🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 16 (from laksa047)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa016.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.bbc.com/news/health-62577464\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.bbc.com/news/health-62577464\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/health-62577464","crawl_time":1772712795,"first_indexed_time":1660799315,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"com,bbc!www,\/news\/health-62577464 s443","src_root_hash":"1643509356818581016","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Covid: Brain fog more common two years on, study suggests","meta_descriptions":["Diagnoses of dementia rose after two years but other issues like depression fell away, research found."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"18 August 2022\nGetty Images\nTwo years after having Covid-19, diagnoses of brain fog, dementia and epilepsy are more common than after other respiratory infections, a study by the University of Oxford suggests.\nBut anxiety and depression are no more likely in adults or children two years on, the research found.\nMore research is needed to understand how and why Covid could lead to other conditions.\nExperts say the virus disrupted daily life as well as making people ill.\nPrevious research has suggested that adults are at an increased risk of brain and mental health conditions in the six months after a Covid infection.\nThis study looked at the risks of 14 different disorders in 1.25 million patients two years on from Covid, mostly in the US. It then compared them with a closely-matched group of 1.25 million people who had a different respiratory infection.\nIn the group who had Covid, after two years, there were more new cases of:\ndementia, stroke and brain fog in adults aged over 65\nbrain fog in adults aged 18-64\nepilepsy and psychotic disorders in children, although the overall risks were small\nFor example, children's risk of developing epilepsy after Covid was 260 in 10,000, compared to 130 in 10,000 after another respiratory infection.\nTheir risk of developing a psychotic disorder also increased after Covid - to 18 in 10,000 - but it is still a rare condition.\nSome disorders became less common two years after Covid, including:\nanxiety and depression in children and adults\npsychotic disorders in adults\nThe increased risk of depression and anxiety in adults lasts less than two months before returning to normal levels, the research found.\n'Worrying'\nProf Paul Harrison, lead study author, from University of Oxford's psychiatry department, said it was \"worrying\" that some disorders, such as dementia and seizures, are more likely to be diagnosed after Covid-19, even two years later.\nBut he said it was \"good news\" that depression and anxiety cases after Covid were \"short-lived\", and not seen in children.\nThe researchers said the numbers affected were \"hard to ignore\" but were \"not a tsunami\", and some would be likely to need medical attention which could add to the pressure on health services.\nIt also did not look at how severe each condition was after diagnosis or how long they lasted, and whether these are similar after Covid compared with other infections.\nThey stopped short of calling these conditions \"long Covid\", although brain fog - or problems with memory and concentration - is a typical symptom.\nAlthough less severe than the Delta variant, Omicron appears to lead to similar risks of brain and mental health conditions, this study found.\n'Societal upheaval'\nThe study has some limitations - it did not look at how Covid could cause brain and mental health disorders, although some experts say it could be explained by the development of micro-clots in the blood.\nDr Jonathan Rogers and Prof Glyn Lewis, from University College London, who were not involved in the research, said the study highlighted \"some clinical features that particularly merit further investigation\", but they added that more studies were needed to confirm the findings.\nProf David Menon, from the University of Cambridge, said the impact of being in hospital with Covid was \"equal to 20 years of ageing (between 50 and 70)\".\nPaul Garner, emeritus professor in evidence synthesis in global health at Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, said the Covid pandemic had changed people's lives in many different ways.\nHe said the small increases in dementia and psychosis were \"more likely to be related to the societal upheaval and dystopia we have been living through, rather than being a direct effect of the virus.