🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 22 (from laksa043)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa022.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/analysis-opinion/follow-money-behind-capitol-riot\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/analysis-opinion/follow-money-behind-capitol-riot\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/our-work\/analysis-opinion\/follow-money-behind-capitol-riot","crawl_time":1776328543,"first_indexed_time":1611602424,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"org,brennancenter!www,\/our-work\/analysis-opinion\/follow-money-behind-capitol-riot s443","src_root_hash":"15825364998084589222","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Follow the Money Behind the Capitol Riot | Brennan Center for Justice","meta_descriptions":[],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Donald Trump is the first president to be impeached twice. He currently faces an article of impeachment from the House for \ninciting an insurrection\n and for encouraging rioters who stormed the Capitol on January 6. Two senators who contributed the chaos by raising objections to electoral college votes from key swing states now face \nEthics Committee\n investigations. And some members of Congress stand accused of leading \nreconnaissance tours\n on January 5 for the would-be rioters. But who funded these elected officials and their campaigns?\nLet’s start at the top with President Trump, who egged on a crowd to go to the Capitol and “\nfight\n,” moments before they did just that. During the 2020 election, he was supported by two super PACs, America First Action and Preserve America PAC, according to \nOpen Secrets\n. \nPreserve America PAC\n was primarily bankrolled by the late Sheldon Adelson — perhaps best known as the founder, chairman, and CEO of \nLas Vegas Sands Casino\n — who contributed $90 million.\nMeanwhile, American First Action received significant donations from three related Florida sugar companies: $725,000 from Fanjul Corp (which sells the Florida Crystals brand of sugar), $450,000 from New Hope Sugar Co., and $450,000 from Osceola Farms. \nVital Pharmaceuticals\n, which produces the \nBang\n brand of energy drinks, gave American First Action $250,000 during the 2020 election cycle. Three other Florida agricultural firms — Agro-Industrial Management, Americas Export Corp, and Sem-Chi Rice Products — gave the super PAC $350,000, $350,000, and $250,000, respectively. \nAmerica First Action\n also received a mysterious $1 million donation from “Deuterium Electron LLC,” which seems to have no other online presence. \nDuring the 2018 election cycle, corporate-backed super PACs have also supported Sens. Ted Cruz (R-TX) and Josh Hawley (R-MO), who led objections in the Senate to the 2020 presidential election results. In a video of the insurrection released by the\n New Yorker\n, rioters \ninvoked Cruz\n as wanting “us to do this.” Previously, Cruz was supported by the \nTexans Are super PAC\n. Contributions to this group included $250,000 from TRT Holdings, which owns \nOmni Hotels\n and \nOrigins Behavioral Healthcare\n; $150,000 from \nValero Energy\n; $90,000 from \nJennmar\n, a coal mining supply company; and $50,000 from \nHolly Frontier\n, an oil refiner.\nHawley was infamously pictured giving a power \nsalute\n to the rioters in real time on January 6. In 2018, he was supported by a small super PAC called \nCFG Action Missouri\n, which was bankrolled by Richard Uihlein, son of one of the founders of \nSchlitz beer\n, and who was once labeled by the \nNew York Times\n as one-half of “\nthe most powerful couple you’ve never heard of\n.” Additionally, Hawley was the beneficiary of huge Republican super PACs that supported multiple candidates.\nIn 2018, Hawley was also supported by the Senate Leadership Fund, which spent \n$196,842\n in independent expenditures to support his campaign, and he was the beneficiary of \n$915,743\n in coordinated expenditures from the National Republican Senatorial Committee. And the dark money group \nAmericans for Prosperity\n spent nearly \n$4 million\n on ads attacking Hawley’s opponent, incumbent Claire McCaskill. \nThe Electoral College objectors on the House side were so numerous that they cannot all be listed here. But Rep. Lauren Boebert (R-CO) stands out because she allegedly \ngave a Capitol tour\n to a large group the day before the insurrection. During her first campaign for a federal office, \nBoebert\n was supported by PACs including \nWoodforest\n Financial Group, \nAIMCO\n, and \nUline Inc\n., the latter of which is owned by aforementioned Richard Uihlein.\nI do not mean to imply that any of these donors, corporate or otherwise, knew that the insurrection on the Capitol would occur. After January 6, many corporate PACs are rightly having a \nmoment of reflection\n and are deciding to pull back their corporate donations to the officials who objected to the election results. \nBut there are bigger questions raised by these campaign donations and political expenditures. For example, is this how we want our democracy to work? Do we want big donors to have the megaphone in our politics and to have such a big role in determining who is electable? Is risking money in politics a good use of \nshareholders’ investments\n? Should we allow \ndark money\n to be spent in federal elections at all? The \nFor the People Act\n (H.R. 1\/S.1) may be able to fix some of these problems, especially in terms of providing more transparency when it comes to money in politics. But other pieces of this puzzle — like discouraging corporations from bankrolling political ads in our elections — rely on the behavior of private, wealthy individuals.\nThere is another open question once the \nsecond impeachment\n is resolved. If Donald Trump can still run for another office of public trust, will his corporate backers line up in 2024 to fund his political ambitions again?\nThe views expressed are the author’s own and not necessarily those of the Brennan Center.\nStay up to date\nInformed citizens are democracy’s best defense","attrs_markdown":"[Skip Navigation](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/our-work\/analysis-opinion\/follow-money-behind-capitol-riot#main)\n\n[Home](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/)\n\nMenu\n\n## Main navigation offcanvas\n- [Topics](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/topics \"The Brennan Center works to reform and defend our country’s systems of democracy and justice.\")\n  \n  Show \/ hide\n  - [Voting & Elections](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/topics\/voting-elections)\n  - [Money in Politics](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/topics\/money-politics)\n  - [The Courts](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/topics\/courts)\n  - [Criminal Justice](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/topics\/criminal-justice)\n  - [Government Power](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/topics\/government-power)\n  - [U.S. Constitution](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/topics\/us-constitution)\n  - [See All Topics](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/topics)\n- [Our Work](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/our-work \"The Brennan Center crafts innovative policies and fights for them in Congress and the courts.\")\n  \n  Show \/ hide\n  - [News & Analysis](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/news-analysis \"Critical thinking from Brennan Center experts\")\n  - [Research & Reports](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/our-work\/research-reports)\n  - [Policy Solutions](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/our-work\/policy-solutions)\n  - [Court Cases](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/our-work\/court-cases)\n  - [Explainers](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/our-work\/explainers)\n  - [Podcast](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/podcast)\n  - [See All Our Work](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/our-work)\n- [Experts](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/experts)\n- [Get Involved](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/get-involved \"The Brennan Center works to build an America that is democratic, just, and free. Here’s how you can help.\")\n  \n  Show \/ hide\n  - [Support Our Work](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/get-involved\/support-our-work)\n  - [Get Informed](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/get-involved\/get-informed)\n  - [Attend an Event](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/events \"We host events to educate, inform, and inspire. Join us for Brennan Center Live, our virtual and in-person event series, for fascinating conversations with well-known thinkers on issues like democracy, justice, race, and the Constitution.\")\n  - [Partner With Us](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/get-involved\/partner-us)\n  - [Take Action](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/get-involved\/take-action)\n  - [See All Get Involved](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/get-involved)\n- [About](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/about-us \"The Brennan Center is a nonpartisan law and policy institute, striving to uphold the values of democracy.\")\n  \n  Show \/ hide\n  - [History](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/about\/history)\n  - [Press](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/press)\n  - [Programs](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/about\/programs)\n  - [Careers](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/about\/careers)\n  - [Staff](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/about\/staff)\n  - [Board of Directors](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/about\/board-directors)\n  - [Leadership](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/about\/leadership)\n  - [Financial & Legal Information](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/about\/financial-legal-information)\n  - [Contact Us](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/about\/contact-us)\n  - [Brennan Center & NYU School of Law](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/about\/brennan-center-nyu-school-law)\n  - [See All About](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/about-us)\n\n- [Español](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/es\/node\/8860)\n\nClose modal\n\n## Antes de cambiar...