🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 45 (from laksa158)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa045.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.bachelorprint.com/citing-sources/cite-a-website/\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://www.bachelorprint.com/citing-sources/cite-a-website/\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/citing-sources\/cite-a-website\/","crawl_time":1775681440,"first_indexed_time":1678955773,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"com,bachelorprint!www,\/citing-sources\/cite-a-website\/ s443","src_root_hash":"3359808186999582445","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"How to Cite a Website| Examples","meta_descriptions":["How to Cite a Website: Overview & Examples | Using Harvard Referencing & APA Citation ~ Read now."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Important Components & Examples\nDefinition: Citing a Website\nOnline Sources:\ninternet sources are\nquotes, pictures, recordings\n, etc. taken from websites on the World Wide Web (cf. Franck & Stary 2009: 191). Besides this, articles from websites also count as online sources. When you cite a website, it is crucial to include these components:\nAuthor Surname, Name.\nDate of publication. Title of the article. Domain. URL. Date of last access.\nIndex\nFAQs\nWhat is a citation?\nA citation is a reference to a source of information that was used in the writing of a book, article,\nthesis\nor research paper. Citations give your readers clear guidelines on the sources of the information used in the completion of an academic writing text. Citations are usually written at the end of the report, usually in alphabetical order. This greatly helps the writer avoid plagiarism when writing especially long texts. Plus, it shows the readers where the writer obtained his information and they can also visit these sources to learn more about the research topic.\nHow do you cite a website?\nEvery source of information used while completing an academic writing project have to be cited. This includes sources referenced from websites, online articles, journals, etc.\nThe formatting used for referencing a website will depend on the\nreferencing style\nthat you’re using. However, website citations generally require the following information: The author(s) name(s) [in last name, first name format], ‘title of the source\/ web page’, title of Website, publisher or website name, date published [in Day, Month, Year format] and finally, the website URL.\nWhat are the different website citation styles?\nAs with every other writing project that requires citations, websites can also be cited in the three major citation styles as follows:\na. The\nAPA style\n(American Psychological Association): This is an author-year system of citation. It is mostly used for Education, Psychology, and Science writings.\nb. The MLA (Modern Language Association) Style: This is an author-page system of  citation. It is mostly used for writing in the Humanities field.\nc. The Chicago Style: This is an extremely flexible style of citation that combines two referencing styles (footnotes and author-year system). It is used for writing in Business, History and Fine Arts.\nHow important is citing a website used in a writing project?\nWebsite citation while writing an article, journal entry,\ndissertation\nor book has numerous important functions. Firstly, it helps the writer avoid plagiarizing other writers’ intellectual property which were utilized for the completion of the academic writing project. Secondly, it gives the writer a good way of keeping track of all information and sources referenced from websites that were used. Lastly, it also provides the readers details about where to find extra information about the research topic.\nWhen should I do a website citation?\nWebsite citations are required every time information is referenced from a website for an academic essay,\nresearch paper\n, dissertation, article or book. Regardless of how insignificant or minimal the information is that you sourced from the website, a citation has to be made to avoid plagiarism. As a writer, it is your imperative to appropriately reference your sources, in order to avoid being penalized for unlawfully using some else’s work.\nOverview\nIf you want to cite a website, you have to provide a full citation in your reference list. This example shows how to cite a website using the\nAPA citation\nstyle:\nWebsite citation component\nMandatory\nExamples\nComments\nAuthor of the website\/article\nYes\n- Eckhoff, Luis G.\n- Harvard Library\nIf the author is not named (Note that the information on the\nwebsite might not be reliable! Reconsider citing from this website)\nput in the operator’s name (or domain), or “n.a.” (no author)\nTitle of the website\/the website article\nYes\nCitation and Research\nManagement Tools at\nHarvard\nIf there is no headline, use the title of the website\nDomain (operator)\nYes\nWebsite of Harvard\nUniversity\n- Use the term “Website” or “online” to clarify what kind\nof source you are citing\n- Corresponds to editors\/title of an edited volume (use italics if\nnecessary)\n- Include the domain in case it is a large internet portal\nDate of publication\nYes, if available\n- 2016\n- December 2016\n- 15 March 2014\n- Important date; it is also part of the short reference in the text\n- If there is no date, use the date of your last access in the short\nreference\nWeb address, URL\nYes\nhttps:\/\/guides.library.\nharvard.edu\/cite\/guides.\n- Shortening the URL is not permissible\n- Using hyphens for line segmentation can be confusing (since the hyphen\nis not part of the actual URL), so you should use a space after a\nslash and set it to left alignment\nDOI\n(Digital Object\nIdentifier)\nYes, if available\nDOI: 10.5539\/ ijel.v3n3p14\nCan be used instead of\/in addition to the URL\nDate of last access\nYes\n- Retrieved March 5, 2001 from\nthe World Wide Web\n- Last accessed 12th Apr 2019\n- Put in exact date (day, year) in case the website\nis frequently updated\n- Keep a screenshot of the website article\nIn your bachelor´s or master’s theses, as well as other pieces of academic writing, you must ensure to only cite websites with academic content! Not all articles and websites on the web are suitable for academic texts.\nProperly Referencing a Website\nAuthor name & article title:\nIf you are citing a website, it is mandatory to name the author and the title of the cited article.\nURL & DOI number:\nMoreover, the URL is part of the citation and the DOI number can also be included.\nDate of last access & date of publication:\nThe date of last access is another compulsory element when citing a website. For example:\nRetrieved March 5, 2019\n. If you can find information on the publication date of the website article you want to cite, you should include this. Sometimes you might not be able to find a publication date. In that case, you can use the date that you last accessed the website in the short references (cf. Samac, Prenner, & Schwetz 2009: 95 ff., Szuchman 2005: 106).\nImportant Components\nThe table below gives an overview of the most important components of website citations, irrespective of the citation style chosen. The table also indicates which elements are mandatory for a full website and which are not, as well as including examples for each element. You will also find comments that explain the different components in more detail.\nIt is necessary to name the author of the website article. However, you may not always find information about the author of the website contents you are citing. In such cases, you should put in the name of the website or domain operator. If there is no information regarding the operator either, you can use “n.a.”, which means “no author”.\nPremium Leather Book Binding\nStandard Leather Book Binding\nThermal Binding\nSpiral Binding\nFrom $29.90\nFrom $24.90\nFrom $17.90\nFrom $10.90\nColours\nBlue, black, red, or green\nBlue, black, red, or green\nBlue, black, red, green, yellow, white, or gray\nBlue, black, red, green, yellow, white, or gray\nFinish\nTextured, matte, soft, and leather look\nTextured, shiny, and smooth\nTransparent front film & back page in leather look\nTransparent front film & back page in leather look\nEmbossing\nCover & spine\nCover & spine\n-\n-\nColour of embossing\nGold, black, or silver\nGold, black, or silver\n-\n-\nColour of corners\nGold, black, or silver\nGold, black, or silver\n-\n-\nNumber of pages\n10 - 370\n10 - 370\n2 - 450\n1 - 300\nconfigure now\nconfigure now\nconfigure now\nconfigure now\nBelow you will find examples on how to cite a website using two of the most common citation systems –\nAPA citation\nand\nHarvard referencing\n.\nCiting a website: Short references in the text\n(Ghosh, 2019)\n(Rudlin, 2019)\nCiting a Website Using Harvard Style\nAlthough the term “Harvard Style” is frequently used, it does not refer to a manual of style such as “The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association” (short: APA) or “The Chicago Manual of Style”, which you can use for reference when checking how to cite a website in that particular style.\nThe term\nHarvard referencing\nis “another name for the author\/date citation system, whereby the author and date is placed in parentheses, e.g. (Robbins 1987) to refer readers to the full bibliographic citations” (cf. Harvard Library 2018, Chernin 1988). Consequently, you can cite a website using\nAPA citation\nstyle, which is an author\/date system.\nPlease note:\nAll citation styles draw on the same kind of information. What differs is punctuation and the order in which the elements are presented.\nAll Important Rules\nOnline sources and websites are increasingly used as your studies become more focused, e.g. in a cultural discourse. Therefore, it is crucial to know how to cite a website when you are using it as source for your thesis.\nRule #1:\nIf you are citing a website, it has to be included in the reference list. This is not always easy, as in many cases internet sources do not have page numbers and cannot be assigned to an author or to their year of publication. If you are citing material from an institution´s website, e.g. a ministry, this institution is cited as the author (cf. Kruse 2010: 118).\nRule #2:\nWhat you have to bear in mind when citing a website is differentiatinge between “real” online sources and those that might also exist in print. Many academic journals for example are published online only; however, such journal articles are not regarded as website sources, as they could theoretically exist as print, too. Moreover, there is an issue number and the individual articles can be downloaded in PDF format. Only if the online version differs from the print version is advisable to include the URL and the date of last access (cf. Samac, Prenner & Schwetz 2009: 100).\nRule #3:\nYou also have to be careful with using online sources as reference. They can function as a primary source but less as a secondary source.\nPlease bear in mind:\nSince websites are transient sources of information which can also disappear\/can be deleted as quickly as they popped up, it is vital to mark this in the reference list. You can do so by listing the publication date of the website, or if possible, the date of the most recent update. Moreover, you should include the date when you last accessed the website (cf. Samac, Prenner, & Schwetz 2009: 101).\nIt is recommended to make a copy of the website or take a screenshot (or even a printout, which can go into the appendix of the text) of the website you intend to cite. By doing so, you can ensure that you have cited the website correctly. This also means that your citation is accurate based on your last access of the website.\nExample from the website British Council: An article called “Can we learn a second language like we learned our first?” including information about the author and the date of publication.\nMake sure to scroll down to the bottom of the page: This is where you will find the site´s copyright and legal information, which also helps you evaluate whether the website is a reliable source or not (terms of use, name of the operator, regular updates, etc.). If there is no author, this is where you can find the name of the operator.\nEssay Printing & Binding\nYou are already done writing your essay and need a high quality printing & binding service? Then you are right to choose BachelorPrint! Check out our\n24-hour online printing service.\nFor more information click the button below\n:\nIn a Nutshell\nCiting a website entails an\nentry in the reference list\n; it must be treated just as any other type of source.