🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 116 (from laksa170)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa116.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.childrenscolorado.org/just-ask-childrens/articles/melatonin/\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.childrenscolorado.org/just-ask-childrens/articles/melatonin/\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/just-ask-childrens\/articles\/melatonin\/","crawl_time":1776346551,"first_indexed_time":1732570591,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"org,childrenscolorado!www,\/just-ask-childrens\/articles\/melatonin\/ s443","src_root_hash":"2114932622669821316","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Is Melatonin Safe for Kids? | Children's Hospital Colorado","meta_descriptions":["Melatonin use has surged among children in recent years, but is it safe? Our sleep expert weighs in on when and how to use melatonin supplements for kids."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Melatonin is a hormone that the body naturally produces to help us fall asleep and stay asleep. It’s also a common supplement, with melatonin pills and gummies serving as many parents’ go-to fix for their children’s sleep issues.\nWhile\nmelatonin use among children\nhas risen a striking 530% in the past few years, so has public uncertainty. Reports of inconsistent dosage, improperly labeled ingredients and even potential overdose have added confusion.\nThis leaves many parents wondering: Is melatonin safe for kids? How much is too much, and when should kids try it? Pediatrician and pediatric sleep provider,\nAntoinette Burns, DO, MPH\n, answers these important questions and clears up the confusion around when and how to use melatonin for children.\nNatural melatonin and kids\nIf your little one is having trouble\nfalling or staying asleep,\nthere are a few important steps to try before turning to melatonin.\n“We don't recommend using melatonin without first addressing the overall picture of sleep,” Dr. Burns says. “Most of the time, the solution is not melatonin. Instead, changing routines, habits and thoughts about sleep can effectively train or re-train the brain to sleep well.”\nHealthy sleep habits\n, often referred to as sleep hygiene, encompass everything from what you do before bed to the spaces you sleep in.\nA healthy sleep environment for children is quiet, dark and cool. Additionally, elements such as a white noise machine, a special blanket or a bedtime story can all play a role in establishing a consistent bedtime routine that regulates children's sleep.\n“These types of changes are shown to be the most effective over time,” Dr. Burns says. “It is also important to look for other sleep disorders or medical conditions that could be disrupting a child’s sleep.”\nConsistency is key for when you fall asleep and wake up, too.\n“It’s best to have a regular sleep and wake up time, and to avoid napping if they’re over the age of five or beyond when their body naturally needs a nap,” Dr. Burns says.\nAfternoon naps can be especially disruptive for children who have outgrown the need for daily naps because they make a child less sleepy when they have to go to bed a few hours later.\n“When we sleep and when we nap, we wash out adenosine, a sleep-inducing neurotransmitter, that builds up when we are awake throughout the day. This neurotransmitter increases our sleep drive, and a certain amount is necessary to help us fall asleep at night,” Dr. Burns explains. “Taking a nap decreases adenosine, so It's almost like you're starting over, having to build up that neurotransmitter to sleep again.”\nWhen should my child start melatonin?\nIf all the important sleep hygiene steps have been exhausted and a child still struggles to fall asleep, Dr. Burns may have her patients try the lowest possible dose of nightly melatonin.\n“Most people will respond just as well or better to lower doses compared to higher doses,” Dr. Burns says. However, she doesn’t advise giving melatonin to children under the age of 3.\nAdditionally, children who identify as neurodiverse may benefit from taking melatonin. “Children with\nADHD\n,\nautism\nand many other\nneurodevelopmental disorders\ntend to really struggle with sleep,” Dr. Burns says. “There are many different reasons why, but it’s in part related to melatonin.”\n“It’s great if we can get success from melatonin instead of prescription medications that have more side effects and concerns,” she says.\nHow melatonin works for children\nDespite the prevalence of melatonin as a sleep aid among both children and adults, it isn’t the best way to promote a full night’s sleep.\n“Melatonin doesn’t last very long,” Dr. Burns says. “The average melatonin supplement from the drug store isn’t going to stay in most people’s systems long enough to keep them asleep throughout the night.”\nMelatonin is often used as a hypnotic — a substance people can take when they want to fall asleep within 30 minutes to an hour. But it actually works better when used as a chronobiotic, a substance that builds up to regulate a person’s circadian rhythm, or sleep-wake cycle, over time.\n“I recommend that parents give melatonin to their child two to three hours before the desired bedtime, so that we can build up the peak of melatonin to coincide with their natural sleep cycle,” Dr. Burns says.\nKids who take melatonin sporadically to sleep on cue after being unable to fall asleep for hours likely won’t experience great results and may further exacerbate poor sleep habits, such as going to bed too late, in the meantime.\nMelatonin and screen time\nPowering down screens at least one hour before bedtime is essential — not only because screens stimulate the brain and make it hard to wind down, but also because they’re a source of light.\n\"Exposure to light can decrease the body's natural production of melatonin, which can make it harder to fall asleep,” Dr. Burns explains.\nThat’s because the body naturally suppresses melatonin in response to sunlight exposure during the day. At night, exposure to darkness prompts melatonin to flood our brains, making us sleepy. Research shows that even small amounts of bright light exposure at night can\nsuppress\nmelatonin in children, making it harder to fall asleep.\nOne of the best ways to minimize your child’s\nscreen time\nbefore bed is to power down your own devices and demonstrate alternative wind-down habits.\n“Often, children learn screen habits from adults, so that's usually part of my approach — ensuring parents are setting a great example.”\nDangers of taking melatonin\nAlthough melatonin is inherently safe, using the supplement incorrectly can pose risks.\n“Any medication or supplement, such as melatonin, is intended to be used on a short-term basis, typically six months or less” Dr. Burns says. “It should not be considered a lifelong solution or be made part of a bedtime routine for an indefinite amount of time.”\nA core reason why melatonin isn’t recommended for long periods of time is because it can minimize or replace healthy habits that can improve sleep, such as physical activity.\n“A lack of sunlight exposure and\nphysical activity\nnegatively impact sleep,” Dr. Burns says. “Natural sunlight is the most effective driver of our natural circadian rhythms.”\nRelying on melatonin for a long period of time can minimize the role of such activities in a child’s life. In turn, they may grow up not understanding how to maintain a healthy sleep schedule as part of a healthy lifestyle, which can set them up for a life of\ninsomnia\nand reliance on sleep supplements.\nMelatonin and behavioral changes\nSince the use of melatonin directly impacts a child’s rest, it can also determine how tired a child is during the day. Tired children tend to be more agitated, aggressive and anxious.\nInsufficient sleep\nis also associated with less attentiveness and poorer cognitive and social functioning.\nSuch sleep-related behavioral changes can occur despite the use of melatonin, because the child may still be waking up in the middle of the night due to the supplement’s poor lifespan.\nSide effects of melatonin in kids\nMelatonin isn’t known to have severe side effects. However, depending on the dosage consumed, melatonin can leave a child feeling drowsy during the day. Mood disturbances,\nheadaches\nand dizziness have also been reported in children.\n“Sometimes, melatonin can cause\nnight terrors\n,\nnightmares\nor other parasomnias, but for other children it could help to reduce those disruptions in a child’s sleep.”\nOverall, melatonin use in children hasn’t been widely studied. That’s why it’s important to proceed with caution when considering using melatonin supplements to help your child sleep.\nMelatonin poisoning in kids\nIt’s extremely unlikely for a child to overdose on melatonin. Between 2012 and 2021, 2.25% of all pediatric ingestion calls made to poison control centers concerned\nmelatonin ingestion\n, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Most reported melatonin overdoses are asymptomatic, but some reported side effects of melatonin overdose were related to the stomach, heart and central nervous system.\nThe CDC also reported two deaths from melatonin, both occurring in children under the age of 2. One of the deaths occurred as a result of intentional medication misuse by the child’s caregiver.\nParents and caregivers should be aware that not all melatonin is created equally. Unlike prescription medications, melatonin and other supplements aren’t regulated in the same way by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).\n“One important aspect of safety that the FDA is looking for when they approve a medication is purity,” Dr. Burns says. “They make sure that the label matches what is in the bottle. For supplements, like melatonin, this important safety step is not required.”\nMost consumers expect a product’s label to accurately reflect its contents. However, studies have shown that the purity and strength of melatonin can vary greatly between supplement brands. For example, a 2017 study of 30 brands found that more than 70% of\nmelatonin supplements\ncontained a different amount of melatonin than what their labels suggested. In some cases, supplements contained 80% less melatonin than the bottle’s indication, and up to 400 times more.\nSome melatonin supplement studies revealed contaminants like serotonin, which, while related to healthy sleep, can have more serious side effects when overconsumed or taken inadvertently. Even more pressing is that such findings were discovered in products already on shelves.