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| Filter | Status | Condition | Details |
|---|---|---|---|
| HTTP status | PASS | download_http_code = 200 | HTTP 200 |
| Age cutoff | PASS | download_stamp > now() - 6 MONTH | 1.7 months ago |
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| Property | Value | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| URL | https://www.britannica.com/science/probability-theory/Brownian-motion-process | |||||||||
| Last Crawled | 2026-04-12 21:22:15 (1 month ago) | |||||||||
| First Indexed | 2018-03-02 22:42:41 (8 years ago) | |||||||||
| HTTP Status Code | 200 | |||||||||
| Content | ||||||||||
| Meta Title | Probability theory - Brownian Motion, Process, Randomness | Britannica | |||||||||
| Meta Description | Probability theory - Brownian Motion, Process, Randomness: The most important stochastic process is the Brownian motion or Wiener process. It was first discussed by Louis Bachelier (1900), who was interested in modeling fluctuations in prices in financial markets, and by Albert Einstein (1905), who gave a mathematical model for the irregular motion of colloidal particles first observed by the Scottish botanist Robert Brown in 1827. The first mathematically rigorous treatment of this model was given by Wiener (1923). Einstein’s results led to an early, dramatic confirmation of the molecular theory of matter in the French physicist Jean Perrin’s experiments to determine Avogadro’s number, for which Perrin was | |||||||||
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| Boilerpipe Text | heavy column, fetched on demand | |||||||||
| Markdown | heavy column, fetched on demand | |||||||||
| Readable Markdown | heavy column, fetched on demand | |||||||||
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| Content Metadata | ||||||||||
| Language | en | |||||||||
| Author | David O. Siegmund | |||||||||
| Publish Time | 2026-04-06 00:00:00 (1 month ago) | |||||||||
| Original Publish Time | 2018-03-02 22:42:41 (8 years ago) | |||||||||
| Republished | Yes | |||||||||
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| Word Count (Content) | 3,235 | |||||||||
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| Unparsed URL | com,britannica!www,/science/probability-theory/Brownian-motion-process s443 | |||||||||