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Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 62 (from laksa190)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa062.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical, ml_categories_json AS ml_categories_json, ml_types_json AS ml_types_json, ml_intent_types_json AS ml_intent_types_json, meta_language AS meta_language, attrs_author AS attrs_author, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(attrs_publish_time), 0) AS attrs_publish_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(attrs_original_publish_time), 0) AS attrs_original_publish_time, ifNull(attrs_is_republished, 0) AS attrs_is_republished, ifNull(attrs_nr_words, 0) AS attrs_nr_words, ifNull(attrs_boilerpipe_nr_words, 0) AS attrs_boilerpipe_nr_words, ifNull(body_ext_links_number, 0) AS body_ext_links_number, ifNull(body_int_links_number, 0) AS body_int_links_number, ifNull(meta_nofollow, 0) AS meta_nofollow, ifNull(meta_noarchive, 0) AS meta_noarchive, ifNull(props_was_rendered, 0) AS props_was_rendered, ifNull(src_redirect, \'\') AS src_redirect, ifNull(download_time_msec, 0) AS download_time_msec, ifNull(download_ttfb_msec, 0) AS download_ttfb_msec, ifNull(download_size, 0) AS download_size FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.britannica.com/topic/United-States-Presidential-Election-Results-1788863\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.britannica.com/topic/United-States-Presidential-Election-Results-1788863\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/United-States-Presidential-Election-Results-1788863","crawl_time":1776349332,"first_indexed_time":1467998920,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"com,britannica!www,\/topic\/United-States-Presidential-Election-Results-1788863 s443","src_root_hash":"5455945239613777662","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Historical U.S. Presidential Election Results | Britannica","meta_descriptions":["The president and vice president of the United States are formally elected through an electoral college. Members (“electors”) of this electoral college are chosen through the popular vote in each state, and to be elected president a candidate must receive a majority of the electoral votes. If no"],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"The\npresident\nand\nvice president\nof the United States are formally elected through an\nelectoral college\n. Members (“electors”) of this electoral college are chosen through the popular vote in each state, and to be elected president a candidate must receive a majority of the electoral votes. If no candidate receives a majority, the president is elected by the\nHouse of Representatives\n, which may choose among the three candidates with the most electoral votes.\nClick on an election year in the interactive below to learn more about the candidates and political parties and to view electoral and popular vote counts. The table below the interactive also provides the historical election results.\nThis table provides all U.S. presidential election results since 1789.\nyear\ncandidate\npolitical party\nelectoral votes\n1\npopular votes\n2\npopular percentage\n3\n1\nIn elections from 1789 to 1804, each elector voted for two individuals without indicating which was to be president and which was to be vice president.\n2\nIn early elections, electors were chosen by legislatures, not by popular vote, in many states.\n3\nCandidates winning no electoral votes and less than 2 percent of the popular vote are excluded; percentages may not add up to 100 percent because of rounding.\n4\nWashington was unopposed for president in 1789 and 1792.\n5\nBecause the two houses of the New York legislature could not agree on electors, the state did not cast its electoral votes. North Carolina and Rhode Island had not yet ratified the Constitution.\n6\nAs both Jefferson and Burr received the same number of electoral votes, the decision was referred to the House of Representatives. The\nTwelfth Amendment\n(1804) provided that electors cast separate ballots for president and vice president.\n7\nAs no candidate received a majority of the electoral votes, the decision was made by the House of Representatives.\n8\nGreeley died shortly after the election in November. Three electors pledged to Greeley cast their votes for him, but they were not counted; the others cast their votes for the other candidates listed.\n9\nIncludes a variety of joint tickets with People’s Party electors committed to Bryan.\n10\nOne Gore elector from Washington, D.C., abstained from casting an electoral vote.\nSources: Electoral and popular vote totals based on data from the Office of the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives; the United States Office of the Federal Register; the Federal Election Commission;\nCongressional Quarterly’s Guide to U.S. Elections\n, 4th ed. (2001); and the official certified state vote totals.\n1789\nGeorge Washington\n4\nno formally organized parties\n69\n5\nJohn Adams\n34\nJohn Jay\n9\nR.H. Harrison\n6\nJohn Rutledge\n6\nJohn Hancock\n4\nGeorge Clinton\n3\nSamuel Huntington\n2\nJohn Milton\n2\nJames Armstrong\n1\nBenjamin Lincoln\n1\nEdward Telfair\n1\nnot voted\n44\n1792\nGeorge Washington\n4\nFederalist\n132\nJohn Adams\nFederalist\n77\nGeorge Clinton\nDemocratic-Republican\n50\nThomas Jefferson\n4\nAaron Burr\n1\n1796\nJohn Adams\nFederalist\n71\nThomas Jefferson\nDemocratic-Republican\n68\nThomas Pinckney\nFederalist\n59\nAaron Burr\nAntifederalist\n30\nSamuel Adams\nDemocratic-Republican\n15\nOliver Ellsworth\nFederalist\n11\nGeorge Clinton\nDemocratic-Republican\n7\nJohn Jay\nIndependent-Federalist\n5\nJames Iredell\nFederalist\n3\nGeorge Washington\nFederalist\n2\nJohn Henry\nIndependent\n2\nS. Johnston\nIndependent-Federalist\n2\nCharles Cotesworth Pinckney\nIndependent-Federalist\n1\n1800\nThomas Jefferson\nDemocratic-Republican\n73\n6\nAaron Burr\nDemocratic-Republican\n73\n6\nJohn Adams\nFederalist\n65\nCharles Cotesworth Pinckney\nFederalist\n64\nJohn Jay\nFederalist\n1\n1804\nThomas Jefferson\nDemocratic-Republican\n162\nCharles Cotesworth Pinckney\nFederalist\n14\n1808\nJames Madison\nDemocratic-Republican\n122\nCharles Cotesworth Pinckney\nFederalist\n47\nGeorge Clinton\nIndependent-Republican\n6\nnot voted\n1\n1812\nJames Madison\nDemocratic-Republican\n128\nDeWitt Clinton\nFusion\n89\nnot voted\n1\n1816\nJames Monroe\nDemocratic-Republican\n183\nRufus King\nFederalist\n34\nnot voted\n4\n1820\nJames Monroe\nDemocratic-Republican\n231\nJohn Quincy Adams\nIndependent-Republican\n1\nnot voted\n3\n1824\nJohn Quincy Adams\nno distinct party designations\n84\n7\n108,740\n30.9\nAndrew Jackson\n99\n153,544\n41.3\nHenry Clay\n37\n47,531\n13.0\nWilliam H. Crawford\n41\n40,856\n11.2\n1828\nAndrew Jackson\nDemocratic\n178\n647,286\n56.0\nJohn Quincy Adams\nNational Republican\n83\n508,064\n43.6\n1832\nAndrew Jackson\nDemocratic\n219\n687,502\n54.2\nHenry Clay\nNational Republican\n49\n530,189\n37.4\nWilliam Wirt\nAnti-Masonic\n7\n100,715\n7.8\nJohn Floyd\nNullifiers\n11\nnot voted\n2\n1836\nMartin Van Buren\nDemocratic\n170\n762,678\n50.8\nWilliam Henry Harrison\nWhig\n73\n550,816\n36.6\nHugh L. White\nWhig\n26\n146,107\n9.7\nDaniel Webster\nWhig\n14\n41,201\n2.7\nW.P. Mangum\nAnti-Jackson\n11\n1840\nWilliam Henry Harrison\nWhig\n234\n1,275,016\n52.9\nMartin Van Buren\nDemocratic\n60\n1,129,102\n46.8\n1844\nJames K. Polk\nDemocratic\n170\n1,337,243\n49.5\nHenry Clay\nWhig\n105\n1,299,062\n48.1\nJames Gillespie Birney\nLiberty\n62,103\n2.3\n1848\nZachary Taylor\nWhig\n163\n1,360,099\n47.3\nLewis Cass\nDemocratic\n127\n1,220,544\n42.5\nMartin Van Buren\nFree Soil\n291,501\n10.1\n1852\nFranklin Pierce\nDemocratic\n254\n1,601,274\n50.8\nWinfield Scott\nWhig\n42\n1,386,580\n43.9\nJohn Parker Hale\nFree Soil\n155,210\n4.9\n1856\nJames Buchanan\nDemocratic\n174\n1,838,169\n45.3\nJohn C. Frémont\nRepublican\n114\n1,341,264\n33.1\nMillard Fillmore\nAmerican (\nKnow-Nothing\n)\n8\n873,053\n21.5\n1860\nAbraham Lincoln\nRepublican\n180\n1,866,452\n39.9\nJohn C. Breckinridge\nSouthern Democratic\n72\n847,953\n18.1\nStephen A. Douglas\nDemocratic\n12\n1,380,202\n29.5\nJohn Bell\nConstitutional Union\n39\n590,901\n12.6\n1864\nAbraham Lincoln\nRepublican\n212\n2,213,665\n55.0\nGeorge B. McClellan\nDemocratic\n21\n1,805,237\n45.0\nnot voted\n81\n1868\nUlysses S. Grant\nRepublican\n214\n3,012,833\n52.7\nHoratio Seymour\nDemocratic\n80\n2,703,249\n47.3\nnot voted\n23\n1872\nUlysses S. Grant\nRepublican\n286\n3,597,132\n55.6\nHorace Greeley\n8\nDemocratic\n\/\nLiberal Republican\n2,834,125\n43.8\nThomas A. Hendricks\nIndependent-\nDemocratic\n42\nB. Gratz Brown\nDemocratic\n18\nCharles J. Jenkins\nDemocratic\n2\nDavid Davis\nDemocratic\n1\nnot voted\n17\n1876\nRutherford B. Hayes\nRepublican\n185\n4,036,298\n48.0\nSamuel J. Tilden\nDemocratic\n184\n4,300,590\n51.0\n1880\nJames A. Garfield\nRepublican\n214\n4,454,416\n48.3\nWinfield Scott Hancock\nDemocratic\n155\n4,444,952\n48.2\nJames B. Weaver\nGreenback\n305,997\n3.3\n1884\nGrover Cleveland\nDemocratic\n219\n4,874,986\n48.5\nJames G. Blaine\nRepublican\n182\n4,851,981\n48.3\n1888\nBenjamin Harrison\nRepublican\n233\n5,439,853\n47.8\nGrover Cleveland\nDemocratic\n168\n5,540,309\n48.6\nClinton B. Fisk\nProhibition\n249,819\n2.2\n1892\nGrover Cleveland\nDemocratic\n277\n5,556,918\n46.1\nBenjamin Harrison\nRepublican\n145\n5,176,108\n43.0\nJames B. Weaver\nPeople’s (\nPopulist\n)\n22\n1,027,329\n8.5\nJohn Bidwell\nProhibition\n270,770\n2.2\n1896\nWilliam McKinley\nRepublican\n271\n7,104,779\n51.0\nWilliam Jennings Bryan\nDemocratic\n9\n176\n6,502,925\n46.7\n1900\nWilliam McKinley\nRepublican\n292\n7,207,923\n51.7\nWilliam Jennings Bryan\nDemocratic\n9\n155\n6,358,133\n45.5\n1904\nTheodore Roosevelt\nRepublican\n336\n7,623,486\n56.4\nAlton B. Parker\nDemocratic\n140\n5,077,911\n37.6\nEugene V. Debs\nSocialist\n402,489\n3.0\n1908\nWilliam Howard Taft\nRepublican\n321\n7,678,908\n51.6\nWilliam Jennings Bryan\nDemocratic\n162\n6,409,104\n43.0\nEugene V. Debs\nSocialist\n420,380\n2.8\n1912\nWoodrow Wilson\nDemocratic\n435\n6,293,454\n41.8\nTheodore Roosevelt\nProgressive (\nBull Moose\n)\n88\n4,119,207\n27.4\nWilliam Howard Taft\nRepublican\n8\n3,483,922\n23.2\nEugene V. Debs\nSocialist\n900,369\n6.0\n1916\nWoodrow Wilson\nDemocratic\n277\n9,129,606\n49.2\nCharles Evans Hughes\nRepublican\n254\n8,538,221\n46.1\nAllan L. Benson\nSocialist\n589,924\n3.2\n1920\nWarren G. Harding\nRepublican\n404\n16,147,249\n60.3\nJames M. Cox\nDemocratic\n127\n9,140,864\n34.1\nEugene V. Debs\nSocialist\n897,704\n3.4\n1924\nCalvin Coolidge\nRepublican\n382\n15,725,016\n54.1\nJohn W. Davis\nDemocratic\n136\n8,386,503\n28.8\nRobert M. La Follette\nProgressive\n13\n4,822,856\n16.6\n1928\nHerbert Hoover\nRepublican\n444\n21,392,190\n58.0\nAl Smith\nDemocratic\n87\n15,016,443\n40.7\n1932\nFranklin D. Roosevelt\nDemocratic\n472\n22,821,857\n57.3\nHerbert Hoover\nRepublican\n59\n15,761,841\n39.6\nNorman Thomas\nSocialist\n884,781\n2.2\n1936\nFranklin D. Roosevelt\nDemocratic\n523\n27,476,673\n60.2\nAlf Landon\nRepublican\n8\n16,679,583\n36.5\n1940\nFranklin D. Roosevelt\nDemocratic\n449\n27,243,466\n54.7\nWendell Willkie\nRepublican\n82\n22,304,755\n44.8\n1944\nFranklin D. Roosevelt\nDemocratic\n432\n25,602,505\n53.3\nThomas E. Dewey\nRepublican\n99\n22,006,278\n45.8\n1948\nHarry S. Truman\nDemocratic\n303\n24,105,695\n49.4\nThomas E. Dewey\nRepublican\n189\n21,969,170\n45.0\nStrom Thurmond\nStates’ Rights Democratic (\nDixiecrat\n)\n39\n1,169,021\n2.4\nHenry A. Wallace\nProgressive\n1,156,103\n2.4\n1952\nDwight D. Eisenhower\nRepublican\n442\n33,778,963\n54.9\nAdlai E. Stevenson\nDemocratic\n89\n27,314,992\n44.4\n1956\nDwight D. Eisenhower\nRepublican\n457\n35,581,003\n57.4\nAdlai E. Stevenson\nDemocratic\n73\n25,738,765\n42.0\n1960\nJohn F. Kennedy\nDemocratic\n303\n34,227,096\n49.7\nRichard Nixon\nRepublican\n219\n34,107,646\n49.5\nHarry F. Byrd\nnot a candidate\n15\n1964\nLyndon B. Johnson\nDemocratic\n486\n42,825,463\n61.1\nBarry Goldwater\nRepublican\n52\n27,146,969\n38.5\n1968\nRichard Nixon\nRepublican\n301\n31,710,470\n43.4\nHubert Humphrey\nDemocratic\n191\n30,898,055\n42.7\nGeorge Wallace\nAmerican Independent\n46\n9,906,473\n13.5\n1972\nRichard Nixon\nRepublican\n520\n46,740,323\n60.7\nGeorge McGovern\nDemocratic\n17\n28,901,598\n37.5\n1976\nJimmy Carter\nDemocratic\n297\n40,825,839\n50.0\nGerald Ford\nRepublican\n240\n39,147,770\n48.0\n1980\nRonald Reagan\nRepublican\n489\n43,642,639\n50.4\nJimmy Carter\nDemocratic\n49\n35,480,948\n41.0\nJohn B. Anderson\nIndependent\n5,719,437\n6.6\n1984\nRonald Reagan\nRepublican\n525\n54,455,075\n58.8\nWalter Mondale\nDemocratic\n13\n37,577,185\n40.6\n1988\nGeorge H.W. Bush\nRepublican\n426\n48,886,097\n53.4\nMichael Dukakis\nDemocratic\n111\n41,809,074\n45.7\n1992\nBill Clinton\nDemocratic\n370\n44,909,889\n43.0\nGeorge H.W. Bush\nRepublican\n168\n39,104,545\n37.4\nRoss Perot\nIndependent\n19,742,267\n18.9\n1996\nBill Clinton\nDemocratic\n379\n47,402,357\n49.2\nBob Dole\nRepublican\n159\n39,198,755\n40.7\nRoss Perot\nReform\n8,085,402\n8.4\n2000\nGeorge W. Bush\nRepublican\n271\n50,455,156\n47.9\nAl Gore\nDemocratic\n266\n10\n50,992,335\n48.4\nRalph Nader\nGreen\n2,882,897\n2.7\n2004\nGeorge W. Bush\nRepublican\n286\n62,040,610\n50.7\nJohn Kerry\nDemocratic\n251\n59,028,444\n48.3\n2008\nBarack Obama\nDemocratic\n365\n69,498,516\n52.9\nJohn McCain\nRepublican\n173\n59,948,323\n45.7\n2012\nBarack Obama\nDemocratic\n332\n65,915,795\n51.1\nMitt Romney\nRepublican\n206\n60,933,504\n47.2\n2016\nDonald Trump\nRepublican\n304\n62,984,828\n46.1\nHillary Clinton\nDemocratic\n227\n65,853,514\n48.2\n2020\nJoe Biden\nDemocratic\n306\n81,283,501\n51.3\nDonald Trump\nRepublican\n232\n74,223,975\n46.8\n2024\nDonald Trump\nRepublican\n312\n77,302,580\n49.8\nKamala Harris\nDemocratic\n226\n75,017,613\n48.3","attrs_markdown":"[![Encyclopedia Britannica](https:\/\/cdn.britannica.com\/mendel\/eb-logo\/MendelNewThistleLogo.png)](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/)\n\n[![Encyclopedia 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History](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/United-States-Presidential-Election-Results-1788863\/additional-info)\n\n![Britannica AI Icon](https:\/\/cdn.britannica.com\/mendel-resources\/3-179\/images\/chatbot\/star-ai.svg?v=3.179.9)\n\nContents\n\n[Politics, Law & Government](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/browse\/Politics-Law-Government)    [Politics & Political Systems](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/browse\/Politics-Political-Systems)\n\nCITE\n\n*verified*Cite\n\nWhile every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions.\n\nSelect Citation Style\n\nCopy Citation\n\nShare\n\nShare\n\nShare to social media\n\n[Facebook](https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/BRITANNICA\/) [X](https:\/\/x.com\/britannica)\n\nURL\n\n<https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/United-States-Presidential-Election-Results-1788863>\n\nFeedback\n\nFeedback\n\nThank you for your feedback\n\nOur editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article.\n\nExternal Websites\n\n# United States Presidential Election Results\nAsk Anything\n\nHomework Help\n\nWritten and fact-checked by\n\n[Britannica Editors Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree....](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/editor\/The-Editors-of-Encyclopaedia-Britannica\/4419)\n\nBritannica Editors\n\n[History](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/United-States-Presidential-Election-Results-1788863\/additional-info#history)\n\n![Britannica AI Icon](https:\/\/cdn.britannica.com\/mendel-resources\/3-179\/images\/chatbot\/star-ai.svg?v=3.179.9) Britannica AI\n\nAsk Anything\n\nTable of Contents\n\nTable of Contents\n\nAsk Anything\n\nThe [president](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/presidency-of-the-United-States-of-America) and [vice president](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/vice-president-of-the-United-States-of-America) of the United States are formally elected through an [electoral college](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/electoral-college). Members (“electors”) of this electoral college are chosen through the popular vote in each state, and to be elected president a candidate must receive a majority of the electoral votes. If no candidate receives a majority, the president is elected by the [House of Representatives](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/House-of-Representatives-United-States-government), which may choose among the three candidates with the most electoral votes.\n\nClick on an election year in the interactive below to learn more about the candidates and political parties and to view electoral and popular vote counts. The table below the interactive also provides the historical election results.\n\nThis table provides all U.S. presidential election results since 1789.\n\n| year | candidate | political party | electoral votes1 | popular votes2 | popular percentage3 |\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n| 1 In elections from 1789 to 1804, each elector voted for two individuals without indicating which was to be president and which was to be vice president. |   |   |   |   |   |\n| 2 In early elections, electors were chosen by legislatures, not by popular vote, in many states. |   |   |   |   |   |\n| 3 Candidates winning no electoral votes and less than 2 percent of the popular vote are excluded; percentages may not add up to 100 percent because of rounding. |   |   |   |   |   |\n| 4 Washington was unopposed for president in 1789 and 1792. |   |   |   |   |   |\n| 5 Because the two houses of the New York legislature could not agree on electors, the state did not cast its electoral votes. North Carolina and Rhode Island had not yet ratified the Constitution. |   |   |   |   |   |\n| 6 As both Jefferson and Burr received the same number of electoral votes, the decision was referred to the House of Representatives. The [Twelfth Amendment](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Twelfth-Amendment) (1804) provided that electors cast separate ballots for president and vice president. |   |   |   |   |   |\n| 7 As no candidate received a majority of the electoral votes, the decision was made by the House of Representatives. |   |   |   |   |   |\n| 8 Greeley died shortly after the election in November. Three electors pledged to Greeley cast their votes for him, but they were not counted; the others cast their votes for the other candidates listed. |   |   |   |   |   |\n| 9 Includes a variety of joint tickets with People’s Party electors committed to Bryan. |   |   |   |   |   |\n| 10 One Gore elector from Washington, D.C., abstained from casting an electoral vote. |   |   |   |   |   |\n| Sources: Electoral and popular vote totals based on data from the Office of the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives; the United States Office of the Federal Register; the Federal Election Commission; *Congressional Quarterly’s Guide to U.S. Elections*, 4th ed. (2001); and the official certified state vote totals. |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [1789](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1789) | [George Washington](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/George-Washington) 4 | no formally organized parties | 69 5 |   |   |\n| [John Adams](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/John-Adams-president-of-United-States) |   | 34 |   |   |   |\n| [John Jay](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/John-Jay) |   | 9 |   |   |   |\n| R.H. Harrison |   | 6 |   |   |   |\n| [John Rutledge](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/John-Rutledge) |   | 6 |   |   |   |\n| [John Hancock](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/John-Hancock) |   | 4 |   |   |   |\n| [George Clinton](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/George-Clinton-vice-president-of-United-States) |   | 3 |   |   |   |\n| [Samuel Huntington](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Samuel-Huntington) |   | 2 |   |   |   |\n| John Milton |   | 2 |   |   |   |\n| James Armstrong |   | 1 |   |   |   |\n| [Benjamin Lincoln](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Benjamin-Lincoln) |   | 1 |   |   |   |\n| Edward Telfair |   | 1 |   |   |   |\n| *not voted* |   | 44 |   |   |   |\n| [1792](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1792) | [George Washington](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/George-Washington) 4 | [Federalist](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Federalist-Party) | 132 |   |   |\n| [John Adams](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/John-Adams-president-of-United-States) | [Federalist](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Federalist-Party) | 77 |   |   |   |\n| [George Clinton](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/George-Clinton-vice-president-of-United-States) | [Democratic-Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Republican-Party) | 50 |   |   |   |\n| [Thomas Jefferson](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Thomas-Jefferson) |   | 4 |   |   |   |\n| [Aaron Burr](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Aaron-Burr) |   | 1 |   |   |   |\n| [1796](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1796) | [John Adams](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/John-Adams-president-of-United-States) | [Federalist](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Federalist-Party) | 71 |   |   |\n| [Thomas Jefferson](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Thomas-Jefferson) | [Democratic-Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Republican-Party) | 68 |   |   |   |\n| [Thomas Pinckney](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Thomas-Pinckney) | [Federalist](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Federalist-Party) | 59 |   |   |   |\n| [Aaron Burr](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Aaron-Burr) | [Antifederalist](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Anti-Federalists) | 30 |   |   |   |\n| [Samuel Adams](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Samuel-Adams) | [Democratic-Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Republican-Party) | 15 |   |   |   |\n| [Oliver Ellsworth](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Oliver-Ellsworth) | [Federalist](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Federalist-Party) | 11 |   |   |   |\n| [George Clinton](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/George-Clinton-vice-president-of-United-States) | [Democratic-Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Republican-Party) | 7 |   |   |   |\n| [John Jay](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/John-Jay) | Independent-Federalist | 5 |   |   |   |\n| [James Iredell](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/James-Iredell) | [Federalist](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Federalist-Party) | 3 |   |   |   |\n| [George Washington](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/George-Washington) | [Federalist](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Federalist-Party) | 2 |   |   |   |\n| John Henry | Independent | 2 |   |   |   |\n| S. Johnston | Independent-Federalist | 2 |   |   |   |\n| [Charles Cotesworth Pinckney](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Charles-Cotesworth-Pinckney) | Independent-Federalist | 1 |   |   |   |\n| [1800](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1800) | [Thomas Jefferson](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Thomas-Jefferson) | [Democratic-Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Republican-Party) | 73 6 |   |   |\n| [Aaron Burr](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Aaron-Burr) | [Democratic-Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Republican-Party) | 73 6 |   |   |   |\n| [John Adams](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/John-Adams-president-of-United-States) | [Federalist](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Federalist-Party) | 65 |   |   |   |\n| [Charles Cotesworth Pinckney](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Charles-Cotesworth-Pinckney) | [Federalist](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Federalist-Party) | 64 |   |   |   |\n| [John Jay](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/John-Jay) | [Federalist](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Federalist-Party) | 1 |   |   |   |\n| [1804](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1804) | [Thomas Jefferson](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Thomas-Jefferson) | [Democratic-Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Republican-Party) | 162 |   |   |\n| [Charles Cotesworth Pinckney](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Charles-Cotesworth-Pinckney) | [Federalist](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Federalist-Party) | 14 |   |   |   |\n| [1808](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1808) | [James Madison](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/James-Madison) | [Democratic-Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Republican-Party) | 122 |   |   |\n| [Charles Cotesworth Pinckney](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Charles-Cotesworth-Pinckney) | [Federalist](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Federalist-Party) | 47 |   |   |   |\n| [George Clinton](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/George-Clinton-vice-president-of-United-States) | Independent-Republican | 6 |   |   |   |\n| *not voted* |   | 1 |   |   |   |\n| [1812](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1812) | [James Madison](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/James-Madison) | [Democratic-Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Republican-Party) | 128 |   |   |\n| [DeWitt Clinton](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/DeWitt-Clinton-American-politician) | Fusion | 89 |   |   |   |\n| *not voted* |   | 1 |   |   |   |\n| [1816](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1816) | [James Monroe](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/James-Monroe) | [Democratic-Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Republican-Party) | 183 |   |   |\n| [Rufus King](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Rufus-King) | [Federalist](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Federalist-Party) | 34 |   |   |   |\n| *not voted* |   | 4 |   |   |   |\n| [1820](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1820) | [James Monroe](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/James-Monroe) | [Democratic-Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Republican-Party) | 231 |   |   |\n| [John Quincy Adams](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/John-Quincy-Adams) | Independent-Republican | 1 |   |   |   |\n| *not voted* |   | 3 |   |   |   |\n| [1824](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1824) | [John Quincy Adams](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/John-Quincy-Adams) | no distinct party designations | 84 7 | 108,740 | 30\\.9 |\n| [Andrew Jackson](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Andrew-Jackson) |   | 99 | 153,544 | 41\\.3 |   |\n| [Henry Clay](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Henry-Clay) |   | 37 | 47,531 | 13\\.0 |   |\n| [William H. Crawford](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/William-H-Crawford) |   | 41 | 40,856 | 11\\.2 |   |\n| [1828](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1828) | [Andrew Jackson](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Andrew-Jackson) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 178 | 647,286 | 56\\.0 |\n| [John Quincy Adams](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/John-Quincy-Adams) | [National Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/National-Republican-Party) | 83 | 508,064 | 43\\.6 |   |\n| [1832](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1832) | [Andrew Jackson](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Andrew-Jackson) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 219 | 687,502 | 54\\.2 |\n| [Henry Clay](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Henry-Clay) | [National Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/National-Republican-Party) | 49 | 530,189 | 37\\.4 |   |\n| William Wirt | Anti-Masonic | 7 | 100,715 | 7\\.8 |   |\n| John Floyd | Nullifiers | 11 |   |   |   |\n| *not voted* |   | 2 |   |   |   |\n| [1836](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1836) | [Martin Van Buren](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Martin-Van-Buren) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 170 | 762,678 | 50\\.8 |\n| [William Henry Harrison](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/William-Henry-Harrison) | [Whig](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Whig-Party) | 73 | 550,816 | 36\\.6 |   |\n| Hugh L. White | [Whig](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Whig-Party) | 26 | 146,107 | 9\\.7 |   |\n| [Daniel Webster](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Daniel-Webster) | [Whig](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Whig-Party) | 14 | 41,201 | 2\\.7 |   |\n| W.P. Mangum | Anti-Jackson | 11 |   |   |   |\n| [1840](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1840) | [William Henry Harrison](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/William-Henry-Harrison) | [Whig](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Whig-Party) | 234 | 1,275,016 | 52\\.9 |\n| [Martin Van Buren](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Martin-Van-Buren) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 60 | 1,129,102 | 46\\.8 |   |\n| [1844](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1844) | [James K. Polk](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/James-K-Polk) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 170 | 1,337,243 | 49\\.5 |\n| [Henry Clay](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Henry-Clay) | [Whig](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Whig-Party) | 105 | 1,299,062 | 48\\.1 |   |\n| [James Gillespie Birney](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/James-Gillespie-Birney) | [Liberty](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Liberty-Party) |   | 62,103 | 2\\.3 |   |\n| [1848](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1848) | [Zachary Taylor](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Zachary-Taylor) | [Whig](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Whig-Party) | 163 | 1,360,099 | 47\\.3 |\n| [Lewis Cass](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Lewis-Cass) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 127 | 1,220,544 | 42\\.5 |   |\n| [Martin Van Buren](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Martin-Van-Buren) | [Free Soil](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Free-Soil-Party) |   | 291,501 | 10\\.1 |   |\n| [1852](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1852) | [Franklin Pierce](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Franklin-Pierce) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 254 | 1,601,274 | 50\\.8 |\n| [Winfield Scott](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Winfield-Scott) | [Whig](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Whig-Party) | 42 | 1,386,580 | 43\\.9 |   |\n| [John Parker Hale](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/John-Parker-Hale) | [Free Soil](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Free-Soil-Party) |   | 155,210 | 4\\.9 |   |\n| [1856](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1856) | [James Buchanan](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/James-Buchanan-president-of-United-States) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 174 | 1,838,169 | 45\\.3 |\n| [John C. Frémont](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/John-C-Fremont) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 114 | 1,341,264 | 33\\.1 |   |\n| [Millard Fillmore](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Millard-Fillmore) | American ([Know-Nothing](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Know-Nothing-party)) | 8 | 873,053 | 21\\.5 |   |\n| [1860](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1860) | [Abraham Lincoln](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abraham-Lincoln) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 180 | 1,866,452 | 39\\.9 |\n| [John C. Breckinridge](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/John-C-Breckinridge) | Southern Democratic | 72 | 847,953 | 18\\.1 |   |\n| [Stephen A. Douglas](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Stephen-A-Douglas) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 12 | 1,380,202 | 29\\.5 |   |\n| [John Bell](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/John-Bell-American-politician) | [Constitutional Union](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Constitutional-Union-Party) | 39 | 590,901 | 12\\.6 |   |\n| [1864](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1864) | [Abraham Lincoln](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abraham-Lincoln) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 212 | 2,213,665 | 55\\.0 |\n| [George B. McClellan](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/George-B-McClellan) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 21 | 1,805,237 | 45\\.0 |   |\n| *not voted* |   | 81 |   |   |   |\n| [1868](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1868) | [Ulysses S. Grant](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Ulysses-S-Grant) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 214 | 3,012,833 | 52\\.7 |\n| [Horatio Seymour](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Horatio-Seymour) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 80 | 2,703,249 | 47\\.3 |   |\n| *not voted* |   | 23 |   |   |   |\n| [1872](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1872) | [Ulysses S. Grant](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Ulysses-S-Grant) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 286 | 3,597,132 | 55\\.6 |\n| [Horace Greeley](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Horace-Greeley) 8 | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party)\/[Liberal Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Liberal-Republican-Party-political-party) |   | 2,834,125 | 43\\.8 |   |\n| [Thomas A. Hendricks](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Thomas-A-Hendricks) | Independent-[Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 42 |   |   |   |\n| B. Gratz Brown | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 18 |   |   |   |\n| Charles J. Jenkins | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 2 |   |   |   |\n| [David Davis](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/David-Davis) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 1 |   |   |   |\n| *not voted* |   | 17 |   |   |   |\n| [1876](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1876) | [Rutherford B. Hayes](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Rutherford-B-Hayes) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 185 | 4,036,298 | 48\\.0 |\n| [Samuel J. Tilden](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Samuel-J-Tilden) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 184 | 4,300,590 | 51\\.0 |   |\n| [1880](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1880) | [James A. Garfield](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/James-A-Garfield) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 214 | 4,454,416 | 48\\.3 |\n| [Winfield Scott Hancock](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Winfield-Scott-Hancock) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 155 | 4,444,952 | 48\\.2 |   |\n| [James B. Weaver](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/James-B-Weaver) | [Greenback](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Greenback-movement) |   | 305,997 | 3\\.3 |   |\n| [1884](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1884) | [Grover Cleveland](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Grover-Cleveland) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 219 | 4,874,986 | 48\\.5 |\n| [James G. Blaine](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/James-G-Blaine) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 182 | 4,851,981 | 48\\.3 |   |\n| [1888](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1888) | [Benjamin Harrison](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Benjamin-Harrison-president-of-United-States) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 233 | 5,439,853 | 47\\.8 |\n| [Grover Cleveland](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Grover-Cleveland) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 168 | 5,540,309 | 48\\.6 |   |\n| Clinton B. Fisk | [Prohibition](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Prohibition-Party) |   | 249,819 | 2\\.2 |   |\n| [1892](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1892) | [Grover Cleveland](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Grover-Cleveland) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 277 | 5,556,918 | 46\\.1 |\n| [Benjamin Harrison](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Benjamin-Harrison-president-of-United-States) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 145 | 5,176,108 | 43\\.0 |   |\n| [James B. Weaver](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/James-B-Weaver) | People’s ([Populist](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Populist-Movement)) | 22 | 1,027,329 | 8\\.5 |   |\n| [John Bidwell](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/John-Bidwell) | [Prohibition](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Prohibition-Party) |   | 270,770 | 2\\.2 |   |\n| [1896](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1896) | [William McKinley](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/William-McKinley) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 271 | 7,104,779 | 51\\.0 |\n| [William Jennings Bryan](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/William-Jennings-Bryan) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) 9 | 176 | 6,502,925 | 46\\.7 |   |\n| [1900](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1900) | [William McKinley](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/William-McKinley) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 292 | 7,207,923 | 51\\.7 |\n| [William Jennings Bryan](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/William-Jennings-Bryan) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) 9 | 155 | 6,358,133 | 45\\.5 |   |\n| [1904](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1904) | [Theodore Roosevelt](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Theodore-Roosevelt) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 336 | 7,623,486 | 56\\.4 |\n| [Alton B. Parker](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Alton-B-Parker) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 140 | 5,077,911 | 37\\.6 |   |\n| [Eugene V. Debs](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Eugene-V-Debs) | Socialist |   | 402,489 | 3\\.0 |   |\n| [1908](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1908) | [William Howard Taft](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/William-Howard-Taft) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 321 | 7,678,908 | 51\\.6 |\n| [William Jennings Bryan](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/William-Jennings-Bryan) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 162 | 6,409,104 | 43\\.0 |   |\n| [Eugene V. Debs](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Eugene-V-Debs) | Socialist |   | 420,380 | 2\\.8 |   |\n| [1912](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1912) | [Woodrow Wilson](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Woodrow-Wilson) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 435 | 6,293,454 | 41\\.8 |\n| [Theodore Roosevelt](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Theodore-Roosevelt) | Progressive ([Bull Moose](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Bull-Moose-Party)) | 88 | 4,119,207 | 27\\.4 |   |\n| [William Howard Taft](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/William-Howard-Taft) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 8 | 3,483,922 | 23\\.2 |   |\n| [Eugene V. Debs](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Eugene-V-Debs) | Socialist |   | 900,369 | 6\\.0 |   |\n| [1916](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1916) | [Woodrow Wilson](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Woodrow-Wilson) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 277 | 9,129,606 | 49\\.2 |\n| [Charles Evans Hughes](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Charles-Evans-Hughes) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 254 | 8,538,221 | 46\\.1 |   |\n| Allan L. Benson | Socialist |   | 589,924 | 3\\.2 |   |\n| [1920](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1920) | [Warren G. Harding](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Warren-G-Harding) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 404 | 16,147,249 | 60\\.3 |\n| [James M. Cox](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/James-M-Cox) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 127 | 9,140,864 | 34\\.1 |   |\n| [Eugene V. Debs](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Eugene-V-Debs) | Socialist |   | 897,704 | 3\\.4 |   |\n| [1924](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1924) | [Calvin Coolidge](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Calvin-Coolidge) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 382 | 15,725,016 | 54\\.1 |\n| [John W. Davis](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/John-W-Davis) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 136 | 8,386,503 | 28\\.8 |   |\n| [Robert M. La Follette](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Robert-M-La-Follette) | [Progressive](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Progressive-Party-United-States-1924) | 13 | 4,822,856 | 16\\.6 |   |\n| [1928](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1928) | [Herbert Hoover](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Herbert-Hoover) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 444 | 21,392,190 | 58\\.0 |\n| [Al Smith](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Al-Smith) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 87 | 15,016,443 | 40\\.7 |   |\n| [1932](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1932) | [Franklin D. Roosevelt](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Franklin-D-Roosevelt) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 472 | 22,821,857 | 57\\.3 |\n| [Herbert Hoover](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Herbert-Hoover) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 59 | 15,761,841 | 39\\.6 |   |\n| [Norman Thomas](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Norman-Mattoon-Thomas) | Socialist |   | 884,781 | 2\\.2 |   |\n| [1936](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1936) | [Franklin D. Roosevelt](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Franklin-D-Roosevelt) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 523 | 27,476,673 | 60\\.2 |\n| [Alf Landon](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Alf-Landon) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 8 | 16,679,583 | 36\\.5 |   |\n| [1940](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1940) | [Franklin D. Roosevelt](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Franklin-D-Roosevelt) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 449 | 27,243,466 | 54\\.7 |\n| [Wendell Willkie](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Wendell-Willkie) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 82 | 22,304,755 | 44\\.8 |   |\n| [1944](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1944) | [Franklin D. Roosevelt](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Franklin-D-Roosevelt) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 432 | 25,602,505 | 53\\.3 |\n| [Thomas E. Dewey](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Thomas-E-Dewey) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 