\"","attrs_markdown":"[Skip to content](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/health-62577464#main-content)\n\n[Register](https:\/\/session.bbc.com\/session?action=register&userOrigin=BBCS_BBC&ptrt=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fhealth-62577464)\n\n[Sign In](https:\/\/session.bbc.com\/session?userOrigin=BBCS_BBC&ptrt=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fhealth-62577464)\n\n- [Home](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/)\n- [News](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news)\n- [Sport](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/sport)\n- [Business](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/business)\n- [Technology](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/technology)\n- [Health](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/health)\n- [Culture](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/culture)\n- [Arts](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arts)\n- [Travel](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/travel)\n- [Earth](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future-planet)\n- [Audio](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/audio)\n- [Video](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/video)\n- [Live](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/live)\n\n- [Home](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/home)\n- [News](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news)\n  - [US & Canada](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/us-canada)\n  - [UK](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/uk)\n    - [UK Politics](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/politics)\n    - [England](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/england)\n    - [N. 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[Live Sport](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/live\/sport)\n\n[Home](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/)\n\nNews\n\n[Sport](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/sport)\n\nBusiness\n\nTechnology\n\n[Health](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/health)\n\nCulture\n\nArts\n\nTravel\n\nEarth\n\nAudio\n\nVideo\n\nLive\n\n[Weather](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/weather)\n\n[Newsletters](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/newsletters)\n\n# Covid: Brain fog more common two years on, study suggests\n18 August 2022\n\nShare\n\nSave\n\nShare\n\nSave\n\n![Getty Images Woman who is tired lying in bed](https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/086B\/production\/_126355120_gettyimages-733931243.jpg.webp)Getty Images\n\n**Two years after having Covid-19, diagnoses of brain fog, dementia and epilepsy are more common than after other respiratory infections, a study by the University of Oxford suggests.**\n\nBut anxiety and depression are no more likely in adults or children two years on, the research found.\n\nMore research is needed to understand how and why Covid could lead to other conditions.\n\nExperts say the virus disrupted daily life as well as making people ill.\n\nPrevious research has suggested that adults are at an increased risk of brain and mental health conditions in the six months after a Covid infection.\n\nThis study looked at the risks of 14 different disorders in 1.25 million patients two years on from Covid, mostly in the US. It then compared them with a closely-matched group of 1.25 million people who had a different respiratory infection.\n\nIn the group who had Covid, after two years, there were more new cases of:\n\n- dementia, stroke and brain fog in adults aged over 65\n- brain fog in adults aged 18-64\n- epilepsy and psychotic disorders in children, although the overall risks were small\n\nFor example, children's risk of developing epilepsy after Covid was 260 in 10,000, compared to 130 in 10,000 after another respiratory infection.\n\nTheir risk of developing a psychotic disorder also increased after Covid - to 18 in 10,000 - but it is still a rare condition.\n\nSome disorders became less common two years after Covid, including:\n\n- anxiety and depression in children and adults\n- psychotic disorders in adults\n\nThe increased risk of depression and anxiety in adults lasts less than two months before returning to normal levels, the research found.\n\n## 'Worrying'\nProf Paul Harrison, lead study author, from University of Oxford's psychiatry department, said it was \"worrying\" that some disorders, such as dementia and seizures, are more likely to be diagnosed after Covid-19, even two years later.\n\nBut he said it was \"good news\" that depression and anxiety cases after Covid were \"short-lived\", and not seen in children.\n\nThe researchers said the numbers affected were \"hard to ignore\" but were \"not a tsunami\", and some would be likely to need medical attention which could add to the pressure on health services.\n\n[The study, published in the Lancet Psychiatry](https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lanpsy\/article\/PIIS2215-0366\\(22\\)00260-7\/fulltext), did not track individual people over two years - instead it analysed the number of people with a new diagnosis two years after their infection.\n\nIt also did not look at how severe each condition was after diagnosis or how long they lasted, and whether these are similar after Covid compared with other infections.\n\nThey stopped short of calling these conditions \"long Covid\", although brain fog - or problems with memory and concentration - is a typical symptom.\n\nLast winter's Omicron variant was less likely to cause long Covid symptoms than previous variants, [recent research suggests.](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/health-61828335)\n\nAlthough less severe than the Delta variant, Omicron appears to lead to similar risks of brain and mental health conditions, this study found.