\n“The FDA does look at the safety of supplements, but it's after the fact — and not until someone reports a problem or decides to research it,” Dr. Burns adds. The best way to keep your child from taking too much melatonin unintentionally is to lock it up in a child-safe cabinet or container. Treat melatonin the same way you’d treat any other prescription or over-the-counter drug. And it’s still important to seek medical advice from a trusted healthcare provider before giving it to your child.\n“We strongly recommend that parents talk with either their pediatrician or another pediatric healthcare provider before starting their child on melatonin,” Dr. Burns says.","attrs_markdown":"![](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/Content\/images\/logo-chco-mark-color.svg) ![Children's Hospital Colorado](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/Content\/images\/logo-chco-type-color.svg)\n\nClose\n\n- [![](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/Static\/chco\/images\/system-images\/cta-phone.svg) 1-800-624-6553](tel:1-800-624-6553)\n- [![](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/Static\/chco\/images\/system-images\/cta-sign-up.svg) Contact Us](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/contact-us\/)\n- [![](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/Static\/chco\/images\/system-images\/cta-pay-bill.svg) Pay Your Bill](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/your-visit\/pay-for-care\/billing-payment\/)\n\n##### ParentSmart HealthlineTM\nCaring pediatric nurses are available 24\/7 to help answer your questions.\n\n- [![](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/Static\/chco\/images\/system-images\/cta-nurses-line.svg) 720-777-0123](tel:720-777-0123)\n\n##### Send Postal Mail To:\nChildren’s Hospital Colorado  \nAnschutz Medical Campus  \n13123 East 16th Avenue  \nAurora, CO 80045\n\n[Looking for a different location?](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/locations\/)\n\nClose\n\n## Emergency and urgent care locations\nIn life-threatening emergencies, find the emergency room location nearest you. For non-life-threatening medical needs when your pediatrician is unavailable, visit one of our urgent care locations.\n\n### Emergency locations (24\/7)\n[Find the closest emergency location](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/locationsapi\/findclosestlocation?LocationSearchForm.CareType=1&LocationSearchForm.EUCare=true)\n\n[See all emergency locations](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/locations\/?LocationSearchForm.CareType=1&LocationSearchForm.EUCare=true)\n\n### Urgent care locations (hours vary)\n[Find the closest urgent care location](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/locationsapi\/findclosestlocation?LocationSearchForm.CareType=2&LocationSearchForm.EUCare=true)\n\n[See all urgent care locations](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/locations\/?LocationSearchForm.CareType=2&LocationSearchForm.EUCare=true)\n\nNot sure if you need urgent or emergency care? [Help me decide](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/your-visit\/prepare-for-your-visit\/urgent-vs-emergency-care\/)\n\n## All locations\nSee a listing of all our Children’s Hospital Colorado locations including inpatient, outpatient, therapy, surgery facilities and more.\n\n### Locations near you\n[Find the closest location](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/locationsapi\/findclosestlocation?LocationSearchForm.EUCare=)\n\n[See all locations](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/locations\/)\n\n- [Español](https:\/\/espanol.childrenscolorado.org\/)\n- [Careers](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/careers\/ \"Careers\")\n- [Healthcare Professionals](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/health-professionals\/ \"Healthcare Professionals\")\n- [Search](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/just-ask-childrens\/articles\/melatonin\/)\n- [Contact](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/just-ask-childrens\/articles\/melatonin\/#utility-contact)\n- [Locations](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/just-ask-childrens\/articles\/melatonin\/#utility-locations)\n- [MyChart](https:\/\/mychart.childrenscolorado.org\/MyChart\/)\n- [Urgent Care](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/urgent-care-emergency\/)\n- [Schedule an Appointment](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/schedule-an-appointment\/)\n- [Donate](https:\/\/secure.childrenscoloradofoundation.org\/site\/Donation2?mfc_pref=T&df_id=7462&7462.donation=form1&autologin=true)\n\nMore Options\n\n- [Contact](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/just-ask-childrens\/articles\/melatonin\/#utility-contact)\n- [Locations](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/just-ask-childrens\/articles\/melatonin\/#utility-locations)\n- [MyChart](https:\/\/mychart.childrenscolorado.org\/MyChart\/)\n- [Urgent Care](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/urgent-care-emergency\/)\n- [Schedule an Appointment](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/schedule-an-appointment\/)\n- [Donate](https:\/\/secure.childrenscoloradofoundation.org\/site\/Donation2?mfc_pref=T&df_id=7462&7462.donation=form1&autologin=true)\n\n[![Children's Hospital Colorado](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/Static\/chco\/images\/system-images\/logo-mobile.svg) ![](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/Content\/images\/logo-chco-mark-color.svg) ![Children's Hospital Colorado](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/Content\/images\/logo-chco-type-color.svg)](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/)\n\n[ES Switch to English language](https:\/\/espanol.childrenscolorado.org\/)\n\nSearch\n\nClose\n\nMain Menu\n\n- [Contact](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/just-ask-childrens\/articles\/melatonin\/#utility-contact)\n- [Locations](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/just-ask-childrens\/articles\/melatonin\/#utility-locations)\n- [MyChart](https:\/\/mychart.childrenscolorado.org\/MyChart\/)\n- [Urgent Care](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/urgent-care-emergency\/)\n- [Schedule an Appointment](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/schedule-an-appointment\/)\n- [Donate](https:\/\/secure.childrenscoloradofoundation.org\/site\/Donation2?mfc_pref=T&df_id=7462&7462.donation=form1&autologin=true)\n\n- [Doctors & Departments](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/doctors-and-departments\/)\n  - 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[Just Ask Children's](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/just-ask-childrens\/)\n2. [Parenting Articles](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/just-ask-childrens\/articles\/)\n3. Is Melatonin Safe for Kids? A Guide to Sleep, Side Effects and Dosage\n\n# Is Melatonin Safe for Kids? A Guide to Sleep, Side Effects and Dosage\n*6\/16\/2023 8 min. read*\n\n![A young girl sleeps in a bed.](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/globalassets\/parenting-advice\/articles\/melatonin-article-image_1280x720.jpg?v=49d91a)\n\nMelatonin is a hormone that the body naturally produces to help us fall asleep and stay asleep. It’s also a common supplement, with melatonin pills and gummies serving as many parents’ go-to fix for their children’s sleep issues.\n\nWhile [melatonin use among children](https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/aapnews\/news\/20503\/Study-Melatonin-ingestions-in-children-spiked-530?autologincheck=redirected) has risen a striking 530% in the past few years, so has public uncertainty. Reports of inconsistent dosage, improperly labeled ingredients and even potential overdose have added confusion.\n\nThis leaves many parents wondering: Is melatonin safe for kids? How much is too much, and when should kids try it? Pediatrician and pediatric sleep provider, [Antoinette Burns, DO, MPH](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/doctors-and-departments\/physicians\/b\/antoinette-burns\/), answers these important questions and clears up the confusion around when and how to use melatonin for children.\n\n## Natural melatonin and kids\nIf your little one is having trouble [falling or staying asleep,](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/just-ask-childrens\/articles\/get-kids-fall-asleep\/) there are a few important steps to try before turning to melatonin.\n\n“We don't recommend using melatonin without first addressing the overall picture of sleep,” Dr. Burns says. “Most of the time, the solution is not melatonin. Instead, changing routines, habits and thoughts about sleep can effectively train or re-train the brain to sleep well.”\n\n[Healthy sleep habits](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/just-ask-childrens\/articles\/kids-sleep-benefits\/), often referred to as sleep hygiene, encompass everything from what you do before bed to the spaces you sleep in.\n\nA healthy sleep environment for children is quiet, dark and cool. Additionally, elements such as a white noise machine, a special blanket or a bedtime story can all play a role in establishing a consistent bedtime routine that regulates children's sleep.\n\n“These types of changes are shown to be the most effective over time,” Dr. Burns says. “It is also important to look for other sleep disorders or medical conditions that could be disrupting a child’s sleep.”\n\nConsistency is key for when you fall asleep and wake up, too.\n\n“It’s best to have a regular sleep and wake up time, and to avoid napping if they’re over the age of five or beyond when their body naturally needs a nap,” Dr. Burns says.\n\nAfternoon naps can be especially disruptive for children who have outgrown the need for daily naps because they make a child less sleepy when they have to go to bed a few hours later.\n\n“When we sleep and when we nap, we wash out adenosine, a sleep-inducing neurotransmitter, that builds up when we are awake throughout the day. This neurotransmitter increases our sleep drive, and a certain amount is necessary to help us fall asleep at night,” Dr. Burns explains. “Taking a nap decreases adenosine, so It's almost like you're starting over, having to build up that neurotransmitter to sleep again.”\n\n### When should my child start melatonin?\nIf all the important sleep hygiene steps have been exhausted and a child still struggles to fall asleep, Dr. Burns may have her patients try the lowest possible dose of nightly melatonin.\n\n“Most people will respond just as well or better to lower doses compared to higher doses,” Dr. Burns says. However, she doesn’t advise giving melatonin to children under the age of 3.