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URLhttps://wiki2.org/en/Chanel
Last Crawled2026-01-05 00:00:11 (3 months ago)
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Meta TitleChanel — Wikipedia Republished // WIKI 2
Meta DescriptionChanel. Quite the same Wikipedia. Just better.
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Not to be confused with Channel . Due to technical limitations, "Chanel #5" directs here. For the fragrance by Chanel, see Chanel No. 5 . Chanel Ltd Chanel Fragrance & Beauty boutique, Miami Company type Private Industry Fashion Founded 1910 ; 115 years ago Paris , France [ 1 ] Founders Coco Chanel and Pierre Wertheimer Headquarters 5 Barlow Place London , W1J 6DG United Kingdom 51°30â€Č38″N 0°08â€Č36″W ï»żâ€…/â€…ï»ż 51.51054°N 0.1432786°W Number of locations 500+ boutiques [ 2 ] Area served Worldwide Key people Leena Nair ( CEO ) Matthieu Blazy ( creative director ) Philippe Blondiaux ( CFO ) Olivier Polge (master perfumer ) Products Haute couture ready-to-wear accessories jewellery perfume Revenue US$ 19.7 billion (2023) [ 2 ] Operating income 6,407,000,000 United States dollar (2023)  Net income US$ 4.0 billion (2021) [ 2 ] Owners Alain Wertheimer GĂ©rard Wertheimer Number of employees 32,000 [ 2 ]  (aug 2024) Website chanel.com Chanel ( shə- NEL , French: [ʃanɛl] ⓘ ) is a French luxury fashion house founded in 1910 by Coco Chanel in Paris . It is privately owned by French brothers, Alain and GĂ©rard Wertheimer , through the holding company Chanel Limited , established in 2018 and headquartered in London . Chanel specializes in women's ready-to-wear , luxury goods, and accessories and licenses its name and branding to Luxottica for eyewear. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Chanel is well known for its No. 5 perfume and "Chanel Suit". [ 5 ] Chanel is credited for revolutionizing haute couture and ready-to-wear by replacing structured, corseted silhouettes with more functional garments that women still found flattering. [ 6 ] YouTube Encyclopedic 1 / 1 Views: 147 389 Chanel Spring 2024 #fashion #chanel #sadness History Coco Chanel era Establishment and recognition (1909–1920s) Gabrielle "Coco" Chanel in 1920 The House of Chanel originated in 1909, when Gabrielle Chanel opened a millinery shop at 160 Boulevard Malesherbes , the ground floor of the Parisian flat of the socialite and textile businessman Étienne Balsan , of whom she was the mistress. [ 4 ] Because the Balsan flat also was a salon for the French hunting and sporting Ă©lite, Chanel had the opportunity to meet their demi-mondaine mistresses who, as such, were women of fashion, upon whom the rich men displayed their wealth – as ornate clothes, jewellery, and hats. The actress Gabrielle Dorziat wearing a Chanel plumed hat (1912) Coco Chanel thus could sell to them the hats she designed and made; she thus earned a living independent of Balsan. In the course of those salons, Coco Chanel befriended Arthur "Boy" Capel , an English socialite and polo player friend of Étienne Balsan; per the upper class social custom, Chanel also became mistress to Boy Capel. In 1910, Boy Capel financed her first independent millinery shop, Chanel Modes , at 31 Rue Cambon in Paris. Because that locale already housed a dress shop, the business-lease limited Chanel to selling only millinery products, not couture . Two years later 1913, the Deauville and Biarritz couture shops of Coco Chanel offered for sale prĂȘt-Ă -porter sports clothes for women, the practical designs of which allowed the wearer to play sports. [ 4 ] [ 6 ] The First World War (1914–1918), affected European fashion through scarcity of materials, and the mobilisation of women. By that time, Chanel had opened a large dress shop at 31 Rue Cambon, near the HĂŽtel Ritz , in Paris. Among the clothes for sale were flannel blazers , straight-line skirts of linen , sailor blouses , long sweaters made of jersey fabric, and skirt-and-jacket suits. Coco Chanel used jersey cloth because of its physical properties as a garment, such as its drape – how it falls upon and falls from the body of the woman – and how well it adapted to a simple garment-design. Sartorially, some of Chanel's designs derived from the military uniforms made prevalent by the War; and, by 1915, the designs and the clothes produced by the House of Chanel were known throughout France. [ 4 ] In 1915, Chanel opened her very first Couture House in Biarritz, France. She had 300 employees and even designed her first line of Haute Couture. [ 7 ] In 1915 and in 1917, Harper's Bazaar magazine reported that the garments of La Maison Chanel were "on the list of every buyer" for the clothing factories of Europe. [ 4 ] The Chanel dress shop at 31 Rue Cambon presented day-wear dress-and-coat ensembles of simple design, and black evening dresses trimmed with lace; and tulle-fabric dresses decorated with jet , a minor gemstone material. [ 4 ] Illustration of three women in Chanel day outfits consisting of belted tunic jackets and full jersey skirts, 1917 After the First World War, La Maison Chanel, following the fashion trends of the 1920s, produced beaded dresses made popular by Flapper women. [ 4 ] The simple-line, 'flat-chested' fashions Chanel couture made popular were opposite of the hourglass figure fashions of the late 19th century – the Belle Époque of France ( c.  1890 –1914), and the British Edwardian era ( c.  1901 –1919). Chanel used colors traditionally associated with masculinity in Europe, such as grey and navy blue, to denote feminine boldness. [ 6 ] [ 8 ] Chanel clothing often featured quilted fabric and leather trimmings; the quilted construction reinforced the fabric, design, and finish, allowing the garment to maintain its form and function while worn. An example is the woolen Chanel suit – a knee-length skirt and a cardigan-style jacket, trimmed and decorated with black embroidery and gold-coloured buttons, often accessorized with two-tone pump shoes , a necklace of pearls, and a leather handbag. [ 4 ] [ 6 ] [ 9 ] In 1921, to complement Chanel's clothing lines, Coco Chanel commissioned perfumer Ernest Beaux to create a perfume for La Maison Chanel. His perfumes included the perfume No.5 , named after the number of the sample Chanel liked best. Originally, given as a gift to clients, No.5's popularity prompted La Maison Chanel to offer it for sale in 1922. In 1923, to explain the success of her clothes, Coco Chanel told Harper's Bazaar magazine that design "simplicity is the keynote of all true elegance." [ 4 ] [ 10 ] Business partners (late 1920s) The success of the No. 5 encouraged Coco Chanel to expand perfume sales beyond France and Europe and to develop other perfumes – for which she required investment capital, business acumen, and access to the North American market. To that end, the businessman ThĂ©ophile Bader (founder of Galeries Lafayette ) introduced the venture capitalist Pierre Wertheimer to Coco Chanel. Their business deal established the Parfums Chanel company, a parfumerie of which Wertheimer owned 70 per cent, Bader owned 20 per cent, and Chanel owned 10 per cent; commercial success of the joint enterprise was assured by the Chanel name, and by the cachet of la "Maison Chanel", which remained the sole business province of Coco Chanel. [ 9 ] Nonetheless, despite the success of the Chanel couture and parfumerie , the personal relations between Coco and her capitalist partner deteriorated, because, Coco said that Pierre Wertheimer was exploiting her talents as a fashion designer and as a businesswoman. [ 9 ] Wertheimer reminded Chanel that he had made her a very rich woman; and that his venture capital had funded Chanel's productive expansion of the parfumerie which created the wealth they enjoyed, all from the success of No. 5 de Chanel. Nevertheless, unsatisfied, the businesswoman Gabrielle Chanel hired the attorney René de Chambrun to renegotiate the 10-per-cent partnership she entered, in 1924, with the Parfums Chanel company; the lawyer-to-lawyer negotiations failed, and the partnership-percentages remained as established in the original business deal among Wertheimer, Badel, and Chanel. [ 9 ] War (1930s–1940s) From the gamine fashions of the 1920s, Coco Chanel progressed to womanly fashions in the 1930s: evening-dress designs were characterised by an elongated feminine style, and summer dresses featured contrasts such as silver eyelets, and shoulder straps decorated with rhinestones – drawing from Renaissance-time fashion stylings. In 1932, Chanel presented an exhibition of jewellery dedicated to the diamond as a fashion accessory; it featured the Comet and Fountain necklaces of diamonds, which were of such original design, that Chanel S.A. re-presented them in 1993. Moreover, by 1937, the House of Chanel had expanded the range of its clothes to more women and presented prĂȘt-Ă -porter clothes designed and cut for the petite woman. [ 4 ] Among fashion designers, only the clothes created by Elsa Schiaparelli could compete with the clothes of Chanel. [ 4 ] Chanel's spymaster: General Walter Schellenberg , Chief of the Sicherheitsdienst During the Second World War (1939–45), Coco Chanel closed shop at Maison Chanel – leaving only jewellery and parfumerie for sale – and moved to the HĂŽtel Ritz Paris , where she lived with her boyfriend, Hans GĂŒnther von Dincklage, a Nazi intelligence officer. [ 4 ] [ 6 ] [ 9 ] Upon conquering France in June 1940, the Nazis established a Parisian occupation-headquarters in the HĂŽtel Meurice , on the Rue de Rivoli , opposite the Louvre Museum , and just around the corner from the fashionable Maison Chanel S.A., at 31 Rue Cambon. [ 4 ] Meanwhile, because of the Nazi occupation's official anti-Semitism, Pierre Wertheimer and family, had fled France to the U.S., in mid-1940. Later, in 1941, Coco Chanel attempted to assume business control of Parfums Chanel but was thwarted by an administrative delegation that disallowed her sole disposition of the parfumerie . Having foreseen the Nazi occupation policy of the seizure-and-expropriation to Germany of Jewish business and assets in France, Pierre Wertheimer, the majority partner, had earlier, in May 1940, designated Felix Amiot , a Christian French industrialist, as the " Aryan " proxy whose legal control of the Parfums Chanel business proved politically acceptable to the Nazis, who then allowed the perfume company to continue as an operating business. [ 9 ] [ 11 ] Occupied France abounded with rumours that Coco Chanel was a Nazi collaborator ; her clandestine identity was secret agent 7124 of the Abwehr , code-named "Westminster". [ 12 ] As such, by order of General Walter Schellenberg , of the Sicherheitsdienst , Chanel was despatched to London on a mission to communicate to British Prime Minister Winston Churchill the particulars of a "separate peace" plan proposed by ReichsfĂŒhrer-SS Heinrich Himmler , who sought to avoid surrendering to the Red Army of the Soviet Russians. At War's end, upon the Allied liberation of France , Chanel was arrested for having collaborated with the Nazis. In September 1944, the Free French Purge Committee, the Ă©puration , summoned Chanel for interrogation about her collaborationism, yet, without documentary evidence of or witnesses to her collaboration with the Nazis, and because of Churchill's secret intervention in her behalf, the Ă©puration released Coco Chanel from arrest as a traitor to France. [ 9 ] [ 13 ] Despite having been freed by the political grace of Churchill, the strength of the rumours of Chanel's Nazi collaboration had made it impossible for her to remain in France; so Coco Chanel and her German lover, Hans GĂŒnther von Dincklage, went into an eight-year exile to Switzerland . [ 4 ] [ 9 ] In the post–war period, during Coco Chanel's Swiss exile from France, Pierre Wertheimer returned to Paris and regained formal administrative control of his family's business holdings – including control of Parfums Chanel, the parfumerie established with his venture capital, and successful because of the Chanel name. [ 9 ] In Switzerland, the news revived Coco Chanel's resentment at having been exploited by her business partner, for only ten per cent of the money. So she established a rival Swiss parfumerie to create, produce, and sell her "Chanel perfumes". In turn, Wertheimer, the majority capital stock owner of Parfums Chanel, saw his business interests threatened, and his commercial rights infringed because he did not possess legally exclusive rights to the Chanel name. Nonetheless, Wertheimer avoided a trademark infringement lawsuit against Coco Chanel, lest it damage the commercial reputation and the artistic credibility of his Chanel-brand parfumerie . Pierre Wertheimer settled his business and commercial-rights quarrel with Chanel, and, in May 1947, they renegotiated the 1924 contract that had established Parfums Chanel – she was paid $400,000 in cash (wartime profits from the sales of perfume No. 5 de Chanel); assigned a 2.0 per cent running royalty from the sales of No. 5 parfumerie ; assigned limited commercial rights to sell her "Chanel perfumes" in Switzerland; and granted a perpetual monthly stipend that paid all of her expenses. In exchange, Gabrielle Chanel closed her Swiss parfumerie enterprise, and sold to Parfums Chanel the full rights to the name "Coco Chanel". [ 9 ] [ 14 ] Resurgence (1950s–1970s) A Chanel suit, 1965 In 1953, upon returning to France from Switzerland, Coco Chanel found the fashion business enamoured of the " New Look " (1947), by Christian Dior ; the signature shape featured a below-mid-calf-length, full-skirt, a narrow waist, and a large bust (stylistically absent since 1912). As a post–war fashion that used some 20 yards of fabric, the House of Dior couture renounced wartime rationing of fabric for clothes. [ 9 ] In 1947 – after the six-year austerities of the Second World War (1939–45) – the New Look was welcomed by the fashion business of Western Europe because sales of the pretty clothes would revive business and the economy. [ 4 ] To regain the business primacy of the House of Chanel, in the fashion fields of haute couture , prĂȘt-Ă -porter , costume jewellery, and parfumerie , would be expensive; so Chanel approached Pierre Wertheimer for business advice and capital. [ 9 ] Having decided to do business with Coco Chanel, Wertheimer's negotiations to fund the resurgence of the House of Chanel, granted him commercial rights to all Chanel-brand products. [ 9 ] In 1953, Chanel collaborated with jeweler Robert Goossens ; he was to design jewelry (bijouterie and gemstone) to complement the fashions of the House of Chanel; notably, long-strand necklaces of black pearls and of white pearls, which high contrast softened the severe design of the knitted-wool Chanel Suit (skirt and cardigan jacket). [ 6 ] The House of Chanel also presented leather handbags with either gold-colour chains or metal-and-leather chains, which allowed carrying the handbag from the shoulder or in hand. The quilted-leather handbag was presented to the public in February 1955. In-house, the numeric version of the launching date " Chanel 2.55 " for that line of handbags became the internal "appellation" for that model of the quilted-leather handbag. [ 4 ] The firm's initial venture into masculine parfumerie was an eau de toilette called Pour Monsieur. Chanel and her spring collection received the Fashion Oscar at the 1957 Fashion Awards in Dallas. Pierre Wertheimer bought Bader's 20 per cent share of the Parfums Chanel, which increased the Wertheimer percentage to 90 per cent. [ 9 ] Woman wearing a Chanel cheongsam with robe and a feather hat in 1950s Later, in 1965, Pierre's son, Jacques Wertheimer , assumed his father's management of the parfumerie . [ 9 ] About the past business relationship, between Pierre Wertheimer and Coco Chanel, the Chanel attorney, Chambrun said that it had been "one based on a businessman's passion, despite her misplaced feelings of exploitation . . . [thus] when Pierre returned to Paris, full of pride and excitement [after one of his horses won the 1956 English Derby]. He rushed to Coco, expecting congratulations and praise. But she refused to kiss him. She resented him, you see, all her life." [ 9 ] Coco Chanel died on 10 January 1971, at the age of 87. [ 4 ] She was still designing at the time of her death. [ 4 ] For example, in the (1966–1969) period, she designed the air hostess uniforms for Olympic Airways , the designer who followed her was Pierre Cardin . In that time, Olympic Airways was a luxury airline, owned by the transport magnate Aristotle Onassis . After her death, the leadership of the company was handed down to Yvonne Dudel, Jean Cazaubon and Philippe GuibourgĂ©. [ 4 ] So far, the bags designed by Chanel are still very popular in the vintage market. [ 15 ] After a period of time, Jacques Wertheimer bought the controlling interest of the House of Chanel. [ 4 ] [ 9 ] Critics stated that during his leadership, he never paid much attention to the company, as he was more interested in horse breeding. [ 9 ] In 1974, the House of Chanel launched Cristalle eau de toilette, which was designed when Coco Chanel was alive. 