\nEsta página no está disponible en español\n\n¿Le gustaría continuar en la página de inicio de Brennan Center en español?\n\n[Regresar](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/our-work\/analysis-opinion\/follow-money-behind-capitol-riot)\n\nal Brennan Center en inglés\n\n[Continuar](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/es)\n\nal Brennan Center en español\n\n- [Español](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/es\/node\/8860)\n\nClose modal\n\n## Antes de cambiar...\nEsta página no está disponible en español\n\n¿Le gustaría continuar en la página de inicio de Brennan Center en español?\n\n[Regresar](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/our-work\/analysis-opinion\/follow-money-behind-capitol-riot)\n\nal Brennan Center en inglés\n\n[Continuar](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/es)\n\nal Brennan Center en español\n\n[Home](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/)\n\n## Main navigation\n- [Topics](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/topics \"The Brennan Center works to reform and defend our country’s systems of democracy and justice.\")\n  \n  Show \/ hide\n  - [Voting & Elections](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/topics\/voting-elections)\n  - [Money in Politics](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/topics\/money-politics)\n  - [The Courts](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/topics\/courts)\n  - [Criminal Justice](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/topics\/criminal-justice)\n  - [Government Power](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/topics\/government-power)\n  - [U.S. Constitution](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/topics\/us-constitution)\n  - [See All Topics](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/topics)\n- [Our Work](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/our-work \"The Brennan Center crafts innovative policies and fights for them in Congress and the courts.\")\n  \n  Show \/ hide\n  - [News & Analysis](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/news-analysis \"Critical thinking from Brennan Center experts\")\n  - [Research & Reports](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/our-work\/research-reports)\n  - [Policy Solutions](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/our-work\/policy-solutions)\n  - [Court Cases](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/our-work\/court-cases)\n  - [Explainers](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/our-work\/explainers)\n  - [Podcast](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/podcast)\n  - [See All Our Work](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/our-work)\n- [Experts](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/experts)\n- [Get Involved](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/get-involved \"The Brennan Center works to build an America that is democratic, just, and free. Here’s how you can help.\")\n  \n  Show \/ hide\n  - [Support Our Work](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/get-involved\/support-our-work)\n  - [Get Informed](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/get-involved\/get-informed)\n  - [Attend an Event](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/events \"We host events to educate, inform, and inspire. Join us for Brennan Center Live, our virtual and in-person event series, for fascinating conversations with well-known thinkers on issues like democracy, justice, race, and the Constitution.\")\n  - [Partner With Us](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/get-involved\/partner-us)\n  - [Take Action](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/get-involved\/take-action)\n  - [See All Get Involved](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/get-involved)\n- [About](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/about-us \"The Brennan Center is a nonpartisan law and policy institute, striving to uphold the values of democracy.\")\n  \n  Show \/ hide\n  - [History](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/about\/history)\n  - [Press](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/press)\n  - [Programs](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/about\/programs)\n  - [Careers](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/about\/careers)\n  - [Staff](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/about\/staff)\n  - [Board of Directors](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/about\/board-directors)\n  - [Leadership](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/about\/leadership)\n  - [Financial & Legal Information](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/about\/financial-legal-information)\n  - [Contact Us](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/about\/contact-us)\n  - [Brennan Center & NYU School of Law](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/about\/brennan-center-nyu-school-law)\n  - [See All About](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/about-us)\n\nSign up\n\nClose modal\n\nStay up to date\n\n### Informed citizens are our democracy’s best defense.\n\n[Donate](https:\/\/secure.brennancenter.org\/secure\/donate-brennan-center-justice)\n\n- [Home](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/)\n- [Our Work](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/our-work)\n- [Analysis & Opinion](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/our-work\/analysis-opinion)\n- Follow the Money Behind the Capitol Riot\n\n![Follow the Money Behind the Capitol Riot]()\n\nMykola Sosiukin\/EyeEm\n\nFellows\n\n# Follow the Money Behind the Capitol Riot\nSuper PACs contributed to the officials who objected to certifying the 2020 election results, writes Brennan Center Fellow Ciara Torres-Spelliscy.\n\n- [![Ciara Torres Spelliscy](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/author\/public\/2019-12\/Torres-Spelliscy_Ciara_Bio_27x2SL_440x440.jpg?itok=L7WaF-wS) Ciara Torres-Spelliscy](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/bio\/ciara-torres-spelliscy)\n\nJanuary 25, 2021\n\n[Money in Politics](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/topics\/money-politics)\n\nShare\n\n- Facebook\n- LinkedIn\n- Bluesky\n- x\n\nClose\n\n![Follow the Money Behind the Capitol Riot]()\n\nMykola Sosiukin\/EyeEm\n\nJanuary 25, 2021\n\n[Money in Politics](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/topics\/money-politics)\n\nShare\n\n- Facebook\n- LinkedIn\n- Bluesky\n- x\n\nClose\n\nDonald Trump is the first president to be impeached twice. He currently faces an article of impeachment from the House for [inciting an insurrection](https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/trump-impeachment-effort-live-updates\/2021\/01\/11\/955631105\/impeachment-resolution-cites-trumps-incitement-of-capitol-insurrection) and for encouraging rioters who stormed the Capitol on January 6. Two senators who contributed the chaos by raising objections to electoral college votes from key swing states now face [Ethics Committee](https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2021\/01\/22\/959499144\/senate-democrats-file-ethics-complaint-against-cruz-hawley-after-capitol-riot) investigations. And some members of Congress stand accused of leading [reconnaissance tours](https:\/\/www.rollcall.com\/2021\/01\/13\/34-house-democrats-call-for-investigation-into-jan-5-tours-by-fellow-members-ahead-of-attack\/) on January 5 for the would-be rioters. But who funded these elected officials and their campaigns?\n\nLet’s start at the top with President Trump, who egged on a crowd to go to the Capitol and “[fight](https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/politics\/interactive\/2021\/annotated-trump-speech-jan-6-capitol\/),” moments before they did just that. During the 2020 election, he was supported by two super PACs, America First Action and Preserve America PAC, according to [Open Secrets](https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/news\/2020\/10\/super-pacs-hammer-trump\/). [Preserve America PAC](https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/outsidespending\/contrib.php?cmte=C00756882&cycle=2020) was primarily bankrolled by the late Sheldon Adelson — perhaps best known as the founder, chairman, and CEO of [Las Vegas Sands Casino](https:\/\/www.sands.com\/) — who contributed \\$90 million.\n\nMeanwhile, American First Action received significant donations from three related Florida sugar companies: \\$725,000 from Fanjul Corp (which sells the Florida Crystals brand of sugar), \\$450,000 from New Hope Sugar Co., and \\$450,000 from Osceola Farms. [Vital Pharmaceuticals](https:\/\/www.dnb.com\/business-directory\/company-profiles.vital_pharmaceuticals_inc.e8beef320ced4ac533707705b25a8f39.html), which produces the [Bang](https:\/\/www.vitaminshoppe.com\/b\/vpx-vital-pharmaceuticals\/N-9cv) brand of energy drinks, gave American First Action \\$250,000 during the 2020 election cycle. Three other Florida agricultural firms — Agro-Industrial Management, Americas Export Corp, and Sem-Chi Rice Products — gave the super PAC \\$350,000, \\$350,000, and \\$250,000, respectively. [America First Action](https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/outsidespending\/contrib.php?cmte=C00637512&cycle=2020) also received a mysterious \\$1 million donation from “Deuterium Electron LLC,” which seems to have no other online presence.