\n\nAdditionally, children who identify as neurodiverse may benefit from taking melatonin. “Children with [ADHD](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/conditions-and-advice\/conditions-and-symptoms\/conditions\/adhd\/), [autism](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/conditions-and-advice\/conditions-and-symptoms\/conditions\/autism-spectrum-disorders\/) and many other [neurodevelopmental disorders](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/doctors-and-departments\/departments\/neuroscience-institute\/conditions-we-treat\/) tend to really struggle with sleep,” Dr. Burns says. “There are many different reasons why, but it’s in part related to melatonin.”\n\n“It’s great if we can get success from melatonin instead of prescription medications that have more side effects and concerns,” she says.\n\n### How melatonin works for children\nDespite the prevalence of melatonin as a sleep aid among both children and adults, it isn’t the best way to promote a full night’s sleep.\n\n“Melatonin doesn’t last very long,” Dr. Burns says. “The average melatonin supplement from the drug store isn’t going to stay in most people’s systems long enough to keep them asleep throughout the night.”\n\nMelatonin is often used as a hypnotic — a substance people can take when they want to fall asleep within 30 minutes to an hour. But it actually works better when used as a chronobiotic, a substance that builds up to regulate a person’s circadian rhythm, or sleep-wake cycle, over time.\n\n“I recommend that parents give melatonin to their child two to three hours before the desired bedtime, so that we can build up the peak of melatonin to coincide with their natural sleep cycle,” Dr. Burns says.\n\nKids who take melatonin sporadically to sleep on cue after being unable to fall asleep for hours likely won’t experience great results and may further exacerbate poor sleep habits, such as going to bed too late, in the meantime.\n\n### Melatonin and screen time\nPowering down screens at least one hour before bedtime is essential — not only because screens stimulate the brain and make it hard to wind down, but also because they’re a source of light.\n\n\"Exposure to light can decrease the body's natural production of melatonin, which can make it harder to fall asleep,” Dr. Burns explains.\n\nThat’s because the body naturally suppresses melatonin in response to sunlight exposure during the day. At night, exposure to darkness prompts melatonin to flood our brains, making us sleepy. Research shows that even small amounts of bright light exposure at night can [suppress](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/34997782\/) melatonin in children, making it harder to fall asleep.\n\nOne of the best ways to minimize your child’s [screen time](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/archive\/children-technology-guidelines\/) before bed is to power down your own devices and demonstrate alternative wind-down habits.\n\n“Often, children learn screen habits from adults, so that's usually part of my approach — ensuring parents are setting a great example.”\n\n## Dangers of taking melatonin\nAlthough melatonin is inherently safe, using the supplement incorrectly can pose risks.\n\n“Any medication or supplement, such as melatonin, is intended to be used on a short-term basis, typically six months or less” Dr. Burns says. “It should not be considered a lifelong solution or be made part of a bedtime routine for an indefinite amount of time.”\n\nA core reason why melatonin isn’t recommended for long periods of time is because it can minimize or replace healthy habits that can improve sleep, such as physical activity.\n\n“A lack of sunlight exposure and [physical activity](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/just-ask-childrens\/articles\/mental-health-benefits-exercise\/) negatively impact sleep,” Dr. Burns says. “Natural sunlight is the most effective driver of our natural circadian rhythms.”\n\nRelying on melatonin for a long period of time can minimize the role of such activities in a child’s life. In turn, they may grow up not understanding how to maintain a healthy sleep schedule as part of a healthy lifestyle, which can set them up for a life of [insomnia](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/conditions-and-advice\/conditions-and-symptoms\/conditions\/sleep-disorders-children\/) and reliance on sleep supplements.\n\n### Melatonin and behavioral changes\nSince the use of melatonin directly impacts a child’s rest, it can also determine how tired a child is during the day. Tired children tend to be more agitated, aggressive and anxious. [Insufficient sleep](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/conditions-and-advice\/conditions-and-symptoms\/conditions\/sleep-deprivation\/) is also associated with less attentiveness and poorer cognitive and social functioning.\n\nSuch sleep-related behavioral changes can occur despite the use of melatonin, because the child may still be waking up in the middle of the night due to the supplement’s poor lifespan.\n\n### Side effects of melatonin in kids\nMelatonin isn’t known to have severe side effects. However, depending on the dosage consumed, melatonin can leave a child feeling drowsy during the day. Mood disturbances, [headaches](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/conditions-and-advice\/conditions-and-symptoms\/conditions\/headaches\/) and dizziness have also been reported in children.\n\n“Sometimes, melatonin can cause [night terrors](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/conditions-and-advice\/conditions-and-symptoms\/conditions\/night-terrors\/), [nightmares](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/conditions-and-advice\/conditions-and-symptoms\/conditions\/nightmares\/) or other parasomnias, but for other children it could help to reduce those disruptions in a child’s sleep.”\n\nOverall, melatonin use in children hasn’t been widely studied. That’s why it’s important to proceed with caution when considering using melatonin supplements to help your child sleep.\n\n### Melatonin poisoning in kids\nIt’s extremely unlikely for a child to overdose on melatonin. Between 2012 and 2021, 2.25% of all pediatric ingestion calls made to poison control centers concerned [melatonin ingestion](https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mmwr\/volumes\/71\/wr\/mm7122a1.htm), according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Most reported melatonin overdoses are asymptomatic, but some reported side effects of melatonin overdose were related to the stomach, heart and central nervous system.\n\nThe CDC also reported two deaths from melatonin, both occurring in children under the age of 2. One of the deaths occurred as a result of intentional medication misuse by the child’s caregiver.\n\nParents and caregivers should be aware that not all melatonin is created equally. Unlike prescription medications, melatonin and other supplements aren’t regulated in the same way by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).\n\n“One important aspect of safety that the FDA is looking for when they approve a medication is purity,” Dr. Burns says. “They make sure that the label matches what is in the bottle. For supplements, like melatonin, this important safety step is not required.”\n\nMost consumers expect a product’s label to accurately reflect its contents. However, studies have shown that the purity and strength of melatonin can vary greatly between supplement brands. For example, a 2017 study of 30 brands found that more than 70% of [melatonin supplements](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5263083\/) contained a different amount of melatonin than what their labels suggested. In some cases, supplements contained 80% less melatonin than the bottle’s indication, and up to 400 times more.\n\nSome melatonin supplement studies revealed contaminants like serotonin, which, while related to healthy sleep, can have more serious side effects when overconsumed or taken inadvertently. Even more pressing is that such findings were discovered in products already on shelves.\n\n“The FDA does look at the safety of supplements, but it's after the fact — and not until someone reports a problem or decides to research it,” Dr. Burns adds. The best way to keep your child from taking too much melatonin unintentionally is to lock it up in a child-safe cabinet or container. Treat melatonin the same way you’d treat any other prescription or over-the-counter drug. And it’s still important to seek medical advice from a trusted healthcare provider before giving it to your child.\n\n“We strongly recommend that parents talk with either their pediatrician or another pediatric healthcare provider before starting their child on melatonin,” Dr. Burns says.\n\n## Tags\n- [Health](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/just-ask-childrens\/articles\/?topic=Health)\n- [Sleep](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/just-ask-childrens\/articles\/?topic=Sleep)\n- [Toddlers (2-4)](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/just-ask-childrens\/articles\/?topic=\\(3\\)%20Toddlers)\n- [Kids (5-10)](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/just-ask-childrens\/articles\/?topic=\\(4\\)%20Kids)\n- [Pre-Teens & Teens (11+)](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/just-ask-childrens\/articles\/?topic=\\(5\\)%20Pre-Teens%20&%20Teens)\n\n## Stay connected with us\n- [Subscribe](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/just-ask-childrens\/subscribe\/)\n- [Follow us on Youtube](https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/thechildrenshospital)\n- [Follow us on Linked In](https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/children%27s-hospital-colorado)\n\n## Related articles\n![Two children sit on the ground in front of a green camping tent near a rocky stream, facing each other and playing a clapping hand game, with backpacks and outdoor gear nearby.](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/contentassets\/7f133d0caf3c493fa97e86844712d66f\/summer-camps-and-activities.jpg?v=49721e&width=520&height=402)\n\n[Summer Fun With Camps and Activities](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/just-ask-childrens\/articles\/summer-activities-camps\/)\n\nSummer is full of opportunities for kids to explore, play and grow. Learn how to choose the right camps and activities for them while keeping safety, balance and well-being top of mind all season long.