiety and Depression Treatment. Meet with an online doctor today! All prescriptions are based on necessity determined by a medical professional. Diagnosis and prescription over video. Insurance accepted. No membership or hidden fees. Same day appointments. [Visit Circle Medical](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/recommends\/circle-medical-anxiety-non-controlled-medication-resources\/ \"Circle Medical - Anxiety Non-Controlled Medication Resources\")\n\nTherapy & Medication Management\n\n[**Brightside Health**](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/recommends\/brightside-ad-medication-resources-non-controlled\/ \"Brightside - A&D Medication Resources Non-Controlled\") – develops personalized plans that are unique to you and offers 1 on 1 support from start to finish. Brightside Health accepts United Healthcare, Anthem, Cigna, and Aetna. Appointments in as little as 24 hours. [Start Free Assessment](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/recommends\/brightside-ad-medication-resources-non-controlled\/ \"Brightside - A&D Medication Resources Non-Controlled\")\n\nTalk Therapy\n\n[**BetterHelp**](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/recommends\/betterhelp-medication-resources\/ \"BetterHelp - Medication Resources\") – Get support and guidance from a licensed therapist. BetterHelp has over 30,000 therapists who provide convenient and affordable online therapy. BetterHelp starts at \\$65 per week and is FSA\/HSA eligible by most providers. Take a Free Online Assessment and get matched with the right therapist for you. [Take free assessment](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/recommends\/betterhelp-medication-resources\/ \"BetterHelp - Medication Resources\")\n\n## For Further Reading\n- [Best Online Psychiatry Services](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/best-online-psychiatrist\/)\n- [Hers Mental Health Review](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/hers-mental-health-review\/)\n- [Pristiq & Alcohol: Everything You Need to Know](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/pristiq-and-alcohol\/)\n- [How to Get a Wellbutrin Prescription: Everything You Need to Know](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/how-to-get-prescribed-wellbutrin\/)\n- [Lexapro Withdrawal: Symptoms, Duration, & How to Cope](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/lexapro-withdrawal\/)\n- [Lexapro (Escitalopram) Side Effects in the First Week](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/lexapro-side-effects-first-week\/)\n- [Symbyax (Olanzapine-Fluoxetine): Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, & More](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/symbyax\/)\n\n[SPONSORED](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/advertising-policy\/)\n\n[![Online Anxiety Test](data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgMTA4MCAxMDgwIiB3aWR0aD0iMTA4MCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxMDgwIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==)](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/recommends\/stories-talkiatry-and-medication\/ \"Stories - Talkiatry and Medication\")\n\n[Online Anxiety Test](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/recommends\/stories-talkiatry-and-medication\/ \"Stories - Talkiatry and Medication\")\n\nA few questions from Talkiatry can help you understand your symptoms and give you a recommendation for what to do next.\n\n[Take Test](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/recommends\/stories-talkiatry-and-medication\/ \"Stories - Talkiatry and Medication\")\n\n[![Best Online Psychiatry Services](data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgMTA4MCAxMDgwIiB3aWR0aD0iMTA4MCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxMDgwIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==)](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/best-online-psychiatrist\/)\n\n[Best Online Psychiatry Services](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/best-online-psychiatrist\/)\n\nOnline psychiatry, sometimes called telepsychiatry, platforms offer medication management by phone, video, or secure messaging for a variety of mental health conditions. In some cases, online psychiatry may be more affordable than seeing an in-person provider. Mental health treatment has expanded to include many online psychiatry and therapy services. With so many choices, it can feel overwhelming to find the one that is right for you.\n\n[Read more](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/best-online-psychiatrist\/)\n\n![Medication Newsletter](data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgMzc3IDMwOCIgd2lkdGg9IjM3NyIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMDgiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyI+PC9zdmc+)\n\nA free newsletter for those interested in starting therapy. Get helpful tips and the latest information.\n\nSources Update History\n\n*ChoosingTherapy.com strives to provide our readers with mental health content that is accurate and actionable. We have high standards for what can be cited within our articles. Acceptable sources include government agencies, universities and colleges, scholarly journals, industry and professional associations, and other high-integrity sources of mental health journalism. Learn more by reviewing our full [editorial policy](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/editorial-policy\/).*\n\n- Pandya, M., Altinay, M., Malone, D. A., Jr, & Anand, A. (2012). Where in the brain is depression?. *Current psychiatry reports*, *14*(6), 634–642. <https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11920-012-0322-7>\n- American Psychiatry Association. *Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients With Major Depressive Disorder*, Third Edition. 2010:152.\n- DeRubeis, R. J., Siegle, G. J., & Hollon, S. D. (2008). Cognitive therapy versus medication for depression: treatment outcomes and neural mechanisms. *Nature reviews. Neuroscience*, *9*(10), 788–796. <https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn2345>\n- Gautam, S., Jain, A., Gautam, M., Vahia, V. N., & Grover, S. (2017). Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of Depression. *Indian journal of psychiatry*, *59*(Suppl 1), S34–S50. <https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0019-5545.196973>\n- Richelson, E. (2017). Pharmacology of antidepressants. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 76(5), 511-527. <https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4065\/76.5.511>\n- Cornett, E. M., Novitch, M., Kaye, A. D., Kata, V., & Kaye, A. M. (2017). Medication-Induced Tardive Dyskinesia: A Review and Update. *The Ochsner journal*, *17*(2), 162–174.\n- Moraczewski J, Aedma KK. Tricyclic Antidepressants. \\[Updated 2020 May 30\\]. In: StatPearls \\[Internet\\]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020 Jan-. Available from: <https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK557791\/>\n- Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). 9\/12\/2019. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Retrieved from <https:\/\/www.nchmd.org\/education\/mayo-health-library\/details\/ART-20043992>\n\nShow more ![Click here to open the article sources container.](data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgMTYgMTYiIHdpZHRoPSIxNiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxNiIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIj48L3N2Zz4=)\n\n*We regularly update the articles on ChoosingTherapy.com to ensure we continue to reflect scientific consensus on the topics we cover, to incorporate new research into our articles, and to better answer our audience’s questions. When our content undergoes a significant revision, we summarize the changes that were made and the date on which they occurred. We also record the authors and medical reviewers who contributed to previous versions of the article. Read more about [our editorial policies here](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/editorial-policy\/).*\n\nFebruary 27, 2023   \nAuthor: No Change  \nReviewer: No Change  \nPrimary Changes: Updated for readability and clarity. Reviewed and added relevant resources.\n\nMay 6, 2022   \nAuthor: No Change  \nReviewer: No Change  \nPrimary Changes: Updated for readability and clarity. Reviewed and added relevant resources. Added “Withdrawal Symptoms of Antidepressants”, “How Long Will You Have to Take Medication for Depression?”, “Can You Become Addicted to Antidepressants?”, and “Natural Treatment Options for Depression”. New material written by [Silvi Saxena, MBA, MSW, LSW, CCTP, OSW-C](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/silvi-saxena\/) and reviewed by [Dena Westphalen, PharmD](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/dena-westphalen-pharm-d\/).\n\nAugust 18, 2020   \nAuthor: Hailey Shafir, LCMHCS, LPCS, LCAS, CCS  \nReviewer: Dena Westphalen, PharmD\n\nShow more ![Click here to open the article update history container.](data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgMTYgMTYiIHdpZHRoPSIxNiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxNiIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIj48L3N2Zz4=)\n\n## Your Voice Matters\n#### Can't find what you're looking for?\nRequest an article! Tell ChoosingTherapy.com’s editorial team what questions you have about mental health, emotional wellness, relationships, and parenting. 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All rights reserved.