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| Meta Title | Diarrhea in Pets: Causes and Treatments - The Animal Medical Center |
| Meta Description | Diarrhea occurs when there is excess water in the stool due to either the colonâs inability to absorb water as it travels through the intestines |
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Diarrhea is a common condition in which there is excess water in the stool due to either the colonâs inability to absorb water as it travels through the intestines or due to the excess secretion of water by the large intestine.
Diarrhea may be either acute (one or more episodes of diarrhea lasting less than 14 days) or chronic (lasting more than 14 days or intermittent over 3-4 weeks).
For dogs, many cases of acute diarrhea can be attributed to a dietary indiscretion, which is less often the case for cats. Cats, in fact, are more likely to have cases of chronic diarrhea.
Diarrhea may be a clinical sign of an intestinal problem or a disorder not involving the intestines.
Signs
Veterinarians use fecal scoring scales in order to standardize their assessment of a petâs stool. One of the common fecal scoring charts uses a 7-point scale. A score of 1 is a very hard and dry stool while a score of 7 is watery diarrhea. A score of 2 or 3 is considered normal.
(Photo credit: Purina ProPlan Veterinary Diets)
Possible Causes
There are many reasons why dogs have diarrhea. Some of the more common causes are:
Bacterial infection
Salmonella
is a type of bacteria that can cause inflammation of the intestines.
Campylobacter
is a type of bacteria that can cause gastroenteritis, or inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract.
Blockage or obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract
Blockage or obstruction is an emergency condition that can be caused by a foreign body, folding of the intestines, bloat, or constipation. Common signs of GI obstruction include pain, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Cancer or tumor
Cancer is a disease in which abnormal cells grow and reproduce, often in a mass called a tumor. These abnormal cells have the ability to spread to surrounding tissues or other areas in the body.
Diet
Food intolerance or allergy occurs when substances that are inhaled, ingested, or absorbed into the body, stimulate the immune system, resulting in inflammation. Pets can have allergies to substances in the air or in food. Food poisoning can be the result of food and water becoming contaminated with bacteria such as
Salmonella, Campylobacter
and
E coli
.
Drug-induced
Antibiotics are a common cause.
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI)
EPI is caused by an insufficient secretion of the digestive enzymes by the pancreas. This can lead to an inability to digest nutrients properly, leading to diarrhea.
Fungal infection
Fungal infections, such as Histoplasmosis in dogs, can infect multiple organs, such as the lungs, intestines, lymph nodes, liver, spleen, and bone marrow.
Hemorrhagic gastroenteritis (HGE)
HGE is a life-threatening disease characterized by a large volume of bloody diarrhea and vomiting. This is often accompanied by hemoconcentration, or a decreased volume of plasma to red blood cells in the blood. It is not contagious and is typically seen in small dogs, such as Yorkshire terriers, Miniature pinschers, Miniature schnauzers, Miniature poodles, and Maltese.
Hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism is when the thyroid gland, which controls metabolism, is overactive and leads to an increased level of thyroid hormones.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
is characterized by clinical signs such as vomiting, diarrhea, and weight loss.
Intestinal parasites
Parasites in the stomach or intestines can be a cause of diarrhea or other clinical signs in pets.
Kidney disease
is the decreased ability for the kidneys to filter waste products from the blood.
Liver disease
The liver is responsible for filtering toxins from the body. Liver failure is the inability of the liver to function properly.
Viral infection
Canine parvovirus, feline panleukopenia, canine distemper virus, feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) can also cause diarrhea. These diseases are highly contagious and can be life threatening. Immediate veterinary care is recommended.
Treatment
If your dog or cat is healthy and showing no other signs, you can take a âwait-and-seeâ approach to allow the digestive system to rest. Withhold food for 24 hours and restrict water to small drinks every few hours. Offer bland food afterwards, such as boiled, skinless chicken, and white rice.
Puppies and kittens with diarrhea should see a veterinarian immediately.
Successful management of diarrhea requires treatment of the underlying condition or disease.
Your veterinarian may prescribe certain treatments depending on the underlying cause. These include de-wormers, antibiotics, vitamin or enzyme supplementation, steroids, or a diet change.
If your pet has diarrhea lasting over 24 hours, or is showing additional clinical signs such as vomiting, fever, blood in the stool, distress, lethargy, decreased appetite, or weight loss, seek veterinary care and bring a stool sample for testing.
Prevention
In many cases, diarrhea can be prevented. Feed your pet a consistent diet, limit rich foods, and keep trash away from curious pets. Your pet should also get the recommended vaccinations according to your veterinarian and should also be tested annually for intestinal parasites. |
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- [Integrative Medicine](https://www.amcny.org/pet-owners/specialties/sports-medicine-rehabilitation-integrative-medicine/)
- [Internal Medicine](https://www.amcny.org/pet-owners/specialities/internal-medicine/)
- [Interventional Radiology & Endoscopy](https://www.amcny.org/pet-owners/specialities/interventional-radiology-endoscopy/)
- [Minimally Invasive Surgery](https://www.amcny.org/pet-owners/specialties/minimally-invasive-surgery/)
- [Neurology & Neuroendoscopy](https://www.amcny.org/pet-owners/specialities/neurology/)
- [Oncology](https://www.amcny.org/pet-owners/specialities/oncolgy/)
- [Ophthalmology](https://www.amcny.org/pet-owners/specialties/ophthalmology/)
- [Pathology](https://www.amcny.org/pet-owners/specialities/pathology/)
- [Primary Care](https://www.amcny.org/pet-owners/specialties/primary-care)
- [Radiation Oncology](https://www.amcny.org/pet-owners/specialities/radiation-oncology/)
- [Reptile & Amphibian Health](https://www.amcny.org/pet-owners/specialities/avian-exotic-pet-medicine/)
- [Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation](https://www.amcny.org/pet-owners/specialties/sports-medicine-rehabilitation-integrative-medicine/)
- [Surgery](https://www.amcny.org/pet-owners/specialities/surgery/)
- [Surgical Oncology](https://www.amcny.org/pet-owners/specialties/surgical-oncology/)
- [Urgent Care](https://www.amcny.org/pet-owners/specialties/urgent-care/)
##### [Find A Doctor](https://www.amcny.org/pet_health_library/diarrhea-causes-and-treatments/%0D%0A%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%20%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09https://www.amcny.org/visit-amc/find-a-doctor/%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09)
#### Find A Doctor
The Schwarzman Animal Medical Center is dedicated to providing the highest quality medical care. Search our world-renowned staff by name, department, or condition.
[Search Now](https://www.amcny.org/visit-amc/find-a-doctor/)