\n\nDuring the 2018 election cycle, corporate-backed super PACs have also supported Sens. Ted Cruz (R-TX) and Josh Hawley (R-MO), who led objections in the Senate to the 2020 presidential election results. In a video of the insurrection released by the *New Yorker*, rioters [invoked Cruz](https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/nation\/2021\/01\/18\/new-yorker-video-us-capitol-rioters-luke-mogelson\/4198301001\/) as wanting “us to do this.” Previously, Cruz was supported by the [Texans Are super PAC](https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/outsidespending\/contrib.php?cmte=C00654301&cycle=2018). Contributions to this group included \\$250,000 from TRT Holdings, which owns [Omni Hotels](https:\/\/www.dnb.com\/business-directory\/company-profiles.trt_holdings_inc.74185cf71e50eb18e8268f1eda040e0a.html) and [Origins Behavioral Healthcare](https:\/\/www.originsrecovery.com\/origins-behavioral-healthcare-acquired-trt-holdings-inc\/); \\$150,000 from [Valero Energy](https:\/\/www.valero.com\/); \\$90,000 from [Jennmar](https:\/\/www.post-gazette.com\/business\/powersource\/2014\/12\/09\/Contributions-to-Congress-show-concern-for-coal-mining-at-all-stages\/stories\/201412090002), a coal mining supply company; and \\$50,000 from [Holly Frontier](https:\/\/hollyfrontier.com\/home\/default.aspx), an oil refiner.\n\nHawley was infamously pictured giving a power [salute](https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/politics\/congress\/sen-josh-hawley-becomes-public-enemy-no-1-capitol-hill-n1253470) to the rioters in real time on January 6. In 2018, he was supported by a small super PAC called [CFG Action Missouri](https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/political-action-committees-pacs\/C00654327\/independent-expenditures\/2018), which was bankrolled by Richard Uihlein, son of one of the founders of [Schlitz beer](http:\/\/schlitzbrewing.com\/), and who was once labeled by the *New York Times* as one-half of “[the most powerful couple you’ve never heard of](https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/06\/07\/us\/politics\/liz-dick-uihlein-republican-donors.html).” Additionally, Hawley was the beneficiary of huge Republican super PACs that supported multiple candidates.\n\nIn 2018, Hawley was also supported by the Senate Leadership Fund, which spent [\\$196,842](https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/political-action-committees-pacs\/C00571703\/independent-expenditures\/2018) in independent expenditures to support his campaign, and he was the beneficiary of [\\$915,743](https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/parties\/indexp.php?cmte=NRSC&cycle=2018) in coordinated expenditures from the National Republican Senatorial Committee. And the dark money group [Americans for Prosperity](https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/political-action-committees-pacs\/americans-for-prosperity\/C90013285\/donors\/2018) spent nearly [\\$4 million](https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/political-action-committees-pacs\/C90013285\/independent-expenditures\/2018) on ads attacking Hawley’s opponent, incumbent Claire McCaskill.\n\nThe Electoral College objectors on the House side were so numerous that they cannot all be listed here. But Rep. Lauren Boebert (R-CO) stands out because she allegedly [gave a Capitol tour](https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/nation\/2021\/01\/19\/lauren-boebert-tour-capitol-riots\/) to a large group the day before the insurrection. During her first campaign for a federal office, [Boebert](https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/races\/contributors?cycle=2020&id=CO03&spec=N) was supported by PACs including [Woodforest](https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/orgs\/summary?id=D000067658) Financial Group, [AIMCO](https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/orgs\/summary?id=D000031356), and [Uline Inc](https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/orgs\/summary?id=D000030599)., the latter of which is owned by aforementioned Richard Uihlein.\n\nI do not mean to imply that any of these donors, corporate or otherwise, knew that the insurrection on the Capitol would occur. After January 6, many corporate PACs are rightly having a [moment of reflection](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/our-work\/analysis-opinion\/how-capitol-riot-affecting-corporate-political-spending) and are deciding to pull back their corporate donations to the officials who objected to the election results.\n\nBut there are bigger questions raised by these campaign donations and political expenditures. For example, is this how we want our democracy to work? Do we want big donors to have the megaphone in our politics and to have such a big role in determining who is electable? Is risking money in politics a good use of [shareholders’ investments](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2019-08\/Report_Corporate-Campaign-Spending-Giving-Shareholders-Voice.pdf?inline=1)? Should we allow [dark money](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/our-work\/analysis-opinion\/dark-money-2020-election) to be spent in federal elections at all? The [For the People Act](https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/117th-congress\/house-bill\/1) (H.R. 1\/S.1) may be able to fix some of these problems, especially in terms of providing more transparency when it comes to money in politics. But other pieces of this puzzle — like discouraging corporations from bankrolling political ads in our elections — rely on the behavior of private, wealthy individuals.\n\nThere is another open question once the [second impeachment](https:\/\/www.politico.com\/news\/2021\/01\/19\/trump-impeachment-things-to-watch-460220) is resolved. If Donald Trump can still run for another office of public trust, will his corporate backers line up in 2024 to fund his political ambitions again?\n\n*The views expressed are the author’s own and not necessarily those of the Brennan Center.*\n\n## Find more about:\n- [Money in Politics](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/topics\/money-politics)\n  \n  - [Influence of Big Money](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/topics\/money-politics\/influence-big-money)\n\n- [Image ![Black and white American flag image with sun shining through stars](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/related_analysis_400x200_small_1x\/public\/2026-03\/corruptiondemocracygaryhershorn-getty.jpg?h=95c29683&itok=8L5cCys7)](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/our-work\/analysis-opinion\/how-corruption-affects-democracy)\n  \n  Analysis\n  \n  ### [How Corruption Affects Democracy](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/our-work\/analysis-opinion\/how-corruption-affects-democracy)\n  When elected officials are corrupt, citizens participate less in the democratic process and lose faith in government.\n  \n  [Lisa J. Danetz](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/bio\/lisa-j-danetz) ,   [Alex Brunet](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/about\/staff\/alex-brunet)\n  \n  March 31, 2026\n- [Image ![President Trump shaking hands with someone off-camera](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/related_analysis_400x200_small_1x\/public\/2026-03\/trumpshakinghands.jpg?h=95c29683&itok=UAsxeCSj)](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/our-work\/research-reports\/how-weak-federal-ethics-laws-enable-presidential-profiteering)\n  \n  Explainer\n  \n  ### [How Weak Federal Ethics Laws Enable Presidential Profiteering](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/our-work\/research-reports\/how-weak-federal-ethics-laws-enable-presidential-profiteering)\n  Lackluster laws and barriers to enforcement clear many paths for the wealthy to get money to the president.\n  \n  [Owen Bacskai](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/about\/staff\/owen-bacskai) ,   [Daniel I. Weiner](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/about\/leadership\/daniel-i-weiner)\n  \n  March 16, 2026\n\n- ### Analysis\n  #### [Virginia Lawmakers Should Pass *Citizens United* Trigger Law](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/our-work\/analysis-opinion\/virginia-lawmakers-should-pass-citizens-united-trigger-law)\n  February 27, 2026\n  \n  Eric Petry ,   Jay Swanson\n- ### Analysis\n  #### [Fixes for America's Corruption Problem](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/our-work\/analysis-opinion\/fixes-americas-corruption-problem)\n  January 20, 2026\n  \n  Michael Waldman\n- ### Analysis\n  #### [Odd-Year Elections Break Spending Records](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/our-work\/analysis-opinion\/odd-year-elections-break-spending-records)\n  December 1, 2025\n  \n  Ian Vandewalker\n- ### Analysis\n  #### [A New Era of Crony Capitalism](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/our-work\/analysis-opinion\/new-era-crony-capitalism)\n  November 18, 2025\n  \n  Michael Waldman\n- ### Analysis\n  #### [State Legislatures Can Push Back Against *Citizens United*](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/our-work\/analysis-opinion\/state-legislatures-can-push-back-against-citizens-united)\n  November 13, 2025\n  \n  Jay Swanson ,   Eric Petry\n\n[More News & Analysis](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/news-analysis?langcode=en)\n\nStay up to date\n\n### Informed citizens are democracy’s best defense\n\n[![Brennan Center for Justice](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/themes\/custom\/bcj\/assets\/images\/brennan-center-for-justice-white-red-bar.svg) ![NYU Law Logo](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/themes\/custom\/bcj\/assets\/images\/nyu-law-white.svg)](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/)\n\n## Main navigation\n- [Topics](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/topics \"The Brennan Center works to reform and defend our country’s systems of democracy and justice.\")\n- [Our Work](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/our-work \"The Brennan Center crafts innovative policies and fights for them in Congress and the courts.\")\n- [Experts](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/experts)\n- [Get Involved](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/get-involved \"The Brennan Center works to build an America that is democratic, just, and free. Here’s how you can help.\")\n- [About](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/about-us \"The Brennan Center is a nonpartisan law and policy institute, striving to uphold the values of democracy.