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| Meta Title | Tinnitus: What Causes Ear Ringing and How to Treat it |
| Meta Description | Tinnitus causes an occasional or constant roaring, buzzing, hissing or ringing in the ears. Learn what triggers tinnitus and ways to treat it.â |
| Meta Canonical | null |
| Boilerpipe Text | Tinnitus is when you have noise present in your ears that others donât hear. About 26 million adults in the United States have tinnitus, says Joy Onozuka, director of community engagement and communications at the American Tinnitus Association. For some, the effects of tinnitus are minor but for about 20 percent of those who have tinnitus, constant ringing in the ears can distract their sleep and concentration, and cause anxiety and depression.
What is tinnitus?Â
Tinnitus is when you hear phantom sounds, like clicking, buzzing, whistling or ringing in the ears, even though thereâs no outside source for the sounds and nobody else can hear them. They can be whisper soft or uncomfortably loud, and intermittent or constant.
âTinnitus is truly a symptom, itâs not a disease,â says Douglas D. Backous, M.D., president of the American Academy of OtolaryngologyâHead and Neck Surgery. âThere are like 26 million people in the country who have tinnitus and probably 27 million reasons why they have it.â
Researchers say people experience tinnitus when their brains pick up on a phantom sound and try to identify it but canât. So, their brain continues to focus on that sound and tries to solve the puzzle.
âBecause the brain canât make sense of it, the sound becomes the forefront of attention,â says Grant Searchfield, head of the audiology department at the University of Auckland in New Zealand. Focusing on the sound makes it more important, and therefore louder. âItâs an unfortunate side effect of how the brain works.â
What causes tinnitus?ï»ż ï»ż
Though itâs unclear what exactly causes tinnitus, itâs usually linked to sensorineuralÂ
hearing loss
, Backous says, which is when sound doesnât get to your inner ear. Most cases of tinnitus are subjective, which means only you can hear the sound.
Other times tinnitus is tied to a treatable medical condition. The sounds may pulsate with your heartbeat and your doctor might be able to hear it using a stethoscope. But these cases, which are known as pulsatile tinnitus, are rare. |
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### [Conditions and Symptoms](https://www.aarp.org/health/conditions-treatments/ear-health-issues#null/)
[Tinnitus](https://www.aarp.org/health/conditions-treatments/tinnitus-ringing-in-ears-symptoms-treatments/ "tinnitus symptoms and treatments")
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In this series
# How to Stop the Ringing in the Ears Called Tinnitus
## Causes and symptoms, plus treatments for quick and long-term relief
***
By
Cathie Gandel and Sarah Gleim,
Updated August 27, 2025
AARP
[En español](https://www.aarp.org/espanol/salud/enfermedades-y-tratamientos/info-2023/zumbido-oidos-tinnitus-causas-sintomas.html)
Published January 10, 2023
/ Updated August 27, 2025


Artemenko\_Daria / Getty Images
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#### Key takeaways:
- Tinnitus creates [phantom sounds](https://www.aarp.org/health/conditions-treatments/tinnitus-ringing-in-ears-symptoms-treatments/#phantom-sounds "phantom sounds anchor") like ringing in the ear.
- We donât know [what exactly causes tinnitus](https://www.aarp.org/health/conditions-treatments/tinnitus-ringing-in-ears-symptoms-treatments/#tinnitus-causes "causes anchor"), but itâs linked to hearing problems.
- Treating tinnitus may be linked to [other health conditions](https://www.aarp.org/health/conditions-treatments/tinnitus-ringing-in-ears-symptoms-treatments/#other-conditions "other conditions anchor").
- [Other therapies](https://www.aarp.org/health/conditions-treatments/tinnitus-ringing-in-ears-symptoms-treatments/#other-therapies "other therapies anchor"), like sound therapy and mind-body techniques, also can help with tinnitus symptoms.
- [New research](https://www.aarp.org/health/conditions-treatments/tinnitus-ringing-in-ears-symptoms-treatments/#new-research "research anchor") could lead to promising new treatments in tinnitus.
