🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 16 (from laksa018)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa016.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-32810887\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-32810887\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/uk-politics-32810887","crawl_time":1774228654,"first_indexed_time":1507048601,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"com,bbc!www,\/news\/uk-politics-32810887 s443","src_root_hash":"1643509356818581016","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Brexit: What you need to know about the UK leaving the EU - BBC News","meta_descriptions":["The UK and EU begin a new relationship on 1 January 2021."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"After months of negotiations, the UK and European Union finally agreed a deal that will define their future relationship, which comes into effect at 23.00GMT on 31 December.\nI thought the UK had already left the EU?\nIt has. The UK voted to leave the EU in 2016 and officially left the trading bloc - its nearest and biggest trading partner - on 31 January 2020.\nHowever, both sides agreed to keep many things the same until 31 December 2020, to allow enough time to agree to the terms of a new trade deal.\nIt was a complex, sometimes bitter negotiation, but they finally agreed a deal on 24 December.\nSo what changes on 1 January?\nThe deal contains new rules for how the UK and EU will live, work and trade together.\nWhile the UK was in the EU, companies could buy and sell goods across EU borders without paying taxes and there were no limits on the amount of things which could be traded.\nUnder the terms of the deal, that won't change on 1 January, but to be sure that neither side has an unfair advantage, both sides had to agree to some shared rules and standards on workers' rights, as well as many social and environmental regulations. You can read more detail on other aspects of the deal, including more on travel, fishing, and financial services,\nhere\n.\nFreedom to work and live between the UK and the EU also comes to an end, and in 2021, UK nationals will need a visa if they want to stay in the EU more than 90 days in a 180-day period.\nNorthern Ireland will continue to follow many of the EU's rules in order to avoid a hardening of its border with the Republic of Ireland. This will mean however that new checks will be introduced on goods entering Northern Ireland from the rest of the UK.\nNow that it's no longer in the EU, the UK is free to set its own trade policy and can negotiate deals with other countries. Talks are being held with the US, Australia and New Zealand - countries that currently don't have free trade deals with the EU.\nImage source,\nReuters\nImage caption,\nUK leader Boris Johnson signed the deal after the document was flown to the UK from Brussels in an RAF plane\nWill there be disruption at the borders?\nThere may not be new taxes to pay at the border, but there will be new paperwork, and the potential for it to cause delays is a serious concern.\n\"This is the biggest imposition of red tape that businesses have had to deal with in 50 years,\" according to William Bain from the British Retail Consortium.\nThe UK says it will delay making most checks for six months, to allow people to get used to the new system, but the EU will be checking paperwork and carrying out checks from day one. So if businesses are not prepared, or do not fill in the new paperwork correctly, it could cause delays and backlogs at ports like Dover.\nThe government has known about this for years, and has made plans to divert trade to other ports around the country and has built lorry parks in Kent, to avoid gridlock on the roads.\nIt's difficult to predict what the scale of any disruption might be, but government minister Michael Gove has said that UK businesses should prepare for some \"bumpy moments\".\nIs this finally the end of having to hear about Brexit?\nSadly, no. Decisions are still to be made on data sharing and on financial services, and the agreement on fishing only lasts five years.\nAlso while the UK and EU have agreed to some identical rules now, they don't have to be identical in the future, and if one side takes exception to the changes, they can trigger a dispute, which could ultimately lead to tariffs (charges on imports) being imposed on some goods in the future.\nExpect the threat of disputes to be a new constant in UK-EU relations.\nWhat Brexit words mean\nThe last few years have seen many words and phrases enter our lives. We haven't used them here, but politicians do use them. Here's what some of them mean:\nTransition period:\nThe 11-month period following the UK's exit from the EU (finishing at the end of 2020), during which time the UK has followed EU rules, to allow leaders to make a deal.\nFree trade:\nTrade between two countries, where neither side charges taxes or duties on goods crossing borders.\nLevel playing field:\nA set of rules to ensure that one country, or group of countries, doesn't have an unfair advantage over another. This can involve areas such as workers' rights and environmental standards. Free trade agreements like the Brexit deal often include level playing field measures.\nTariff:\nA tax or duty to be paid on goods crossing borders.","attrs_markdown":"[BBC Homepage](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/)\n\n- [Skip to content](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/uk-politics-32810887#main-heading)\n- [Accessibility Help](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/accessibility\/)\n\n- [Sign in](https:\/\/session.bbc.com\/session?lang=en-GB&ptrt=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-32810887&sequenceId=5d6b4ba5-d11b-43be-a652-0136abd1366e)\n\n- [Home](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/)\n- [News](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news)\n- [Sport](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/sport)\n- [Business](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/business)\n- [Innovation](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/innovation)\n- [Culture](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/culture)\n- [Travel](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/travel)\n- [Earth](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future-planet)\n- [Audio](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/audio)\n- [Video](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/video)\n- [Live](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/live)\n- [More