🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 25 (from laksa091)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa025.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.bankofcanada.ca/rates/exchange/annual-average-exchange-rates/\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.bankofcanada.ca/rates/exchange/annual-average-exchange-rates/\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/rates\/exchange\/annual-average-exchange-rates\/","crawl_time":1776275949,"first_indexed_time":1514866648,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"ca,bankofcanada!www,\/rates\/exchange\/annual-average-exchange-rates\/ s443","src_root_hash":"13779816915176807025","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Annual exchange rates - Bank of Canada","meta_descriptions":[],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Currency\n2021\n2022\n2023\n2024\n2025\nAustralian dollar\n0.9420\n0.9034\n0.8967\n0.9035\n0.9009\nBrazilian real\n0.2325\n0.2525\n0.2704\n0.2553\n0.2503\nChinese renminbi\n0.1943\n0.1935\n0.1907\n0.1903\n0.1944\nEuropean euro\n1.4828\n1.3696\n1.4597\n1.4818\n1.5782\nHong Kong dollar\n0.1613\n0.1662\n0.1724\n0.1755\n0.1793\nIndian rupee\n0.01696\n0.01656\n0.01635\n0.01637\n0.01605\nIndonesian rupiah\n0.000088\n0.000088\n0.000089\n0.000086\n0.000085\nJapanese yen\n0.01142\n0.009940\n0.009630\n0.009050\n0.009350\nMexican peso\n0.06181\n0.06472\n0.07618\n0.07520\n0.07284\nNew Zealand dollar\n0.8867\n0.8267\n0.8287\n0.8286\n0.8132\nNorwegian krone\n0.1459\n0.1357\n0.1278\n0.1274\n0.1347\nPeruvian new sol\n0.3235\n0.3394\n0.3606\n0.3650\n0.3921\nRussian ruble\n0.01701\n0.01937\n0.01600\n0.01479\n0.01677\nSaudi riyal\n0.3342\n0.3465\n0.3597\n0.3650\n0.3726\nSingapore dollar\n0.9329\n0.9438\n1.0051\n1.0250\n1.0694\nSouth African rand\n0.08485\n0.07974\n0.07323\n0.07477\n0.07822\nSouth Korean won\n0.001096\n0.001009\n0.001033\n0.001005\n0.000983\nSwedish krona\n0.1462\n0.1289\n0.1273\n0.1296\n0.1427\nSwiss franc\n1.3713\n1.3629\n1.5024\n1.5558\n1.6846\nTaiwanese dollar\n0.04487\n0.04371\n0.04334\n0.04266\n0.04490\nTurkish lira\n0.1450\n0.07940\n0.05860\n0.04180\n0.03550\nUK pound sterling\n1.7246\n1.6076\n1.6784\n1.7504\n1.8420\nUS dollar\n1.2535\n1.3013\n1.3497\n1.3698\n1.3978","attrs_markdown":"[Skip to content](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/rates\/exchange\/annual-average-exchange-rates\/#main-content)\n\n[FR](https:\/\/www.banqueducanada.ca\/taux\/taux-de-change\/taux-de-change-moyens-annuels\/?theme_mode=light)\n\nChange theme\n\nChange theme\n\n- [About us](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/about\/)\n  ## [About us](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/about\/)\n  - [What we do](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/about\/)\n  - [Our offices](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/about\/our-offices\/)\n  - [Our vision](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/about\/our-vision-our-values-our-promise\/)\n  - [History](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/about\/our-history\/)\n  - [Contact us](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/about\/contact-information\/)\n  ### Corporate governance\n  - [Board of Directors](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/about\/board-of-directors\/)\n  - [Our leadership](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/about\/governing-council\/)\n  - [Governance documents](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/about\/governance-documents\/)\n  \n  ![](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Accessibility_callout-2x1-1-500x250.jpg)\n  \n  [Accessibility](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/accessibility\/ \"Accessibility\")\n  \n  A plan that shares how the Bank strives to be accessible to everyone\n  \n  ![](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/rap-carousel-500x250.jpg)\n  \n  [Reconciliation Action Plan](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/about\/governance-documents\/reconciliation-action-plan\/ \"Reconciliation Action Plan\")\n  \n  A plan to guide the Bank along its Reconciliation journey\n- [The Bank and you](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/the-bank-and-you\/)\n  ## [The Bank and you](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/the-bank-and-you\/)\n  - [Engaging with Canadians](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/the-bank-and-you\/engaging-with-canadians\/)\n  - [Promoting economic literacy and education](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/the-bank-and-you\/promoting-economic-literacy-and-education\/)\n  \n  ### [Educational resources](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/about\/educational-resources\/)\n  - [The Economy, Plain and Simple](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/publications\/the-economy-plain-and-simple\/)\n  - [Explainers](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/about\/educational-resources\/explainers\/)\n  - [Financial education resources](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/about\/educational-resources\/financial-education-resources\/)\n  - [Background materials](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/about\/background-materials\/)\n  \n  ![](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/museum-feature-500x250.jpg)\n  \n  [Bank of Canada Museum](https:\/\/www.bankofcanadamuseum.ca\/ \"Bank of Canada Museum\")\n  \n  Expand your understanding of spending and saving, discover your place in the economy and explore a world-class currency collection.\n  \n  ![](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Central-bank_callout-2x1-1-500x250.jpg)\n  \n  [What is a central bank?](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/2024\/12\/what-is-a-central-bank\/ \"What is a central bank?\")\n  \n  A central bank works to promote a country’s economic stability and its citizens’ financial well-being.\n- [Careers](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/careers\/)\n  ## [Careers](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/careers\/)\n  - [Work at the Bank](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/careers\/working-here\/)\n  - [Scholarship awards](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/careers\/scholarship-awards\/)\n  - [Students and recent grads](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/careers\/students\/)\n  \n  ![](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/top100-2026_transparent_en.svg)\n  \n  ![Two people smiling at the camera: a middle-aged man wearing glasses with fair skin and light brown hair that is grey on the sides, and a woman with medium skin and long curly dark hair.](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Careers_callout-500x250.png)\n  \n  [Work at the Bank](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/careers\/working-here\/ \"Work at the Bank\")\n  \n  Level up your career with us.