99 | 22,006,278 | 45\\.8 |   |\n| [1948](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1948) | [Harry S. Truman](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Harry-S-Truman) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 303 | 24,105,695 | 49\\.4 |\n| [Thomas E. Dewey](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Thomas-E-Dewey) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 189 | 21,969,170 | 45\\.0 |   |\n| [Strom Thurmond](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Strom-Thurmond) | States’ Rights Democratic ([Dixiecrat](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Dixiecrat)) | 39 | 1,169,021 | 2\\.4 |   |\n| [Henry A. Wallace](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Henry-A-Wallace) | [Progressive](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Progressive-Party-United-States-1948) |   | 1,156,103 | 2\\.4 |   |\n| [1952](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1952) | [Dwight D. Eisenhower](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Dwight-D-Eisenhower) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 442 | 33,778,963 | 54\\.9 |\n| [Adlai E. Stevenson](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Adlai-E-Stevenson) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 89 | 27,314,992 | 44\\.4 |   |\n| [1956](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1956) | [Dwight D. Eisenhower](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Dwight-D-Eisenhower) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 457 | 35,581,003 | 57\\.4 |\n| [Adlai E. Stevenson](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Adlai-E-Stevenson) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 73 | 25,738,765 | 42\\.0 |   |\n| [1960](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1960) | [John F. Kennedy](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/John-F-Kennedy) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 303 | 34,227,096 | 49\\.7 |\n| [Richard Nixon](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Richard-Nixon) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 219 | 34,107,646 | 49\\.5 |   |\n| [Harry F. Byrd](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Harry-F-Byrd) | not a candidate | 15 |   |   |   |\n| [1964](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1964) | [Lyndon B. Johnson](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Lyndon-B-Johnson) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 486 | 42,825,463 | 61\\.1 |\n| [Barry Goldwater](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Barry-Goldwater) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 52 | 27,146,969 | 38\\.5 |   |\n| [1968](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1968) | [Richard Nixon](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Richard-Nixon) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 301 | 31,710,470 | 43\\.4 |\n| [Hubert Humphrey](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Hubert-Humphrey) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 191 | 30,898,055 | 42\\.7 |   |\n| [George Wallace](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/George-C-Wallace) | American Independent | 46 | 9,906,473 | 13\\.5 |   |\n| [1972](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1972) | [Richard Nixon](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Richard-Nixon) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 520 | 46,740,323 | 60\\.7 |\n| [George McGovern](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/George-McGovern) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 17 | 28,901,598 | 37\\.5 |   |\n| [1976](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1976) | [Jimmy Carter](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Jimmy-Carter) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 297 | 40,825,839 | 50\\.0 |\n| [Gerald Ford](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Gerald-Ford) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 240 | 39,147,770 | 48\\.0 |   |\n| [1980](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1980) | [Ronald Reagan](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Ronald-Reagan) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 489 | 43,642,639 | 50\\.4 |\n| [Jimmy Carter](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Jimmy-Carter) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 49 | 35,480,948 | 41\\.0 |   |\n| John B. Anderson | Independent |   | 5,719,437 | 6\\.6 |   |\n| [1984](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1984) | [Ronald Reagan](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Ronald-Reagan) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 525 | 54,455,075 | 58\\.8 |\n| [Walter Mondale](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Walter-Mondale) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 13 | 37,577,185 | 40\\.6 |   |\n| [1988](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1988) | [George H.W. Bush](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/George-H-W-Bush) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 426 | 48,886,097 | 53\\.4 |\n| [Michael Dukakis](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Michael-Dukakis) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 111 | 41,809,074 | 45\\.7 |   |\n| [1992](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1992) | [Bill Clinton](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Bill-Clinton) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 370 | 44,909,889 | 43\\.0 |\n| [George H.W. Bush](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/George-H-W-Bush) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 168 | 39,104,545 | 37\\.4 |   |\n| [Ross Perot](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/money\/Ross-Perot) | Independent |   | 19,742,267 | 18\\.9 |   |\n| [1996](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1996) | [Bill Clinton](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Bill-Clinton) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 379 | 47,402,357 | 49\\.2 |\n| [Bob Dole](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Bob-Dole) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 159 | 39,198,755 | 40\\.7 |   |\n| [Ross Perot](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/money\/Ross-Perot) | Reform |   | 8,085,402 | 8\\.4 |   |\n| [2000](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-2000) | [George W. Bush](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/George-W-Bush) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 271 | 50,455,156 | 47\\.9 |\n| [Al Gore](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Al-Gore) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 266 10 | 50,992,335 | 48\\.4 |   |\n| [Ralph Nader](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Ralph-Nader) | [Green](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Green-Party-of-the-United-States) |   | 2,882,897 | 2\\.7 |   |\n| [2004](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-2004) | [George W. Bush](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/George-W-Bush) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 286 | 62,040,610 | 50\\.7 |\n| [John Kerry](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/John-Kerry) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 251 | 59,028,444 | 48\\.3 |   |\n| [2008](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-2008) | [Barack Obama](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Barack-Obama) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 365 | 69,498,516 | 52\\.9 |\n| [John McCain](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/John-McCain) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 173 | 59,948,323 | 45\\.7 |   |\n| [2012](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-Presidential-Election-of-2012) | [Barack Obama](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Barack-Obama) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 332 | 65,915,795 | 51\\.1 |\n| [Mitt Romney](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mitt-Romney) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 206 | 60,933,504 | 47\\.2 |   |\n| [2016](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/United-States-presidential-election-of-2016) | [Donald Trump](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Donald-Trump) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 304 | 62,984,828 | 46\\.1 |\n| [Hillary Clinton](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Hillary-Clinton) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 227 | 65,853,514 | 48\\.2 |   |\n| [2020](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-2020) | [Joe Biden](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Joe-Biden) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 306 | 81,283,501 | 51\\.3 |\n| [Donald Trump](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Donald-Trump) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 232 | 74,223,975 | 46\\.8 |   |\n| [2024](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-2024) | [Donald Trump](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Donald-Trump) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 312 | 77,302,580 | 49\\.8 |\n| [Kamala Harris](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Kamala-Harris) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 226 | 75,017,613 | 48\\.3 |   |\n\n[The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/editor\/The-Editors-of-Encyclopaedia-Britannica\/4419) This article was most recently revised and updated by [J.E. Luebering](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/editor\/JE-Luebering\/6492).","attrs_readable_markdown":"The [president](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/presidency-of-the-United-States-of-America) and [vice president](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/vice-president-of-the-United-States-of-America) of the United States are formally elected through an [electoral college](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/electoral-college). Members (“electors”) of this electoral college are chosen through the popular vote in each state, and to be elected president a candidate must receive a majority of the electoral votes. If no candidate receives a majority, the president is elected by the [House of Representatives](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/House-of-Representatives-United-States-government), which may choose among the three candidates with the most electoral votes.\n\nClick on an election year in the interactive below to learn more about the candidates and political parties and to view electoral and popular vote counts. The table below the interactive also provides the historical election results.\n\nThis table provides all U.S. presidential election results since 1789.\n\n| year | candidate | political party | electoral votes1 | popular votes2 | popular percentage3 |\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n| 1 In elections from 1789 to 1804, each elector voted for two individuals without indicating which was to be president and which was to be vice president. |   |   |   |   |   |\n| 2 In early elections, electors were chosen by legislatures, not by popular vote, in many states. |   |   |   |   |   |\n| 3 Candidates winning no electoral votes and less than 2 percent of the popular vote are excluded; percentages may not add up to 100 percent because of rounding. |   |   |   |   |   |\n| 4 Washington was unopposed for president in 1789 and 1792. |   |   |   |   |   |\n| 5 Because the two houses of the New York legislature could not agree on electors, the state did not cast its electoral votes. North Carolina and Rhode Island had not yet ratified the Constitution. |   |   |   |   |   |\n| 6 As both Jefferson and Burr received the same number of electoral votes, the decision was referred to the House of Representatives. The [Twelfth Amendment](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Twelfth-Amendment) (1804) provided that electors cast separate ballots for president and vice president. |   |   |   |   |   |\n| 7 As no candidate received a majority of the electoral votes, the decision was made by the House of Representatives. |   |   |   |   |   |\n| 8 Greeley died shortly after the election in November. Three electors pledged to Greeley cast their votes for him, but they were not counted; the others cast their votes for the other candidates listed. |   |   |   |   |   |\n| 9 Includes a variety of joint tickets with People’s Party electors committed to Bryan. |   |   |   |   |   |\n| 10 One Gore elector from Washington, D.C., abstained from casting an electoral vote. |   |   |   |   |   |\n| Sources: Electoral and popular vote totals based on data from the Office of the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives; the United States Office of the Federal Register; the Federal Election Commission; *Congressional Quarterly’s Guide to U.S. Elections*, 4th ed. (2001); and the official certified state vote totals. |   |   |   |   |   |\n| [1789](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1789) | [George Washington](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/George-Washington) 4 | no formally organized parties | 69 5 |   |   |\n| [John Adams](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/John-Adams-president-of-United-States) |   | 34 |   |   |   |\n| [John Jay](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/John-Jay) |   | 9 |   |   |   |\n| R.H. Harrison |   | 6 |   |   |   |\n| [John Rutledge](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/John-Rutledge) |   | 6 |   |   |   |\n| [John Hancock](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/John-Hancock) |   | 4 |   |   |   |\n| [George Clinton](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/George-Clinton-vice-president-of-United-States) |   | 3 |   |   |   |\n| [Samuel Huntington](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Samuel-Huntington) |   | 2 |   |   |   |\n| John Milton |   | 2 |   |   |   |\n| James Armstrong |   | 1 |   |   |   |\n| [Benjamin Lincoln](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Benjamin-Lincoln) |   | 1 |   |   |   |\n| Edward Telfair |   | 1 |   |   |   |\n| *not voted* |   | 44 |   |   |   |\n| [1792](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1792) | [George Washington](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/George-Washington) 4 | [Federalist](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Federalist-Party) | 132 |   |   |\n| [John Adams](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/John-Adams-president-of-United-States) | [Federalist](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Federalist-Party) | 77 |   |   |   |\n| [George Clinton](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/George-Clinton-vice-president-of-United-States) | [Democratic-Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Republican-Party) | 50 |   |   |   |\n| [Thomas Jefferson](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Thomas-Jefferson) |   | 4 |   |   |   |\n| [Aaron Burr](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Aaron-Burr) |   | 1 |   |   |   |\n| [1796](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1796) | [John Adams](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/John-Adams-president-of-United-States) | [Federalist](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Federalist-Party) | 71 |   |   |\n| [Thomas Jefferson](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Thomas-Jefferson) | [Democratic-Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Republican-Party) | 68 |   |   |   |\n| [Thomas Pinckney](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Thomas-Pinckney) | [Federalist](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Federalist-Party) | 59 |   |   |   |\n| [Aaron Burr](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Aaron-Burr) | [Antifederalist](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Anti-Federalists) | 30 |   |   |   |\n| [Samuel Adams](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Samuel-Adams) | [Democratic-Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Republican-Party) | 15 |   |   |   |\n| [Oliver Ellsworth](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Oliver-Ellsworth) | [Federalist](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Federalist-Party) | 11 |   |   |   |\n| [George Clinton](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/George-Clinton-vice-president-of-United-States) | [Democratic-Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Republican-Party) | 7 |   |   |   |\n| [John Jay](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/John-Jay) | Independent-Federalist | 5 |   |   |   |\n| [James Iredell](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/James-Iredell) | [Federalist](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Federalist-Party) | 3 |   |   |   |\n| [George Washington](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/George-Washington) | [Federalist](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Federalist-Party) | 2 |   |   |   |\n| John Henry | Independent | 2 |   |   |   |\n| S. Johnston | Independent-Federalist | 2 |   |   |   |\n| [Charles Cotesworth Pinckney](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Charles-Cotesworth-Pinckney) | Independent-Federalist | 1 |   |   |   |\n| [1800](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1800) | [Thomas Jefferson](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Thomas-Jefferson) | [Democratic-Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Republican-Party) | 73 6 |   |   |\n| [Aaron Burr](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Aaron-Burr) | [Democratic-Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Republican-Party) | 73 6 |   |   |   |\n| [John Adams](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/John-Adams-president-of-United-States) | [Federalist](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Federalist-Party) | 65 |   |   |   |\n| [Charles Cotesworth Pinckney](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Charles-Cotesworth-Pinckney) | [Federalist](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Federalist-Party) | 64 |   |   |   |\n| [John Jay](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/John-Jay) | [Federalist](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Federalist-Party) | 1 |   |   |   |\n| [1804](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1804) | [Thomas Jefferson](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Thomas-Jefferson) | [Democratic-Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Republican-Party) | 162 |   |   |\n| [Charles Cotesworth Pinckney](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Charles-Cotesworth-Pinckney) | [Federalist](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Federalist-Party) | 14 |   |   |   |\n| [1808](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1808) | [James Madison](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/James-Madison) | [Democratic-Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Republican-Party) | 122 |   |   |\n| [Charles Cotesworth Pinckney](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Charles-Cotesworth-Pinckney) | [Federalist](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Federalist-Party) | 47 |   |   |   |\n| [George Clinton](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/George-Clinton-vice-president-of-United-States) | Independent-Republican | 6 |   |   |   |\n| *not voted* |   | 1 |   |   |   |\n| [1812](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1812) | [James Madison](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/James-Madison) | [Democratic-Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Republican-Party) | 128 |   |   |\n| [DeWitt Clinton](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/DeWitt-Clinton-American-politician) | Fusion | 89 |   |   |   |\n| *not voted* |   | 1 |   |   |   |\n| [1816](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1816) | [James Monroe](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/James-Monroe) | [Democratic-Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Republican-Party) | 183 |   |   |\n| [Rufus King](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Rufus-King) | [Federalist](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Federalist-Party) | 34 |   |   |   |\n| *not voted* |   | 4 |   |   |   |\n| [1820](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1820) | [James Monroe](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/James-Monroe) | [Democratic-Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Republican-Party) | 231 |   |   |\n| [John Quincy Adams](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/John-Quincy-Adams) | Independent-Republican | 1 |   |   |   |\n| *not voted* |   | 3 |   |   |   |\n| [1824](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1824) | [John Quincy Adams](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/John-Quincy-Adams) | no distinct party designations | 84 7 | 108,740 | 30\\.9 |\n| [Andrew Jackson](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Andrew-Jackson) |   | 99 | 153,544 | 41\\.3 |   |\n| [Henry Clay](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Henry-Clay) |   | 37 | 47,531 | 13\\.0 |   |\n| [William H. Crawford](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/William-H-Crawford) |   | 41 | 40,856 | 11\\.2 |   |\n| [1828](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1828) | [Andrew Jackson](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Andrew-Jackson) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 178 | 647,286 | 56\\.0 |\n| [John Quincy Adams](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/John-Quincy-Adams) | [National Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/National-Republican-Party) | 83 | 508,064 | 43\\.6 |   |\n| [1832](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1832) | [Andrew Jackson](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Andrew-Jackson) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 219 | 687,502 | 54\\.2 |\n| [Henry Clay](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Henry-Clay) | [National Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/National-Republican-Party) | 49 | 530,189 | 37\\.4 |   |\n| William Wirt | Anti-Masonic | 7 | 100,715 | 7\\.8 |   |\n| John Floyd | Nullifiers | 11 |   |   |   |\n| *not voted* |   | 2 |   |   |   |\n| [1836](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1836) | [Martin Van Buren](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Martin-Van-Buren) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 170 | 762,678 | 50\\.8 |\n| [William Henry Harrison](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/William-Henry-Harrison) | [Whig](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Whig-Party) | 73 | 550,816 | 36\\.6 |   |\n| Hugh L. White | [Whig](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Whig-Party) | 26 | 146,107 | 9\\.7 |   |\n| [Daniel Webster](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Daniel-Webster) | [Whig](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Whig-Party) | 14 | 41,201 | 2\\.7 |   |\n| W.P. Mangum | Anti-Jackson | 11 |   |   |   |\n| [1840](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1840) | [William Henry Harrison](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/William-Henry-Harrison) | [Whig](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Whig-Party) | 234 | 1,275,016 | 52\\.9 |\n| [Martin Van Buren](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Martin-Van-Buren) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 60 | 1,129,102 | 46\\.8 |   |\n| [1844](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1844) | [James K. Polk](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/James-K-Polk) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 170 | 1,337,243 | 49\\.5 |\n| [Henry Clay](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Henry-Clay) | [Whig](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Whig-Party) | 105 | 1,299,062 | 48\\.1 |   |\n| [James Gillespie Birney](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/James-Gillespie-Birney) | [Liberty](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Liberty-Party) |   | 62,103 | 2\\.3 |   |\n| [1848](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1848) | [Zachary Taylor](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Zachary-Taylor) | [Whig](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Whig-Party) | 163 | 1,360,099 | 47\\.3 |\n| [Lewis Cass](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Lewis-Cass) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 127 | 1,220,544 | 42\\.5 |   |\n| [Martin Van Buren](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Martin-Van-Buren) | [Free Soil](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Free-Soil-Party) |   | 291,501 | 10\\.1 |   |\n| [1852](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1852) | [Franklin Pierce](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Franklin-Pierce) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 254 | 1,601,274 | 50\\.8 |\n| [Winfield Scott](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Winfield-Scott) | [Whig](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Whig-Party) | 42 | 1,386,580 | 43\\.9 |   |\n| [John Parker Hale](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/John-Parker-Hale) | [Free Soil](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Free-Soil-Party) |   | 155,210 | 4\\.9 |   |\n| [1856](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1856) | [James Buchanan](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/James-Buchanan-president-of-United-States) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 174 | 1,838,169 | 45\\.3 |\n| [John C. Frémont](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/John-C-Fremont) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 114 | 1,341,264 | 33\\.1 |   |\n| [Millard Fillmore](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Millard-Fillmore) | American ([Know-Nothing](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Know-Nothing-party)) | 8 | 873,053 | 21\\.5 |   |\n| [1860](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1860) | [Abraham Lincoln](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abraham-Lincoln) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 180 | 1,866,452 | 39\\.9 |\n| [John C. Breckinridge](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/John-C-Breckinridge) | Southern Democratic | 72 | 847,953 | 18\\.1 |   |\n| [Stephen A. Douglas](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Stephen-A-Douglas) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 12 | 1,380,202 | 29\\.5 |   |\n| [John Bell](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/John-Bell-American-politician) | [Constitutional Union](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Constitutional-Union-Party) | 39 | 590,901 | 12\\.6 |   |\n| [1864](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1864) | [Abraham Lincoln](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abraham-Lincoln) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 212 | 2,213,665 | 55\\.0 |\n| [George B. McClellan](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/George-B-McClellan) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 21 | 1,805,237 | 45\\.0 |   |\n| *not voted* |   | 81 |   |   |   |\n| [1868](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1868) | [Ulysses S. Grant](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Ulysses-S-Grant) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 214 | 3,012,833 | 52\\.7 |\n| [Horatio Seymour](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Horatio-Seymour) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 80 | 2,703,249 | 47\\.3 |   |\n| *not voted* |   | 23 |   |   |   |\n| [1872](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1872) | [Ulysses S. Grant](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Ulysses-S-Grant) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 286 | 3,597,132 | 55\\.6 |\n| [Horace Greeley](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Horace-Greeley) 8 | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party)\/[Liberal Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Liberal-Republican-Party-political-party) |   | 2,834,125 | 43\\.8 |   |\n| [Thomas A. Hendricks](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Thomas-A-Hendricks) | Independent-[Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 42 |   |   |   |\n| B. Gratz Brown | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 18 |   |   |   |\n| Charles J. Jenkins | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 2 |   |   |   |\n| [David Davis](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/David-Davis) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 1 |   |   |   |\n| *not voted* |   | 17 |   |   |   |\n| [1876](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1876) | [Rutherford B. Hayes](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Rutherford-B-Hayes) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 185 | 4,036,298 | 48\\.0 |\n| [Samuel J. Tilden](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Samuel-J-Tilden) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 184 | 4,300,590 | 51\\.0 |   |\n| [1880](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1880) | [James A. Garfield](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/James-A-Garfield) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 214 | 4,454,416 | 48\\.3 |\n| [Winfield Scott Hancock](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Winfield-Scott-Hancock) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 155 | 4,444,952 | 48\\.2 |   |\n| [James B. Weaver](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/James-B-Weaver) | [Greenback](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Greenback-movement) |   | 305,997 | 3\\.3 |   |\n| [1884](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1884) | [Grover Cleveland](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Grover-Cleveland) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 219 | 4,874,986 | 48\\.5 |\n| [James G. Blaine](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/James-G-Blaine) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 182 | 4,851,981 | 48\\.3 |   |\n| [1888](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1888) | [Benjamin Harrison](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Benjamin-Harrison-president-of-United-States) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 233 | 5,439,853 | 47\\.8 |\n| [Grover Cleveland](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Grover-Cleveland) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 168 | 5,540,309 | 48\\.6 |   |\n| Clinton B. Fisk | [Prohibition](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Prohibition-Party) |   | 249,819 | 2\\.2 |   |\n| [1892](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1892) | [Grover Cleveland](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Grover-Cleveland) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 277 | 5,556,918 | 46\\.1 |\n| [Benjamin Harrison](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Benjamin-Harrison-president-of-United-States) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 145 | 5,176,108 | 43\\.0 |   |\n| [James B. Weaver](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/James-B-Weaver) | People’s ([Populist](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Populist-Movement)) | 22 | 1,027,329 | 8\\.5 |   |\n| [John Bidwell](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/John-Bidwell) | [Prohibition](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Prohibition-Party) |   | 270,770 | 2\\.2 |   |\n| [1896](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1896) | [William McKinley](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/William-McKinley) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 271 | 7,104,779 | 51\\.0 |\n| [William Jennings Bryan](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/William-Jennings-Bryan) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) 9 | 176 | 6,502,925 | 46\\.7 |   |\n| [1900](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1900) | [William McKinley](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/William-McKinley) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 292 | 7,207,923 | 51\\.7 |\n| [William Jennings Bryan](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/William-Jennings-Bryan) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) 9 | 155 | 6,358,133 | 45\\.5 |   |\n| [1904](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1904) | [Theodore Roosevelt](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Theodore-Roosevelt) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 336 | 7,623,486 | 56\\.4 |\n| [Alton B. Parker](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Alton-B-Parker) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 140 | 5,077,911 | 37\\.6 |   |\n| [Eugene V. Debs](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Eugene-V-Debs) | Socialist |   | 402,489 | 3\\.0 |   |\n| [1908](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1908) | [William Howard Taft](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/William-Howard-Taft) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 321 | 7,678,908 | 51\\.6 |\n| [William Jennings Bryan](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/William-Jennings-Bryan) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 162 | 6,409,104 | 43\\.0 |   |\n| [Eugene V. Debs](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Eugene-V-Debs) | Socialist |   | 420,380 | 2\\.8 |   |\n| [1912](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1912) | [Woodrow Wilson](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Woodrow-Wilson) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 435 | 6,293,454 | 41\\.8 |\n| [Theodore Roosevelt](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Theodore-Roosevelt) | Progressive ([Bull Moose](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Bull-Moose-Party)) | 88 | 4,119,207 | 27\\.4 |   |\n| [William Howard Taft](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/William-Howard-Taft) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 8 | 3,483,922 | 23\\.2 |   |\n| [Eugene V. Debs](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Eugene-V-Debs) | Socialist |   | 900,369 | 6\\.0 |   |\n| [1916](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1916) | [Woodrow Wilson](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Woodrow-Wilson) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 277 | 9,129,606 | 49\\.2 |\n| [Charles Evans Hughes](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Charles-Evans-Hughes) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 254 | 8,538,221 | 46\\.1 |   |\n| Allan L. Benson | Socialist |   | 589,924 | 3\\.2 |   |\n| [1920](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1920) | [Warren G. Harding](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Warren-G-Harding) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 404 | 16,147,249 | 60\\.3 |\n| [James M. Cox](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/James-M-Cox) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 127 | 9,140,864 | 34\\.1 |   |\n| [Eugene V. Debs](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Eugene-V-Debs) | Socialist |   | 897,704 | 3\\.4 |   |\n| [1924](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1924) | [Calvin Coolidge](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Calvin-Coolidge) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 382 | 15,725,016 | 54\\.1 |\n| [John W. Davis](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/John-W-Davis) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 136 | 8,386,503 | 28\\.8 |   |\n| [Robert M. La Follette](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Robert-M-La-Follette) | [Progressive](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Progressive-Party-United-States-1924) | 13 | 4,822,856 | 16\\.6 |   |\n| [1928](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1928) | [Herbert Hoover](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Herbert-Hoover) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 444 | 21,392,190 | 58\\.0 |\n| [Al Smith](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Al-Smith) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 87 | 15,016,443 | 40\\.7 |   |\n| [1932](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1932) | [Franklin D. Roosevelt](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Franklin-D-Roosevelt) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 472 | 22,821,857 | 57\\.3 |\n| [Herbert Hoover](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Herbert-Hoover) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 59 | 15,761,841 | 39\\.6 |   |\n| [Norman Thomas](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Norman-Mattoon-Thomas) | Socialist |   | 884,781 | 2\\.2 |   |\n| [1936](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1936) | [Franklin D. Roosevelt](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Franklin-D-Roosevelt) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 523 | 27,476,673 | 60\\.2 |\n| [Alf Landon](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Alf-Landon) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 8 | 16,679,583 | 36\\.5 |   |\n| [1940](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1940) | [Franklin D. Roosevelt](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Franklin-D-Roosevelt) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 449 | 27,243,466 | 54\\.7 |\n| [Wendell Willkie](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Wendell-Willkie) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 82 | 22,304,755 | 44\\.8 |   |\n| [1944](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1944) | [Franklin D. Roosevelt](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Franklin-D-Roosevelt) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 432 | 25,602,505 | 53\\.3 |\n| [Thomas E. Dewey](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Thomas-E-Dewey) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 99 | 22,006,278 | 45\\.8 |   |\n| [1948](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1948) | [Harry S. Truman](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Harry-S-Truman) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 303 | 24,105,695 | 49\\.4 |\n| [Thomas E. Dewey](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Thomas-E-Dewey) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 189 | 21,969,170 | 45\\.0 |   |\n| [Strom Thurmond](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Strom-Thurmond) | States’ Rights Democratic ([Dixiecrat](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Dixiecrat)) | 39 | 1,169,021 | 2\\.4 |   |\n| [Henry A. Wallace](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Henry-A-Wallace) | [Progressive](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Progressive-Party-United-States-1948) |   | 1,156,103 | 2\\.4 |   |\n| [1952](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1952) | [Dwight D. Eisenhower](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Dwight-D-Eisenhower) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 442 | 33,778,963 | 54\\.9 |\n| [Adlai E. Stevenson](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Adlai-E-Stevenson) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 89 | 27,314,992 | 44\\.4 |   |\n| [1956](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1956) | [Dwight D. Eisenhower](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Dwight-D-Eisenhower) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 457 | 35,581,003 | 57\\.4 |\n| [Adlai E. Stevenson](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Adlai-E-Stevenson) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 73 | 25,738,765 | 42\\.0 |   |\n| [1960](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1960) | [John F. Kennedy](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/John-F-Kennedy) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 303 | 34,227,096 | 49\\.7 |\n| [Richard Nixon](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Richard-Nixon) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 219 | 34,107,646 | 49\\.5 |   |\n| [Harry F. Byrd](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Harry-F-Byrd) | not a candidate | 15 |   |   |   |\n| [1964](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1964) | [Lyndon B. Johnson](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Lyndon-B-Johnson) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 486 | 42,825,463 | 61\\.1 |\n| [Barry Goldwater](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Barry-Goldwater) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 52 | 27,146,969 | 38\\.5 |   |\n| [1968](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1968) | [Richard Nixon](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Richard-Nixon) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 301 | 31,710,470 | 43\\.4 |\n| [Hubert Humphrey](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Hubert-Humphrey) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 191 | 30,898,055 | 42\\.7 |   |\n| [George Wallace](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/George-C-Wallace) | American Independent | 46 | 9,906,473 | 13\\.5 |   |\n| [1972](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1972) | [Richard Nixon](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Richard-Nixon) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 520 | 46,740,323 | 60\\.7 |\n| [George McGovern](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/George-McGovern) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 17 | 28,901,598 | 37\\.5 |   |\n| [1976](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1976) | [Jimmy Carter](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Jimmy-Carter) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 297 | 40,825,839 | 50\\.0 |\n| [Gerald Ford](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Gerald-Ford) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 240 | 39,147,770 | 48\\.0 |   |\n| [1980](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1980) | [Ronald Reagan](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Ronald-Reagan) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 489 | 43,642,639 | 50\\.4 |\n| [Jimmy Carter](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Jimmy-Carter) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 49 | 35,480,948 | 41\\.0 |   |\n| John B. Anderson | Independent |   | 5,719,437 | 6\\.6 |   |\n| [1984](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1984) | [Ronald Reagan](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Ronald-Reagan) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 525 | 54,455,075 | 58\\.8 |\n| [Walter Mondale](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Walter-Mondale) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 13 | 37,577,185 | 40\\.6 |   |\n| [1988](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1988) | [George H.W. Bush](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/George-H-W-Bush) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 426 | 48,886,097 | 53\\.4 |\n| [Michael Dukakis](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Michael-Dukakis) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 111 | 41,809,074 | 45\\.7 |   |\n| [1992](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1992) | [Bill Clinton](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Bill-Clinton) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 370 | 44,909,889 | 43\\.0 |\n| [George H.W. Bush](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/George-H-W-Bush) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 168 | 39,104,545 | 37\\.4 |   |\n| [Ross Perot](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/money\/Ross-Perot) | Independent |   | 19,742,267 | 18\\.9 |   |\n| [1996](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1996) | [Bill