menu](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/uk-politics-32810887#global-navigation-more-menu)\n\n[More menu](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/uk-politics-32810887#global-navigation-more-menu)\n\n[Search BBC](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/search?d=NEWS_GNL)\n\n- [Home](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/)\n- [News](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news)\n- [Sport](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/sport)\n- [Business](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/business)\n- [Innovation](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/innovation)\n- [Culture](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/culture)\n- [Travel](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/travel)\n- [Earth](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future-planet)\n- [Audio](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/audio)\n- [Video](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/video)\n- [Live](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/live)\n\nClose menu\n\n[BBC News](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news)\n\n[Menu](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/uk-politics-32810887#product-navigation-menu)\n\n- [Home](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news)\n- [Climate](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cmj34zmwm1zt)\n- [World](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world)\n- [UK](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/uk)\n- [Business](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/business)\n- [Tech](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology)\n- [Science](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/science_and_environment)\n- [Entertainment & Arts](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/entertainment_and_arts)\n- [Health](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/health)\n- [In Pictures](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/in_pictures)\n\n[More](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/uk-politics-32810887#product-navigation-more-menu)\n\n- [BBC Verify](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/bbcverify)\n- [Newsbeat](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/newsbeat)\n\n- [Politics](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/politics)\n- [Parliaments](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/politics\/parliaments)\n- [Brexit](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/politics\/uk_leaves_the_eu)\n\n# Brexit: What you need to know about the UK leaving the EU\nShare\n\nclose panel\n\nShare page\n\nCopy link\n\n[About sharing](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/usingthebbc\/terms\/can-i-share-things-from-the-bbc)\n\nRelated topics\n\n- [Brexit](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cwlw3xz0lvvt)\n\n![Map of the UK](https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/ace\/standard\/976\/cpsprodpb\/BDED\/production\/_115812684_simple_explainer_index2_976-nc.jpg)\n\n**After months of negotiations, the UK and European Union finally agreed a deal that will define their future relationship, which comes into effect at 23.00GMT on 31 December.**\n\n## I thought the UK had already left the EU?\nIt has. The UK voted to leave the EU in 2016 and officially left the trading bloc - its nearest and biggest trading partner - on 31 January 2020.\n\nHowever, both sides agreed to keep many things the same until 31 December 2020, to allow enough time to agree to the terms of a new trade deal.\n\nIt was a complex, sometimes bitter negotiation, but they finally agreed a deal on 24 December.\n## So what changes on 1 January?\nThe deal contains new rules for how the UK and EU will live, work and trade together.\n\nWhile the UK was in the EU, companies could buy and sell goods across EU borders without paying taxes and there were no limits on the amount of things which could be traded.\n\nUnder the terms of the deal, that won't change on 1 January, but to be sure that neither side has an unfair advantage, both sides had to agree to some shared rules and standards on workers' rights, as well as many social and environmental regulations. You can read more detail on other aspects of the deal, including more on travel, fishing, and financial services, [here](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/explainers-55180293).\n\n- [What's in the Brexit deal?](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/explainers-55180293)\n\nFreedom to work and live between the UK and the EU also comes to an end, and in 2021, UK nationals will need a visa if they want to stay in the EU more than 90 days in a 180-day period.\n\nNorthern Ireland will continue to follow many of the EU's rules in order to avoid a hardening of its border with the Republic of Ireland. This will mean however that new checks will be introduced on goods entering Northern Ireland from the rest of the UK.\n\nNow that it's no longer in the EU, the UK is free to set its own trade policy and can negotiate deals with other countries. Talks are being held with the US, Australia and New Zealand - countries that currently don't have free trade deals with the EU.\n\n![PM Boris Johnson signs the post-Brexit trade deal with the EU on 30 December 2020](https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/ace\/standard\/976\/cpsprodpb\/0F1E\/production\/_116307830_065003246reuters.jpg)\n\nImage source, Reuters\n\nImage caption,\n\nUK leader Boris Johnson signed the deal after the document was flown to the UK from Brussels in an RAF plane\n## Will there be disruption at the borders?\nThere may not be new taxes to pay at the border, but there will be new paperwork, and the potential for it to cause delays is a serious concern.\n\n\"This is the biggest imposition of red tape that businesses have had to deal with in 50 years,\" according to William Bain from the British Retail Consortium.\n\nThe UK says it will delay making most checks for six months, to allow people to get used to the new system, but the EU will be checking paperwork and carrying out checks from day one. So if businesses are not prepared, or do not fill in the new paperwork correctly, it could cause delays and backlogs at ports like Dover.\n\nThe government has known about this for years, and has made plans to divert trade to other ports around the country and has built lorry parks in Kent, to avoid gridlock on the roads.