##### [About Your Visit](https://www.amcny.org/pet_health_library/diarrhea-causes-and-treatments/%0D%0A%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%20%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09https://www.amcny.org/visit-amc/about-your-visit-what-to-expect%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09)
#### About Your Visit
Get ready for your visit to AMC with important information on parking, renovations, and hospital policies.
[Learn More](https://www.amcny.org/visit-amc/about-your-visit/)

##### [Financial Assistance](https://www.amcny.org/pet_health_library/diarrhea-causes-and-treatments/%0D%0A%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%20%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09javascript:void\(0\))
- [AMC's Options for Financial Aid](https://www.amcny.org/financial-assistance/)
- [Outside Sources of Financial Aid](https://www.amcny.org/outside-sources-of-financial-aid/)
##### [Our Blog](https://www.amcny.org/pet_health_library/diarrhea-causes-and-treatments/%0D%0A%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%20%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09https://www.amcny.org/blog%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09)
#### Our Blog
Written by staff oncologist and internist, Dr. Ann Hohenhaus, AMCâs weekly blog is an engaging and educational resource for pet owners looking for pet health tips and information.
[Learn More](https://www.amcny.org/blog)

##### [Ask the Vet Podcast](https://www.amcny.org/pet_health_library/diarrhea-causes-and-treatments/%0D%0A%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%20%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09https://www.amcny.org/ask-the-vet-podcast/%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09)
#### Ask the Vet Podcast
In partnership with Sirius XM, the Schwarzman Animal Medical Center presents âAsk the Vet,â a podcast all about the pets we love and how to care for them. Dr. Ann Hohenhaus answers questions for pet parents, chats with leading animal experts, and talks about the most concerning issues for our furry friends.
[Learn More](https://www.amcny.org/ask-the-vet-podcast/)