Clinton](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Bill-Clinton) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 379 | 47,402,357 | 49\\.2 |\n| [Bob Dole](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Bob-Dole) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 159 | 39,198,755 | 40\\.7 |   |\n| [Ross Perot](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/money\/Ross-Perot) | Reform |   | 8,085,402 | 8\\.4 |   |\n| [2000](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-2000) | [George W. Bush](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/George-W-Bush) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 271 | 50,455,156 | 47\\.9 |\n| [Al Gore](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Al-Gore) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 266 10 | 50,992,335 | 48\\.4 |   |\n| [Ralph Nader](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Ralph-Nader) | [Green](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Green-Party-of-the-United-States) |   | 2,882,897 | 2\\.7 |   |\n| [2004](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-2004) | [George W. Bush](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/George-W-Bush) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 286 | 62,040,610 | 50\\.7 |\n| [John Kerry](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/John-Kerry) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 251 | 59,028,444 | 48\\.3 |   |\n| [2008](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-2008) | [Barack Obama](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Barack-Obama) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 365 | 69,498,516 | 52\\.9 |\n| [John McCain](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/John-McCain) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 173 | 59,948,323 | 45\\.7 |   |\n| [2012](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-Presidential-Election-of-2012) | [Barack Obama](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Barack-Obama) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 332 | 65,915,795 | 51\\.1 |\n| [Mitt Romney](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mitt-Romney) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 206 | 60,933,504 | 47\\.2 |   |\n| [2016](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/United-States-presidential-election-of-2016) | [Donald Trump](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Donald-Trump) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 304 | 62,984,828 | 46\\.1 |\n| [Hillary Clinton](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Hillary-Clinton) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 227 | 65,853,514 | 48\\.2 |   |\n| [2020](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-2020) | [Joe Biden](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Joe-Biden) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 306 | 81,283,501 | 51\\.3 |\n| [Donald Trump](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Donald-Trump) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 232 | 74,223,975 | 46\\.8 |   |\n| [2024](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-2024) | [Donald Trump](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Donald-Trump) | [Republican](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Republican-Party) | 312 | 77,302,580 | 49\\.8 |\n| [Kamala Harris](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Kamala-Harris) | [Democratic](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Democratic-Party) | 226 | 75,017,613 | 48\\.3 |   |","meta_canonical":null,"ml_categories_json":"{\"\/Law_and_Government\":766,\"\/Law_and_Government\/Government\":746,\"\/Law_and_Government\/Government\/Legislative_Branch\":467}","ml_types_json":"{\"\/Article\":959,\"\/Article\/News_Update\":394}","ml_intent_types_json":"{\"Informational\":999}","meta_language":"en","attrs_author":null,"attrs_publish_time":0,"attrs_original_publish_time":1467998920,"attrs_is_republished":0,"attrs_nr_words":"1956","attrs_boilerpipe_nr_words":"1590","body_ext_links_number":4,"body_int_links_number":244,"meta_nofollow":0,"meta_noarchive":0,"props_was_rendered":0,"src_redirect":"","download_time_msec":200,"download_ttfb_msec":198,"download_size":23846}

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Historical U.S. Presidential Election Results | Britannica

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The president and vice president of the United States are formally elected through an electoral college . Members (“electors”) of this electoral college are chosen through the popular vote in each state, and to be elected president a candidate must receive a majority of the electoral votes. If no candidate receives a majority, the president is elected by the House of Representatives , which may choose among the three candidates with the most electoral votes. Click on an election year in the interactive below to learn more about the candidates and political parties and to view electoral and popular vote counts. The table below the interactive also provides the historical election results. This table provides all U.S. presidential election results since 1789. year candidate political party electoral votes 1 popular votes 2 popular percentage 3 1 In elections from 1789 to 1804, each elector voted for two individuals without indicating which was to be president and which was to be vice president. 2 In early elections, electors were chosen by legislatures, not by popular vote, in many states. 3 Candidates winning no electoral votes and less than 2 percent of the popular vote are excluded; percentages may not add up to 100 percent because of rounding. 4 Washington was unopposed for president in 1789 and 1792. 5 Because the two houses of the New York legislature could not agree on electors, the state did not cast its electoral votes. North Carolina and Rhode Island had not yet ratified the Constitution. 6 As both Jefferson and Burr received the same number of electoral votes, the decision was referred to the House of Representatives. The Twelfth Amendment (1804) provided that electors cast separate ballots for president and vice president. 7 As no candidate received a majority of the electoral votes, the decision was made by the House of Representatives. 8 Greeley died shortly after the election in November. Three electors pledged to Greeley cast their votes for him, but they were not counted; the others cast their votes for the other candidates listed. 9 Includes a variety of joint tickets with People’s Party electors committed to Bryan. 10 One Gore elector from Washington, D.C., abstained from casting an electoral vote. Sources: Electoral and popular vote totals based on data from the Office of the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives; the United States Office of the Federal Register; the Federal Election Commission; Congressional Quarterly’s Guide to U.S. Elections , 4th ed. (2001); and the official certified state vote totals. 1789 George Washington 4 no formally organized parties 69 5 John Adams 34 John Jay 9 R.H. Harrison 6 John Rutledge 6 John Hancock 4 George Clinton 3 Samuel Huntington 2 John Milton 2 James Armstrong 1 Benjamin Lincoln 1 Edward Telfair 1 not voted 44 1792 George Washington 4 Federalist 132 John Adams Federalist 77 George Clinton Democratic-Republican 50 Thomas Jefferson 4 Aaron Burr 1 1796 John Adams Federalist 71 Thomas Jefferson Democratic-Republican 68 Thomas Pinckney Federalist 59 Aaron Burr Antifederalist 30 Samuel Adams Democratic-Republican 15 Oliver Ellsworth Federalist 11 George Clinton Democratic-Republican 7 John Jay Independent-Federalist 5 James Iredell Federalist 3 George Washington Federalist 2 John Henry Independent 2 S. Johnston Independent-Federalist 2 Charles Cotesworth Pinckney Independent-Federalist 1 1800 Thomas Jefferson Democratic-Republican 73 6 Aaron Burr Democratic-Republican 73 6 John Adams Federalist 65 Charles Cotesworth Pinckney Federalist 64 John Jay Federalist 1 1804 Thomas Jefferson Democratic-Republican 162 Charles Cotesworth Pinckney Federalist 14 1808 James Madison Democratic-Republican 122 Charles Cotesworth Pinckney Federalist 47 George Clinton Independent-Republican 6 not voted 1 1812 James Madison Democratic-Republican 128 DeWitt Clinton Fusion 89 not voted 1 1816 James Monroe Democratic-Republican 183 Rufus King Federalist 34 not voted 4 1820 James Monroe Democratic-Republican 231 John Quincy Adams Independent-Republican 1 not voted 3 1824 John Quincy Adams no distinct party designations 84 7 108,740 30.9 Andrew Jackson 99 153,544 41.3 Henry Clay 37 47,531 13.0 William H. Crawford 41 40,856 11.2 1828 Andrew Jackson Democratic 178 647,286 56.0 John Quincy Adams National Republican 83 508,064 43.6 1832 Andrew Jackson Democratic 219 687,502 54.2 Henry Clay National Republican 49 530,189 37.4 William Wirt Anti-Masonic 7 100,715 7.8 John Floyd Nullifiers 11 not voted 2 1836 Martin Van Buren Democratic 170 762,678 50.8 William Henry Harrison Whig 73 550,816 36.6 Hugh L. White Whig 26 146,107 9.7 Daniel Webster Whig 14 41,201 2.7 W.P. Mangum Anti-Jackson 11 1840 William Henry Harrison Whig 234 1,275,016 52.9 Martin Van Buren Democratic 60 1,129,102 46.8 1844 James K. Polk Democratic 170 1,337,243 49.5 Henry Clay Whig 105 1,299,062 48.1 James Gillespie Birney Liberty 62,103 2.3 1848 Zachary Taylor Whig 163 1,360,099 47.3 Lewis Cass Democratic 127 1,220,544 42.5 Martin Van Buren Free Soil 291,501 10.1 1852 Franklin Pierce Democratic 254 1,601,274 50.8 Winfield Scott Whig 42 1,386,580 43.9 John Parker Hale Free Soil 155,210 4.9 1856 James Buchanan Democratic 174 1,838,169 45.3 John C. Frémont Republican 114 1,341,264 33.1 Millard Fillmore American ( Know-Nothing ) 8 873,053 21.5 1860 Abraham Lincoln Republican 180 1,866,452 39.9 John C. Breckinridge Southern Democratic 72 847,953 18.1 Stephen A. Douglas Democratic 12 1,380,202 29.5 John Bell Constitutional Union 39 590,901 12.6 1864 Abraham Lincoln Republican 212 2,213,665 55.0 George B. McClellan Democratic 21 1,805,237 45.0 not voted 81 1868 Ulysses S. Grant Republican 214 3,012,833 52.7 Horatio Seymour Democratic 80 2,703,249 47.3 not voted 23 1872 Ulysses S. Grant Republican 286 3,597,132 55.6 Horace Greeley 8 Democratic / Liberal Republican 2,834,125 43.8 Thomas A. Hendricks Independent- Democratic 42 B. Gratz Brown Democratic 18 Charles J. Jenkins Democratic 2 David Davis Democratic 1 not voted 17 1876 Rutherford B. Hayes Republican 185 4,036,298 48.0 Samuel J. Tilden Democratic 184 4,300,590 51.0 1880 James A. Garfield Republican 214 4,454,416 48.3 Winfield Scott Hancock Democratic 155 4,444,952 48.2 James B. Weaver Greenback 305,997 3.3 1884 Grover Cleveland Democratic 219 4,874,986 48.5 James G. Blaine Republican 182 4,851,981 48.3 1888 Benjamin Harrison Republican 233 5,439,853 47.8 Grover Cleveland Democratic 168 5,540,309 48.6 Clinton B. Fisk Prohibition 249,819 2.2 1892 Grover Cleveland Democratic 277 5,556,918 46.1 Benjamin Harrison Republican 145 5,176,108 43.0 James B. Weaver People’s ( Populist ) 22 1,027,329 8.5 John Bidwell Prohibition 270,770 2.2 1896 William McKinley Republican 271 7,104,779 51.0 William Jennings Bryan Democratic 9 176 6,502,925 46.7 1900 William McKinley Republican 292 7,207,923 51.7 William Jennings Bryan Democratic 9 155 6,358,133 45.5 1904 Theodore Roosevelt Republican 336 7,623,486 56.4 Alton B. Parker Democratic 140 5,077,911 37.6 Eugene V. Debs Socialist 402,489 3.0 1908 William Howard Taft Republican 321 7,678,908 51.6 William Jennings Bryan Democratic 162 6,409,104 43.0 Eugene V. Debs Socialist 420,380 2.8 1912 Woodrow Wilson Democratic 435 6,293,454 41.8 Theodore Roosevelt Progressive ( Bull Moose ) 88 4,119,207 27.4 William Howard Taft Republican 8 3,483,922 23.2 Eugene V. Debs Socialist 900,369 6.0 1916 Woodrow Wilson Democratic 277 9,129,606 49.2 Charles Evans Hughes Republican 254 8,538,221 46.1 Allan L. Benson Socialist 589,924 3.2 1920 Warren G. Harding Republican 404 16,147,249 60.3 James M. Cox Democratic 127 9,140,864 34.1 Eugene V. Debs Socialist 897,704 3.4 1924 Calvin Coolidge Republican 382 15,725,016 54.1 John W. Davis Democratic 136 8,386,503 28.8 Robert M. La Follette Progressive 13 4,822,856 16.6 1928 Herbert Hoover Republican 444 21,392,190 58.0 Al Smith Democratic 87 15,016,443 40.7 1932 Franklin D. Roosevelt Democratic 472 22,821,857 57.3 Herbert Hoover Republican 59 15,761,841 39.6 Norman Thomas Socialist 884,781 2.2 1936 Franklin D. Roosevelt Democratic 523 27,476,673 60.2 Alf Landon Republican 8 16,679,583 36.5 1940 Franklin D. Roosevelt Democratic 449 27,243,466 54.7 Wendell Willkie Republican 82 22,304,755 44.8 1944 Franklin D. Roosevelt Democratic 432 25,602,505 53.3 Thomas E. Dewey Republican 99 22,006,278 45.8 1948 Harry S. Truman Democratic 303 24,105,695 49.4 Thomas E. Dewey Republican 189 21,969,170 45.0 Strom Thurmond States’ Rights Democratic ( Dixiecrat ) 39 1,169,021 2.4 Henry A. Wallace Progressive 1,156,103 2.4 1952 Dwight D. Eisenhower Republican 442 33,778,963 54.9 Adlai E. Stevenson Democratic 89 27,314,992 44.4 1956 Dwight D. Eisenhower Republican 457 35,581,003 57.4 Adlai E. Stevenson Democratic 73 25,738,765 42.0 1960 John F. Kennedy Democratic 303 34,227,096 49.7 Richard Nixon Republican 219 34,107,646 49.5 Harry F. Byrd not a candidate 15 1964 Lyndon B. Johnson Democratic 486 42,825,463 61.1 Barry Goldwater Republican 52 27,146,969 38.5 1968 Richard Nixon Republican 301 31,710,470 43.4 Hubert Humphrey Democratic 191 30,898,055 42.7 George Wallace American Independent 46 9,906,473 13.5 1972 Richard Nixon Republican 520 46,740,323 60.7 George McGovern Democratic 17 28,901,598 37.5 1976 Jimmy Carter Democratic 297 40,825,839 50.0 Gerald Ford Republican 240 39,147,770 48.0 1980 Ronald Reagan Republican 489 43,642,639 50.4 Jimmy Carter Democratic 49 35,480,948 41.0 John B. Anderson Independent 5,719,437 6.6 1984 Ronald Reagan Republican 525 54,455,075 58.8 Walter Mondale Democratic 13 37,577,185 40.6 1988 George H.W. Bush Republican 426 48,886,097 53.4 Michael Dukakis Democratic 111 41,809,074 45.7 1992 Bill Clinton Democratic 370 44,909,889 43.0 George H.W. Bush Republican 168 39,104,545 37.4 Ross Perot Independent 19,742,267 18.9 1996 Bill Clinton Democratic 379 47,402,357 49.2 Bob Dole Republican 159 39,198,755 40.7 Ross Perot Reform 8,085,402 8.4 2000 George W. Bush Republican 271 50,455,156 47.9 Al Gore Democratic 266 10 50,992,335 48.4 Ralph Nader Green 2,882,897 2.7 2004 George W. Bush Republican 286 62,040,610 50.7 John Kerry Democratic 251 59,028,444 48.3 2008 Barack Obama Democratic 365 69,498,516 52.9 John McCain Republican 173 59,948,323 45.7 2012 Barack Obama Democratic 332 65,915,795 51.1 Mitt Romney Republican 206 60,933,504 47.2 2016 Donald Trump Republican 304 62,984,828 46.1 Hillary Clinton Democratic 227 65,853,514 48.2 2020 Joe Biden Democratic 306 81,283,501 51.3 Donald Trump Republican 232 74,223,975 46.8 2024 Donald Trump Republican 312 77,302,580 49.8 Kamala Harris Democratic 226 75,017,613 48.3

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External Websites # United States Presidential Election Results Ask Anything Homework Help Written and fact-checked by [Britannica Editors Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree....](https://www.britannica.com/editor/The-Editors-of-Encyclopaedia-Britannica/4419) Britannica Editors [History](https://www.britannica.com/topic/United-States-Presidential-Election-Results-1788863/additional-info#history) ![Britannica AI Icon](https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-179/images/chatbot/star-ai.svg?v=3.179.9) Britannica AI Ask Anything Table of Contents Table of Contents Ask Anything The [president](https://www.britannica.com/topic/presidency-of-the-United-States-of-America) and [vice president](https://www.britannica.com/topic/vice-president-of-the-United-States-of-America) of the United States are formally elected through an [electoral college](https://www.britannica.com/topic/electoral-college). Members (“electors”) of this electoral college are chosen through the popular vote in each state, and to be elected president a candidate must receive a majority of the electoral votes. If no candidate receives a majority, the president is elected by the [House of Representatives](https://www.britannica.com/topic/House-of-Representatives-United-States-government), which may choose among the three candidates with the most electoral votes. Click on an election year in the interactive below to learn more about the candidates and political parties and to view electoral and popular vote counts. The table below the interactive also provides the historical election results. This table provides all U.S. presidential election results since 1789. | year | candidate | political party | electoral votes1 | popular votes2 | popular percentage3 | |---|---|---|---|---|---| | 1 In elections from 1789 to 1804, each elector voted for two individuals without indicating which was to be president and which was to be vice president. | | | | | | | 2 In early elections, electors were chosen by legislatures, not by popular vote, in many states. | | | | | | | 3 Candidates winning no electoral votes and less than 2 percent of the popular vote are excluded; percentages may not add up to 100 percent because of rounding. | | | | | | | 4 Washington was unopposed for president in 1789 and 1792. | | | | | | | 5 Because the two houses of the New York legislature could not agree on electors, the state did not cast its electoral votes. North Carolina and Rhode Island had not yet ratified the Constitution. | | | | | | | 6 As both Jefferson and Burr received the same number of electoral votes, the decision was referred to the House of Representatives. The [Twelfth Amendment](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Twelfth-Amendment) (1804) provided that electors cast separate ballots for president and vice president. | | | | | | | 7 As no candidate received a majority of the electoral votes, the decision was made by the House of Representatives. | | | | | | | 8 Greeley died shortly after the election in November. Three electors pledged to Greeley cast their votes for him, but they were not counted; the others cast their votes for the other candidates listed. | | | | | | | 9 Includes a variety of joint tickets with People’s Party electors committed to Bryan. | | | | | | | 10 One Gore elector from Washington, D.C., abstained from casting an electoral vote. | | | | | | | Sources: Electoral and popular vote totals based on data from the Office of the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives; the United States Office of the Federal Register; the Federal Election Commission; *Congressional Quarterly’s Guide to U.S. Elections*, 4th ed. (2001); and the official certified state vote totals. | | | | | | | [1789](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1789) | [George Washington](https://www.britannica.com/biography/George-Washington) 4 | no formally organized parties | 69 5 | | | | [John Adams](https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Adams-president-of-United-States) | | 34 | | | | | [John Jay](https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Jay) | | 9 | | | | | R.H. Harrison | | 6 | | | | | [John Rutledge](https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Rutledge) | | 6 | | | | | [John Hancock](https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Hancock) | | 4 | | | | | [George Clinton](https://www.britannica.com/biography/George-Clinton-vice-president-of-United-States) | | 3 | | | | | [Samuel Huntington](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Samuel-Huntington) | | 2 | | | | | John Milton | | 2 | | | | | James Armstrong | | 1 | | | | | [Benjamin Lincoln](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Benjamin-Lincoln) | | 1 | | | | | Edward Telfair | | 1 | | | | | *not voted* | | 44 | | | | | [1792](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1792) | [George Washington](https://www.britannica.com/biography/George-Washington) 4 | [Federalist](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Federalist-Party) | 132 | | | | [John Adams](https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Adams-president-of-United-States) | [Federalist](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Federalist-Party) | 77 | | | | | [George Clinton](https://www.britannica.com/biography/George-Clinton-vice-president-of-United-States) | [Democratic-Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Republican-Party) | 50 | | | | | [Thomas Jefferson](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Jefferson) | | 4 | | | | | [Aaron Burr](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Aaron-Burr) | | 1 | | | | | [1796](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1796) | [John Adams](https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Adams-president-of-United-States) | [Federalist](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Federalist-Party) | 71 | | | | [Thomas Jefferson](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Jefferson) | [Democratic-Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Republican-Party) | 68 | | | | | [Thomas Pinckney](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Pinckney) | [Federalist](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Federalist-Party) | 59 | | | | | [Aaron Burr](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Aaron-Burr) | [Antifederalist](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Anti-Federalists) | 30 | | | | | [Samuel Adams](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Samuel-Adams) | [Democratic-Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Republican-Party) | 15 | | | | | [Oliver Ellsworth](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Oliver-Ellsworth) | [Federalist](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Federalist-Party) | 11 | | | | | [George Clinton](https://www.britannica.com/biography/George-Clinton-vice-president-of-United-States) | [Democratic-Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Republican-Party) | 7 | | | | | [John Jay](https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Jay) | Independent-Federalist | 5 | | | | | [James Iredell](https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Iredell) | [Federalist](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Federalist-Party) | 3 | | | | | [George Washington](https://www.britannica.com/biography/George-Washington) | [Federalist](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Federalist-Party) | 2 | | | | | John Henry | Independent | 2 | | | | | S. Johnston | Independent-Federalist | 2 | | | | | [Charles Cotesworth Pinckney](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Cotesworth-Pinckney) | Independent-Federalist | 1 | | | | | [1800](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1800) | [Thomas Jefferson](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Jefferson) | [Democratic-Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Republican-Party) | 73 6 | | | | [Aaron Burr](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Aaron-Burr) | [Democratic-Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Republican-Party) | 73 6 | | | | | [John Adams](https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Adams-president-of-United-States) | [Federalist](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Federalist-Party) | 65 | | | | | [Charles Cotesworth Pinckney](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Cotesworth-Pinckney) | [Federalist](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Federalist-Party) | 64 | | | | | [John Jay](https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Jay) | [Federalist](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Federalist-Party) | 1 | | | | | [1804](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1804) | [Thomas Jefferson](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Jefferson) | [Democratic-Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Republican-Party) | 162 | | | | [Charles Cotesworth Pinckney](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Cotesworth-Pinckney) | [Federalist](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Federalist-Party) | 14 | | | | | [1808](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1808) | [James Madison](https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Madison) | [Democratic-Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Republican-Party) | 122 | | | | [Charles Cotesworth Pinckney](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Cotesworth-Pinckney) | [Federalist](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Federalist-Party) | 47 | | | | | [George Clinton](https://www.britannica.com/biography/George-Clinton-vice-president-of-United-States) | Independent-Republican | 6 | | | | | *not voted* | | 1 | | | | | [1812](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1812) | [James Madison](https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Madison) | [Democratic-Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Republican-Party) | 128 | | | | [DeWitt Clinton](https://www.britannica.com/biography/DeWitt-Clinton-American-politician) | Fusion | 89 | | | | | *not voted* | | 1 | | | | | [1816](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1816) | [James Monroe](https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Monroe) | [Democratic-Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Republican-Party) | 183 | | | | [Rufus King](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rufus-King) | [Federalist](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Federalist-Party) | 34 | | | | | *not voted* | | 4 | | | | | [1820](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1820) | [James Monroe](https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Monroe) | [Democratic-Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Republican-Party) | 231 | | | | [John Quincy Adams](https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Quincy-Adams) | Independent-Republican | 1 | | | | | *not voted* | | 3 | | | | | [1824](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1824) | [John Quincy Adams](https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Quincy-Adams) | no distinct party designations | 84 7 | 108,740 | 30\.9 | | [Andrew Jackson](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Andrew-Jackson) | | 99 | 153,544 | 41\.3 | | | [Henry Clay](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Clay) | | 37 | 47,531 | 13\.0 | | | [William H. Crawford](https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-H-Crawford) | | 41 | 40,856 | 11\.2 | | | [1828](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1828) | [Andrew Jackson](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Andrew-Jackson) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 178 | 647,286 | 56\.0 | | [John Quincy Adams](https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Quincy-Adams) | [National Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/National-Republican-Party) | 83 | 508,064 | 43\.6 | | | [1832](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1832) | [Andrew Jackson](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Andrew-Jackson) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 219 | 687,502 | 54\.2 | | [Henry Clay](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Clay) | [National Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/National-Republican-Party) | 49 | 530,189 | 37\.4 | | | William Wirt | Anti-Masonic | 7 | 100,715 | 7\.8 | | | John Floyd | Nullifiers | 11 | | | | | *not voted* | | 2 | | | | | [1836](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1836) | [Martin Van Buren](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Martin-Van-Buren) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 170 | 762,678 | 50\.8 | | [William Henry Harrison](https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-Henry-Harrison) | [Whig](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Whig-Party) | 73 | 550,816 | 36\.6 | | | Hugh L. White | [Whig](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Whig-Party) | 26 | 146,107 | 9\.7 | | | [Daniel Webster](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Daniel-Webster) | [Whig](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Whig-Party) | 14 | 41,201 | 2\.7 | | | W.P. Mangum | Anti-Jackson | 11 | | | | | [1840](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1840) | [William Henry Harrison](https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-Henry-Harrison) | [Whig](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Whig-Party) | 234 | 1,275,016 | 52\.9 | | [Martin Van Buren](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Martin-Van-Buren) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 60 | 1,129,102 | 46\.8 | | | [1844](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1844) | [James K. Polk](https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-K-Polk) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 170 | 1,337,243 | 49\.5 | | [Henry Clay](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Clay) | [Whig](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Whig-Party) | 105 | 1,299,062 | 48\.1 | | | [James Gillespie Birney](https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Gillespie-Birney) | [Liberty](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Liberty-Party) | | 62,103 | 2\.3 | | | [1848](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1848) | [Zachary Taylor](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Zachary-Taylor) | [Whig](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Whig-Party) | 163 | 1,360,099 | 47\.3 | | [Lewis Cass](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lewis-Cass) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 127 | 1,220,544 | 42\.5 | | | [Martin Van Buren](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Martin-Van-Buren) | [Free Soil](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Free-Soil-Party) | | 291,501 | 10\.1 | | | [1852](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1852) | [Franklin Pierce](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Franklin-Pierce) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 254 | 1,601,274 | 50\.8 | | [Winfield Scott](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Winfield-Scott) | [Whig](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Whig-Party) | 42 | 1,386,580 | 43\.9 | | | [John Parker Hale](https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Parker-Hale) | [Free Soil](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Free-Soil-Party) | | 155,210 | 4\.9 | | | [1856](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1856) | [James Buchanan](https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Buchanan-president-of-United-States) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 174 | 1,838,169 | 45\.3 | | [John C. Frémont](https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-C-Fremont) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 114 | 1,341,264 | 33\.1 | | | [Millard Fillmore](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Millard-Fillmore) | American ([Know-Nothing](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Know-Nothing-party)) | 8 | 873,053 | 21\.5 | | | [1860](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1860) | [Abraham Lincoln](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Abraham-Lincoln) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 180 | 1,866,452 | 39\.9 | | [John C. Breckinridge](https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-C-Breckinridge) | Southern Democratic | 72 | 847,953 | 18\.1 | | | [Stephen A. Douglas](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Stephen-A-Douglas) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 12 | 1,380,202 | 29\.5 | | | [John Bell](https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Bell-American-politician) | [Constitutional Union](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Constitutional-Union-Party) | 39 | 590,901 | 12\.6 | | | [1864](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1864) | [Abraham Lincoln](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Abraham-Lincoln) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 212 | 2,213,665 | 55\.0 | | [George B. McClellan](https://www.britannica.com/biography/George-B-McClellan) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 21 | 1,805,237 | 45\.0 | | | *not voted* | | 81 | | | | | [1868](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1868) | [Ulysses S. Grant](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ulysses-S-Grant) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 214 | 3,012,833 | 52\.7 | | [Horatio Seymour](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Horatio-Seymour) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 80 | 2,703,249 | 47\.3 | | | *not voted* | | 23 | | | | | [1872](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1872) | [Ulysses S. Grant](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ulysses-S-Grant) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 286 | 3,597,132 | 55\.6 | | [Horace Greeley](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Horace-Greeley) 8 | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party)/[Liberal Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Liberal-Republican-Party-political-party) | | 2,834,125 | 43\.8 | | | [Thomas A. Hendricks](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-A-Hendricks) | Independent-[Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 42 | | | | | B. Gratz Brown | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 18 | | | | | Charles J. Jenkins | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 2 | | | | | [David Davis](https://www.britannica.com/biography/David-Davis) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 1 | | | | | *not voted* | | 17 | | | | | [1876](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1876) | [Rutherford B. Hayes](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rutherford-B-Hayes) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 185 | 4,036,298 | 48\.0 | | [Samuel J. Tilden](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Samuel-J-Tilden) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 184 | 4,300,590 | 51\.0 | | | [1880](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1880) | [James A. Garfield](https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-A-Garfield) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 214 | 4,454,416 | 48\.3 | | [Winfield Scott Hancock](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Winfield-Scott-Hancock) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 155 | 4,444,952 | 48\.2 | | | [James B. Weaver](https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-B-Weaver) | [Greenback](https://www.britannica.com/event/Greenback-movement) | | 305,997 | 3\.3 | | | [1884](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1884) | [Grover Cleveland](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Grover-Cleveland) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 219 | 4,874,986 | 48\.5 | | [James G. Blaine](https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-G-Blaine) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 182 | 4,851,981 | 48\.3 | | | [1888](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1888) | [Benjamin Harrison](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Benjamin-Harrison-president-of-United-States) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 233 | 5,439,853 | 47\.8 | | [Grover Cleveland](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Grover-Cleveland) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 168 | 5,540,309 | 48\.6 | | | Clinton B. Fisk | [Prohibition](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Prohibition-Party) | | 249,819 | 2\.2 | | | [1892](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1892) | [Grover Cleveland](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Grover-Cleveland) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 277 | 5,556,918 | 46\.1 | | [Benjamin Harrison](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Benjamin-Harrison-president-of-United-States) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 145 | 5,176,108 | 43\.0 | | | [James B. Weaver](https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-B-Weaver) | People’s ([Populist](https://www.britannica.com/event/Populist-Movement)) | 22 | 1,027,329 | 8\.5 | | | [John Bidwell](https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Bidwell) | [Prohibition](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Prohibition-Party) | | 270,770 | 2\.2 | | | [1896](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1896) | [William McKinley](https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-McKinley) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 271 | 7,104,779 | 51\.0 | | [William Jennings Bryan](https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-Jennings-Bryan) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) 9 | 176 | 6,502,925 | 46\.7 | | | [1900](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1900) | [William McKinley](https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-McKinley) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 292 | 7,207,923 | 51\.7 | | [William Jennings Bryan](https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-Jennings-Bryan) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) 9 | 155 | 6,358,133 | 45\.5 | | | [1904](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1904) | [Theodore Roosevelt](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Theodore-Roosevelt) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 336 | 7,623,486 | 56\.4 | | [Alton B. Parker](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alton-B-Parker) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 140 | 5,077,911 | 37\.6 | | | [Eugene V. Debs](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Eugene-V-Debs) | Socialist | | 402,489 | 3\.0 | | | [1908](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1908) | [William Howard Taft](https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-Howard-Taft) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 321 | 7,678,908 | 51\.6 | | [William Jennings Bryan](https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-Jennings-Bryan) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 162 | 6,409,104 | 43\.0 | | | [Eugene V. Debs](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Eugene-V-Debs) | Socialist | | 420,380 | 2\.8 | | | [1912](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1912) | [Woodrow Wilson](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Woodrow-Wilson) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 435 | 6,293,454 | 41\.8 | | [Theodore Roosevelt](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Theodore-Roosevelt) | Progressive ([Bull Moose](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bull-Moose-Party)) | 88 | 4,119,207 | 27\.4 | | | [William Howard Taft](https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-Howard-Taft) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 8 | 3,483,922 | 23\.2 | | | [Eugene V. Debs](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Eugene-V-Debs) | Socialist | | 900,369 | 6\.0 | | | [1916](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1916) | [Woodrow Wilson](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Woodrow-Wilson) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 277 | 9,129,606 | 49\.2 | | [Charles Evans Hughes](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Evans-Hughes) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 254 | 8,538,221 | 46\.1 | | | Allan L. Benson | Socialist | | 589,924 | 3\.2 | | | [1920](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1920) | [Warren G. Harding](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Warren-G-Harding) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 404 | 16,147,249 | 60\.3 | | [James M. Cox](https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-M-Cox) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 127 | 9,140,864 | 34\.1 | | | [Eugene V. Debs](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Eugene-V-Debs) | Socialist | | 897,704 | 3\.4 | | | [1924](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1924) | [Calvin Coolidge](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Calvin-Coolidge) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 382 | 15,725,016 | 54\.1 | | [John W. Davis](https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-W-Davis) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 136 | 8,386,503 | 28\.8 | | | [Robert M. La Follette](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Robert-M-La-Follette) | [Progressive](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Progressive-Party-United-States-1924) | 13 | 4,822,856 | 16\.6 | | | [1928](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1928) | [Herbert Hoover](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Herbert-Hoover) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 444 | 21,392,190 | 58\.0 | | [Al Smith](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Al-Smith) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 87 | 15,016,443 | 40\.7 | | | [1932](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1932) | [Franklin D. Roosevelt](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Franklin-D-Roosevelt) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 472 | 22,821,857 | 57\.3 | | [Herbert Hoover](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Herbert-Hoover) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 59 | 15,761,841 | 39\.6 | | | [Norman Thomas](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Norman-Mattoon-Thomas) | Socialist | | 884,781 | 2\.2 | | | [1936](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1936) | [Franklin D. Roosevelt](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Franklin-D-Roosevelt) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 523 | 27,476,673 | 60\.2 | | [Alf Landon](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alf-Landon) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 8 | 16,679,583 | 36\.5 | | | [1940](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1940) | [Franklin D. Roosevelt](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Franklin-D-Roosevelt) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 449 | 27,243,466 | 54\.7 | | [Wendell Willkie](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Wendell-Willkie) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 82 | 22,304,755 | 44\.8 | | | [1944](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1944) | [Franklin D. Roosevelt](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Franklin-D-Roosevelt) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 432 | 25,602,505 | 53\.3 | | [Thomas E. Dewey](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-E-Dewey) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 99 | 22,006,278 | 45\.8 | | | [1948](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1948) | [Harry S. Truman](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Harry-S-Truman) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 303 | 24,105,695 | 49\.4 | | [Thomas E. Dewey](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-E-Dewey) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 189 | 21,969,170 | 45\.0 | | | [Strom Thurmond](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Strom-Thurmond) | States’ Rights Democratic ([Dixiecrat](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Dixiecrat)) | 39 | 1,169,021 | 2\.4 | | | [Henry A. Wallace](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-A-Wallace) | [Progressive](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Progressive-Party-United-States-1948) | | 1,156,103 | 2\.4 | | | [1952](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1952) | [Dwight D. Eisenhower](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Dwight-D-Eisenhower) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 442 | 33,778,963 | 54\.9 | | [Adlai E. Stevenson](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Adlai-E-Stevenson) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 89 | 27,314,992 | 44\.4 | | | [1956](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1956) | [Dwight D. Eisenhower](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Dwight-D-Eisenhower) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 