\n\n![](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/globalassets\/parenting-advice\/sports-articles\/building-a-high-performance-lunch.jpg?v=496941&width=520&height=402)\n\n[High-Performance Lunch Tips for Athletes](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/just-ask-childrens\/articles\/lunch-tips-athletes\/)\n\nPractical lunch ideas that help athletes fuel their bodies to perform their best.\n\n![](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/contentassets\/4c0b83f9e9914ec6b3d2e81a909bf94c\/safe-sleep-for-babies.jpg?v=495001&width=520&height=402)\n\n[Safe Sleeping for Infants](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/just-ask-childrens\/articles\/safe-sleep-babies\/)\n\nHear from experts on ways to reduce the risk of SIDS, control overheating and other ways to help keep your baby safe while they sleep.\n\nAbout Children's Hospital Colorado\n\nWe see more, treat more and heal more children than any hospital in our seven-state region. 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This provider either practices in a department or specialty that we currently do not survey, or does not have at least 10 ratings in the last 12 months. Learn more about [patient ratings and reviews](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/about\/quality\/patient-experience\/patient-ratings-reviews\/).\n\n### Provider affiliation\n![Close Dialog](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/Static\/chco\/images\/system-images\/icon-close-2018.svg)\n\n#### **Children's Hospital Colorado providers**\nChildren’s Hospital Colorado providers are faculty members of the University of Colorado School of Medicine. Our specialists are nationally ranked and globally recognized for delivering the best possible care in pediatrics.\n\n#### **Community providers**\nSome healthcare professionals listed on our website have medical privileges to practice at Children’s Hospital Colorado, but they are community providers. They schedule and bill separately for their services, and are not employees of the Hospital.","attrs_readable_markdown":"Melatonin is a hormone that the body naturally produces to help us fall asleep and stay asleep. It’s also a common supplement, with melatonin pills and gummies serving as many parents’ go-to fix for their children’s sleep issues.\n\nWhile [melatonin use among children](https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/aapnews\/news\/20503\/Study-Melatonin-ingestions-in-children-spiked-530?autologincheck=redirected) has risen a striking 530% in the past few years, so has public uncertainty. Reports of inconsistent dosage, improperly labeled ingredients and even potential overdose have added confusion.\n\nThis leaves many parents wondering: Is melatonin safe for kids? How much is too much, and when should kids try it? Pediatrician and pediatric sleep provider, [Antoinette Burns, DO, MPH](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/doctors-and-departments\/physicians\/b\/antoinette-burns\/), answers these important questions and clears up the confusion around when and how to use melatonin for children.\n\n## Natural melatonin and kids\nIf your little one is having trouble [falling or staying asleep,](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/just-ask-childrens\/articles\/get-kids-fall-asleep\/) there are a few important steps to try before turning to melatonin.\n\n“We don't recommend using melatonin without first addressing the overall picture of sleep,” Dr. Burns says. “Most of the time, the solution is not melatonin. Instead, changing routines, habits and thoughts about sleep can effectively train or re-train the brain to sleep well.”\n\n[Healthy sleep habits](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/just-ask-childrens\/articles\/kids-sleep-benefits\/), often referred to as sleep hygiene, encompass everything from what you do before bed to the spaces you sleep in.\n\nA healthy sleep environment for children is quiet, dark and cool. Additionally, elements such as a white noise machine, a special blanket or a bedtime story can all play a role in establishing a consistent bedtime routine that regulates children's sleep.\n\n“These types of changes are shown to be the most effective over time,” Dr. Burns says. “It is also important to look for other sleep disorders or medical conditions that could be disrupting a child’s sleep.”\n\nConsistency is key for when you fall asleep and wake up, too.\n\n“It’s best to have a regular sleep and wake up time, and to avoid napping if they’re over the age of five or beyond when their body naturally needs a nap,” Dr. Burns says.\n\nAfternoon naps can be especially disruptive for children who have outgrown the need for daily naps because they make a child less sleepy when they have to go to bed a few hours later.\n\n“When we sleep and when we nap, we wash out adenosine, a sleep-inducing neurotransmitter, that builds up when we are awake throughout the day. This neurotransmitter increases our sleep drive, and a certain amount is necessary to help us fall asleep at night,” Dr. Burns explains. “Taking a nap decreases adenosine, so It's almost like you're starting over, having to build up that neurotransmitter to sleep again.”\n\n### When should my child start melatonin?\nIf all the important sleep hygiene steps have been exhausted and a child still struggles to fall asleep, Dr. Burns may have her patients try the lowest possible dose of nightly melatonin.\n\n“Most people will respond just as well or better to lower doses compared to higher doses,” Dr. Burns says. However, she doesn’t advise giving melatonin to children under the age of 3.\n\nAdditionally, children who identify as neurodiverse may benefit from taking melatonin. “Children with [ADHD](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/conditions-and-advice\/conditions-and-symptoms\/conditions\/adhd\/), [autism](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/conditions-and-advice\/conditions-and-symptoms\/conditions\/autism-spectrum-disorders\/) and many other [neurodevelopmental disorders](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/doctors-and-departments\/departments\/neuroscience-institute\/conditions-we-treat\/) tend to really struggle with sleep,” Dr. Burns says. “There are many different reasons why, but it’s in part related to melatonin.”\n\n“It’s great if we can get success from melatonin instead of prescription medications that have more side effects and concerns,” she says.\n\n### How melatonin works for children\nDespite the prevalence of melatonin as a sleep aid among both children and adults, it isn’t the best way to promote a full night’s sleep.\n\n“Melatonin doesn’t last very long,” Dr. Burns says. “The average melatonin supplement from the drug store isn’t going to stay in most people’s systems long enough to keep them asleep throughout the night.”\n\nMelatonin is often used as a hypnotic — a substance people can take when they want to fall asleep within 30 minutes to an hour. But it actually works better when used as a chronobiotic, a substance that builds up to regulate a person’s circadian rhythm, or sleep-wake cycle, over time.\n\n“I recommend that parents give melatonin to their child two to three hours before the desired bedtime, so that we can build up the peak of melatonin to coincide with their natural sleep cycle,” Dr. Burns says.\n\nKids who take melatonin sporadically to sleep on cue after being unable to fall asleep for hours likely won’t experience great results and may further exacerbate poor sleep habits, such as going to bed too late, in the meantime.\n\n### Melatonin and screen time\nPowering down screens at least one hour before bedtime is essential — not only because screens stimulate the brain and make it hard to wind down, but also because they’re a source of light.\n\n\"Exposure to light can decrease the body's natural production of melatonin, which can make it harder to fall asleep,” Dr. Burns explains.\n\nThat’s because the body naturally suppresses melatonin in response to sunlight exposure during the day. At night, exposure to darkness prompts melatonin to flood our brains, making us sleepy. Research shows that even small amounts of bright light exposure at night can [suppress](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/34997782\/) melatonin in children, making it harder to fall asleep.\n\nOne of the best ways to minimize your child’s [screen time](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/archive\/children-technology-guidelines\/) before bed is to power down your own devices and demonstrate alternative wind-down habits.\n\n“Often, children learn screen habits from adults, so that's usually part of my approach — ensuring parents are setting a great example.”\n\n## Dangers of taking melatonin\nAlthough melatonin is inherently safe, using the supplement incorrectly can pose risks.\n\n“Any medication or supplement, such as melatonin, is intended to be used on a short-term basis, typically six months or less” Dr. Burns says. “It should not be considered a lifelong solution or be made part of a bedtime routine for an indefinite amount of time.”\n\nA core reason why melatonin isn’t recommended for long periods of time is because it can minimize or replace healthy habits that can improve sleep, such as physical activity.\n\n“A lack of sunlight exposure and [physical activity](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/just-ask-childrens\/articles\/mental-health-benefits-exercise\/) negatively impact sleep,” Dr. Burns says. “Natural sunlight is the most effective driver of our natural circadian rhythms.”\n\nRelying on melatonin for a long period of time can minimize the role of such activities in a child’s life. In turn, they may grow up not understanding how to maintain a healthy sleep schedule as part of a healthy lifestyle, which can set them up for a life of [insomnia](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/conditions-and-advice\/conditions-and-symptoms\/conditions\/sleep-disorders-children\/) and reliance on sleep supplements.\n\n### Melatonin and behavioral changes\nSince the use of melatonin directly impacts a child’s rest, it can also determine how tired a child is during the day. Tired children tend to be more agitated, aggressive and anxious. [Insufficient sleep](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/conditions-and-advice\/conditions-and-symptoms\/conditions\/sleep-deprivation\/) is also associated with less attentiveness and poorer cognitive and social functioning.\n\nSuch sleep-related behavioral changes can occur despite the use of melatonin, because the child may still be waking up in the middle of the night due to the supplement’s poor lifespan.