##### [Pet Stories](https://www.amcny.org/pet_health_library/diarrhea-causes-and-treatments/%0D%0A%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%20%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09javascript:void\(0\))
#### Pet Stories
Pet stories showcases the remarkable spirit and courage of AMCâs patients and those who care for them.
[Learn More](https://www.amcny.org/pet-stories)

##### [Social Work Services](https://www.amcny.org/pet_health_library/diarrhea-causes-and-treatments/%0D%0A%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%20%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09javascript:void\(0\))
- [Pet Loss Support Program](https://www.amcny.org/pet-loss-support-program)
- [Pet Loss Support Resources](https://www.amcny.org/pet-loss-support-resources/)
- [About Social Work at AMC](https://www.amcny.org/about-social-work-at-AMC)
- [Pet Caregiver Support Group](https://www.amcny.org/pet-caregiver-support-group/)
##### [Pet Health Resources](https://www.amcny.org/pet_health_library/diarrhea-causes-and-treatments/%0D%0A%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%20%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09javascript:void\(0\))
- [About the Usdan Institute for Animal Health Education](https://www.amcny.org/usdan-institute-for-animal-health-education/)
- [Pet Health Library](https://www.amcny.org/pet-health-library/)
- [Events](https://www.amcny.org/meet-amc/events/#event=usdan-events)
### Veterinary Community
[Close]()
##### [Specialties & Services](https://www.amcny.org/pet_health_library/diarrhea-causes-and-treatments/%0D%0A%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%20%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09javascript:void\(0\))
- [Anesthesia & Pain Management](https://www.amcny.org/pet-owners/specialities/anesthesia-pain-management/)
- [Avian & Exotic Pet Medicine](https://www.amcny.org/pet-owners/specialities/avian-exotic-pet-medicine/)
- [Behavior](https://www.amcny.org/pet-owners/specialties/behavior/)
- [Cardiology](https://www.amcny.org/pet-owners/specialities/cardiology/)
- [Dentistry & Oral Surgery](https://www.amcny.org/pet-owners/specialities/dentistry/)
- [Dermatology](https://www.amcny.org/pet-owners/specialities/dermatology/)
- [Diagnostic Imaging](https://www.amcny.org/pet-owners/specialities/diagnostic-imaging/)
- [Emergency & Critical Care](https://www.amcny.org/pet-owners/specialities/emergency-critical-care/)
- [Hemodialysis](https://www.amcny.org/pet-owners/specialties/hemodialysis-and-extracorporeal-therapies/)
- [Integrative Medicine](https://www.amcny.org/pet-owners/specialties/sports-medicine-rehabilitation-integrative-medicine/)
- [Internal Medicine](https://www.amcny.org/pet-owners/specialities/internal-medicine/)
- [Interventional Radiology & Endoscopy](https://www.amcny.org/pet-owners/specialities/interventional-radiology-endoscopy/)
- [Minimally Invasive Surgery](https://www.amcny.org/pet-owners/specialties/minimally-invasive-surgery/)
- [Neurology & Neuroendoscopy](https://www.amcny.org/pet-owners/specialities/neurology/)
- [Oncology](https://www.amcny.org/pet-owners/specialities/oncolgy/)
- [Ophthalmology](https://www.amcny.org/pet-owners/specialties/ophthalmology/)
- [Pathology](https://www.amcny.org/pet-owners/specialities/pathology/)
- [Primary Care](https://www.amcny.org/pet-owners/specialities/community-practice/)
- [Radiation Oncology](https://www.amcny.org/pet-owners/specialities/radiation-oncology/)
- [Reptile & Amphibian Health](https://www.amcny.org/pet-owners/specialities/avian-exotic-pet-medicine/)
- [Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation](https://www.amcny.org/pet-owners/specialties/sports-medicine-rehabilitation-integrative-medicine/)
- [Surgery](https://www.amcny.org/pet-owners/specialities/surgery/)
- [Surgical Oncology](https://www.amcny.org/pet-owners/specialties/surgical-oncology/)
- [Urgent Care](https://www.amcny.org/pet-owners/specialties/urgent-care/)
##### [Referrals](https://www.amcny.org/pet_health_library/diarrhea-causes-and-treatments/%0D%0A%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%20%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09javascript:void\(0\))
- [Referral Form & Procedures](https://www.amcny.org/referrals)
- [Referral Coordinators](https://www.amcny.org/referral-coordinators/)
- [Send & Receive Medical Records](https://www.amcny.org/medical-records/)
##### [Education](https://www.amcny.org/pet_health_library/diarrhea-causes-and-treatments/%0D%0A%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%20%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09javascript:void\(0\))
- [Postgraduate Education](https://www.amcny.org/postgraduate-education/)
- [Continuing Education](https://www.amcny.org/meet-amc/events/#event=pip)
- [rDVM Newsletter](https://www.amcny.org/rdvm-newsletter/)
##### [Research](https://www.amcny.org/pet_health_library/diarrhea-causes-and-treatments/%0D%0A%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%20%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09javascript:void\(0\))
- [About Research at AMC](https://www.amcny.org/about-research-at-amc/)
- [Clinical Trials](https://www.amcny.org/clinical-trials)
##### [Being an LVT at AMC](https://www.amcny.org/pet_health_library/diarrhea-causes-and-treatments/%0D%0A%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%20%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09javascript:void\(0\))
#### Being a Veterinary Technician at AMC
Being a Veterinary Technician at the Schwarzman Animal Medical Center is a highly rewarding career in a role thatâs critical to the lifesaving care we deliver every day. Our Veterinary Technicians are trusted team members with a high degree of leadership and decision authority, and our culture of learning supports our LVTs with opportunities for mentorship, advancement, and growth.
[Learn More](https://www.amcny.org/being-a-veterinary-technician-at-amc/)