457 | 35,581,003 | 57\.4 | | [Adlai E. Stevenson](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Adlai-E-Stevenson) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 73 | 25,738,765 | 42\.0 | | | [1960](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1960) | [John F. Kennedy](https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-F-Kennedy) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 303 | 34,227,096 | 49\.7 | | [Richard Nixon](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Richard-Nixon) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 219 | 34,107,646 | 49\.5 | | | [Harry F. Byrd](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Harry-F-Byrd) | not a candidate | 15 | | | | | [1964](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1964) | [Lyndon B. Johnson](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lyndon-B-Johnson) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 486 | 42,825,463 | 61\.1 | | [Barry Goldwater](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Barry-Goldwater) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 52 | 27,146,969 | 38\.5 | | | [1968](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1968) | [Richard Nixon](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Richard-Nixon) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 301 | 31,710,470 | 43\.4 | | [Hubert Humphrey](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hubert-Humphrey) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 191 | 30,898,055 | 42\.7 | | | [George Wallace](https://www.britannica.com/biography/George-C-Wallace) | American Independent | 46 | 9,906,473 | 13\.5 | | | [1972](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1972) | [Richard Nixon](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Richard-Nixon) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 520 | 46,740,323 | 60\.7 | | [George McGovern](https://www.britannica.com/biography/George-McGovern) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 17 | 28,901,598 | 37\.5 | | | [1976](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1976) | [Jimmy Carter](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jimmy-Carter) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 297 | 40,825,839 | 50\.0 | | [Gerald Ford](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gerald-Ford) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 240 | 39,147,770 | 48\.0 | | | [1980](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1980) | [Ronald Reagan](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ronald-Reagan) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 489 | 43,642,639 | 50\.4 | | [Jimmy Carter](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jimmy-Carter) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 49 | 35,480,948 | 41\.0 | | | John B. Anderson | Independent | | 5,719,437 | 6\.6 | | | [1984](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1984) | [Ronald Reagan](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ronald-Reagan) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 525 | 54,455,075 | 58\.8 | | [Walter Mondale](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Walter-Mondale) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 13 | 37,577,185 | 40\.6 | | | [1988](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1988) | [George H.W. Bush](https://www.britannica.com/biography/George-H-W-Bush) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 426 | 48,886,097 | 53\.4 | | [Michael Dukakis](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Michael-Dukakis) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 111 | 41,809,074 | 45\.7 | | | [1992](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1992) | [Bill Clinton](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Bill-Clinton) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 370 | 44,909,889 | 43\.0 | | [George H.W. Bush](https://www.britannica.com/biography/George-H-W-Bush) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 168 | 39,104,545 | 37\.4 | | | [Ross Perot](https://www.britannica.com/money/Ross-Perot) | Independent | | 19,742,267 | 18\.9 | | | [1996](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1996) | [Bill Clinton](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Bill-Clinton) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 379 | 47,402,357 | 49\.2 | | [Bob Dole](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Bob-Dole) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 159 | 39,198,755 | 40\.7 | | | [Ross Perot](https://www.britannica.com/money/Ross-Perot) | Reform | | 8,085,402 | 8\.4 | | | [2000](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-2000) | [George W. Bush](https://www.britannica.com/biography/George-W-Bush) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 271 | 50,455,156 | 47\.9 | | [Al Gore](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Al-Gore) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 266 10 | 50,992,335 | 48\.4 | | | [Ralph Nader](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ralph-Nader) | [Green](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Green-Party-of-the-United-States) | | 2,882,897 | 2\.7 | | | [2004](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-2004) | [George W. Bush](https://www.britannica.com/biography/George-W-Bush) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 286 | 62,040,610 | 50\.7 | | [John Kerry](https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Kerry) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 251 | 59,028,444 | 48\.3 | | | [2008](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-2008) | [Barack Obama](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Barack-Obama) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 365 | 69,498,516 | 52\.9 | | [John McCain](https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-McCain) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 173 | 59,948,323 | 45\.7 | | | [2012](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-Presidential-Election-of-2012) | [Barack Obama](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Barack-Obama) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 332 | 65,915,795 | 51\.1 | | [Mitt Romney](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mitt-Romney) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 206 | 60,933,504 | 47\.2 | | | [2016](https://www.britannica.com/topic/United-States-presidential-election-of-2016) | [Donald Trump](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Donald-Trump) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 304 | 62,984,828 | 46\.1 | | [Hillary Clinton](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hillary-Clinton) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 227 | 65,853,514 | 48\.2 | | | [2020](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-2020) | [Joe Biden](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joe-Biden) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 306 | 81,283,501 | 51\.3 | | [Donald Trump](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Donald-Trump) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 232 | 74,223,975 | 46\.8 | | | [2024](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-2024) | [Donald Trump](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Donald-Trump) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 312 | 77,302,580 | 49\.8 | | [Kamala Harris](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Kamala-Harris) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 226 | 75,017,613 | 48\.3 | | [The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica](https://www.britannica.com/editor/The-Editors-of-Encyclopaedia-Britannica/4419) This article was most recently revised and updated by [J.E. Luebering](https://www.britannica.com/editor/JE-Luebering/6492).

Readable Markdown

The [president](https://www.britannica.com/topic/presidency-of-the-United-States-of-America) and [vice president](https://www.britannica.com/topic/vice-president-of-the-United-States-of-America) of the United States are formally elected through an [electoral college](https://www.britannica.com/topic/electoral-college). Members (“electors”) of this electoral college are chosen through the popular vote in each state, and to be elected president a candidate must receive a majority of the electoral votes. If no candidate receives a majority, the president is elected by the [House of Representatives](https://www.britannica.com/topic/House-of-Representatives-United-States-government), which may choose among the three candidates with the most electoral votes. Click on an election year in the interactive below to learn more about the candidates and political parties and to view electoral and popular vote counts. The table below the interactive also provides the historical election results. This table provides all U.S. presidential election results since 1789. | year | candidate | political party | electoral votes1 | popular votes2 | popular percentage3 | |---|---|---|---|---|---| | 1 In elections from 1789 to 1804, each elector voted for two individuals without indicating which was to be president and which was to be vice president. | | | | | | | 2 In early elections, electors were chosen by legislatures, not by popular vote, in many states. | | | | | | | 3 Candidates winning no electoral votes and less than 2 percent of the popular vote are excluded; percentages may not add up to 100 percent because of rounding. | | | | | | | 4 Washington was unopposed for president in 1789 and 1792. | | | | | | | 5 Because the two houses of the New York legislature could not agree on electors, the state did not cast its electoral votes. North Carolina and Rhode Island had not yet ratified the Constitution. | | | | | | | 6 As both Jefferson and Burr received the same number of electoral votes, the decision was referred to the House of Representatives. The [Twelfth Amendment](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Twelfth-Amendment) (1804) provided that electors cast separate ballots for president and vice president. | | | | | | | 7 As no candidate received a majority of the electoral votes, the decision was made by the House of Representatives. | | | | | | | 8 Greeley died shortly after the election in November. Three electors pledged to Greeley cast their votes for him, but they were not counted; the others cast their votes for the other candidates listed. | | | | | | | 9 Includes a variety of joint tickets with People’s Party electors committed to Bryan. | | | | | | | 10 One Gore elector from Washington, D.C., abstained from casting an electoral vote. | | | | | | | Sources: Electoral and popular vote totals based on data from the Office of the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives; the United States Office of the Federal Register; the Federal Election Commission; *Congressional Quarterly’s Guide to U.S. Elections*, 4th ed. (2001); and the official certified state vote totals. | | | | | | | [1789](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1789) | [George Washington](https://www.britannica.com/biography/George-Washington) 4 | no formally organized parties | 69 5 | | | | [John Adams](https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Adams-president-of-United-States) | | 34 | | | | | [John Jay](https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Jay) | | 9 | | | | | R.H. Harrison | | 6 | | | | | [John Rutledge](https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Rutledge) | | 6 | | | | | [John Hancock](https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Hancock) | | 4 | | | | | [George Clinton](https://www.britannica.com/biography/George-Clinton-vice-president-of-United-States) | | 3 | | | | | [Samuel Huntington](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Samuel-Huntington) | | 2 | | | | | John Milton | | 2 | | | | | James Armstrong | | 1 | | | | | [Benjamin Lincoln](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Benjamin-Lincoln) | | 1 | | | | | Edward Telfair | | 1 | | | | | *not voted* | | 44 | | | | | [1792](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1792) | [George Washington](https://www.britannica.com/biography/George-Washington) 4 | [Federalist](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Federalist-Party) | 132 | | | | [John Adams](https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Adams-president-of-United-States) | [Federalist](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Federalist-Party) | 77 | | | | | [George Clinton](https://www.britannica.com/biography/George-Clinton-vice-president-of-United-States) | [Democratic-Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Republican-Party) | 50 | | | | | [Thomas Jefferson](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Jefferson) | | 4 | | | | | [Aaron Burr](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Aaron-Burr) | | 1 | | | | | [1796](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1796) | [John Adams](https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Adams-president-of-United-States) | [Federalist](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Federalist-Party) | 71 | | | | [Thomas Jefferson](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Jefferson) | [Democratic-Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Republican-Party) | 68 | | | | | [Thomas Pinckney](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Pinckney) | [Federalist](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Federalist-Party) | 59 | | | | | [Aaron Burr](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Aaron-Burr) | [Antifederalist](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Anti-Federalists) | 30 | | | | | [Samuel Adams](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Samuel-Adams) | [Democratic-Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Republican-Party) | 15 | | | | | [Oliver Ellsworth](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Oliver-Ellsworth) | [Federalist](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Federalist-Party) | 11 | | | | | [George Clinton](https://www.britannica.com/biography/George-Clinton-vice-president-of-United-States) | [Democratic-Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Republican-Party) | 7 | | | | | [John Jay](https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Jay) | Independent-Federalist | 5 | | | | | [James Iredell](https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Iredell) | [Federalist](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Federalist-Party) | 3 | | | | | [George Washington](https://www.britannica.com/biography/George-Washington) | [Federalist](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Federalist-Party) | 2 | | | | | John Henry | Independent | 2 | | | | | S. Johnston | Independent-Federalist | 2 | | | | | [Charles Cotesworth Pinckney](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Cotesworth-Pinckney) | Independent-Federalist | 1 | | | | | [1800](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1800) | [Thomas Jefferson](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Jefferson) | [Democratic-Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Republican-Party) | 73 6 | | | | [Aaron Burr](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Aaron-Burr) | [Democratic-Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Republican-Party) | 73 6 | | | | | [John Adams](https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Adams-president-of-United-States) | [Federalist](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Federalist-Party) | 65 | | | | | [Charles Cotesworth Pinckney](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Cotesworth-Pinckney) | [Federalist](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Federalist-Party) | 64 | | | | | [John Jay](https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Jay) | [Federalist](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Federalist-Party) | 1 | | | | | [1804](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1804) | [Thomas Jefferson](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Jefferson) | [Democratic-Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Republican-Party) | 162 | | | | [Charles Cotesworth Pinckney](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Cotesworth-Pinckney) | [Federalist](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Federalist-Party) | 14 | | | | | [1808](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1808) | [James Madison](https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Madison) | [Democratic-Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Republican-Party) | 122 | | | | [Charles Cotesworth Pinckney](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Cotesworth-Pinckney) | [Federalist](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Federalist-Party) | 47 | | | | | [George Clinton](https://www.britannica.com/biography/George-Clinton-vice-president-of-United-States) | Independent-Republican | 6 | | | | | *not voted* | | 1 | | | | | [1812](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1812) | [James Madison](https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Madison) | [Democratic-Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Republican-Party) | 128 | | | | [DeWitt Clinton](https://www.britannica.com/biography/DeWitt-Clinton-American-politician) | Fusion | 89 | | | | | *not voted* | | 1 | | | | | [1816](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1816) | [James Monroe](https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Monroe) | [Democratic-Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Republican-Party) | 183 | | | | [Rufus King](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rufus-King) | [Federalist](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Federalist-Party) | 34 | | | | | *not voted* | | 4 | | | | | [1820](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1820) | [James Monroe](https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Monroe) | [Democratic-Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Republican-Party) | 231 | | | | [John Quincy Adams](https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Quincy-Adams) | Independent-Republican | 1 | | | | | *not voted* | | 3 | | | | | [1824](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1824) | [John Quincy Adams](https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Quincy-Adams) | no distinct party designations | 84 7 | 108,740 | 30\.9 | | [Andrew Jackson](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Andrew-Jackson) | | 99 | 153,544 | 41\.3 | | | [Henry Clay](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Clay) | | 37 | 47,531 | 13\.0 | | | [William H. Crawford](https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-H-Crawford) | | 41 | 40,856 | 11\.2 | | | [1828](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1828) | [Andrew Jackson](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Andrew-Jackson) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 178 | 647,286 | 56\.0 | | [John Quincy Adams](https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Quincy-Adams) | [National Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/National-Republican-Party) | 83 | 508,064 | 43\.6 | | | [1832](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1832) | [Andrew Jackson](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Andrew-Jackson) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 219 | 687,502 | 54\.2 | | [Henry Clay](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Clay) | [National Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/National-Republican-Party) | 49 | 530,189 | 37\.4 | | | William Wirt | Anti-Masonic | 7 | 100,715 | 7\.8 | | | John Floyd | Nullifiers | 11 | | | | | *not voted* | | 2 | | | | | [1836](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1836) | [Martin Van Buren](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Martin-Van-Buren) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 170 | 762,678 | 50\.8 | | [William Henry Harrison](https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-Henry-Harrison) | [Whig](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Whig-Party) | 73 | 550,816 | 36\.6 | | | Hugh L. White | [Whig](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Whig-Party) | 26 | 146,107 | 9\.7 | | | [Daniel Webster](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Daniel-Webster) | [Whig](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Whig-Party) | 14 | 41,201 | 2\.7 | | | W.P. Mangum | Anti-Jackson | 11 | | | | | [1840](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1840) | [William Henry Harrison](https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-Henry-Harrison) | [Whig](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Whig-Party) | 234 | 1,275,016 | 52\.9 | | [Martin Van Buren](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Martin-Van-Buren) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 60 | 1,129,102 | 46\.8 | | | [1844](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1844) | [James K. Polk](https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-K-Polk) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 170 | 1,337,243 | 49\.5 | | [Henry Clay](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Clay) | [Whig](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Whig-Party) | 105 | 1,299,062 | 48\.1 | | | [James Gillespie Birney](https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Gillespie-Birney) | [Liberty](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Liberty-Party) | | 62,103 | 2\.3 | | | [1848](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1848) | [Zachary Taylor](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Zachary-Taylor) | [Whig](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Whig-Party) | 163 | 1,360,099 | 47\.3 | | [Lewis Cass](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lewis-Cass) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 127 | 1,220,544 | 42\.5 | | | [Martin Van Buren](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Martin-Van-Buren) | [Free Soil](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Free-Soil-Party) | | 291,501 | 10\.1 | | | [1852](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1852) | [Franklin Pierce](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Franklin-Pierce) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 254 | 1,601,274 | 50\.8 | | [Winfield Scott](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Winfield-Scott) | [Whig](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Whig-Party) | 42 | 1,386,580 | 43\.9 | | | [John Parker Hale](https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Parker-Hale) | [Free Soil](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Free-Soil-Party) | | 155,210 | 4\.9 | | | [1856](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1856) | [James Buchanan](https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Buchanan-president-of-United-States) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 174 | 1,838,169 | 45\.3 | | [John C. Frémont](https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-C-Fremont) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 114 | 1,341,264 | 33\.1 | | | [Millard Fillmore](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Millard-Fillmore) | American ([Know-Nothing](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Know-Nothing-party)) | 8 | 873,053 | 21\.5 | | | [1860](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1860) | [Abraham Lincoln](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Abraham-Lincoln) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 180 | 1,866,452 | 39\.9 | | [John C. Breckinridge](https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-C-Breckinridge) | Southern Democratic | 72 | 847,953 | 18\.1 | | | [Stephen A. Douglas](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Stephen-A-Douglas) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 12 | 1,380,202 | 29\.5 | | | [John Bell](https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Bell-American-politician) | [Constitutional Union](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Constitutional-Union-Party) | 39 | 590,901 | 12\.6 | | | [1864](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1864) | [Abraham Lincoln](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Abraham-Lincoln) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 212 | 2,213,665 | 55\.0 | | [George B. McClellan](https://www.britannica.com/biography/George-B-McClellan) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 21 | 1,805,237 | 45\.0 | | | *not voted* | | 81 | | | | | [1868](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1868) | [Ulysses S. Grant](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ulysses-S-Grant) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 214 | 3,012,833 | 52\.7 | | [Horatio Seymour](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Horatio-Seymour) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 80 | 2,703,249 | 47\.3 | | | *not voted* | | 23 | | | | | [1872](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1872) | [Ulysses S. Grant](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ulysses-S-Grant) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 286 | 3,597,132 | 55\.6 | | [Horace Greeley](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Horace-Greeley) 8 | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party)/[Liberal Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Liberal-Republican-Party-political-party) | | 2,834,125 | 43\.8 | | | [Thomas A. Hendricks](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-A-Hendricks) | Independent-[Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 42 | | | | | B. Gratz Brown | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 18 | | | | | Charles J. Jenkins | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 2 | | | | | [David Davis](https://www.britannica.com/biography/David-Davis) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 1 | | | | | *not voted* | | 17 | | | | | [1876](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1876) | [Rutherford B. Hayes](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rutherford-B-Hayes) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 185 | 4,036,298 | 48\.0 | | [Samuel J. Tilden](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Samuel-J-Tilden) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 184 | 4,300,590 | 51\.0 | | | [1880](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1880) | [James A. Garfield](https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-A-Garfield) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 214 | 4,454,416 | 48\.3 | | [Winfield Scott Hancock](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Winfield-Scott-Hancock) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 155 | 4,444,952 | 48\.2 | | | [James B. Weaver](https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-B-Weaver) | [Greenback](https://www.britannica.com/event/Greenback-movement) | | 305,997 | 3\.3 | | | [1884](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1884) | [Grover Cleveland](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Grover-Cleveland) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 219 | 4,874,986 | 48\.5 | | [James G. Blaine](https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-G-Blaine) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 182 | 4,851,981 | 48\.3 | | | [1888](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1888) | [Benjamin Harrison](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Benjamin-Harrison-president-of-United-States) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 233 | 5,439,853 | 47\.8 | | [Grover Cleveland](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Grover-Cleveland) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 168 | 5,540,309 | 48\.6 | | | Clinton B. Fisk | [Prohibition](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Prohibition-Party) | | 249,819 | 2\.2 | | | [1892](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1892) | [Grover Cleveland](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Grover-Cleveland) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 277 | 5,556,918 | 46\.1 | | [Benjamin Harrison](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Benjamin-Harrison-president-of-United-States) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 145 | 5,176,108 | 43\.0 | | | [James B. Weaver](https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-B-Weaver) | People’s ([Populist](https://www.britannica.com/event/Populist-Movement)) | 22 | 1,027,329 | 8\.5 | | | [John Bidwell](https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Bidwell) | [Prohibition](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Prohibition-Party) | | 270,770 | 2\.2 | | | [1896](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1896) | [William McKinley](https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-McKinley) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 271 | 7,104,779 | 51\.0 | | [William Jennings Bryan](https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-Jennings-Bryan) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) 9 | 176 | 6,502,925 | 46\.7 | | | [1900](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1900) | [William McKinley](https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-McKinley) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 292 | 7,207,923 | 51\.7 | | [William Jennings Bryan](https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-Jennings-Bryan) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) 9 | 155 | 6,358,133 | 45\.5 | | | [1904](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1904) | [Theodore Roosevelt](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Theodore-Roosevelt) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 336 | 7,623,486 | 56\.4 | | [Alton B. Parker](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alton-B-Parker) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 140 | 5,077,911 | 37\.6 | | | [Eugene V. Debs](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Eugene-V-Debs) | Socialist | | 402,489 | 3\.0 | | | [1908](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1908) | [William Howard Taft](https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-Howard-Taft) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 321 | 7,678,908 | 51\.6 | | [William Jennings Bryan](https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-Jennings-Bryan) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 162 | 6,409,104 | 43\.0 | | | [Eugene V. Debs](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Eugene-V-Debs) | Socialist | | 420,380 | 2\.8 | | | [1912](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1912) | [Woodrow Wilson](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Woodrow-Wilson) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 435 | 6,293,454 | 41\.8 | | [Theodore Roosevelt](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Theodore-Roosevelt) | Progressive ([Bull Moose](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bull-Moose-Party)) | 88 | 4,119,207 | 27\.4 | | | [William Howard Taft](https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-Howard-Taft) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 8 | 3,483,922 | 23\.2 | | | [Eugene V. Debs](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Eugene-V-Debs) | Socialist | | 900,369 | 6\.0 | | | [1916](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1916) | [Woodrow Wilson](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Woodrow-Wilson) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 277 | 9,129,606 | 49\.2 | | [Charles Evans Hughes](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Evans-Hughes) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 254 | 8,538,221 | 46\.1 | | | Allan L. Benson | Socialist | | 589,924 | 3\.2 | | | [1920](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1920) | [Warren G. Harding](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Warren-G-Harding) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 404 | 16,147,249 | 60\.3 | | [James M. Cox](https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-M-Cox) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 127 | 9,140,864 | 34\.1 | | | [Eugene V. Debs](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Eugene-V-Debs) | Socialist | | 897,704 | 3\.4 | | | [1924](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1924) | [Calvin Coolidge](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Calvin-Coolidge) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 382 | 15,725,016 | 54\.1 | | [John W. Davis](https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-W-Davis) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 136 | 8,386,503 | 28\.8 | | | [Robert M. La Follette](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Robert-M-La-Follette) | [Progressive](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Progressive-Party-United-States-1924) | 13 | 4,822,856 | 16\.6 | | | [1928](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1928) | [Herbert Hoover](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Herbert-Hoover) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 444 | 21,392,190 | 58\.0 | | [Al Smith](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Al-Smith) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 87 | 15,016,443 | 40\.7 | | | [1932](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1932) | [Franklin D. Roosevelt](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Franklin-D-Roosevelt) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 472 | 22,821,857 | 57\.3 | | [Herbert Hoover](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Herbert-Hoover) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 59 | 15,761,841 | 39\.6 | | | [Norman Thomas](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Norman-Mattoon-Thomas) | Socialist | | 884,781 | 2\.2 | | | [1936](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1936) | [Franklin D. Roosevelt](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Franklin-D-Roosevelt) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 523 | 27,476,673 | 60\.2 | | [Alf Landon](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alf-Landon) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 8 | 16,679,583 | 36\.5 | | | [1940](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1940) | [Franklin D. Roosevelt](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Franklin-D-Roosevelt) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 449 | 27,243,466 | 54\.7 | | [Wendell Willkie](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Wendell-Willkie) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 82 | 22,304,755 | 44\.8 | | | [1944](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1944) | [Franklin D. Roosevelt](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Franklin-D-Roosevelt) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 432 | 25,602,505 | 53\.3 | | [Thomas E. Dewey](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-E-Dewey) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 99 | 22,006,278 | 45\.8 | | | [1948](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1948) | [Harry S. Truman](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Harry-S-Truman) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 303 | 24,105,695 | 49\.4 | | [Thomas E. Dewey](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-E-Dewey) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 189 | 21,969,170 | 45\.0 | | | [Strom Thurmond](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Strom-Thurmond) | States’ Rights Democratic ([Dixiecrat](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Dixiecrat)) | 39 | 1,169,021 | 2\.4 | | | [Henry A. Wallace](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-A-Wallace) | [Progressive](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Progressive-Party-United-States-1948) | | 1,156,103 | 2\.4 | | | [1952](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1952) | [Dwight D. Eisenhower](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Dwight-D-Eisenhower) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 442 | 33,778,963 | 54\.9 | | [Adlai E. Stevenson](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Adlai-E-Stevenson) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 89 | 27,314,992 | 44\.4 | | | [1956](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1956) | [Dwight D. Eisenhower](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Dwight-D-Eisenhower) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 457 | 35,581,003 | 57\.4 | | [Adlai E. Stevenson](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Adlai-E-Stevenson) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 73 | 25,738,765 | 42\.0 | | | [1960](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1960) | [John F. Kennedy](https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-F-Kennedy) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 303 | 34,227,096 | 49\.7 | | [Richard Nixon](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Richard-Nixon) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 219 | 34,107,646 | 49\.5 | | | [Harry F. Byrd](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Harry-F-Byrd) | not a candidate | 15 | | | | | [1964](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1964) | [Lyndon B. Johnson](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lyndon-B-Johnson) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 486 | 42,825,463 | 61\.1 | | [Barry Goldwater](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Barry-Goldwater) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 52 | 27,146,969 | 38\.5 | | | [1968](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1968) | [Richard Nixon](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Richard-Nixon) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 301 | 31,710,470 | 43\.4 | | [Hubert Humphrey](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hubert-Humphrey) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 191 | 30,898,055 | 42\.7 | | | [George Wallace](https://www.britannica.com/biography/George-C-Wallace) | American Independent | 46 | 9,906,473 | 13\.5 | | | [1972](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1972) | [Richard Nixon](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Richard-Nixon) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 520 | 46,740,323 | 60\.7 | | [George McGovern](https://www.britannica.com/biography/George-McGovern) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 17 | 28,901,598 | 37\.5 | | | [1976](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1976) | [Jimmy Carter](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jimmy-Carter) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 297 | 40,825,839 | 50\.0 | | [Gerald Ford](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gerald-Ford) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 240 | 39,147,770 | 48\.0 | | | [1980](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1980) | [Ronald Reagan](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ronald-Reagan) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 489 | 43,642,639 | 50\.4 | | [Jimmy Carter](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jimmy-Carter) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 49 | 35,480,948 | 41\.0 | | | John B. Anderson | Independent | | 5,719,437 | 6\.6 | | | [1984](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1984) | [Ronald Reagan](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ronald-Reagan) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 525 | 54,455,075 | 58\.8 | | [Walter Mondale](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Walter-Mondale) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 13 | 37,577,185 | 40\.6 | | | [1988](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1988) | [George H.W. Bush](https://www.britannica.com/biography/George-H-W-Bush) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 426 | 48,886,097 | 53\.4 | | [Michael Dukakis](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Michael-Dukakis) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 111 | 41,809,074 | 45\.7 | | | [1992](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1992) | [Bill Clinton](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Bill-Clinton) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 370 | 44,909,889 | 43\.0 | | [George H.W. Bush](https://www.britannica.com/biography/George-H-W-Bush) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 168 | 39,104,545 | 37\.4 | | | [Ross Perot](https://www.britannica.com/money/Ross-Perot) | Independent | | 19,742,267 | 18\.9 | | | [1996](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1996) | [Bill Clinton](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Bill-Clinton) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 379 | 47,402,357 | 49\.2 | | [Bob Dole](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Bob-Dole) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 159 | 39,198,755 | 40\.7 | | | [Ross Perot](https://www.britannica.com/money/Ross-Perot) | Reform | | 8,085,402 | 8\.4 | | | [2000](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-2000) | [George W. Bush](https://www.britannica.com/biography/George-W-Bush) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 271 | 50,455,156 | 47\.9 | | [Al Gore](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Al-Gore) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 266 10 | 50,992,335 | 48\.4 | | | [Ralph Nader](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ralph-Nader) | [Green](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Green-Party-of-the-United-States) | | 2,882,897 | 2\.7 | | | [2004](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-2004) | [George W. Bush](https://www.britannica.com/biography/George-W-Bush) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 286 | 62,040,610 | 50\.7 | | [John Kerry](https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Kerry) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 251 | 59,028,444 | 48\.3 | | | [2008](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-2008) | [Barack Obama](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Barack-Obama) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 365 | 69,498,516 | 52\.9 | | [John McCain](https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-McCain) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 173 | 59,948,323 | 45\.7 | | | [2012](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-Presidential-Election-of-2012) | [Barack Obama](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Barack-Obama) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 332 | 65,915,795 | 51\.1 | | [Mitt Romney](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mitt-Romney) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 206 | 60,933,504 | 47\.2 | | | [2016](https://www.britannica.com/topic/United-States-presidential-election-of-2016) | [Donald Trump](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Donald-Trump) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 304 | 62,984,828 | 46\.1 | | [Hillary Clinton](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hillary-Clinton) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 227 | 65,853,514 | 48\.2 | | | [2020](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-2020) | [Joe Biden](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joe-Biden) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 306 | 81,283,501 | 51\.3 | | [Donald Trump](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Donald-Trump) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 232 | 74,223,975 | 46\.8 | | | [2024](https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-2024) | [Donald Trump](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Donald-Trump) | [Republican](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Republican-Party) | 312 | 77,302,580 | 49\.8 | | [Kamala Harris](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Kamala-Harris) | [Democratic](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Party) | 226 | 75,017,613 | 48\.3 | |

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