\n\n### Side effects of melatonin in kids\nMelatonin isn’t known to have severe side effects. However, depending on the dosage consumed, melatonin can leave a child feeling drowsy during the day. Mood disturbances, [headaches](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/conditions-and-advice\/conditions-and-symptoms\/conditions\/headaches\/) and dizziness have also been reported in children.\n\n“Sometimes, melatonin can cause [night terrors](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/conditions-and-advice\/conditions-and-symptoms\/conditions\/night-terrors\/), [nightmares](https:\/\/www.childrenscolorado.org\/conditions-and-advice\/conditions-and-symptoms\/conditions\/nightmares\/) or other parasomnias, but for other children it could help to reduce those disruptions in a child’s sleep.”\n\nOverall, melatonin use in children hasn’t been widely studied. That’s why it’s important to proceed with caution when considering using melatonin supplements to help your child sleep.\n\n### Melatonin poisoning in kids\nIt’s extremely unlikely for a child to overdose on melatonin. Between 2012 and 2021, 2.25% of all pediatric ingestion calls made to poison control centers concerned [melatonin ingestion](https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mmwr\/volumes\/71\/wr\/mm7122a1.htm), according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Most reported melatonin overdoses are asymptomatic, but some reported side effects of melatonin overdose were related to the stomach, heart and central nervous system.\n\nThe CDC also reported two deaths from melatonin, both occurring in children under the age of 2. One of the deaths occurred as a result of intentional medication misuse by the child’s caregiver.\n\nParents and caregivers should be aware that not all melatonin is created equally. Unlike prescription medications, melatonin and other supplements aren’t regulated in the same way by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).\n\n“One important aspect of safety that the FDA is looking for when they approve a medication is purity,” Dr. Burns says. “They make sure that the label matches what is in the bottle. For supplements, like melatonin, this important safety step is not required.”\n\nMost consumers expect a product’s label to accurately reflect its contents. However, studies have shown that the purity and strength of melatonin can vary greatly between supplement brands. For example, a 2017 study of 30 brands found that more than 70% of [melatonin supplements](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5263083\/) contained a different amount of melatonin than what their labels suggested. In some cases, supplements contained 80% less melatonin than the bottle’s indication, and up to 400 times more.\n\nSome melatonin supplement studies revealed contaminants like serotonin, which, while related to healthy sleep, can have more serious side effects when overconsumed or taken inadvertently. Even more pressing is that such findings were discovered in products already on shelves.\n\n“The FDA does look at the safety of supplements, but it's after the fact — and not until someone reports a problem or decides to research it,” Dr. Burns adds. The best way to keep your child from taking too much melatonin unintentionally is to lock it up in a child-safe cabinet or container. Treat melatonin the same way you’d treat any other prescription or over-the-counter drug. And it’s still important to seek medical advice from a trusted healthcare provider before giving it to your child.\n\n“We strongly recommend that parents talk with either their pediatrician or another pediatric healthcare provider before starting their child on melatonin,” Dr. Burns says.","meta_canonical":null}

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Meta Description	Melatonin use has surged among children in recent years, but is it safe? Our sleep expert weighs in on when and how to use melatonin supplements for kids.
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Boilerpipe Text	Melatonin is a hormone that the body naturally produces to help us fall asleep and stay asleep. It’s also a common supplement, with melatonin pills and gummies serving as many parents’ go-to fix for their children’s sleep issues. While melatonin use among children has risen a striking 530% in the past few years, so has public uncertainty. Reports of inconsistent dosage, improperly labeled ingredients and even potential overdose have added confusion. This leaves many parents wondering: Is melatonin safe for kids? How much is too much, and when should kids try it? Pediatrician and pediatric sleep provider, Antoinette Burns, DO, MPH , answers these important questions and clears up the confusion around when and how to use melatonin for children. Natural melatonin and kids If your little one is having trouble falling or staying asleep, there are a few important steps to try before turning to melatonin. “We don't recommend using melatonin without first addressing the overall picture of sleep,” Dr. Burns says. “Most of the time, the solution is not melatonin. Instead, changing routines, habits and thoughts about sleep can effectively train or re-train the brain to sleep well.” Healthy sleep habits , often referred to as sleep hygiene, encompass everything from what you do before bed to the spaces you sleep in. A healthy sleep environment for children is quiet, dark and cool. Additionally, elements such as a white noise machine, a special blanket or a bedtime story can all play a role in establishing a consistent bedtime routine that regulates children's sleep. “These types of changes are shown to be the most effective over time,” Dr. Burns says. “It is also important to look for other sleep disorders or medical conditions that could be disrupting a child’s sleep.” Consistency is key for when you fall asleep and wake up, too. “It’s best to have a regular sleep and wake up time, and to avoid napping if they’re over the age of five or beyond when their body naturally needs a nap,” Dr. Burns says. Afternoon naps can be especially disruptive for children who have outgrown the need for daily naps because they make a child less sleepy when they have to go to bed a few hours later. “When we sleep and when we nap, we wash out adenosine, a sleep-inducing neurotransmitter, that builds up when we are awake throughout the day. This neurotransmitter increases our sleep drive, and a certain amount is necessary to help us fall asleep at night,” Dr. Burns explains. “Taking a nap decreases adenosine, so It's almost like you're starting over, having to build up that neurotransmitter to sleep again.” When should my child start melatonin? If all the important sleep hygiene steps have been exhausted and a child still struggles to fall asleep, Dr. Burns may have her patients try the lowest possible dose of nightly melatonin. “Most people will respond just as well or better to lower doses compared to higher doses,” Dr. Burns says. However, she doesn’t advise giving melatonin to children under the age of 3. Additionally, children who identify as neurodiverse may benefit from taking melatonin. “Children with ADHD , autism and many other neurodevelopmental disorders tend to really struggle with sleep,” Dr. Burns says. “There are many different reasons why, but it’s in part related to melatonin.” “It’s great if we can get success from melatonin instead of prescription medications that have more side effects and concerns,” she says. How melatonin works for children Despite the prevalence of melatonin as a sleep aid among both children and adults, it isn’t the best way to promote a full night’s sleep. “Melatonin doesn’t last very long,” Dr. Burns says. “The average melatonin supplement from the drug store isn’t going to stay in most people’s systems long enough to keep them asleep throughout the night.” Melatonin is often used as a hypnotic — a substance people can take when they want to fall asleep within 30 minutes to an hour. But it actually works better when used as a chronobiotic, a substance that builds up to regulate a person’s circadian rhythm, or sleep-wake cycle, over time. “I recommend that parents give melatonin to their child two to three hours before the desired bedtime, so that we can build up the peak of melatonin to coincide with their natural sleep cycle,” Dr. Burns says. Kids who take melatonin sporadically to sleep on cue after being unable to fall asleep for hours likely won’t experience great results and may further exacerbate poor sleep habits, such as going to bed too late, in the meantime. Melatonin and screen time Powering down screens at least one hour before bedtime is essential — not only because screens stimulate the brain and make it hard to wind down, but also because they’re a source of light. "Exposure to light can decrease the body's natural production of melatonin, which can make it harder to fall asleep,” Dr. Burns explains. That’s because the body naturally suppresses melatonin in response to sunlight exposure during the day. At night, exposure to darkness prompts melatonin to flood our brains, making us sleepy. Research shows that even small amounts of bright light exposure at night can suppress melatonin in children, making it harder to fall asleep. One of the best ways to minimize your child’s screen time before bed is to power down your own devices and demonstrate alternative wind-down habits. “Often, children learn screen habits from adults, so that's usually part of my approach — ensuring parents are setting a great example.” Dangers of taking melatonin Although melatonin is inherently safe, using the supplement incorrectly can pose risks. “Any medication or supplement, such as melatonin, is intended to be used on a short-term basis, typically six months or less” Dr. Burns says. “It should not be considered a lifelong solution or be made part of a bedtime routine for an indefinite amount of time.” A core reason why melatonin isn’t recommended for long periods of time is because it can minimize or replace healthy habits that can improve sleep, such as physical activity. “A lack of sunlight exposure and physical activity negatively impact sleep,” Dr. Burns says. “Natural sunlight is the most effective driver of our natural circadian rhythms.” Relying on melatonin for a long period of time can minimize the role of such activities in a child’s life. In turn, they may grow up not understanding how to maintain a healthy sleep schedule as part of a healthy lifestyle, which can set them up for a life of insomnia and reliance on sleep supplements. Melatonin and behavioral changes Since the use of melatonin directly impacts a child’s rest, it can also determine how tired a child is during the day. Tired children tend to be more agitated, aggressive and anxious. Insufficient