\nCiting websites as secondary source should be the\nexception\nrather than the rule; it is recommended that you mainly quote sources in print.\nWhen citing a website, it is mandatory to\ninclude the date\nwhen you last accessed the website, because contents on websites can easily be changed or deleted.\nMake sure the information provided by the website you are citing is\nreliable\n, and only cite quotable websites in your bachelor’s or master’s thesis.\nThe\nmain components\nof website citations are: Author, title, domain, URL, date of last access, and date of publication.\nIf there is no author, you can include the operator of the website and the name of the domain instead.","attrs_markdown":"- [Search](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/citing-sources\/cite-a-website\/)\n- [Contact](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/citing-sources\/cite-a-website\/#contactToggle)\n- [Support](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/support\/)\n\n[BachelorPrint](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/)\n\n- [Printing Services](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/printing-services\/ \"Printing Services\")\n  - 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[Graduate school](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/category\/graduate-school\/)\n  - [Study abroad](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/category\/tips\/study-abroad\/)\n  - [Proofreading](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/category\/tips\/proofreading\/)\n  - [Other tips](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/category\/tips\/other-tips\/)\n\n[Plagiarism Checker With Results Within 10 Min. Plagiarism Checker Online Within 10 Min. Check Your Dissertation](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/plagiarism-checker\/)\n\n[Create Your Binding With Individual Design Create Your Binding With Individual Design Configure Your Binding](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/printing-services\/bindings\/)\n\n[Custom Online Script Printing Custom Online Script Printing To Script Printing](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/printing-services\/script-printing\/)\n\n# How to cite a website\n04\\.28.2020   [Citation](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/category\/citation\/)  Time to read: 8min\n\nHow do you like this article?\n\n0 Reviews\n\n👍 0\n\n👎\n\n### **Important Components & Examples**\n### **Definition: Citing a Website**\n**Online Sources:** internet sources are **quotes, pictures, recordings**, etc. taken from websites on the World Wide Web (cf. Franck & Stary 2009: 191). Besides this, articles from websites also count as online sources. When you cite a website, it is crucial to include these components:\n\n**Author Surname, Name.** Date of publication. Title of the article. Domain. URL. Date of last access.\n\nIndex\n\nInhaltsverzeichnis\n\n- [1 FAQs](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/citing-sources\/cite-a-website\/#FAQs)\n- [2 Overview](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/citing-sources\/cite-a-website\/#Overview)\n- [3 Important Components](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/citing-sources\/cite-a-website\/#Important_Components)\n- [4 Examples](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/citing-sources\/cite-a-website\/#Examples)\n- [5 All Important Rules](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/citing-sources\/cite-a-website\/#All_Important_Rules)\n- [6 In a Nutshell](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/citing-sources\/cite-a-website\/#In_a_Nutshell)\n## FAQs\n### [What is a citation?](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/citing-sources\/cite-a-website\/#1589377420989-5ec5b42b-eb1c)\nA citation is a reference to a source of information that was used in the writing of a book, article, [**thesis**](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/thesis\/) or research paper. Citations give your readers clear guidelines on the sources of the information used in the completion of an academic writing text. Citations are usually written at the end of the report, usually in alphabetical order. This greatly helps the writer avoid plagiarism when writing especially long texts. Plus, it shows the readers where the writer obtained his information and they can also visit these sources to learn more about the research topic.\n\n### [How do you cite a website?](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/citing-sources\/cite-a-website\/#1589377421055-9c0df844-f6a0)\nEvery source of information used while completing an academic writing project have to be cited. This includes sources referenced from websites, online articles, journals, etc.\n\nThe formatting used for referencing a website will depend on the **[referencing style](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/citing-sources\/referencing-citation-styles\/)** that you’re using. However, website citations generally require the following information: The author(s) name(s) \\[in last name, first name format\\], ‘title of the source\/ web page’, title of Website, publisher or website name, date published \\[in Day, Month, Year format\\] and finally, the website URL.\n\n### [What are the different website citation styles?](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/citing-sources\/cite-a-website\/#1589378400776-c1fa17b1-97af)\nAs with every other writing project that requires citations, websites can also be cited in the three major citation styles as follows:\n\na. The [**APA style**](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/apa-style\/) (American Psychological Association): This is an author-year system of citation. It is mostly used for Education, Psychology, and Science writings.\n\nb. The MLA (Modern Language Association) Style: This is an author-page system of citation. It is mostly used for writing in the Humanities field.\n\nc. The Chicago Style: This is an extremely flexible style of citation that combines two referencing styles (footnotes and author-year system). It is used for writing in Business, History and Fine Arts.\n\n### [How important is citing a website used in a writing project?](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/citing-sources\/cite-a-website\/#1589378198428-7c71e4a4-4c5e)\nWebsite citation while writing an article, journal entry, [**dissertation**](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/dissertation\/) or book has numerous important functions. Firstly, it helps the writer avoid plagiarizing other writers’ intellectual property which were utilized for the completion of the academic writing project. Secondly, it gives the writer a good way of keeping track of all information and sources referenced from websites that were used. Lastly, it also provides the readers details about where to find extra information about the research topic.\n\n### [When should I do a website citation?](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/citing-sources\/cite-a-website\/#1589524285494-201e7c6d-5a29)\nWebsite citations are required every time information is referenced from a website for an academic essay, [**research paper**](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/research-paper\/), dissertation, article or book. Regardless of how insignificant or minimal the information is that you sourced from the website, a citation has to be made to avoid plagiarism. As a writer, it is your imperative to appropriately reference your sources, in order to avoid being penalized for unlawfully using some else’s work.\n\n## **Overview**\nIf you want to cite a website, you have to provide a full citation in your reference list. This example shows how to cite a website using the [**APA citation**](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/apa-style\/apa-citation\/) style:\n\n|   |   |   |   |\n|---|---|---|---|\n| **Website citation component** | **Mandatory** | **Examples** | **Comments** |\n| **Author of the website\/article** | Yes | \\- Eckhoff, Luis G.  - Harvard Library | If the author is not named (Note that the information on the   website might not be reliable! Reconsider citing from this website)  put in the operator’s name (or domain), or “n.a.” (no author) |\n| **Title of the website\/the website article** | Yes | Citation and Research   Management Tools at   Harvard | If there is no headline, use the title of the website |\n| **Domain (operator)** | Yes | Website of Harvard   University | \\- Use the term “Website” or “online” to clarify what kind  of source you are citing  - Corresponds to editors\/title of an edited volume (use italics if   necessary)  - Include the domain in case it is a large internet portal |\n| **Date of publication** | Yes, if available | \\- 2016  - December 2016  - 15 March 2014 | \\- Important date; it is also part of the short reference in the text   - If there is no date, use the date of your last access in the short   reference |\n| **Web address, URL** | Yes | https:\/\/guides.library.  harvard.edu\/cite\/guides. | \\- Shortening the URL is not permissible  - Using hyphens for line segmentation can be confusing (since the hyphen  is not part of the actual URL), so you should use a space after a   slash and set it to left alignment |\n| **DOI**  (Digital Object   Identifier) | Yes, if available | DOI: 10.5539\/ ijel.v3n3p14 | Can be used instead of\/in addition to the URL |\n| **Date of last access** | Yes | \\- Retrieved March 5, 2001 from   the World Wide Web  - Last accessed 12th Apr 2019 | \\- Put in exact date (day, year) in case the website   is frequently updated   - Keep a screenshot of the website article |\n\nIn your bachelor´s or master’s theses, as well as other pieces of academic writing, you must ensure to only cite websites with academic content! Not all articles and websites on the web are suitable for academic texts.\n\n**Recommended:** [**How to cite an article**](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/citing-sources\/cite-an-article\/)\n\n### **Properly Referencing a Website**\n**Author name & article title:** If you are citing a website, it is mandatory to name the author and the title of the cited article.\n\n**URL & DOI number:** Moreover, the URL is part of the citation and the DOI number can also be included.\n\n**Date of last access & date of publication:** The date of last access is another compulsory element when citing a website. For example: *Retrieved March 5, 2019*. If you can find information on the publication date of the website article you want to cite, you should include this. Sometimes you might not be able to find a publication date. In that case, you can use the date that you last accessed the website in the short references (cf. Samac, Prenner, & Schwetz 2009: 95 ff., Szuchman 2005: 106).\n\n## **Important Components**\nThe table below gives an overview of the most important components of website citations, irrespective of the citation style chosen. The table also indicates which elements are mandatory for a full website and which are not, as well as including examples for each element. You will also find comments that explain the different components in more detail.\n\nIt is necessary to name the author of the website article. However, you may not always find information about the author of the website contents you are citing. In such cases, you should put in the name of the website or domain operator. If there is no information regarding the operator either, you can use “n.a.”, which means “no author”.