🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 132 (from laksa064)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa132.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical, ml_categories_json AS ml_categories_json, ml_types_json AS ml_types_json, ml_intent_types_json AS ml_intent_types_json, meta_language AS meta_language, attrs_author AS attrs_author, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(attrs_publish_time), 0) AS attrs_publish_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(attrs_original_publish_time), 0) AS attrs_original_publish_time, ifNull(attrs_is_republished, 0) AS attrs_is_republished, ifNull(attrs_nr_words, 0) AS attrs_nr_words, ifNull(attrs_boilerpipe_nr_words, 0) AS attrs_boilerpipe_nr_words, ifNull(body_ext_links_number, 0) AS body_ext_links_number, ifNull(body_int_links_number, 0) AS body_int_links_number, ifNull(meta_nofollow, 0) AS meta_nofollow, ifNull(meta_noarchive, 0) AS meta_noarchive, ifNull(props_was_rendered, 0) AS props_was_rendered, ifNull(src_redirect, \'\') AS src_redirect, ifNull(download_time_msec, 0) AS download_time_msec, ifNull(download_ttfb_msec, 0) AS download_ttfb_msec, ifNull(download_size, 0) AS download_size FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z9yfrdm/revision/6\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z9yfrdm/revision/6\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/guides\/z9yfrdm\/revision\/6","crawl_time":1774320606,"first_indexed_time":0,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"uk,co,bbc!www,\/bitesize\/guides\/z9yfrdm\/revision\/6 s443","src_root_hash":"2272746388958996332","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"What are human rights in China? - China's political system - National 5 Modern Studies Revision - BBC Bitesize","meta_descriptions":["Learn about the country of China and the workings of its government for National 5 Modern Studies"],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"What are human rights in China?\nAlthough there is some evidence that the Chinese government has improved the rights of their people in a few areas, human rights groups such as Asia Watch and Amnesty International claim the rights of people in China are frequently abused.\nChinese criminal justice system\nUnlike in the UK, the human rights of people accused of a crime in China are not protected by law.\nArrest and imprisonment\nFigure caption,\nWomen prisoners carry dining utensils at a prison in Beijing, China\nIn China, people suspected of a crime are often arrested for long periods of time without appearing for trial. Those under arrest are often denied a lawyer or family visits and may be beaten to obtain a confession.\nHuman rights groups estimate that tens of thousands of people in China are currently being held without trial. Punishment in China is severe. A minor theft can carry a sentence of five years in prison.\nCourt trials\nCourt trials in China can be held in secret. The accused may be denied a lawyer and is not always allowed to speak in their own defence. Once the prosecution has made their case the judge makes a decision. There is little opportunity for an appeal, although the Chinese government have made promises to improve the way court trials work.\nDeath penalty\nIn China, there are 55 crimes that carry the death penalty. These include embezzlement and robbery.\nIn recent years it is believed that China has executed more people than the rest of the world put together. The number of executions per year is a state secret. Amnesty International believes the figure annually could be several thousand.\nRecently, the number of crimes punishable by death fell from 68 to 55. Crimes that no longer carry the death penalty include minor theft and fraud.\nFew people are now put to death for non-violent crime. Also, young people under the ages of 18 at the time of an offence can no longer be given the death penalty. All death penalty cases are subject to review.\nRe-education camps\nThe Chinese government has insisted the ‘re-education camps’ in Xinjiang in the far western region are voluntary facilities for re-education from extremism.  An investigation by the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists in 2019, uncovered that these were in fact high security prison camps, focusing on systematic brainwashing of inmates, the majority of whom are from the Muslim Uyghur community.\nThe investigation discovered that detainees were subjected to strict monitoring, discipline and punishment of behavioural violations and constant video surveillance, with the aim of transforming beliefs, behaviours, and language.\nIt also found the Chinese government were analysing personal data using a predictive policing programme. One document showed an investigation of 40,557 individuals using the phone data sharing app Zapya and anyone regarded as suspicious was to be detained.\nThe Chinese ambassador to the UK Liu Xiaoming responded. \"In total disregard of the facts, some people in the West have been fiercely slandering and smearing China over Xinjiang in an attempt to create an excuse to interfere in China's internal affairs, disrupt China's counter-terrorism efforts in Xinjiang and thwart China's steady development.