\n\n[Home](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/)\n\nToggle navigation\n\n[FR](https:\/\/www.banqueducanada.ca\/taux\/taux-de-change\/taux-de-change-moyens-annuels\/?theme_mode=light)\n\nToggle Search\n\nChange theme\n\nChange theme\n\n- [About us](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/about\/)\n  ## [About us](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/about\/)\n  - [What we do](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/about\/)\n  - [Our offices](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/about\/our-offices\/)\n  - [Our vision](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/about\/our-vision-our-values-our-promise\/)\n  - [History](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/about\/our-history\/)\n  - [Contact us](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/about\/contact-information\/)\n  ### Corporate governance\n  - [Board of Directors](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/about\/board-of-directors\/)\n  - [Our leadership](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/about\/governing-council\/)\n  - [Governance documents](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/about\/governance-documents\/)\n  \n  ![](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Accessibility_callout-2x1-1-500x250.jpg)\n  \n  [Accessibility](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/accessibility\/ \"Accessibility\")\n  \n  A plan that shares how the Bank strives to be accessible to everyone\n  \n  ![](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/rap-carousel-500x250.jpg)\n  \n  [Reconciliation Action Plan](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/about\/governance-documents\/reconciliation-action-plan\/ \"Reconciliation Action Plan\")\n  \n  A plan to guide the Bank along its Reconciliation journey\n- [The Bank and you](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/the-bank-and-you\/)\n  ## [The Bank and you](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/the-bank-and-you\/)\n  - [Engaging with Canadians](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/the-bank-and-you\/engaging-with-canadians\/)\n  - [Promoting economic literacy and education](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/the-bank-and-you\/promoting-economic-literacy-and-education\/)\n  \n  ### [Educational resources](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/about\/educational-resources\/)\n  - [The Economy, Plain and Simple](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/publications\/the-economy-plain-and-simple\/)\n  - [Explainers](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/about\/educational-resources\/explainers\/)\n  - [Financial education resources](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/about\/educational-resources\/financial-education-resources\/)\n  - [Background materials](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/about\/background-materials\/)\n  \n  ![](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/museum-feature-500x250.jpg)\n  \n  [Bank of Canada Museum](https:\/\/www.bankofcanadamuseum.ca\/ \"Bank of Canada Museum\")\n  \n  Expand your understanding of spending and saving, discover your place in the economy and explore a world-class currency collection.\n  \n  ![](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Central-bank_callout-2x1-1-500x250.jpg)\n  \n  [What is a central bank?](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/2024\/12\/what-is-a-central-bank\/ \"What is a central bank?\")\n  \n  A central bank works to promote a country’s economic stability and its citizens’ financial well-being.\n- [Careers](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/careers\/)\n  ## [Careers](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/careers\/)\n  - [Work at the Bank](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/careers\/working-here\/)\n  - [Scholarship awards](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/careers\/scholarship-awards\/)\n  - [Students and recent grads](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/careers\/students\/)\n  \n  ![](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/top100-2026_transparent_en.svg)\n  \n  ![Two people smiling at the camera: a middle-aged man wearing glasses with fair skin and light brown hair that is grey on the sides, and a woman with medium skin and long curly dark hair.](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Careers_callout-500x250.png)\n  \n  [Work at the Bank](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/careers\/working-here\/ \"Work at the Bank\")\n  \n  Level up your career with us.\n\n- [Core functions](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/core-functions\/)\n  ## [Core functions](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/core-functions\/)\n  - [Monetary policy](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/core-functions\/monetary-policy\/)\n  - [Financial system](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/core-functions\/financial-system\/)\n  - [Currency](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/core-functions\/currency\/)\n  - [Funds management](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/core-functions\/funds-management\/)\n  - [Retail payments supervision](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/core-functions\/retail-payments-supervision\/)\n  \n  ## Featured\n  - [Policy interest rate](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/core-functions\/monetary-policy\/key-interest-rate\/)\n  - [Unclaimed Properties Office](https:\/\/www.unclaimedproperties.bankofcanada.ca\/)\n  \n  ![](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/framework-renewal-callout.jpg)\n  \n  [Renewing Canada’s monetary policy framework](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/core-functions\/monetary-policy\/renewing-canadas-monetary-policy-framework\/ \"Renewing Canada’s monetary policy framework\")\n  \n  Every five years, the Bank of Canada and the Government of Canada review and renew the agreement on Canada’s monetary policy framework.\n  \n  ![](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/RPS_feature-500x250.jpg)\n  \n  [Retail payments supervision](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/core-functions\/retail-payments-supervision\/ \"Retail payments supervision\")\n  \n  We supervise payment service providers under the *Retail Payment Activities Act*. We make sure providers meet risk management requirements and keep your funds safe.