\n\nIt's difficult to predict what the scale of any disruption might be, but government minister Michael Gove has said that UK businesses should prepare for some \"bumpy moments\".\n## Is this finally the end of having to hear about Brexit?\nSadly, no. Decisions are still to be made on data sharing and on financial services, and the agreement on fishing only lasts five years.\n\nAlso while the UK and EU have agreed to some identical rules now, they don't have to be identical in the future, and if one side takes exception to the changes, they can trigger a dispute, which could ultimately lead to tariffs (charges on imports) being imposed on some goods in the future.\n\nExpect the threat of disputes to be a new constant in UK-EU relations.\n## What Brexit words mean\nThe last few years have seen many words and phrases enter our lives. We haven't used them here, but politicians do use them. Here's what some of them mean:\n\n**Transition period:** The 11-month period following the UK's exit from the EU (finishing at the end of 2020), during which time the UK has followed EU rules, to allow leaders to make a deal.\n\n**Free trade:** Trade between two countries, where neither side charges taxes or duties on goods crossing borders.\n\n**Level playing field:** A set of rules to ensure that one country, or group of countries, doesn't have an unfair advantage over another. This can involve areas such as workers' rights and environmental standards. Free trade agreements like the Brexit deal often include level playing field measures.\n\n**Tariff:** A tax or duty to be paid on goods crossing borders.\n\n![Brexit box banner](https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/ace\/standard\/1280\/cpsprodpb\/17493\/production\/_115797359_cps_web_banner_top_640x3-nc.png)\n\n- [Brexit: Seven things that will change on 1 January](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/explainers-54195827)\n- [The key points of the Brexit deal](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/explainers-55180293)\n- [How to get ready for Brexit in 2021](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/uk-55317422)\n- [How your Europe holidays will change](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/uk-46627083)\n\n![Brexit box Bottom line](https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/ace\/standard\/1280\/cpsprodpb\/14D83\/production\/_115797358_cps_web_banner_bottom_640x3-nc.png)\n\n## Related topics\n- [Ireland–UK border](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/c734j9d772gt)\n- [Boris Johnson](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/c8nq32jw8r1t)\n- [UK Parliament](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/ckgj73kx384t)\n- [European Union](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cwlw3xz0ljmt)\n- [Brexit](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cwlw3xz0lvvt)\n\n## More on this story\n- [What is the Brexit transition period?](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/uk-politics-50838994)\n  \n  ![Brexit alarm clock](https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/ace\/standard\/976\/cpsprodpb\/8C33\/production\/_112919853_gettyimages-1047094934.jpg)\n- [What trade deals has the UK done so far?](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/uk-47213842)\n  \n  ![Logistics and transportation of Container Cargo ship and Cargo plane with working crane bridge in shipyard at sunrise](https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/ace\/standard\/976\/cpsprodpb\/E71B\/production\/_132436195_containers_lozenge-nc.png)\n\n## Top stories\n- [Live. Starmer and Trump discuss need to reopen Strait of Hormuz as strikes continue in Middle East](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/live\/ce35wke27ynt)\n- [No assessment Iran could strike London, UK minister says](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/articles\/crm120x4lzxo)\n- [Three golds in 28 minutes - GB make history at World Indoors](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/sport\/athletics\/articles\/c20qjlyezjvo)\n\n## More to explore\n- [Heat pumps work for me - but they're not yet a money saver](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/articles\/ce358gkx9vpo)\n  \n  ![A treated image of two men on either side holding a heat pump](https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/ace\/standard\/385\/cpsprodpb\/5e94\/live\/f7955300-2453-11f1-934f-036468834728.jpg)\n- [The Magic Faraway Tree's Andrew Garfield: Our attention is abused by tech companies](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/articles\/c5y9310vyleo)\n  \n  ![A family looks in awe through an open old door](https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/ace\/standard\/385\/cpsprodpb\/5c43\/live\/ed7414e0-2621-11f1-8055-8da8289aa0e0.jpg)\n- [Grisly or just country life? The mole photos dividing social media](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/articles\/cm28jj22kg3o)\n  \n  ![A mole, its fur black and shiny and with large clawed feet, appears from a hole in the ground.](https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/ace\/standard\/385\/cpsprodpb\/95d2\/live\/18ae57a0-1ca0-11f1-9120-a910fc22c6ac.jpg)\n- [Germany has a shortage of workers - so it's turning to India for help](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/articles\/c3wlww83yv4o)\n  \n  ![A woman with shoulder-length brown hair smiles. She is wearing a large salmon-coloured puffer jacket.](https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/ace\/standard\/385\/cpsprodpb\/53d7\/live\/472f0520-25dd-11f1-965f-2f5aaeeadad7.jpg)\n- [The Bachelorette's messy break-up with its unlikely star Taylor Frankie Paul](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/articles\/cd9vd35jgqqo)\n  \n  ![Influencer Taylor Frankie Paul smiles while seated on a coach in red jumper and matching red trousers.](https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/ace\/standard\/385\/cpsprodpb\/a817\/live\/5909d3f0-2525-11f1-bb95-2dc272eaaadd.jpg)\n- ['Club vibes without the hangover': The twenty-somethings going out - in the gym](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/articles\/cly0krjy57lo)\n  \n  ![A woman in athletic clothing practices a lifting movement with a white training bar inside a gym. She is positioned in a partial squat with the bar held horizontally in front. Next to her, to the right, are two other women who are also holding training bars and performing similar movements. The gym space includes weight racks, exercise machines, rubber flooring, and high ceilings with ropes hanging