1978 saw the launch of the first non-couture, prĂȘt-Ă -porter line and worldwide distribution of accessories. Alain Wertheimer , son of Jacques Wertheimer, assumed control of Chanel S.A. in 1974. [ 4 ] [ 9 ] In the U.S., No. 5 de Chanel was not selling well. [ 9 ] Alain revamped Chanel No.5 sales by reducing the number of outlets carrying the fragrance from 18,000 to 12,000. He removed the perfume from drugstore shelves and invested millions of dollars in advertisement for Chanel cosmetics. This ensured a greater sense of scarcity and exclusivity for No.5, and sales rocketed back up as demand for the fragrance increased. [ 9 ] He used famous people to endorse the perfume – from Marilyn Monroe to Audrey Tautou . Looking for a designer who could bring the label to new heights, he persuaded Karl Lagerfeld to end his contract with fashion house ChloĂ© . Chanel has partnered with friends and ambassadors over the years including notable actors, musicians, and other artists: G-Dragon , Jennie , AngĂšle , Whitney Peak , Caroline de Maigret , Margaret Qualley , Victoria Song , Wang Yibo , Minji , Go Youn-jung , Lily-Rose Depp , Keira Knightley , Kristen Stewart , Marion Cotillard , Nicole Kidman , and PenĂ©lope Cruz . [ 16 ] [ 17 ] [ 18 ] [ 19 ] [ 20 ] [ 21 ] [ 22 ] [ 23 ] [ 24 ] [ 25 ] [ 26 ] [ 27 ] [ 28 ] [ 29 ] [ 30 ] [ 31 ] [ 32 ] Post-Coco era (1980s–present) Chanel couture by Lagerfeld: the A/W 2011–2012 collection A Chanel store in North America In 1981, Chanel launched Antaeus, an eau de toilette for men. In 1983 Karl Lagerfeld took over as chief designer for Chanel. Like Chanel, he looked into the past as inspiration for his designs. He incorporated the Chanel fabrics and detailing such as tweed, gold accents, and chains. Lagerfeld retained what was signature for Chanel but also helped bring the brand into the present. In later collections Lagerfeld chose to break away from the ladylike look of Chanel and began to experiment with fabrics and styles. During the 1980s, more than 40 Chanel boutiques opened worldwide. By the end of the 1980s, the boutiques sold goods ranging from US$200-per-ounce perfume, US$225 ballerina slippers to US$11,000 dresses and US$2,000 leather handbags. Chanel cosmetics and fragrances were distributed only by Chanel outlets. Chanel marketer Jean Hoehn explained the firm's approach, saying, "We introduce a new fragrance every 10 years, not every three minutes like many competitors. We don't confuse the consumer. With Chanel, people know what to expect. And they keep coming back to us, at all ages, as they enter and leave the market." 1984 saw the launch of a new fragrance in honor of the founder, Coco . In 1986, the House of Chanel struck a deal with watchmakers and in 1987, the first Chanel watch debuted. By the end of the decade, Alain moved the offices to New York City . [ 9 ] Maison de Chanel increased the Wertheimer family fortune to US$5 billion. Sales were hurt by the recession of the early 1990s, but Chanel recovered by the mid-1990s with further boutique expansion. [ 9 ] In 1994, Chanel had a net profit equivalent to €67 million on the sale of €570 million in ready-to-wear clothes and was the most profitable French fashion house. [ 33 ] In 1996, Chanel bought gun-makers Holland & Holland , but failed in its attempt to revamp the firm. [ 9 ] The swimwear label Eres was also purchased in 1996. [ 34 ] Chanel launched the perfumes Allure in 1996 and Allure Homme in 1998. The House of Chanel launched its first skin care line, PrĂ©cision, in 1999. That same year, Chanel launched a travel collection, and under a license contract with Luxottica , introduced a line of sunglasses and eyeglass frames. While Wertheimer remained chairman, Françoise Montenay became CEO and President. 2000 saw the launch of the first unisex watch by Chanel, the J12. In 2001, watchmaker Bell & Ross was acquired. The same year, Chanel boutiques offering only selections of accessories were opened in the United States. Chanel launched a small selection of menswear as a part of their runway shows. In 2002, Chanel launched the Chance perfume and Paraffection , a subsidiary company originally established in 1997 [ 35 ] to support artisanal manufacturing, that gathered together Ateliers d'Art or workshops including Desrues for ornamentation and buttons, LemariĂ© for feathers, Lesage for embroidery, Massaro for shoemaking and Michel for millinery. A prĂȘt-Ă -porter collection was designed by Karl Lagerfeld. In July 2002, a jewelry and watch outlet opened on Madison Avenue . Within months, a 1,000-square-foot (90 m 2 ) shoe/handbag boutique opened next door. Chanel continued to expand in the United States and by December 2002, operated 25 U.S. boutiques. [ 9 ] The Chanel flagship store at Prince's Building , Hong Kong Chanel introduced Coco Mademoiselle and an "In-Between Wear" in 2003, targeting younger women, opened a second shop on Rue Cambon, opened a 2,400 square feet (220 m 2 ) boutique in Central, Hong Kong , and paid nearly US$50 million for a building in Ginza , Tokyo. In 2007, Maureen Chiquet was appointed CEO. She remained CEO until her termination in 2016. [ 36 ] In 2018, Chanel announced relocation of its global headquarters to London. [ 37 ] [ 38 ] [ 39 ] In December of the same year, Chanel announced that it would ban fur and exotic skins from its collections. [ 40 ] In February 2019, Lagerfeld died at age 85. [ 41 ] Virginie Viard , who had worked with Lagerfeld at the fashion house for over 30 years, was named the new Creative Director. [ 42 ] Viard departed the brand in June 2024. [ 43 ] In December 2021, Leena Nair was appointed Global Chief Executive Officer. [ 44 ] [ 45 ] [ 46 ] In February 2024, Chanel opened its U.S. flagship store dedicated to watches and fine jewellery on Fifth Avenue in Midtown Manhattan , New York City , near Billionaires' Row . [ 47 ] In December 2024, Matthieu Blazy was appointed the next Artistic Director of Chanel. [ 48 ] Previously, he was creative director of Italian leather goods line Bottega Veneta where his work garnered critical acclaim and commercial success. [ 49 ] Exhibitions and retrospectives The Palais Galliera featured a retrospective Gabrielle Chanel. Fashion Manifesto (October 1, 2020 – August 17, 2021). The exhibit later traveled to Mitsubishi Ichigokan Museum in Tokyo, National Gallery of Victoria in Melbourne (December 3, 2021 – April 25, 2022), and will debut at London's Victoria & Albert Museum (September 16, 2023). [ 50 ] [ 51 ] [ 52 ] [ 53 ] The ThyssenBornemisza National Museum in Madrid explored the relationship and reciprocal influence between Pablo Picasso and Gabrielle Chanel with a four-part exhibition (October 11, 2022 – January 15, 2023) spanning their works between 1915 and 1925. [ 54 ] [ 55 ] [ 56 ] [ 57 ] [ 58 ] The Metropolitan Museum of Art , home to the annual Met Gala in the financial and fashion capital of New York City , first honoured the house with a (May 5-August 7) 2005 exhibit chronicling the work of Coco Chanel's designs dating back to the 1920s. The museum's Costume Institute will unveil a posthumous retrospective, paying homage to former Creative Director, Karl Lagerfeld (May 5-July 16). [ 59 ] [ 60 ] [ 61 ] [ 62 ] Philanthropy, sustainability, arts and culture Fondation Chanel is the philanthropic arm of the house. Founded in 2011, some of the organization's key initiatives include promoting greater healthcare advocacy; addressing the disparities in gender-based violence; and "accelerating economic agency and empowerment". Fondation Chanel has partnered with organizations in Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America, the United Kingdom, and the United States. [ 63 ] [ 64 ] [ 65 ] Chanel announced (June 2021) an anchor investment in the Landscape Resilience Fund, contributing $25 million to farmers grappling with the impacts of climate change. Setting a new series of science-based targets, the company also launched the No.1 de Chanel beauty and fragrance line in 2022, with 97% naturally derived ingredients and eco-conscious packaging designed. The house also announced goals in accordance with the Paris Climate Agreement to reduce its carbon footprint by 50% by 2030 and reduce its emissions from value chain by 40% by 2030. As part of the Chanel Mission 1.5 Climate Action Plan, the brand has pledged to transition to 100% renewable electricity by 2025. The company is also sourcing eco-responsible tweeds; shifting to maritime transport with a goal of 80% shipments by sea by 2024; and supporting land and livlihood projects throughout communities in Africa, Southeast Asia, and Latin America. [ 66 ] [ 67 ] [ 68 ] [ 69 ] [ 70 ] [ 71 ] [ 72 ] In January 2024, Chanel launched an initiative with the consortium of 15 cosmetics-manufacturers, called the Traceability Alliance for Sustainable Cosmetics to catalyze traceability in the cosmetics sector. [ 73 ] [ 74 ] Arts and culture The Chanel Culture Fund is a global program of initiatives and partnerships. Since its inception, the House has partnered with the National Portrait Gallery (London), The Centre Pompidou (Paris), and the Power Station (Shanghai). The Fund awards an annual prize (Chanel Next Prize) of €100,000 to ten artists in the fields of performing and visual arts. [ 75 ] [ 76 ] [ 77 ] [ 78 ] [ 79 ] [ 80 ] [ 81 ] Yana Peel, global head of arts and culture said of the Fund in an interview with Harper's Bazaar, "At a time when we are navigating our way through complex new environments around the world, we know that artists generate transformative ideas that help us envision the way forward. Chanel has always championed the vitality and advancement of the arts, and we now expand that tradition through the Fund with a focus on supporting cultural innovators and path-breakers who are mapping out what's next." [ 82 ] Corporate identity The Chanel logotype comprises two interlocked, opposed letters-C, one faced left, one faced right. The logotype was given to Chanel by the ChĂąteau de CrĂ©mat, Nice, and was not registered as a trademark until the first Chanel shops were established. [ 83 ] [ 84 ] The logo is commonly known to stand for "Coco Chanel" and has become one of the most recognizable logos in the world. It has also become the symbol of prestige, luxury, and class. [ 85 ] In 2022, Chanel donated €2 million towards Care and UNHCR , the money will go to Ukraine to help it during the Russian invasion . [ 86 ] Worldwide, Chanel S.A. operates around 310 Chanel boutiques; 94 in Asia, 70 in Europe, 10 in the Middle East, 128 in North America, 1 in Central America, 2 in South America, and 6 in Oceania. The shops are located in wealthy communities, usually in department stores like Harrods and Selfridges , Bergdorf Goodman , Neiman Marcus and Saks Fifth Avenue , high streets, shopping districts, and inside airports. [ 9 ] In 2015, the company paid a record $152 million for 400 North Rodeo Drive in Beverly Hills . This is the most expensive amount paid for retail space in Los Angeles. [ 87 ] In October 2020, the company bought its flagship Bond Street boutique in London for ÂŁ310 million. [ 88 ] [ 89 ] Trademarks One timeline measurement for Chanel presence in the United States is via trademarks registered with the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). On Tuesday, 18 November 1924, Chanel, Inc. filed trademark applications for the typeset mark Chanel and for the interlocking CC design plus word mark. At that time, the trademarks were registered only for the perfume, toiletry, and cosmetic products in the primary class of common metals and their alloys. Chanel provided the description of face powder, perfume, Eau de Cologne, toilet water, lip stick, and rouge , to the USPTO. [ 90 ] The Chanel and double-C trademarks were awarded on the same date of 24 February 1925 with respective Serial Numbers of 71205468 and 71205469. The first trademark application for the No. 5 perfume was on Thursday, 1 April 1926, described as perfume and toilet water. First use and commercial use was stated as 1 January 1921. Registration was granted on 20 July 1926 with Serial Number 71229497. Combatting counterfeits Along with other makers, Chanel is a target of counterfeiters. [ 91 ] An authentic classic Chanel handbag retails from around US$4,150, while a counterfeit usually costs around US$200. Beginning in the 1990s, all authentic Chanel handbags were numbered. In 2018, Chanel filed suit in the Federal District Court of the Southern District of New York, alleging The RealReal was hosting counterfeit (fake) Chanel products on their website and implying to customers that an affiliation existed between the two. [ 92 ] [ 93 ] Due to the high volume of Chanel counterfeits, the legal department at Chanel has set up a website to educate consumers about "Spotting Fake vs Authentic CHANEL Products". [ 94 ] Many fashion bloggers [ 95 ] [ 96 ] are spreading awareness about identifying fake luxury items such as Chanel's products. [ 97 ] Two interlocking Cs for "Coco Chanel", introduced ca. 1990 Perfume label trademark "No. 5 de Chanel" and font, introduced in 1926 Logo name and font, introduced in 1924 Interlocking Cs used on Chanel products Products Le nez de Chanel : the perfumer Ernest Beaux (1881–1961) created No. 5 de Chanel in 1921. Chanel presented Perfume No. 5 to the market in 1922; created by Ernest Beaux in 1921 Handbag Introduced in 1955, the Chanel 2.55 handbag revolutionized women's fashion by incorporating a shoulder strap, [ 98 ] allowing for hands-free use. Over the years, Chanel has consistently updated its handbag designs while maintaining their classic appeal. For instance, in 1983, Karl Lagerfeld introduced the 11.12 handbag, [ 99 ] featuring the now-iconic double-C logo. [ 100 ] Chanel's pricing strategy has involved regular increases to reinforce the brand's exclusivity. The Classic Flap bag, for example, has seen its price rise from $220 at its inception to over $10,000 in recent years. [ 101 ] These adjustments are influenced by factors such as rising material and labor costs, as well as strategic pricing decisions to maintain the brand's luxury positioning. [ 102 ] Fragrance In 1924, Pierre Wertheimer founded Parfums Chanel, to produce and sell perfumes and cosmetics; the parfumerie proved to be the most profitable business division of the Chanel S.A. corporation. [ 9 ] [ 103 ] Since its establishment, parfumerie Chanel has employed four perfumers : Ernest Beaux (1920–1961) Henri Robert (1958–1978) Jacques Polge (1978–2015) Olivier Polge (2015–present) Fragrance and Skincare counter at Myer in Sydney Perfumes Allure EDT Allure Eau Sensuelle EDP Allure Eau Sensuelle EDT Chance Eau Vive Chance Eau Fraiche Chance Eau Tendre Coco Coco Mademoiselle Coco Noir Cristalle Cristalle Eau Verte No. 5 No. 19 No. 19 Poudre No 22 GardĂ©nia Bois des Iles Cuir de Russie Eau de Cologne 31 Rue Cambon No. 18 Coromandel Bel Respiro 28 La Pausa (named for La Pausa , Chanel's villa on the French Riviera) [ 104 ] Sycomore Beige Jersey 1932 Misia Boy 1957 Le Lion de Chanel Colognes Allure pour Homme Allure pour Homme Sport Allure pour Homme Eau Extreme Allure pour Homme Cologne Sport Allure Homme Edition Blanche Antaeus ÉgoĂŻste Platinum ÉgoĂŻste Bleu De Chanel Eau de Toilette Bleu De Chanel Eau de Parfum Bleu De Chanel Parfum Pour Monsieur Makeup and skincare Cosmetics are the most accessible Chanel product, with counters in department stores across the world, including Harrods , Galeries Lafayette , Bergdorf Goodman , Hudson's Bay and David Jones , Wojooh, Selfridges , [ 105 ] John Lewis & Partners and Boots as well as its own beauty boutiques. Products lines Mascara LA MOUSSE Hydra Beauty Le Blanc Le Lift Sublimage Blue Serum La Solution 10 de Chanel Vamp Nail Polish N°1 line (skincare and makeup products based on holistic beauty and eco-friendly principles) [ 106 ] Fine jewellery Chanel 'High Jewellery' was founded in November 1932. Chanel debuted 'Bijoux de Diamants' at her Faubourg Saint-HonorĂ©, Paris mansion. [ 107 ] It was also the first high-end jewelry collection created by a fashion designer. [ 108 ] The 'Bijoux de Diamants' was inspired by celestial forms such as stars, comets, and the moon. Gabrielle Chanel designed an estimated 50 pieces with white and yellow diamonds set in platinum and yellow gold. [ 109 ] The collection, a collaboration with the London Diamond Corporation, aimed to revitalize the diamond trade during the Great Depression. [ 110 ] In 2012, the company created a special collection to celebrate Diamants' 80th anniversary. Current collections include High Jewelry, Camelia, Comete, Coco Crush, Baroque, 1932, Ultra, Bridal and Jewelry Watches. [ 111 ] Watches The Chanel wristwatch division was established in 1987. [ 112 ] In 1995, division presented a second design, the MatelassĂ© . [ 112 ] Although the PremiĂšre and MatelassĂ© wristwatches were successful products, the presentation, in 2000, of the Chanel J12 line of unisex style wristwatches, made of ceramic materials, established Chanel wristwatches as a Chanel