Tinnitus is when you have noise present in your ears that others donât hear. About 26 million adults in the United States have tinnitus, says Joy Onozuka, director of community engagement and communications at the American Tinnitus Association. For some, the effects of tinnitus are minor but for about 20 percent of those who have tinnitus, constant ringing in the ears can distract their sleep and concentration, and cause anxiety and depression.
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### **What is tinnitus?**
Tinnitus is when you hear phantom sounds, like clicking, buzzing, whistling or ringing in the ears, even though thereâs no outside source for the sounds and nobody else can hear them. They can be whisper soft or uncomfortably loud, and intermittent or constant.
âTinnitus is truly a symptom, itâs not a disease,â says Douglas D. Backous, M.D., president of the American Academy of OtolaryngologyâHead and Neck Surgery. âThere are like 26 million people in the country who have tinnitus and probably 27 million reasons why they have it.â
Researchers say people experience tinnitus when their brains pick up on a phantom sound and try to identify it but canât. So, their brain continues to focus on that sound and tries to solve the puzzle.
âBecause the brain canât make sense of it, the sound becomes the forefront of attention,â says Grant Searchfield, head of the audiology department at the University of Auckland in New Zealand. Focusing on the sound makes it more important, and therefore louder. âItâs an unfortunate side effect of how the brain works.â
### **What causes tinnitus?ï»ż ï»ż**
Though itâs unclear what exactly causes tinnitus, itâs usually linked to sensorineural [hearing loss](https://www.aarp.org/health/conditions-treatments/causes-of-hearing-loss/ "hearing loss causes"), Backous says, which is when sound doesnât get to your inner ear. Most cases of tinnitus are subjective, which means only you can hear the sound.
Other times tinnitus is tied to a treatable medical condition. The sounds may pulsate with your heartbeat and your doctor might be able to hear it using a stethoscope. But these cases, which are known as pulsatile tinnitus, are rare.
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ARTICLE CONTINUES AFTER ADVERTISEMENT
#### Common causes of tinnitus include:
- Age-related hearing loss
- Noise-induced hearing loss
- Injury or trauma to ears
- Earwax impaction
- [Ear infections](https://www.aarp.org/health/conditions-treatments/types-of-ear-infections/ "ear infection types")
- Certain medications
#### Less-common causes include:
- MĂ©niĂšreâs disease
- Temporomandibular disorders like TMJ
- Chronic blood vessel issues like high blood pressure
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### **When should you see a doctor for tinnitus?**
If your tinnitus doesnât bother you, itâs probably OK not to see your doctor. If the ringing in your ear is annoying or disrupting your life, talk to your primary care physician. They can determine if you have an underlying medical cause or if you need to see an otolaryngologist for more tests.
#### Free Hearing Testââ
AARP members can take the [National Hearing Test](https://www.aarp.org/membership/benefits/health/national-hearing-test/ "national hearing test") online or on their phones â for free. This 10-minute test can help you decide whether you need a more comprehensive hearing exam.â
Call your doctor right away if your symptoms of tinnitus show up after an upper respiratory infection, or you feel dizzy, anxious, depressed or have hearing loss.
### **Tinnitus treatments**
Treating tinnitus depends on whether itâs caused by another health problem that can be managed. If so, your doctor may recommend some of the following ways to treat common underlying causes of tinnitus.
- **Change medications.** Some everyday medications can cause tinnitus, including analgesics like aspirin, [NSAIDs](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35132561/ "Analgesic Use and Risk of Incident Persistent Tinnitus"), diuretics, cancer drugs and certain antibiotics. The Center for Hearing Loss Help has a [list of medications](https://hearinglosshelp.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Tinnitus-Drug-List-2021.pdf "tinnitus drug list") that may be connected to tinnitus. Talk to your doctor about all medicines youâre taking, including over-the-counter medicines. They may want to consider alternatives.