down.](https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/ace\/standard\/385\/cpsprodpb\/e0c7\/live\/36421040-1985-11f1-ad8c-2577a14d4f52.jpg)\n- [Pop megastars BTS electrify historic centre of Seoul with comeback concert](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/articles\/cj371jr203ko)\n  \n  ![Jin, a K-pop star with a red microphone near his face, during BTS concert in Seoul](https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/ace\/standard\/385\/cpsprodpb\/4ac5\/live\/955684d0-2551-11f1-934f-036468834728.jpg)\n- [AI videos of sexualised black women removed from TikTok after BBC investigation](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/articles\/c070e283k8vo)\n  \n  ![Composite image: On the left it shows a still from video of Riya Ulan. Her left arm is raised touching her head, she is looking straight at the camera with a grey curtain behind her. She has a light \/ olive complexion and dark hair, and is wearing a loose-fitting top with a wide neck. On the right is an AI generated image of a woman with artificially created, exceptionally dark skin in the same position, with the same clothing and backdrop. The BBC has marked the right hand image \"AI generated\" with a red label.](https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/ace\/standard\/385\/cpsprodpb\/374e\/live\/100efcf0-23b0-11f1-934f-036468834728.png)\n- [News Daily: Our flagship daily newsletter delivered to your inbox first thing](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/newsletters\/zhp28xs)\n  \n  ![A promo promoting the News Daily newsletter - a graphic of an orange sphere with two concentric crescent shapes around it in a red-orange gradient, like a sound wave.](https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/ace\/standard\/385\/cpsprodpb\/f6e7\/live\/0a68e090-4b8e-11f0-8c47-237c2e4015f5.png)\n\n## Elsewhere on the BBC\n- [The world's first labradoodle](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/sounds\/play\/w3ct4xfz?at_mid=QHxTa7Vio1&at_campaign=Witness_History_The_Worlds_First_Labradoodle&at_medium=display_ad&at_campaign_type=owned&at_nation=NET&at_audience_id=SS&at_product=sounds&at_brand=p004t1hd&at_ptr_name=bbc&at_ptr_type=media&at_format=image&at_objective=consumption&at_link_title=Witness_History_The_Worlds_First_Labradoodle&at_bbc_team=BBC)\n  \n  ![Witness History: The world's first labradoodle ](https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/ace\/standard\/480\/cpsprodpb\/705c\/live\/05249430-2446-11f1-934f-036468834728.jpg)\n- [The hit whimsical comedy‑drama audiences are loving](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/iplayer\/episode\/m002q768?at_mid=RqUvlsCj2B&at_campaign=Small_Prophets_S1_E1&at_medium=display_ad&at_campaign_type=owned&at_nation=NET&at_audience_id=SS&at_product=iplayer&at_brand=m002q765&at_ptr_name=bbc&at_ptr_type=media&at_format=image&at_objective=consumption&at_link_title=Small_Prophets_S1_E1&at_bbc_team=BBC)\n  \n  ![Small Prophets](https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/ace\/standard\/480\/cpsprodpb\/dd9c\/live\/486d6e10-02ea-11f1-b5e2-dd58fc65f0f6.jpg)\n- [A crime thriller full of dark family twists](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/sounds\/play\/m002rt0v?at_mid=s1ccs6NN5D&at_campaign=Limelight_The_Dentist&at_medium=display_ad&at_campaign_type=owned&at_nation=NET&at_audience_id=SS&at_product=sounds&at_brand=p09hbsqb&at_ptr_name=bbc&at_ptr_type=media&at_format=image&at_objective=consumption&at_link_title=Limelight_The_Dentist&at_bbc_team=BBC)\n  \n  ![Limelight](https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/ace\/standard\/480\/cpsprodpb\/0710\/live\/ef602cf0-1648-11f1-9120-a910fc22c6ac.jpg)\n- [New drama inspired by Marian Keyes' bestsellers](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/iplayer\/episode\/m002qk54?at_mid=zx9vtRMgqX&at_campaign=The_Walsh_Sisters&at_medium=display_ad&at_campaign_type=owned&at_nation=NET&at_audience_id=SS&at_product=iplayer&at_brand=m002qk52&at_ptr_name=bbc&at_ptr_type=media&at_format=image&at_objective=consumption&at_link_title=The_Walsh_Sisters&at_bbc_team=BBC)\n  \n  ![The Walsh Sisters](https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/ace\/standard\/480\/cpsprodpb\/13ca\/live\/f1cb72d0-0d90-11f1-b5e2-dd58fc65f0f6.jpg)\n\n## Most read\n1. 1\n   \n   [Grisly or just country life? The mole photos dividing social media](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/articles\/cm28jj22kg3o)\n2. 2\n   \n   [Potential sites for Labour's 'new towns' cut to seven](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/articles\/c393l8w7me2o)\n3. 3\n   \n   [What did critics think of Saturday Night Live UK's debut?](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/articles\/c8ejl730wl2o)\n4. 4\n   \n   [Prince William keen to build 'strong and meaningful' bond with Church](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/articles\/cx230em8jg7o)\n5. 5\n   \n   [No assessment Iran could strike London, UK minister says](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/articles\/crm120x4lzxo)\n6. 6\n   \n   [France's Socialists hold onto power in major cities in election boost for mainstream](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/articles\/crk14m7mjddo)\n7. 7\n   \n   [Heat pumps work for me - but they're not yet a money saver](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/articles\/ce358gkx9vpo)\n8. 8\n   \n   [Israeli settlers target Palestinian villages in occupied West Bank, attacking people and properties](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/articles\/cew719w80g7o)\n9. 9\n   \n   [Plan to scrap most short jail terms comes into effect](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/articles\/cdxk6dqqp1qo)\n10. 