\")\n\n## Footer\n- [Carreras](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/about\/careers)\n- [Donate](https:\/\/secure.brennancenter.org\/secure\/donate-brennan-center-justice)\n- [Staff](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/about\/staff)\n- [Subscribe](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/get-involved\/get-informed)\n\n**New York Office**  \n 120 Broadway Suite 1750  \n New York, NY 10271\n\n**Washington DC Office**  \n 777 6th St. NW  \n Suite 1100  \n Washington, DC 20001\n\nBrennan Center for Justice at New York University School of Law\n\n© 2026 Brennan Center for Justice at NYU Law\n\n[Privacy Policy](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/privacy-policy)\n\n[Accessibility](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/accessibility)\n\n## Institutional Menu Footer\n- [BlueSky](https:\/\/bsky.app\/profile\/brennancenter.org)\n- [Facebook](https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/BrennanCenter)\n- [Instagram](https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/brennancenter)\n- [LinkedIn](https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/brennan-center-for-justice\/)\n- [Tiktok](https:\/\/www.tiktok.com\/@brennancenter)\n- [YouTube](https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/TheBrennanCenter)","attrs_readable_markdown":"Donald Trump is the first president to be impeached twice. He currently faces an article of impeachment from the House for [inciting an insurrection](https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/trump-impeachment-effort-live-updates\/2021\/01\/11\/955631105\/impeachment-resolution-cites-trumps-incitement-of-capitol-insurrection) and for encouraging rioters who stormed the Capitol on January 6. Two senators who contributed the chaos by raising objections to electoral college votes from key swing states now face [Ethics Committee](https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2021\/01\/22\/959499144\/senate-democrats-file-ethics-complaint-against-cruz-hawley-after-capitol-riot) investigations. And some members of Congress stand accused of leading [reconnaissance tours](https:\/\/www.rollcall.com\/2021\/01\/13\/34-house-democrats-call-for-investigation-into-jan-5-tours-by-fellow-members-ahead-of-attack\/) on January 5 for the would-be rioters. But who funded these elected officials and their campaigns?\n\nLet’s start at the top with President Trump, who egged on a crowd to go to the Capitol and “[fight](https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/politics\/interactive\/2021\/annotated-trump-speech-jan-6-capitol\/),” moments before they did just that. During the 2020 election, he was supported by two super PACs, America First Action and Preserve America PAC, according to [Open Secrets](https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/news\/2020\/10\/super-pacs-hammer-trump\/). [Preserve America PAC](https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/outsidespending\/contrib.php?cmte=C00756882&cycle=2020) was primarily bankrolled by the late Sheldon Adelson — perhaps best known as the founder, chairman, and CEO of [Las Vegas Sands Casino](https:\/\/www.sands.com\/) — who contributed \\$90 million.\n\nMeanwhile, American First Action received significant donations from three related Florida sugar companies: \\$725,000 from Fanjul Corp (which sells the Florida Crystals brand of sugar), \\$450,000 from New Hope Sugar Co., and \\$450,000 from Osceola Farms. [Vital Pharmaceuticals](https:\/\/www.dnb.com\/business-directory\/company-profiles.vital_pharmaceuticals_inc.e8beef320ced4ac533707705b25a8f39.html), which produces the [Bang](https:\/\/www.vitaminshoppe.com\/b\/vpx-vital-pharmaceuticals\/N-9cv) brand of energy drinks, gave American First Action \\$250,000 during the 2020 election cycle. Three other Florida agricultural firms — Agro-Industrial Management, Americas Export Corp, and Sem-Chi Rice Products — gave the super PAC \\$350,000, \\$350,000, and \\$250,000, respectively. [America First Action](https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/outsidespending\/contrib.php?cmte=C00637512&cycle=2020) also received a mysterious \\$1 million donation from “Deuterium Electron LLC,” which seems to have no other online presence.\n\nDuring the 2018 election cycle, corporate-backed super PACs have also supported Sens. Ted Cruz (R-TX) and Josh Hawley (R-MO), who led objections in the Senate to the 2020 presidential election results. In a video of the insurrection released by the *New Yorker*, rioters [invoked Cruz](https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/nation\/2021\/01\/18\/new-yorker-video-us-capitol-rioters-luke-mogelson\/4198301001\/) as wanting “us to do this.” Previously, Cruz was supported by the [Texans Are super PAC](https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/outsidespending\/contrib.php?cmte=C00654301&cycle=2018). Contributions to this group included \\$250,000 from TRT Holdings, which owns [Omni Hotels](https:\/\/www.dnb.com\/business-directory\/company-profiles.trt_holdings_inc.74185cf71e50eb18e8268f1eda040e0a.html) and [Origins Behavioral Healthcare](https:\/\/www.originsrecovery.com\/origins-behavioral-healthcare-acquired-trt-holdings-inc\/); \\$150,000 from [Valero Energy](https:\/\/www.valero.com\/); \\$90,000 from [Jennmar](https:\/\/www.post-gazette.com\/business\/powersource\/2014\/12\/09\/Contributions-to-Congress-show-concern-for-coal-mining-at-all-stages\/stories\/201412090002), a coal mining supply company; and \\$50,000 from [Holly Frontier](https:\/\/hollyfrontier.com\/home\/default.aspx), an oil refiner.\n\nHawley was infamously pictured giving a power [salute](https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/politics\/congress\/sen-josh-hawley-becomes-public-enemy-no-1-capitol-hill-n1253470) to the rioters in real time on January 6. In 2018, he was supported by a small super PAC called [CFG Action Missouri](https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/political-action-committees-pacs\/C00654327\/independent-expenditures\/2018), which was bankrolled by Richard Uihlein, son of one of the founders of [Schlitz beer](http:\/\/schlitzbrewing.com\/), and who was once labeled by the *New York Times* as one-half of “[the most powerful couple you’ve never heard of](https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/06\/07\/us\/politics\/liz-dick-uihlein-republican-donors.html).” Additionally, Hawley was the beneficiary of huge Republican super PACs that supported multiple candidates.\n\nIn 2018, Hawley was also supported by the Senate Leadership Fund, which spent [\\$196,842](https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/political-action-committees-pacs\/C00571703\/independent-expenditures\/2018) in independent expenditures to support his campaign, and he was the beneficiary of [\\$915,743](https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/parties\/indexp.php?cmte=NRSC&cycle=2018) in coordinated expenditures from the National Republican Senatorial Committee. And the dark money group [Americans for Prosperity](https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/political-action-committees-pacs\/americans-for-prosperity\/C90013285\/donors\/2018) spent nearly [\\$4 million](https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/political-action-committees-pacs\/C90013285\/independent-expenditures\/2018) on ads attacking Hawley’s opponent, incumbent Claire McCaskill.\n\nThe Electoral College objectors on the House side were so numerous that they cannot all be listed here. But Rep. Lauren Boebert (R-CO) stands out because she allegedly [gave a Capitol tour](https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/nation\/2021\/01\/19\/lauren-boebert-tour-capitol-riots\/) to a large group the day before the insurrection. During her first campaign for a federal office, [Boebert](https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/races\/contributors?cycle=2020&id=CO03&spec=N) was supported by PACs including [Woodforest](https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/orgs\/summary?id=D000067658) Financial Group, [AIMCO](https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/orgs\/summary?id=D000031356), and [Uline Inc](https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/orgs\/summary?id=D000030599)., the latter of which is owned by aforementioned Richard Uihlein.\n\nI do not mean to imply that any of these donors, corporate or otherwise, knew that the insurrection on the Capitol would occur. After January 6, many corporate PACs are rightly having a [moment of reflection](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/our-work\/analysis-opinion\/how-capitol-riot-affecting-corporate-political-spending) and are deciding to pull back their corporate donations to the officials who objected to the election results.\n\nBut there are bigger questions raised by these campaign donations and political expenditures. For example, is this how we want our democracy to work? Do we want big donors to have the megaphone in our politics and to have such a big role in determining who is electable? Is risking money in politics a good use of [shareholders’ investments](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2019-08\/Report_Corporate-Campaign-Spending-Giving-Shareholders-Voice.pdf?inline=1)? Should we allow [dark money](https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/our-work\/analysis-opinion\/dark-money-2020-election) to be spent in federal elections at all? The [For the People Act](https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/117th-congress\/house-bill\/1) (H.R. 1\/S.1) may be able to fix some of these problems, especially in terms of providing more transparency when it comes to money in politics. But other pieces of this puzzle — like discouraging corporations from bankrolling political ads in our elections — rely on the behavior of private, wealthy individuals.\n\nThere is another open question once the [second impeachment](https:\/\/www.politico.com\/news\/2021\/01\/19\/trump-impeachment-things-to-watch-460220) is resolved. If Donald Trump can still run for another office of public trust, will his corporate backers line up in 2024 to fund his political ambitions again?\n\n*The views expressed are the author’s own and not necessarily those of the Brennan Center.*\n\nStay up to date\n\nInformed citizens are democracy’s best defense","meta_canonical":null}