\n\n![]() X","attrs_readable_markdown":"![](https:\/\/sb.scorecardresearch.com\/p?c1=2&c2=38276821&cv=3.6.0&cj=1)\n\n[Skip to content](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#content)\n\n![](data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgNDAgNDAiIHdpZHRoPSI0MCIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIj48L3N2Zz4=)\n\n![](data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgMTkgMTgiIHdpZHRoPSIxOSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxOCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIj48L3N2Zz4=)\n\nJoin our Newsletter\n\nGet helpful tips and the latest information\n\n- [Depression](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#what-is-depression)[Depression](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#what-is-depression)\n- [Antidepressants](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#what-are-antidepressants)[Antidepressants](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#what-are-antidepressants)\n- [SSRIs](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#selective-serotonin-reuptake-inhibitors-ssris)[SSRIs](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#selective-serotonin-reuptake-inhibitors-ssris)\n- [SNRIs](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#serotonin-norepinephrine-reuptake-inhibitors-snris)[SNRIs](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#serotonin-norepinephrine-reuptake-inhibitors-snris)\n- [TCAs](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#tricyclic-tetracyclic-antidepressants-tcas)[TCAs](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#tricyclic-tetracyclic-antidepressants-tcas)\n- [MAOIs](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#monoamine-oxidase-inhibitors-maois)[MAOIs](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#monoamine-oxidase-inhibitors-maois)\n- [Other Medications](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#other-medications-for-depression)[Other Medications](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#other-medications-for-depression)\n- [Side Effects](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#common-side-effects-of-depression-medication)[Side Effects](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#common-side-effects-of-depression-medication)\n- [Timeline](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#when-can-i-expect-to-feel-better-after-beginning-a-new-medication)[Timeline](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#when-can-i-expect-to-feel-better-after-beginning-a-new-medication)\n- [Duration](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#how-long-will-you-have-to-take-medication-for-depression)[Duration](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#how-long-will-you-have-to-take-medication-for-depression)\n- [Addiction](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#can-you-become-addicted-to-antidepressants)[Addiction](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#can-you-become-addicted-to-antidepressants)\n- [Choosing](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#determining-the-right-antidepressant-medication)[Choosing](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#determining-the-right-antidepressant-medication)\n- [Utilizing](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#make-antidepressants-work-for-you-6-ways-to-give-medication-the-best-chance)[Utilizing](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#make-antidepressants-work-for-you-6-ways-to-give-medication-the-best-chance)\n- [Natural Treatments](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#natural-treatment-options-for-depression)[Natural Treatments](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#natural-treatment-options-for-depression)\n- [Conclusion](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#final-thoughts-on-medication-for-depression)[Conclusion](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#final-thoughts-on-medication-for-depression)\n- [Additional Resources](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#additional-resources)[Additional Resources](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#additional-resources)\n\n## Medication for Depression: Types, Side Effects, and Management\n[![Headshot of Hailey Shafir, LCMHCS, LPCS, LCAS, CCS](https:\/\/cdn-biiph.nitrocdn.com\/UZREvxxQGAxeXhcoPyzyCLtvaevIaCgD\/assets\/images\/optimized\/rev-4aa1002\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Hailey-Shaifer-LPCS-Headshot-66x66.jpg)](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/hailey-shafir-lpcs-lcas-ccs\/)\n\nAuthor:  Hailey Shafir, LCMHCS, LPCS, LCAS, CCS\n\nHailey specializes in adults, children, and families with addiction and mental health disorders.\n\n[![Headshot of Dena Westphalen, Pharm. D.](https:\/\/cdn-biiph.nitrocdn.com\/UZREvxxQGAxeXhcoPyzyCLtvaevIaCgD\/assets\/images\/optimized\/rev-4aa1002\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Headshot-66x66.jpg)](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/dena-westphalen-pharm-d\/)\n\nMedical Reviewer:  Dena Westphalen, Pharm.D ![Licensed medical reviewer ](data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgMjAgMjAiIHdpZHRoPSIyMCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIyMCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIj48L3N2Zz4=)\n\nDr. Dena Westphalen is a pharmacist with expertise in clinical research and drug information. She has interests in neurology, oncology, and global health.\n\nPublished: February 27, 2023\n\n- [Depression](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#what-is-depression)[Depression](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#what-is-depression)\n- [Antidepressants](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#what-are-antidepressants)[Antidepressants](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#what-are-antidepressants)\n- [SSRIs](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#selective-serotonin-reuptake-inhibitors-ssris)[SSRIs](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#selective-serotonin-reuptake-inhibitors-ssris)\n- [SNRIs](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#serotonin-norepinephrine-reuptake-inhibitors-snris)[SNRIs](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#serotonin-norepinephrine-reuptake-inhibitors-snris)\n- [TCAs](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#tricyclic-tetracyclic-antidepressants-tcas)[TCAs](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#tricyclic-tetracyclic-antidepressants-tcas)\n- [MAOIs](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#monoamine-oxidase-inhibitors-maois)[MAOIs](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#monoamine-oxidase-inhibitors-maois)\n- [Other Medications](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#other-medications-for-depression)[Other Medications](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#other-medications-for-depression)\n- [Side Effects](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#common-side-effects-of-depression-medication)[Side Effects](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#common-side-effects-of-depression-medication)\n- [Timeline](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#when-can-i-expect-to-feel-better-after-beginning-a-new-medication)[Timeline](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#when-can-i-expect-to-feel-better-after-beginning-a-new-medication)\n- [Duration](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#how-long-will-you-have-to-take-medication-for-depression)[Duration](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#how-long-will-you-have-to-take-medication-for-depression)\n- [Addiction](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#can-you-become-addicted-to-antidepressants)[Addiction](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#can-you-become-addicted-to-antidepressants)\n- [Choosing](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#determining-the-right-antidepressant-medication)[Choosing](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#determining-the-right-antidepressant-medication)\n- [Utilizing](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#make-antidepressants-work-for-you-6-ways-to-give-medication-the-best-chance)[Utilizing](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#make-antidepressants-work-for-you-6-ways-to-give-medication-the-best-chance)\n- [Natural Treatments](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#natural-treatment-options-for-depression)[Natural Treatments](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#natural-treatment-options-for-depression)\n- [Conclusion](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#final-thoughts-on-medication-for-depression)[Conclusion](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#final-thoughts-on-medication-for-depression)\n- [Additional Resources](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#additional-resources)[Additional Resources](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/medication-for-depression\/#additional-resources)\n\nSources Update History\n\n*ChoosingTherapy.com strives to provide our readers with mental health content that is accurate and actionable. We have high standards for what can be cited within our articles. Acceptable sources include government agencies, universities and colleges, scholarly journals, industry and professional associations, and other high-integrity sources of mental health journalism. Learn more by reviewing our full [editorial policy](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/editorial-policy\/).*\n\n- Pandya, M., Altinay, M., Malone, D. A., Jr, & Anand, A. (2012). Where in the brain is depression?. *Current psychiatry reports*, *14*(6), 634–642. <https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11920-012-0322-7>\n- American Psychiatry Association. *Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients With Major Depressive Disorder*, Third Edition. 2010:152.\n- DeRubeis, R. J., Siegle, G. J., & Hollon, S. D. (2008). Cognitive therapy versus medication for depression: treatment outcomes and neural mechanisms. *Nature reviews. Neuroscience*, *9*(10), 788–796. <https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn2345>\n- Gautam, S., Jain, A., Gautam, M., Vahia, V. N., & Grover, S. (2017). Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of Depression. *Indian journal of psychiatry*, *59*(Suppl 1), S34–S50. <https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0019-5545.196973>\n- Richelson, E. (2017). Pharmacology of antidepressants. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 76(5), 511-527. <https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4065\/76.5.511>\n- Cornett, E. M., Novitch, M., Kaye, A. D., Kata, V., & Kaye, A. M. (2017). Medication-Induced Tardive Dyskinesia: A Review and Update. *The Ochsner journal*, *17*(2), 162–174.\n- Moraczewski J, Aedma KK. Tricyclic Antidepressants. \\[Updated 2020 May 30\\]. In: StatPearls \\[Internet\\]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020 Jan-. Available from: <https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK557791\/>\n- Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). 9\/12\/2019. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Retrieved from <https:\/\/www.nchmd.org\/education\/mayo-health-library\/details\/ART-20043992>\n\n*We regularly update the articles on ChoosingTherapy.com to ensure we continue to reflect scientific consensus on the topics we cover, to incorporate new research into our articles, and to better answer our audience’s questions. When our content undergoes a significant revision, we summarize the changes that were made and the date on which they occurred. We also record the authors and medical reviewers who contributed to previous versions of the article. Read more about [our editorial policies here](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/editorial-policy\/).*\n\nFebruary 27, 2023   \nAuthor: No Change  \nReviewer: No Change  \nPrimary Changes: Updated for readability and clarity. Reviewed and added relevant resources.\n\nMay 6, 2022   \nAuthor: No Change  \nReviewer: No Change  \nPrimary Changes: Updated for readability and clarity. Reviewed and added relevant resources. Added “Withdrawal Symptoms of Antidepressants”, “How Long Will You Have to Take Medication for Depression?”, “Can You Become Addicted to Antidepressants?”, and “Natural Treatment Options for Depression”. New material written by [Silvi Saxena, MBA, MSW, LSW, CCTP, OSW-C](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/silvi-saxena\/) and reviewed by [Dena Westphalen, PharmD](https:\/\/www.choosingtherapy.com\/dena-westphalen-pharm-d\/).\n\nAugust 18, 2020   \nAuthor: Hailey Shafir, LCMHCS, LPCS, LCAS, CCS  \nReviewer: Dena Westphalen, PharmD\n\n## Your Voice Matters\n#### Can't find what you're looking for?\nRequest an article! Tell ChoosingTherapy.com’s editorial team what questions you have about mental health, emotional wellness, relationships, and parenting. Our licensed therapists are just waiting to cover new topics you care about\\!\n\n#### Leave your feedback for our editors.\nShare your feedback on this article with our editors. If there’s something we missed or something we could improve on, we’d love to hear it.\n\nOur writers and editors love compliments, too. :)","meta_canonical":null}