\" (Source BBC: News)\nIn 2022, the treatment of women in the ‘re-education camps’ was reported on by the BBC. Several ex-prisoners and a guard revealed accounts of rape, sexual abuse and torture.","attrs_markdown":"[BBC Homepage](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/)\n\n- [Skip to content](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/guides\/z9yfrdm\/revision\/6#main-heading)\n- [Accessibility Help](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/accessibility\/)\n\n- [Your account](https:\/\/account.bbc.com\/account?lang=en-GB&ptrt=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fbitesize%2Fguides%2Fz9yfrdm%2Frevision%2F6)\n\n- [Home](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/)\n- [News](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news)\n- [Sport](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/sport)\n- [Earth](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/earth)\n- [Reel](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/reel)\n- [Worklife](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/worklife)\n- [Travel](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/travel)\n- [Culture](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/culture)\n- [Future](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future)\n- [Music](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/culture\/music)\n- [TV](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/schedules\/p00fzl9m)\n- [Weather](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/weather)\n- [Sounds](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/sounds)\n- [More menu](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/guides\/z9yfrdm\/revision\/6#global-navigation-more-menu)\n\n[More menu](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/guides\/z9yfrdm\/revision\/6#global-navigation-more-menu)\n\n[Search Bitesize](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/search?d=BITESIZE)\n\n- [Home](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/)\n- [News](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news)\n- [Sport](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/sport)\n- [Earth](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/earth)\n- [Reel](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/reel)\n- [Worklife](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/worklife)\n- [Travel](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/travel)\n- [Culture](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/culture)\n- [Future](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future)\n- [Music](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/culture\/music)\n- [TV](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/schedules\/p00fzl9m)\n- [Weather](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/weather)\n- [Sounds](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/sounds)\n\n[Close 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5](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/levels\/z6gw2hv)\n- [Higher](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/levels\/zkdqxnb)\n- [Core Skills](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/levels\/z66jhbk)\n- [An Tràth Ìre](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/levels\/zggh6g8)\n- [A' Chiad Ìre](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/levels\/zk3xy9q)\n- [An Dàrna Ìre](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/levels\/z4y2scw)\n- [3mh ìre](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/levels\/zmd346f)\n- [4mh ìre](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/levels\/zxwb9ty)\n- [Nàiseanta 4](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/levels\/z8hhvcw)\n- [Nàiseanta 5](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/levels\/zdpp34j)\n- [Àrd Ìre](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/levels\/zqq4wxs)\n\n**Wales**\n\n- [Foundation Phase](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/levels\/zxybmsg)\n- [KS2](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/levels\/zbr9wmn)\n- [KS3](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/levels\/z4kw2hv)\n- [GCSE](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/levels\/z98jmp3)\n- [WBQ](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/levels\/z9wtgdm)\n- [Essential Skills](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/levels\/zhh7nrd)\n- [Cyfnod Sylfaen](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/levels\/z4js6v4)\n- [CA2](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/levels\/zbpwt39)\n- [CA3](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/levels\/zh6vr82)\n- [CBC](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/levels\/zqxy8mn)\n- [TGAU](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/levels\/z8w76sg)\n\n**International**\n\n- [KS3](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/levels\/zygcmbk)\n- [IGCSE](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/levels\/zgdqywx)\n\n**More from Bitesize**\n\n- [About us](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/articles\/z6x992p)\n- [All subjects](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/subjects)\n- [All levels](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/levels)\n- [Primary games](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/primary-games)\n- [Secondary games](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/secondary-games)\n\nClose Button\n\n# Welcome to My Bitesize, let's get you set up\\!\nAdd your subjects to find the right study guides, track progress and keep everything in one place.\n\n[Add my subjects](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/my)\n\nRemind me later\n\n![My Subjects](https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/core\/website\/assets\/static\/bitesize\/mobile-my-subjects-illustration.43ba37f07d.png)\n\n- [National 5](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/levels\/z6gw2hv)\n# China's political systemWhat are human rights in China?\nChina is the world's third largest country by area. One in every five people in the world (1.4 billion) live in China. Until overtaken by India in 2023, it was the most populated country on Earth. It is a one-party Communist state. China is changing rapidly and faces a number of political challenges.