##### [One Health](https://www.amcny.org/pet_health_library/diarrhea-causes-and-treatments/%0D%0A%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%20%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09javascript:void\(0\))
#### The Ann and Charles Johnson One Health Institute
The Ann and Charles Johnson One Health Institute supports the One Health approach to medicine, recognizing the growing connection between the health of animals, people, and the environment.
[Learn More](https://www.amcny.org/the-ann-and-charles-johnson-one-health-institute-at-the-schwarzman-animal-medical-center/)

##### [Alumni Relations](https://www.amcny.org/pet_health_library/diarrhea-causes-and-treatments/%0D%0A%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%20%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09javascript:void\(0\))
#### Alumni Relations
Since 1964, thousands of veterinarians have graduated from AMCâs postgraduate education programs. Weâre immensely proud of the wide ranging achievements and contributions of our alumni.
[Alumni Relations](https://www.amcny.org/alumni-relations/)

##### [Pet Health Holidays 2026](https://www.amcny.org/pet_health_library/diarrhea-causes-and-treatments/%0D%0A%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%20%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09javascript:void\(0\))
#### 2026 Pet Holidays and Veterinary Awareness Days
Public education is one of AMCâs founding principles and an enduring mission. Use this calendar to spread awareness of common pet health topics among your veterinary clients, colleagues, family, and friends.
[Learn More](https://www.amcny.org/2026-pet-holidays-and-veterinary-awareness-days/)

### Supporters
[Close]()
##### [Our Impact](https://www.amcny.org/pet_health_library/diarrhea-causes-and-treatments/%0D%0A%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%20%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09javascript:void\(0\))
#### Our Impact
Weâre able to do amazing things with the support of our donors. Take a look at the impact you make with your donation to the Schwarzman Animal Medical Center.
[Learn More](https://www.amcny.org/our-impact/)

##### [Community Funds](https://www.amcny.org/pet_health_library/diarrhea-causes-and-treatments/%0D%0A%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%20%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09javascript:void\(0\))
#### Community Funds
AMCâs Community Funds assist animals whose owners are unable to afford either basic or lifesaving specialty care, as well as rescue animals, guide dogs, and retired police and military dogs.
[Learn More](https://www.amcny.org/community-funds)

##### [Get Involved](https://www.amcny.org/pet_health_library/diarrhea-causes-and-treatments/%0D%0A%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%20%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09javascript:void\(0\))
- [Donate Today](https://www.amcny.org/pet_health_library/diarrhea-causes-and-treatments/?form=donate)
- [Planned Giving](https://www.amcny.org/planned-giving/)
- [Donor Recognition Societies](https://www.amcny.org/donor-recognition-societies/)
- [More Ways to Support AMC](https://www.amcny.org/more-ways-to-support-amc/)
##### [Donor Honor Wall](https://www.amcny.org/pet_health_library/diarrhea-causes-and-treatments/%0D%0A%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%20%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09https://www.amcny.org/donor-honor-wall/%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09)
#### Donor Honor Wall
The Schwarzman Animal Medical Center extends its deepest gratitude to our committed and loyal supporters who enable us to provide compassionate care and train the veterinary leaders of tomorrow.
[Learn More](https://www.amcny.org/donor-honor-wall/)