marque. [ 112 ] The J12 line of wristwatches features models in four dial-face sizes: 33mm, 38mm, 41mm, and 42mm. [ 112 ] [ 113 ] In 2008, Chanel S.A. and Audemars Piguet developed the ceramic Chanel AP-3125 clockwork, exclusive to the House of Chanel. [ 114 ] As of 2024, Chanel holds 25% stake in MB&F , 20% in F. P. Journe and undisclosed stake in Romain Gauthier . [ 115 ] Wine Chanel owns the wineries ChĂąteau Rauzan-SĂ©gla , ChĂąteau Canon , St. SupĂ©ry Estate Vineyards & Winery , and Domaine de i'lle located on the island of Porquerolles in the Cotes de Provence AOP. Swimwear In 2018, Chanel acquired clothing brand Orlebar Brown, [ 116 ] specializing in tailored men's swim shorts. Gallery Chanel handbag in quilted-leather with adjustable double-chains to wear on the arm or shoulder. A 1965 Chanel suit showing the chain that is a distinctive technique for constructing a Chanel suit. It gives even light-weight materials a good drape and stabilize the suit as it weighs down the hem. [ 117 ] [ 118 ] Belgian King Baudouin and Queen Fabiola visit the Nixon White House with a quilted leather Chanel handbag in 1969. Chanel original Robot clutch Fashion collections and runway shows Designer Season City Locale Presentation date Line Theme For sale Karl Lagerfeld Fall–Winter 2010 Paris Grand Palais 6 July 2010 Haute couture A lion On order Spring–Summer 2011 5 October 2010 Ready-to-wear An orchestra March 2011 Paris–Byzance 31 rue Cambon 7 December 2010 A Byzantine palace May 2011 Spring–Summer 2011 Pavillon Cambon–Capucines 25 January 2011 Haute couture Ballet [ 119 ] [ 120 ] On order Fall–Winter 2011 Grand Palais 8 March 2011 Ready-to-wear A frozen garden September 2011 Cruise 2011 Antibes HĂŽtel du Cap 5 May 2011 Cruise collection Outdoors November 2011 Fall–Winter 2011 Paris Grand Palais 5 July 2011 Haute couture Night-time Place VendĂŽme [ 121 ] [ 122 ] On order Spring–summer 2012 4 October 2011 Ready-to-wear Under the Sea and Florence March 2012 Paris–Bombay 6 December 2011 An Indian palace [ 123 ] May 2012 Spring–Summer 2012 24 January 2012 Haute couture An aeroplane in flight [ 124 ] On order Fall–Winter 2012–2013 6 March 2012 Ready-to-wear Quartz World September 2012 Cruise 2013 Versailles Palace of Versailles 13 May 2012 Cruise collection Gardens of Versailles November 2012 Fall–Winter 2012 Paris Grand Palais 3 July 2012 Haute couture New Vintage On order Spring–Summer 2013 2 October 2012 Ready-to-wear New energy March 2013 Paris-Edinburgh Linlithgow Linlithgow Palace 4 December 2012 Ready-to-wear Barbarian romance May 2013 Spring–Summer 2013 Paris Grand Palais 22 January 2013 Haute couture The Forest On order Fall–Winter 2013–2014 5 March 2013 Ready-to-wear Around the world September 2013 Cruise 2014 Singapore Dempsey Hill Army Barracks 9 May 2013 Cruise collection Vacation November 2013 Fall–Winter 2013–2014 Paris Grand Palais 2 July 2013 Haute couture The future [ 125 ] On order Spring–Summer 2014 1 October 2013 Ready-to-wear Art March 2014 MĂ©tiers d'art Paris-Dallas 2013–2014 Dallas Fair Park 11 December 2013 Ready-to-wear Texas/ Americana May 2014 Spring–Summer 2014 Paris Grand Palais 21 January 2014 Haute couture Sport [ 126 ] On order Fall–Winter 2014–2015 4 March 2014 Ready-to-wear The Chanel Shopping Center September 2014 Cruise 2015 Dubai The World 14 May 2014 Cruise collection Arabia November 2014 Fall–Winter 2014–2015 Paris Grand Palais 8 July 2014 Haute couture Pied-Ă -terre On order Spring–Summer 2015 30 September 2014 Ready-to-wear Chanel Boulevard March 2015 Spring–Summer 2015 27 January 2015 Haute couture Paper Flowers On order Fall–Winter 2015–2016 10 March 2015 Ready-to-wear Brasserie September 2015 Cruise 2016 Seoul Dongdaemun Design Plaza 4 May 2015 Cruise collection K-pop November 2015 Fall–Winter 2015–2016 Paris Grand Palais 7 July 2015 Haute couture Casino On order Spring–Summer 2016 6 October 2015 Ready-to-wear Airport March 2016 Spring–Summer 2016 26 January 2016 Haute couture Zen garden On order Fall–Winter 2016–2017 8 March 2016 Ready-to-wear No set September 2016 Cruise 2017 Havana Paseo del Prado, Havana 4 May 2016 Cruise collection Old Havana November 2016 Fall–Winter 2016–2017 Paris Grand Palais 5 July 2016 Haute couture Atelier On order Spring–Summer 2017 4 October 2016 Ready-to-wear Mainframe March 2017 Spring–Summer 2017 24 January 2017 Haute couture Mirrors On order Fall–Winter 2017–2018 7 March 2017 Ready-to-wear Space Exploration September 2017 MĂ©tiers d'art Paris–Hamburg 2017–2018 Hamburg Elbphilharmonie 6 December 2017 Ready-to-wear Sailors Uniforms [ 127 ] [ 128 ] May 2018 Spring–Summer 2018 Paris Grand Palais 23 January 2018 Haute couture French Garden [ 129 ] On order Cruise 2018 Paris 3 May 2018 Cruise collection Cruise [ 130 ] On order Fall–Winter 2018–2019 Paris 3 July 2018 Haute couture Atelier On order Spring–Summer 2019 3 October 2018 Ready-to-wear Chanel by the Sea On order MĂ©tiers d'art Paris–New York 2018–2019 New York Metropolitan Museum of Art 6 December 2019 Ready-to-wear Ancient Egypt [ 131 ] June 2019 Spring–Summer 2019 Paris Grand Palais 23 January 2019 Haute couture Mirrors On order Fall–Winter 2019–2020 6 March 2019 Ready-to-wear Chanel in the Snow / Alpine Village September 2019 Virginie Viard Cruise 2019–2020 Paris 3 May 2019 Cruise collection Train Station November 2019 Fall–Winter 2019–2020 2 July 2019 Haute couture Coco's Library On order See also Belle Époque Chanel ready-to-wear collection Pink Chanel suit of Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy References ^ "Chanel lifts the veil on its profits for the first time" . 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"Chanel 80 Years Later: Coco's First High Jewelry Collection Reimagined" . Time . ISSN   0040-781X . Retrieved 21 October 2024 . ^ Filip, Dorian (29 December 2018). "Chanel: 7 Peculiar Facts You Didn't Know" . DSF Antique Jewelry . Retrieved 21 October 2024 . ^ Carl, Renee (7 June 2024). "Star attraction: The story behind Chanel's '1932' high jewellery collection" . Harper's Bazaar Australia . Photographed by Bamford, Lauren; styled by Clarke, Karla . Retrieved 21 October 2024 . ^ "Fine Jewellery & High Jewellery – CHANEL" . chanel.com . Archived from the original on 10 January 2013. ^ a b c d Roulet, Christophe. The Chanel J12, from here to eternity Archived 10 August 2013 at the Wayback Machine , The Watch Avenue, 22 June 2009. Retrieved 9 April 2012 ^ Maillard, Pierre. Chanel, watchmaking legitimacy Archived 17 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine , Europa Star, 5 January 2009. Retrieved 9 April 2011 ^ "Exclusive World of Chanel Watches Watches Channel" . watches.infoniac.com . Archived from the original on 11 February 2008. ^ Arteche, Katherine (22 August 2024). "Chanel Acquires 25% Stake in MB&F" . Revolution Watch . Retrieved 28 August 2024 . ^ "Chanel Acquires Orlebar Brown" . Business of Fashion . 28 September 2018 . Retrieved 13 August 2024 . ^ "The Gilded Chain of Chanel" . www.asg.org . American Sewing Guild. 1 April 2022 . Retrieved 29 January 2025 . ^ Sterlacci, Francesca; Arbuckle, Joanne (2017). Historical Dictionary of the Fashion Industry (2 ed.). Rowman & Littlefield . p. 107. ISBN   978-1442239098 . ^ Spring–Summer 2011 Haute Couture Video" Archived 12 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine , CHANEL ^ CHANEL Couture SS2011" Archived 14 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine , Haute Couture News ^ Fall–Winter 2011 Haute Couture Video" Archived 9 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine , CHANEL ^ CHANEL Couture FW2011" Archived 15 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine , Haute Couture News ^ "PrĂȘt-Ă -Porter Primavera-Verano 2012 CHANEL - Video" . Archived from the original on 1 December 2011 . Retrieved 21 December 2011 . , CHANEL ^ "CHANEL Official site – FASHION ACCESSORIES, EYEWEAR, READY-TO-WEAR AND HAUTE COUTURE COLLECTIONS" . Archived from the original on 6 February 2012 . Retrieved 7 February 2012 . , CHANEL ^ "Sci-Fi Chanel" . The Fashionide . 24 July 2013. Archived from the original on 4 September 2013 . Retrieved 22 August 2014 . ^ "Boyish Attitude" . The Fashionide . 11 March 2014. Archived from the original on 18 March 2014 . Retrieved 22 August 2014 . ^ "Chanel Pre-Fall 2018 Fashion Show" . Vogue . 6 December 2017. Archived from the original on 18 February 2018. ^ CHANEL (28 December 2017). "The Paris-Hamburg 2017/18 MĂ©tiers d'art show – CHANEL" . Archived from the original on 26 January 2018 – via YouTube. ^ "Chanel Spring 2018 Couture Fashion Show" . Vogue . 23 January 2018. Archived from the original on 24 February 2018. ^ "Chanel Resort 2019 Fashion Show" . Vogue . 3 May 2018 . Retrieved 19 February 2019 . ^ Chernikoff, Leah (5 December 2018). "Chanel Draws Inspiration from Ancient Egypt for Its Metiers d'Art Show" . ELLE . Retrieved 12 July 2019 . External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chanel . Official website This page was last edited on 10 July 2025, at 20:11
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To install click the **Add extension** button. That's it. The source code for the WIKI 2 extension is being checked by specialists of the Mozilla Foundation, Google, and Apple. You could also do it yourself at any point in time. How to transfigure the Wikipedia ![](https://wiki2.org/s/i/popup/en/google_en.jpg) Would you like Wikipedia to always look as professional and up-to-date? We have created a browser extension. It will enhance any encyclopedic page you visit with the magic of the WIKI 2 technology. Try it — you can delete it anytime. Install in 5 seconds Yep, but later 4,5 Kelly Slayton Congratulations on this excellent venture
 what a great idea\! Alexander Grigorievskiy I use WIKI 2 every day and almost forgot how the original Wikipedia looks like. ![](https://wiki2.org/s/i/scope.gif) Live Statistics English Articles Improved in 24 Hours Added in 24 Hours Languages Recent Show all languages What we do. Every page goes through several hundred of perfecting techniques; in live mode. Quite the same Wikipedia. Just better. [Great Wikipedia has got greater.](https://wiki2.org/) . Leo Newton Brights Milds - [Show original](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanel_S.A.) - [Random article](https://wiki2.org/!ra/wiki/Special:Random?lang=en) ![](https://wiki2.org/s/i/scope.gif) # Chanel ## From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia French fashion house For other uses, see [Chanel (disambiguation)](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel_\(disambiguation\) "Chanel (disambiguation)"). Not to be confused with [Channel](https://wiki2.org/en/Channel_\(disambiguation\) "Channel (disambiguation)"). Due to technical limitations, "Chanel \#5" directs here. For the fragrance by Chanel, see [Chanel No. 5](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel_No._5 "Chanel No. 5"). | | | |---|---| | [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/92/Chanel_logo_interlocking_cs.svg/200px-Chanel_logo_interlocking_cs.svg.png)](https://wiki2.org/en/File:Chanel_logo_interlocking_cs_svg) | | | [![](https://wiki2.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Chanel_Fragrance_and_Beauty_Brickell_City_Centre.jpg/330px-Chanel_Fragrance_and_Beauty_Brickell_City_Centre.jpg)](https://wiki2.org/en/File:Chanel_Fragrance_and_Beauty_Brickell_City_Centre_jpg)Chanel Fragrance & Beauty boutique, [Miami](https://wiki2.org/en/Miami "Miami") | | | Company type | [Private](https://wiki2.org/en/Privately_held_company "Privately held company") | | Industry | [Fashion](https://wiki2.org/en/Fashion#Fashion_industry "Fashion") | | Founded | 1910; 115 years ago (1910) [Paris](https://wiki2.org/en/Paris "Paris"), France[\[1\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-1) | | Founders | [Coco Chanel](https://wiki2.org/en/Coco_Chanel "Coco Chanel") and [Pierre Wertheimer](https://wiki2.org/en/Pierre_Wertheimer "Pierre Wertheimer") | | Headquarters | 5 Barlow Place [London](https://wiki2.org/en/London "London"), W1J 6DG United Kingdom [51°30â€Č38″N 0°08â€Č36″Wï»ż / ï»ż51\.51054°N 0.1432786°Wï»ż / 51\.51054; -0.1432786](https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Chanel&params=51.51054_N_0.1432786_W_) | | Number of locations | 500+ [boutiques](https://wiki2.org/en/Boutique "Boutique")[\[2\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-lemonde-2) | | Area served | Worldwide | | Key people | [Leena Nair](https://wiki2.org/en/Leena_Nair "Leena Nair") ([CEO](https://wiki2.org/en/Chief_executive_officer "Chief executive officer")) [Matthieu Blazy](https://wiki2.org/en/Matthieu_Blazy "Matthieu Blazy") ([creative director](https://wiki2.org/en/Creative_director "Creative director")) Philippe Blondiaux ([CFO](https://wiki2.org/en/Chief_financial_officer "Chief financial officer")) [Olivier Polge](https://wiki2.org/en/Olivier_Polge "Olivier Polge") (master [perfumer](https://wiki2.org/en/Perfumer "Perfumer")) | | Products | *[Haute couture](https://wiki2.org/en/Haute_couture "Haute couture")* [ready-to-wear](https://wiki2.org/en/Ready-to-wear "Ready-to-wear") [accessories](https://wiki2.org/en/Fashion_accessory "Fashion accessory") [jewellery](https://wiki2.org/en/Jewellery "Jewellery") [perfume](https://wiki2.org/en/Perfume "Perfume") | | Revenue | ![Increase](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png) [US\$](https://wiki2.org/en/United_States_dollar "United States dollar")19\.7 billion (2023)[\[2\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-lemonde-2) | | [Operating income](https://wiki2.org/en/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes "Earnings before interest and taxes") | 6,407,000,000 United States dollar (2023) [![Edit this on Wikidata](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png)](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218115?uselang=en#P3362 "Edit this on Wikidata") | | [Net income](https://wiki2.org/en/Net_income "Net income") | ![Increase](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png)[US\$](https://wiki2.org/en/United_States_dollar "United States dollar")4\.0 billion (2021)[\[2\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-lemonde-2) | | Owners | [Alain Wertheimer](https://wiki2.org/en/Alain_Wertheimer "Alain Wertheimer") [GĂ©rard Wertheimer](https://wiki2.org/en/G%C3%A9rard_Wertheimer "GĂ©rard Wertheimer") | | Number of employees | 32,000[\[2\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-lemonde-2) (aug 2024) | | Website | [chanel.com](https://www.chanel.com/us/) | **Chanel** ([/ʃəˈnɛl/](https://wiki2.org/en/Help:IPA/English "Help:IPA/English") [*shə-NEL*](https://wiki2.org/en/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key "Help:Pronunciation respelling key"), French: [\[ʃanɛl\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Help:IPA/French "Help:IPA/French") [ⓘ](https://wiki2.org/en/File:LL-Q150_\(fra\)-Exilexi-Coco_Chanel.wav "File:LL-Q150 (fra)-Exilexi-Coco Chanel.wav")) is a French [luxury](https://wiki2.org/en/Luxury_goods "Luxury goods") [fashion house](https://wiki2.org/en/Fashion_design#Structure "Fashion design") founded in 1910 by [Coco Chanel](https://wiki2.org/en/Coco_Chanel "Coco Chanel") in [Paris](https://wiki2.org/en/Paris "Paris"). It is privately owned by French brothers, [Alain](https://wiki2.org/en/Alain_Wertheimer "Alain Wertheimer") and [GĂ©rard Wertheimer](https://wiki2.org/en/G%C3%A9rard_Wertheimer "GĂ©rard Wertheimer"), through the [holding company](https://wiki2.org/en/Holding_company "Holding company") **Chanel Limited**, established in 2018 and headquartered in [London](https://wiki2.org/en/London "London"). Chanel specializes in women's [ready-to-wear](https://wiki2.org/en/Ready-to-wear "Ready-to-wear"), luxury goods, and accessories and licenses its name and branding to [Luxottica](https://wiki2.org/en/Luxottica "Luxottica") for eyewear.[\[3\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-3)[\[4\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-directory-4) Chanel is well known for its [No. 5](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel_No._5 "Chanel No. 5") perfume and "Chanel Suit".[\[5\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-5) Chanel is credited for revolutionizing *[haute couture](https://wiki2.org/en/Haute_couture "Haute couture")* and ready-to-wear by replacing structured, [corseted](https://wiki2.org/en/Corset "Corset") silhouettes with more functional garments that women still found flattering.[\[6\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-ContemporaryFashion-6) ### YouTube Encyclopedic - 1/1 Views: 147 389 - Chanel Spring 2024 \#fashion \#chanel \#sadness #### Transcription ## History ### Coco Chanel era Establishment and recognition (1909–1920s) [![](https://wiki2.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/30/Coco_Chanel%2C_1920.jpg/250px-Coco_Chanel%2C_1920.jpg)](https://wiki2.org/en/File:Coco_Chanel,_1920_jpg) Gabrielle "Coco" Chanel in 1920 The House of Chanel originated in 1909, when Gabrielle Chanel opened a [millinery](https://wiki2.org/en/Millinery "Millinery") shop at 160 [Boulevard Malesherbes](https://wiki2.org/en/Boulevard_Malesherbes "Boulevard Malesherbes"), the ground floor of the Parisian flat of the [socialite](https://wiki2.org/en/Socialite "Socialite") and textile businessman [Étienne Balsan](https://wiki2.org/en/%C3%89tienne_Balsan "Étienne Balsan"), of whom she was the mistress.