\n\n|   |   |   |   |   |\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|   | ![Reading-printing-services-premium-leather-book-binding-comparison](data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20190%20250'%3E%3C\/svg%3E) ![Reading-printing-services-premium-leather-book-binding-comparison](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Reading-printing-services-premium-leather-book-binding-comparison.png) | ![Reading-printing-services-standard-leather-book-binding-comparison](data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20190%20250'%3E%3C\/svg%3E) ![Reading-printing-services-standard-leather-book-binding-comparison](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Reading-printing-services-standard-leather-book-binding-comparison.png) | ![Reading-printing-services-thermal-binding-comparison](data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20190%20250'%3E%3C\/svg%3E) ![Reading-printing-services-thermal-binding-comparison](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Reading-printing-services-thermal-binding-comparison.png) | ![Reading-printing-services-spiral-binding-comparison](data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20190%20250'%3E%3C\/svg%3E) ![Reading-printing-services-spiral-binding-comparison](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Reading-printing-services-spiral-binding-comparison.png) |\n|   | ![Reading-printing-services-colors-4](data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20190%2030'%3E%3C\/svg%3E) ![Reading-printing-services-colors-4](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Reading-printing-services-colors-4.png) | ![Reading-printing-services-colors-4](data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20190%2030'%3E%3C\/svg%3E) ![Reading-printing-services-colors-4](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Reading-printing-services-colors-4.png) | ![Reading-printing-services-colors-7](data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20190%2030'%3E%3C\/svg%3E) ![Reading-printing-services-colors-7](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Reading-printing-services-colors-7.png) | ![Reading-printing-services-colors-7](data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20190%2030'%3E%3C\/svg%3E) ![Reading-printing-services-colors-7](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Reading-printing-services-colors-7.png) |\n|   | **Premium Leather Book Binding** | **Standard Leather Book Binding** | **Thermal Binding** | **Spiral Binding** |\n|   | From \\$29.90 | From \\$24.90 | From \\$17.90 | From \\$10.90 |\n| **Colours** | Blue, black, red, or green | Blue, black, red, or green | Blue, black, red, green, yellow, white, or gray | Blue, black, red, green, yellow, white, or gray |\n| **Finish** | Textured, matte, soft, and leather look | Textured, shiny, and smooth | Transparent front film & back page in leather look | Transparent front film & back page in leather look |\n| **Embossing** | Cover & spine | Cover & spine | \\- | \\- |\n| **Colour of embossing** | Gold, black, or silver | Gold, black, or silver | \\- | \\- |\n| **Colour of corners** | Gold, black, or silver | Gold, black, or silver | \\- | \\- |\n| **Number of pages** | 10 - 370 | 10 - 370 | 2 - 450 | 1 - 300 |\n|   | [configure now](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/24h-online-shop\/) | [configure now](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/24h-online-shop\/) | [configure now](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/24h-online-shop\/) | [configure now](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/24h-online-shop\/) |\n\n**Recommended:** [**How to cite a book**](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/citing-sources\/how-to-cite-a-book\/)\n\n## **Examples**\nBelow you will find examples on how to cite a website using two of the most common citation systems – **APA citation** and [**Harvard referencing**](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/harvard-referencing\/).\n\n### **Example: Citing Websites Using APA Style**\nGhosh, P. (2019, April 10). First ever black hole image released. *BBC News*. Last accessed 21th Apr 2019: <https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/science-environment-47873592>.\n\nRudlin, D. (2019, April 11). Why are we so bad at planning cities? *The Guardian*. Last accessed 12th Apr 2019: <https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/cities\/2019\/apr\/11\/why-are-we-so-bad-at-planning-cities>.\n\n**Citing a website: Short references in the text**\n\n(Ghosh, 2019)\n\n(Rudlin, 2019)\n\n### **Citing a Website Using Harvard Style**\nAlthough the term “Harvard Style” is frequently used, it does not refer to a manual of style such as “The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association” (short: APA) or “The Chicago Manual of Style”, which you can use for reference when checking how to cite a website in that particular style.\n\nThe term **Harvard referencing** is “another name for the author\/date citation system, whereby the author and date is placed in parentheses, e.g. (Robbins 1987) to refer readers to the full bibliographic citations” (cf. Harvard Library 2018, Chernin 1988). Consequently, you can cite a website using **APA citation** style, which is an author\/date system.\n\n**Please note:** All citation styles draw on the same kind of information. What differs is punctuation and the order in which the elements are presented.\n\n## **All Important Rules**\nOnline sources and websites are increasingly used as your studies become more focused, e.g. in a cultural discourse. Therefore, it is crucial to know how to cite a website when you are using it as source for your thesis.\n\n### **Rule \\#1:**\nIf you are citing a website, it has to be included in the reference list. This is not always easy, as in many cases internet sources do not have page numbers and cannot be assigned to an author or to their year of publication. If you are citing material from an institution´s website, e.g. a ministry, this institution is cited as the author (cf. Kruse 2010: 118).\n\n### **Rule \\#2:**\nWhat you have to bear in mind when citing a website is differentiatinge between “real” online sources and those that might also exist in print. Many academic journals for example are published online only; however, such journal articles are not regarded as website sources, as they could theoretically exist as print, too. Moreover, there is an issue number and the individual articles can be downloaded in PDF format. Only if the online version differs from the print version is advisable to include the URL and the date of last access (cf. Samac, Prenner & Schwetz 2009: 100).\n\n### **Rule \\#3:**\nYou also have to be careful with using online sources as reference. They can function as a primary source but less as a secondary source.\n\n**Please bear in mind:** Since websites are transient sources of information which can also disappear\/can be deleted as quickly as they popped up, it is vital to mark this in the reference list. You can do so by listing the publication date of the website, or if possible, the date of the most recent update. Moreover, you should include the date when you last accessed the website (cf. Samac, Prenner, & Schwetz 2009: 101).\n\nIt is recommended to make a copy of the website or take a screenshot (or even a printout, which can go into the appendix of the text) of the website you intend to cite. By doing so, you can ensure that you have cited the website correctly. This also means that your citation is accurate based on your last access of the website.\n\n![How-to-cite-a-website-author-info](data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20550%20409'%3E%3C\/svg%3E)\n\n![How-to-cite-a-website-author-info](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/How-to-cite-a-website-author-info.jpg)\n\nExample from the website British Council: An article called “Can we learn a second language like we learned our first?” including information about the author and the date of publication.\n\n![how-to-cite-a-website-trust](data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20550%20409'%3E%3C\/svg%3E)\n\n![how-to-cite-a-website-trust](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/how-to-cite-a-website-trust.jpg)\n\nMake sure to scroll down to the bottom of the page: This is where you will find the site´s copyright and legal information, which also helps you evaluate whether the website is a reliable source or not (terms of use, name of the operator, regular updates, etc.). If there is no author, this is where you can find the name of the operator.\n\n[![how-to-cite-a-website-essay-printing-binding-250x250](data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20250%20250'%3E%3C\/svg%3E)![how-to-cite-a-website-essay-printing-binding-250x250](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/how-to-cite-a-website-essay-printing-binding-250x250-1.png)](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/printing-services\/essay-printing-binding\/)\n\n**Essay Printing & Binding**\n\nYou are already done writing your essay and need a high quality printing & binding service? Then you are right to choose BachelorPrint! Check out our **24-hour online printing service.** For more information click the button below:\n\n## **In a Nutshell**\n- Citing a website entails an **entry in the reference list**; it must be treated just as any other type of source.\n- Citing websites as secondary source should be the **exception** rather than the rule; it is recommended that you mainly quote sources in print.\n- When citing a website, it is mandatory to **include the date** when you last accessed the website, because contents on websites can easily be changed or deleted.\n- Make sure the information provided by the website you are citing is **reliable**, and only cite quotable websites in your bachelor’s or master’s thesis.\n- The **main components** of website citations are: Author, title, domain, URL, date of last access, and date of publication.\n- If there is no author, you can include the operator of the website and the name of the domain instead.\n\nHow do you like this article?\n\n0 Reviews\n\n👍 0\n\n👎\n\n[![mm](data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2056%2056'%3E%3C\/svg%3E)![mm](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Autorenbild-Salome-Stolle.jpg)](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/citing-sources\/cite-a-website\/)\n\nBy\n\n### Salome Stolle\n\nAbout the author\n\nSalome Stolle works as the brand manager for the English market at BachelorPrint. Throughout her 12-year residency in Denmark, she completed her International baccalaureate and Master’s in Culture, Communication, and Globalization with a specialization in media and market consumption. Through this experience, she has gained advanced competencies in academic writing and a high proficiency level in the English language. With her passion for writing, she does not only deliver well-written content but also strives to adjust to the students’ demands.\n\n[Show all articles from this author](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/author\/salome-stolle\/)\n\n[Read the previous article](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/citing-sources\/cite-an-article\/) [Read the next article](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/apa-style\/)\n***\n### Cite This Article\n## Bibliography\nStolle, S. (2020, April 28). *How to cite a website*. BachelorPrint. https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/citing-sources\/cite-a-website\/ (retrieved 04.08.2026)\n\nCopy\n\n## In-text citation\nParenthetical\n\n(Stolle , 2020)\n\nCopy\n\nNarrative\n\nStolle (2020)\n\nCopy\n\n## Bibliography\nStolle, Salome. 2020. \"How to cite a website.\" BachelorPrint, Retrieved April 08, 2026. https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/citing-sources\/cite-a-website\/.\n\nCopy\n\n## In-text citation\nParenthetical\n\n(Stolle 2020)\n\nCopy\n\n## Bibliography\nSalome Stolle, \"How to cite a website,\" BachelorPrint, April 28, 2020, https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/citing-sources\/cite-a-website\/ (retrieved April 08, 2026).\n\nCopy\n\n## Footnotes\nShort note\n\nStolle, \"Shortened title.\"\n\nCopy\n\n## Bibliography\nStolle, Salome: How to cite a website, in: BachelorPrint, 04.28.2020, \\[online\\] https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/citing-sources\/cite-a-website\/ (retrieved 04.08.2026).\n\nCopy\n\n## Footnotes\nFull note\n\nStolle, Salome: How to cite a website, in: BachelorPrint, 04.28.2020, \\[online\\] https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/citing-sources\/cite-a-website\/ (retrieved 04.08.2026).\n\nCopy\n\nDirect quote\n\nStolle, 2020.\n\nCopy\n\nIndirect quote\n\nStolle, 2020.\n\nCopy\n\n## Bibliography\nStolle, Salome (2020): How to cite a website, in: BachelorPrint, \\[online\\] https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/citing-sources\/cite-a-website\/ (retrieved 04.08.2026).\n\nCopy\n\n## In-text citation\nDirect quote\n\n(Stolle, 2020)\n\nCopy\n\nIndirect quote\n\n(Stolle, 2020)\n\nCopy\n\nNarrative\n\nStolle (2020)\n\nCopy\n\n## Bibliography\nStolle, Salome. \"How to cite a website.\" *BachelorPrint*, 04.28.2020, https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/citing-sources\/cite-a-website\/ (retrieved 04.08.2026).\n\nCopy\n\n## In-text citation\nParenthetical\n\n(Stolle)\n\nCopy\n\nNarrative\n\nStolle\n\nCopy\n\n## Bibliography\nNumber. Stolle S. How to cite a website \\[Internet\\]. BachelorPrint. 2020 \\[cited 04.08.2026\\]. 