10\n    \n    [Trump at a crossroads as US weighs tough options in Iran](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/articles\/clyxv87zwwpo)\n\n## BBC News Services\n- [On your mobile](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/10628994)\n- [On smart speakers](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/help-50068132)\n- [Get news alerts](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/10628323)\n- [Contact BBC News](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/20039682)\n\n- [Home](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/)\n- [News](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news)\n- [Sport](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/sport)\n- [Business](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/business)\n- [Innovation](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/innovation)\n- [Culture](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/culture)\n- [Travel](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/travel)\n- [Earth](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future-planet)\n- [Audio](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/audio)\n- [Video](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/video)\n- [Live](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/live)\n\n- [Terms of Use](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/pages\/terms-of-use)\n- [About the BBC](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/aboutthebbc)\n- [Privacy Policy](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/pages\/privacy-policy)\n- [Cookies](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/usingthebbc\/cookies)\n- [Accessibility Help](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/accessibility)\n- [Parental Guidance](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/iplayer\/guidance)\n- [Contact the BBC](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/contact)\n- [BBC emails for you](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bbcnewsletter)\n- [Advertise with us](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/advertisingcontact\/)\n- Do not share or sell my info\n\nCopyright © 2026 BBC. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. [Read about our approach to external linking.](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/editorialguidelines\/guidance\/feeds-and-links)","attrs_readable_markdown":"![Map of the UK](https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/ace\/standard\/976\/cpsprodpb\/BDED\/production\/_115812684_simple_explainer_index2_976-nc.jpg)\n\n**After months of negotiations, the UK and European Union finally agreed a deal that will define their future relationship, which comes into effect at 23.00GMT on 31 December.**\n\nI thought the UK had already left the EU?\n\nIt has. The UK voted to leave the EU in 2016 and officially left the trading bloc - its nearest and biggest trading partner - on 31 January 2020.\n\nHowever, both sides agreed to keep many things the same until 31 December 2020, to allow enough time to agree to the terms of a new trade deal.\n\nIt was a complex, sometimes bitter negotiation, but they finally agreed a deal on 24 December.\n\nSo what changes on 1 January?\n\nThe deal contains new rules for how the UK and EU will live, work and trade together.\n\nWhile the UK was in the EU, companies could buy and sell goods across EU borders without paying taxes and there were no limits on the amount of things which could be traded.\n\nUnder the terms of the deal, that won't change on 1 January, but to be sure that neither side has an unfair advantage, both sides had to agree to some shared rules and standards on workers' rights, as well as many social and environmental regulations. You can read more detail on other aspects of the deal, including more on travel, fishing, and financial services, [here](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/explainers-55180293).\n\nFreedom to work and live between the UK and the EU also comes to an end, and in 2021, UK nationals will need a visa if they want to stay in the EU more than 90 days in a 180-day period.\n\nNorthern Ireland will continue to follow many of the EU's rules in order to avoid a hardening of its border with the Republic of Ireland. This will mean however that new checks will be introduced on goods entering Northern Ireland from the rest of the UK.\n\nNow that it's no longer in the EU, the UK is free to set its own trade policy and can negotiate deals with other countries. Talks are being held with the US, Australia and New Zealand - countries that currently don't have free trade deals with the EU.\n\n![PM Boris Johnson signs the post-Brexit trade deal with the EU on 30 December 2020](https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/ace\/standard\/976\/cpsprodpb\/0F1E\/production\/_116307830_065003246reuters.jpg)Image source, Reuters\n\nImage caption,\n\nUK leader Boris Johnson signed the deal after the document was flown to the UK from Brussels in an RAF plane\n\nWill there be disruption at the borders?\n\nThere may not be new taxes to pay at the border, but there will be new paperwork, and the potential for it to cause delays is a serious concern.\n\n\"This is the biggest imposition of red tape that businesses have had to deal with in 50 years,\" according to William Bain from the British Retail Consortium.\n\nThe UK says it will delay making most checks for six months, to allow people to get used to the new system, but the EU will be checking paperwork and carrying out checks from day one. So if businesses are not prepared, or do not fill in the new paperwork correctly, it could cause delays and backlogs at ports like Dover.\n\nThe government has known about this for years, and has made plans to divert trade to other ports around the country and has built lorry parks in Kent, to avoid gridlock on the roads.\n\nIt's difficult to predict what the scale of any disruption might be, but government minister Michael Gove has said that UK businesses should prepare for some \"bumpy moments\".\n\nIs this finally the end of having to hear about Brexit?\n\nSadly, no. Decisions are still to be made on data sharing and on financial services, and the agreement on fishing only lasts five years.\n\nAlso while the UK and EU have agreed to some identical rules now, they don't have to be identical in the future, and if one side takes exception to the changes, they can trigger a dispute, which could ultimately lead to tariffs (charges on imports) being imposed on some goods in the future.\n\nExpect the threat of disputes to be a new constant in UK-EU relations.\n\nWhat Brexit words mean\n\nThe last few years have seen many words and phrases enter our lives. We haven't used them here, but politicians do use them. Here's what some of them mean:\n\n**Transition period:** The 11-month period following the UK's exit from the EU (finishing at the end of 2020), during which time the UK has followed EU rules, to allow leaders to make a deal.\n\n**Free trade:** Trade between two countries, where neither side charges taxes or duties on goods crossing borders.\n\n**Level playing field:** A set of rules to ensure that one country, or group of countries, doesn't have an unfair advantage over another. This can involve areas such as workers' rights and environmental standards. Free trade agreements like the Brexit deal often include level playing field measures.\n\n**Tariff:** A tax or duty to be paid on goods crossing borders.\n\n![Brexit box banner](https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/ace\/standard\/1280\/cpsprodpb\/17493\/production\/_115797359_cps_web_banner_top_640x3-nc.png)\n\n![Brexit box Bottom line](https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/ace\/standard\/1280\/cpsprodpb\/14D83\/production\/_115797358_cps_web_banner_bottom_640x3-nc.png)","meta_canonical":null}