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Boilerpipe Text	Skip to content Join our Newsletter Get helpful tips and the latest information Depression Depression Antidepressants Antidepressants SSRIs SSRIs SNRIs SNRIs TCAs TCAs MAOIs MAOIs Other Medications Other Medications Side Effects Side Effects Timeline Timeline Duration Duration Addiction Addiction Choosing Choosing Utilizing Utilizing Natural Treatments Natural Treatments Conclusion Conclusion Additional Resources Additional Resources Medication for Depression: Types, Side Effects, and Management Author: Hailey Shafir, LCMHCS, LPCS, LCAS, CCS Hailey specializes in adults, children, and families with addiction and mental health disorders. Medical Reviewer: Dena Westphalen, Pharm.D Dr. Dena Westphalen is a pharmacist with expertise in clinical research and drug information. She has interests in neurology, oncology, and global health. Published: February 27, 2023 Depression Depression Antidepressants Antidepressants SSRIs SSRIs SNRIs SNRIs TCAs TCAs MAOIs MAOIs Other Medications Other Medications Side Effects Side Effects Timeline Timeline Duration Duration Addiction Addiction Choosing Choosing Utilizing Utilizing Natural Treatments Natural Treatments Conclusion Conclusion Additional Resources Additional Resources Sources Update History ChoosingTherapy.com strives to provide our readers with mental health content that is accurate and actionable. We have high standards for what can be cited within our articles. Acceptable sources include government agencies, universities and colleges, scholarly journals, industry and professional associations, and other high-integrity sources of mental health journalism. Learn more by reviewing our full editorial policy . Pandya, M., Altinay, M., Malone, D. A., Jr, & Anand, A. (2012). Where in the brain is depression?. Current psychiatry reports , 14 (6), 634–642. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-012-0322-7 American Psychiatry Association. Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients With Major Depressive Disorder , Third Edition. 2010:152. DeRubeis, R. J., Siegle, G. J., & Hollon, S. D. (2008). Cognitive therapy versus medication for depression: treatment outcomes and neural mechanisms. Nature reviews. Neuroscience , 9 (10), 788–796. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2345 Gautam, S., Jain, A., Gautam, M., Vahia, V. N., & Grover, S. (2017). Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of Depression. Indian journal of psychiatry , 59 (Suppl 1), S34–S50. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.196973 Richelson, E. (2017). Pharmacology of antidepressants. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 76(5), 511-527. https://doi.org/10.4065/76.5.511 Cornett, E. M., Novitch, M., Kaye, A. D., Kata, V., & Kaye, A. M. (2017). Medication-Induced Tardive Dyskinesia: A Review and Update. The Ochsner journal , 17 (2), 162–174. Moraczewski J, Aedma KK. Tricyclic Antidepressants. [Updated 2020 May 30]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557791/ Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). 9/12/2019. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Retrieved from https://www.nchmd.org/education/mayo-health-library/details/ART-20043992 We regularly update the articles on ChoosingTherapy.com to ensure we continue to reflect scientific consensus on the topics we cover, to incorporate new research into our articles, and to better answer our audience’s questions. When our content undergoes a significant revision, we summarize the changes that were made and the date on which they occurred. We also record the authors and medical reviewers who contributed to previous versions of the article. Read more about our editorial policies here . February 27, 2023 Author: No Change Reviewer: No Change Primary Changes: Updated for readability and clarity. Reviewed and added relevant resources. May 6, 2022 Author: No Change Reviewer: No Change Primary Changes: Updated for readability and clarity. Reviewed and added relevant resources. Added “Withdrawal Symptoms of Antidepressants”, “How Long Will You Have to Take Medication for Depression?”, “Can You Become Addicted to Antidepressants?”, and “Natural Treatment Options for Depression”. New material written by Silvi Saxena, MBA, MSW, LSW, CCTP, OSW-C and reviewed by Dena Westphalen, PharmD . August 18, 2020 Author: Hailey Shafir, LCMHCS, LPCS, LCAS, CCS Reviewer: Dena Westphalen, PharmD Your Voice Matters Can't find what you're looking for? Request an article! Tell ChoosingTherapy.com’s editorial team what questions you have about mental health, emotional wellness, relationships, and parenting. Our licensed therapists are just waiting to cover new topics you care about! Leave your feedback for our editors. Share your feedback on this article with our editors. If there’s something we missed or something we could improve on, we’d love to hear it. Our writers and editors love compliments, too. :)
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[Conclusion](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#final-thoughts-on-medication-for-depression)[Conclusion](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#final-thoughts-on-medication-for-depression) - [Additional Resources](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#additional-resources)[Additional Resources](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#additional-resources) # Medication for Depression: Types, Side Effects, and Management [![Headshot of Hailey Shafir, LCMHCS, LPCS, LCAS, CCS](data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgNjYgNjYiIHdpZHRoPSI2NiIgaGVpZ2h0PSI2NiIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIj48L3N2Zz4=)](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/hailey-shafir-lpcs-lcas-ccs/) Author: Hailey Shafir, LCMHCS, LPCS, LCAS, CCS [![Headshot of Hailey Shafir, LCMHCS, LPCS, LCAS, CCS](data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgNjYgNjYiIHdpZHRoPSI2NiIgaGVpZ2h0PSI2NiIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIj48L3N2Zz4=)](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/hailey-shafir-lpcs-lcas-ccs/) [Hailey Shafir LCMHCS, LPCS, LCAS, CCS](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/hailey-shafir-lpcs-lcas-ccs/) Hailey specializes in adults, children, and families with addiction and mental health disorders. [See My Bio](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/hailey-shafir-lpcs-lcas-ccs/) [Editorial Policy](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/editorial-policy/) [![Headshot of Dena Westphalen, Pharm. D.](data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgNjYgNjYiIHdpZHRoPSI2NiIgaGVpZ2h0PSI2NiIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIj48L3N2Zz4=)](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/dena-westphalen-pharm-d/) Medical Reviewer: Dena Westphalen, Pharm.D ![Licensed medical reviewer ](data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgMjAgMjAiIHdpZHRoPSIyMCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIyMCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIj48L3N2Zz4=) [![Headshot of Dena Westphalen, Pharm. D.](data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgNjYgNjYiIHdpZHRoPSI2NiIgaGVpZ2h0PSI2NiIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIj48L3N2Zz4=)](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/dena-westphalen-pharm-d/) [Dena Westphalen PharmD](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/dena-westphalen-pharm-d/) Dr. Dena Westphalen is a pharmacist with expertise in clinical research and drug information. She has interests in neurology, oncology, and global health. [See My Bio](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/dena-westphalen-pharm-d/) [Editorial Policy](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/editorial-policy/) Published: February 27, 2023 Table of Contents ![Click here to open and close the table of contents.](data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgMjQgMjUiIHdpZHRoPSIyNCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIyNSIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIj48L3N2Zz4=) - [Depression](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#what-is-depression)[Depression](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#what-is-depression) - [Antidepressants](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#what-are-antidepressants)[Antidepressants](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#what-are-antidepressants) - [SSRIs](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#selective-serotonin-reuptake-inhibitors-ssris)[SSRIs](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#selective-serotonin-reuptake-inhibitors-ssris) - [SNRIs](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#serotonin-norepinephrine-reuptake-inhibitors-snris)[SNRIs](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#serotonin-norepinephrine-reuptake-inhibitors-snris) - [TCAs](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#tricyclic-tetracyclic-antidepressants-tcas)[TCAs](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#tricyclic-tetracyclic-antidepressants-tcas) - [MAOIs](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#monoamine-oxidase-inhibitors-maois)[MAOIs](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#monoamine-oxidase-inhibitors-maois) - [Other Medications](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#other-medications-for-depression)[Other Medications](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#other-medications-for-depression) - [Side Effects](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#common-side-effects-of-depression-medication)[Side