##### [Attend an Event](https://www.amcny.org/pet_health_library/diarrhea-causes-and-treatments/%0D%0A%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%20%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09https://www.amcny.org/meet-amc/events/#event=%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09)
#### Attend an Event
The Schwarzman Animal Medical Center hosts regular events in the New York City area. Join us to connect with other pet owners, our veterinary community, and learn more about your petâs health and well-being.
[Learn More](https://www.amcny.org/meet-amc/events/#event=)

##### [Donate Today](https://www.amcny.org/pet_health_library/diarrhea-causes-and-treatments/%0D%0A%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%20%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09https://amcny.networkforgood.com/%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09)
#### Donate Today
As a non-profit institution, AMCâs success is dependent in large part on the generous contributions of donors like you.
[Donate](https://www.amcny.org/pet_health_library/diarrhea-causes-and-treatments/?form=donate)

##### [Capital Campaign](https://www.amcny.org/pet_health_library/diarrhea-causes-and-treatments/%0D%0A%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%20%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09https://www.amcny.org/capital-campaign/%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09%09)
#### A Gift of Love
By adding 16,000 square feet of new construction to the hospital and renovating nearly 67,000 square feet of existing clinical and client spaceâa total of 83,000 square feetâthe *Gift of Love* campaign will transform the Schwarzman Animal Medical Center.
[Learn More](https://www.amcny.org/capital-campaign/)

# [Pet Health Library](https://www.amcny.org/pet-health-library/)
*Select one*
- [Background](https://www.amcny.org/pet_health_library/diarrhea-causes-and-treatments/#tab1)
- [Signs](https://www.amcny.org/pet_health_library/diarrhea-causes-and-treatments/#tab2)
- [Possible Causes](https://www.amcny.org/pet_health_library/diarrhea-causes-and-treatments/#tab3)
- [Treatment](https://www.amcny.org/pet_health_library/diarrhea-causes-and-treatments/#tab4)
- [Prevention](https://www.amcny.org/pet_health_library/diarrhea-causes-and-treatments/#tab5)
- [Background](https://www.amcny.org/pet_health_library/diarrhea-causes-and-treatments/#tab1)
- [Signs](https://www.amcny.org/pet_health_library/diarrhea-causes-and-treatments/#tab2)
- [Possible Causes](https://www.amcny.org/pet_health_library/diarrhea-causes-and-treatments/#tab3)
- [Treatment](https://www.amcny.org/pet_health_library/diarrhea-causes-and-treatments/#tab4)
- [Prevention](https://www.amcny.org/pet_health_library/diarrhea-causes-and-treatments/#tab5)
## Diarrhea in Pets: Causes and Treatments
Updated: 6/17/24