\n\nPart of [Modern Studies](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/subjects\/zxsnb9q)[World power: China](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/topics\/z4jqtfr)\n\nSave to My Bitesize\n\nSave to My Bitesize\n\nSaving\n\nSaved\n\nRemoving\n\nRemove from My Bitesize\n\nclose panel\n\n## In this guide\n1. [Revise](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/guides\/z9yfrdm\/revision\/1)\n2. [Test](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/guides\/z9yfrdm\/test)\n\n## Pages\n1. [Introduction to China](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/guides\/z9yfrdm\/revision\/1)\n2. [What type of government does China have?](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/guides\/z9yfrdm\/revision\/2)\n3. [What is the role of democracy in China?](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/guides\/z9yfrdm\/revision\/3)\n4. [Is there any opposition to the CCP?](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/guides\/z9yfrdm\/revision\/4)\n5. [What are the political problems for the CCP?](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/guides\/z9yfrdm\/revision\/5)\n6. [What are human rights in China?](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/guides\/z9yfrdm\/revision\/6)\n7. [Further criticism of China's human rights record](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/guides\/z9yfrdm\/revision\/7)\n\n## What are human rights in China?\nAlthough there is some evidence that the Chinese government has improved the rights of their people in a few areas, human rights groups such as Asia Watch and Amnesty International claim the rights of people in China are frequently abused.\n\n### Chinese criminal justice system\nUnlike in the UK, the human rights of people accused of a crime in China are not protected by law.\n\n#### Arrest and imprisonment\n![Women prisoners carry dining utensils at a prison in Beijing, China](https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480xn\/p05v5tl0.jpg)\n\nFigure caption,\n\nWomen prisoners carry dining utensils at a prison in Beijing, China\n\nIn China, people suspected of a crime are often arrested for long periods of time without appearing for trial. Those under arrest are often denied a lawyer or family visits and may be beaten to obtain a confession.\n\nHuman rights groups estimate that tens of thousands of people in China are currently being held without trial. Punishment in China is severe. A minor theft can carry a sentence of five years in prison.\n\n#### Court trials\nCourt trials in China can be held in secret. The accused may be denied a lawyer and is not always allowed to speak in their own defence. Once the prosecution has made their case the judge makes a decision. There is little opportunity for an appeal, although the Chinese government have made promises to improve the way court trials work.\n\n#### Death penalty\nIn China, there are 55 crimes that carry the death penalty. These include embezzlement and robbery.\n\nIn recent years it is believed that China has executed more people than the rest of the world put together. The number of executions per year is a state secret. Amnesty International believes the figure annually could be several thousand.\n\nRecently, the number of crimes punishable by death fell from 68 to 55. Crimes that no longer carry the death penalty include minor theft and fraud.\n\nFew people are now put to death for non-violent crime. Also, young people under the ages of 18 at the time of an offence can no longer be given the death penalty. All death penalty cases are subject to review.\n\n#### Re-education camps\nThe Chinese government has insisted the ‘re-education camps’ in Xinjiang in the far western region are voluntary facilities for re-education from extremism. An investigation by the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists in 2019, uncovered that these were in fact high security prison camps, focusing on systematic brainwashing of inmates, the majority of whom are from the Muslim Uyghur community.\n\nThe investigation discovered that detainees were subjected to strict monitoring, discipline and punishment of behavioural violations and constant video surveillance, with the aim of transforming beliefs, behaviours, and language.\n\nIt also found the Chinese government were analysing personal data using a predictive policing programme. One document showed an investigation of 40,557 individuals using the phone data sharing app Zapya and anyone regarded as suspicious was to be detained.\n\nThe Chinese ambassador to the UK Liu Xiaoming responded. \"In total disregard of the facts, some people in the West have been fiercely slandering and smearing China over Xinjiang in an attempt to create an excuse to interfere in China's internal affairs, disrupt China's counter-terrorism efforts in Xinjiang and thwart China's steady development.\" (Source BBC: News)\n\n[BBC News: Data leak reveals how China brainwashes Uyghurs in prison camps](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-asia-china-50511063)\n\n[BBC News: Who are the Uyghurs and why is China being accused of genocide?](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037)\n\nIn 2022, the treatment of women in the ‘re-education camps’ was reported on by the BBC. Several ex-prisoners and a guard revealed accounts of rape, sexual abuse and torture.\n\n[Next pageFurther criticism of China's human rights record](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/guides\/z9yfrdm\/revision\/7)\n\n[Previous pageWhat are the political problems for the CCP?](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/guides\/z9yfrdm\/revision\/5)\n\n## More guides on this topic\n- [Social and economic issues](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/guides\/z9c9qty\/revision\/1)\n\n## Related links\n- [BBC News: Politics](http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/politics\/)\n- [BBC News: Business](http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/business\/)\n- [BBC Democracy Live](http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/democracylive\/bbc_parliament\/)\n- [SQA National 5 Modern Studies](http:\/\/www.sqa.org.uk\/sqa\/47448.html)\n- [Scottish Government](http:\/\/www.scotland.gov.uk\/)\n- [Scottish