Effects](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#common-side-effects-of-depression-medication) - [Timeline](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#when-can-i-expect-to-feel-better-after-beginning-a-new-medication)[Timeline](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#when-can-i-expect-to-feel-better-after-beginning-a-new-medication) - [Duration](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#how-long-will-you-have-to-take-medication-for-depression)[Duration](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#how-long-will-you-have-to-take-medication-for-depression) - [Addiction](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#can-you-become-addicted-to-antidepressants)[Addiction](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#can-you-become-addicted-to-antidepressants) - [Choosing](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#determining-the-right-antidepressant-medication)[Choosing](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#determining-the-right-antidepressant-medication) - [Utilizing](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#make-antidepressants-work-for-you-6-ways-to-give-medication-the-best-chance)[Utilizing](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#make-antidepressants-work-for-you-6-ways-to-give-medication-the-best-chance) - [Natural Treatments](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#natural-treatment-options-for-depression)[Natural Treatments](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#natural-treatment-options-for-depression) - [Conclusion](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#final-thoughts-on-medication-for-depression)[Conclusion](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#final-thoughts-on-medication-for-depression) - [Additional Resources](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#additional-resources)[Additional Resources](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#additional-resources) [![Headshot of Hailey Shafir, LPCS, LCAS, CCS](data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgMzAwIDI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjMwMCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIyNDAiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyI+PC9zdmc+)](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/hailey-shafir-lpcs-lcas-ccs/) ###### Written by: #### [Hailey Shafir](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/hailey-shafir-lpcs-lcas-ccs/) ##### LPCS, LCAS, CCS [![Dena Westphalen, PharmD](data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgMjA0OCAyNTYwIiB3aWR0aD0iMjA0OCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIyNTYwIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==)](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/dena-westphalen-pharm-d/) ###### Reviewed by: #### [Dena Westphalen](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/dena-westphalen-pharm-d/) ##### PharmD Depression is a common mental health condition. Sadness, fatigue, and low motivation are some of the symptoms of depression that interfere with a person’s ability to function. Antidepressants are medications that target certain brain chemicals related to depression, and some people find them helpful in reducing symptoms, especially when combined with therapy. [ADVERTISEMENT](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/advertising-policy/) Personalized Treatment for Depression [Talkiatry](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/recommends/talkiatry-depression-medication/ "Talkiatry - Depression Medication") can match you with an actual psychiatrist. Talkiatry psychiatrists can evaluate you for depression and other issues that may be impacting your mood then implement a personalized treatment plan. Insurance accepted. [Get started with a short online assessment.](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/recommends/talkiatry-depression-medication/ "Talkiatry - Depression Medication") [Visit Talkiatry](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/recommends/talkiatry-depression-medication/ "Talkiatry - Depression Medication") ## What Is Depression? [Depression](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/depression/) involves a low mood that can have an impact on energy, irritability, motivation, and general ability to function. Depression symptoms can be very individualized and depend on the type of depression someone is experiencing. ## What Are Antidepressants? Antidepressant medications work in the brain to increase levels of certain brain chemicals, which can lead to an improvement in symptoms for some people. Dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine are neurotransmitters (chemical messengers) that are most closely associated with depression. They affect mood, energy, and motivation.1 People with depression are often found to be deficient in one or more of these chemicals, which at least partially explains their [depression symptoms](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/depression-symptoms/). There are many individual factors that determine whether a person will respond to an antidepressant, and it often takes more than one trial to find a medication that works for them. ### Medication as Part of a Well-Rounded Depression Treatment Plan Medication can be a helpful supplement in regard to [treating depression](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/how-to-treat-depression/); however, it’s typically not recommended as a stand-alone treatment.2 Research has shown that medication is most effective when combined with evidence-based therapies like [CBT for depression](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/cbt-for-depression/), [interpersonal therapy](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/interpersonal-therapy/), or [EMDR for depression](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/emdr-for-depression/), and some people experience equivalent benefits from therapy alone.3 ### What to Ask Your Doctor About Antidepressants The decision to start a new medication should always be made in collaboration with a doctor or other medical professional who can help you weigh the risks and benefits of taking an antidepressant. Your pharmacist and your doctor can help you with these questions. Whenever a new medication is prescribed, it is important to ask your doctor about: - The way the medication works and why it was selected over other options - The possible side effects of the medication and which are most common - Any side effects that require medical attention - Any possible interactions with other medications, drugs, herbs, or supplements - The dosage you are on relative to the maximum dose - How and when to take the medication (i.e., night or morning, with food or not) - What to do if you miss a dose (i.e. wait until next dose or not) - What can happen if the medication is stopped (i.e., [antidepressant discontinuation syndrome](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/antidepressant-withdrawal/)) - How long the drug takes to work and what to monitor to determine if it is working - When a follow up appointment should be made to determine if the drug is working ## Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) [SSRIs](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/ssris/) are the most commonly prescribed type of antidepressant medication.2 They are a first-line medication option for treating depression because they are generally effective and well-tolerated, with fewer risks and side effects vs. other antidepressants.2,4 SSRIs work by blocking the reabsorption of serotonin, resulting in more available serotonin in the brain.5 Serotonin is closely related with mood, and people deficient in it are more likely to be depressed, sad, anxious, or moody. More commonly prescribed SSRIs used to treat depression include: - [Citalopram (Celexa)](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/celexa-citalopram/)\* - [Sertraline (Zoloft)](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/sertraline-zoloft/)\* - [Escitalopram (Lexapro)\](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/lexapro-escitalopram/) - [Fluoxetine (Prozac)](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/prozac/)\ - [Paroxetine (Paxil)](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/paxil-paroxetine/)\* \This medication carries a black box warning for increased risk of suicide. A black box warning is the most serious warning from the FDA. ### Side Effects of SSRIs Generally, SSRIs are considered to have a low risk profile which is why they are usually the first type of medications prescribed to treat depression. Still, all medications carry some risks of adverse effects. More common side effects of SSRI medications can include:\5 - Headache - Drowsiness - Lack of sexual desire - Erectile dysfunction - Trouble reaching orgasm - Changes in appetite and [weight gain](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/does-prozac-cause-weight-gain/) or [weight loss](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/prozac-weight-loss/) - Insomnia - Nausea or GI upset - Anxiety or irritability Some people experience all, some, or none of the common side effects as well as more serious side effects as a result of SSRI medications. These are more rare, but do occur in a small percentage of people. Serious or life-threatening side effects of SSRIs can include:\5,6 - Serotonin syndrome:* a serious condition that can result from too much serotonin being in the system. Symptoms include agitation, confusion, fever, dizziness, tremors, and marked changes in heart rate and blood pressure. Emergency medical care is required to treat this condition. - Suicidal thoughts: children, teens, and young adults (under 25) sometimes experience an increase in [suicidal ideation](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/suicidal-ideation/) or urges after starting an SSRI. This rare side effect seems to mainly affect younger people and can occur even when there is no history of suicidal ideation. - Tardive dyskinesia: a rare disorder where a person suffers from uncontrollable movements or tics, usually associated with long-term use of antipsychotic drugs, but occasionally associated with SSRIs \This is not a comprehensive list of side effects.