### Background
Diarrhea is a common condition in which there is excess water in the stool due to either the colonâs inability to absorb water as it travels through the intestines or due to the excess secretion of water by the large intestine.
Diarrhea may be either acute (one or more episodes of diarrhea lasting less than 14 days) or chronic (lasting more than 14 days or intermittent over 3-4 weeks).
For dogs, many cases of acute diarrhea can be attributed to a dietary indiscretion, which is less often the case for cats. Cats, in fact, are more likely to have cases of chronic diarrhea.
Diarrhea may be a clinical sign of an intestinal problem or a disorder not involving the intestines.
### Signs
Veterinarians use fecal scoring scales in order to standardize their assessment of a petâs stool. One of the common fecal scoring charts uses a 7-point scale. A score of 1 is a very hard and dry stool while a score of 7 is watery diarrhea. A score of 2 or 3 is considered normal.
[](https://www.amcny.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Fecal-scoring-chart-without-header-scaled.jpg)
```
(Photo credit: Purina ProPlan Veterinary Diets)
```
### Possible Causes
There are many reasons why dogs have diarrhea. Some of the more common causes are:
**Bacterial infection** *Salmonella* is a type of bacteria that can cause inflammation of the intestines. *Campylobacter* is a type of bacteria that can cause gastroenteritis, or inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract.
**Blockage or obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract** Blockage or obstruction is an emergency condition that can be caused by a foreign body, folding of the intestines, bloat, or constipation. Common signs of GI obstruction include pain, vomiting, and diarrhea.
**Cancer or tumor** Cancer is a disease in which abnormal cells grow and reproduce, often in a mass called a tumor. These abnormal cells have the ability to spread to surrounding tissues or other areas in the body.
**Diet** Food intolerance or allergy occurs when substances that are inhaled, ingested, or absorbed into the body, stimulate the immune system, resulting in inflammation. Pets can have allergies to substances in the air or in food. Food poisoning can be the result of food and water becoming contaminated with bacteria such as *Salmonella, Campylobacter* and *E coli*.
**Drug-induced** Antibiotics are a common cause.
**Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI)** EPI is caused by an insufficient secretion of the digestive enzymes by the pancreas. This can lead to an inability to digest nutrients properly, leading to diarrhea.
**Fungal infection** Fungal infections, such as Histoplasmosis in dogs, can infect multiple organs, such as the lungs, intestines, lymph nodes, liver, spleen, and bone marrow.
**Hemorrhagic gastroenteritis (HGE)** HGE is a life-threatening disease characterized by a large volume of bloody diarrhea and vomiting. This is often accompanied by hemoconcentration, or a decreased volume of plasma to red blood cells in the blood. It is not contagious and is typically seen in small dogs, such as Yorkshire terriers, Miniature pinschers, Miniature schnauzers, Miniature poodles, and Maltese.
**Hyperthyroidism** Hyperthyroidism is when the thyroid gland, which controls metabolism, is overactive and leads to an increased level of thyroid hormones.
**Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)** is characterized by clinical signs such as vomiting, diarrhea, and weight loss.
**Intestinal parasites** Parasites in the stomach or intestines can be a cause of diarrhea or other clinical signs in pets.
**Kidney disease** is the decreased ability for the kidneys to filter waste products from the blood.
**Liver disease** The liver is responsible for filtering toxins from the body. Liver failure is the inability of the liver to function properly.
**Viral infection** Canine parvovirus, feline panleukopenia, canine distemper virus, feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) can also cause diarrhea. These diseases are highly contagious and can be life threatening. Immediate veterinary care is recommended.
### Treatment
If your dog or cat is healthy and showing no other signs, you can take a âwait-and-seeâ approach to allow the digestive system to rest. Withhold food for 24 hours and restrict water to small drinks every few hours. Offer bland food afterwards, such as boiled, skinless chicken, and white rice.
- Puppies and kittens with diarrhea should see a veterinarian immediately.
- Successful management of diarrhea requires treatment of the underlying condition or disease.
- Your veterinarian may prescribe certain treatments depending on the underlying cause. These include de-wormers, antibiotics, vitamin or enzyme supplementation, steroids, or a diet change.
*If your pet has diarrhea lasting over 24 hours, or is showing additional clinical signs such as vomiting, fever, blood in the stool, distress, lethargy, decreased appetite, or weight loss, seek veterinary care and bring a stool sample for testing.*
### Prevention
In many cases, diarrhea can be prevented. Feed your pet a consistent diet, limit rich foods, and keep trash away from curious pets. Your pet should also get the recommended vaccinations according to your veterinarian and should also be tested annually for intestinal parasites.
### Make an Appointment