[\[4\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-directory-4) Because the Balsan flat also was a [salon](https://wiki2.org/en/Salon_\(gathering\) "Salon (gathering)") for the French hunting and sporting Ă©lite, Chanel had the opportunity to meet their *[demi-mondaine](https://wiki2.org/en/Demimonde "Demimonde")* mistresses who, as such, were women of fashion, upon whom the rich men displayed their wealth – as ornate clothes, jewellery, and hats. [![](https://wiki2.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Chanel_hat_from_Les_Modes_1912.jpg/160px-Chanel_hat_from_Les_Modes_1912.jpg)](https://wiki2.org/en/File:Chanel_hat_from_Les_Modes_1912_jpg) The actress Gabrielle Dorziat wearing a Chanel plumed hat (1912) Coco Chanel thus could sell to them the hats she designed and made; she thus earned a living independent of Balsan. In the course of those salons, Coco Chanel befriended [Arthur "Boy" Capel](https://wiki2.org/en/Boy_Capel "Boy Capel"), an English socialite and [polo player](https://wiki2.org/en/Polo "Polo") friend of Étienne Balsan; per the upper class social custom, Chanel also became mistress to Boy Capel. In 1910, Boy Capel financed her first independent millinery shop, *Chanel Modes*, at 31 Rue Cambon in Paris. Because that locale already housed a dress shop, the business-lease limited Chanel to selling only millinery products, not *[couture](https://wiki2.org/en/Haute_couture "Haute couture")*. Two years later 1913, the [Deauville](https://wiki2.org/en/Deauville "Deauville") and [Biarritz](https://wiki2.org/en/Biarritz "Biarritz") *couture* shops of Coco Chanel offered for sale *[prĂȘt-Ă -porter](https://wiki2.org/en/Ready-to-wear "Ready-to-wear")* sports clothes for women, the practical designs of which allowed the wearer to play sports.[\[4\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-directory-4)[\[6\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-ContemporaryFashion-6) The [First World War](https://wiki2.org/en/World_War_I "World War I") (1914–1918), affected European fashion through scarcity of materials, and the mobilisation of women. By that time, Chanel had opened a large dress shop at 31 Rue Cambon, near the [HĂŽtel Ritz](https://wiki2.org/en/H%C3%B4tel_Ritz_Paris "HĂŽtel Ritz Paris"), in Paris. Among the clothes for sale were [flannel](https://wiki2.org/en/Flannel "Flannel") [blazers](https://wiki2.org/en/Blazer "Blazer"), straight-line skirts of [linen](https://wiki2.org/en/Linen "Linen"), [sailor blouses](https://wiki2.org/en/Sailor_suit "Sailor suit"), long [sweaters](https://wiki2.org/en/Sweater "Sweater") made of [jersey](https://wiki2.org/en/Jersey_\(fabric\) "Jersey (fabric)") fabric, and skirt-and-jacket suits. Coco Chanel used jersey cloth because of its physical properties as a garment, such as its drape – how it falls upon and falls from the body of the woman – and how well it adapted to a simple garment-design. Sartorially, some of Chanel's designs derived from the military uniforms made prevalent by the War; and, by 1915, the designs and the clothes produced by the House of Chanel were known throughout France.[\[4\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-directory-4) In 1915, Chanel opened her very first Couture House in Biarritz, France. She had 300 employees and even designed her first line of Haute Couture.[\[7\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-7) In 1915 and in 1917, *[Harper's Bazaar](https://wiki2.org/en/Harper%27s_Bazaar "Harper's Bazaar")* magazine reported that the garments of La Maison Chanel were "on the list of every buyer" for the clothing factories of Europe.[\[4\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-directory-4) The Chanel dress shop at 31 Rue Cambon presented day-wear dress-and-coat ensembles of simple design, and black evening dresses trimmed with lace; and [tulle-fabric](https://wiki2.org/en/Tulle_netting "Tulle netting") dresses decorated with [jet](https://wiki2.org/en/Jet_\(lignite\) "Jet (lignite)"), a minor gemstone material.[\[4\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-directory-4) [![](https://wiki2.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Chanel_jersey_casual_wear_1917%2C.jpg/250px-Chanel_jersey_casual_wear_1917%2C.jpg)](https://wiki2.org/en/File:Chanel_jersey_casual_wear_1917,_jpg) Illustration of three women in Chanel day outfits consisting of belted tunic jackets and full jersey skirts, 1917 After the First World War, La Maison Chanel, following the fashion trends of the 1920s, produced beaded dresses made popular by [Flapper](https://wiki2.org/en/Flapper "Flapper") women.[\[4\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-directory-4) The simple-line, 'flat-chested' fashions Chanel *couture* made popular were opposite of the [hourglass figure](https://wiki2.org/en/Hourglass_figure "Hourglass figure") fashions of the late 19th century – the [Belle Époque](https://wiki2.org/en/Belle_%C3%89poque "Belle Époque") of France (c. 1890–1914), and the British [Edwardian era](https://wiki2.org/en/Edwardian_era "Edwardian era") (c. 1901–1919). Chanel used colors traditionally associated with masculinity in Europe, such as grey and navy blue, to denote feminine boldness.[\[6\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-ContemporaryFashion-6)[\[8\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-8) Chanel clothing often featured quilted fabric and leather trimmings; the quilted construction reinforced the fabric, design, and finish, allowing the garment to maintain its form and function while worn. An example is the [woolen](https://wiki2.org/en/Worsted "Worsted") Chanel suit – a knee-length skirt and a cardigan-style jacket, trimmed and decorated with black [embroidery](https://wiki2.org/en/Embroidery "Embroidery") and gold-coloured buttons, often accessorized with two-tone [pump shoes](https://wiki2.org/en/Court_shoe "Court shoe"), a necklace of pearls, and a leather handbag.[\[4\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-directory-4)[\[6\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-ContemporaryFashion-6)[\[9\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-funding-9) In 1921, to complement Chanel's clothing lines, Coco Chanel commissioned perfumer [Ernest Beaux](https://wiki2.org/en/Ernest_Beaux "Ernest Beaux") to create a perfume for La Maison Chanel. His perfumes included the perfume [No.5](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel_No._5 "Chanel No. 5"), named after the number of the sample Chanel liked best. Originally, given as a gift to clients, No.5's popularity prompted La Maison Chanel to offer it for sale in 1922. In 1923, to explain the success of her clothes, Coco Chanel told *Harper's Bazaar* magazine that design "simplicity is the keynote of all true elegance."[\[4\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-directory-4)[\[10\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-10) Business partners (late 1920s) The success of the [No. 5](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel_No._5 "Chanel No. 5") encouraged Coco Chanel to expand perfume sales beyond France and Europe and to develop other perfumes – for which she required investment capital, business acumen, and access to the North American market. To that end, the businessman [ThĂ©ophile Bader](https://wiki2.org/en/Th%C3%A9ophile_Bader "ThĂ©ophile Bader") (founder of [Galeries Lafayette](https://wiki2.org/en/Galeries_Lafayette "Galeries Lafayette")) introduced the [venture capitalist](https://wiki2.org/en/Venture_capital "Venture capital") [Pierre Wertheimer](https://wiki2.org/en/Pierre_Wertheimer "Pierre Wertheimer") to Coco Chanel. Their business deal established the Parfums Chanel company, a *parfumerie* of which Wertheimer owned 70 per cent, Bader owned 20 per cent, and Chanel owned 10 per cent; commercial success of the joint enterprise was assured by the Chanel name, and by the cachet of la "Maison Chanel", which remained the sole business province of Coco Chanel.[\[9\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-funding-9) Nonetheless, despite the success of the Chanel couture and *parfumerie*, the personal relations between Coco and her capitalist partner deteriorated, because, Coco said that Pierre Wertheimer was exploiting her talents as a fashion designer and as a businesswoman.[\[9\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-funding-9) Wertheimer reminded Chanel that he had made her a very rich woman; and that his venture capital had funded Chanel's productive expansion of the *parfumerie* which created the wealth they enjoyed, all from the success of No. 5 de Chanel. Nevertheless, unsatisfied, the businesswoman Gabrielle Chanel hired the attorney [RenĂ© de Chambrun](https://wiki2.org/en/Ren%C3%A9_de_Chambrun "RenĂ© de Chambrun") to renegotiate the 10-per-cent partnership she entered, in 1924, with the Parfums Chanel company; the lawyer-to-lawyer negotiations failed, and the partnership-percentages remained as established in the original business deal among Wertheimer, Badel, and Chanel.[\[9\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-funding-9) War (1930s–1940s) From the [gamine](https://wiki2.org/en/Gamine "Gamine") fashions of the 1920s, Coco Chanel progressed to womanly fashions in the 1930s: evening-dress designs were characterised by an elongated feminine style, and summer dresses featured contrasts such as silver eyelets, and shoulder straps decorated with [rhinestones](https://wiki2.org/en/Rhinestone "Rhinestone") – drawing from Renaissance-time fashion stylings. In 1932, Chanel presented an exhibition of jewellery dedicated to the diamond as a fashion accessory; it featured the *Comet* and *Fountain* necklaces of diamonds, which were of such original design, that Chanel S.A. re-presented them in 1993. Moreover, by 1937, the House of Chanel had expanded the range of its clothes to more women and presented *prĂȘt-Ă -porter* clothes designed and cut for the petite woman.[\[4\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-directory-4) Among fashion designers, only the clothes created by [Elsa Schiaparelli](https://wiki2.org/en/Elsa_Schiaparelli "Elsa Schiaparelli") could compete with the clothes of Chanel.[\[4\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-directory-4) [![](https://wiki2.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101III-Alber-178-04A%2C_Walter_Schellenberg.jpg/250px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101III-Alber-178-04A%2C_Walter_Schellenberg.jpg)](https://wiki2.org/en/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_101III-Alber-178-04A,_Walter_Schellenberg_jpg) Chanel's spymaster: General [Walter Schellenberg](https://wiki2.org/en/Walter_Schellenberg "Walter Schellenberg"), Chief of the *[Sicherheitsdienst](https://wiki2.org/en/Sicherheitsdienst "Sicherheitsdienst")* During the [Second World War](https://wiki2.org/en/World_War_II "World War II") (1939–45), Coco Chanel closed shop at Maison Chanel – leaving only jewellery and *parfumerie* for sale – and moved to the [HĂŽtel Ritz Paris](https://wiki2.org/en/H%C3%B4tel_Ritz_Paris "HĂŽtel Ritz Paris"), where she lived with her boyfriend, Hans GĂŒnther von Dincklage, a Nazi intelligence officer.[\[4\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-directory-4)[\[6\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-ContemporaryFashion-6)[\[9\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-funding-9) Upon conquering France in June 1940, the Nazis established a Parisian occupation-headquarters in the [HĂŽtel Meurice](https://wiki2.org/en/H%C3%B4tel_Meurice "HĂŽtel Meurice"), on the [Rue de Rivoli](https://wiki2.org/en/Rue_de_Rivoli "Rue de Rivoli"), opposite the [Louvre Museum](https://wiki2.org/en/Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre "MusĂ©e du Louvre"), and just around the corner from the fashionable Maison Chanel S.A., at 31 Rue Cambon.[\[4\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-directory-4) Meanwhile, because of the Nazi occupation's official anti-Semitism, Pierre Wertheimer and family, had fled France to the U.S., in mid-1940. Later, in 1941, Coco Chanel attempted to assume business control of Parfums Chanel but was thwarted by an administrative [delegation](https://wiki2.org/en/Delegation "Delegation") that disallowed her sole disposition of the *parfumerie*. Having foreseen the Nazi occupation policy of the seizure-and-expropriation to Germany of Jewish business and assets in France, Pierre Wertheimer, the majority partner, had earlier, in May 1940, designated [Felix Amiot](https://wiki2.org/en/Felix_Amiot "Felix Amiot"), a Christian French industrialist, as the "[Aryan](https://wiki2.org/en/Aryanism "Aryanism")" proxy whose legal control of the Parfums Chanel business proved politically acceptable to the Nazis, who then allowed the perfume company to continue as an operating business.[\[9\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-funding-9)[\[11\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-11) Occupied France abounded with rumours that Coco Chanel was a Nazi [collaborator](https://wiki2.org/en/Collaborationism "Collaborationism"); her clandestine identity was secret agent 7124 of the [Abwehr](https://wiki2.org/en/Abwehr "Abwehr"), code-named "Westminster".[\[12\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-The_New_Yorker-McAuley-12) As such, by order of General [Walter Schellenberg](https://wiki2.org/en/Walter_Schellenberg "Walter Schellenberg"), of the *[Sicherheitsdienst](https://wiki2.org/en/Sicherheitsdienst "Sicherheitsdienst")*, Chanel was despatched to London on a mission to communicate to British Prime Minister [Winston Churchill](https://wiki2.org/en/Winston_Churchill "Winston Churchill") the particulars of a "separate peace" plan proposed by *[ReichsfĂŒhrer-SS](https://wiki2.org/en/Reichsf%C3%BChrer-SS "ReichsfĂŒhrer-SS")* [Heinrich Himmler](https://wiki2.org/en/Heinrich_Himmler "Heinrich Himmler"), who sought to avoid surrendering to the [Red Army](https://wiki2.org/en/Red_Army "Red Army") of the Soviet Russians. At War's end, upon the [Allied liberation of France](https://wiki2.org/en/Liberation_of_France "Liberation of France"), Chanel was arrested for having collaborated with the Nazis. In September 1944, the [Free French](https://wiki2.org/en/Free_French "Free French") Purge Committee, the *[Ă©puration](https://wiki2.org/en/%C3%89puration_l%C3%A9gale "Épuration lĂ©gale")*, summoned Chanel for interrogation about her collaborationism, yet, without documentary evidence of or witnesses to her collaboration with the Nazis, and because of Churchill's secret intervention in her behalf, the *Ă©puration* released Coco Chanel from arrest as a traitor to France.[\[9\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-funding-9)[\[13\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-13) Despite having been freed by the political grace of Churchill, the strength of the rumours of Chanel's Nazi collaboration had made it impossible for her to remain in France; so Coco Chanel and her German lover, Hans GĂŒnther von Dincklage, went into an eight-year exile to [Switzerland](https://wiki2.org/en/Switzerland "Switzerland").[\[4\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-directory-4)[\[9\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-funding-9) In the post–war period, during Coco Chanel's Swiss exile from France, Pierre Wertheimer returned to Paris and regained formal administrative control of his family's business holdings – including control of Parfums Chanel, the *parfumerie* established with his venture capital, and successful because of the Chanel name.[\[9\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-funding-9) In Switzerland, the news revived Coco Chanel's resentment at having been exploited by her business partner, for only ten per cent of the money. So she established a rival Swiss *parfumerie* to create, produce, and sell *her* "Chanel perfumes". In turn, Wertheimer, the majority capital stock owner of Parfums Chanel, saw his business interests threatened, and his commercial rights infringed because he did not possess legally exclusive rights to the Chanel name. Nonetheless, Wertheimer avoided a trademark infringement lawsuit against Coco Chanel, lest it damage the commercial reputation and the artistic credibility of *his* Chanel-brand *parfumerie*. Pierre Wertheimer settled his business and commercial-rights quarrel with Chanel, and, in May 1947, they renegotiated the 1924 contract that had established Parfums Chanel – she was paid \$400,000 in cash (wartime profits from the sales of perfume No. 5 de Chanel); assigned a 2.0 per cent running royalty from the sales of No. 5 *parfumerie*; assigned limited commercial rights to sell *her* "Chanel perfumes" in Switzerland; and granted a perpetual monthly stipend that paid all of her expenses. In exchange, Gabrielle Chanel closed her Swiss *parfumerie* enterprise, and sold to Parfums Chanel the full rights to the name "Coco Chanel".