Parliament](http:\/\/www.scottish.parliament.uk\/visitandlearn\/Education\/15385.aspx)\n\nLanguage:\n\n- [Home](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/)\n- [News](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news)\n- [Sport](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/sport)\n- [Earth](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/earth)\n- [Reel](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/reel)\n- [Worklife](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/worklife)\n- [Travel](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/travel)\n- [Culture](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/culture)\n- [Future](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future)\n- [Music](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/culture\/music)\n- [TV](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/schedules\/p00fzl9m)\n- [Weather](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/weather)\n- [Sounds](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/sounds)\n\n- [Terms of Use](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/usingthebbc\/terms)\n- [About the BBC](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/aboutthebbc)\n- [Privacy Policy](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/usingthebbc\/privacy)\n- [Cookies](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/usingthebbc\/cookies)\n- [Accessibility Help](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/accessibility)\n- [Parental Guidance](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/iplayer\/guidance)\n- [Contact the BBC](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/contact)\n- [BBC emails for you](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bbcnewsletter)\n- [Advertise with us](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/advertisingcontact\/)\n\nCopyright © 2026 BBC. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. [Read about our approach to external linking.](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/editorialguidelines\/guidance\/feeds-and-links)","attrs_readable_markdown":"What are human rights in China?\n\nAlthough there is some evidence that the Chinese government has improved the rights of their people in a few areas, human rights groups such as Asia Watch and Amnesty International claim the rights of people in China are frequently abused.\n\nChinese criminal justice system\n\nUnlike in the UK, the human rights of people accused of a crime in China are not protected by law.\n\nArrest and imprisonment\n\n![Women prisoners carry dining utensils at a prison in Beijing, China](https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480xn\/p05v5tl0.jpg)\n\nFigure caption,\n\nWomen prisoners carry dining utensils at a prison in Beijing, China\n\nIn China, people suspected of a crime are often arrested for long periods of time without appearing for trial. Those under arrest are often denied a lawyer or family visits and may be beaten to obtain a confession.\n\nHuman rights groups estimate that tens of thousands of people in China are currently being held without trial. Punishment in China is severe. A minor theft can carry a sentence of five years in prison.\n\nCourt trials\n\nCourt trials in China can be held in secret. The accused may be denied a lawyer and is not always allowed to speak in their own defence. Once the prosecution has made their case the judge makes a decision. There is little opportunity for an appeal, although the Chinese government have made promises to improve the way court trials work.\n\nDeath penalty\n\nIn China, there are 55 crimes that carry the death penalty. These include embezzlement and robbery.\n\nIn recent years it is believed that China has executed more people than the rest of the world put together. The number of executions per year is a state secret. Amnesty International believes the figure annually could be several thousand.\n\nRecently, the number of crimes punishable by death fell from 68 to 55. Crimes that no longer carry the death penalty include minor theft and fraud.\n\nFew people are now put to death for non-violent crime. Also, young people under the ages of 18 at the time of an offence can no longer be given the death penalty. All death penalty cases are subject to review.\n\nRe-education camps\n\nThe Chinese government has insisted the ‘re-education camps’ in Xinjiang in the far western region are voluntary facilities for re-education from extremism. An investigation by the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists in 2019, uncovered that these were in fact high security prison camps, focusing on systematic brainwashing of inmates, the majority of whom are from the Muslim Uyghur community.\n\nThe investigation discovered that detainees were subjected to strict monitoring, discipline and punishment of behavioural violations and constant video surveillance, with the aim of transforming beliefs, behaviours, and language.\n\nIt also found the Chinese government were analysing personal data using a predictive policing programme. One document showed an investigation of 40,557 individuals using the phone data sharing app Zapya and anyone regarded as suspicious was to be detained.\n\nThe Chinese ambassador to the UK Liu Xiaoming responded. \"In total disregard of the facts, some people in the West have been fiercely slandering and smearing China over Xinjiang in an attempt to create an excuse to interfere in China's internal affairs, disrupt China's counter-terrorism efforts in Xinjiang and thwart China's steady development.\" (Source BBC: News)\n\nIn 2022, the treatment of women in the ‘re-education camps’ was reported on by the BBC. Several ex-prisoners and a guard revealed accounts of rape, sexual abuse and torture.","meta_canonical":null,"ml_categories_json":"","ml_types_json":"","ml_intent_types_json":"","meta_language":"en-gb","attrs_author":null,"attrs_publish_time":0,"attrs_original_publish_time":0,"attrs_is_republished":0,"attrs_nr_words":"1030","attrs_boilerpipe_nr_words":"559","body_ext_links_number":25,"body_int_links_number":87,"meta_nofollow":0,"meta_noarchive":0,"props_was_rendered":0,"src_redirect":"","download_time_msec":276,"download_ttfb_msec":219,"download_size":50426}