\n- [Markets](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/markets\/)\n  ## [Markets](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/markets\/)\n  - [About financial markets](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/markets\/about-financial-markets\/)\n  - [Market operations indicators](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/rates\/indicators\/market-operations-indicators\/)\n  - [Market operations and liquidity provision](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/markets\/market-operations-liquidity-provision\/)\n  - [Canadian Foreign Exchange Committee](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/markets\/canadian-foreign-exchange-committee\/)\n  - [Canadian Fixed-Income Forum](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/markets\/canadian-fixed-income-forum\/)\n  - [Collateral Infrastructure and Market Practices Advisory Group](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/markets\/collateral-and-infrastructure-market-practices-advisory-group\/)\n  - [CORRA Advisory Group](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/markets\/canadian-fixed-income-forum\/corra-advisory-group\/)\n  \n  ## [Government securities auctions](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/markets\/government-securities-auctions\/)\n  - [Schedules and results](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/markets\/government-securities-auctions\/#sched)\n  - [Rules and terms](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/markets\/government-securities-auctions\/#rules)\n  - [Forms and certificates](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/markets\/government-securities-auctions\/#forms)\n  - [Data](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/markets\/government-securities-auctions\/#data)\n  - [Definitions and formulas](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/markets\/government-securities-auctions\/#def)\n  \n  [Canada Mortgage Bonds](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/markets\/canada-mortgage-bonds-government-purchases-and-holdings\/ \"Canada Mortgage Bonds\")\n  \n  View the latest data on the Government of Canada's purchases and holdings of Canadian Mortgage Bonds.\n  \n  ## [Market notices](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/markets\/market-notices\/?content_type%5B%5D=388)\n  - April 8, 2026 [Spring 2026 Debt Management Strategy Consultations](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/2026\/04\/spring-2026-debt-management-strategy-consultations\/)\n  - March 25, 2026 [Bank of Canada Resumes Market Operations](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/2026\/03\/bank-of-canada-resumes-market-operations\/)\n  - March 24, 2026 [Bank of Canada Delays Market Operations](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/2026\/03\/bank-of-canada-delays-market-operations\/)\n- [Bank notes](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/banknotes\/)\n  ## [Bank notes](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/banknotes\/)\n  - [All about bank notes](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/banknotes\/)\n  - [Backgrounders and explainers](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/banknotes\/bank-notes-backgrounders-explainers\/)\n  - [Bank notes past and present](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/banknotes\/bank-note-series\/)\n  - [Bank Note Redemption Service](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/banknotes\/bank-note-redemption-service\/)\n  - [Counterfeit prevention](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/banknotes\/counterfeit-prevention\/)\n  - [Multimedia](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/banknotes\/bank-notes-multimedia\/)\n  - [Principles of design](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/banknotes\/principles-bank-note-design\/)\n  - [Research and reports](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/banknotes\/bank-notes-research-reports\/)\n  - [Training and education](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/banknotes\/audience-specific-resources\/)\n  \n  ![](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Mega-menu_currency-1-1-500x250.jpg)\n  \n  [Counterfeit prevention](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/banknotes\/counterfeit-prevention\/ \"Counterfeit prevention\")\n  \n  Feel, look, tilt and flip! Learn how to check your bank notes and protect yourself from fraud.\n  \n  ![](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/v20-promo-1920x960-1-500x250-1714655823.jpg)\n  \n  [Our next \\$20 bank note](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/banknotes\/bank-note-series\/vertical-series\/our-next-20-bank-note\/ \"Our next $20 bank note\")\n  \n  We’ve started the design process for the new \\$20 bank note featuring His Majesty King Charles III. See more about the new note and our design process.\n- [Publications](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/publications\/)\n  ## [Publications](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/publications\/)\n  - [**All publications**](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/publications\/browse\/)\n  - [Annual Report](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/publications\/annual-reports-quarterly-financial-reports\/?content_type[]=628&content_type[]=22322)\n  - [The Economy, Plain and Simple](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/publications\/the-economy-plain-and-simple\/)\n  - [Financial Stability Report](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/publications\/financial-stability-report\/)\n  - [Monetary Policy Report](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/publications\/mpr\/)\n  - [Quarterly Financial Report](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/publications\/annual-reports-quarterly-financial-reports\/?content_type[]=19359)\n  - [Summary of deliberations](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/publications\/summary-governing-council-deliberations\/)\n  ### Economic survey results\n  - [Business Outlook Survey](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/publications\/bos\/)\n  - [Canadian Survey of Consumer Expectations](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/publications\/canadian-survey-of-consumer-expectations\/)\n  - [Financial System Survey](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/publications\/financial-system-survey\/)\n  - [Market Participants Survey](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/publications\/market-participants-survey\/)\n  - [Senior Loan Officer Survey](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/publications\/slos\/)\n  \n  ![](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/MPR-thumbnail_January-500x250-1741824854.jpg)\n  \n  [Monetary Policy Report—January 2026](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/publications\/mpr\/mpr-2026-01-28\/ \"Monetary Policy Report—January 2026\")\n  \n  The Canadian economy continues to adjust to US tariffs and the new global trade landscape. This adjustment will take time and growth is expected to be modest. Inflation is projected to remain near the 2% target.\n  \n  ![](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Sparks-at-Bank-When-parents-co%E2%80%91sign-a-mortgage-to-help-their-adult-children-buy-their-first-home-500x250.jpg)\n  \n  [When parents co‑sign a mortgage to help their adult children buy their first home](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/2026\/04\/sparks-at-bank-article-2026-11\/ \"When parents co‑sign a mortgage to help their adult children buy their first home\")\n  \n  Rising housing costs are leading to an increasing share of first-time homebuyers seeking financial support from their parents. Specifically, Canada has experienced a noticeable rise in instances of parents co-signing mortgages with their adult children. This practice allows buyers to purchase more expensive homes—but it can also make both parties vulnerable to financial disruptions.