[\[9\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-funding-9)[\[14\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-14) Resurgence (1950s–1970s) [![](https://wiki2.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/1965_purple_Chanel_suit.jpg/250px-1965_purple_Chanel_suit.jpg)](https://wiki2.org/en/File:1965_purple_Chanel_suit_jpg) A Chanel suit, 1965 In 1953, upon returning to France from Switzerland, Coco Chanel found the fashion business enamoured of the "[New Look](https://wiki2.org/en/Christian_Dior_S.A. "Christian Dior S.A.")" (1947), by [Christian Dior](https://wiki2.org/en/Christian_Dior "Christian Dior"); the signature shape featured a below-mid-calf-length, full-skirt, a narrow waist, and a large bust (stylistically absent since 1912). As a post–war fashion that used some 20 yards of fabric, the [House of Dior](https://wiki2.org/en/Christian_Dior_S.A. "Christian Dior S.A.") couture renounced wartime rationing of fabric for clothes.[\[9\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-funding-9) In 1947 – after the six-year austerities of the [Second World War](https://wiki2.org/en/Second_World_War "Second World War") (1939–45) – the New Look was welcomed by the fashion business of Western Europe because sales of the pretty clothes would revive business and the economy.[\[4\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-directory-4) To regain the business primacy of the House of Chanel, in the fashion fields of *haute couture*, *prĂȘt-Ă -porter*, costume jewellery, and *parfumerie*, would be expensive; so Chanel approached Pierre Wertheimer for business advice and capital.[\[9\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-funding-9) Having decided to do business with Coco Chanel, Wertheimer's negotiations to fund the resurgence of the House of Chanel, granted him commercial rights to all Chanel-brand products.[\[9\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-funding-9) In 1953, Chanel collaborated with jeweler [Robert Goossens](https://wiki2.org/en/Robert_Goossens "Robert Goossens"); he was to design jewelry (bijouterie and gemstone) to complement the fashions of the House of Chanel; notably, long-strand necklaces of black pearls and of white pearls, which high contrast softened the severe design of the knitted-wool Chanel Suit (skirt and cardigan jacket).[\[6\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-ContemporaryFashion-6) The House of Chanel also presented leather handbags with either gold-colour chains or metal-and-leather chains, which allowed carrying the handbag from the shoulder or in hand. The quilted-leather handbag was presented to the public in February 1955. In-house, the numeric version of the launching date "[Chanel 2.55](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel_2.55 "Chanel 2.55")" for that line of handbags became the internal "appellation" for that model of the quilted-leather handbag.[\[4\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-directory-4) The firm's initial venture into masculine *parfumerie* was an [eau de toilette](https://wiki2.org/en/Eau_de_toilette "Eau de toilette") called Pour Monsieur. Chanel and her spring collection received the Fashion Oscar at the 1957 [Fashion Awards](https://wiki2.org/en/Neiman_Marcus_Fashion_Award "Neiman Marcus Fashion Award") in Dallas. Pierre Wertheimer bought Bader's 20 per cent share of the Parfums Chanel, which increased the Wertheimer percentage to 90 per cent.[\[9\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-funding-9) [![](https://wiki2.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Woman_wearing_a_Chanel_cheongsam_with_oriental_robe_and_a_feather_hat_in1950s.jpg/250px-Woman_wearing_a_Chanel_cheongsam_with_oriental_robe_and_a_feather_hat_in1950s.jpg)](https://wiki2.org/en/File:Woman_wearing_a_Chanel_cheongsam_with_oriental_robe_and_a_feather_hat_in1950s_jpg) Woman wearing a Chanel cheongsam with robe and a feather hat in 1950s Later, in 1965, Pierre's son, [Jacques Wertheimer](https://wiki2.org/en/Jacques_Wertheimer "Jacques Wertheimer"), assumed his father's management of the *parfumerie*.[\[9\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-funding-9) About the past business relationship, between Pierre Wertheimer and Coco Chanel, the Chanel attorney, Chambrun said that it had been "one based on a businessman's passion, despite her misplaced feelings of exploitation . . . \[thus\] when Pierre returned to Paris, full of pride and excitement \[after one of his horses won the 1956 English Derby\]. He rushed to Coco, expecting congratulations and praise. But she refused to kiss him. She resented him, you see, all her life."[\[9\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-funding-9) Coco Chanel died on 10 January 1971, at the age of 87.[\[4\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-directory-4) She was still designing at the time of her death.[\[4\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-directory-4) For example, in the (1966–1969) period, she designed the air hostess uniforms for [Olympic Airways](https://wiki2.org/en/Olympic_Airlines "Olympic Airlines"), the designer who followed her was [Pierre Cardin](https://wiki2.org/en/Pierre_Cardin "Pierre Cardin"). In that time, Olympic Airways was a luxury airline, owned by the transport magnate [Aristotle Onassis](https://wiki2.org/en/Aristotle_Onassis "Aristotle Onassis"). After her death, the leadership of the company was handed down to Yvonne Dudel, Jean Cazaubon and Philippe GuibourgĂ©.[\[4\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-directory-4) So far, the bags designed by Chanel are still very popular in the vintage market.[\[15\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-15) After a period of time, Jacques Wertheimer bought the controlling interest of the House of Chanel.[\[4\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-directory-4)[\[9\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-funding-9) Critics stated that during his leadership, he never paid much attention to the company, as he was more interested in horse breeding.[\[9\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-funding-9) In 1974, the House of Chanel launched Cristalle eau de toilette, which was designed when Coco Chanel was alive. 1978 saw the launch of the first non-couture, prĂȘt-Ă -porter line and worldwide distribution of accessories. [Alain Wertheimer](https://wiki2.org/en/Alain_Wertheimer "Alain Wertheimer"), son of Jacques Wertheimer, assumed control of Chanel S.A. in 1974.[\[4\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-directory-4)[\[9\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-funding-9) In the U.S., No. 5 de Chanel was not selling well.[\[9\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-funding-9) Alain revamped Chanel No.5 sales by reducing the number of outlets carrying the fragrance from 18,000 to 12,000. He removed the perfume from drugstore shelves and invested millions of dollars in advertisement for Chanel cosmetics. This ensured a greater sense of scarcity and exclusivity for No.5, and sales rocketed back up as demand for the fragrance increased.[\[9\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-funding-9) He used famous people to endorse the perfume – from [Marilyn Monroe](https://wiki2.org/en/Marilyn_Monroe "Marilyn Monroe") to [Audrey Tautou](https://wiki2.org/en/Audrey_Tautou "Audrey Tautou"). Looking for a designer who could bring the label to new heights, he persuaded [Karl Lagerfeld](https://wiki2.org/en/Karl_Lagerfeld "Karl Lagerfeld") to end his contract with fashion house [ChloĂ©](https://wiki2.org/en/Chlo%C3%A9 "ChloĂ©"). Chanel has partnered with friends and ambassadors over the years including notable actors, musicians, and other artists: [G-Dragon](https://wiki2.org/en/Kwon_Ji-yong "Kwon Ji-yong"), [Jennie](https://wiki2.org/en/Jennie_\(singer\) "Jennie (singer)"), [AngĂšle](https://wiki2.org/en/Ang%C3%A8le_\(singer\) "AngĂšle (singer)"), [Whitney Peak](https://wiki2.org/en/Whitney_Peak_\(actress\) "Whitney Peak (actress)"), [Caroline de Maigret](https://wiki2.org/en/Caroline_de_Maigret "Caroline de Maigret"), [Margaret Qualley](https://wiki2.org/en/Margaret_Qualley "Margaret Qualley"), [Victoria Song](https://wiki2.org/en/Victoria_Song "Victoria Song"), [Wang Yibo](https://wiki2.org/en/Wang_Yibo "Wang Yibo"), [Minji](https://wiki2.org/en/Minji_\(singer\) "Minji (singer)"), [Go Youn-jung](https://wiki2.org/en/Go_Youn-jung "Go Youn-jung"), [Lily-Rose Depp](https://wiki2.org/en/Lily-Rose_Depp "Lily-Rose Depp"), [Keira Knightley](https://wiki2.org/en/Keira_Knightley "Keira Knightley"), [Kristen Stewart](https://wiki2.org/en/Kristen_Stewart "Kristen Stewart"), [Marion Cotillard](https://wiki2.org/en/Marion_Cotillard "Marion Cotillard"), [Nicole Kidman](https://wiki2.org/en/Nicole_Kidman "Nicole Kidman"), and [PenĂ©lope Cruz](https://wiki2.org/en/Pen%C3%A9lope_Cruz "PenĂ©lope Cruz").[\[16\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-16)[\[17\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-17)[\[18\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-18)[\[19\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-19)[\[20\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-20)[\[21\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-21)[\[22\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-22)[\[23\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-23)[\[24\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-24)[\[25\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-25)[\[26\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-26)[\[27\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-27)[\[28\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-28)[\[29\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-29)[\[30\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-30)[\[31\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-31)[\[32\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-32) ### Post-Coco era (1980s–present) [![](https://wiki2.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Chanel_Haute_Couture_Fall-Winter_2011.jpg/250px-Chanel_Haute_Couture_Fall-Winter_2011.jpg)](https://wiki2.org/en/File:Chanel_Haute_Couture_Fall-Winter_2011_jpg) Chanel couture by Lagerfeld: the A/W 2011–2012 collection [![](https://wiki2.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/CHANELYorkdale.jpg/250px-CHANELYorkdale.jpg)](https://wiki2.org/en/File:CHANELYorkdale_jpg) A Chanel store in North America In 1981, Chanel launched Antaeus, an *eau de toilette* for men. In 1983 [Karl Lagerfeld](https://wiki2.org/en/Karl_Lagerfeld "Karl Lagerfeld") took over as chief designer for Chanel. Like Chanel, he looked into the past as inspiration for his designs. He incorporated the Chanel fabrics and detailing such as tweed, gold accents, and chains. Lagerfeld retained what was signature for Chanel but also helped bring the brand into the present. In later collections Lagerfeld chose to break away from the ladylike look of Chanel and began to experiment with fabrics and styles. During the 1980s, more than 40 Chanel boutiques opened worldwide. By the end of the 1980s, the boutiques sold goods ranging from US\$200-per-ounce perfume, US\$225 ballerina slippers to US\$11,000 dresses and US\$2,000 leather handbags. Chanel cosmetics and fragrances were distributed only by Chanel outlets. Chanel marketer Jean Hoehn explained the firm's approach, saying, "We introduce a new fragrance every 10 years, not every three minutes like many competitors. We don't confuse the consumer. With Chanel, people know what to expect. And they keep coming back to us, at all ages, as they enter and leave the market." 1984 saw the launch of a new fragrance in honor of the founder, *[Coco](https://wiki2.org/en/Coco_\(perfume\) "Coco (perfume)")*. In 1986, the House of Chanel struck a deal with watchmakers and in 1987, the first Chanel watch debuted. By the end of the decade, Alain moved the offices to [New York City](https://wiki2.org/en/New_York_City "New York City").[\[9\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-funding-9) Maison de Chanel increased the Wertheimer family fortune to US\$5 billion. Sales were hurt by the recession of the early 1990s, but Chanel recovered by the mid-1990s with further boutique expansion.[\[9\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-funding-9) In 1994, Chanel had a net profit equivalent to €67 million on the sale of €570 million in ready-to-wear clothes and was the most profitable French fashion house.[\[33\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-LBM_2012_58-33) In 1996, Chanel bought gun-makers [Holland & Holland](https://wiki2.org/en/Holland_%26_Holland "Holland & Holland"), but failed in its attempt to revamp the firm.[\[9\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-funding-9) The swimwear label Eres was also purchased in 1996.[\[34\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-34) Chanel launched the perfumes Allure in 1996 and Allure Homme in 1998. The House of Chanel launched its first skin care line, PrĂ©cision, in 1999. That same year, Chanel launched a travel collection, and under a license contract with [Luxottica](https://wiki2.org/en/Luxottica "Luxottica"), introduced a line of sunglasses and eyeglass frames. While Wertheimer remained chairman, Françoise Montenay became CEO and President. 2000 saw the launch of the first unisex watch by Chanel, the J12. In 2001, watchmaker Bell & Ross was acquired. The same year, Chanel boutiques offering only selections of accessories were opened in the United States. Chanel launched a small selection of menswear as a part of their runway shows. In 2002, Chanel launched the Chance perfume and [Paraffection](https://wiki2.org/en/Paraffection "Paraffection"), a subsidiary company originally established in 1997[\[35\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-35) to support artisanal manufacturing, that gathered together Ateliers d'Art or workshops including Desrues for ornamentation and buttons, LemariĂ© for feathers, [Lesage](https://wiki2.org/en/Maison_Lesage "Maison Lesage") for embroidery, Massaro for shoemaking and Michel for millinery. A prĂȘt-Ă -porter collection was designed by Karl Lagerfeld. In July 2002, a jewelry and watch outlet opened on [Madison Avenue](https://wiki2.org/en/Madison_Avenue "Madison Avenue"). Within months, a 1,000-square-foot (90 m2) shoe/handbag boutique opened next door. Chanel continued to expand in the United States and by December 2002, operated 25 U.S. boutiques.[\[9\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-funding-9) [![](https://wiki2.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Chanel_Store_in_Prince%27s_Building%2C_Central%2C_Hong_Kong--2014-12.jpg/250px-Chanel_Store_in_Prince%27s_Building%2C_Central%2C_Hong_Kong--2014-12.jpg)](https://wiki2.org/en/File:Chanel_Store_in_Prince%27s_Building,_Central,_Hong_Kong--2014-12_jpg) The Chanel flagship store at [Prince's Building](https://wiki2.org/en/Prince%27s_Building "Prince's Building"), Hong Kong Chanel introduced [Coco Mademoiselle](https://wiki2.org/en/Coco_Mademoiselle "Coco Mademoiselle") and an "In-Between Wear" in 2003, targeting younger women, opened a second shop on Rue Cambon, opened a 2,400 square feet (220 m2) boutique in [Central, Hong Kong](https://wiki2.org/en/Central,_Hong_Kong "Central, Hong Kong"), and paid nearly US\$50 million for a building in [Ginza](https://wiki2.org/en/Ginza "Ginza"), Tokyo. In 2007, [Maureen Chiquet](https://wiki2.org/en/Maureen_Chiquet "Maureen Chiquet") was appointed CEO. She remained CEO until her termination in 2016.[\[36\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-36) In 2018, Chanel announced relocation of its global headquarters to London.[\[37\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-37)[\[38\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-38)[\[39\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-39) In December of the same year, Chanel announced that it would ban fur and exotic skins from its collections.[\[40\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-40) In February 2019, Lagerfeld died at age 85.[\[41\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-41) [Virginie Viard](https://wiki2.org/en/Virginie_Viard "Virginie Viard"), who had worked with Lagerfeld at the fashion house for over 30 years, was named the new Creative Director.[\[42\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-42) Viard departed the brand in June 2024.[\[43\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-43) In December 2021, [Leena Nair](https://wiki2.org/en/Leena_Nair "Leena Nair") was appointed Global Chief Executive Officer.