\n\n## 'Societal upheaval'\nThe study has some limitations - it did not look at how Covid could cause brain and mental health disorders, although some experts say it could be explained by the development of micro-clots in the blood.\n\nDr Jonathan Rogers and Prof Glyn Lewis, from University College London, who were not involved in the research, said the study highlighted \"some clinical features that particularly merit further investigation\", but they added that more studies were needed to confirm the findings.\n\nProf David Menon, from the University of Cambridge, said the impact of being in hospital with Covid was \"equal to 20 years of ageing (between 50 and 70)\".\n\nPaul Garner, emeritus professor in evidence synthesis in global health at Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, said the Covid pandemic had changed people's lives in many different ways.\n\nHe said the small increases in dementia and psychosis were \"more likely to be related to the societal upheaval and dystopia we have been living through, rather than being a direct effect of the virus.\"\n\n[Covid infections continuing to fall around the UK](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/health-62435912)\n\n['Long Covid' risk lower with Omicron, study finds](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/health-61828335)\n\n[Long Covid patients face lottery over treatment](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/health-61711913)\n\n[What are the symptoms of long Covid?](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/health-57833394)\n\n[Depression](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/c50znx8v471t)\n\n[Oxford](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/ck7rdn2x59rt)\n\n[Mental health](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cwlw3xz04egt)\n\n***\nRelated\n\n['Brutally honest' artworks explore depression](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/articles\/cg4epd30r4yo)\n\n['The nightmares were horrific' - dads open up about crippling post-natal depression](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/articles\/cy8v8xe24gzo)\n\n[Light therapy boxes placed in all NI libraries](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/videos\/cp3904qg35xo)\n\n***\nMore from the BBC\n\n[5 mins ago ![A boat resting on Folly Bridge on the River Thames in Oxford.](https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/8bdc\/live\/03c69c50-1889-11f1-aff7-a32b6621d3cc.jpg.webp) Traffic restored after boat crashes into bridge The narrowboat got stuck on Folly Bridge in Oxford during the evening rush hour. 5 mins ago](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/articles\/cn8zze3y9q7o)\n\n[2 hrs ago ![Workers in orange uniforms and helmets stand beside excavators behind barriers in a misty field](https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/7dfe\/live\/e3d11280-180c-11f1-9154-e1fd43ccfa04.jpg.webp) More 'highly likely' to lose water after burst main The water main burst is disrupting supplies in the OX7, OX18, OX28, OX29, GL7 postcodes. 2 hrs ago](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/articles\/c8755nx5x2no)\n\n[5 hrs ago ![A young person with long hair holds a notepad. Their face is out of vision.](https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/5a2e\/live\/5547e540-17c4-11f1-b048-c9424b2cf5fd.jpg.webp) New unit aims to support children with anxiety The facility is aimed at children who experience emotionally based school avoidance. 5 hrs ago](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/articles\/cvg1195z47zo)\n\n[6 hrs ago ![A CGI image of fans in the ground at the Triangle celebrating with many fans cheering and blue and yellow tape flying around in the air.](https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/09e0\/live\/a9b4f210-1352-11f1-b048-c9424b2cf5fd.png.webp) Campaigners fundraise for stadium legal challenge Friends of Stratfield Brake have persistently opposed the plans for Oxford United's new ground. 6 hrs ago](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/articles\/cewz8xyv75wo)\n\n[6 hrs ago ![Charlie is sitting on a light grey sofa in a bright room with large windows. She is wearing a black top and a sleeveless brown cardigan. Behind her, a colourful piece of artwork rests on the windowsill, and soft furnishings are visible on the right.](https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/f775\/live\/d5db1450-17da-11f1-aac8-7d686955074f.jpg.webp) 'From prison to Parliament' - ADHD woman's journey Charlie Herd shared her experience in the UK to help other women in prison who also have ADHD. 6 hrs ago](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/articles\/cz7gglg35r5o)\n***\n- [Home](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/)\n- [News](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news)\n- [Sport](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/sport)\n- [Business](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/business)\n- [Technology](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/technology)\n- [Health](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/health)\n- [Culture](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/culture)\n- [Arts](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arts)\n- [Travel](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/travel)\n- [Earth](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future-planet)\n- [Audio](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/audio)\n- [Video](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/video)\n- [Live](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/live)\n- [Weather](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/weather)\n- [BBC Shop](https:\/\/shop.bbc.com\/)\n- [BritBox](https:\/\/www.britbox.com\/?utm_source=bbc.