#### Emergency & Critical Care
As New York City's only Level 1 Veterinary Trauma Center at a hospital accredited by the American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA), AMC is the premier veterinary emergency room in the tri-state area. Where you go first for emergency care matters, and there is no better place than the Schwarzman Animal Medical Center.
[Learn More](https://www.amcny.org/pet-owners/specialties/emergency-critical-care/)
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| Readable Markdown | 
### Background
Diarrhea is a common condition in which there is excess water in the stool due to either the colonâs inability to absorb water as it travels through the intestines or due to the excess secretion of water by the large intestine.
Diarrhea may be either acute (one or more episodes of diarrhea lasting less than 14 days) or chronic (lasting more than 14 days or intermittent over 3-4 weeks).
For dogs, many cases of acute diarrhea can be attributed to a dietary indiscretion, which is less often the case for cats. Cats, in fact, are more likely to have cases of chronic diarrhea.
Diarrhea may be a clinical sign of an intestinal problem or a disorder not involving the intestines.
### Signs
Veterinarians use fecal scoring scales in order to standardize their assessment of a petâs stool. One of the common fecal scoring charts uses a 7-point scale. A score of 1 is a very hard and dry stool while a score of 7 is watery diarrhea. A score of 2 or 3 is considered normal.
[](https://www.amcny.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Fecal-scoring-chart-without-header-scaled.jpg)
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(Photo credit: Purina ProPlan Veterinary Diets)
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### Possible Causes
There are many reasons why dogs have diarrhea. Some of the more common causes are:
**Bacterial infection** *Salmonella* is a type of bacteria that can cause inflammation of the intestines. *Campylobacter* is a type of bacteria that can cause gastroenteritis, or inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract.
**Blockage or obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract** Blockage or obstruction is an emergency condition that can be caused by a foreign body, folding of the intestines, bloat, or constipation. Common signs of GI obstruction include pain, vomiting, and diarrhea.
**Cancer or tumor** Cancer is a disease in which abnormal cells grow and reproduce, often in a mass called a tumor. These abnormal cells have the ability to spread to surrounding tissues or other areas in the body.
**Diet** Food intolerance or allergy occurs when substances that are inhaled, ingested, or absorbed into the body, stimulate the immune system, resulting in inflammation. Pets can have allergies to substances in the air or in food. Food poisoning can be the result of food and water becoming contaminated with bacteria such as *Salmonella, Campylobacter* and *E coli*.
**Drug-induced** Antibiotics are a common cause.
**Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI)** EPI is caused by an insufficient secretion of the digestive enzymes by the pancreas. This can lead to an inability to digest nutrients properly, leading to diarrhea.
**Fungal infection** Fungal infections, such as Histoplasmosis in dogs, can infect multiple organs, such as the lungs, intestines, lymph nodes, liver, spleen, and bone marrow.
**Hemorrhagic gastroenteritis (HGE)** HGE is a life-threatening disease characterized by a large volume of bloody diarrhea and vomiting. This is often accompanied by hemoconcentration, or a decreased volume of plasma to red blood cells in the blood. It is not contagious and is typically seen in small dogs, such as Yorkshire terriers, Miniature pinschers, Miniature schnauzers, Miniature poodles, and Maltese.
**Hyperthyroidism** Hyperthyroidism is when the thyroid gland, which controls metabolism, is overactive and leads to an increased level of thyroid hormones.
**Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)** is characterized by clinical signs such as vomiting, diarrhea, and weight loss.
**Intestinal parasites** Parasites in the stomach or intestines can be a cause of diarrhea or other clinical signs in pets.
**Kidney disease** is the decreased ability for the kidneys to filter waste products from the blood.
**Liver disease** The liver is responsible for filtering toxins from the body. Liver failure is the inability of the liver to function properly.
**Viral infection** Canine parvovirus, feline panleukopenia, canine distemper virus, feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) can also cause diarrhea. These diseases are highly contagious and can be life threatening. Immediate veterinary care is recommended.
### Treatment
If your dog or cat is healthy and showing no other signs, you can take a âwait-and-seeâ approach to allow the digestive system to rest. Withhold food for 24 hours and restrict water to small drinks every few hours. Offer bland food afterwards, such as boiled, skinless chicken, and white rice.
- Puppies and kittens with diarrhea should see a veterinarian immediately.
- Successful management of diarrhea requires treatment of the underlying condition or disease.
- Your veterinarian may prescribe certain treatments depending on the underlying cause. These include de-wormers, antibiotics, vitamin or enzyme supplementation, steroids, or a diet change.
*If your pet has diarrhea lasting over 24 hours, or is showing additional clinical signs such as vomiting, fever, blood in the stool, distress, lethargy, decreased appetite, or weight loss, seek veterinary care and bring a stool sample for testing.*
### Prevention
In many cases, diarrhea can be prevented. Feed your pet a consistent diet, limit rich foods, and keep trash away from curious pets. Your pet should also get the recommended vaccinations according to your veterinarian and should also be tested annually for intestinal parasites. |
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