\n- [Research](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/research\/)\n  ## [Research](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/research\/)\n  ### [Key research themes](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/research\/#key-research-themes)\n  - [Monetary policy](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/research\/monetary-policy\/)\n  - [Structural challenges](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/research\/structural-challenges\/)\n  - [Financial markets](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/research\/financial-markets\/)\n  - [Financial system](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/research\/financial-system\/)\n  - [Money and payments](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/research\/money-and-payments\/)\n  ### [Engaging with the research community](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/research\/engaging-with-the-research-community\/)\n  \n  ### [Our research](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/research\/browse\/)\n  - [Sparks at Bank articles](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/research\/sparks-at-bank\/)\n  - [Staff analytical papers](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/research\/staff-analytical-papers\/)\n  - [Staff working papers](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/research\/working-papers\/)\n  - [External publications](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/research\/research-newsletters\/)\n  ### [Our researchers](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/research\/#people)\n  \n  ![](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Sparks-at-Bank-When-parents-co%E2%80%91sign-a-mortgage-to-help-their-adult-children-buy-their-first-home-500x250.jpg)\n  \n  [When parents co‑sign a mortgage to help their adult children buy their first home](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/2026\/04\/sparks-at-bank-article-2026-11\/ \"When parents co‑sign a mortgage to help their adult children buy their first home\")\n  \n  Rising housing costs are leading to an increasing share of first-time homebuyers seeking financial support from their parents. Specifically, Canada has experienced a noticeable rise in instances of parents co-signing mortgages with their adult children. This practice allows buyers to purchase more expensive homes—but it can also make both parties vulnerable to financial disruptions.\n- [Press](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/press\/)\n  ## [Press](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/press\/)\n  - [**All press content**](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/press\/browse\/)\n  - [Announcements](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/press\/announcements\/)\n  - [Media advisories](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/press\/media-advisories\/)\n  - [Press releases](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/press\/press-releases\/)\n  - [Selected media activities](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/press\/selected-media-activities\/)\n  - [Speeches and appearances](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/press\/speeches\/)\n  - [Upcoming events](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/press\/upcoming-events\/)\n  - [Webcasts](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/press\/speeches\/webcasts\/)\n  \n  ## Info\n  - [Media contacts](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/press\/contacts\/)\n  - [Blackout guidelines](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/core-functions\/monetary-policy\/key-interest-rate\/blackout-guidelines\/)\n  - [Principles for external communication](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/about\/governance-documents\/principles-external-communication-members-governing-council\/)\n  \n  ## [News](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/news\/?utility%5B%5D=790)\n  April 1, 2026\n  \n  ##### [Summary of Governing Council deliberations: Fixed announcement date of March 18, 2026](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/2026\/04\/summary-governing-council-deliberations-fixed-announcement-date-of-march-18-2026\/)\n  \n  March 26, 2026\n  \n  ##### [An anchor of stability in uncertain times](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/2026\/03\/an-anchor-of-stability-in-uncertain-times\/)\n  \n  March 23, 2026\n  \n  ##### [Changes to Bank of Canada Governing Council](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/2026\/03\/changes-bank-of-canada-governing-council\/)\n  \n  March 18, 2026\n  \n  ##### [Bank of Canada maintains policy rate at 2¼%](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/2026\/03\/fad-press-release-2026-03-18\/)\n  \n  ![](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/SDG-Brandon-1-1-500x250.jpg)\n  \n  ![](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/wp-content\/themes\/parent-build\/images\/play-button.png)\n  \n  [Speech: Brandon Chamber of Commerce](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/multimedia\/speech-brandon-chamber-of-commerce-2026-03-26\/ \"Speech: Brandon Chamber of Commerce\")\n  \n  *Economic developments, monetary policy and affordability*  — Senior Deputy Governor Carolyn Rogers speaks before the Brandon Chamber of Commerce (13:25 (ET) approx.).\n- [Statistics](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/rates\/)\n  ## [Statistics](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/rates\/)\n  - [Daily Digest](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/rates\/daily-digest\/)\n  - [Exchange rates](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/rates\/exchange\/)\n  - [Interest rates](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/rates\/interest-rates\/)\n  - [Price indexes](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/rates\/price-indexes\/)\n  - [Indicators](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/rates\/indicators\/)\n  - [Banking and financial statistics](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/rates\/banking-and-financial-statistics\/)\n  \n  ## [Tools and resources](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/rates\/related\/)\n  - [Inflation Calculator](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/rates\/related\/inflation-calculator\/)\n  - [Investment Calculator](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/rates\/related\/investment-calculator\/)\n  - [Official International Reserves](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/rates\/related\/international-reserves\/)\n  - [Credit conditions](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/rates\/related\/credit-conditions\/)\n  \n  [Staff economic projections](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/rates\/staff-economic-projections\/ \"Staff economic projections\")\n  \n  These forecasts are provided to Governing Council in preparation for monetary policy decisions. They are released once a year with a five-year lag.\n\nSearch the site\n\nToggle Search\n\n- [Home](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/)\n- [Statistics](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/rates\/)\n- [Exchange rates](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/rates\/exchange\/)\n\n# Annual exchange rates\n[View](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/rates\/exchange\/annual-average-exchange-rates\/#table) and [download data](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/rates\/exchange\/annual-average-exchange-rates\/#download) for our annual rates.