* Thompson states, “Typically starting at a low dose and titrating up is the best way to avoid severe side effects. Most side effects should be mild, so patients should always contact their prescriber with any severe side effects such as vomiting, insomnia or severe sedation, fevers, confusion or an increase in suicidal thoughts.” People taking [SSRI medications who become pregnant](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/antidepressants-and-pregnancy/) should consult with their prescriber once learning of their pregnancy as these may be harmful to the baby. Also, people who have been taking an SSRI are not advised to stop on their own. Some people who abruptly stop taking these medications experience withdrawal symptoms (e.g., [Prozac/fluoxetine withdrawal](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/prozac-withdrawal/)) or rebound depression or anxiety.5 [ADVERTISEMENT](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/advertising-policy/) Personalized Treatment for Depression [Talkiatry](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/recommends/talkiatry-depression-medication/ "Talkiatry - Depression Medication") can match you with an actual psychiatrist. Talkiatry psychiatrists can evaluate you for depression and other issues that may be impacting your mood then implement a personalized treatment plan. Insurance accepted. [Get started with a short online assessment.](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/recommends/talkiatry-depression-medication/ "Talkiatry - Depression Medication") [Visit Talkiatry](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/recommends/talkiatry-depression-medication/ "Talkiatry - Depression Medication") ## Serotonin & Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) [SNRIs](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/snri/) are another commonly prescribed type of medication for depression, and these medications work on both serotonin and norepinephrine receptors in the brain.5 While serotonin affects mood, norepinephrine is developed in the adrenal glands and is more closely linked to energy levels and focus. SNRI medications commonly prescribed to treat depression include: - [Desvenlafaxine (Pristiq)](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/pristiq-desvenlafaxine/)\* - [Duloxetine (Cymbalta)](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/duloxetine-cymbalta/)\* - [Levomilnacipran (Fetzima](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/fetzima-levomilnacipran/))\* - [Venlafaxine (Effexor XR)](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/effexor-venlafaxine/)\* \This medication carries a black box warning for increased risk of suicide. A black box warning is the most serious warning from the FDA.* ### Side Effects of SNRIs [SNRIs are similar to SSRIs](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/snri-vs-ssri/) because they both work on serotonin receptors. In addition to the common [side effects of SSRIs](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/ssri-side-effects/), SNRIs can also cause other adverse effects.\5 Adverse side effects of SNRIs include: - Nervousness or anxiety - Dry mouth - Excessive energy levels - Loss of appetite - High blood pressure - Increased suicidal ideation \This is not a comprehensive list of side effects. As with SSRI medications, women who become pregnant should notify their prescriber immediately for advice on whether to continue or stop the medication. Also, SNRIs also have the potential to increase suicidal thoughts in young people in the same way that SSRIs can. SNRI medications can also cause unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when people stop taking them abruptly. People are recommended to taper off these medications under prescriber supervision.5 ## Tricyclic & Tetracyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) [Tricyclic antidepressants](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/tricyclic-antidepressants/) are an older class of medications that were once commonly used to treat depression, and now are prescribed less often. TCAs carry higher risks for adverse effects and are often only prescribed when SSRI and SNRI medications are ineffective.2,4 TCAs work on multiple receptors in the brain, resulting in increased levels of both norepinephrine and serotonin.7 The only difference between tricyclic and [tetracyclic antidepressants](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/tetracyclic-antidepressants/) is how many rings are in their chemical structure (three vs. four). TCAs prescribed to treat depression include: - [Amitriptyline](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/elavil-amitriptyline/)\* - Amoxapine\* - [Desipramine (Norpramin)](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/desipramine/)\* - [Doxepin](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/doxepin/)\* - [Imipramine (Tofranil)](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/tofranil-imipramine/)\* - [Nortriptyline (Pamelor)](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/pamelor-nortriptyline/)\* - Protriptyline\* - Trimipramine\* \This medication carries a black box warning for increased risk of suicide. A black box warning is the most serious warning from the FDA.* ### Side Effects of TCAs TCAs are just as effective as SSRI and SNRI medications in treating depression but carry higher risks for serious side effects. Side effects associated with TCAs can include:\7 - Dry mouth - Constipation - Dizziness - Confusion - Sedation - Drops in blood pressure - Weight gain and increased appetite - Trouble urinating More serious risks associated with TCAs can include:\7 - Cardiac problems (can be fatal) - Seizures (for those with epilepsy) - Increased suicidal ideation (in those under age 24) - Serotonin syndrome - Withdrawal symptoms (when stopped abruptly) - Birth defects (in the eyes, ears, neck, and face) \This is not a comprehensive list of side effects.* ## Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) [MAOIs](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/how-to-treat-depression/) are the oldest type of antidepressant medications. They work by blocking a particular enzyme responsible for clearing out excess serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine from the brain.6 By blocking this enzyme (monoamine oxidase), MAOIs make these chemicals more available to the brain, helping with deficiencies associated with depressive symptoms.8 With adverse effects similar to TCA’s, MAOIs are typically prescribed only when frontline SSRI and SNRI medications are ineffective.2,4,5 MAOIs commonly prescribed to treat depression include: - [Isocarboxazid (Marplan](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/marplan-isocarboxazid/))\* - [Phenelzine (Nardil)](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/nardil-phenelzine/)\* - Selegiline (Emsam)\* - Tranylcypromine (Parnate)\* \This medication carries a black box warning for increased risk of suicide. A black box warning is the most serious warning from the FDA.* ### Side Effects of MAOIs Common side effects of MAOIs can include:\8 - Dizziness - Headache - Dry mouth - Nausea - Diarrhea or constipation - Sleep problems (drowsiness or insomnia) - Skin rashes - Trouble urinating - Lowered sexual desire - Difficulty reaching orgasm - Weight gain - Muscle cramps, tics or jerking - Tingling skin - Weight gain - Lowered blood pressure In addition to these known side effects, MAOIs can sometimes carry the risk for more serious side effects, such as:\6,8 - Increased risk for suicidal ideation (particularly in younger people) - Tardive dyskinesia - Dangerous interactions with certain foods and medications which can cause spikes in blood pressure - Serotonin syndrome - May be harmful to unborn babies when exposed in-utero - Dangerous withdrawal symptoms when stopping abruptly, which can include the risk for convulsions, psychosis, or flu-like symptoms \This is not a comprehensive list of side effects.* ## Other Medications for Depression While most antidepressant medications fall within one of the above categories, there are a few outliers. Some medications prescribed for depression are atypical in their mechanism of action but result in the same neurotransmitter activity in the brain. These medications all work on one or more of the three neurotransmitters most closely involved in depression (serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine). Common antidepressants that don’t fit in the four medication classes above include:5 - *Bupropion (Wellbutrin)\: [Wellbutrin](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/wellbutrin-bupropion/) is an antidepressant that works on norepinephrine and dopamine receptors and is also prescribed for smoking cessation, ADHD, and for those concerned about weight gain as a side effect - Trazodone\:* [Trazodone](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/trazodone/) an antidepressant that works by increasing serotonin, and is also often prescribed for insomnia - *Mirtazapine (Remeron)\: [Remeron (mirtazapine)](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/remeron-mirtazapine/) is an antidepressant that works to increase the amount of noradrenaline and serotonin in the brain - Nefazodone\:* [Nefazodone](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/nefazodone-serzone/) is an antidepressant that works to increase the amount of serotonin in the brain - Auvelity (dextromethorphan-bupropion)\: [Auvelity (dextromethorphan-bupropion)](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/auvelity-dextromethorphan-bupropion/) is a brand new FDA-approved medication for treating depression in adults. This drug is the first FDA-approved medication targeting NMDA receptors, possibly opening new avenues for treatment-resistant depression. [ADVERTISEMENT](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/advertising-policy/) Personalized Treatment for Depression [Talkiatry](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/recommends/talkiatry-depression-medication/ "Talkiatry - Depression Medication") can match you with an actual psychiatrist. Talkiatry psychiatrists can evaluate you for depression and other issues that may be impacting your mood then implement a personalized treatment plan. Insurance accepted. [Get started with a short online assessment.](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/recommends/talkiatry-depression-medication/ "Talkiatry - Depression Medication") [Visit Talkiatry](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/recommends/talkiatry-depression-medication/ "Talkiatry - Depression Medication") ## Common Side Effects of Depression Medication While antidepressants can be incredibly helpful, it’s important to know the risks and side effects before starting a new medication. Talk to your doctor and prescriber about any concerns you may have about [antidepressant side effects](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/side-effects-of-antidepressants/). ### Antidepressants & Suicide Risk Antidepressants carry a black box warning for increased risk of suicidal thinking, feelings, and behavior in young people. This is part of why they [require a prescription](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/how-to-get-antidepressants/). A black box warning is the most serious type of warning issued by the FDA. If you are concerned about this warning with taking an antidepressant, talk with your doctor to better understand [how antidepressants may make you feel](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/how-do-antidepressants-make-you-feel/) or how they may affect your symptoms to determine the best treatment for you. ### Withdrawal Symptoms of Antidepressants When discontinuing depression medication, it’s important to do so with guidance from your prescriber to ensure you are minimizing any withdrawal symptoms. Antidepressant withdrawal symptoms may include: - Mood swings - Flu-like symptoms - Restlessness - Confusion - Trouble sleeping - Dizziness You should never make a change to your medication dose or stop taking your medication before talking with your doctor. They will help to decide what is the correct dose for you and to develop a plan for you to safely change or discontinue