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URL	https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-32810887
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Boilerpipe Text	After months of negotiations, the UK and European Union finally agreed a deal that will define their future relationship, which comes into effect at 23.00GMT on 31 December. I thought the UK had already left the EU? It has. The UK voted to leave the EU in 2016 and officially left the trading bloc - its nearest and biggest trading partner - on 31 January 2020. However, both sides agreed to keep many things the same until 31 December 2020, to allow enough time to agree to the terms of a new trade deal. It was a complex, sometimes bitter negotiation, but they finally agreed a deal on 24 December. So what changes on 1 January? The deal contains new rules for how the UK and EU will live, work and trade together. While the UK was in the EU, companies could buy and sell goods across EU borders without paying taxes and there were no limits on the amount of things which could be traded. Under the terms of the deal, that won't change on 1 January, but to be sure that neither side has an unfair advantage, both sides had to agree to some shared rules and standards on workers' rights, as well as many social and environmental regulations. You can read more detail on other aspects of the deal, including more on travel, fishing, and financial services, here . Freedom to work and live between the UK and the EU also comes to an end, and in 2021, UK nationals will need a visa if they want to stay in the EU more than 90 days in a 180-day period. Northern Ireland will continue to follow many of the EU's rules in order to avoid a hardening of its border with the Republic of Ireland. This will mean however that new checks will be introduced on goods entering Northern Ireland from the rest of the UK. Now that it's no longer in the EU, the UK is free to set its own trade policy and can negotiate deals with other countries. Talks are being held with the US, Australia and New Zealand - countries that currently don't have free trade deals with the EU. Image source, Reuters Image caption, UK leader Boris Johnson signed the deal after the document was flown to the UK from Brussels in an RAF plane Will there be disruption at the borders? There may not be new taxes to pay at the border, but there will be new paperwork, and the potential for it to cause delays is a serious concern. "This is the biggest imposition of red tape that businesses have had to deal with in 50 years," according to William Bain from the British Retail Consortium. The UK says it will delay making most checks for six months, to allow people to get used to the new system, but the EU will be checking paperwork and carrying out checks from day one. So if businesses are not prepared, or do not fill in the new paperwork correctly, it could cause delays and backlogs at ports like Dover. The government has known about this for years, and has made plans to divert trade to other ports around the country and has built lorry parks in Kent, to avoid gridlock on the roads. It's difficult to predict what the scale of any disruption might be, but government minister Michael Gove has said that UK businesses should prepare for some "bumpy moments". Is this finally the end of having to hear about Brexit? Sadly, no. Decisions are still to be made on data sharing and on financial services, and the agreement on fishing only lasts five years. Also while the UK and EU have agreed to some identical rules now, they don't have to be identical in the future, and if one side takes exception to the changes, they can trigger a dispute, which could ultimately lead to tariffs (charges on imports) being imposed on some goods in the future. Expect the threat of disputes to be a new constant in UK-EU relations. What Brexit words mean The last few years have seen many words and phrases enter our lives. We haven't used them here, but politicians do use them. Here's what some of them mean: Transition period: The 11-month period following the UK's exit from the EU (finishing at the end of 2020), during which time the UK has followed EU rules, to allow leaders to make a deal. Free trade: Trade between two countries, where neither side charges taxes or duties on goods crossing borders. Level playing field: A set of rules to ensure that one country, or group of countries, doesn't have an unfair advantage over another. This can involve areas such as workers' rights and environmental standards. Free trade agreements like the Brexit deal often include level playing field measures. Tariff: A tax or duty to be paid on goods crossing borders.
Markdown	[BBC Homepage](https://www.bbc.com/) - [Skip to content](https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-32810887#main-heading) - [Accessibility Help](https://www.bbc.co.uk/accessibility/) - [Sign in](https://session.bbc.com/session?lang=en-GB&ptrt=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-32810887&sequenceId=5d6b4ba5-d11b-43be-a652-0136abd1366e) - [Home](https://www.bbc.com/) - [News](https://www.bbc.com/news) - [Sport](https://www.bbc.com/sport) - [Business](https://www.bbc.com/business) - [Innovation](https://www.bbc.com/innovation) - [Culture](https://www.bbc.com/culture) - [Travel](https://www.bbc.com/travel) - [Earth](https://www.bbc.com/future-planet) - [Audio](https://www.bbc.com/audio) - [Video](https://www.bbc.com/video) - [Live](https://www.bbc.com/live) - [More menu](https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-32810887#global-navigation-more-menu) [More menu](https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-32810887#global-navigation-more-menu) [Search BBC](https://www.bbc.com/search?d=NEWS_GNL) - [Home](https://www.bbc.com/) - [News](https://www.bbc.com/news) - [Sport](https://www.bbc.com/sport) - [Business](https://www.bbc.com/business) - [Innovation](https://www.bbc.com/innovation) - [Culture](https://www.bbc.com/culture) - [Travel](https://www.bbc.com/travel) - [Earth](https://www.bbc.com/future-planet) - [Audio](https://www.bbc.com/audio) - [Video](https://www.bbc.com/video) - [Live](https://www.bbc.com/live) Close menu [BBC