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Franck & Stary 2009: 191). Besides this, articles from websites also count as online sources. When you cite a website, it is crucial to include these components:\n\n**Author Surname, Name.** Date of publication. Title of the article. Domain. URL. Date of last access.\n\nIndex\n\n## FAQs\n[What is a citation?](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/citing-sources\/cite-a-website\/#1589377420989-5ec5b42b-eb1c)\n\nA citation is a reference to a source of information that was used in the writing of a book, article, [**thesis**](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/thesis\/) or research paper. Citations give your readers clear guidelines on the sources of the information used in the completion of an academic writing text. Citations are usually written at the end of the report, usually in alphabetical order. This greatly helps the writer avoid plagiarism when writing especially long texts. Plus, it shows the readers where the writer obtained his information and they can also visit these sources to learn more about the research topic.\n\n[How do you cite a website?](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/citing-sources\/cite-a-website\/#1589377421055-9c0df844-f6a0)\n\nEvery source of information used while completing an academic writing project have to be cited. This includes sources referenced from websites, online articles, journals, etc.\n\nThe formatting used for referencing a website will depend on the **[referencing style](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/citing-sources\/referencing-citation-styles\/)** that you’re using. However, website citations generally require the following information: The author(s) name(s) \\[in last name, first name format\\], ‘title of the source\/ web page’, title of Website, publisher or website name, date published \\[in Day, Month, Year format\\] and finally, the website URL.\n\n[What are the different website citation styles?](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/citing-sources\/cite-a-website\/#1589378400776-c1fa17b1-97af)\n\nAs with every other writing project that requires citations, websites can also be cited in the three major citation styles as follows:\n\na. The [**APA style**](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/apa-style\/) (American Psychological Association): This is an author-year system of citation. It is mostly used for Education, Psychology, and Science writings.\n\nb. The MLA (Modern Language Association) Style: This is an author-page system of citation. It is mostly used for writing in the Humanities field.\n\nc. The Chicago Style: This is an extremely flexible style of citation that combines two referencing styles (footnotes and author-year system). It is used for writing in Business, History and Fine Arts.\n\n[How important is citing a website used in a writing project?](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/citing-sources\/cite-a-website\/#1589378198428-7c71e4a4-4c5e)\n\nWebsite citation while writing an article, journal entry, [**dissertation**](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/dissertation\/) or book has numerous important functions. Firstly, it helps the writer avoid plagiarizing other writers’ intellectual property which were utilized for the completion of the academic writing project. Secondly, it gives the writer a good way of keeping track of all information and sources referenced from websites that were used. Lastly, it also provides the readers details about where to find extra information about the research topic.\n\n[When should I do a website citation?](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/citing-sources\/cite-a-website\/#1589524285494-201e7c6d-5a29)\n\nWebsite citations are required every time information is referenced from a website for an academic essay, [**research paper**](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/research-paper\/), dissertation, article or book. Regardless of how insignificant or minimal the information is that you sourced from the website, a citation has to be made to avoid plagiarism. As a writer, it is your imperative to appropriately reference your sources, in order to avoid being penalized for unlawfully using some else’s work.\n\n## **Overview**\nIf you want to cite a website, you have to provide a full citation in your reference list. This example shows how to cite a website using the [**APA citation**](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/apa-style\/apa-citation\/) style:\n\n|   |   |   |   |\n|---|---|---|---|\n| **Website citation component** | **Mandatory** | **Examples** | **Comments** |\n| **Author of the website\/article** | Yes | \\- Eckhoff, Luis G.  - Harvard Library | If the author is not named (Note that the information on the   website might not be reliable! Reconsider citing from this website)  put in the operator’s name (or domain), or “n.a.” (no author) |\n| **Title of the website\/the website article** | Yes | Citation and Research   Management Tools at   Harvard | If there is no headline, use the title of the website |\n| **Domain (operator)** | Yes | Website of Harvard   University | \\- Use the term “Website” or “online” to clarify what kind  of source you are citing  - Corresponds to editors\/title of an edited volume (use italics if   necessary)  - Include the domain in case it is a large internet portal |\n| **Date of publication** | Yes, if available | \\- 2016  - December 2016  - 15 March 2014 | \\- Important date; it is also part of the short reference in the text   - If there is no date, use the date of your last access in the short   reference |\n| **Web address, URL** | Yes | https:\/\/guides.library.  harvard.edu\/cite\/guides. | \\- Shortening the URL is not permissible  - Using hyphens for line segmentation can be confusing (since the hyphen  is not part of the actual URL), so you should use a space after a   slash and set it to left alignment |\n| **DOI**  (Digital Object   Identifier) | Yes, if available | DOI: 10.5539\/ ijel.v3n3p14 | Can be used instead of\/in addition to the URL |\n| **Date of last access** | Yes | \\- Retrieved March 5, 2001 from   the World Wide Web  - Last accessed 12th Apr 2019 | \\- Put in exact date (day, year) in case the website   is frequently updated   - Keep a screenshot of the website article |\n\nIn your bachelor´s or master’s theses, as well as other pieces of academic writing, you must ensure to only cite websites with academic content! Not all articles and websites on the web are suitable for academic texts.\n\n### **Properly Referencing a Website**\n**Author name & article title:** If you are citing a website, it is mandatory to name the author and the title of the cited article.\n\n**URL & DOI number:** Moreover, the URL is part of the citation and the DOI number can also be included.\n\n**Date of last access & date of publication:** The date of last access is another compulsory element when citing a website. For example: *Retrieved March 5, 2019*. If you can find information on the publication date of the website article you want to cite, you should include this. Sometimes you might not be able to find a publication date. In that case, you can use the date that you last accessed the website in the short references (cf. Samac, Prenner, & Schwetz 2009: 95 ff., Szuchman 2005: 106).\n\n## **Important Components**\nThe table below gives an overview of the most important components of website citations, irrespective of the citation style chosen. The table also indicates which elements are mandatory for a full website and which are not, as well as including examples for each element. You will also find comments that explain the different components in more detail.\n\nIt is necessary to name the author of the website article. However, you may not always find information about the author of the website contents you are citing. In such cases, you should put in the name of the website or domain operator. If there is no information regarding the operator either, you can use “n.a.”, which means “no author”.\n\n|   |   |   |   |   |\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|   | ![Reading-printing-services-premium-leather-book-binding-comparison](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Reading-printing-services-premium-leather-book-binding-comparison.png) | ![Reading-printing-services-standard-leather-book-binding-comparison](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Reading-printing-services-standard-leather-book-binding-comparison.png) | ![Reading-printing-services-thermal-binding-comparison](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Reading-printing-services-thermal-binding-comparison.png) | ![Reading-printing-services-spiral-binding-comparison](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Reading-printing-services-spiral-binding-comparison.png) |\n|   | ![Reading-printing-services-colors-4](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Reading-printing-services-colors-4.png) | ![Reading-printing-services-colors-4](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Reading-printing-services-colors-4.png) | ![Reading-printing-services-colors-7](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Reading-printing-services-colors-7.png) | ![Reading-printing-services-colors-7](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Reading-printing-services-colors-7.png) |\n|   | **Premium Leather Book Binding** | **Standard Leather Book Binding** | **Thermal Binding** | **Spiral Binding** |\n|   | From \\$29.90 | From \\$24.90 | From \\$17.90 | From \\$10.90 |\n| **Colours** | Blue, black, red, or green | Blue, black, red, or green | Blue, black, red, green, yellow, white, or gray | Blue, black, red, green, yellow, white, or gray |\n| **Finish** | Textured, matte, soft, and leather look | Textured, shiny, and smooth | Transparent front film & back page in leather look | Transparent front film & back page in leather look |\n| **Embossing** | Cover & spine | Cover & spine | \\- | \\- |\n| **Colour of embossing** | Gold, black, or silver | Gold, black, or silver | \\- | \\- |\n| **Colour of corners** | Gold, black, or silver | Gold, black, or silver | \\- | \\- |\n| **Number of pages** | 10 - 370 | 10 - 370 | 2 - 450 | 1 - 300 |\n|   | [configure now](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/24h-online-shop\/) | [configure now](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/24h-online-shop\/) | [configure now](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/24h-online-shop\/) | [configure now](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/24h-online-shop\/) |\n\nBelow you will find examples on how to cite a website using two of the most common citation systems – **APA citation** and [**Harvard referencing**](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/harvard-referencing\/).\n\n**Citing a website: Short references in the text**\n\n(Ghosh, 2019)\n\n(Rudlin, 2019)\n\n### **Citing a Website Using Harvard Style**\nAlthough the term “Harvard Style” is frequently used, it does not refer to a manual of style such as “The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association” (short: APA) or “The Chicago Manual of Style”, which you can use for reference when checking how to cite a website in that particular style.\n\nThe term **Harvard referencing** is “another name for the author\/date citation system, whereby the author and date is placed in parentheses, e.g. (Robbins 1987) to refer readers to the full bibliographic citations” (cf. Harvard Library 2018, Chernin 1988). Consequently, you can cite a website using **APA citation** style, which is an author\/date system.\n\n**Please note:** All citation styles draw on the same kind of information. What differs is punctuation and the order in which the elements are presented.\n\n## **All Important Rules**\nOnline sources and websites are increasingly used as your studies become more focused, e.g. in a cultural discourse. Therefore, it is crucial to know how to cite a website when you are using it as source for your thesis.\n\n### **Rule \\#1:**\nIf you are citing a website, it has to be included in the reference list. This is not always easy, as in many cases internet sources do not have page numbers and cannot be assigned to an author or to their year of publication. If you are citing material from an institution´s website, e.g. a ministry, this institution is cited as the author (cf. Kruse 2010: 118).