- **Get earwax removed.** If [impacted earwax](https://www.aarp.org/health/conditions-treatments/safe-earwax-removal/ "earwax removal") is the cause of your tinnitus, your doctor can remove it safely and that may solve the problem.
- **Try a hearing aid.** Tinnitus and hearing loss are associated, particularly in older adults. âI donât prescribe hearing aids for tinnitus, but I prescribe hearing aids for hearing loss,â Backous says. âOftentimes that reduces their tinnitus because they are hearing what they want to hear.â


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#### **Noise suppression therapies**
If your tinnitus canât be helped with a [hearing aid](https://www.aarp.org/health/conditions-treatments/hearing-aid-health-benefits/ "hearing aid benefits"), earwax removal or change in your medication, you need to focus on managing your symptoms. One way to do that is by using techniques to silence or quiet the noise.
- **Sound therapy.** Sometimes called acoustic therapy, sound therapy simply adds background noise to help your brain disengage and quiet your tinnitus, especially at night. âIt can be any sound you find pleasant and calming,â Onozuka says. You can use a white noise machine, fan, music or air conditioner. Even smartphone apps can be used to make soothing sounds.
- **Mask the sound.** âMasking devices are like hearing aids but they provide a continuous white noise sound that can help alleviate the noise from your tinnitus. Some hearing aids also offer masking options.
- **Levo.** Levo is an FDA-cleared sound therapy that uses your own sensitivity to tinnitus and hearing loss to generate a custom set of tones you listen to while you sleep. The sounds and frequencies help train your brain to ignore the symptoms of your tinnitus.
#### **Mind-body techniques**
If your tinnitus is causing extreme anxiety, there are other options for reducing its severity. Research has shown that therapy, like cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and retraining therapy, is one of the most successful ways to manage your symptoms.
- **Cognitive behavioral therapy.** One of the most common treatments for tinnitus, CBT helps you reduce your emotional response to tinnitus. You work with a therapist to focus on positive changes to lessen the impact of tinnitus. A 2022 review of studies on tinnitus treatments published in the journal *Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy* found that â[CBT is nonetheless widely regarded as a gold standard](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/cpp.2708 "Psychophysiological treatment of chronic tinnitus") for the treatment of subjective tinnitus.â
- **Tinnitus retraining therapy.** This form of therapy combines counseling and sound therapy to âretrainâ your brain. The goal is so you wonât hear your tinnitus symptoms. TRT can take months to be effective, but studies have shown [it can work](https://www.nature.com/articles/srep29140#Sec9 "Changes in the perceived tinnitus handicap scores three months after tinnitus retraining treatment"), if you stick to it.
- **Bimodal stimulation**Bimodal auditory-somatosensory stimulation combines acoustic therapy with electric stimulation, usually on the tongue, neck or vagus nerve. The therapy helps stimulate your brain so it changes your tinnitus symptoms.
- **Lenire.** The FDA approved Lenire, the [first bimodal stimulation treatment](https://www.aarp.org/health/conditions-treatments/lenire-new-tinnitus-treatment/ "new tinnitus treatment "), in 2023 and it became available to patients in April 2024. Itâs a prescription therapy you in 30-minute sessions at home that sends mild electrical shocks to your tongue while you listen to music or sounds through headphones. The journal *Communications Medicine* published the first study on its real-world clinical effectiveness. Researchers determined that [Lenire was safe and effective](https://www.nature.com/articles/s43856-025-00837-3 "effectiveness of bimodal neuromodulation for tinnitus treatment") at reducing tinnitus in the 220 patients who participated.
#### **Medications**
There currently are no FDA-approved drugs for tinnitus. But your doctor has several options to help you with stress, anxiety and even depression caused by tinnitus. These medications wonât cure your tinnitus, but may help you deal with some of the symptoms it causes.