your medication. ## When Can I Expect to Feel Better After Beginning a New Medication? According to Thompson, “Many medications for daily anxiety and depression (such as the SSRIs and SNRIs) take 3-6 weeks to [start working](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/how-long-does-it-take-for-antidepressants-to-work/). Even then, studies show that some patients are late responders and may have improved response up to 8-12 weeks after starting a medication. Patience is important. But in some cases, the dose may still be too low, or the patient may not be responding. In these cases, it’s important to have a conversation with the prescriber to determine an appropriate next step. This might include increasing the dose, changing the medication, or adding an augmenting agent (which is another medication to improve the response beyond that of the first medication).” ## How Long Will You Have to Take Medication for Depression? The length of time you may need to remain on medication will depend on individual circumstances and medical needs. Some may be advised to stay on medication for 6 months if it was their first depressive episode; however, those with major depression disorder and a history of multiple episodes may be advised to take it for 1-3 years or long-term. The timeline of medication really is based on your unique symptoms, your history, and the way you adjust to the medication. ## Can You Become Addicted to Antidepressants? Unlike many other medications such as pain medication and sleeping aids, antidepressants are not habit forming. Antidepressants do not have an immediate impact, rather they work over a long period of time. As a result, the lack of immediate benefits doesn’t leave room for any habit-forming actions. While there can be symptoms of withdrawal if discontinuing antidepressants, antidepressants themselves are not habit forming, or addictive. ## Determining the Right Antidepressant Medication Treatment decisions should be the result of collaboration between you and your provider, and it is important to play an active role in your treatment plan. Several factors can play a role. For example, you may consider medications from different drug classes (SSRI vs SNRI), such as comparing [Effexor vs Lexapro](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/effexor-vs-lexapro/). Other factors such as age, condition being treated, and health history may influence this decision. Those who decide to try an antidepressant medication should defer to the knowledge and expertise of a prescriber, but also should provide their prescriber with all the information needed to make a recommendation. The following factors might influence which medication a prescriber chooses to treat a person’s depression:2,4,5 - Age:* medication is typically not recommended as a frontline treatment for children, teens, and even older adults with depression because of unique adverse effects that can occur. Certain antidepressants carry higher risks of these age-related risk factors. - Symptom severity: major depressive disorder is diagnosed as either mild, moderate, or severe, depending on the number of symptoms reported by the patient. The severity of symptoms helps the provider determine recommendations for treatment. - Other medications: all medications have the potential to interact with other prescribed drugs, sometimes in unexpected ways. Those on medications should inform the provider to help guard against adverse effects or interactions. - Treatment history: when a person has tried one or more treatments for depression (therapy or medication) in the past, knowing what was helpful and unhelpful can be important in helping the provider make treatment recommendations. - Medication compliance: certain antidepressant medications can cause dangerous withdrawals or rebound symptoms when a person stops taking them abruptly. Let the provider know if you have been noncompliant or inconsistent with medication in the past. - Substance use: some medications prescribed for depression carry risks for abuse and addiction. If you have struggled in the past with addiction, it is important to let the provider know. Also, if you are currently abusing any substances recreationally (even alcohol), you should ask about potential interactions with any newly prescribed medications. - Specific symptoms: not everyone who has depression has the same symptoms, and different medications can be recommended for targeting specific symptoms. Make sure you discuss your symptoms with the provider, emphasizing those causing the most impairment for you. - Response to treatment: getting a prescription for an antidepressant is just the beginning of treatment and follow up appointments are important. These appointments help the provider determine whether the medication is working or not. Make sure to attend scheduled follow-ups and to speak up about whether your symptoms are improving, as well as mentioning any side effects. Based on your report, adjustments may be made. - Patient preference: if you have a strong preference for what kind of treatment or medication you receive, let the prescriber know. Your input is important, and any treatment decisions should be made collaboratively with you and the provider. ## Make Antidepressants Work for You: 6 Ways to Give Medication the Best Chance Each person is unique, and may respond differently to different drugs, even ones within the same class of medication. It is not uncommon for a person to try more than one antidepressant before finding one that works for them. You cannot control which drugs will work for you and which will not, but there are some lifestyle changes you can make to help manage your depressive symptoms. Here are six ways to give medication the best chance of working: ### 1\. Attend Therapy Therapy can help identify and address root issues of depression and teach more effective methods of coping. A combination of medication and therapy is most likely to provide lasting improvements in symptoms.2,3 ### 2\. Communicate With Your Care Team Thompson suggests, “After starting a medication, a patient should have follow-up appointments at regular intervals (typically every 3-5 weeks when medications are added or dosages are changed). As it can be hard to remember, It can sometimes help for patients to write a list of benefits or side effects they’ve noted during that time, to report back to their provider. Additionally, if a patient has a therapist and prescribing physician or nurse practitioner, signing a release so that the prescriber and therapist can collaborate in care can ultimately help the patient achieve a more coordinated treatment effort.” ### 3\. Work On Sobriety Taking a break from alcohol and recreational drugs is often recommended after starting a new medication. This helps to lower the risk of adverse effects or interactions, and helps you establish whether the medication is working. ### 4\. Try Supplements & OTC Medications Certain vitamins, supplements, and over-the-counter medications can interfere or interact with prescribed antidepressants. Make sure to talk to your doctor about anything you take and consider taking a break from these if there is a possibility of a negative interaction. That way, you can be sure that side effects are from the medication, and not from an interaction. ### 5\. Sleep, Exercise, & Eat Well Eating well, sleeping enough, and getting adequate exercise form the basis of a healthy lifestyle, and are important for all aspects of your physical and mental health. Remaining consistent with healthy routines will help ensure that side effects are not the result of poor lifestyle habits like not sleeping enough or overeating. Certain types of exercise like yoga have more research supporting their ability to reduce depressive symptoms.4 ### 6\. Follow a Routine The goal of medication is to improve a person’s ability to function in their daily lives so following your normal routine is important to establish whether the medication is working. Pushing through low energy, motivation and mood can be challenging, but not doing so tends to worsen symptoms, counteracting any effects of the medication. ## Natural Treatment Options for Depression If you’re looking to supplement your medication or for [alternative treatments for depression](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/alternative-treatment-for-depression/), there are some natural options that can help lessen depression symptoms. Here are examples of natural treatment options for depression: - Positive lifestyle changes: improved diet, exercise, and sleep hygiene can help to minimize depression symptoms. - St John’s Wort: [St. John’s Wort](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/st-johns-wort/) comes from a plant and has many benefits that mimic those of SSRIs. However, it should not be taken with SSRIs. St John’s Wort has significant interactions with many medications, so ask your doctor before beginning taking St John’s Wort or any other herb or supplement. - Light therapy: light therapy lamps mimic natural sunlight, which can improve mood and significantly help with [seasonal affective disorder (SAD)](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/seasonal-affective-disorder/). ## Final Thoughts on Medication for Depression If you’ve been dealing with depression, you may want to talk to your doctor about medication. Especially when combined with therapy, antidepressants can make a big difference in your quality of life. ## Additional Resources To help our readers take the next step in their mental health journey, ChoosingTherapy.com has partnered with leaders in mental health and wellness. ChoosingTherapy.com is compensated for marketing by the companies included below. Online Psychiatry Covered by Insurance [Talkiatry](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/recommends/talkiatry-resources-medication/ "Talkiatry - Resources Medication") – Work with a psychiatrist online. Insurance accepted, and new patients welcome. Get personalized mental care including medication. If allowed in your state and right for you, this can include controlled substances. [Start with a short online assessment.](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/recommends/talkiatry-resources-medication/ "Talkiatry - Resources Medication") [Circle Medical](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/recommends/circle-medical-anxiety-non-controlled-medication-resources/ "Circle Medical - Anxiety Non-Controlled Medication Resources") – Anxiety and Depression Treatment. Meet with an online doctor today! All prescriptions are based on necessity determined by a medical professional. Diagnosis and prescription over video. Insurance accepted. No membership or hidden fees. Same day appointments. [Visit Circle Medical](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/recommends/circle-medical-anxiety-non-controlled-medication-resources/ "Circle Medical - Anxiety Non-Controlled Medication Resources") Therapy & Medication Management [Brightside