\n\n### **Rule \\#2:**\nWhat you have to bear in mind when citing a website is differentiatinge between “real” online sources and those that might also exist in print. Many academic journals for example are published online only; however, such journal articles are not regarded as website sources, as they could theoretically exist as print, too. Moreover, there is an issue number and the individual articles can be downloaded in PDF format. Only if the online version differs from the print version is advisable to include the URL and the date of last access (cf. Samac, Prenner & Schwetz 2009: 100).\n\n### **Rule \\#3:**\nYou also have to be careful with using online sources as reference. They can function as a primary source but less as a secondary source.\n\n**Please bear in mind:** Since websites are transient sources of information which can also disappear\/can be deleted as quickly as they popped up, it is vital to mark this in the reference list. You can do so by listing the publication date of the website, or if possible, the date of the most recent update. Moreover, you should include the date when you last accessed the website (cf. Samac, Prenner, & Schwetz 2009: 101).\n\nIt is recommended to make a copy of the website or take a screenshot (or even a printout, which can go into the appendix of the text) of the website you intend to cite. By doing so, you can ensure that you have cited the website correctly. This also means that your citation is accurate based on your last access of the website.\n\n![How-to-cite-a-website-author-info](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/How-to-cite-a-website-author-info.jpg)\n\nExample from the website British Council: An article called “Can we learn a second language like we learned our first?” including information about the author and the date of publication.\n\n![how-to-cite-a-website-trust](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/how-to-cite-a-website-trust.jpg)\n\nMake sure to scroll down to the bottom of the page: This is where you will find the site´s copyright and legal information, which also helps you evaluate whether the website is a reliable source or not (terms of use, name of the operator, regular updates, etc.). If there is no author, this is where you can find the name of the operator.\n\n[![how-to-cite-a-website-essay-printing-binding-250x250](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/how-to-cite-a-website-essay-printing-binding-250x250-1.png)](https:\/\/www.bachelorprint.com\/printing-services\/essay-printing-binding\/)\n\n**Essay Printing & Binding**\n\nYou are already done writing your essay and need a high quality printing & binding service? Then you are right to choose BachelorPrint! Check out our **24-hour online printing service.** For more information click the button below:\n\n## **In a Nutshell**\n- Citing a website entails an **entry in the reference list**; it must be treated just as any other type of source.\n- Citing websites as secondary source should be the **exception** rather than the rule; it is recommended that you mainly quote sources in print.\n- When citing a website, it is mandatory to **include the date** when you last accessed the website, because contents on websites can easily be changed or deleted.\n- Make sure the information provided by the website you are citing is **reliable**, and only cite quotable websites in your bachelor’s or master’s thesis.\n- The **main components** of website citations are: Author, title, domain, URL, date of last access, and date of publication.\n- If there is no author, you can include the operator of the website and the name of the domain instead.","meta_canonical":null}

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Boilerpipe Text	Important Components & Examples Definition: Citing a Website Online Sources: internet sources are quotes, pictures, recordings , etc. taken from websites on the World Wide Web (cf. Franck & Stary 2009: 191). Besides this, articles from websites also count as online sources. When you cite a website, it is crucial to include these components: Author Surname, Name. Date of publication. Title of the article. Domain. URL. Date of last access. Index FAQs What is a citation? A citation is a reference to a source of information that was used in the writing of a book, article, thesis or research paper. Citations give your readers clear guidelines on the sources of the information used in the completion of an academic writing text. Citations are usually written at the end of the report, usually in alphabetical order. This greatly helps the writer avoid plagiarism when writing especially long texts. Plus, it shows the readers where the writer obtained his information and they can also visit these sources to learn more about the research topic. How do you cite a website? Every source of information used while completing an academic writing project have to be cited. This includes sources referenced from websites, online articles, journals, etc. The formatting used for referencing a website will depend on the referencing style that you’re using. However, website citations generally require the following information: The author(s) name(s) [in last name, first name format], ‘title of the source/ web page’, title of Website, publisher or website name, date published [in Day, Month, Year format] and finally, the website URL. What are the different website citation styles? As with every other writing project that requires citations, websites can also be cited in the three major citation styles as follows: a. The APA style (American Psychological Association): This is an author-year system of citation. It is mostly used for Education, Psychology, and Science writings. b. The MLA (Modern Language Association) Style: This is an author-page system of citation. It is mostly used for writing in the Humanities field. c. The Chicago Style: This is an extremely flexible style of citation that combines two referencing styles (footnotes and author-year system). It is used for writing in Business, History and Fine Arts. How important is citing a website used in a writing project? Website citation while writing an article, journal entry, dissertation or book has numerous important functions. Firstly, it helps the writer avoid plagiarizing other writers’ intellectual property which were utilized for the completion of the academic writing project. Secondly, it gives the writer a good way of keeping track of all information and sources referenced from websites that were used. Lastly, it also provides the readers details about where to find extra information about the research topic. When should I do a website citation? Website citations are required every time information is referenced from a website for an academic essay, research paper , dissertation, article or book. Regardless of how insignificant or minimal the information is that you sourced from the website, a citation has to be made to avoid plagiarism. As a writer, it is your imperative to appropriately reference your sources, in order to avoid being penalized for unlawfully using some else’s work. Overview If you want to cite a website, you have to provide a full citation in your reference list. This example shows how to cite a website using the APA citation style: Website citation component Mandatory Examples Comments Author of the website/article Yes - Eckhoff, Luis G. - Harvard Library If the author is not named (Note that the information on the website might not be reliable! Reconsider citing from this website) put in the operator’s name (or domain), or “n.a.” (no author) Title of the website/the website article Yes Citation and Research Management Tools at Harvard If there is no headline, use the title of the website Domain (operator) Yes Website of Harvard University - Use the term “Website” or “online” to clarify what kind of source you are citing - Corresponds to editors/title of an edited volume (use italics if necessary) - Include the domain in case it is a large internet portal Date of publication Yes, if available - 2016 - December 2016 - 15 March 2014 - Important date; it is also part of the short reference in the text - If there is no date, use the date of your last access in the short reference Web address, URL Yes https://guides.library. harvard.edu/cite/guides. - Shortening the URL is not permissible - Using hyphens for line segmentation can be confusing (since the hyphen is not part of the actual URL), so you should use a space after a slash and set it to left alignment DOI (Digital Object Identifier) Yes, if available DOI: 10.5539/ ijel.v3n3p14 Can be used instead of/in addition to the URL Date of last access Yes - Retrieved March 5, 2001 from the World Wide Web - Last accessed 12th Apr 2019 - Put in exact date (day, year) in case the website is frequently updated - Keep a screenshot of the website article In your bachelor´s or master’s theses, as well as other pieces of academic writing, you must ensure to only cite websites with academic content! Not all articles and websites on the web are suitable for academic texts. Properly Referencing a Website Author name & article title: If you are citing a website, it is mandatory to name the author and the title of the cited article. URL & DOI number: Moreover, the URL is part of the citation and the DOI number can also be included. Date of last access & date of publication: The date of last access is another compulsory element when citing a website. For example: Retrieved March 5, 2019 . If you can find information on the publication date of the website article you want to cite, you should include this. Sometimes you might not be able to find a publication date. In that case, you can use the date that you last accessed the website in the short references (cf. Samac, Prenner, & Schwetz 2009: 95 ff., Szuchman 2005: 106). Important Components The table below gives an overview of the most important components of website citations, irrespective of the citation style chosen. The table also indicates which elements are mandatory for a full website and which are not, as well as including examples for each element. You will also find comments that explain the different components in more detail. It is necessary to name the author of the website article. However, you may not always find information about the author of the website contents you are citing. In such cases, you should put in the name of the website or domain operator. If there is no information regarding the operator either, you can use “n.a.”, which means “no author”. Premium Leather Book Binding Standard Leather Book Binding Thermal Binding Spiral Binding From $29.90 From $24.90 From $17.90 From $10.90 Colours Blue, black, red, or green Blue, black, red, or green Blue, black, red, green, yellow, white, or gray Blue, black, red, green, yellow, white, or gray Finish Textured, matte, soft, and leather look Textured, shiny, and smooth Transparent front film & back page in leather look Transparent front film & back page in leather look Embossing Cover & spine Cover & spine - - Colour of embossing Gold, black, or silver Gold, black, or silver - - Colour of corners Gold, black, or silver Gold, black, or silver - - Number of pages 10 - 370 10 - 370 2 - 450 1 - 300 configure now configure now configure now configure now Below you will find examples on how to cite a website using two of the most common citation systems – APA citation and Harvard referencing . Citing a website: Short references in the text (Ghosh, 2019) (Rudlin, 2019) Citing a Website Using Harvard Style Although the term “Harvard Style” is frequently used, it does not refer to a manual of style such as “The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association” (short: APA) or “The Chicago Manual of Style”, which you can use for reference when checking how to cite a website in that particular style. The term Harvard referencing is “another name for the author/date citation system, whereby the author and date is placed in parentheses, e.g. (Robbins 1987) to refer readers to the full bibliographic citations” (cf. Harvard Library 2018, Chernin 1988). Consequently, you can cite a website using APA citation style, which is an author/date system. Please note: All citation styles draw on the same kind of information. What differs is punctuation and the order in which the elements are presented. All Important Rules Online sources and websites are increasingly used as your studies become more focused, e.g. in a cultural discourse. Therefore, it is crucial to know how to cite a website when you are using it as source for your thesis. Rule #1: If you are citing a website, it has to be included in the reference list. This is not always easy, as in many cases internet sources do not have page numbers and cannot be assigned to an author or to their year of publication. If you are citing material from an institution´s