sleep is also associated with less attentiveness and poorer cognitive and social functioning. Such sleep-related behavioral changes can occur despite the use of melatonin, because the child may still be waking up in the middle of the night due to the supplement’s poor lifespan. Side effects of melatonin in kids Melatonin isn’t known to have severe side effects. However, depending on the dosage consumed, melatonin can leave a child feeling drowsy during the day. Mood disturbances, headaches and dizziness have also been reported in children. “Sometimes, melatonin can cause night terrors , nightmares or other parasomnias, but for other children it could help to reduce those disruptions in a child’s sleep.” Overall, melatonin use in children hasn’t been widely studied. That’s why it’s important to proceed with caution when considering using melatonin supplements to help your child sleep. Melatonin poisoning in kids It’s extremely unlikely for a child to overdose on melatonin. Between 2012 and 2021, 2.25% of all pediatric ingestion calls made to poison control centers concerned melatonin ingestion , according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Most reported melatonin overdoses are asymptomatic, but some reported side effects of melatonin overdose were related to the stomach, heart and central nervous system. The CDC also reported two deaths from melatonin, both occurring in children under the age of 2. One of the deaths occurred as a result of intentional medication misuse by the child’s caregiver. Parents and caregivers should be aware that not all melatonin is created equally. Unlike prescription medications, melatonin and other supplements aren’t regulated in the same way by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). “One important aspect of safety that the FDA is looking for when they approve a medication is purity,” Dr. Burns says. “They make sure that the label matches what is in the bottle. For supplements, like melatonin, this important safety step is not required.” Most consumers expect a product’s label to accurately reflect its contents. However, studies have shown that the purity and strength of melatonin can vary greatly between supplement brands. For example, a 2017 study of 30 brands found that more than 70% of melatonin supplements contained a different amount of melatonin than what their labels suggested. In some cases, supplements contained 80% less melatonin than the bottle’s indication, and up to 400 times more. Some melatonin supplement studies revealed contaminants like serotonin, which, while related to healthy sleep, can have more serious side effects when overconsumed or taken inadvertently. Even more pressing is that such findings were discovered in products already on shelves. “The FDA does look at the safety of supplements, but it's after the fact — and not until someone reports a problem or decides to research it,” Dr. Burns adds. The best way to keep your child from taking too much melatonin unintentionally is to lock it up in a child-safe cabinet or container. Treat melatonin the same way you’d treat any other prescription or over-the-counter drug. And it’s still important to seek medical advice from a trusted healthcare provider before giving it to your child. “We strongly recommend that parents talk with either their pediatrician or another pediatric healthcare provider before starting their child on melatonin,” Dr. Burns says.
Markdown	![](https://www.childrenscolorado.org/Content/images/logo-chco-mark-color.svg) ![Children's Hospital Colorado](https://www.childrenscolorado.org/Content/images/logo-chco-type-color.svg) Close - [![](https://www.childrenscolorado.org/Static/chco/images/system-images/cta-phone.svg) 1-800-624-6553](tel:1-800-624-6553) - [![](https://www.childrenscolorado.org/Static/chco/images/system-images/cta-sign-up.svg) Contact Us](https://www.childrenscolorado.org/contact-us/) - [![](https://www.childrenscolorado.org/Static/chco/images/system-images/cta-pay-bill.svg) Pay Your Bill](https://www.childrenscolorado.org/your-visit/pay-for-care/billing-payment/) ##### ParentSmart HealthlineTM Caring pediatric nurses are available 24/7 to help answer your questions. - [![](https://www.childrenscolorado.org/Static/chco/images/system-images/cta-nurses-line.svg) 720-777-0123](tel:720-777-0123) ##### Send Postal Mail To: Children’s Hospital Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus 13123 East 16th Avenue Aurora, CO 80045 [Looking for a different location?](https://www.childrenscolorado.org/locations/) Close ## Emergency and urgent care locations In life-threatening emergencies, find the emergency room location nearest you. 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[Discover more in Q:](https://www.childrenscolorado.org/advances-answers/) - [Careers](https://www.childrenscolorado.org/careers/ "Careers") - [Healthcare Professionals](https://www.childrenscolorado.org/health-professionals/ "Healthcare Professionals") - [Donate](https://secure.childrenscoloradofoundation.org/site/Donation2?mfc_pref=T&df_id=7462&7462.donation=form1&autologin=true) # ![](https://www.childrenscolorado.org/Static/chco/images/system-images/just-ask-graphic.svg) Just Ask Children's ![U.S. News and World Report honor roll badge](https://www.childrenscolorado.org/globalassets/awards/usnwr-badges/usnwr-honor-roll.png?v=4aaf19) ## Parenting Advice from Our Pediatric Experts Tips and advice to support you through every age and stage of parenting [Subscribe](https://www.childrenscolorado.org/just-ask-childrens/subscribe/) 1. [Just Ask Children's](https://www.childrenscolorado.org/just-ask-childrens/) 2. [Parenting Articles](https://www.childrenscolorado.org/just-ask-childrens/articles/) 3. Is Melatonin Safe for Kids? A Guide to Sleep, Side Effects and Dosage # Is Melatonin Safe for Kids? A Guide to Sleep, Side Effects and Dosage 6/16/2023 8 min. read ![A young girl sleeps in a bed.](https://www.childrenscolorado.org/globalassets/parenting-advice/articles/melatonin-article-image_1280x720.jpg?v=49d91a) Melatonin is a hormone that the body naturally produces to help us fall asleep and stay asleep. It’s also a common supplement, with melatonin pills and gummies serving as many parents’ go-to fix for their children’s sleep issues. While [melatonin use among children](https://publications.aap.org/aapnews/news/20503/Study-Melatonin-ingestions-in-children-spiked-530?autologincheck=redirected) has risen a striking 530% in the past few years, so has public uncertainty. Reports of inconsistent dosage, improperly labeled ingredients and even potential overdose have added confusion. This leaves many parents wondering: Is melatonin safe for kids? How much is too much, and when should kids try it? Pediatrician and pediatric sleep provider, [Antoinette Burns, DO, MPH](https://www.childrenscolorado.org/doctors-and-departments/physicians/b/antoinette-burns/), answers these important questions and clears up the confusion around when and how to use melatonin for children. ## Natural melatonin and kids If your little one is having trouble [falling or staying asleep,](https://www.childrenscolorado.org/just-ask-childrens/articles/get-kids-fall-asleep/) there are a few important steps to try before turning to melatonin. “We don't recommend using melatonin without first addressing the overall picture of sleep,” Dr. Burns says. “Most of the time, the solution is not melatonin. Instead, changing routines, habits and thoughts about sleep can effectively train or re-train the brain to sleep well.” [Healthy sleep habits](https://www.childrenscolorado.org/just-ask-childrens/articles/kids-sleep-benefits/), often referred to as sleep hygiene, encompass everything from what you do before bed to the spaces you sleep in. A healthy sleep environment for children is quiet, dark and cool. Additionally, elements such as a white noise machine, a special blanket or a bedtime story can all play a role in establishing a consistent bedtime routine that regulates children's sleep. “These types of changes are shown to be the most effective over time,” Dr. Burns says. “It is also important to look for other sleep disorders or medical conditions that could be disrupting a child’s sleep.” Consistency is key for when you fall asleep and wake up, too. “It’s best to have a regular sleep and wake up time, and to avoid napping if they’re over the age of five or beyond when their body naturally needs a nap,” Dr. Burns says. Afternoon naps can be especially disruptive for children who have outgrown the need for daily naps because they make a child less sleepy when they have to go to bed a few hours later. “When we sleep and when we nap, we wash out adenosine, a sleep-inducing neurotransmitter, that builds up when we are awake throughout the day. This neurotransmitter increases our sleep drive, and a certain amount is necessary to help us fall asleep at night,” Dr. Burns explains. “Taking a nap decreases adenosine, so It's almost like you're starting over, having to build up that neurotransmitter to sleep again.” ### When should my child start melatonin? If all the important sleep hygiene steps have been exhausted and a child still struggles to fall asleep, Dr. Burns may have her patients try the lowest possible dose of nightly melatonin. “Most people will respond just as well or better to lower doses compared to higher doses,” Dr. Burns says. However, she doesn’t advise giving melatonin to children under the age of 3. Additionally, children who identify as neurodiverse may benefit from taking melatonin. “Children with [ADHD](https://www.childrenscolorado.org/conditions-and-advice/conditions-and-symptoms/conditions/adhd/), [autism](https://www.childrenscolorado.org/conditions-and-advice/conditions-and-symptoms/conditions/autism-spectrum-disorders/) and many other [neurodevelopmental disorders](https://www.childrenscolorado.org/doctors-and-departments/departments/neuroscience-institute/conditions-we-treat/) tend to really struggle with sleep,” Dr. Burns says. “There are many different reasons why, but it’s in part related to melatonin.” “It’s great if we can get success from melatonin instead of prescription medications that have more side effects and concerns,” she says. ### How melatonin works for children Despite the prevalence of melatonin as a sleep aid among both children and adults, it isn’t the best way to promote a full night’s sleep. “Melatonin doesn’t last very long,” Dr. Burns says. “The average melatonin supplement from the drug store isn’t going to stay in most people’s systems long enough to keep them asleep throughout the night.” Melatonin is often used as a hypnotic — a substance people can take when they want to fall asleep within 