Health](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/recommends/brightside-ad-medication-resources-non-controlled/ "Brightside - A&D Medication Resources Non-Controlled") – develops personalized plans that are unique to you and offers 1 on 1 support from start to finish. Brightside Health accepts United Healthcare, Anthem, Cigna, and Aetna. Appointments in as little as 24 hours. [Start Free Assessment](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/recommends/brightside-ad-medication-resources-non-controlled/ "Brightside - A&D Medication Resources Non-Controlled") Talk Therapy [BetterHelp](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/recommends/betterhelp-medication-resources/ "BetterHelp - Medication Resources") – Get support and guidance from a licensed therapist. BetterHelp has over 30,000 therapists who provide convenient and affordable online therapy. BetterHelp starts at \$65 per week and is FSA/HSA eligible by most providers. Take a Free Online Assessment and get matched with the right therapist for you. [Take free assessment](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/recommends/betterhelp-medication-resources/ "BetterHelp - Medication Resources") ## For Further Reading - [Best Online Psychiatry Services](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/best-online-psychiatrist/) - [Hers Mental Health Review](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/hers-mental-health-review/) - [Pristiq & Alcohol: Everything You Need to Know](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/pristiq-and-alcohol/) - [How to Get a Wellbutrin Prescription: Everything You Need to Know](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/how-to-get-prescribed-wellbutrin/) - [Lexapro Withdrawal: Symptoms, Duration, & How to Cope](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/lexapro-withdrawal/) - [Lexapro (Escitalopram) Side Effects in the First Week](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/lexapro-side-effects-first-week/) - [Symbyax (Olanzapine-Fluoxetine): Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, & More](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/symbyax/) [SPONSORED](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/advertising-policy/) [![Online Anxiety Test](data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgMTA4MCAxMDgwIiB3aWR0aD0iMTA4MCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxMDgwIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==)](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/recommends/stories-talkiatry-and-medication/ "Stories - Talkiatry and Medication") [Online Anxiety Test](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/recommends/stories-talkiatry-and-medication/ "Stories - Talkiatry and Medication") A few questions from Talkiatry can help you understand your symptoms and give you a recommendation for what to do next. [Take Test](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/recommends/stories-talkiatry-and-medication/ "Stories - Talkiatry and Medication") [![Best Online Psychiatry Services](data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgMTA4MCAxMDgwIiB3aWR0aD0iMTA4MCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxMDgwIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==)](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/best-online-psychiatrist/) [Best Online Psychiatry Services](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/best-online-psychiatrist/) Online psychiatry, sometimes called telepsychiatry, platforms offer medication management by phone, video, or secure messaging for a variety of mental health conditions. In some cases, online psychiatry may be more affordable than seeing an in-person provider. Mental health treatment has expanded to include many online psychiatry and therapy services. With so many choices, it can feel overwhelming to find the one that is right for you. [Read more](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/best-online-psychiatrist/) ![Medication Newsletter](data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgMzc3IDMwOCIgd2lkdGg9IjM3NyIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMDgiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyI+PC9zdmc+) A free newsletter for those interested in starting therapy. Get helpful tips and the latest information. Sources Update History ChoosingTherapy.com strives to provide our readers with mental health content that is accurate and actionable. We have high standards for what can be cited within our articles. Acceptable sources include government agencies, universities and colleges, scholarly journals, industry and professional associations, and other high-integrity sources of mental health journalism. Learn more by reviewing our full [editorial policy](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/editorial-policy/). - Pandya, M., Altinay, M., Malone, D. A., Jr, & Anand, A. (2012). Where in the brain is depression?. Current psychiatry reports, 14(6), 634–642. <https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-012-0322-7> - American Psychiatry Association. Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients With Major Depressive Disorder, Third Edition. 2010:152. - DeRubeis, R. J., Siegle, G. J., & Hollon, S. D. (2008). Cognitive therapy versus medication for depression: treatment outcomes and neural mechanisms. Nature reviews. Neuroscience, 9(10), 788–796. <https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2345> - Gautam, S., Jain, A., Gautam, M., Vahia, V. N., & Grover, S. (2017). Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of Depression. Indian journal of psychiatry, 59(Suppl 1), S34–S50. <https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.196973> - Richelson, E. (2017). Pharmacology of antidepressants. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 76(5), 511-527. <https://doi.org/10.4065/76.5.511> - Cornett, E. M., Novitch, M., Kaye, A. D., Kata, V., & Kaye, A. M. (2017). Medication-Induced Tardive Dyskinesia: A Review and Update. The Ochsner journal, 17(2), 162–174. - Moraczewski J, Aedma KK. Tricyclic Antidepressants. \[Updated 2020 May 30\]. In: StatPearls \[Internet\]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020 Jan-. Available from: <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557791/> - Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). 9/12/2019. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Retrieved from <https://www.nchmd.org/education/mayo-health-library/details/ART-20043992> Show more ![Click here to open the article sources container.](data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgMTYgMTYiIHdpZHRoPSIxNiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxNiIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIj48L3N2Zz4=) We regularly update the articles on ChoosingTherapy.com to ensure we continue to reflect scientific consensus on the topics we cover, to incorporate new research into our articles, and to better answer our audience’s questions. When our content undergoes a significant revision, we summarize the changes that were made and the date on which they occurred. We also record the authors and medical reviewers who contributed to previous versions of the article. Read more about [our editorial policies here](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/editorial-policy/). February 27, 2023 Author: No Change Reviewer: No Change Primary Changes: Updated for readability and clarity. Reviewed and added relevant resources. May 6, 2022 Author: No Change Reviewer: No Change Primary Changes: Updated for readability and clarity. Reviewed and added relevant resources. Added “Withdrawal Symptoms of Antidepressants”, “How Long Will You Have to Take Medication for Depression?”, “Can You Become Addicted to Antidepressants?”, and “Natural Treatment Options for Depression”. New material written by [Silvi Saxena, MBA, MSW, LSW, CCTP, OSW-C](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/silvi-saxena/) and reviewed by [Dena Westphalen, PharmD](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/dena-westphalen-pharm-d/). August 18, 2020 Author: Hailey Shafir, LCMHCS, LPCS, LCAS, CCS Reviewer: Dena Westphalen, PharmD Show more ![Click here to open the article update history container.](data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgMTYgMTYiIHdpZHRoPSIxNiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxNiIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIj48L3N2Zz4=) ## Your Voice Matters #### Can't find what you're looking for? Request an article! Tell ChoosingTherapy.com’s editorial team what questions you have about mental health, emotional wellness, relationships, and parenting. Our licensed therapists are just waiting to cover new topics you care about\! [Request an Article](https://forms.gle/dhrvv6XpuJ2D1XSY7) #### Leave your feedback for our editors. Share your feedback on this article with our editors. 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Readable Markdown	![](https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=38276821&cv=3.6.0&cj=1) [Skip to content](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#content) ![](data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgNDAgNDAiIHdpZHRoPSI0MCIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIj48L3N2Zz4=) ![](data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgMTkgMTgiIHdpZHRoPSIxOSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxOCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIj48L3N2Zz4=) Join our Newsletter Get helpful tips and the latest information - [Depression](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#what-is-depression)[Depression](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#what-is-depression) - [Antidepressants](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#what-are-antidepressants)[Antidepressants](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#what-are-antidepressants) - [SSRIs](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#selective-serotonin-reuptake-inhibitors-ssris)[SSRIs](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#selective-serotonin-reuptake-inhibitors-ssris) - [SNRIs](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#serotonin-norepinephrine-reuptake-inhibitors-snris)[SNRIs](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#serotonin-norepinephrine-reuptake-inhibitors-snris) - [TCAs](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#tricyclic-tetracyclic-antidepressants-tcas)[TCAs](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#tricyclic-tetracyclic-antidepressants-tcas) - [MAOIs](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#monoamine-oxidase-inhibitors-maois)[MAOIs](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#monoamine-oxidase-inhibitors-maois) - [Other Medications](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#other-medications-for-depression)[Other Medications](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#other-medications-for-depression) - [Side Effects](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#common-side-effects-of-depression-medication)[Side