3. Robots.txt Check

Query:

Response:

4. Spam/Ban Check

Query:

Response:

5. Seen Status Check

ℹ️ Skipped - page is already crawled

📄

INDEXABLE

✅

CRAWLED

1 month ago

🚫

ROBOTS BLOCKED

Page Info Filters

Filter	Status	Condition	Details
HTTP status	PASS	`download_http_code = 200`	HTTP 200
Age cutoff	PASS	`download_stamp > now() - 6 MONTH`	1.1 months ago
History drop	PASS	`isNull(history_drop_reason)`	No drop reason
Spam/ban	PASS	`fh_dont_index != 1 AND ml_spam_score = 0`	ml_spam_score=0
Canonical	PASS	`meta_canonical IS NULL OR = '' OR = src_unparsed`	Not set

Page Details

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URL	https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z9yfrdm/revision/6
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Meta Title	What are human rights in China? - China's political system - National 5 Modern Studies Revision - BBC Bitesize
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Boilerpipe Text	What are human rights in China? Although there is some evidence that the Chinese government has improved the rights of their people in a few areas, human rights groups such as Asia Watch and Amnesty International claim the rights of people in China are frequently abused. Chinese criminal justice system Unlike in the UK, the human rights of people accused of a crime in China are not protected by law. Arrest and imprisonment Figure caption, Women prisoners carry dining utensils at a prison in Beijing, China In China, people suspected of a crime are often arrested for long periods of time without appearing for trial. Those under arrest are often denied a lawyer or family visits and may be beaten to obtain a confession. Human rights groups estimate that tens of thousands of people in China are currently being held without trial. Punishment in China is severe. A minor theft can carry a sentence of five years in prison. Court trials Court trials in China can be held in secret. The accused may be denied a lawyer and is not always allowed to speak in their own defence. Once the prosecution has made their case the judge makes a decision. There is little opportunity for an appeal, although the Chinese government have made promises to improve the way court trials work. Death penalty In China, there are 55 crimes that carry the death penalty. These include embezzlement and robbery. In recent years it is believed that China has executed more people than the rest of the world put together. The number of executions per year is a state secret. Amnesty International believes the figure annually could be several thousand. Recently, the number of crimes punishable by death fell from 68 to 55. Crimes that no longer carry the death penalty include minor theft and fraud. Few people are now put to death for non-violent crime. Also, young people under the ages of 18 at the time of an offence can no longer be given the death penalty. All death penalty cases are subject to review. Re-education camps The Chinese government has insisted the ‘re-education camps’ in Xinjiang in the far western region are voluntary facilities for re-education from extremism. An investigation by the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists in 2019, uncovered that these were in fact high security prison camps, focusing on systematic brainwashing of inmates, the majority of whom are from the Muslim Uyghur community. The investigation discovered that detainees were subjected to strict monitoring, discipline and punishment of behavioural violations and constant video surveillance, with the aim of transforming beliefs, behaviours, and language. It also found the Chinese government were analysing personal data using a predictive policing programme. One document showed an investigation of 40,557 individuals using the phone data sharing app Zapya and anyone regarded as suspicious was to be detained. The Chinese ambassador to the UK Liu Xiaoming responded. "In total disregard of the facts, some people in the West have been fiercely slandering and smearing China over Xinjiang in an attempt to create an excuse to interfere in China's internal affairs, disrupt China's counter-terrorism efforts in Xinjiang and thwart China's steady development." (Source BBC: News) In 2022, the treatment of women in the ‘re-education camps’ was reported on by the BBC. Several ex-prisoners and a guard revealed accounts of rape, sexual abuse and torture.