News](https://www.bbc.com/news) [Menu](https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-32810887#product-navigation-menu) - [Home](https://www.bbc.com/news) - [Climate](https://www.bbc.com/news/topics/cmj34zmwm1zt) - [World](https://www.bbc.com/news/world) - [UK](https://www.bbc.com/news/uk) - [Business](https://www.bbc.com/news/business) - [Tech](https://www.bbc.com/news/technology) - [Science](https://www.bbc.com/news/science_and_environment) - [Entertainment & Arts](https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment_and_arts) - [Health](https://www.bbc.com/news/health) - [In Pictures](https://www.bbc.com/news/in_pictures) [More](https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-32810887#product-navigation-more-menu) - [BBC Verify](https://www.bbc.com/news/bbcverify) - [Newsbeat](https://www.bbc.com/news/newsbeat) - [Politics](https://www.bbc.com/news/politics) - [Parliaments](https://www.bbc.com/news/politics/parliaments) - [Brexit](https://www.bbc.com/news/politics/uk_leaves_the_eu) # Brexit: What you need to know about the UK leaving the EU Share close panel Share page Copy link [About sharing](https://www.bbc.co.uk/usingthebbc/terms/can-i-share-things-from-the-bbc) Related topics - [Brexit](https://www.bbc.com/news/topics/cwlw3xz0lvvt) ![Map of the UK](https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/BDED/production/_115812684_simple_explainer_index2_976-nc.jpg) After months of negotiations, the UK and European Union finally agreed a deal that will define their future relationship, which comes into effect at 23.00GMT on 31 December. ## I thought the UK had already left the EU? It has. The UK voted to leave the EU in 2016 and officially left the trading bloc - its nearest and biggest trading partner - on 31 January 2020. However, both sides agreed to keep many things the same until 31 December 2020, to allow enough time to agree to the terms of a new trade deal. It was a complex, sometimes bitter negotiation, but they finally agreed a deal on 24 December. ## So what changes on 1 January? The deal contains new rules for how the UK and EU will live, work and trade together. While the UK was in the EU, companies could buy and sell goods across EU borders without paying taxes and there were no limits on the amount of things which could be traded. Under the terms of the deal, that won't change on 1 January, but to be sure that neither side has an unfair advantage, both sides had to agree to some shared rules and standards on workers' rights, as well as many social and environmental regulations. You can read more detail on other aspects of the deal, including more on travel, fishing, and financial services, [here](https://www.bbc.com/news/explainers-55180293). - [What's in the Brexit deal?](https://www.bbc.com/news/explainers-55180293) Freedom to work and live between the UK and the EU also comes to an end, and in 2021, UK nationals will need a visa if they want to stay in the EU more than 90 days in a 180-day period. Northern Ireland will continue to follow many of the EU's rules in order to avoid a hardening of its border with the Republic of Ireland. This will mean however that new checks will be introduced on goods entering Northern Ireland from the rest of the UK. Now that it's no longer in the EU, the UK is free to set its own trade policy and can negotiate deals with other countries. Talks are being held with the US, Australia and New Zealand - countries that currently don't have free trade deals with the EU. ![PM Boris Johnson signs the post-Brexit trade deal with the EU on 30 December 2020](https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/0F1E/production/_116307830_065003246reuters.jpg) Image source, Reuters Image caption, UK leader Boris Johnson signed the deal after the document was flown to the UK from Brussels in an RAF plane ## Will there be disruption at the borders? There may not be new taxes to pay at the border, but there will be new paperwork, and the potential for it to cause delays is a serious concern. "This is the biggest imposition of red tape that businesses have had to deal with in 50 years," according to William Bain from the British Retail Consortium. The UK says it will delay making most checks for six months, to allow people to get used to the new system, but the EU will be checking paperwork and carrying out checks from day one. So if businesses are not prepared, or do not fill in the new paperwork correctly, it could cause delays and backlogs at ports like Dover. The government has known about this for years, and has made plans to divert trade to other ports around the country and has built lorry parks in Kent, to avoid gridlock on the roads. It's difficult to predict what the scale of any disruption might be, but government minister Michael Gove has said that UK businesses should prepare for some "bumpy moments". ## Is this finally the end of having to hear about Brexit? Sadly, no. Decisions are still to be made on data sharing and on financial services, and the agreement on fishing only lasts five years. Also while the UK and EU have agreed to some identical rules now, they don't have to be identical in the future, and if one side takes exception to the changes, they can trigger a dispute, which could ultimately lead to tariffs (charges on imports) being imposed on some goods in the future. Expect the threat of disputes to be a new constant in UK-EU relations. ## What Brexit words mean The last few years have seen many words and phrases enter our lives. We haven't used them here, but politicians do use them. Here's what some of them mean: Transition period: The 11-month period following the UK's exit from the EU (finishing at the end of 2020), during which time the UK has followed EU rules, to allow leaders to make a deal. Free trade: Trade between two countries, where neither side charges taxes or duties on goods crossing borders. Level playing field: A set of rules to ensure that one country, or group of countries, doesn't have an unfair advantage over another. This can involve areas such as workers' rights and environmental standards. Free trade agreements like the Brexit deal often include level playing field measures. Tariff: A tax or duty to be paid on goods crossing borders. ![Brexit box banner](https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/1280/cpsprodpb/17493/production/_115797359_cps_web_banner_top_640x3-nc.png) - [Brexit: Seven things that will change on 1 January](https://www.bbc.com/news/explainers-54195827) - [The key points of the Brexit deal](https://www.bbc.com/news/explainers-55180293) - [How to get ready for Brexit in 