3. Robots.txt Check

Query:

Response:

4. Spam/Ban Check

Query:

Response:

5. Seen Status Check

ℹ️ Skipped - page is already crawled

📄

INDEXABLE

✅

CRAWLED

3 days ago

🤖

ROBOTS ALLOWED

Page Info Filters

Filter	Status	Condition	Details
HTTP status	PASS	`download_http_code = 200`	HTTP 200
Age cutoff	PASS	`download_stamp > now() - 6 MONTH`	0.1 months ago
History drop	PASS	`isNull(history_drop_reason)`	No drop reason
Spam/ban	PASS	`fh_dont_index != 1 AND ml_spam_score = 0`	ml_spam_score=0
Canonical	PASS	`meta_canonical IS NULL OR = '' OR = src_unparsed`	Not set

Page Details

Property	Value
URL	https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/analysis-opinion/follow-money-behind-capitol-riot
Last Crawled	2026-04-16 08:35:43 (3 days ago)
First Indexed	2021-01-25 19:20:24 (5 years ago)
HTTP Status Code	200
Meta Title	Follow the Money Behind the Capitol Riot \| Brennan Center for Justice
Meta Description	null
Meta Canonical	null
Boilerpipe Text	Donald Trump is the first president to be impeached twice. He currently faces an article of impeachment from the House for inciting an insurrection and for encouraging rioters who stormed the Capitol on January 6. Two senators who contributed the chaos by raising objections to electoral college votes from key swing states now face Ethics Committee investigations. And some members of Congress stand accused of leading reconnaissance tours on January 5 for the would-be rioters. But who funded these elected officials and their campaigns? Let’s start at the top with President Trump, who egged on a crowd to go to the Capitol and “ fight ,” moments before they did just that. During the 2020 election, he was supported by two super PACs, America First Action and Preserve America PAC, according to Open Secrets . Preserve America PAC was primarily bankrolled by the late Sheldon Adelson — perhaps best known as the founder, chairman, and CEO of Las Vegas Sands Casino — who contributed $90 million. Meanwhile, American First Action received significant donations from three related Florida sugar companies: $725,000 from Fanjul Corp (which sells the Florida Crystals brand of sugar), $450,000 from New Hope Sugar Co., and $450,000 from Osceola Farms. Vital Pharmaceuticals , which produces the Bang brand of energy drinks, gave American First Action $250,000 during the 2020 election cycle. Three other Florida agricultural firms — Agro-Industrial Management, Americas Export Corp, and Sem-Chi Rice Products — gave the super PAC $350,000, $350,000, and $250,000, respectively. America First Action also received a mysterious $1 million donation from “Deuterium Electron LLC,” which seems to have no other online presence. During the 2018 election cycle, corporate-backed super PACs have also supported Sens. Ted Cruz (R-TX) and Josh Hawley (R-MO), who led objections in the Senate to the 2020 presidential election results. In a video of the insurrection released by the New Yorker , rioters invoked Cruz as wanting “us to do this.” Previously, Cruz was supported by the Texans Are super PAC . Contributions to this group included $250,000 from TRT Holdings, which owns Omni Hotels and Origins Behavioral Healthcare ; $150,000 from Valero Energy ; $90,000 from Jennmar , a coal mining supply company; and $50,000 from Holly Frontier , an oil refiner. Hawley was infamously pictured giving a power salute to the rioters in real time on January 6. In 2018, he was supported by a small super PAC called CFG Action Missouri , which was bankrolled by Richard Uihlein, son of one of the founders of Schlitz beer , and who was once labeled by the New York Times as one-half of “ the most powerful couple you’ve never heard of .” Additionally, Hawley was the beneficiary of huge Republican super PACs that supported multiple candidates. In 2018, Hawley was also supported by the Senate Leadership Fund, which spent $196,842 in independent expenditures to support his campaign, and he was the beneficiary of $915,743 in coordinated expenditures from the National Republican Senatorial Committee. And the dark money group Americans for Prosperity spent nearly $4 million on ads attacking Hawley’s opponent, incumbent Claire McCaskill. The Electoral College objectors on the House side were so numerous that they cannot all be listed here. But Rep. Lauren Boebert (R-CO) stands out because she allegedly gave a Capitol tour to a large group the day before the insurrection. During her first campaign for a federal office, Boebert was supported by PACs including Woodforest Financial Group, AIMCO , and Uline Inc ., the latter of which is owned by aforementioned Richard Uihlein. I do not mean to imply that any of these donors, corporate or otherwise, knew that the insurrection on the Capitol would occur. After January 6, many corporate PACs are rightly having a moment of reflection and are deciding to pull back their corporate donations to the officials who objected to the election results. But there are bigger questions raised by these campaign donations and political expenditures. For example, is this how we want our democracy to work? Do we want big donors to have the megaphone in our politics and to have such a big role in determining who is electable? Is risking money in politics a good use of shareholders’ investments ? Should we allow dark money to be spent in federal elections at all? The For the People Act (H.R. 1/S.1) may be able to fix some of these problems, especially in terms of providing more transparency when it comes to money in politics. But other pieces of this puzzle — like discouraging corporations from bankrolling political ads in our elections — rely on the behavior of private, wealthy individuals. There is another open question once the second impeachment is resolved. If Donald Trump can still run for another office of public trust, will his corporate backers line up in 2024 to fund his political ambitions again? The views expressed are the author’s own and not necessarily those of the Brennan Center. Stay up to date Informed citizens are democracy’s best defense
Markdown	[Skip Navigation](https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/analysis-opinion/follow-money-behind-capitol-riot#main) [Home](https://www.brennancenter.org/) Menu ## Main navigation offcanvas - [Topics](https://www.brennancenter.org/topics "The Brennan Center works to reform and defend our country’s systems of democracy and justice.") Show / hide - [Voting & Elections](https://www.brennancenter.org/topics/voting-elections) - [Money in Politics](https://www.brennancenter.org/topics/money-politics) - [The Courts](https://www.brennancenter.org/topics/courts) - [Criminal Justice](https://www.brennancenter.org/topics/criminal-justice) - [Government Power](https://www.brennancenter.org/topics/government-power) - [U.S. Constitution](https://www.brennancenter.org/topics/us-constitution) - [See All Topics](https://www.brennancenter.org/topics) - [Our Work](https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work "The Brennan Center crafts innovative policies and fights for them in Congress and the courts.") Show / hide - [News & Analysis](https://www.brennancenter.org/news-analysis "Critical thinking from Brennan Center experts") - [Research & Reports](https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/research-reports) - [Policy Solutions](https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/policy-solutions) - [Court Cases](https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/court-cases) - [Explainers](https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/explainers) - [Podcast](https://www.brennancenter.org/podcast) - [See All Our Work](https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work) - [Experts](https://www.brennancenter.org/experts) - [Get Involved](https://www.brennancenter.org/get-involved "The Brennan Center works to build an America that is democratic, just, and free. Here’s how you can help.") Show / hide - [Support Our Work](https://www.brennancenter.org/get-involved/support-our-work) - [Get Informed](https://www.brennancenter.org/get-involved/get-informed) - [Attend an Event](https://www.brennancenter.org/events "We host events to educate, inform, and inspire. Join us for Brennan Center Live, our virtual and in-person event series, for fascinating conversations with well-known thinkers on issues like democracy, justice, race, and the Constitution.") - [Partner With Us](https://www.brennancenter.org/get-involved/partner-us) - [Take Action](https://www.brennancenter.org/get-involved/take-action) - [See All Get Involved](https://www.brennancenter.org/get-involved) - [About](https://www.brennancenter.org/about-us "The Brennan Center is a nonpartisan law and policy institute, striving to uphold the values of democracy.") Show / hide - [History](https://www.brennancenter.org/about/history) - [Press](https://www.brennancenter.org/press) - [Programs](https://www.brennancenter.org/about/programs) - [Careers](https://www.brennancenter.org/about/careers) - [Staff](https://www.brennancenter.org/about/staff) - [Board of Directors](https://www.brennancenter.org/about/board-directors) - [Leadership](https://www.brennancenter.org/about/leadership) - [Financial & Legal