[\[44\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-44)[\[45\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-45)[\[46\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-46) In February 2024, Chanel opened its U.S. flagship store dedicated to watches and fine jewellery on [Fifth Avenue](https://wiki2.org/en/Fifth_Avenue "Fifth Avenue") in [Midtown](https://wiki2.org/en/Midtown_Manhattan "Midtown Manhattan") [Manhattan](https://wiki2.org/en/Manhattan "Manhattan"), [New York City](https://wiki2.org/en/New_York_City "New York City"), near [Billionaires' Row](https://wiki2.org/en/Billionaires%27_Row_\(Manhattan\) "Billionaires' Row (Manhattan)").[\[47\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-47) In December 2024, [Matthieu Blazy](https://wiki2.org/en/Matthieu_Blazy "Matthieu Blazy") was appointed the next Artistic Director of Chanel.[\[48\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-48) Previously, he was creative director of Italian leather goods line [Bottega Veneta](https://wiki2.org/en/Bottega_Veneta "Bottega Veneta") where his work garnered critical acclaim and commercial success.[\[49\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-49) ### Exhibitions and retrospectives The [Palais Galliera](https://wiki2.org/en/Palais_Galliera "Palais Galliera") featured a retrospective Gabrielle Chanel. Fashion Manifesto (October 1, 2020 – August 17, 2021). The exhibit later traveled to [Mitsubishi Ichigokan Museum](https://wiki2.org/en/Mitsubishi_Ichigokan_Museum,_Tokyo "Mitsubishi Ichigokan Museum, Tokyo") in Tokyo, [National Gallery of Victoria](https://wiki2.org/en/National_Gallery_of_Victoria "National Gallery of Victoria") in Melbourne (December 3, 2021 – April 25, 2022), and will debut at London's [Victoria & Albert Museum](https://wiki2.org/en/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum "Victoria and Albert Museum") (September 16, 2023).[\[50\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-50)[\[51\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-51)[\[52\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-52)[\[53\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-53) The [ThyssenBornemisza National Museum](https://wiki2.org/en/Thyssen-Bornemisza_Museum "Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum") in [Madrid](https://wiki2.org/en/Madrid "Madrid") explored the relationship and reciprocal influence between Pablo Picasso and Gabrielle Chanel with a four-part exhibition (October 11, 2022 – January 15, 2023) spanning their works between 1915 and 1925.[\[54\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-54)[\[55\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-55)[\[56\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-56)[\[57\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-57)[\[58\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-58) The [Metropolitan Museum of Art](https://wiki2.org/en/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art "Metropolitan Museum of Art"), home to the annual [Met Gala](https://wiki2.org/en/Met_Gala "Met Gala") in the [financial](https://wiki2.org/en/Financial_centre "Financial centre") and [fashion capital](https://wiki2.org/en/Fashion_capital "Fashion capital") of [New York City](https://wiki2.org/en/New_York_City "New York City"), first honoured the house with a (May 5-August 7) 2005 exhibit chronicling the work of Coco Chanel's designs dating back to the 1920s. The museum's [Costume Institute](https://wiki2.org/en/Costume_Institute "Costume Institute") will unveil a posthumous retrospective, paying homage to former Creative Director, [Karl Lagerfeld](https://wiki2.org/en/Karl_Lagerfeld "Karl Lagerfeld") (May 5-July 16).[\[59\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-59)[\[60\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-60)[\[61\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-61)[\[62\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-62) ### Philanthropy, sustainability, arts and culture Fondation Chanel is the philanthropic arm of the house. Founded in 2011, some of the organization's key initiatives include promoting greater healthcare advocacy; addressing the disparities in gender-based violence; and "accelerating economic agency and empowerment". Fondation Chanel has partnered with organizations in Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America, the United Kingdom, and the United States.[\[63\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-63)[\[64\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-64)[\[65\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-65) Chanel announced (June 2021) an anchor investment in the Landscape Resilience Fund, contributing \$25 million to farmers grappling with the impacts of climate change. Setting a new series of science-based targets, the company also launched the No.1 de Chanel beauty and fragrance line in 2022, with 97% naturally derived ingredients and eco-conscious packaging designed. The house also announced goals in accordance with the [Paris Climate Agreement](https://wiki2.org/en/Paris_climate_agreement "Paris climate agreement") to reduce its carbon footprint by 50% by 2030 and reduce its emissions from value chain by 40% by 2030. As part of the Chanel Mission 1.5 Climate Action Plan, the brand has pledged to transition to 100% renewable electricity by 2025. The company is also sourcing eco-responsible tweeds; shifting to maritime transport with a goal of 80% shipments by sea by 2024; and supporting land and livlihood projects throughout communities in Africa, Southeast Asia, and Latin America.[\[66\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-66)[\[67\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-67)[\[68\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-68)[\[69\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-69)[\[70\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-70)[\[71\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-71)[\[72\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-72) In January 2024, Chanel launched an initiative with the consortium of 15 cosmetics-manufacturers, called the Traceability Alliance for Sustainable Cosmetics to catalyze traceability in the cosmetics sector.[\[73\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-73)[\[74\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-74) ### Arts and culture The Chanel Culture Fund is a global program of initiatives and partnerships. Since its inception, the House has partnered with the [National Portrait Gallery](https://wiki2.org/en/National_Portrait_Gallery,_London "National Portrait Gallery, London") (London), [The Centre Pompidou](https://wiki2.org/en/Centre_Pompidou "Centre Pompidou") (Paris), and the [Power Station](https://wiki2.org/en/Power_Station_of_Art "Power Station of Art") (Shanghai). The Fund awards an annual prize (Chanel Next Prize) of €100,000 to ten artists in the fields of performing and visual arts.[\[75\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-75)[\[76\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-76)[\[77\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-77)[\[78\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-78)[\[79\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-79)[\[80\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-80)[\[81\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-81) Yana Peel, global head of arts and culture said of the Fund in an interview with Harper's Bazaar, "At a time when we are navigating our way through complex new environments around the world, we know that artists generate transformative ideas that help us envision the way forward. Chanel has always championed the vitality and advancement of the arts, and we now expand that tradition through the Fund with a focus on supporting cultural innovators and path-breakers who are mapping out what's next."[\[82\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-82) ## Corporate identity The Chanel logotype comprises two interlocked, opposed letters-C, one faced left, one faced right. The logotype was given to Chanel by the ChĂąteau de CrĂ©mat, Nice, and was not registered as a trademark until the first Chanel shops were established.[\[83\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-83)[\[84\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-84) The logo is commonly known to stand for "Coco Chanel" and has become one of the most recognizable logos in the world. It has also become the symbol of prestige, luxury, and class.[\[85\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-85) In 2022, Chanel donated €2 million towards [Care](https://wiki2.org/en/Care_International "Care International") and [UNHCR](https://wiki2.org/en/UNHCR "UNHCR"), the money will go to Ukraine to help it during the [Russian invasion](https://wiki2.org/en/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine "2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine").[\[86\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-86) Worldwide, Chanel S.A. operates around 310 Chanel boutiques; 94 in Asia, 70 in Europe, 10 in the Middle East, 128 in North America, 1 in Central America, 2 in South America, and 6 in Oceania. The shops are located in wealthy communities, usually in department stores like [Harrods](https://wiki2.org/en/Harrods "Harrods") and [Selfridges](https://wiki2.org/en/Selfridges "Selfridges"), [Bergdorf Goodman](https://wiki2.org/en/Bergdorf_Goodman "Bergdorf Goodman"), [Neiman Marcus](https://wiki2.org/en/Neiman_Marcus "Neiman Marcus") and [Saks Fifth Avenue](https://wiki2.org/en/Saks_Fifth_Avenue "Saks Fifth Avenue"), high streets, shopping districts, and inside airports.[\[9\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-funding-9) In 2015, the company paid a record \$152 million for 400 North [Rodeo Drive](https://wiki2.org/en/Rodeo_Drive "Rodeo Drive") in [Beverly Hills](https://wiki2.org/en/Beverly_Hills "Beverly Hills"). This is the most expensive amount paid for retail space in Los Angeles.[\[87\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-87) In October 2020, the company bought its flagship [Bond Street](https://wiki2.org/en/Bond_Street "Bond Street") boutique in London for ÂŁ310 million.[\[88\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-88)[\[89\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-89) ### Trademarks One timeline measurement for Chanel presence in the United States is via trademarks registered with the [United States Patent and Trademark Office](https://wiki2.org/en/United_States_Patent_and_Trademark_Office "United States Patent and Trademark Office") (USPTO). On Tuesday, 18 November 1924, Chanel, Inc. filed trademark applications for the typeset mark *Chanel* and for the interlocking *CC* design plus word mark. At that time, the trademarks were registered only for the perfume, toiletry, and cosmetic products in the primary class of common metals and their alloys. Chanel provided the description of *face powder, perfume, Eau de Cologne, toilet water, lip stick, and [rouge](https://wiki2.org/en/Rouge_\(cosmetics\) "Rouge (cosmetics)"),* to the USPTO.[\[90\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-90) The Chanel and double-C trademarks were awarded on the same date of 24 February 1925 with respective Serial Numbers of 71205468 and 71205469. The first trademark application for the No. 5 perfume was on Thursday, 1 April 1926, described as perfume and toilet water. First use and commercial use was stated as 1 January 1921. Registration was granted on 20 July 1926 with Serial Number 71229497. #### Combatting counterfeits Along with other makers, Chanel is a target of counterfeiters.[\[91\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-91) An authentic classic Chanel handbag retails from around US\$4,150, while a counterfeit usually costs around US\$200. Beginning in the 1990s, all authentic Chanel handbags were numbered. In 2018, Chanel filed suit in the Federal District Court of the Southern District of New York, alleging The RealReal was hosting counterfeit (fake) Chanel products on their website and implying to customers that an affiliation existed between the two.[\[92\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-92)[\[93\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-93) Due to the high volume of Chanel counterfeits, the legal department at Chanel has set up a website to educate consumers about "Spotting Fake vs Authentic CHANEL Products".[\[94\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-94) Many fashion bloggers[\[95\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-95)[\[96\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-96) are spreading awareness about identifying fake luxury items such as Chanel's products.[\[97\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-97) - [![Two interlocking Cs for "Coco Chanel", introduced ca. 1990](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/92/Chanel_logo_interlocking_cs.svg/120px-Chanel_logo_interlocking_cs.svg.png)](https://wiki2.org/en/File:Chanel_logo_interlocking_cs_svg "Two interlocking Cs for \"Coco Chanel\", introduced ca. 1990") Two interlocking Cs for "Coco Chanel", introduced ca. 1990 - [![Perfume label trademark "No. 5 de Chanel" and font, introduced in 1926](https://wiki2.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/dd/OrigChanel-No5logo1926-trademarkia.jpeg/120px-OrigChanel-No5logo1926-trademarkia.jpeg)](https://wiki2.org/en/File:OrigChanel-No5logo1926-trademarkia_jpeg "Perfume label trademark \"No. 5 de Chanel\" and font, introduced in 1926") Perfume label trademark "No. 5 de Chanel" and font, introduced in 1926 - [![Logo name and font, introduced in 1924](https://wiki2.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8b/Orig-ChanelWordlogo1924-trademarkia.jpg/120px-Orig-ChanelWordlogo1924-trademarkia.jpg)](https://wiki2.org/en/File:Orig-ChanelWordlogo1924-trademarkia_jpg "Logo name and font, introduced in 1924") Logo name and font, introduced in 1924 - [![Interlocking Cs used on Chanel products](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/70/Chanel_logo-no_words.svg/120px-Chanel_logo-no_words.svg.png)](https://wiki2.org/en/File:Chanel_logo-no_words_svg "Interlocking Cs used on Chanel products") Interlocking Cs used on Chanel products ## Products [![](https://wiki2.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Ernest_Beaux.jpg/250px-Ernest_Beaux.jpg)](https://wiki2.org/en/File:Ernest_Beaux_jpg) *Le nez de Chanel*: the perfumer Ernest Beaux (1881–1961) created No. 5 de Chanel in 1921. [![](https://wiki2.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/CHANEL_No5_parfum.jpg/250px-CHANEL_No5_parfum.jpg)](https://wiki2.org/en/File:CHANEL_No5_parfum_jpg) Chanel presented Perfume No. 5 to the market in 1922; created by Ernest Beaux in 1921 ### Handbag Introduced in 1955, the Chanel 2.55 handbag revolutionized women's fashion by incorporating a shoulder strap,[\[98\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-98) allowing for hands-free use. Over the years, Chanel has consistently updated its handbag designs while maintaining their classic appeal. For instance, in 1983, Karl Lagerfeld introduced the 11.12 handbag,[\[99\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-99) featuring the now-iconic double-C logo.[\[100\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-100) Chanel's pricing strategy has involved regular increases to reinforce the brand's exclusivity. The Classic Flap bag, for example, has seen its price rise from \$220 at its inception to over \$10,000 in recent years.[\[101\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-101) These adjustments are influenced by factors such as rising material and labor costs, as well as strategic pricing decisions to maintain the brand's luxury positioning.[\[102\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-102) ### Fragrance In 1924, [Pierre Wertheimer](https://wiki2.org/en/Pierre_Wertheimer "Pierre Wertheimer") founded Parfums Chanel, to produce and sell perfumes and cosmetics; the *parfumerie* proved to be the most profitable business division of the Chanel S.A. corporation.[\[9\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-funding-9)[\[103\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-103) Since its establishment, *parfumerie* Chanel has employed four [perfumers](https://wiki2.org/en/Perfumer "Perfumer"): - [Ernest Beaux](https://wiki2.org/en/Ernest_Beaux "Ernest Beaux") (1920–1961) - [Henri Robert](https://wiki2.org/en/Henri_Robert "Henri Robert") (1958–1978) - [Jacques Polge](https://wiki2.org/en/Jacques_Polge "Jacques Polge") (1978–2015) - Olivier Polge (2015–present) [![](https://wiki2.