\n\nAll Bank of Canada exchange rates are indicative rates only, obtained from averages of aggregated price quotes from financial institutions. For details, please read our full [Terms and Conditions](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/terms\/#fx-rates).\n\nThe annual average exchange rates are published by 12:30 ET on the last business day of the year.\n\nExchange rates are expressed as 1 unit of the foreign currency converted into Canadian dollars.\n\nData Available as: [CSV](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/valet\/observations\/group\/FX_RATES_ANNUAL\/csv?start_date=2017-01-01), [JSON](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/valet\/observations\/group\/FX_RATES_ANNUAL\/json?start_date=2017-01-01) and [XML](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/valet\/observations\/group\/FX_RATES_ANNUAL\/xml?start_date=2017-01-01)\n\n| Currency | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n| Australian dollar | 0\\.9420 | 0\\.9034 | 0\\.8967 | 0\\.9035 | 0\\.9009 |\n| Brazilian real | 0\\.2325 | 0\\.2525 | 0\\.2704 | 0\\.2553 | 0\\.2503 |\n| Chinese renminbi | 0\\.1943 | 0\\.1935 | 0\\.1907 | 0\\.1903 | 0\\.1944 |\n| European euro | 1\\.4828 | 1\\.3696 | 1\\.4597 | 1\\.4818 | 1\\.5782 |\n| Hong Kong dollar | 0\\.1613 | 0\\.1662 | 0\\.1724 | 0\\.1755 | 0\\.1793 |\n| Indian rupee | 0\\.01696 | 0\\.01656 | 0\\.01635 | 0\\.01637 | 0\\.01605 |\n| Indonesian rupiah | 0\\.000088 | 0\\.000088 | 0\\.000089 | 0\\.000086 | 0\\.000085 |\n| Japanese yen | 0\\.01142 | 0\\.009940 | 0\\.009630 | 0\\.009050 | 0\\.009350 |\n| Mexican peso | 0\\.06181 | 0\\.06472 | 0\\.07618 | 0\\.07520 | 0\\.07284 |\n| New Zealand dollar | 0\\.8867 | 0\\.8267 | 0\\.8287 | 0\\.8286 | 0\\.8132 |\n| Norwegian krone | 0\\.1459 | 0\\.1357 | 0\\.1278 | 0\\.1274 | 0\\.1347 |\n| Peruvian new sol | 0\\.3235 | 0\\.3394 | 0\\.3606 | 0\\.3650 | 0\\.3921 |\n| Russian ruble | 0\\.01701 | 0\\.01937 | 0\\.01600 | 0\\.01479 | 0\\.01677 |\n| Saudi riyal | 0\\.3342 | 0\\.3465 | 0\\.3597 | 0\\.3650 | 0\\.3726 |\n| Singapore dollar | 0\\.9329 | 0\\.9438 | 1\\.0051 | 1\\.0250 | 1\\.0694 |\n| South African rand | 0\\.08485 | 0\\.07974 | 0\\.07323 | 0\\.07477 | 0\\.07822 |\n| South Korean won | 0\\.001096 | 0\\.001009 | 0\\.001033 | 0\\.001005 | 0\\.000983 |\n| Swedish krona | 0\\.1462 | 0\\.1289 | 0\\.1273 | 0\\.1296 | 0\\.1427 |\n| Swiss franc | 1\\.3713 | 1\\.3629 | 1\\.5024 | 1\\.5558 | 1\\.6846 |\n| Taiwanese dollar | 0\\.04487 | 0\\.04371 | 0\\.04334 | 0\\.04266 | 0\\.04490 |\n| Turkish lira | 0\\.1450 | 0\\.07940 | 0\\.05860 | 0\\.04180 | 0\\.03550 |\n| UK pound sterling | 1\\.7246 | 1\\.6076 | 1\\.6784 | 1\\.7504 | 1\\.8420 |\n| US dollar | 1\\.2535 | 1\\.3013 | 1\\.3497 | 1\\.3698 | 1\\.3978 |\n\n[Share this page on Facebook](https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bankofcanada.ca%2Frates%2Fexchange%2Fannual-average-exchange-rates%2F \"Share this page on Facebook\")\n\n[Share this page on X](https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?text=Currently+reading%3A&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bankofcanada.ca%2Frates%2Fexchange%2Fannual-average-exchange-rates%2F \"Share this page on X\")\n\n[Share this page on 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Office](https:\/\/www.unclaimedproperties.bankofcanada.ca\/)\n\n## Legal\n- [Terms of Use](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/terms\/)\n- [Privacy](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/privacy\/)\n- [Access to Information and Privacy (ATIP)](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/about\/contact-information\/atip\/)\n- [Info Source](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/about\/contact-information\/atip\/info-source\/)\n\n## Connect with us\n- [Contact information](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/about\/contact-information\/)\n- [Email alerts](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/email-alerts\/)\n- [RSS feeds](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/rss-feeds\/)\n- [Social media](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/about\/contact-information\/social-media\/)\n- [Valet API](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/valet\/)\n\nBack to top\n\nWe use [cookies](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/privacy\/website-privacy-practices\/) to help us keep improving this website.\n\n[Accept and continue](https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/privacy\/website-privacy-practices\/)","attrs_readable_markdown":"| Currency | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n| Australian dollar | 0\\.9420 | 0\\.9034 | 0\\.8967 | 0\\.9035 | 0\\.9009 |\n| Brazilian real | 0\\.2325 | 0\\.2525 | 0\\.2704 | 0\\.2553 | 0\\.2503 |\n| Chinese renminbi | 0\\.1943 | 0\\.1935 | 0\\.1907 | 0\\.1903 | 0\\.1944 |\n| European euro | 1\\.4828 | 1\\.3696 | 1\\.4597 | 1\\.4818 | 1\\.5782 |\n| Hong Kong dollar | 0\\.1613 | 0\\.1662 | 0\\.1724 | 0\\.1755 | 0\\.1793 |\n| Indian rupee | 0\\.01696 | 0\\.01656 | 0\\.01635 | 0\\.01637 | 0\\.01605 |\n| Indonesian rupiah | 0\\.000088 | 0\\.000088 | 0\\.000089 | 0\\.000086 | 0\\.000085 |\n| Japanese yen | 0\\.01142 | 0\\.009940 | 0\\.009630 | 0\\.009050 | 0\\.009350 |\n| Mexican peso | 0\\.06181 | 0\\.06472 | 0\\.07618 | 0\\.07520 | 0\\.07284 |\n| New Zealand dollar | 0\\.8867 | 0\\.8267 | 0\\.8287 | 0\\.8286 | 0\\.8132 |\n| Norwegian krone | 0\\.1459 | 0\\.1357 | 0\\.1278 | 0\\.1274 | 0\\.1347 |\n| Peruvian new sol | 0\\.3235 | 0\\.3394 | 0\\.3606 | 0\\.3650 | 0\\.3921 |\n| Russian ruble | 0\\.01701 | 0\\.01937 | 0\\.01600 | 0\\.01479 | 0\\.01677 |\n| Saudi riyal | 0\\.3342 | 0\\.3465 | 0\\.3597 | 0\\.3650 | 0\\.3726 |\n| Singapore dollar | 0\\.9329 | 0\\.9438 | 1\\.0051 | 1\\.0250 | 1\\.0694 |\n| South African rand | 0\\.08485 | 0\\.07974 | 0\\.07323 | 0\\.07477 | 0\\.07822 |\n| South Korean won | 0\\.001096 | 0\\.001009 | 0\\.001033 | 0\\.001005 | 0\\.000983 |\n| Swedish krona | 0\\.1462 | 0\\.1289 | 0\\.1273 | 0\\.1296 | 0\\.1427 |\n| Swiss franc | 1\\.3713 | 1\\.3629 | 1\\.5024 | 1\\.5558 | 1\\.6846 |\n| Taiwanese dollar | 0\\.04487 | 0\\.04371 | 0\\.04334 | 0\\.04266 | 0\\.04490 |\n| Turkish lira | 0\\.1450 | 0\\.07940 | 0\\.05860 | 0\\.04180 | 0\\.03550 |\n| UK pound sterling | 1\\.7246 | 1\\.6076 | 1\\.6784 | 1\\.7504 | 1\\.8420 |\n| US dollar | 1\\.2535 | 1\\.3013 | 1\\.3497 | 1\\.3698 | 1\\.3978 |","meta_canonical":null}