Common antidepressants prescribed for tinnitus:
- Clomipramine (Anafranil)
- Desipramine (Norpramin)
- Imipramine (Tofranil)
- Nortriptyline (Pamelor)
- Protriptyline (Vivactil)
Common antianxiety prescribed for tinnitus:
- Alprazolam (Xanax)
- Clonazepam (Klonopin)
- Diazepam (Valium)
- Lorazepam (Ativan)
#### How Your Diet Might Affect Tinnitus
Few studies have proven a direct link between specific foods or drinks to tinnitus, though emerging [research suggests your diet may play a role](https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/3/621 "The Role of Diet in Tinnitus Onset"). One such study was published in the journal *Nutrients* and included 185 incident idiopathic tinnitus cases and 198 controls. Participants answered questionnaires about their diets, including about what they ate before their symptoms appeared. The results showed that those who ate the most varied diet (at least 20 foods) had a decreased risk of tinnitus compared to those whose diets include less than 16 different items. The study also confirmed that eating certain protein-rich foods like poultry and legumes, can decrease the onset of tinnitus.
#### **New tinnitus treatments and research**
Because so much evidence suggests tinnitus is caused by changes in the brain, much of the research is focused on ways to reprogram the brain.
- **Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS).** This is a painless procedure that uses an electromagnetic coil to send short magnetic pulses to your brain. Numerous published studies show that rTMS [can be effective at treating chronic tinnitus](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10380975/#sec4-jcm-12-04648 "rTMS for the treatment of tinnitus"), but others found it to be no more successful than placebo. More large-scale trials are needed to determine if rTMS will be a possible treatment for tinnitus.
- **Deep brain stimulation.** This invasive treatment involves surgery to implant electrodes deep in your brain to regulate activity, similar to DBS for Parkinsonâs. Itâs begun showing promise as a treatment for severe refractory tinnitus, though most studies have been small. A systematic review published in the journal *Brain Sciences* found [DBS to be safe and effective](https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/14/5/452 "Deep Brain Stimulation for Primary Refractory Tinnitus"), but the authors cautioned about the small size of the study and the need for more research.
- **New biomarkers for diagnosing tinnitus.** Researchers at Mass General Brigham found that the pupils of people with severe tinnitus were almost always dilated extra wide when they heard any sounds. They hope to expand on this and develop new therapies to quiet or eliminate the sounds of the tinnitus.
- **Genetic risk factors.** A large genome wide association meta-analysis published in the journal *Nature Communications* found several [genetic links between tinnitus and hearing loss](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-44842-x "Genetic architecture distinguishes tinnitus from hearing loss"). The study determined tinnitus was genetically linked to several psychiatric disorders, as well, which could help open new opportunities for treatments.
*Editorâs note: This story, originally published January 9, 2023, has been updated to reflect new information.*
[%{postComment}%](https://www.aarp.org/health/conditions-treatments/tinnitus-ringing-in-ears-symptoms-treatments/#comments_widget_id)
*Cathie Gandel is a freelance writer based in Studio City, California. She is the author of two nonfiction books and articles on health, medicine and lifestyle for* Smithsonian, Newsweek, Readerâs Digest *and* U.S. News & World Report*. Sarah Gleim is a contributing writer at AARP based in Atlanta. Her work has also appeared in* WebMD, Forbes, Time Inc., Discovery Communications, HowStuffWorks.com, Atlanta Magazine, CNN *and more.*
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1. #### Comment by ArnetteB798906.
Ar
ArnetteB798906
December 12, 2025
I have Tinnitus in both ears, but the left ear stared ringing in 2021 during the pandemic add
I just had 2 minor strokes and a heart attack. The doctors diagnosed me with sepsis and
C-diff in within the first few hours that I was in the Emergency Room and admitted me for
several weeks so they could contain the infection and put a pump in my heart to stabilize it.
During my time in the hospital I noticed that my left ear was getting very weak and my hearing was getting worse
I told my doctors about my hearing loss but it was very confusing to them because my brain scan didnât show any signs of
Scans did not show any signs of infection or damage too that area. They performed a hearing test and found out that I indeed had lost my hearing in my left ear which they had no idea how or why it happened.