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=footer)\n\nBBC in other languages\n\n### The BBC is in multiple languages\n#### Read the BBC In your own language\n[Oduu Afaan Oromootiin](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/afaanoromoo)\n\n[Amharic ዜና በአማርኛ](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/amharic)\n\n[Arabic عربي](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic)\n\n[Azeri AZƏRBAYCAN](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/azeri)\n\n[Bangla বাংলা](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/bengali)\n\n[Burmese မြန်မာ](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/burmese)\n\n[Chinese 中文网](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/zhongwen\/simp)\n\n[Dari دری](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/dari)\n\n[French AFRIQUE](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/afrique)\n\n[Hausa HAUSA](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/hausa)\n\n[Hindi हिन्दी](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/hindi)\n\n[Gaelic NAIDHEACHDAN](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/naidheachdan)\n\n[Gujarati ગુજરાતીમાં સમાચાર](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/gujarati)\n\n[Igbo AKỤKỌ N’IGBO](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/igbo)\n\n[Indonesian INDONESIA](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/indonesia)\n\n[Japanese 日本語](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/japanese)\n\n[Kinyarwanda GAHUZA](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/gahuza)\n\n[Kirundi KIRUNDI](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/gahuza)\n\n[Korean 한국어](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/korean)\n\n[Kyrgyz Кыргыз](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/kyrgyz)\n\n[Marathi मराठी](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/marathi)\n\n[Nepali नेपाली](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/nepali)\n\n[Noticias para hispanoparlantes](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/mundo)\n\n[Pashto پښتو](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/pashto)\n\n[Persian فارسی](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/persian)\n\n[Pidgin](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/pidgin)\n\n[Polish PO POLSKU](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/polska)\n\n[Portuguese BRASIL](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/portuguese)\n\n[Punjabi ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਖ਼ਬਰਾਂ](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/punjabi)\n\n[Russian НА РУССКОМ](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian)\n\n[Serbian NA SRPSKOM](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/serbian\/lat)\n\n[Sinhala සිංහල](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/sinhala)\n\n[Somali SOMALI](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/somali)\n\n[Swahili HABARI KWA KISWAHILI](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/swahili)\n\n[Tamil தமிழில் செய்திகள்](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/tamil)\n\n[Telugu తెలుగు వార్తలు](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/telugu)\n\n[Thai ข่าวภาษาไทย](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/thai)\n\n[Tigrinya ዜና ብትግርኛ](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/tigrinya)\n\n[Turkish TÜRKÇE](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/turkce)\n\n[Ukrainian УКРАЇНСЬКA](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/ukrainian)\n\n[Urdu اردو](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/urdu)\n\n[Uzbek O'ZBEK](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/uzbek)\n\n[Vietnamese TIẾNG VIỆT](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/vietnamese)\n\n[Welsh NEWYDDION](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/cymrufyw)\n\n[Yoruba ÌRÒYÌN NÍ YORÙBÁ](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/yoruba)\n\nFollow BBC on:\n\n- [Terms of Use](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/pages\/terms-of-use)\n- [Subscription Terms](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/pages\/subscription-terms)\n- [About the BBC](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/aboutthebbc)\n- [Privacy Policy](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/pages\/privacy-policy)\n- [Cookies](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/usingthebbc\/cookies\/)\n- [Accessibility Help](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/accessibility\/)\n- [Contact the BBC](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/contact)\n- [Advertise with us](https:\/\/advertising.bbcstudios.com\/)\n- [Do not share or sell my info](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/usingthebbc\/cookies\/how-can-i-change-my-bbc-cookie-settings\/)\n- [BBC.com Help & FAQs](https:\/\/help.bbc.com\/hc\/)\n- [Content Index](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/pages\/content-index)\n- [Set Preferred Source](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/article\/20260128-how-to-make-google-put-trusted-sources-up-top-when-you-search)\n\nCopyright 2026 BBC. 