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Boilerpipe Text	Currency 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Australian dollar 0.9420 0.9034 0.8967 0.9035 0.9009 Brazilian real 0.2325 0.2525 0.2704 0.2553 0.2503 Chinese renminbi 0.1943 0.1935 0.1907 0.1903 0.1944 European euro 1.4828 1.3696 1.4597 1.4818 1.5782 Hong Kong dollar 0.1613 0.1662 0.1724 0.1755 0.1793 Indian rupee 0.01696 0.01656 0.01635 0.01637 0.01605 Indonesian rupiah 0.000088 0.000088 0.000089 0.000086 0.000085 Japanese yen 0.01142 0.009940 0.009630 0.009050 0.009350 Mexican peso 0.06181 0.06472 0.07618 0.07520 0.07284 New Zealand dollar 0.8867 0.8267 0.8287 0.8286 0.8132 Norwegian krone 0.1459 0.1357 0.1278 0.1274 0.1347 Peruvian new sol 0.3235 0.3394 0.3606 0.3650 0.3921 Russian ruble 0.01701 0.01937 0.01600 0.01479 0.01677 Saudi riyal 0.3342 0.3465 0.3597 0.3650 0.3726 Singapore dollar 0.9329 0.9438 1.0051 1.0250 1.0694 South African rand 0.08485 0.07974 0.07323 0.07477 0.07822 South Korean won 0.001096 0.001009 0.001033 0.001005 0.000983 Swedish krona 0.1462 0.1289 0.1273 0.1296 0.1427 Swiss franc 1.3713 1.3629 1.5024 1.5558 1.6846 Taiwanese dollar 0.04487 0.04371 0.04334 0.04266 0.04490 Turkish lira 0.1450 0.07940 0.05860 0.04180 0.03550 UK pound sterling 1.7246 1.6076 1.6784 1.7504 1.8420 US dollar 1.2535 1.3013 1.3497 1.3698 1.3978
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A central bank works to promote a country’s economic stability and its citizens’ financial well-being. - [Careers](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/careers/) ## [Careers](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/careers/) - [Work at the Bank](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/careers/working-here/) - [Scholarship awards](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/careers/scholarship-awards/) - [Students and recent grads](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/careers/students/) ![](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/top100-2026_transparent_en.svg) ![Two people smiling at the camera: a middle-aged man wearing glasses with fair skin and light brown hair that is grey on the sides, and a woman with medium skin and long curly dark hair.](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/Careers_callout-500x250.png) [Work at the Bank](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/careers/working-here/ "Work at the Bank") Level up your career with us. - [Core functions](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/core-functions/) ## [Core functions](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/core-functions/) - [Monetary policy](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/core-functions/monetary-policy/) - [Financial system](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/core-functions/financial-system/) - [Currency](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/core-functions/currency/) - [Funds management](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/core-functions/funds-management/) - [Retail payments supervision](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/core-functions/retail-payments-supervision/) ## Featured - [Policy interest rate](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/core-functions/monetary-policy/key-interest-rate/) - [Unclaimed Properties Office](https://www.unclaimedproperties.bankofcanada.ca/) ![](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/framework-renewal-callout.jpg) [Renewing Canada’s monetary policy framework](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/core-functions/monetary-policy/renewing-canadas-monetary-policy-framework/ "Renewing Canada’s monetary policy framework") Every five years, the Bank of Canada and the Government of Canada review and renew the agreement on Canada’s monetary policy framework. ![](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/RPS_feature-500x250.jpg) [Retail payments supervision](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/core-functions/retail-payments-supervision/ "Retail payments supervision") We supervise payment service providers under the Retail Payment Activities Act. 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Learn how to check your bank notes and protect yourself from fraud. ![](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/v20-promo-1920x960-1-500x250-1714655823.jpg) [Our next \$20 bank note](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/banknotes/bank-note-series/vertical-series/our-next-20-bank-note/ "Our next $20 bank note") We’ve started the design process for the new \$20 bank note featuring His Majesty King Charles III. See more about the new note and our design process. - [Publications](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/publications/) ## [Publications](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/publications/) - [All publications](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/publications/browse/) - [Annual Report](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/publications/annual-reports-quarterly-financial-reports/?content_type[]=628&content_type[]=22322) - [The Economy, Plain and Simple](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/publications/the-economy-plain-and-simple/) - [Financial Stability Report](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/publications/financial-stability-report/) - [Monetary Policy Report](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/publications/mpr/) - [Quarterly Financial Report](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/publications/annual-reports-quarterly-financial-reports/?content_type[]=19359) - [Summary of deliberations](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/publications/summary-governing-council-deliberations/) ### Economic survey results - [Business Outlook Survey](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/publications/bos/) - [Canadian Survey of Consumer Expectations](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/publications/canadian-survey-of-consumer-expectations/) - [Financial System Survey](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/publications/financial-system-survey/) - [Market Participants Survey](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/publications/market-participants-survey/) - [Senior Loan Officer Survey](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/publications/slos/) ![](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/MPR-thumbnail_January-500x250-1741824854.jpg) [Monetary Policy Report—January 2026](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/publications/mpr/mpr-2026-01-28/ "Monetary Policy Report—January 2026") The Canadian economy continues to adjust to US tariffs and the new global trade landscape. This adjustment will take time and growth is expected to be modest. Inflation is projected to remain near the 2% target. ![](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Sparks-at-Bank-When-parents-co%E2%80%91sign-a-mortgage-to-help-their-adult-children-buy-their-first-home-500x250.jpg) [When parents co‑sign a mortgage to help their adult children buy their first home](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/2026/04/sparks-at-bank-article-2026-11/ "When parents co‑sign a mortgage to help their adult children buy their first home") Rising housing costs are leading to an increasing share of first-time homebuyers seeking financial support from their parents. Specifically, Canada has experienced a noticeable rise in instances of parents co-signing mortgages with their adult children. This practice allows buyers to purchase more expensive homes—but it can also make both parties vulnerable to financial disruptions. - [Research](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/research/) ## [Research](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/research/) ### [Key research