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Add your subjects to find the right study guides, track progress and keep everything in one place. [Add my subjects](https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/my) Remind me later ![My Subjects](https://static.files.bbci.co.uk/core/website/assets/static/bitesize/mobile-my-subjects-illustration.43ba37f07d.png) - [National 5](https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/levels/z6gw2hv) # China's political systemWhat are human rights in China? China is the world's third largest country by area. One in every five people in the world (1.4 billion) live in China. Until overtaken by India in 2023, it was the most populated country on Earth. It is a one-party Communist state. China is changing rapidly and faces a number of political challenges. Part of [Modern Studies](https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/subjects/zxsnb9q)[World power: China](https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/z4jqtfr) Save to My Bitesize Save to My Bitesize Saving Saved Removing Remove from My Bitesize close panel ## In this guide 1. [Revise](https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z9yfrdm/revision/1) 2. [Test](https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z9yfrdm/test) ## Pages 1. [Introduction to China](https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z9yfrdm/revision/1) 2. [What type of government does China have?](https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z9yfrdm/revision/2) 3. [What is the role of democracy in China?](https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z9yfrdm/revision/3) 4. [Is there any opposition to the CCP?](https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z9yfrdm/revision/4) 5. [What are the political problems for the CCP?](https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z9yfrdm/revision/5) 6. [What are human rights in China?](https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z9yfrdm/revision/6) 7. [Further criticism of China's human rights record](https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z9yfrdm/revision/7) ## What are human rights in China? Although there is some evidence that the Chinese government has improved the rights of their people in a few areas, human rights groups such as Asia Watch and Amnesty International claim the rights of people in China are frequently abused. ### Chinese criminal justice system Unlike in the UK, the human rights of people accused of a crime in China are not protected by law. #### Arrest and imprisonment ![Women prisoners carry dining utensils at a prison in Beijing, China](https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p05v5tl0.jpg) Figure caption, Women prisoners carry dining utensils at a prison in Beijing, China In China, people suspected of a crime are often arrested for long periods of time without appearing for trial. Those under arrest are often denied a lawyer or family visits and may be beaten to obtain a confession. Human rights groups estimate that tens of thousands of people in China are currently being held without trial. Punishment in China is severe. A minor theft can carry a sentence of five years in prison. #### Court trials Court trials in China can be held in secret. The accused may be denied a lawyer and is not always allowed to speak in their own defence. Once the prosecution has made their case the judge makes a decision. There is little opportunity for an appeal, although the Chinese government have made promises to improve the way court trials work. #### Death penalty In China, there are 55 crimes that carry the death penalty. These include embezzlement and robbery. In recent years it is believed that China has executed more people than the rest of the world put together. The number of executions per year is a state secret. Amnesty International believes the figure annually could be several thousand. Recently, the number of crimes punishable by death fell from 68 to 55. Crimes that no longer carry the death penalty include minor theft and fraud. Few people are now put to death for non-violent crime. Also, young people under the ages of 18 at the time of an offence can no longer be given the death penalty. All death penalty cases are subject to review. #### Re-education camps The Chinese government has insisted the ‘re-education camps’ in Xinjiang in the far western region are voluntary facilities for re-education from extremism. An investigation by the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists in 2019, uncovered that these were in fact high security prison camps, focusing on systematic brainwashing of inmates, the majority of whom are from the Muslim Uyghur community. The investigation discovered that detainees were subjected to strict monitoring, discipline and punishment of behavioural violations and constant video surveillance, with the aim of transforming beliefs, behaviours, and language. It also found the Chinese government were analysing personal data using a