website, e.g. a ministry, this institution is cited as the author (cf. Kruse 2010: 118). Rule #2: What you have to bear in mind when citing a website is differentiatinge between “real” online sources and those that might also exist in print. Many academic journals for example are published online only; however, such journal articles are not regarded as website sources, as they could theoretically exist as print, too. Moreover, there is an issue number and the individual articles can be downloaded in PDF format. Only if the online version differs from the print version is advisable to include the URL and the date of last access (cf. Samac, Prenner & Schwetz 2009: 100). Rule #3: You also have to be careful with using online sources as reference. They can function as a primary source but less as a secondary source. Please bear in mind: Since websites are transient sources of information which can also disappear/can be deleted as quickly as they popped up, it is vital to mark this in the reference list. You can do so by listing the publication date of the website, or if possible, the date of the most recent update. Moreover, you should include the date when you last accessed the website (cf. Samac, Prenner, & Schwetz 2009: 101). It is recommended to make a copy of the website or take a screenshot (or even a printout, which can go into the appendix of the text) of the website you intend to cite. By doing so, you can ensure that you have cited the website correctly. This also means that your citation is accurate based on your last access of the website. Example from the website British Council: An article called “Can we learn a second language like we learned our first?” including information about the author and the date of publication. Make sure to scroll down to the bottom of the page: This is where you will find the site´s copyright and legal information, which also helps you evaluate whether the website is a reliable source or not (terms of use, name of the operator, regular updates, etc.). If there is no author, this is where you can find the name of the operator. Essay Printing & Binding You are already done writing your essay and need a high quality printing & binding service? Then you are right to choose BachelorPrint! Check out our 24-hour online printing service. For more information click the button below : In a Nutshell Citing a website entails an entry in the reference list ; it must be treated just as any other type of source. Citing websites as secondary source should be the exception rather than the rule; it is recommended that you mainly quote sources in print. When citing a website, it is mandatory to include the date when you last accessed the website, because contents on websites can easily be changed or deleted. Make sure the information provided by the website you are citing is reliable , and only cite quotable websites in your bachelor’s or master’s thesis. The main components of website citations are: Author, title, domain, URL, date of last access, and date of publication. If there is no author, you can include the operator of the website and the name of the domain instead.
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[Other tips](https://www.bachelorprint.com/category/tips/other-tips/) [Plagiarism Checker With Results Within 10 Min. Plagiarism Checker Online Within 10 Min. Check Your Dissertation](https://www.bachelorprint.com/plagiarism-checker/) [Create Your Binding With Individual Design Create Your Binding With Individual Design Configure Your Binding](https://www.bachelorprint.com/printing-services/bindings/) [Custom Online Script Printing Custom Online Script Printing To Script Printing](https://www.bachelorprint.com/printing-services/script-printing/) # How to cite a website 04\.28.2020 [Citation](https://www.bachelorprint.com/category/citation/) Time to read: 8min How do you like this article? 0 Reviews 👍 0 👎 ### Important Components & Examples ### Definition: Citing a Website Online Sources: internet sources are quotes, pictures, recordings, etc. taken from websites on the World Wide Web (cf. Franck & Stary 2009: 191). Besides this, articles from websites also count as online sources. When you cite a website, it is crucial to include these components: Author Surname, Name. Date of publication. Title of the article. Domain. URL. Date of last access. Index Inhaltsverzeichnis - [1 FAQs](https://www.bachelorprint.com/citing-sources/cite-a-website/#FAQs) - [2 Overview](https://www.bachelorprint.com/citing-sources/cite-a-website/#Overview) - [3 Important Components](https://www.bachelorprint.com/citing-sources/cite-a-website/#Important_Components) - [4 Examples](https://www.bachelorprint.com/citing-sources/cite-a-website/#Examples) - [5 All Important Rules](https://www.bachelorprint.com/citing-sources/cite-a-website/#All_Important_Rules) - [6 In a Nutshell](https://www.bachelorprint.com/citing-sources/cite-a-website/#In_a_Nutshell) ## FAQs ### [What is a citation?](https://www.bachelorprint.com/citing-sources/cite-a-website/#1589377420989-5ec5b42b-eb1c) A citation is a reference to a source of information that was used in the writing of a book, article, [thesis](https://www.bachelorprint.com/thesis/) or research paper. Citations give your readers clear guidelines on the sources of the information used in the completion of an academic writing text. Citations are usually written at the end of the report, usually in alphabetical order. This greatly helps the writer avoid plagiarism when writing especially long texts. Plus, it shows the readers where the writer obtained his information and they can also visit these sources to learn more about the research topic. ### [How do you cite a website?](https://www.bachelorprint.com/citing-sources/cite-a-website/#1589377421055-9c0df844-f6a0) Every source of information used while completing an academic writing project have to be cited. This includes sources referenced from websites, online articles, journals, etc. The formatting used for referencing a website will depend on the [referencing style](https://www.bachelorprint.com/citing-sources/referencing-citation-styles/) that you’re using. However, website citations generally require the following information: The author(s) name(s) \[in last name, first name format\], ‘title of the source/ web page’, title of Website, publisher or website name, date published \[in Day, Month, Year format\] and finally, the website URL. ### [What are the different website citation styles?](https://www.bachelorprint.com/citing-sources/cite-a-website/#1589378400776-c1fa17b1-97af) As with every other writing project that requires citations, websites can also be cited in the three major citation styles as follows: a. The [APA style](https://www.bachelorprint.com/apa-style/) (American Psychological Association): This is an author-year system of citation. It is mostly used for Education, Psychology, and Science writings. b. The MLA (Modern Language Association) Style: This is an author-page system of citation. It is mostly used for writing in the Humanities field. c. The Chicago Style: This is an extremely flexible style of citation that combines two referencing styles (footnotes and author-year system). It is used for writing in Business, History and Fine Arts. ### [How important is citing a website used in a writing project?](https://www.bachelorprint.com/citing-sources/cite-a-website/#1589378198428-7c71e4a4-4c5e) Website citation while writing an article, journal entry, [dissertation](https://www.bachelorprint.com/dissertation/) or book has numerous important functions. Firstly, it helps the writer avoid plagiarizing other writers’ intellectual property which were utilized for the completion of the academic writing project. Secondly, it gives the writer a good way of keeping track of all information and sources referenced from websites that were used. Lastly, it also provides the readers details about where to find extra information about the research topic. ### [When should I do a website citation?](https://www.bachelorprint.com/citing-sources/cite-a-website/#1589524285494-201e7c6d-5a29) Website citations are required every time information is referenced from a website for an academic essay, [research paper](https://www.bachelorprint.com/research-paper/), dissertation, article or book. Regardless of how insignificant or minimal the information is that you sourced from the website, a citation has to be made to avoid plagiarism. As a writer, it is your imperative to appropriately reference your sources, in order to avoid being penalized for unlawfully using some else’s work. ## Overview If you want to cite a website, you have to provide a full citation in your reference list. This example shows how to cite a website using the [APA citation](https://www.bachelorprint.com/apa-style/apa-citation/) style: \| \| \| \| \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| Website citation component \| Mandatory \| Examples \| Comments \| \| Author of the website/article \| Yes \| \- Eckhoff, Luis G. - Harvard Library \| If the author is not named (Note that the information on the website might not be reliable! Reconsider citing from this website) put in the operator’s name (or domain), or “n.a.” (no author) \| \| Title of the website/the website article \| Yes \| Citation and Research Management Tools at Harvard \| If there is no headline, use the title of the website \| \| Domain (operator) \| Yes \| Website of Harvard University \| \- Use the term “Website” or “online” to clarify what kind of source you are citing - Corresponds to editors/title of an edited volume (use italics if necessary) - Include the domain in case it is a large internet portal \| \| Date of publication \| Yes, if available \| \- 2016 - December 2016 - 15 March 2014 \| \- Important date; it is also part of the short reference in the text - If there is no date, use the date of your last access in the short reference \| \| Web address, URL \| Yes \| https://guides.library. harvard.edu/cite/guides. \| \- Shortening the URL is not permissible - Using hyphens for line segmentation can be confusing (since the hyphen is not part of the actual URL), so you should use a space after a slash and set it to left alignment \| \| DOI (Digital Object Identifier) \| Yes, if available \| DOI: 10.5539/ ijel.v3n3p14 \| Can be used instead of/in addition to the URL \| \| Date of last access \| Yes \| \- Retrieved March 5, 2001 from the World Wide Web - Last accessed 12th Apr 2019 \| \- Put in exact date (day, year) in case the website is frequently updated - Keep a screenshot of the website article \| In your bachelor´s or master’s theses, as well as other pieces of academic writing, you must ensure to only cite websites with academic content! Not all articles and websites on the web are suitable for academic texts. Recommended: [How to cite an article](https://www.bachelorprint.com/citing-sources/cite-an-article/) ### Properly Referencing a Website Author name & article title: If you are citing a website, it is mandatory to name the author and the title of the cited article. URL & DOI number: Moreover, the URL is part of the citation and the DOI number can also be included. Date of last access & date of publication: The date of last access is another compulsory element when citing a website. For example: Retrieved March 5, 2019. If you can find information on the publication date of the website article you want to cite, you should include this. Sometimes you might not be able to find a publication date. In that case, you can use the date that you last accessed the website in the short references (cf. Samac, Prenner, & Schwetz 2009: 95 ff., Szuchman 2005: 106). ## Important Components The table below gives an overview of the most important components of website citations, irrespective of the citation style chosen. The table also indicates which elements are mandatory for a full website and which are not, as well as including examples for each element. You will also find comments that explain the different components in more detail. It is necessary to name the author of the website article. However, you may not always find information about the author of the website contents you are citing. In such cases, you should put in the name of the website or domain operator. If there is no information regarding the operator either, you can use “n.a.”, which means “no author”. \| \| \| \| \| \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| \| ![Reading-printing-services-premium-leather-book-binding-comparison](data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20190%20250'%3E%3C/svg%3E) ![Reading-printing-services-premium-leather-book-binding-comparison](https://www.bachelorprint.