themes](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/research/#key-research-themes) - [Monetary policy](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/research/monetary-policy/) - [Structural challenges](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/research/structural-challenges/) - [Financial markets](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/research/financial-markets/) - [Financial system](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/research/financial-system/) - [Money and payments](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/research/money-and-payments/) ### [Engaging with the research community](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/research/engaging-with-the-research-community/) ### [Our research](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/research/browse/) - [Sparks at Bank articles](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/research/sparks-at-bank/) - [Staff analytical papers](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/research/staff-analytical-papers/) - [Staff working papers](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/research/working-papers/) - [External publications](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/research/research-newsletters/) ### [Our researchers](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/research/#people) ![](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Sparks-at-Bank-When-parents-co%E2%80%91sign-a-mortgage-to-help-their-adult-children-buy-their-first-home-500x250.jpg) [When parents co‑sign a mortgage to help their adult children buy their first home](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/2026/04/sparks-at-bank-article-2026-11/ "When parents co‑sign a mortgage to help their adult children buy their first home") Rising housing costs are leading to an increasing share of first-time homebuyers seeking financial support from their parents. Specifically, Canada has experienced a noticeable rise in instances of parents co-signing mortgages with their adult children. This practice allows buyers to purchase more expensive homes—but it can also make both parties vulnerable to financial disruptions. - [Press](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/press/) ## [Press](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/press/) - [All press content](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/press/browse/) - [Announcements](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/press/announcements/) - [Media advisories](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/press/media-advisories/) - [Press releases](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/press/press-releases/) - [Selected media activities](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/press/selected-media-activities/) - [Speeches and appearances](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/press/speeches/) - [Upcoming events](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/press/upcoming-events/) - [Webcasts](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/press/speeches/webcasts/) ## Info - [Media contacts](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/press/contacts/) - [Blackout guidelines](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/core-functions/monetary-policy/key-interest-rate/blackout-guidelines/) - [Principles for external communication](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/about/governance-documents/principles-external-communication-members-governing-council/) ## [News](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/news/?utility%5B%5D=790) April 1, 2026 ##### [Summary of Governing Council deliberations: Fixed announcement date of March 18, 2026](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/2026/04/summary-governing-council-deliberations-fixed-announcement-date-of-march-18-2026/) March 26, 2026 ##### [An anchor of stability in uncertain times](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/2026/03/an-anchor-of-stability-in-uncertain-times/) March 23, 2026 ##### [Changes to Bank of Canada Governing Council](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/2026/03/changes-bank-of-canada-governing-council/) March 18, 2026 ##### [Bank of Canada maintains policy rate at 2¼%](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/2026/03/fad-press-release-2026-03-18/) ![](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SDG-Brandon-1-1-500x250.jpg) ![](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/wp-content/themes/parent-build/images/play-button.png) [Speech: Brandon Chamber of Commerce](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/multimedia/speech-brandon-chamber-of-commerce-2026-03-26/ "Speech: Brandon Chamber of Commerce") Economic developments, monetary policy and affordability — Senior Deputy Governor Carolyn Rogers speaks before the Brandon Chamber of Commerce (13:25 (ET) approx.). - [Statistics](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/rates/) ## [Statistics](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/rates/) - [Daily Digest](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/rates/daily-digest/) - [Exchange rates](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/rates/exchange/) - [Interest rates](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/rates/interest-rates/) - [Price indexes](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/rates/price-indexes/) - [Indicators](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/rates/indicators/) - [Banking and financial statistics](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/rates/banking-and-financial-statistics/) ## [Tools and resources](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/rates/related/) - [Inflation Calculator](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/rates/related/inflation-calculator/) - [Investment Calculator](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/rates/related/investment-calculator/) - [Official International Reserves](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/rates/related/international-reserves/) - [Credit conditions](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/rates/related/credit-conditions/) [Staff economic projections](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/rates/staff-economic-projections/ "Staff economic projections") These forecasts are provided to Governing Council in preparation for monetary policy decisions. They are released once a year with a five-year lag. Search the site Toggle Search - [Home](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/) - [Statistics](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/rates/) - [Exchange rates](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/rates/exchange/) # Annual exchange rates [View](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/rates/exchange/annual-average-exchange-rates/#table) and [download data](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/rates/exchange/annual-average-exchange-rates/#download) for our annual rates. All Bank of Canada exchange rates are indicative rates only, obtained from averages of aggregated price quotes from financial institutions. For details, please read our full [Terms and