predictive policing programme. One document showed an investigation of 40,557 individuals using the phone data sharing app Zapya and anyone regarded as suspicious was to be detained. The Chinese ambassador to the UK Liu Xiaoming responded. "In total disregard of the facts, some people in the West have been fiercely slandering and smearing China over Xinjiang in an attempt to create an excuse to interfere in China's internal affairs, disrupt China's counter-terrorism efforts in Xinjiang and thwart China's steady development." (Source BBC: News) [BBC News: Data leak reveals how China brainwashes Uyghurs in prison camps](https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-china-50511063) [BBC News: Who are the Uyghurs and why is China being accused of genocide?](https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-china-22278037) In 2022, the treatment of women in the ‘re-education camps’ was reported on by the BBC. Several ex-prisoners and a guard revealed accounts of rape, sexual abuse and torture. 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Readable Markdown	What are human rights in China? Although there is some evidence that the Chinese government has improved the rights of their people in a few areas, human rights groups such as Asia Watch and Amnesty International claim the rights of people in China are frequently abused. Chinese criminal justice system Unlike in the UK, the human rights of people accused of a crime in China are not protected by law. Arrest and imprisonment ![Women prisoners carry dining utensils at a prison in Beijing, China](https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p05v5tl0.jpg) Figure caption, Women prisoners carry dining utensils at a prison in Beijing, China In China, people suspected of a crime are often arrested for long periods of time without appearing for trial. Those under arrest are often denied a lawyer or family visits and may be beaten to obtain a confession. Human rights groups estimate that tens of thousands of people in China are currently being held without trial. Punishment in China is severe. A minor theft can carry a sentence of five years in prison. Court trials Court trials in China can be held in secret. The accused may be denied a lawyer and is not always allowed to speak in their own defence. Once the prosecution has made their case the judge makes a decision. There is little opportunity for an appeal, although the Chinese government have made promises to improve the way court trials work. Death penalty In China, there are 55 crimes that carry the death penalty. These include embezzlement and robbery. In recent years it is believed that China has executed more people than the rest of the world put together. The number of executions per year is a state secret. Amnesty International believes the figure annually could be several thousand. Recently, the number of crimes punishable by death fell from 68 to 55. Crimes that no longer carry the death penalty include minor theft and fraud. Few people are now put to death for non-violent crime. Also, young people under the ages of 18 at the time of an offence can no longer be given the death penalty. All death penalty cases are subject to review. Re-education camps The Chinese government has insisted the ‘re-education camps’ in Xinjiang in the far western region are voluntary facilities for re-education from extremism. An investigation by the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists in 2019, uncovered that these were in fact high security prison camps, focusing on systematic brainwashing of inmates, the majority of whom are from the Muslim Uyghur community. The investigation discovered that detainees were subjected to strict monitoring, discipline and punishment of behavioural violations and constant video surveillance, with the aim of transforming beliefs, behaviours, and language. It also found the Chinese government were analysing personal data using a predictive policing programme. One document showed an investigation of 40,557 individuals using the phone data sharing app Zapya and anyone regarded as suspicious was to be detained. The Chinese ambassador to the UK Liu Xiaoming responded. "In total disregard of the facts, some people in the West have been fiercely slandering and smearing China over Xinjiang in an attempt to create an excuse to interfere in China's internal affairs, disrupt China's counter-terrorism efforts in Xinjiang and thwart China's steady development." (Source BBC: News) In 2022, the treatment of women in the ‘re-education camps’ was reported on by the BBC. Several ex-prisoners and a guard revealed accounts of rape, sexual abuse and torture.
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