2021](https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-55317422) - [How your Europe holidays will change](https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-46627083) ![Brexit box Bottom line](https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/1280/cpsprodpb/14D83/production/_115797358_cps_web_banner_bottom_640x3-nc.png) ## Related topics - [Ireland–UK border](https://www.bbc.com/news/topics/c734j9d772gt) - [Boris Johnson](https://www.bbc.com/news/topics/c8nq32jw8r1t) - [UK Parliament](https://www.bbc.com/news/topics/ckgj73kx384t) - [European Union](https://www.bbc.com/news/topics/cwlw3xz0ljmt) - [Brexit](https://www.bbc.com/news/topics/cwlw3xz0lvvt) ## More on this story - [What is the Brexit transition period?](https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-50838994) ![Brexit alarm clock](https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/8C33/production/_112919853_gettyimages-1047094934.jpg) - [What trade deals has the UK done so far?](https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-47213842) ![Logistics and transportation of Container Cargo ship and Cargo plane with working crane bridge in shipyard at sunrise](https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/E71B/production/_132436195_containers_lozenge-nc.png) ## Top stories - [Live. 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Readable Markdown	![Map of the UK](https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/BDED/production/_115812684_simple_explainer_index2_976-nc.jpg) After months of negotiations, the UK and European Union finally agreed a deal that will define their future relationship, which comes into effect at 23.00GMT on 31 December. I thought the UK had already left the EU? It has. The UK voted to leave the EU in 2016 and officially left the trading bloc - its nearest and biggest trading partner - on 31 January 2020. However, both sides agreed to keep many things the same until 31 December 2020, to allow enough time to agree to the terms of a new trade deal. It was a complex, sometimes bitter negotiation, but they finally agreed a deal on 24 December. So what changes on 1 January? The deal contains new rules for how the UK and EU will live, work and trade together. While the UK was in the EU, companies could buy and sell goods across EU borders without paying taxes and there were no limits on the amount of things which could be traded. Under the terms of the deal, that won't change on 1 January, but to be sure that neither side has an unfair advantage, both sides had to agree to some shared rules and standards on workers' rights, as well as many social and environmental regulations. You can read more detail on other aspects of the deal, including more on travel, fishing, and financial services, [here](https://www.bbc.com/news/explainers-55180293). Freedom to work and live between the UK and the EU also comes to an end, and in 2021, UK nationals will need a visa if they want to stay in the EU more than 90 days in a 180-day period. Northern Ireland will continue to follow many of the EU's rules in order to avoid a hardening of its border with the Republic of Ireland. This will mean however that new checks will be introduced on goods entering Northern Ireland from the rest of the UK. Now that it's no longer in the EU, the UK is free to set its own trade policy and can negotiate deals with other countries. Talks are being held with the US, Australia and New Zealand - countries that currently don't have free trade deals with the EU. ![PM Boris Johnson signs the post-Brexit trade deal with the EU on 30 December 2020](https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/0F1E/production/_116307830_065003246reuters.jpg)Image source, Reuters Image caption, UK leader Boris Johnson signed the deal after the document was flown to the UK from Brussels in an RAF plane Will there be disruption at the borders? There may not be new taxes to pay at the border, but there will be new paperwork, and the potential for it to cause delays is a serious concern. "This is the biggest imposition of red tape that businesses have had to deal with in 50 years," according to William Bain from the British Retail Consortium. The UK says it will delay making most checks for six months, to allow people to get used to the new system, but the EU will be checking paperwork and carrying out checks from day one. So if businesses are not prepared, or do not fill in the new paperwork correctly, it could cause delays and backlogs at ports like Dover. The government has known about this for years, and has made plans to divert trade to other ports around the country and has built lorry parks in Kent, to avoid gridlock on the roads. It's difficult to predict what the scale of any disruption might be, but government minister Michael Gove has said that UK businesses should prepare for some "bumpy moments". Is this finally the end of having to hear about Brexit? Sadly, no. Decisions are still to be made on data sharing and on financial services, and the agreement on fishing only lasts five years. Also while the UK and EU have agreed to some identical rules now, they don't have to be identical in the future, and if one side takes exception to the changes, they can trigger a dispute, which could ultimately lead to tariffs (charges on imports) being imposed on some goods in the future. Expect the threat of disputes to be a new constant in UK-EU relations. What Brexit words mean The last few years have seen many words and phrases enter our lives. We haven't used them here, but politicians do use them. Here's what some of them mean: Transition period: The 11-month period following the UK's exit from the EU (finishing at the end of 2020), during which time the UK has followed EU rules, to allow leaders to make a deal. Free trade: Trade between two countries, where neither side charges taxes or duties on goods crossing borders. Level playing field: A set of rules to ensure that one country, or group of countries, doesn't have an unfair advantage over another. This can involve areas such as workers' rights and environmental standards. Free trade agreements like the Brexit deal often include level playing field measures. Tariff: A tax or duty to be paid on goods crossing borders. ![Brexit box banner](https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/1280/cpsprodpb/17493/production/_115797359_cps_web_banner_top_640x3-nc.png) ![Brexit box Bottom line](https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/1280/cpsprodpb/14D83/production/_115797358_cps_web_banner_bottom_640x3-nc.png)
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