Conditions](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/terms/#fx-rates). The annual average exchange rates are published by 12:30 ET on the last business day of the year. Exchange rates are expressed as 1 unit of the foreign currency converted into Canadian dollars. Data Available as: [CSV](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/valet/observations/group/FX_RATES_ANNUAL/csv?start_date=2017-01-01), [JSON](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/valet/observations/group/FX_RATES_ANNUAL/json?start_date=2017-01-01) and [XML](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/valet/observations/group/FX_RATES_ANNUAL/xml?start_date=2017-01-01) \| Currency \| 2021 \| 2022 \| 2023 \| 2024 \| 2025 \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| Australian dollar \| 0\.9420 \| 0\.9034 \| 0\.8967 \| 0\.9035 \| 0\.9009 \| \| Brazilian real \| 0\.2325 \| 0\.2525 \| 0\.2704 \| 0\.2553 \| 0\.2503 \| \| Chinese renminbi \| 0\.1943 \| 0\.1935 \| 0\.1907 \| 0\.1903 \| 0\.1944 \| \| European euro \| 1\.4828 \| 1\.3696 \| 1\.4597 \| 1\.4818 \| 1\.5782 \| \| Hong Kong dollar \| 0\.1613 \| 0\.1662 \| 0\.1724 \| 0\.1755 \| 0\.1793 \| \| Indian rupee \| 0\.01696 \| 0\.01656 \| 0\.01635 \| 0\.01637 \| 0\.01605 \| \| Indonesian rupiah \| 0\.000088 \| 0\.000088 \| 0\.000089 \| 0\.000086 \| 0\.000085 \| \| Japanese yen \| 0\.01142 \| 0\.009940 \| 0\.009630 \| 0\.009050 \| 0\.009350 \| \| Mexican peso \| 0\.06181 \| 0\.06472 \| 0\.07618 \| 0\.07520 \| 0\.07284 \| \| New Zealand dollar \| 0\.8867 \| 0\.8267 \| 0\.8287 \| 0\.8286 \| 0\.8132 \| \| Norwegian krone \| 0\.1459 \| 0\.1357 \| 0\.1278 \| 0\.1274 \| 0\.1347 \| \| Peruvian new sol \| 0\.3235 \| 0\.3394 \| 0\.3606 \| 0\.3650 \| 0\.3921 \| \| Russian ruble \| 0\.01701 \| 0\.01937 \| 0\.01600 \| 0\.01479 \| 0\.01677 \| \| Saudi riyal \| 0\.3342 \| 0\.3465 \| 0\.3597 \| 0\.3650 \| 0\.3726 \| \| Singapore dollar \| 0\.9329 \| 0\.9438 \| 1\.0051 \| 1\.0250 \| 1\.0694 \| \| South African rand \| 0\.08485 \| 0\.07974 \| 0\.07323 \| 0\.07477 \| 0\.07822 \| \| South Korean won \| 0\.001096 \| 0\.001009 \| 0\.001033 \| 0\.001005 \| 0\.000983 \| \| Swedish krona \| 0\.1462 \| 0\.1289 \| 0\.1273 \| 0\.1296 \| 0\.1427 \| \| Swiss franc \| 1\.3713 \| 1\.3629 \| 1\.5024 \| 1\.5558 \| 1\.6846 \| \| Taiwanese dollar \| 0\.04487 \| 0\.04371 \| 0\.04334 \| 0\.04266 \| 0\.04490 \| \| Turkish lira \| 0\.1450 \| 0\.07940 \| 0\.05860 \| 0\.04180 \| 0\.03550 \| \| UK pound sterling \| 1\.7246 \| 1\.6076 \| 1\.6784 \| 1\.7504 \| 1\.8420 \| \| US dollar \| 1\.2535 \| 1\.3013 \| 1\.3497 \| 1\.3698 \| 1\.3978 \| [Share this page on Facebook](https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bankofcanada.ca%2Frates%2Fexchange%2Fannual-average-exchange-rates%2F "Share this page on Facebook") [Share this page on X](https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Currently+reading%3A&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bankofcanada.ca%2Frates%2Fexchange%2Fannual-average-exchange-rates%2F "Share this page on X") [Share this page on LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-offsite?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bankofcanada.ca%2Frates%2Fexchange%2Fannual-average-exchange-rates%2F "Share this page on LinkedIn") [Share this page by email](<mailto:?Subject=Annual exchange rates&body=Currently reading%3A https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bankofcanada.ca%2Frates%2Fexchange%2Fannual-average-exchange-rates%2F> "Share this page by email") ## About - [Careers](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/careers/) - [Accessibility](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/accessibility/) - [Photos and videos](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/about/photos-and-videos/) - [Educational resources](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/about/educational-resources/) - [Fraud prevention](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/2025/02/protecting-yourself-from-scams/) ## Affiliate sites - [Bank of Canada Museum](https://www.bankofcanadamuseum.ca/) - [PSP Connect](https://rps.bankofcanada.ca/) - [Unclaimed Properties Office](https://www.unclaimedproperties.bankofcanada.ca/) ## Legal - [Terms of Use](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/terms/) - [Privacy](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/privacy/) - [Access to Information and Privacy (ATIP)](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/about/contact-information/atip/) - [Info Source](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/about/contact-information/atip/info-source/) ## Connect with us - [Contact information](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/about/contact-information/) - [Email alerts](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/email-alerts/) - [RSS feeds](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/rss-feeds/) - [Social media](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/about/contact-information/social-media/) - [Valet API](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/valet/) Back to top We use [cookies](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/privacy/website-privacy-practices/) to help us keep improving this website. 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Readable Markdown	\| Currency \| 2021 \| 2022 \| 2023 \| 2024 \| 2025 \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| Australian dollar \| 0\.9420 \| 0\.9034 \| 0\.8967 \| 0\.9035 \| 0\.9009 \| \| Brazilian real \| 0\.2325 \| 0\.2525 \| 0\.2704 \| 0\.2553 \| 0\.2503 \| \| Chinese renminbi \| 0\.1943 \| 0\.1935 \| 0\.1907 \| 0\.1903 \| 0\.1944 \| \| European euro \| 1\.4828 \| 1\.3696 \| 1\.4597 \| 1\.4818 \| 1\.5782 \| \| Hong Kong dollar \| 0\.1613 \| 0\.1662 \| 0\.1724 \| 0\.1755 \| 0\.1793 \| \| Indian rupee \| 0\.01696 \| 0\.01656 \| 0\.01635 \| 0\.01637 \| 0\.01605 \| \| Indonesian rupiah \| 0\.000088 \| 0\.000088 \| 0\.000089 \| 0\.000086 \| 0\.000085 \| \| Japanese yen \| 0\.01142 \| 0\.009940 \| 0\.009630 \| 0\.009050 \| 0\.009350 \| \| Mexican peso \| 0\.06181 \| 0\.06472 \| 0\.07618 \| 0\.07520 \| 0\.07284 \| \| New Zealand dollar \| 0\.8867 \| 0\.8267 \| 0\.8287 \| 0\.8286 \| 0\.8132 \| \| Norwegian krone \| 0\.1459 \| 0\.1357 \| 0\.1278 \| 0\.1274 \| 0\.1347 \| \| Peruvian new sol \| 0\.3235 \| 0\.3394 \| 0\.3606 \| 0\.3650 \| 0\.3921 \| \| Russian ruble \| 0\.01701 \| 0\.01937 \| 0\.01600 \| 0\.01479 \| 0\.01677 \| \| Saudi riyal \| 0\.3342 \| 0\.3465 \| 0\.3597 \| 0\.3650 \| 0\.3726 \| \| Singapore dollar \| 0\.9329 \| 0\.9438 \| 1\.0051 \| 1\.0250 \| 1\.0694 \| \| South African rand \| 0\.08485 \| 0\.07974 \| 0\.07323 \| 0\.07477 \| 0\.07822 \| \| South Korean won \| 0\.001096 \| 0\.001009 \| 0\.001033 \| 0\.001005 \| 0\.000983 \| \| Swedish krona \| 0\.1462 \| 0\.1289 \| 0\.1273 \| 0\.1296 \| 0\.1427 \| \| Swiss franc \| 1\.3713 \| 1\.3629 \| 1\.5024 \| 1\.5558 \| 1\.6846 \| \| Taiwanese dollar \| 0\.04487 \| 0\.04371 \| 0\.04334 \| 0\.04266 \| 0\.04490 \| \| Turkish lira \| 0\.1450 \| 0\.07940 \| 0\.05860 \| 0\.04180 \| 0\.03550 \| \| UK pound sterling \| 1\.7246 \| 1\.6076 \| 1\.6784 \| 1\.7504 \| 1\.8420 \| \| US dollar \| 1\.2535 \| 1\.3013 \| 1\.3497 \| 1\.3698 \| 1\.3978 \|
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