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Chanel_MYER_Sydney_City_2013.jpg/250px-Chanel_MYER_Sydney_City_2013.jpg)](https://wiki2.org/en/File:Chanel_MYER_Sydney_City_2013_jpg) Fragrance and Skincare counter at [Myer](https://wiki2.org/en/Myer "Myer") in [Sydney](https://wiki2.org/en/Sydney "Sydney") #### Perfumes - Allure EDT - Allure Eau Sensuelle EDP - Allure Eau Sensuelle EDT - Chance Eau Vive - Chance Eau Fraiche - Chance Eau Tendre - Coco - Coco Mademoiselle - Coco Noir - Cristalle - Cristalle Eau Verte - No. 5 - No. 19 - No. 19 Poudre - No 22 - GardĂ©nia - Bois des Iles - [Cuir de Russie](https://wiki2.org/en/Cuir_de_Russie "Cuir de Russie") - Eau de Cologne - 31 Rue Cambon - No. 18 - Coromandel - Bel Respiro - 28 La Pausa (named for [La Pausa](https://wiki2.org/en/La_Pausa "La Pausa"), Chanel's villa on the French Riviera)[\[104\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-NYTParis-104) - Sycomore - Beige - Jersey - 1932 - Misia - Boy - 1957 - Le Lion de Chanel #### Colognes - [Allure pour Homme](https://wiki2.org/en/List_of_perfumes "List of perfumes") - Allure pour Homme Sport - Allure pour Homme Eau Extreme - Allure pour Homme Cologne Sport - Allure Homme Edition Blanche - Antaeus - ÉgoĂŻste - Platinum ÉgoĂŻste - Bleu De Chanel Eau de Toilette - Bleu De Chanel Eau de Parfum - Bleu De Chanel Parfum - Pour Monsieur ### Makeup and skincare Cosmetics are the most accessible Chanel product, with counters in department stores across the world, including [Harrods](https://wiki2.org/en/Harrods "Harrods"), [Galeries Lafayette](https://wiki2.org/en/Galeries_Lafayette "Galeries Lafayette"), [Bergdorf Goodman](https://wiki2.org/en/Bergdorf_Goodman "Bergdorf Goodman"), [Hudson's Bay](https://wiki2.org/en/Hudson%27s_Bay_\(retailer\) "Hudson's Bay (retailer)") and [David Jones](https://wiki2.org/en/David_Jones_\(department_store\) "David Jones (department store)"), Wojooh, [Selfridges](https://wiki2.org/en/Selfridges "Selfridges"),[\[105\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-105) [John Lewis & Partners](https://wiki2.org/en/John_Lewis_%26_Partners "John Lewis & Partners") and [Boots](https://wiki2.org/en/Boots_\(company\) "Boots (company)") as well as its own beauty boutiques. #### Products lines - Mascara - LA MOUSSE - Hydra Beauty - Le Blanc - Le Lift - Sublimage - Blue Serum - La Solution 10 de Chanel - [Vamp Nail Polish](https://wiki2.org/en/Vamp_Nail_Polish "Vamp Nail Polish") - N°1 line (skincare and makeup products based on holistic beauty and eco-friendly principles)[\[106\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-106) ### Fine jewellery Chanel 'High Jewellery' was founded in November 1932. Chanel debuted 'Bijoux de Diamants' at her Faubourg Saint-HonorĂ©, Paris mansion.[\[107\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-107) It was also the first high-end jewelry collection created by a fashion designer.[\[108\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-108) The 'Bijoux de Diamants' was inspired by celestial forms such as stars, comets, and the moon. Gabrielle Chanel designed an estimated 50 pieces with white and yellow diamonds set in platinum and yellow gold.[\[109\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-109) The collection, a collaboration with the London Diamond Corporation, aimed to revitalize the diamond trade during the Great Depression.[\[110\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-110) In 2012, the company created a special collection to celebrate Diamants' 80th anniversary. Current collections include High Jewelry, Camelia, Comete, Coco Crush, Baroque, 1932, Ultra, Bridal and Jewelry Watches.[\[111\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-111) ### Watches Further information: [Chanel J12](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel_J12 "Chanel J12") The Chanel [wristwatch](https://wiki2.org/en/Wristwatch "Wristwatch") division was established in 1987.[\[112\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-watchave-112) In 1995, division presented a second design, the *MatelassĂ©*.[\[112\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-watchave-112) Although the *PremiĂšre* and *MatelassĂ©* wristwatches were successful products, the presentation, in 2000, of the *[Chanel J12](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel_J12 "Chanel J12")* line of unisex style wristwatches, made of ceramic materials, established Chanel wristwatches as a Chanel marque.[\[112\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-watchave-112) The J12 line of wristwatches features models in four dial-face sizes: 33mm, 38mm, 41mm, and 42mm.[\[112\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-watchave-112)[\[113\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-maillard-113) In 2008, Chanel S.A. and [Audemars Piguet](https://wiki2.org/en/Audemars_Piguet "Audemars Piguet") developed the [ceramic](https://wiki2.org/en/Ceramic "Ceramic") Chanel AP-3125 clockwork, exclusive to the House of Chanel.[\[114\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-114) As of 2024, Chanel holds 25% stake in [MB\&F](https://wiki2.org/en/MB%26F "MB&F"), 20% in [F. P. Journe](https://wiki2.org/en/F._P._Journe "F. P. Journe") and undisclosed stake in [Romain Gauthier](https://wiki2.org/en/Romain_Gauthier "Romain Gauthier").[\[115\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-115) ### Wine Chanel owns the wineries [ChĂąteau Rauzan-SĂ©gla](https://wiki2.org/en/Ch%C3%A2teau_Rauzan-S%C3%A9gla "ChĂąteau Rauzan-SĂ©gla"), [ChĂąteau Canon](https://wiki2.org/en/Ch%C3%A2teau_Canon_\(Saint-%C3%89milion\) "ChĂąteau Canon (Saint-Émilion)"), [St. SupĂ©ry Estate Vineyards & Winery](https://wiki2.org/en/St._Sup%C3%A9ry_Estate_Vineyards_%26_Winery "St. SupĂ©ry Estate Vineyards & Winery"), and Domaine de i'lle located on the island of Porquerolles in the Cotes de Provence AOP. ### Swimwear In 2018, Chanel acquired clothing brand Orlebar Brown,[\[116\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-116) specializing in tailored men's swim shorts. ### Gallery - [![Chanel handbag in quilted-leather with adjustable double-chains to wear on the arm or shoulder.](https://wiki2.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Chanel_2.55.jpg/120px-Chanel_2.55.jpg)](https://wiki2.org/en/File:Chanel_2.55_jpg "Chanel handbag in quilted-leather with adjustable double-chains to wear on the arm or shoulder.") Chanel handbag in quilted-leather with adjustable double-chains to wear on the arm or shoulder. - [![A 1965 Chanel suit showing the chain that is a distinctive technique for constructing a Chanel suit. It gives even light-weight materials a good drape and stabilize the suit as it weighs down the hem.\[117\]\[118\]](https://wiki2.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/1965_Chanel_suit_and_silk_blouse_detail2.jpg/120px-1965_Chanel_suit_and_silk_blouse_detail2.jpg)](https://wiki2.org/en/File:1965_Chanel_suit_and_silk_blouse_detail2_jpg "A 1965 Chanel suit showing the chain that is a distinctive technique for constructing a Chanel suit. It gives even light-weight materials a good drape and stabilize the suit as it weighs down the hem.[117][118]") A 1965 Chanel suit showing the [chain](https://wiki2.org/en/Chain "Chain") that is a distinctive technique for constructing a Chanel suit. It gives even light-weight materials a good [drape](https://wiki2.org/en/Drapery#Drape "Drapery") and stabilize the suit as it weighs down the hem.[\[117\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-117)[\[118\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-118) - [![Belgian King Baudouin and Queen Fabiola visit the Nixon White House with a quilted leather Chanel handbag in 1969.](https://wiki2.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Baudouin_1969.jpg/120px-Baudouin_1969.jpg)](https://wiki2.org/en/File:Baudouin_1969_jpg "Belgian King Baudouin and Queen Fabiola visit the Nixon White House with a quilted leather Chanel handbag in 1969.") Belgian [King Baudouin](https://wiki2.org/en/Baudouin_of_Belgium "Baudouin of Belgium") and [Queen Fabiola](https://wiki2.org/en/Fabiola_de_Mora_y_Arag%C3%B3n "Fabiola de Mora y AragĂłn") visit the [Nixon](https://wiki2.org/en/Richard_Nixon "Richard Nixon") White House with a quilted leather Chanel handbag in 1969. - [![Chanel original Robot clutch](https://wiki2.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Chanel_Original_Robot_Clutch.jpg/120px-Chanel_Original_Robot_Clutch.jpg)](https://wiki2.org/en/File:Chanel_Original_Robot_Clutch_jpg "Chanel original Robot clutch") Chanel original Robot clutch Fashion collections and runway shows | Designer | Season | City | Locale | Presentation date | Line | Theme | For sale | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | Karl Lagerfeld | Fall–Winter 2010 | [Paris](https://wiki2.org/en/Paris "Paris") | [Grand Palais](https://wiki2.org/en/Grand_Palais "Grand Palais") | 6 July 2010 | [Haute couture](https://wiki2.org/en/Haute_couture "Haute couture") | A lion | On order | | Spring–Summer 2011 | 5 October 2010 | [Ready-to-wear](https://wiki2.org/en/Ready-to-wear "Ready-to-wear") | An orchestra | March 2011 | | | | | Paris–Byzance | 31 rue Cambon | 7 December 2010 | A Byzantine palace | May 2011 | | | | | Spring–Summer 2011 | Pavillon Cambon–Capucines | 25 January 2011 | [Haute couture](https://wiki2.org/en/Haute_couture "Haute couture") | Ballet[\[119\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-119)[\[120\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-120) | On order | | | | Fall–Winter 2011 | [Grand Palais](https://wiki2.org/en/Grand_Palais "Grand Palais") | 8 March 2011 | [Ready-to-wear](https://wiki2.org/en/Ready-to-wear "Ready-to-wear") | A frozen garden | September 2011 | | | | Cruise 2011 | [Antibes](https://wiki2.org/en/Antibes "Antibes") | [HĂŽtel du Cap](https://wiki2.org/en/H%C3%B4tel_du_Cap "HĂŽtel du Cap") | 5 May 2011 | [Cruise collection](https://wiki2.org/en/Cruise_collection "Cruise collection") | Outdoors | November 2011 | | | Fall–Winter 2011 | [Paris](https://wiki2.org/en/Paris "Paris") | [Grand Palais](https://wiki2.org/en/Grand_Palais "Grand Palais") | 5 July 2011 | [Haute couture](https://wiki2.org/en/Haute_couture "Haute couture") | Night-time Place VendĂŽme[\[121\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-121)[\[122\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-122) | On order | | | Spring–summer 2012 | 4 October 2011 | [Ready-to-wear](https://wiki2.org/en/Ready-to-wear "Ready-to-wear") | Under the Sea and Florence | March 2012 | | | | | Paris–Bombay | 6 December 2011 | An Indian palace[\[123\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-123) | May 2012 | | | | | | Spring–Summer 2012 | 24 January 2012 | [Haute couture](https://wiki2.org/en/Haute_couture "Haute couture") | An aeroplane in flight[\[124\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-124) | On order | | | | | Fall–Winter 2012–2013 | 6 March 2012 | [Ready-to-wear](https://wiki2.org/en/Ready-to-wear "Ready-to-wear") | Quartz World | September 2012 | | | | | Cruise 2013 | [Versailles](https://wiki2.org/en/Versailles_\(city\) "Versailles (city)") | [Palace of Versailles](https://wiki2.org/en/Palace_of_Versailles "Palace of Versailles") | 13 May 2012 | [Cruise collection](https://wiki2.org/en/Cruise_collection "Cruise collection") | Gardens of Versailles | November 2012 | | | Fall–Winter 2012 | [Paris](https://wiki2.org/en/Paris "Paris") | [Grand Palais](https://wiki2.org/en/Grand_Palais "Grand Palais") | 3 July 2012 | [Haute couture](https://wiki2.org/en/Haute_couture "Haute couture") | New Vintage | On order | | | Spring–Summer 2013 | 2 October 2012 | [Ready-to-wear](https://wiki2.org/en/Ready-to-wear "Ready-to-wear") | New energy | March 2013 | | | | | Paris-Edinburgh | [Linlithgow](https://wiki2.org/en/Linlithgow "Linlithgow") | [Linlithgow Palace](https://wiki2.org/en/Linlithgow_Palace "Linlithgow Palace") | 4 December 2012 | [Ready-to-wear](https://wiki2.org/en/Ready-to-wear "Ready-to-wear") | Barbarian romance | May 2013 | | | Spring–Summer 2013 | [Paris](https://wiki2.org/en/Paris "Paris") | [Grand Palais](https://wiki2.org/en/Grand_Palais "Grand Palais") | 22 January 2013 | [Haute couture](https://wiki2.org/en/Haute_couture "Haute couture") | The Forest | On order | | | Fall–Winter 2013–2014 | 5 March 2013 | [Ready-to-wear](https://wiki2.org/en/Ready-to-wear "Ready-to-wear") | Around the world | September 2013 | | | | | Cruise 2014 | [Singapore](https://wiki2.org/en/Singapore "Singapore") | Dempsey Hill Army Barracks | 9 May 2013 | [Cruise collection](https://wiki2.org/en/Cruise_collection "Cruise collection") | Vacation | November 2013 | | | Fall–Winter 2013–2014 | [Paris](https://wiki2.org/en/Paris "Paris") | [Grand Palais](https://wiki2.org/en/Grand_Palais "Grand Palais") | 2 July 2013 | [Haute couture](https://wiki2.org/en/Haute_couture "Haute couture") | The future[\[125\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-125) | On order | | | Spring–Summer 2014 | 1 October 2013 | [Ready-to-wear](https://wiki2.org/en/Ready-to-wear "Ready-to-wear") | Art | March 2014 | | | | | MĂ©tiers d'art Paris-Dallas 2013–2014 | [Dallas](https://wiki2.org/en/Dallas "Dallas") | [Fair Park](https://wiki2.org/en/Fair_Park "Fair Park") | 11 December 2013 | [Ready-to-wear](https://wiki2.org/en/Ready-to-wear "Ready-to-wear") | Texas/ Americana | May 2014 | | | Spring–Summer 2014 | [Paris](https://wiki2.org/en/Paris "Paris") | [Grand Palais](https://wiki2.org/en/Grand_Palais "Grand Palais") | 21 January 2014 | [Haute couture](https://wiki2.org/en/Haute_couture "Haute couture") | Sport[\[126\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-126) | On order | | | Fall–Winter 2014–2015 | 4 March 2014 | [Ready-to-wear](https://wiki2.org/en/Ready-to-wear "Ready-to-wear") | The Chanel Shopping Center | September 2014 | | | | | Cruise 2015 | [Dubai](https://wiki2.org/en/Dubai "Dubai") | [The World](https://wiki2.org/en/The_World_\(archipelago\) "The World (archipelago)") | 14 May 2014 | [Cruise collection](https://wiki2.org/en/Cruise_collection "Cruise collection") | Arabia | November 2014 | | | Fall–Winter 2014–2015 | [Paris](https://wiki2.org/en/Paris "Paris") | [Grand Palais](https://wiki2.org/en/Grand_Palais "Grand Palais") | 8 July 2014 | [Haute couture](https://wiki2.org/en/Haute_couture "Haute couture") | [Pied-Ă -terre](https://wiki2.org/en/Pied-%C3%A0-terre "Pied-Ă -terre") | On order | | | Spring–Summer 2015 | 30 September 2014 | [Ready-to-wear](https://wiki2.org/en/Ready-to-wear "Ready-to-wear") | Chanel Boulevard | March 2015 | | | | | Spring–Summer 2015 | 27 January 2015 | [Haute couture](https://wiki2.org/en/Haute_couture "Haute couture") | Paper Flowers | On order | | | | | Fall–Winter 2015–2016 | 10 March 2015 | [Ready-to-wear](https://wiki2.org/en/Ready-to-wear "Ready-to-wear") | Brasserie | September 2015 | | | | | Cruise 2016 | [Seoul](https://wiki2.org/en/Seoul "Seoul") | [Dongdaemun Design Plaza](https://wiki2.org/en/Dongdaemun_Design_Plaza "Dongdaemun Design Plaza") | 4 May 2015 | [Cruise collection](https://wiki2.org/en/Cruise_collection "Cruise collection") | K-pop | November 2015 | | | Fall–Winter 2015–2016 | [Paris](https://wiki2.org/en/Paris "Paris") | [Grand Palais](https://wiki2.org/en/Grand_Palais "Grand Palais") | 7 July 2015 | [Haute couture](https://wiki2.org/en/Haute_couture "Haute couture") | Casino | On order | | | Spring–Summer 2016 | 6 October 2015 | [Ready-to-wear](https://wiki2.org/en/Ready-to-wear "Ready-to-wear") | Airport | March 2016 | | | | | Spring–Summer 2016 | 26 January 2016 | [Haute couture](https://wiki2.org/en/Haute_couture "Haute couture") | Zen garden | On order | | | | | Fall–Winter 2016–2017 | 8 March 2016 | [Ready-to-wear](https://wiki2.org/en/Ready-to-wear "Ready-to-wear") | No set | September 2016 | | | | | Cruise 2017 | [Havana](https://wiki2.org/en/Havana "Havana") | [Paseo del Prado, Havana](https://wiki2.org/en/Paseo_del_Prado,_Havana "Paseo del Prado, Havana") | 4 May 2016 | [Cruise collection](https://wiki2.org/en/Cruise_collection "Cruise collection") | Old Havana | November 2016 | | | Fall–Winter 2016–2017 | [Paris](https://wiki2.org/en/Paris "Paris") | [Grand Palais](https://wiki2.org/en/Grand_Palais "Grand Palais") | 5 July 2016 | [Haute couture](https://wiki2.org/en/Haute_couture "Haute couture") | Atelier | On order | | | Spring–Summer 2017 | 4 October 2016 | [Ready-to-wear](https://wiki2.org/en/Ready-to-wear "Ready-to-wear") | Mainframe | March 2017 | | | | | Spring–Summer 2017 | 24 January 2017 | [Haute couture](https://wiki2.org/en/Haute_couture "Haute couture") | Mirrors | On order | | | | | Fall–Winter 2017–2018 | 7 March 2017 | [Ready-to-wear](https://wiki2.org/en/Ready-to-wear "Ready-to-wear") | Space Exploration | September 2017 | | | | | MĂ©tiers d'art Paris–Hamburg 2017–2018 | [Hamburg](https://wiki2.org/en/Hamburg "Hamburg") | [Elbphilharmonie](https://wiki2.org/en/Elbphilharmonie "Elbphilharmonie") | 6 December 2017 | [Ready-to-wear](https://wiki2.org/en/Ready-to-wear "Ready-to-wear") | Sailors Uniforms[\[127\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-127)[\[128\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-128) | May 2018 | | | Spring–Summer 2018 | [Paris](https://wiki2.org/en/Paris "Paris") | [Grand Palais](https://wiki2.org/en/Grand_Palais "Grand Palais") | 23 January 2018 | [Haute couture](https://wiki2.org/en/Haute_couture "Haute couture") | French Garden[\[129\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-129) | On order | | | Cruise 2018 | [Paris](https://wiki2.org/en/Paris "Paris") | 3 May 2018 | [Cruise collection](https://wiki2.org/en/Cruise_collection "Cruise collection") | Cruise[\[130\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-130) | On order | | | | Fall–Winter 2018–2019 | [Paris](https://wiki2.org/en/Paris "Paris") | 3 July 2018 | [Haute couture](https://wiki2.org/en/Haute_couture "Haute couture") | Atelier | On order | | | | Spring–Summer 2019 | 3 October 2018 | [Ready-to-wear](https://wiki2.org/en/Ready-to-wear "Ready-to-wear") | Chanel by the Sea | On order | | | | | MĂ©tiers d'art Paris–New York 2018–2019 | [New York](https://wiki2.org/en/Bangkok "Bangkok") | [Metropolitan Museum of Art](https://wiki2.org/en/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art "Metropolitan Museum of Art") | 6 December 2019 | [Ready-to-wear](https://wiki2.org/en/Ready-to-wear "Ready-to-wear") | Ancient Egypt[\[131\]](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_note-131) | June 2019 | | | Spring–Summer 2019 | [Paris](https://wiki2.org/en/Paris "Paris") | [Grand Palais](https://wiki2.org/en/Grand_Palais "Grand Palais") | 23 January 2019 | [Haute couture](https://wiki2.org/en/Haute_couture "Haute couture") | Mirrors | On order | | | Fall–Winter 2019–2020 | 6 March 2019 | [Ready-to-wear](https://wiki2.org/en/Ready-to-wear "Ready-to-wear") | Chanel in the Snow / Alpine Village | September 2019 | | | | | Virginie Viard | Cruise 2019–2020 | [Paris](https://wiki2.org/en/Paris "Paris") | 3 May 2019 | [Cruise collection](https://wiki2.org/en/Cruise_collection "Cruise collection") | Train Station | November 2019 | | | Fall–Winter 2019–2020 | 2 July 2019 | [Haute couture](https://wiki2.org/en/Haute_couture "Haute couture") | Coco's Library | On order | | | | ## See also - [Belle Époque](https://wiki2.org/en/Belle_%C3%89poque "Belle Époque") - [Chanel ready-to-wear collection](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel_ready-to-wear_collection "Chanel ready-to-wear collection") - [Pink Chanel suit of Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy](https://wiki2.org/en/Pink_Chanel_suit_of_Jacqueline_Bouvier_Kennedy "Pink Chanel suit of Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy") ## References 1. **[^](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-1)** ["Chanel lifts the veil on its profits for the first time"](https://www.bbc.com/news/business-44559671). *[BBC News](https://wiki2.org/en/BBC_News "BBC News")*. 