30 minutes to an hour. But it actually works better when used as a chronobiotic, a substance that builds up to regulate a person’s circadian rhythm, or sleep-wake cycle, over time. “I recommend that parents give melatonin to their child two to three hours before the desired bedtime, so that we can build up the peak of melatonin to coincide with their natural sleep cycle,” Dr. Burns says. Kids who take melatonin sporadically to sleep on cue after being unable to fall asleep for hours likely won’t experience great results and may further exacerbate poor sleep habits, such as going to bed too late, in the meantime. ### Melatonin and screen time Powering down screens at least one hour before bedtime is essential — not only because screens stimulate the brain and make it hard to wind down, but also because they’re a source of light. "Exposure to light can decrease the body's natural production of melatonin, which can make it harder to fall asleep,” Dr. Burns explains. That’s because the body naturally suppresses melatonin in response to sunlight exposure during the day. At night, exposure to darkness prompts melatonin to flood our brains, making us sleepy. Research shows that even small amounts of bright light exposure at night can [suppress](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34997782/) melatonin in children, making it harder to fall asleep. One of the best ways to minimize your child’s [screen time](https://www.childrenscolorado.org/archive/children-technology-guidelines/) before bed is to power down your own devices and demonstrate alternative wind-down habits. “Often, children learn screen habits from adults, so that's usually part of my approach — ensuring parents are setting a great example.” ## Dangers of taking melatonin Although melatonin is inherently safe, using the supplement incorrectly can pose risks. “Any medication or supplement, such as melatonin, is intended to be used on a short-term basis, typically six months or less” Dr. Burns says. “It should not be considered a lifelong solution or be made part of a bedtime routine for an indefinite amount of time.” A core reason why melatonin isn’t recommended for long periods of time is because it can minimize or replace healthy habits that can improve sleep, such as physical activity. “A lack of sunlight exposure and [physical activity](https://www.childrenscolorado.org/just-ask-childrens/articles/mental-health-benefits-exercise/) negatively impact sleep,” Dr. Burns says. “Natural sunlight is the most effective driver of our natural circadian rhythms.” Relying on melatonin for a long period of time can minimize the role of such activities in a child’s life. In turn, they may grow up not understanding how to maintain a healthy sleep schedule as part of a healthy lifestyle, which can set them up for a life of [insomnia](https://www.childrenscolorado.org/conditions-and-advice/conditions-and-symptoms/conditions/sleep-disorders-children/) and reliance on sleep supplements. ### Melatonin and behavioral changes Since the use of melatonin directly impacts a child’s rest, it can also determine how tired a child is during the day. Tired children tend to be more agitated, aggressive and anxious. [Insufficient sleep](https://www.childrenscolorado.org/conditions-and-advice/conditions-and-symptoms/conditions/sleep-deprivation/) is also associated with less attentiveness and poorer cognitive and social functioning. Such sleep-related behavioral changes can occur despite the use of melatonin, because the child may still be waking up in the middle of the night due to the supplement’s poor lifespan. ### Side effects of melatonin in kids Melatonin isn’t known to have severe side effects. However, depending on the dosage consumed, melatonin can leave a child feeling drowsy during the day. Mood disturbances, [headaches](https://www.childrenscolorado.org/conditions-and-advice/conditions-and-symptoms/conditions/headaches/) and dizziness have also been reported in children. “Sometimes, melatonin can cause [night terrors](https://www.childrenscolorado.org/conditions-and-advice/conditions-and-symptoms/conditions/night-terrors/), [nightmares](https://www.childrenscolorado.org/conditions-and-advice/conditions-and-symptoms/conditions/nightmares/) or other parasomnias, but for other children it could help to reduce those disruptions in a child’s sleep.” Overall, melatonin use in children hasn’t been widely studied. That’s why it’s important to proceed with caution when considering using melatonin supplements to help your child sleep. ### Melatonin poisoning in kids It’s extremely unlikely for a child to overdose on melatonin. Between 2012 and 2021, 2.25% of all pediatric ingestion calls made to poison control centers concerned [melatonin ingestion](https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7122a1.htm), according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Most reported melatonin overdoses are asymptomatic, but some reported side effects of melatonin overdose were related to the stomach, heart and central nervous system. The CDC also reported two deaths from melatonin, both occurring in children under the age of 2. One of the deaths occurred as a result of intentional medication misuse by the child’s caregiver. Parents and caregivers should be aware that not all melatonin is created equally. Unlike prescription medications, melatonin and other supplements aren’t regulated in the same way by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). “One important aspect of safety that the FDA is looking for when they approve a medication is purity,” Dr. Burns says. “They make sure that the label matches what is in the bottle. For supplements, like melatonin, this important safety step is not required.” Most consumers expect a product’s label to accurately reflect its contents. However, studies have shown that the purity and strength of melatonin can vary greatly between supplement brands. For example, a 2017 study of 30 brands found that more than 70% of [melatonin supplements](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5263083/) contained a different amount of melatonin than what their labels suggested. In some cases, supplements contained 80% less melatonin than the bottle’s indication, and up to 400 times more. Some melatonin supplement studies revealed contaminants like serotonin, which, while related to healthy sleep, can have more serious side effects when overconsumed or taken inadvertently. Even more pressing is that such findings were discovered in products already on shelves. “The FDA does look at the safety of supplements, but it's after the fact — and not until someone reports a problem or decides to research it,” Dr. Burns adds. The best way to keep your child from taking too much melatonin unintentionally is to lock it up in a child-safe cabinet or container. Treat melatonin the same way you’d treat any other prescription or over-the-counter drug. And it’s still important to seek medical advice from a trusted healthcare provider before giving it to your child. “We strongly recommend that parents talk with either their pediatrician or another pediatric healthcare provider before starting their child on melatonin,” Dr. Burns says. ## Tags - [Health](https://www.childrenscolorado.org/just-ask-childrens/articles/?topic=Health) - [Sleep](https://www.childrenscolorado.org/just-ask-childrens/articles/?topic=Sleep) - [Toddlers (2-4)](https://www.childrenscolorado.org/just-ask-childrens/articles/?topic=\(3\)%20Toddlers) - [Kids (5-10)](https://www.childrenscolorado.org/just-ask-childrens/articles/?topic=\(4\)%20Kids) - [Pre-Teens & Teens (11+)](https://www.childrenscolorado.org/just-ask-childrens/articles/?topic=\(5\)%20Pre-Teens%20&%20Teens) ## Stay connected with us - [Subscribe](https://www.childrenscolorado.org/just-ask-childrens/subscribe/) - [Follow us on Youtube](https://www.youtube.com/user/thechildrenshospital) - [Follow us on Linked In](https://www.linkedin.com/company/children%27s-hospital-colorado) ## Related articles ![Two children sit on the ground in front of a green camping tent near a rocky stream, facing each other and playing a clapping hand game, with backpacks and outdoor gear nearby.](https://www.childrenscolorado.org/contentassets/7f133d0caf3c493fa97e86844712d66f/summer-camps-and-activities.jpg?v=49721e&width=520&height=402) [Summer Fun With Camps and Activities](https://www.childrenscolorado.org/just-ask-childrens/articles/summer-activities-camps/) Summer is full of opportunities for kids to explore, play and grow. Learn how to choose the right camps and activities for them while keeping safety, balance and well-being top of mind all season long. ![](https://www.childrenscolorado.org/globalassets/parenting-advice/sports-articles/building-a-high-performance-lunch.jpg?v=496941&width=520&height=402) [High-Performance Lunch Tips for Athletes](https://www.childrenscolorado.org/just-ask-childrens/articles/lunch-tips-athletes/) Practical lunch ideas that help athletes fuel their bodies to perform their best. ![](https://www.childrenscolorado.org/contentassets/4c0b83f9e9914ec6b3d2e81a909bf94c/safe-sleep-for-babies.jpg?v=495001&width=520&height=402) [Safe Sleeping for Infants](https://www.childrenscolorado.org/just-ask-childrens/articles/safe-sleep-babies/) Hear from experts on ways to reduce the risk of SIDS, control overheating and other ways to help keep your baby safe while they sleep. 