Effects](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#common-side-effects-of-depression-medication) - [Timeline](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#when-can-i-expect-to-feel-better-after-beginning-a-new-medication)[Timeline](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#when-can-i-expect-to-feel-better-after-beginning-a-new-medication) - [Duration](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#how-long-will-you-have-to-take-medication-for-depression)[Duration](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#how-long-will-you-have-to-take-medication-for-depression) - [Addiction](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#can-you-become-addicted-to-antidepressants)[Addiction](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#can-you-become-addicted-to-antidepressants) - [Choosing](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#determining-the-right-antidepressant-medication)[Choosing](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#determining-the-right-antidepressant-medication) - [Utilizing](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#make-antidepressants-work-for-you-6-ways-to-give-medication-the-best-chance)[Utilizing](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#make-antidepressants-work-for-you-6-ways-to-give-medication-the-best-chance) - [Natural Treatments](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#natural-treatment-options-for-depression)[Natural Treatments](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#natural-treatment-options-for-depression) - [Conclusion](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#final-thoughts-on-medication-for-depression)[Conclusion](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#final-thoughts-on-medication-for-depression) - [Additional Resources](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#additional-resources)[Additional Resources](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#additional-resources) ## Medication for Depression: Types, Side Effects, and Management [![Headshot of Hailey Shafir, LCMHCS, LPCS, LCAS, CCS](https://cdn-biiph.nitrocdn.com/UZREvxxQGAxeXhcoPyzyCLtvaevIaCgD/assets/images/optimized/rev-4aa1002/www.choosingtherapy.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Hailey-Shaifer-LPCS-Headshot-66x66.jpg)](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/hailey-shafir-lpcs-lcas-ccs/) Author: Hailey Shafir, LCMHCS, LPCS, LCAS, CCS Hailey specializes in adults, children, and families with addiction and mental health disorders. [![Headshot of Dena Westphalen, Pharm. D.](https://cdn-biiph.nitrocdn.com/UZREvxxQGAxeXhcoPyzyCLtvaevIaCgD/assets/images/optimized/rev-4aa1002/www.choosingtherapy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Headshot-66x66.jpg)](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/dena-westphalen-pharm-d/) Medical Reviewer: Dena Westphalen, Pharm.D ![Licensed medical reviewer ](data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgMjAgMjAiIHdpZHRoPSIyMCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIyMCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIj48L3N2Zz4=) Dr. Dena Westphalen is a pharmacist with expertise in clinical research and drug information. She has interests in neurology, oncology, and global health. Published: February 27, 2023 - [Depression](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#what-is-depression)[Depression](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#what-is-depression) - [Antidepressants](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#what-are-antidepressants)[Antidepressants](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#what-are-antidepressants) - [SSRIs](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#selective-serotonin-reuptake-inhibitors-ssris)[SSRIs](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#selective-serotonin-reuptake-inhibitors-ssris) - [SNRIs](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#serotonin-norepinephrine-reuptake-inhibitors-snris)[SNRIs](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#serotonin-norepinephrine-reuptake-inhibitors-snris) - [TCAs](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#tricyclic-tetracyclic-antidepressants-tcas)[TCAs](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#tricyclic-tetracyclic-antidepressants-tcas) - [MAOIs](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#monoamine-oxidase-inhibitors-maois)[MAOIs](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#monoamine-oxidase-inhibitors-maois) - [Other Medications](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#other-medications-for-depression)[Other Medications](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#other-medications-for-depression) - [Side Effects](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#common-side-effects-of-depression-medication)[Side Effects](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#common-side-effects-of-depression-medication) - [Timeline](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#when-can-i-expect-to-feel-better-after-beginning-a-new-medication)[Timeline](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#when-can-i-expect-to-feel-better-after-beginning-a-new-medication) - [Duration](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#how-long-will-you-have-to-take-medication-for-depression)[Duration](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#how-long-will-you-have-to-take-medication-for-depression) - [Addiction](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#can-you-become-addicted-to-antidepressants)[Addiction](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#can-you-become-addicted-to-antidepressants) - [Choosing](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#determining-the-right-antidepressant-medication)[Choosing](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#determining-the-right-antidepressant-medication) - [Utilizing](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#make-antidepressants-work-for-you-6-ways-to-give-medication-the-best-chance)[Utilizing](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#make-antidepressants-work-for-you-6-ways-to-give-medication-the-best-chance) - [Natural Treatments](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#natural-treatment-options-for-depression)[Natural Treatments](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#natural-treatment-options-for-depression) - [Conclusion](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#final-thoughts-on-medication-for-depression)[Conclusion](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#final-thoughts-on-medication-for-depression) - [Additional Resources](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#additional-resources)[Additional Resources](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/medication-for-depression/#additional-resources) Sources Update History ChoosingTherapy.com strives to provide our readers with mental health content that is accurate and actionable. We have high standards for what can be cited within our articles. Acceptable sources include government agencies, universities and colleges, scholarly journals, industry and professional associations, and other high-integrity sources of mental health journalism. Learn more by reviewing our full [editorial policy](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/editorial-policy/). - Pandya, M., Altinay, M., Malone, D. A., Jr, & Anand, A. (2012). Where in the brain is depression?. Current psychiatry reports, 14(6), 634–642. <https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-012-0322-7> - American Psychiatry Association. Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients With Major Depressive Disorder, Third Edition. 2010:152. - DeRubeis, R. J., Siegle, G. J., & Hollon, S. D. (2008). Cognitive therapy versus medication for depression: treatment outcomes and neural mechanisms. Nature reviews. Neuroscience, 9(10), 788–796. <https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2345> - Gautam, S., Jain, A., Gautam, M., Vahia, V. N., & Grover, S. (2017). Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of Depression. Indian journal of psychiatry, 59(Suppl 1), S34–S50. <https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.196973> - Richelson, E. (2017). Pharmacology of antidepressants. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 76(5), 511-527. <https://doi.org/10.4065/76.5.511> - Cornett, E. M., Novitch, M., Kaye, A. D., Kata, V., & Kaye, A. M. (2017). Medication-Induced Tardive Dyskinesia: A Review and Update. The Ochsner journal, 17(2), 162–174. - Moraczewski J, Aedma KK. Tricyclic Antidepressants. \[Updated 2020 May 30\]. In: StatPearls \[Internet\]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020 Jan-. Available from: <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557791/> - Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). 9/12/2019. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Retrieved from <https://www.nchmd.org/education/mayo-health-library/details/ART-20043992> We regularly update the articles on ChoosingTherapy.com to ensure we continue to reflect scientific consensus on the topics we cover, to incorporate new research into our articles, and to better answer our audience’s questions. When our content undergoes a significant revision, we summarize the changes that were made and the date on which they occurred. We also record the authors and medical reviewers who contributed to previous versions of the article. Read more about [our editorial policies here](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/editorial-policy/). February 27, 2023 Author: No Change Reviewer: No Change Primary Changes: Updated for readability and clarity. Reviewed and added relevant resources. May 6, 2022 Author: No Change Reviewer: No Change Primary Changes: Updated for readability and clarity. Reviewed and added relevant resources. Added “Withdrawal Symptoms of Antidepressants”, “How Long Will You Have to Take Medication for Depression?”, “Can You Become Addicted to Antidepressants?”, and “Natural Treatment Options for Depression”. New material written by [Silvi Saxena, MBA, MSW, LSW, CCTP, OSW-C](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/silvi-saxena/) and reviewed by [Dena Westphalen, PharmD](https://www.choosingtherapy.com/dena-westphalen-pharm-d/). August 18, 2020 Author: Hailey Shafir, LCMHCS, LPCS, LCAS, CCS Reviewer: Dena Westphalen, PharmD ## Your Voice Matters #### Can't find what you're looking for? Request an article! Tell ChoosingTherapy.com’s editorial team what questions you have about mental health, emotional wellness, relationships, and parenting. Our licensed therapists are just waiting to cover new topics you care about\! #### Leave your feedback for our editors. Share your feedback on this article with our editors. If there’s something we missed or something we could improve on, we’d love to hear it. 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