Information](https://www.brennancenter.org/about/financial-legal-information) - [Contact Us](https://www.brennancenter.org/about/contact-us) - [Brennan Center & NYU School of Law](https://www.brennancenter.org/about/brennan-center-nyu-school-law) - [See All About](https://www.brennancenter.org/about-us) - [Español](https://www.brennancenter.org/es/node/8860) Close modal ## Antes de cambiar... Esta página no está disponible en español ¿Le gustaría continuar en la página de inicio de Brennan Center en español? [Regresar](https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/analysis-opinion/follow-money-behind-capitol-riot) al Brennan Center en inglés [Continuar](https://www.brennancenter.org/es) al Brennan Center en español - [Español](https://www.brennancenter.org/es/node/8860) Close modal ## Antes de cambiar... Esta página no está disponible en español ¿Le gustaría continuar en la página de inicio de Brennan Center en español? [Regresar](https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/analysis-opinion/follow-money-behind-capitol-riot) al Brennan Center en inglés [Continuar](https://www.brennancenter.org/es) al Brennan Center en español [Home](https://www.brennancenter.org/) ## Main navigation - [Topics](https://www.brennancenter.org/topics "The Brennan Center works to reform and defend our country’s systems of democracy and justice.") Show / hide - [Voting & Elections](https://www.brennancenter.org/topics/voting-elections) - [Money in Politics](https://www.brennancenter.org/topics/money-politics) - [The Courts](https://www.brennancenter.org/topics/courts) - [Criminal Justice](https://www.brennancenter.org/topics/criminal-justice) - [Government Power](https://www.brennancenter.org/topics/government-power) - [U.S. Constitution](https://www.brennancenter.org/topics/us-constitution) - [See All Topics](https://www.brennancenter.org/topics) - [Our Work](https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work "The Brennan Center crafts innovative policies and fights for them in Congress and the courts.") Show / hide - [News & Analysis](https://www.brennancenter.org/news-analysis "Critical thinking from Brennan Center experts") - [Research & Reports](https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/research-reports) - [Policy Solutions](https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/policy-solutions) - [Court Cases](https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/court-cases) - [Explainers](https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/explainers) - [Podcast](https://www.brennancenter.org/podcast) - [See All Our Work](https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work) - [Experts](https://www.brennancenter.org/experts) - [Get Involved](https://www.brennancenter.org/get-involved "The Brennan Center works to build an America that is democratic, just, and free. Here’s how you can help.") Show / hide - [Support Our Work](https://www.brennancenter.org/get-involved/support-our-work) - [Get Informed](https://www.brennancenter.org/get-involved/get-informed) - [Attend an Event](https://www.brennancenter.org/events "We host events to educate, inform, and inspire. Join us for Brennan Center Live, our virtual and in-person event series, for fascinating conversations with well-known thinkers on issues like democracy, justice, race, and the Constitution.") - [Partner With Us](https://www.brennancenter.org/get-involved/partner-us) - [Take Action](https://www.brennancenter.org/get-involved/take-action) - [See All Get Involved](https://www.brennancenter.org/get-involved) - [About](https://www.brennancenter.org/about-us "The Brennan Center is a nonpartisan law and policy institute, striving to uphold the values of democracy.") Show / hide - [History](https://www.brennancenter.org/about/history) - [Press](https://www.brennancenter.org/press) - [Programs](https://www.brennancenter.org/about/programs) - [Careers](https://www.brennancenter.org/about/careers) - [Staff](https://www.brennancenter.org/about/staff) - [Board of Directors](https://www.brennancenter.org/about/board-directors) - [Leadership](https://www.brennancenter.org/about/leadership) - [Financial & Legal Information](https://www.brennancenter.org/about/financial-legal-information) - [Contact Us](https://www.brennancenter.org/about/contact-us) - [Brennan Center & NYU School of Law](https://www.brennancenter.org/about/brennan-center-nyu-school-law) - [See All About](https://www.brennancenter.org/about-us) Sign up Close modal Stay up to date ### Informed citizens are our democracy’s best defense. [Donate](https://secure.brennancenter.org/secure/donate-brennan-center-justice) - [Home](https://www.brennancenter.org/) - [Our Work](https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work) - [Analysis & Opinion](https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/analysis-opinion) - Follow the Money Behind the Capitol Riot ![Follow the Money Behind the Capitol Riot]() Mykola Sosiukin/EyeEm Fellows # Follow the Money Behind the Capitol Riot Super PACs contributed to the officials who objected to certifying the 2020 election results, writes Brennan Center Fellow Ciara Torres-Spelliscy. - [![Ciara Torres Spelliscy](https://www.brennancenter.org/sites/default/files/styles/author/public/2019-12/Torres-Spelliscy_Ciara_Bio_27x2SL_440x440.jpg?itok=L7WaF-wS) Ciara Torres-Spelliscy](https://www.brennancenter.org/bio/ciara-torres-spelliscy) January 25, 2021 [Money in Politics](https://www.brennancenter.org/topics/money-politics) Share - Facebook - LinkedIn - Bluesky - x Close ![Follow the Money Behind the Capitol Riot]() Mykola Sosiukin/EyeEm January 25, 2021 [Money in Politics](https://www.brennancenter.org/topics/money-politics) Share - Facebook - LinkedIn - Bluesky - x Close Donald Trump is the first president to be impeached twice. He currently faces an article of impeachment from the House for [inciting an insurrection](https://www.npr.org/sections/trump-impeachment-effort-live-updates/2021/01/11/955631105/impeachment-resolution-cites-trumps-incitement-of-capitol-insurrection) and for encouraging rioters who stormed the Capitol on January 6. Two senators who contributed the chaos by raising objections to electoral college votes from key swing states now face [Ethics Committee](https://www.npr.org/2021/01/22/959499144/senate-democrats-file-ethics-complaint-against-cruz-hawley-after-capitol-riot) investigations. And some members of Congress stand accused of leading [reconnaissance tours](https://www.rollcall.com/2021/01/13/34-house-democrats-call-for-investigation-into-jan-5-tours-by-fellow-members-ahead-of-attack/) on January 5 for the would-be rioters. But who funded these elected officials and their campaigns? Let’s start at the top with President Trump, who egged on a crowd to go to the Capitol and “[fight](https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/interactive/2021/annotated-trump-speech-jan-6-capitol/),” moments before they did just that. During the 2020 election, he was supported by two super PACs, America First Action and Preserve America PAC, according to [Open Secrets](https://www.opensecrets.org/news/2020/10/super-pacs-hammer-trump/). [Preserve America PAC](https://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/contrib.php?cmte=C00756882&cycle=2020) was primarily bankrolled by the late Sheldon Adelson — perhaps best known as the founder, chairman, and CEO of [Las Vegas Sands Casino](https://www.sands.com/) — who contributed \$90 million. Meanwhile, American First Action received significant donations from three related Florida sugar companies: \$725,000 from Fanjul Corp (which sells the Florida Crystals brand of sugar), \$450,000 from New Hope Sugar Co., and \$450,000 from Osceola Farms. [Vital Pharmaceuticals](https://www.dnb.com/business-directory/company-profiles.vital_pharmaceuticals_inc.e8beef320ced4ac533707705b25a8f39.html), which produces the [Bang](https://www.vitaminshoppe.com/b/vpx-vital-pharmaceuticals/N-9cv) brand of energy drinks, gave American First Action \$250,000 during the 2020 election cycle. Three other Florida agricultural firms — Agro-Industrial Management, Americas Export Corp, and Sem-Chi Rice Products — gave the super PAC \$350,000, \$350,000, and \$250,000, respectively. [America First Action](https://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/contrib.php?cmte=C00637512&cycle=2020) also received a mysterious \$1 million donation from “Deuterium Electron LLC,” which seems to have no other online presence. During the 2018 election cycle, corporate-backed super PACs have also supported Sens. Ted Cruz (R-TX) and Josh Hawley (R-MO), who led objections in the Senate to the 2020 presidential election results. In a video of the insurrection released by the New Yorker, rioters [invoked Cruz](https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2021/01/18/new-yorker-video-us-capitol-rioters-luke-mogelson/4198301001/) as wanting “us to do this.” Previously, Cruz was supported by the [Texans Are super PAC](https://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/contrib.php?cmte=C00654301&cycle=2018). Contributions to this group included \$250,000 from TRT Holdings, which owns [Omni Hotels](https://www.dnb.com/business-directory/company-profiles.trt_holdings_inc.74185cf71e50eb18e8268f1eda040e0a.html) and [Origins Behavioral Healthcare](https://www.originsrecovery.com/origins-behavioral-healthcare-acquired-trt-holdings-inc/); \$150,000 from [Valero Energy](https://www.valero.com/); \$90,000 from [Jennmar](https://www.post-gazette.com/business/powersource/2014/12/09/Contributions-to-Congress-show-concern-for-coal-mining-at-all-stages/stories/201412090002), a coal mining supply company; and \$50,000 from [Holly Frontier](https://hollyfrontier.com/home/default.aspx), an oil refiner. Hawley was infamously pictured giving a power [salute](https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/sen-josh-hawley-becomes-public-enemy-no-1-capitol-hill-n1253470) to the rioters in real time on January 6. In 2018, he was supported by a small super PAC called [CFG Action Missouri](https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/C00654327/independent-expenditures/2018), which was bankrolled by Richard Uihlein, son of one of the founders of [Schlitz beer](http://schlitzbrewing.com/), and who was once labeled by the New York Times as one-half of “[the most powerful couple you’ve never heard of](https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/07/us/politics/liz-dick-uihlein-republican-donors.html).” Additionally, Hawley was the beneficiary of huge Republican super PACs that supported multiple candidates. In 2018, Hawley was also supported by the Senate Leadership Fund, which spent [\$196,842](https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/C00571703/independent-expenditures/2018) in independent expenditures to support his campaign, and he was the beneficiary of [\$915,743](https://www.opensecrets.org/parties/indexp.php?cmte=NRSC&cycle=2018) in coordinated expenditures from the National Republican Senatorial Committee. And the dark money group [Americans for Prosperity](https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/americans-for-prosperity/C90013285/donors/2018) spent nearly [\$4 million](https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/C90013285/independent-expenditures/2018) on ads attacking Hawley’s opponent, incumbent Claire McCaskill. The Electoral College objectors on the House side were so numerous that they cannot all be listed here. But Rep. Lauren Boebert (R-CO) stands out because she allegedly [gave a Capitol tour](https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2021/01/19/lauren-boebert-tour-capitol-riots/) to a large group the day before the insurrection. During her first campaign for a federal office, [Boebert](https://www.opensecrets.org/races/contributors?cycle=2020&id=CO03&spec=N) was supported by PACs including [Woodforest](https://www.opensecrets.org/orgs/summary?id=D000067658) Financial Group, [AIMCO](https://www.opensecrets.org/orgs/summary?id=D000031356), and [Uline Inc](https://www.opensecrets.org/orgs/summary?id=D000030599)., the latter of which is owned by aforementioned Richard Uihlein. I do not mean to imply that any of these donors, corporate or otherwise, knew that the insurrection on the Capitol would occur. After January 6, many corporate PACs are rightly having a [moment of reflection](https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/analysis-opinion/how-capitol-riot-affecting-corporate-political-spending) and are deciding to pull back their corporate donations to the officials who objected to the election results. But there are bigger questions raised by these campaign donations and political expenditures. For example, is this how we want our democracy to work? Do we want big donors to have the megaphone in our politics and to have such a big role in determining who is electable? Is risking money in politics a good use of [shareholders’ investments](https://www.brennancenter.org/sites/default/files/2019-08/Report_Corporate-Campaign-Spending-Giving-Shareholders-Voice.pdf?inline=1)? Should we allow [dark money](https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/analysis-opinion/dark-money-2020-election) to be spent in federal elections at all? The [For the People Act](https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/1) (H.R. 1/S.1) may be able to fix some of these problems, especially in terms of providing more transparency when it comes to money in politics. But other pieces of this puzzle — like discouraging corporations from bankrolling political ads in our elections — rely on the behavior of private, wealthy individuals. There is another open question once the [second impeachment](https://www.politico.com/news/2021/01/19/trump-impeachment-things-to-watch-460220) is resolved. If Donald Trump can still run for another office of public trust, will his corporate backers line up in 2024 to fund his political ambitions again? The views expressed are the author’s own and not necessarily those of the Brennan Center. ## Find more about: - [Money in Politics](https://www.brennancenter.org/topics/money-politics) - [Influence of Big Money](https://www.brennancenter.org/topics/money-politics/influence-big-money) - [Image ![Black and white American flag image with sun shining through stars](https://www.brennancenter.org/sites/default/files/styles/related_analysis_400x200_small_1x/public/2026-03/corruptiondemocracygaryhershorn-getty.jpg?h=95c29683&itok=8L5cCys7)](https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/analysis-opinion/how-corruption-affects-democracy) Analysis ### [How Corruption Affects Democracy](https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/analysis-opinion/how-corruption-affects-democracy) When elected officials are corrupt, citizens participate less in the democratic process and lose faith in government. [Lisa J. Danetz](https://www.brennancenter.org/bio/lisa-j-danetz) , [Alex Brunet](https://www.brennancenter.org/about/staff/alex-brunet) March 31, 2026 - [Image ![President Trump shaking hands with someone off-camera](https://www.brennancenter.org/sites/default/files/styles/related_analysis_400x200_small_1x/public/2026-03/trumpshakinghands.jpg?h=95c29683&itok=UAsxeCSj)](https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/research-reports/how-weak-federal-ethics-laws-enable-presidential-profiteering) Explainer ### [How Weak Federal Ethics Laws Enable Presidential Profiteering](https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/research-reports/how-weak-federal-ethics-laws-enable-presidential-profiteering) Lackluster laws and barriers to enforcement clear many paths for the wealthy to get money to the president. [Owen Bacskai](https://www.brennancenter.org/about/staff/owen-bacskai) , [Daniel I. Weiner](https://www.brennancenter.org/about/leadership/daniel-i-weiner) March 16, 2026 - ### Analysis #### [Virginia Lawmakers Should Pass Citizens United Trigger Law](https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/analysis-opinion/virginia-lawmakers-should-pass-citizens-united-trigger-law) February 27, 2026 Eric Petry , Jay Swanson - ### Analysis #### [Fixes for America's Corruption Problem](https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/analysis-opinion/fixes-americas-corruption-problem) January 20, 2026 Michael Waldman - ### Analysis #### [Odd-Year Elections Break Spending Records](https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/analysis-opinion/odd-year-elections-break-spending-records) December 1, 2025 Ian Vandewalker - ### Analysis #### [A New Era of Crony Capitalism](https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/analysis-opinion/new-era-crony-capitalism) November 18, 2025 Michael Waldman - ### Analysis #### [State Legislatures Can Push Back Against Citizens United](https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/analysis-opinion/state-legislatures-can-push-back-against-citizens-united) November 13, 2025 Jay Swanson , Eric Petry [More News & Analysis](https://www.brennancenter.org/news-analysis?langcode=en) Stay up to date ### Informed citizens are democracy’s best defense [![Brennan Center for Justice](https://www.brennancenter.org/themes/custom/bcj/assets/images/brennan-center-for-justice-white-red-bar.svg) ![NYU Law Logo](https://www.brennancenter.org/themes/custom/bcj/assets/images/nyu-law-white.svg)](https://www.brennancenter.org/) ## Main navigation - [Topics](https://www.brennancenter.org/topics "The Brennan Center works to reform and defend our country’s systems of democracy and justice.") - [Our Work](https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work "The Brennan Center crafts innovative policies and fights for them in Congress and the courts.") - [Experts](https://www.brennancenter.org/experts) - [Get Involved](https://www.brennancenter.org/get-involved "The Brennan Center works to build an America that is democratic, just, and free. Here’s how you can help.") - [About](https://www.brennancenter.org/about-us "The Brennan Center is a nonpartisan law and policy institute, striving to uphold the values of democracy.") ## Footer - [Carreras](https://www.brennancenter.org/about/careers) - [Donate](https://secure.brennancenter.org/secure/donate-brennan-center-justice) - [Staff](https://www.brennancenter.org/about/staff) - [Subscribe](https://www.brennancenter.org/get-involved/get-informed) New York Office 120 Broadway Suite 1750 New York, NY 10271 Washington DC Office 777 6th St. NW Suite 1100 Washington, DC 20001 Brennan Center for Justice at New York University School of Law © 2026 Brennan Center for Justice at NYU Law [Privacy Policy](https://www.brennancenter.org/privacy-policy) [Accessibility](https://www.brennancenter.org/accessibility) ## Institutional Menu Footer - [BlueSky](https://bsky.app/profile/brennancenter.org) - [Facebook](https://www.facebook.com/BrennanCenter) - [Instagram](https://www.instagram.com/brennancenter) - [LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com/company/brennan-center-for-justice/) - [Tiktok](https://www.tiktok.com/@brennancenter) - [YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/user/TheBrennanCenter)