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Readable Markdown	Melatonin is a hormone that the body naturally produces to help us fall asleep and stay asleep. It’s also a common supplement, with melatonin pills and gummies serving as many parents’ go-to fix for their children’s sleep issues. While [melatonin use among children](https://publications.aap.org/aapnews/news/20503/Study-Melatonin-ingestions-in-children-spiked-530?autologincheck=redirected) has risen a striking 530% in the past few years, so has public uncertainty. Reports of inconsistent dosage, improperly labeled ingredients and even potential overdose have added confusion. This leaves many parents wondering: Is melatonin safe for kids? How much is too much, and when should kids try it? Pediatrician and pediatric sleep provider, [Antoinette Burns, DO, MPH](https://www.childrenscolorado.org/doctors-and-departments/physicians/b/antoinette-burns/), answers these important questions and clears up the confusion around when and how to use melatonin for children. ## Natural melatonin and kids If your little one is having trouble [falling or staying asleep,](https://www.childrenscolorado.org/just-ask-childrens/articles/get-kids-fall-asleep/) there are a few important steps to try before turning to melatonin. “We don't recommend using melatonin without first addressing the overall picture of sleep,” Dr. Burns says. “Most of the time, the solution is not melatonin. Instead, changing routines, habits and thoughts about sleep can effectively train or re-train the brain to sleep well.” [Healthy sleep habits](https://www.childrenscolorado.org/just-ask-childrens/articles/kids-sleep-benefits/), often referred to as sleep hygiene, encompass everything from what you do before bed to the spaces you sleep in. A healthy sleep environment for children is quiet, dark and cool. Additionally, elements such as a white noise machine, a special blanket or a bedtime story can all play a role in establishing a consistent bedtime routine that regulates children's sleep. “These types of changes are shown to be the most effective over time,” Dr. Burns says. “It is also important to look for other sleep disorders or medical conditions that could be disrupting a child’s sleep.” Consistency is key for when you fall asleep and wake up, too. “It’s best to have a regular sleep and wake up time, and to avoid napping if they’re over the age of five or beyond when their body naturally needs a nap,” Dr. Burns says. Afternoon naps can be especially disruptive for children who have outgrown the need for daily naps because they make a child less sleepy when they have to go to bed a few hours later. “When we sleep and when we nap, we wash out adenosine, a sleep-inducing neurotransmitter, that builds up when we are awake throughout the day. This neurotransmitter increases our sleep drive, and a certain amount is necessary to help us fall asleep at night,” Dr. Burns explains. “Taking a nap decreases adenosine, so It's almost like you're starting over, having to build up that neurotransmitter to sleep again.” ### When should my child start melatonin? If all the important sleep hygiene steps have been exhausted and a child still struggles to fall asleep, Dr. Burns may have her patients try the lowest possible dose of nightly melatonin. “Most people will respond just as well or better to lower doses compared to higher doses,” Dr. Burns says. However, she doesn’t advise giving melatonin to children under the age of 3. Additionally, children who identify as neurodiverse may benefit from taking melatonin. “Children with [ADHD](https://www.childrenscolorado.org/conditions-and-advice/conditions-and-symptoms/conditions/adhd/), [autism](https://www.childrenscolorado.org/conditions-and-advice/conditions-and-symptoms/conditions/autism-spectrum-disorders/) and many other [neurodevelopmental disorders](https://www.childrenscolorado.org/doctors-and-departments/departments/neuroscience-institute/conditions-we-treat/) tend to really struggle with sleep,” Dr. Burns says. “There are many different reasons why, but it’s in part related to melatonin.” “It’s great if we can get success from melatonin instead of prescription medications that have more side effects and concerns,” she says. ### How melatonin works for children Despite the prevalence of melatonin as a sleep aid among both children and adults, it isn’t the best way to promote a full night’s sleep. “Melatonin doesn’t last very long,” Dr. Burns says. “The average melatonin supplement from the drug store isn’t going to stay in most people’s systems long enough to keep them asleep throughout the night.” Melatonin is often used as a hypnotic — a substance people can take when they want to fall asleep within 30 minutes to an hour. But it actually works better when used as a chronobiotic, a substance that builds up to regulate a person’s circadian rhythm, or sleep-wake cycle, over time. “I recommend that parents give melatonin to their child two to three hours before the desired bedtime, so that we can build up the peak of melatonin to coincide with their natural sleep cycle,” Dr. Burns says. Kids who take melatonin sporadically to sleep on cue after being unable to fall asleep for hours likely won’t experience great results and may further exacerbate poor sleep habits, such as going to bed too late, in the meantime. ### Melatonin and screen time Powering down screens at least one hour before bedtime is essential — not only because screens stimulate the brain and make it hard to wind down, but also because they’re a source of light. "Exposure to light can decrease the body's natural production of melatonin, which can make it harder to fall asleep,” Dr. Burns explains. That’s because the body naturally suppresses melatonin in response to sunlight exposure during the day. At night, exposure to darkness prompts melatonin to flood our brains, making us sleepy. Research shows that even small amounts of bright light exposure at night can [suppress](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34997782/) melatonin in children, making it harder to fall asleep. One of the best ways to minimize your child’s [screen time](https://www.childrenscolorado.org/archive/children-technology-guidelines/) before bed is to power down your own devices and demonstrate alternative wind-down habits. “Often, children learn screen habits from adults, so that's usually part of my approach — ensuring parents are setting a great example.” ## Dangers of taking melatonin Although melatonin is inherently safe, using the supplement incorrectly can pose risks. “Any medication or supplement, such as melatonin, is intended to be used on a short-term basis, typically six months or less” Dr. Burns says. “It should not be considered a lifelong solution or be made part of a bedtime routine for an indefinite amount of time.” A core reason why melatonin isn’t recommended for long periods of time is because it can minimize or replace healthy habits that can improve sleep, such as physical activity. “A lack of sunlight exposure and [physical activity](https://www.childrenscolorado.org/just-ask-childrens/articles/mental-health-benefits-exercise/) negatively impact sleep,” Dr. Burns says. “Natural sunlight is the most effective driver of our natural circadian rhythms.” Relying on melatonin for a long period of time can minimize the role of such activities in a child’s life. In turn, they may grow up not understanding how to maintain a healthy sleep schedule as part of a healthy lifestyle, which can set them up for a life of [insomnia](https://www.childrenscolorado.org/conditions-and-advice/conditions-and-symptoms/conditions/sleep-disorders-children/) and reliance on sleep supplements. ### Melatonin and behavioral changes Since the use of melatonin directly impacts a child’s rest, it can also determine how tired a child is during the day. Tired children tend to be more agitated, aggressive and anxious. [Insufficient sleep](https://www.childrenscolorado.org/conditions-and-advice/conditions-and-symptoms/conditions/sleep-deprivation/) is also associated with less attentiveness and poorer cognitive and social functioning. Such sleep-related behavioral changes can occur despite the use of melatonin, because the child may still be waking up in the middle of the night due to the supplement’s poor lifespan. ### Side effects of melatonin in kids Melatonin isn’t known to have severe side effects. However, depending on the dosage consumed, melatonin can leave a child feeling drowsy during the day. Mood disturbances, [headaches](https://www.childrenscolorado.org/conditions-and-advice/conditions-and-symptoms/conditions/headaches/) and dizziness have also been reported in children. “Sometimes, melatonin can cause [night terrors](https://www.childrenscolorado.org/conditions-and-advice/conditions-and-symptoms/conditions/night-terrors/), [nightmares](https://www.childrenscolorado.org/conditions-and-advice/conditions-and-symptoms/conditions/nightmares/) or other parasomnias, but for other children it could help to reduce those disruptions in a child’s sleep.” Overall, melatonin use in children hasn’t been widely studied. That’s why it’s important to proceed with caution when considering using melatonin supplements to help your child sleep. ### Melatonin poisoning in kids It’s extremely unlikely for a child to overdose on melatonin. Between 2012 and 2021, 2.25% of all pediatric ingestion calls made to poison control centers concerned [melatonin ingestion](https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7122a1.htm), according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Most reported melatonin overdoses are asymptomatic, but some reported side effects of melatonin overdose were related to the stomach, heart and central nervous system. The CDC also reported two deaths from melatonin, both occurring in children under the age of 2. One of the deaths occurred as a result of intentional medication misuse by the child’s caregiver. Parents and caregivers should be aware that not all melatonin is created equally. Unlike prescription medications, melatonin and other supplements aren’t regulated in the same way by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). “One important aspect of safety that the FDA is looking for when they approve a medication is purity,” Dr. Burns says. “They make sure that the label matches what is in the bottle. For supplements, like melatonin, this important safety step is not required.” Most consumers expect a product’s label to accurately reflect its contents. However, studies have shown that the purity and strength of melatonin can vary greatly between supplement brands. For example, a 2017 study of 30 brands found that more than 70% of [melatonin supplements](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5263083/) contained a different amount of melatonin than what their labels suggested. In some cases, supplements contained 80% less melatonin than the bottle’s indication, and up to 400 times more. Some melatonin supplement studies revealed contaminants like serotonin, which, while related to healthy sleep, can have more serious side effects when overconsumed or taken inadvertently. Even more pressing is that such findings were discovered in products already on shelves. “The FDA does look at the safety of supplements, but it's after the fact — and not until someone reports a problem or decides to research it,” Dr. Burns adds. The best way to keep your child from taking too much melatonin unintentionally is to lock it up in a child-safe cabinet or container. Treat melatonin the same way you’d treat any other prescription or over-the-counter drug. And it’s still important to seek medical advice from a trusted healthcare provider before giving it to your child. “We strongly recommend that parents talk with either their pediatrician or another pediatric healthcare provider before starting their child on melatonin,” Dr. Burns says.
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