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[**Read about our approach to external linking.**](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/editorialguidelines\/guidance\/feeds-and-links)","attrs_readable_markdown":"18 August 2022\n\n![Getty Images Woman who is tired lying in bed](https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/086B\/production\/_126355120_gettyimages-733931243.jpg.webp)Getty Images\n\n**Two years after having Covid-19, diagnoses of brain fog, dementia and epilepsy are more common than after other respiratory infections, a study by the University of Oxford suggests.**\n\nBut anxiety and depression are no more likely in adults or children two years on, the research found.\n\nMore research is needed to understand how and why Covid could lead to other conditions.\n\nExperts say the virus disrupted daily life as well as making people ill.\n\nPrevious research has suggested that adults are at an increased risk of brain and mental health conditions in the six months after a Covid infection.\n\nThis study looked at the risks of 14 different disorders in 1.25 million patients two years on from Covid, mostly in the US. It then compared them with a closely-matched group of 1.25 million people who had a different respiratory infection.\n\nIn the group who had Covid, after two years, there were more new cases of:\n\n- dementia, stroke and brain fog in adults aged over 65\n- brain fog in adults aged 18-64\n- epilepsy and psychotic disorders in children, although the overall risks were small\n\nFor example, children's risk of developing epilepsy after Covid was 260 in 10,000, compared to 130 in 10,000 after another respiratory infection.\n\nTheir risk of developing a psychotic disorder also increased after Covid - to 18 in 10,000 - but it is still a rare condition.\n\nSome disorders became less common two years after Covid, including:\n\n- anxiety and depression in children and adults\n- psychotic disorders in adults\n\nThe increased risk of depression and anxiety in adults lasts less than two months before returning to normal levels, the research found.\n\n'Worrying'\n\nProf Paul Harrison, lead study author, from University of Oxford's psychiatry department, said it was \"worrying\" that some disorders, such as dementia and seizures, are more likely to be diagnosed after Covid-19, even two years later.\n\nBut he said it was \"good news\" that depression and anxiety cases after Covid were \"short-lived\", and not seen in children.\n\nThe researchers said the numbers affected were \"hard to ignore\" but were \"not a tsunami\", and some would be likely to need medical attention which could add to the pressure on health services.\n\nIt also did not look at how severe each condition was after diagnosis or how long they lasted, and whether these are similar after Covid compared with other infections.\n\nThey stopped short of calling these conditions \"long Covid\", although brain fog - or problems with memory and concentration - is a typical symptom.\n\nAlthough less severe than the Delta variant, Omicron appears to lead to similar risks of brain and mental health conditions, this study found.\n\n'Societal upheaval'\n\nThe study has some limitations - it did not look at how Covid could cause brain and mental health disorders, although some experts say it could be explained by the development of micro-clots in the blood.\n\nDr Jonathan Rogers and Prof Glyn Lewis, from University College London, who were not involved in the research, said the study highlighted \"some clinical features that particularly merit further investigation\", but they added that more studies were needed to confirm the findings.\n\nProf David Menon, from the University of Cambridge, said the impact of being in hospital with Covid was \"equal to 20 years of ageing (between 50 and 70)\".\n\nPaul Garner, emeritus professor in evidence synthesis in global health at Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, said the Covid pandemic had changed people's lives in many different ways.\n\nHe said the small increases in dementia and psychosis were \"more likely to be related to the societal upheaval and dystopia we have been living through, rather than being a direct effect of the virus.\"","meta_canonical":null}

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Meta Title	Covid: Brain fog more common two years on, study suggests
Meta Description	Diagnoses of dementia rose after two years but other issues like depression fell away, research found.