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Reading-printing-services-premium-leather-book-binding-comparison.png) \| ![Reading-printing-services-standard-leather-book-binding-comparison](data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20190%20250'%3E%3C/svg%3E) ![Reading-printing-services-standard-leather-book-binding-comparison](https://www.bachelorprint.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Reading-printing-services-standard-leather-book-binding-comparison.png) \| ![Reading-printing-services-thermal-binding-comparison](data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20190%20250'%3E%3C/svg%3E) ![Reading-printing-services-thermal-binding-comparison](https://www.bachelorprint.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Reading-printing-services-thermal-binding-comparison.png) \| ![Reading-printing-services-spiral-binding-comparison](data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20190%20250'%3E%3C/svg%3E) ![Reading-printing-services-spiral-binding-comparison](https://www.bachelorprint.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Reading-printing-services-spiral-binding-comparison.png) \| \| \| ![Reading-printing-services-colors-4](data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20190%2030'%3E%3C/svg%3E) ![Reading-printing-services-colors-4](https://www.bachelorprint.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Reading-printing-services-colors-4.png) \| ![Reading-printing-services-colors-4](data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20190%2030'%3E%3C/svg%3E) ![Reading-printing-services-colors-4](https://www.bachelorprint.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Reading-printing-services-colors-4.png) \| ![Reading-printing-services-colors-7](data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20190%2030'%3E%3C/svg%3E) ![Reading-printing-services-colors-7](https://www.bachelorprint.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Reading-printing-services-colors-7.png) \| ![Reading-printing-services-colors-7](data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20190%2030'%3E%3C/svg%3E) ![Reading-printing-services-colors-7](https://www.bachelorprint.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Reading-printing-services-colors-7.png) \| \| \| Premium Leather Book Binding \| Standard Leather Book Binding \| Thermal Binding \| Spiral Binding \| \| \| From \$29.90 \| From \$24.90 \| From \$17.90 \| From \$10.90 \| \| Colours \| Blue, black, red, or green \| Blue, black, red, or green \| Blue, black, red, green, yellow, white, or gray \| Blue, black, red, green, yellow, white, or gray \| \| Finish \| Textured, matte, soft, and leather look \| Textured, shiny, and smooth \| Transparent front film & back page in leather look \| Transparent front film & back page in leather look \| \| Embossing \| Cover & spine \| Cover & spine \| \- \| \- \| \| Colour of embossing \| Gold, black, or silver \| Gold, black, or silver \| \- \| \- \| \| Colour of corners \| Gold, black, or silver \| Gold, black, or silver \| \- \| \- \| \| Number of pages \| 10 - 370 \| 10 - 370 \| 2 - 450 \| 1 - 300 \| \| \| [configure now](https://www.bachelorprint.com/24h-online-shop/) \| [configure now](https://www.bachelorprint.com/24h-online-shop/) \| [configure now](https://www.bachelorprint.com/24h-online-shop/) \| [configure now](https://www.bachelorprint.com/24h-online-shop/) \| Recommended: [How to cite a book](https://www.bachelorprint.com/citing-sources/how-to-cite-a-book/) ## Examples Below you will find examples on how to cite a website using two of the most common citation systems – APA citation and [Harvard referencing](https://www.bachelorprint.com/harvard-referencing/). ### Example: Citing Websites Using APA Style Ghosh, P. (2019, April 10). First ever black hole image released. BBC News. Last accessed 21th Apr 2019: <https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-47873592>. Rudlin, D. (2019, April 11). Why are we so bad at planning cities? The Guardian. Last accessed 12th Apr 2019: <https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2019/apr/11/why-are-we-so-bad-at-planning-cities>. Citing a website: Short references in the text (Ghosh, 2019) (Rudlin, 2019) ### Citing a Website Using Harvard Style Although the term “Harvard Style” is frequently used, it does not refer to a manual of style such as “The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association” (short: APA) or “The Chicago Manual of Style”, which you can use for reference when checking how to cite a website in that particular style. The term Harvard referencing is “another name for the author/date citation system, whereby the author and date is placed in parentheses, e.g. (Robbins 1987) to refer readers to the full bibliographic citations” (cf. Harvard Library 2018, Chernin 1988). Consequently, you can cite a website using APA citation style, which is an author/date system. Please note: All citation styles draw on the same kind of information. What differs is punctuation and the order in which the elements are presented. ## All Important Rules Online sources and websites are increasingly used as your studies become more focused, e.g. in a cultural discourse. Therefore, it is crucial to know how to cite a website when you are using it as source for your thesis. ### Rule \#1: If you are citing a website, it has to be included in the reference list. This is not always easy, as in many cases internet sources do not have page numbers and cannot be assigned to an author or to their year of publication. If you are citing material from an institution´s website, e.g. a ministry, this institution is cited as the author (cf. Kruse 2010: 118). ### Rule \#2: What you have to bear in mind when citing a website is differentiatinge between “real” online sources and those that might also exist in print. Many academic journals for example are published online only; however, such journal articles are not regarded as website sources, as they could theoretically exist as print, too. Moreover, there is an issue number and the individual articles can be downloaded in PDF format. Only if the online version differs from the print version is advisable to include the URL and the date of last access (cf. Samac, Prenner & Schwetz 2009: 100). ### Rule \#3: You also have to be careful with using online sources as reference. They can function as a primary source but less as a secondary source. Please bear in mind: Since websites are transient sources of information which can also disappear/can be deleted as quickly as they popped up, it is vital to mark this in the reference list. You can do so by listing the publication date of the website, or if possible, the date of the most recent update. Moreover, you should include the date when you last accessed the website (cf. Samac, Prenner, & Schwetz 2009: 101). It is recommended to make a copy of the website or take a screenshot (or even a printout, which can go into the appendix of the text) of the website you intend to cite. By doing so, you can ensure that you have cited the website correctly. This also means that your citation is accurate based on your last access of the website. ![How-to-cite-a-website-author-info](data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20550%20409'%3E%3C/svg%3E) ![How-to-cite-a-website-author-info](https://www.bachelorprint.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/How-to-cite-a-website-author-info.jpg) Example from the website British Council: An article called “Can we learn a second language like we learned our first?” including information about the author and the date of publication. ![how-to-cite-a-website-trust](data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20550%20409'%3E%3C/svg%3E) ![how-to-cite-a-website-trust](https://www.bachelorprint.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/how-to-cite-a-website-trust.jpg) Make sure to scroll down to the bottom of the page: This is where you will find the site´s copyright and legal information, which also helps you evaluate whether the website is a reliable source or not (terms of use, name of the operator, regular updates, etc.). If there is no author, this is where you can find the name of the operator. [![how-to-cite-a-website-essay-printing-binding-250x250](data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20250%20250'%3E%3C/svg%3E)![how-to-cite-a-website-essay-printing-binding-250x250](https://www.bachelorprint.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/how-to-cite-a-website-essay-printing-binding-250x250-1.png)](https://www.bachelorprint.com/printing-services/essay-printing-binding/) Essay Printing & Binding You are already done writing your essay and need a high quality printing & binding service? Then you are right to choose BachelorPrint! Check out our 24-hour online printing service. For more information click the button below: ## In a Nutshell - Citing a website entails an entry in the reference list; it must be treated just as any other type of source. - Citing websites as secondary source should be the exception rather than the rule; it is recommended that you mainly quote sources in print. - When citing a website, it is mandatory to include the date when you last accessed the website, because contents on websites can easily be changed or deleted. - Make sure the information provided by the website you are citing is reliable, and only cite quotable websites in your bachelor’s or master’s thesis. - The main components of website citations are: Author, title, domain, URL, date of last access, and date of publication. - If there is no author, you can include the operator of the website and the name of the domain instead. How do you like this article? 0 Reviews 👍 0 👎 [![mm](data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2056%2056'%3E%3C/svg%3E)![mm](https://www.bachelorprint.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Autorenbild-Salome-Stolle.jpg)](https://www.bachelorprint.com/citing-sources/cite-a-website/) By ### Salome Stolle About the author Salome Stolle works as the brand manager for the English market at BachelorPrint. Throughout her 12-year residency in Denmark, she completed her International baccalaureate and Master’s in Culture, Communication, and Globalization with a specialization in media and market consumption. Through this experience, she has gained advanced competencies in academic writing and a high proficiency level in the English language. With her passion for writing, she does not only deliver well-written content but also strives to adjust to the students’ demands. [Show all articles from this author](https://www.bachelorprint.com/author/salome-stolle/) [Read the previous article](https://www.bachelorprint.com/citing-sources/cite-an-article/) [Read the next article](https://www.bachelorprint.com/apa-style/) *** ### Cite This Article ## Bibliography Stolle, S. (2020, April 28). How to cite a website. BachelorPrint. https://www.bachelorprint.com/citing-sources/cite-a-website/ (retrieved 04.08.2026) Copy ## In-text citation Parenthetical (Stolle , 2020) Copy Narrative Stolle (2020) Copy ## Bibliography Stolle, Salome. 2020. "How to cite a website." BachelorPrint, Retrieved April 08, 2026. https://www.bachelorprint.com/citing-sources/cite-a-website/. Copy ## In-text citation Parenthetical (Stolle 2020) Copy ## Bibliography Salome Stolle, "How to cite a website," BachelorPrint, April 28, 2020, https://www.bachelorprint.com/citing-sources/cite-a-website/ (retrieved April 08, 2026). Copy ## Footnotes Short note Stolle, "Shortened title." Copy ## Bibliography Stolle, Salome: How to cite a website, in: BachelorPrint, 04.28.2020, \[online\] https://www.bachelorprint.com/citing-sources/cite-a-website/ (retrieved 04.08.2026). Copy ## Footnotes Full note Stolle, Salome: How to cite a website, in: BachelorPrint, 04.28.2020, \[online\] https://www.bachelorprint.com/citing-sources/cite-a-website/ (retrieved 04.08.2026). Copy Direct quote Stolle, 2020. Copy Indirect quote Stolle, 2020. Copy ## Bibliography Stolle, Salome (2020): How to cite a website, in: BachelorPrint, \[online\] https://www.bachelorprint.com/citing-sources/cite-a-website/ (retrieved 04.08.2026). Copy ## In-text citation Direct quote (Stolle, 2020) Copy Indirect quote (Stolle, 2020) Copy Narrative Stolle (2020) Copy ## Bibliography Stolle, Salome. "How to cite a website." BachelorPrint, 04.28.2020, https://www.bachelorprint.com/citing-sources/cite-a-website/ (retrieved 04.08.2026). Copy ## In-text citation Parenthetical (Stolle) Copy Narrative Stolle Copy ## Bibliography Number. Stolle S. How to cite a website \[Internet\]. BachelorPrint. 