I went to two different audiologist to see if they could find out what they thought might have caused my hearing loss. One of the doctors was a specialist with the brain and hearing loss, he thought that my hearing was fine, but the
nerve behind the ear was causing my hearing loss, because he could see my inner ear and it looked fine and clear, but surgery was needed and a nerve test was needed to make sure that the nerve behind the ear was not working properly or if it wasnât functioning at all.
He said that he would recommend that if my other ear started acting like my left ear to come back and see him again and then he would schedule the appointment for the scan no/surgery. Or I could just let nature do it course and see what happens next.
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2. #### Comment by LindaS407666.
Li
LindaS407666
December 11, 2025
I have had tinnitus since 2008. It had come on overnight in February like I heard cicadas everywhere. I had gone to an EN T and he shot some steroids in one affected ear. That worked only for a day, and all came back the same. Tried giving me something to reduce the salt in my body but that wasn't helpful. So here i am today, buzzing, clicking and roaring, just living with it, with some hearing loss I am 73 and learn to just accept it..
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3. #### Comment by JeffreyD739789.
Je
JeffreyD739789
December 11, 2025
I wore earbuds at the gym and loud music for years. I got tinnitus (chirping) and then went to on-ear headphones and kept volume down. I rarely hear any chirping now.
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4. #### Comment by Sapphire1950.
Sa
Sapphire1950
December 11, 2025
Taking even one aspirin has always given me short term tinnitus. Then I got permanent tinnitus in my right ear after a really bad "cold" in January 2020. It has never gone away but some days it isn't as loud as others. None of my doctors know how to treat it and the noisy hearing aids to distract me didn't help either. Much of the time it is moderate to low and I have to not focus on it. it sounds like I am in a field of cicadas buzzing and other sounds. My S-I-L is miserable with it because his is high pitched and very loud. The multiple doctors he has seen have no idea how to stop it because nothing they tried with him worked, and he is having to take an antidepressant now just to get through the day. edited
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5. #### Comment by NaomiR191853.
Na
NaomiR191853
November 27, 2025
Now I just remembered my ears and ringing. You tend to forget it after a while
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| Readable Markdown | Tinnitus is when you have noise present in your ears that others donât hear. About 26 million adults in the United States have tinnitus, says Joy Onozuka, director of community engagement and communications at the American Tinnitus Association. For some, the effects of tinnitus are minor but for about 20 percent of those who have tinnitus, constant ringing in the ears can distract their sleep and concentration, and cause anxiety and depression.
### **What is tinnitus?**
Tinnitus is when you hear phantom sounds, like clicking, buzzing, whistling or ringing in the ears, even though thereâs no outside source for the sounds and nobody else can hear them. They can be whisper soft or uncomfortably loud, and intermittent or constant.
âTinnitus is truly a symptom, itâs not a disease,â says Douglas D. Backous, M.D., president of the American Academy of OtolaryngologyâHead and Neck Surgery. âThere are like 26 million people in the country who have tinnitus and probably 27 million reasons why they have it.â
Researchers say people experience tinnitus when their brains pick up on a phantom sound and try to identify it but canât. So, their brain continues to focus on that sound and tries to solve the puzzle.
âBecause the brain canât make sense of it, the sound becomes the forefront of attention,â says Grant Searchfield, head of the audiology department at the University of Auckland in New Zealand. Focusing on the sound makes it more important, and therefore louder. âItâs an unfortunate side effect of how the brain works.â
### **What causes tinnitus?ï»ż ï»ż**
Though itâs unclear what exactly causes tinnitus, itâs usually linked to sensorineural [hearing loss](https://www.aarp.org/health/conditions-treatments/causes-of-hearing-loss/ "hearing loss causes"), Backous says, which is when sound doesnât get to your inner ear. Most cases of tinnitus are subjective, which means only you can hear the sound.
Other times tinnitus is tied to a treatable medical condition. The sounds may pulsate with your heartbeat and your doctor might be able to hear it using a stethoscope. But these cases, which are known as pulsatile tinnitus, are rare. |
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