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Boilerpipe Text	18 August 2022 Getty Images Two years after having Covid-19, diagnoses of brain fog, dementia and epilepsy are more common than after other respiratory infections, a study by the University of Oxford suggests. But anxiety and depression are no more likely in adults or children two years on, the research found. More research is needed to understand how and why Covid could lead to other conditions. Experts say the virus disrupted daily life as well as making people ill. Previous research has suggested that adults are at an increased risk of brain and mental health conditions in the six months after a Covid infection. This study looked at the risks of 14 different disorders in 1.25 million patients two years on from Covid, mostly in the US. It then compared them with a closely-matched group of 1.25 million people who had a different respiratory infection. In the group who had Covid, after two years, there were more new cases of: dementia, stroke and brain fog in adults aged over 65 brain fog in adults aged 18-64 epilepsy and psychotic disorders in children, although the overall risks were small For example, children's risk of developing epilepsy after Covid was 260 in 10,000, compared to 130 in 10,000 after another respiratory infection. Their risk of developing a psychotic disorder also increased after Covid - to 18 in 10,000 - but it is still a rare condition. Some disorders became less common two years after Covid, including: anxiety and depression in children and adults psychotic disorders in adults The increased risk of depression and anxiety in adults lasts less than two months before returning to normal levels, the research found. 'Worrying' Prof Paul Harrison, lead study author, from University of Oxford's psychiatry department, said it was "worrying" that some disorders, such as dementia and seizures, are more likely to be diagnosed after Covid-19, even two years later. But he said it was "good news" that depression and anxiety cases after Covid were "short-lived", and not seen in children. The researchers said the numbers affected were "hard to ignore" but were "not a tsunami", and some would be likely to need medical attention which could add to the pressure on health services. It also did not look at how severe each condition was after diagnosis or how long they lasted, and whether these are similar after Covid compared with other infections. They stopped short of calling these conditions "long Covid", although brain fog - or problems with memory and concentration - is a typical symptom. Although less severe than the Delta variant, Omicron appears to lead to similar risks of brain and mental health conditions, this study found. 'Societal upheaval' The study has some limitations - it did not look at how Covid could cause brain and mental health disorders, although some experts say it could be explained by the development of micro-clots in the blood. Dr Jonathan Rogers and Prof Glyn Lewis, from University College London, who were not involved in the research, said the study highlighted "some clinical features that particularly merit further investigation", but they added that more studies were needed to confirm the findings. Prof David Menon, from the University of Cambridge, said the impact of being in hospital with Covid was "equal to 20 years of ageing (between 50 and 70)". Paul Garner, emeritus professor in evidence synthesis in global health at Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, said the Covid pandemic had changed people's lives in many different ways. He said the small increases in dementia and psychosis were "more likely to be related to the societal upheaval and dystopia we have been living through, rather than being a direct effect of the virus."
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But anxiety and depression are no more likely in adults or children two years on, the research found. More research is needed to understand how and why Covid could lead to other conditions. Experts say the virus disrupted daily life as well as making people ill. Previous research has suggested that adults are at an increased risk of brain and mental health conditions in the six months after a Covid infection. This study looked at the risks of 14 different disorders in 1.25 million patients two years on from Covid, mostly in the US. It then compared them with a closely-matched group of 1.25 million people who had a different respiratory infection. In the group who had Covid, after two years, there were more new cases of: - dementia, stroke and brain fog in adults aged over 65 - brain fog in adults aged 18-64 - epilepsy and psychotic disorders in children, although the overall risks were small For example, children's risk of developing epilepsy after Covid was 260 in 10,000, compared to 130 in 10,000 after another respiratory infection. Their risk of developing a psychotic disorder also increased after Covid - to 18 in 10,000 - but it is still a rare condition. Some disorders became less common two years after Covid, including: - anxiety and depression in children and adults - psychotic disorders in adults The increased risk of depression and anxiety in adults lasts less than two months before returning to normal levels, the research found. ## 'Worrying' Prof Paul Harrison, lead study author, from University of Oxford's psychiatry department, said it was "worrying" that some disorders, such as dementia and seizures, are more likely to be diagnosed after Covid-19, even two years later. But he said it was "good news" that depression and anxiety cases after Covid were "short-lived", and not seen in children. The researchers said the numbers affected were "hard to ignore" but were "not a tsunami", and some would be likely to need medical attention which could add to the pressure on health services. [The study, published in the Lancet