Readable Markdown	Donald Trump is the first president to be impeached twice. He currently faces an article of impeachment from the House for [inciting an insurrection](https://www.npr.org/sections/trump-impeachment-effort-live-updates/2021/01/11/955631105/impeachment-resolution-cites-trumps-incitement-of-capitol-insurrection) and for encouraging rioters who stormed the Capitol on January 6. Two senators who contributed the chaos by raising objections to electoral college votes from key swing states now face [Ethics Committee](https://www.npr.org/2021/01/22/959499144/senate-democrats-file-ethics-complaint-against-cruz-hawley-after-capitol-riot) investigations. And some members of Congress stand accused of leading [reconnaissance tours](https://www.rollcall.com/2021/01/13/34-house-democrats-call-for-investigation-into-jan-5-tours-by-fellow-members-ahead-of-attack/) on January 5 for the would-be rioters. But who funded these elected officials and their campaigns? Let’s start at the top with President Trump, who egged on a crowd to go to the Capitol and “[fight](https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/interactive/2021/annotated-trump-speech-jan-6-capitol/),” moments before they did just that. During the 2020 election, he was supported by two super PACs, America First Action and Preserve America PAC, according to [Open Secrets](https://www.opensecrets.org/news/2020/10/super-pacs-hammer-trump/). [Preserve America PAC](https://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/contrib.php?cmte=C00756882&cycle=2020) was primarily bankrolled by the late Sheldon Adelson — perhaps best known as the founder, chairman, and CEO of [Las Vegas Sands Casino](https://www.sands.com/) — who contributed \$90 million. Meanwhile, American First Action received significant donations from three related Florida sugar companies: \$725,000 from Fanjul Corp (which sells the Florida Crystals brand of sugar), \$450,000 from New Hope Sugar Co., and \$450,000 from Osceola Farms. [Vital Pharmaceuticals](https://www.dnb.com/business-directory/company-profiles.vital_pharmaceuticals_inc.e8beef320ced4ac533707705b25a8f39.html), which produces the [Bang](https://www.vitaminshoppe.com/b/vpx-vital-pharmaceuticals/N-9cv) brand of energy drinks, gave American First Action \$250,000 during the 2020 election cycle. Three other Florida agricultural firms — Agro-Industrial Management, Americas Export Corp, and Sem-Chi Rice Products — gave the super PAC \$350,000, \$350,000, and \$250,000, respectively. [America First Action](https://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/contrib.php?cmte=C00637512&cycle=2020) also received a mysterious \$1 million donation from “Deuterium Electron LLC,” which seems to have no other online presence. During the 2018 election cycle, corporate-backed super PACs have also supported Sens. Ted Cruz (R-TX) and Josh Hawley (R-MO), who led objections in the Senate to the 2020 presidential election results. In a video of the insurrection released by the New Yorker, rioters [invoked Cruz](https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2021/01/18/new-yorker-video-us-capitol-rioters-luke-mogelson/4198301001/) as wanting “us to do this.” Previously, Cruz was supported by the [Texans Are super PAC](https://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/contrib.php?cmte=C00654301&cycle=2018). Contributions to this group included \$250,000 from TRT Holdings, which owns [Omni Hotels](https://www.dnb.com/business-directory/company-profiles.trt_holdings_inc.74185cf71e50eb18e8268f1eda040e0a.html) and [Origins Behavioral Healthcare](https://www.originsrecovery.com/origins-behavioral-healthcare-acquired-trt-holdings-inc/); \$150,000 from [Valero Energy](https://www.valero.com/); \$90,000 from [Jennmar](https://www.post-gazette.com/business/powersource/2014/12/09/Contributions-to-Congress-show-concern-for-coal-mining-at-all-stages/stories/201412090002), a coal mining supply company; and \$50,000 from [Holly Frontier](https://hollyfrontier.com/home/default.aspx), an oil refiner. Hawley was infamously pictured giving a power [salute](https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/sen-josh-hawley-becomes-public-enemy-no-1-capitol-hill-n1253470) to the rioters in real time on January 6. In 2018, he was supported by a small super PAC called [CFG Action Missouri](https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/C00654327/independent-expenditures/2018), which was bankrolled by Richard Uihlein, son of one of the founders of [Schlitz beer](http://schlitzbrewing.com/), and who was once labeled by the New York Times as one-half of “[the most powerful couple you’ve never heard of](https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/07/us/politics/liz-dick-uihlein-republican-donors.html).” Additionally, Hawley was the beneficiary of huge Republican super PACs that supported multiple candidates. In 2018, Hawley was also supported by the Senate Leadership Fund, which spent [\$196,842](https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/C00571703/independent-expenditures/2018) in independent expenditures to support his campaign, and he was the beneficiary of [\$915,743](https://www.opensecrets.org/parties/indexp.php?cmte=NRSC&cycle=2018) in coordinated expenditures from the National Republican Senatorial Committee. And the dark money group [Americans for Prosperity](https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/americans-for-prosperity/C90013285/donors/2018) spent nearly [\$4 million](https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/C90013285/independent-expenditures/2018) on ads attacking Hawley’s opponent, incumbent Claire McCaskill. The Electoral College objectors on the House side were so numerous that they cannot all be listed here. But Rep. Lauren Boebert (R-CO) stands out because she allegedly [gave a Capitol tour](https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2021/01/19/lauren-boebert-tour-capitol-riots/) to a large group the day before the insurrection. During her first campaign for a federal office, [Boebert](https://www.opensecrets.org/races/contributors?cycle=2020&id=CO03&spec=N) was supported by PACs including [Woodforest](https://www.opensecrets.org/orgs/summary?id=D000067658) Financial Group, [AIMCO](https://www.opensecrets.org/orgs/summary?id=D000031356), and [Uline Inc](https://www.opensecrets.org/orgs/summary?id=D000030599)., the latter of which is owned by aforementioned Richard Uihlein. I do not mean to imply that any of these donors, corporate or otherwise, knew that the insurrection on the Capitol would occur. After January 6, many corporate PACs are rightly having a [moment of reflection](https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/analysis-opinion/how-capitol-riot-affecting-corporate-political-spending) and are deciding to pull back their corporate donations to the officials who objected to the election results. But there are bigger questions raised by these campaign donations and political expenditures. For example, is this how we want our democracy to work? Do we want big donors to have the megaphone in our politics and to have such a big role in determining who is electable? Is risking money in politics a good use of [shareholders’ investments](https://www.brennancenter.org/sites/default/files/2019-08/Report_Corporate-Campaign-Spending-Giving-Shareholders-Voice.pdf?inline=1)? Should we allow [dark money](https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/analysis-opinion/dark-money-2020-election) to be spent in federal elections at all? The [For the People Act](https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/1) (H.R. 1/S.1) may be able to fix some of these problems, especially in terms of providing more transparency when it comes to money in politics. But other pieces of this puzzle — like discouraging corporations from bankrolling political ads in our elections — rely on the behavior of private, wealthy individuals. There is another open question once the [second impeachment](https://www.politico.com/news/2021/01/19/trump-impeachment-things-to-watch-460220) is resolved. If Donald Trump can still run for another office of public trust, will his corporate backers line up in 2024 to fund his political ambitions again? The views expressed are the author’s own and not necessarily those of the Brennan Center. Stay up to date Informed citizens are democracy’s best defense
Shard	22 (laksa)
Root Hash	15825364998084589222
Unparsed URL	org,brennancenter!www,/our-work/analysis-opinion/follow-money-behind-capitol-riot s443