2020 \[cited 04.08.2026\]. 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Readable Markdown	Important Components & Examples ### Definition: Citing a Website Online Sources: internet sources are quotes, pictures, recordings, etc. taken from websites on the World Wide Web (cf. Franck & Stary 2009: 191). Besides this, articles from websites also count as online sources. When you cite a website, it is crucial to include these components: Author Surname, Name. Date of publication. Title of the article. Domain. URL. Date of last access. Index ## FAQs [What is a citation?](https://www.bachelorprint.com/citing-sources/cite-a-website/#1589377420989-5ec5b42b-eb1c) A citation is a reference to a source of information that was used in the writing of a book, article, [thesis](https://www.bachelorprint.com/thesis/) or research paper. Citations give your readers clear guidelines on the sources of the information used in the completion of an academic writing text. Citations are usually written at the end of the report, usually in alphabetical order. This greatly helps the writer avoid plagiarism when writing especially long texts. Plus, it shows the readers where the writer obtained his information and they can also visit these sources to learn more about the research topic. [How do you cite a website?](https://www.bachelorprint.com/citing-sources/cite-a-website/#1589377421055-9c0df844-f6a0) Every source of information used while completing an academic writing project have to be cited. This includes sources referenced from websites, online articles, journals, etc. The formatting used for referencing a website will depend on the [referencing style](https://www.bachelorprint.com/citing-sources/referencing-citation-styles/) that you’re using. However, website citations generally require the following information: The author(s) name(s) \[in last name, first name format\], ‘title of the source/ web page’, title of Website, publisher or website name, date published \[in Day, Month, Year format\] and finally, the website URL. [What are the different website citation styles?](https://www.bachelorprint.com/citing-sources/cite-a-website/#1589378400776-c1fa17b1-97af) As with every other writing project that requires citations, websites can also be cited in the three major citation styles as follows: a. The [APA style](https://www.bachelorprint.com/apa-style/) (American Psychological Association): This is an author-year system of citation. It is mostly used for Education, Psychology, and Science writings. b. The MLA (Modern Language Association) Style: This is an author-page system of citation. It is mostly used for writing in the Humanities field. c. The Chicago Style: This is an extremely flexible style of citation that combines two referencing styles (footnotes and author-year system). It is used for writing in Business, History and Fine Arts. [How important is citing a website used in a writing project?](https://www.bachelorprint.com/citing-sources/cite-a-website/#1589378198428-7c71e4a4-4c5e) Website citation while writing an article, journal entry, [dissertation](https://www.bachelorprint.com/dissertation/) or book has numerous important functions. Firstly, it helps the writer avoid plagiarizing other writers’ intellectual property which were utilized for the completion of the academic writing project. Secondly, it gives the writer a good way of keeping track of all information and sources referenced from websites that were used. Lastly, it also provides the readers details about where to find extra information about the research topic. [When should I do a website citation?](https://www.bachelorprint.com/citing-sources/cite-a-website/#1589524285494-201e7c6d-5a29) Website citations are required every time information is referenced from a website for an academic essay, [research paper](https://www.bachelorprint.com/research-paper/), dissertation, article or book. Regardless of how insignificant or minimal the information is that you sourced from the website, a citation has to be made to avoid plagiarism. As a writer, it is your imperative to appropriately reference your sources, in order to avoid being penalized for unlawfully using some else’s work. ## Overview If you want to cite a website, you have to provide a full citation in your reference list. This example shows how to cite a website using the [APA citation](https://www.bachelorprint.com/apa-style/apa-citation/) style: \| \| \| \| \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| Website citation component \| Mandatory \| Examples \| Comments \| \| Author of the website/article \| Yes \| \- Eckhoff, Luis G. - Harvard Library \| If the author is not named (Note that the information on the website might not be reliable! Reconsider citing from this website) put in the operator’s name (or domain), or “n.a.” (no author) \| \| Title of the website/the website article \| Yes \| Citation and Research Management Tools at Harvard \| If there is no headline, use the title of the website \| \| Domain (operator) \| Yes \| Website of Harvard University \| \- Use the term “Website” or “online” to clarify what kind of source you are citing - Corresponds to editors/title of an edited volume (use italics if necessary) - Include the domain in case it is a large internet portal \| \| Date of publication \| Yes, if available \| \- 2016 - December 2016 - 15 March 2014 \| \- Important date; it is also part of the short reference in the text - If there is no date, use the date of your last access in the short reference \| \| Web address, URL \| Yes \| https://guides.library. harvard.edu/cite/guides. \| \- Shortening the URL is not permissible - Using hyphens for line segmentation can be confusing (since the hyphen is not part of the actual URL), so you should use a space after a slash and set it to left alignment \| \| DOI (Digital Object Identifier) \| Yes, if available \| DOI: 10.5539/ ijel.v3n3p14 \| Can be used instead of/in addition to the URL \| \| Date of last access \| Yes \| \- Retrieved March 5, 2001 from the World Wide Web - Last accessed 12th Apr 2019 \| \- Put in exact date (day, year) in case the website is frequently updated - Keep a screenshot of the website article \| In your bachelor´s or master’s theses, as well as other pieces of academic writing, you must ensure to only cite websites with academic content! Not all articles and websites on the web are suitable for academic texts. ### Properly Referencing a Website Author name & article title: If you are citing a website, it is mandatory to name the author and the title of the cited article. URL & DOI number: Moreover, the URL is part of the citation and the DOI number can also be included. Date of last access & date of publication: The date of last access is another compulsory element when citing a website. For example: Retrieved March 5, 2019. If you can find information on the publication date of the website article you want to cite, you should include this. Sometimes you might not be able to find a publication date. In that case, you can use the date that you last accessed the website in the short references (cf. Samac, Prenner, & Schwetz 2009: 95 ff., Szuchman 2005: 106). ## Important Components The table below gives an overview of the most important components of website citations, irrespective of the citation style chosen. The table also indicates which elements are mandatory for a full website and which are not, as well as including examples for each element. You will also find comments that explain the different components in more detail. It is necessary to name the author of the website article. However, you may not always find information about the author of the website contents you are citing. In such cases, you should put in the name of the website or domain operator. 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Citing a website: Short references in the text (Ghosh, 2019) (Rudlin, 2019) ### Citing a Website Using Harvard Style Although the term “Harvard Style” is frequently used, it does not refer to a manual of style such as “The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association” (short: APA) or “The Chicago Manual of Style”, which you can use for reference when checking how to cite a website in that particular style. The term Harvard referencing is “another name for the author/date citation system, whereby the author and date is placed in parentheses, e.g. (Robbins 1987) to refer readers to the full bibliographic citations” (cf. Harvard Library 2018, Chernin 1988). Consequently, you can cite a website using APA citation style, which is an author/date system. Please note: All citation styles draw on the same kind of information. What differs is punctuation and the order in which the elements are presented. ## All Important Rules Online sources and websites are increasingly used as your studies become more focused, e.g. in a cultural discourse. Therefore, it is crucial to know how to cite a website when you are using it as source for your thesis. ### Rule \#1: If you are citing a website, it has to be included in the reference list. This is not always easy, as in many cases internet sources do not have page numbers and cannot be assigned to an author or to their year of publication. If you are citing material from an institution´s website, e.g. a ministry, this institution is cited as the author (cf. Kruse 2010: 118). ### Rule \#2: What you have to bear in mind when citing a website is differentiatinge between “real” online sources and those that might also exist in print. Many academic journals for example are published online only; however, such journal articles are not regarded as website sources, as they could theoretically exist as print, too. Moreover, there is an issue number and the individual articles can be downloaded in PDF format. Only if the online version differs from the print version is advisable to include the URL and the date of last access (cf. Samac, Prenner & Schwetz 2009: 100). ### Rule \#3: You also have to be careful with using online sources as reference. They can function as a primary source but less as a secondary source. Please bear in mind: Since websites are transient sources of information which can also disappear/can be deleted as quickly as they popped up, it is vital to mark this in the reference list. You can do so by listing the publication date of the website, or if possible, the date of the most recent update. Moreover, you should include the date when you last accessed the website (cf. Samac, Prenner, & Schwetz 2009: 101). It is recommended to make a copy of the website or take a screenshot (or even a printout, which can go into the appendix of the text) of the website you intend to cite. By doing so, you can ensure that you have cited the website correctly. This also means that your citation is accurate based on your last access of the website. ![How-to-cite-a-website-author-info](https://www.bachelorprint.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/How-to-cite-a-website-author-info.jpg) Example from the website British Council: An article called “Can we learn a second language like we learned our first?” including information about the author and the date of publication. ![how-to-cite-a-website-trust](https://www.bachelorprint.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/how-to-cite-a-website-trust.jpg) Make sure to scroll down to the bottom of the page: This is where you will find the site´s copyright and legal information, which also helps you evaluate whether the website is a reliable source or not (terms of use, name of the operator, regular updates, etc.). If there is no author, this is where you can find the name of the operator. 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For more information click the button below: ## In a Nutshell - Citing a website entails an entry in the reference list; it must be treated just as any other type of source. - Citing websites as secondary source should be the exception rather than the rule; it is recommended that you mainly quote sources in print. - When citing a website, it is mandatory to include the date when you last accessed the website, because contents on websites can easily be changed or deleted. - Make sure the information provided by the website you are citing is reliable, and only cite quotable websites in your bachelor’s or master’s thesis. - The main components of website citations are: Author, title, domain, URL, date of last access, and date of publication. - If there is no author, you can include the operator of the website and the name of the domain instead.
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