Psychiatry](https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpsy/article/PIIS2215-0366\(22\)00260-7/fulltext), did not track individual people over two years - instead it analysed the number of people with a new diagnosis two years after their infection. It also did not look at how severe each condition was after diagnosis or how long they lasted, and whether these are similar after Covid compared with other infections. They stopped short of calling these conditions "long Covid", although brain fog - or problems with memory and concentration - is a typical symptom. Last winter's Omicron variant was less likely to cause long Covid symptoms than previous variants, [recent research suggests.](https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-61828335) Although less severe than the Delta variant, Omicron appears to lead to similar risks of brain and mental health conditions, this study found. ## 'Societal upheaval' The study has some limitations - it did not look at how Covid could cause brain and mental health disorders, although some experts say it could be explained by the development of micro-clots in the blood. Dr Jonathan Rogers and Prof Glyn Lewis, from University College London, who were not involved in the research, said the study highlighted "some clinical features that particularly merit further investigation", but they added that more studies were needed to confirm the findings. Prof David Menon, from the University of Cambridge, said the impact of being in hospital with Covid was "equal to 20 years of ageing (between 50 and 70)". Paul Garner, emeritus professor in evidence synthesis in global health at Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, said the Covid pandemic had changed people's lives in many different ways. He said the small increases in dementia and psychosis were "more likely to be related to the societal upheaval and dystopia we have been living through, rather than being a direct effect of the virus." 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Readable Markdown	18 August 2022 ![Getty Images Woman who is tired lying in bed](https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/086B/production/_126355120_gettyimages-733931243.jpg.webp)Getty Images Two years after having Covid-19, diagnoses of brain fog, dementia and epilepsy are more common than after other respiratory infections, a study by the University of Oxford suggests. But anxiety and depression are no more likely in adults or children two years on, the research found. More research is needed to understand how and why Covid could lead to other conditions. Experts say the virus disrupted daily life as well as making people ill. Previous research has suggested that adults are at an increased risk of brain and mental health conditions in the six months after a Covid infection. This study looked at the risks of 14 different disorders in 1.25 million patients two years on from Covid, mostly in the US. It then compared them with a closely-matched group of 1.25 million people who had a different respiratory infection. In the group who had Covid, after two years, there were more new cases of: - dementia, stroke and brain fog in adults aged over 65 - brain fog in adults aged 18-64 - epilepsy and psychotic disorders in children, although the overall risks were small For example, children's risk of developing epilepsy after Covid was 260 in 10,000, compared to 130 in 10,000 after another respiratory infection. Their risk of developing a psychotic disorder also increased after Covid - to 18 in 10,000 - but it is still a rare condition. Some disorders became less common two years after Covid, including: - anxiety and depression in children and adults - psychotic disorders in adults The increased risk of depression and anxiety in adults lasts less than two months before returning to normal levels, the research found. 'Worrying' Prof Paul Harrison, lead study author, from University of Oxford's psychiatry department, said it was "worrying" that some disorders, such as dementia and seizures, are more likely to be diagnosed after Covid-19, even two years later. But he said it was "good news" that depression and anxiety cases after Covid were "short-lived", and not seen in children. The researchers said the numbers affected were "hard to ignore" but were "not a tsunami", and some would be likely to need medical attention which could add to the pressure on health services. It also did not look at how severe each condition was after diagnosis or how long they lasted, and whether these are similar after Covid compared with other infections. They stopped short of calling these conditions "long Covid", although brain fog - or problems with memory and concentration - is a typical symptom. Although less severe than the Delta variant, Omicron appears to lead to similar risks of brain and mental health conditions, this study found. 'Societal upheaval' The study has some limitations - it did not look at how Covid could cause brain and mental health disorders, although some experts say it could be explained by the development of micro-clots in the blood. Dr Jonathan Rogers and Prof Glyn Lewis, from University College London, who were not involved in the research, said the study highlighted "some clinical features that particularly merit further investigation", but they added that more studies were needed to confirm the findings. Prof David Menon, from the University of Cambridge, said the impact of being in hospital with Covid was "equal to 20 years of ageing (between 50 and 70)". Paul Garner, emeritus professor in evidence synthesis in global health at Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, said the Covid pandemic had changed people's lives in many different ways. He said the small increases in dementia and psychosis were "more likely to be related to the societal upheaval and dystopia we have been living through, rather than being a direct effect of the virus."
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