21 June 2018. Retrieved 21 February 2022. 2. ^ [***a***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-lemonde_2-0) [***b***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-lemonde_2-1) [***c***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-lemonde_2-2) [***d***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-lemonde_2-3) Garnier, Juliette (25 May 2022). ["Despite Chanel's record sales in 2021, the luxury sector is plunging back into uncertainty"](https://archive.today/20220708063714/https://www.lemonde.fr/en/economy/article/2022/05/25/despite-chanel-s-record-sales-in-2021-the-luxury-sector-is-plunging-back-into-uncertainty_5984673_19.html). *[Le Monde](https://wiki2.org/en/Le_Monde "Le Monde")*. Archived from [the original](https://www.lemonde.fr/en/economy/article/2022/05/25/despite-chanel-s-record-sales-in-2021-the-luxury-sector-is-plunging-back-into-uncertainty_5984673_19.html) on 8 July 2022. 3. **[^](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-3)** Mira, Nicola (24 October 2019). ["Luxottica renews eyewear licence contract with Chanel"](https://ww.fashionnetwork.com/news/Luxottica-renews-eyewear-licence-contract-with-chanel,1150868.html). *Fashion Network*. Retrieved 3 September 2022. 4. ^ [***a***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-directory_4-0) [***b***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-directory_4-1) [***c***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-directory_4-2) [***d***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-directory_4-3) [***e***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-directory_4-4) [***f***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-directory_4-5) [***g***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-directory_4-6) [***h***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-directory_4-7) [***i***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-directory_4-8) [***j***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-directory_4-9) [***k***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-directory_4-10) [***l***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-directory_4-11) [***m***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-directory_4-12) [***n***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-directory_4-13) [***o***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-directory_4-14) [***p***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-directory_4-15) [***q***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-directory_4-16) [***r***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-directory_4-17) [***s***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-directory_4-18) [***t***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-directory_4-19) [***u***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-directory_4-20) ["Chanel"](http://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/designers/gabrielle-chanel/). Fashion Model Directory. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20101027111919/http://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/designers/gabrielle-chanel/) from the original on 27 October 2010. Retrieved 19 June 2008. 5. **[^](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-5)** ["Gabrielle "Coco" Chanel (1883–1971) and the House of Chanel"](http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/chnl/hd_chnl.htm). *Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History, The Metropolitan Museum of Art*. New York. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20161101043217/http://www.metmuseum.org/TOAH/hd/chnl/hd_chnl.htm) from the original on 1 November 2016. 6. ^ [***a***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-ContemporaryFashion_6-0) [***b***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-ContemporaryFashion_6-1) [***c***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-ContemporaryFashion_6-2) [***d***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-ContemporaryFashion_6-3) [***e***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-ContemporaryFashion_6-4) [***f***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-ContemporaryFashion_6-5) Martin, Richard (1995). *Contemporary fashion*. London: St. James Press. p. 750. [ISBN](https://wiki2.org/en/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)") [1-55862-173-3](https://wiki2.org/en/Special:BookSources/1-55862-173-3 "Special:BookSources/1-55862-173-3") . 7. **[^](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-7)** ["1910s"](https://www.chanel.com/us/about-chanel/the-history/1910/). *CHANEL*. Retrieved 21 April 2022. 8. **[^](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-8)** *Costume", p. 52, [Eyewitness Books](https://wiki2.org/en/Eyewitness_Books "Eyewitness Books").* 9. ^ [***a***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-funding_9-0) [***b***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-funding_9-1) [***c***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-funding_9-2) [***d***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-funding_9-3) [***e***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-funding_9-4) [***f***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-funding_9-5) [***g***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-funding_9-6) [***h***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-funding_9-7) [***i***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-funding_9-8) [***j***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-funding_9-9) [***k***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-funding_9-10) [***l***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-funding_9-11) [***m***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-funding_9-12) [***n***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-funding_9-13) [***o***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-funding_9-14) [***p***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-funding_9-15) [***q***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-funding_9-16) [***r***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-funding_9-17) [***s***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-funding_9-18) [***t***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-funding_9-19) [***u***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-funding_9-20) [***v***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-funding_9-21) [***w***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-funding_9-22) [***x***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-funding_9-23) [***y***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-funding_9-24) [***z***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-funding_9-25) [***aa***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-funding_9-26) ["Chanel S.A"](http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Chanel-SA-Company-History.html). Funding Universe. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20080611075227/http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Chanel-SA-Company-History.html) from the original on 11 June 2008. Retrieved 19 June 2008. 10. **[^](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-10)** ["BUSINESS ABROAD: King of Perfume"](https://web.archive.org/web/20100710144413/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,858285-2,00.html). *Time*. 14 September 1953. Archived from [the original](http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,858285-2,00.html) on 10 July 2010. Retrieved 28 April 2010. 11. **[^](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-11)** Mazzeo, Tilar J. *The Secret of Chanel No. 5* HarperCollins 2010, p. 150. 12. **[^](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-The_New_Yorker-McAuley_12-0)** McAuley, James (1 September 2011). ["The Exchange: Coco Chanel and the Nazi Party"](https://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/books/2011/09/the-exchange-coco-chanel.html). *The New Yorker*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20111026072343/http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/books/2011/09/the-exchange-coco-chanel.html) from the original on 26 October 2011. Retrieved 4 September 2011. 13. **[^](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-13)** Vaughan, Hal. *Sleeping with the Enemy: Coco Chanel's Secret War* Alfred A. Knopf. 2011 pp. 186–87 14. **[^](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-14)** Mazzeo, Tilar J. *The Secret of Chanel No. 5*, pp. 176–77. 15. **[^](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-15)** ["ćŻćŻéŠ™ć„ˆć„żïŒŒäž€äžȘ戏çČŸć„łć­©çš„ć„‹æ–—ćČ"](http://www.sohu.com/a/227899381_100134708). *sohu.com*. Retrieved 6 August 2020. 16. **[^](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-16)** ["All six Korean ambassadors for 'Chanel' display their iconic visuals for the November issue of 'Elle'"](https://www.allkpop.com/article/2022/10/all-six-korean-ambassadors-for-chanel-display-their-iconic-visuals-for-the-november-issue-of-elle). *allkpop*. 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[ISSN](https://wiki2.org/en/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [0099-9660](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20151209081248/http://www.wsj.com/articles/chanel-pays-record-price-for-retail-space-1449610274) from the original on 9 December 2015. Retrieved 9 December 2015. 88. **[^](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-88)** London, Luxury (6 October 2020). ["Chanel buys its Bond Street boutique for ÂŁ310 million \| Hers \| Style"](http://luxurylondon.co.uk/style/hers/chanel-buys-bond-street-boutique-london). *Luxury London*. Retrieved 8 October 2020. 89. **[^](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-89)** Clarence-Smith, Louisa. ["Chanel snaps up Bond Street jewel"](https://www.thetimes.com/article/chanel-buys-bond-street-store-after-getting-coronavirus-loan-r3s88wxr6). *[The Times](https://wiki2.org/en/The_Times "The Times")*. 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["OPINION AND ORDER re: 29 MOTION to Dismiss First Amended Complaint. filed by The RealReal, Inc"](https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/new-york/nysdce/1:2018cv10626/504750/39/). *law.justia.com*. United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. Retrieved 11 March 2021. 93. **[^](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-93)** Ell, Kellie (21 November 2018). ["Chanel and The RealReal Battle It Out Over What's Real and What's Fake"](https://wwd.com/business-news/legal/chanel-is-suing-the-realreal-1202911368/). *WWD.com*. WWD. Retrieved 11 March 2021. 94. **[^](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-94)** Legal at Chanel. ["Anti-Counterfeit - Spotting Fake vs Authentic CHANEL"](https://www.chanel.com/us/anti-counterfeit/). *CHANEL.com*. CHANEL. Retrieved 11 March 2021. 95. **[^](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-95)** ["Fake fashion: how to spot counterfeit Chanel and HermĂšs bags"](https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/fashion-beauty/article/2171188/how-spot-fake-chanel-and-hermes-bags-expert-gives-her-top). *South China Morning Post*. 3 November 2018. Retrieved 11 April 2021. 96. **[^](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-96)** ["Fashion Police: Thai expert on how to spot fake designer bags \| Coconuts Bangkok"](https://coconuts.co/bangkok/features/fashion-police-thai-expert-on-how-to-spot-fake-designer-bags/). *Coconuts*. 18 August 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2021. 97. **[^](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-97)** ["How to Authenticate a Chanel Handbag"](https://www.codogirl.com/blogs/news/chanel-authentication-guide). *codogirl.com*. 20 February 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2021. 98. **[^](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-98)** Palmer, Caroline (4 December 2013). ["Visual History: 50 Years of the Chanel Bag on the Street"](https://www.vogue.com/article/visual-history-50-years-of-the-chanel-bag-on-the-street). *Vogue*. Retrieved 11 April 2025. 99. **[^](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-99)** Murphy, Anna (2 April 2024). ["The power of a Chanel bag"](https://www.thetimes.com/life-style/luxury/article/the-power-of-a-chanel-bag-times-luxury-gbbjnrcn3). *www.thetimes.com*. Retrieved 11 April 2025. 100. **[^](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-100)** ["Chanel Bag Values Research Study \| Baghunter"](https://baghunter.com/pages/chanel-bag-values-research-study). *baghunter.com*. Retrieved 11 April 2025. 101. **[^](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-101)** Wong, Crystal (23 January 2025). ["The Luxury Price Boom: Why You Should Invest in Chanel Handbags Today"](https://www.sothebys.com/en/articles/the-luxury-price-boom-why-you-should-invest-in-chanel-handbags-today). *Sothebys.com*. Retrieved 11 April 2025. 102. **[^](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-102)** ["Fashionista"](https://fashionista.com/). *Fashionista*. 10 April 2025. Retrieved 11 April 2025. 103. **[^](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-103)** Burr, Chandler (2008). [*The Perfect Scent: A Year Inside the Perfume Industry in Paris and New York*](https://archive.org/details/perfectscentyear00burr). Henry Holt and Co. [ISBN](https://wiki2.org/en/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-0-8050-8037-7](https://wiki2.org/en/Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-8037-7 "Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-8037-7") . 104. **[^](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-NYTParis_104-0)** Elaine, Sciolino (7 June 2013). ["Letter from Paris: The House that Coco Built"](https://tmagazine.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/06/07/letter-from-paris-the-house-that-coco-built/?_r=0). *The New York Times*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20141025122229/http://tmagazine.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/06/07/letter-from-paris-the-house-that-coco-built/?_r=0) from the original on 25 October 2014. 105. **[^](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-105)** ["Chanel Make-Up \| Selfridges"](https://www.selfridges.com/GB/en/cat/chanel/beauty/make-up/). *[Selfridges](https://wiki2.org/en/Selfridges "Selfridges")*. Retrieved 28 March 2022. 106. **[^](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-106)** ["Chanel launches N°1, a new beauty range that embraces naturality and sustainability"](https://www.premiumbeautynews.com/en/chanel-launches-no1-a-new-beauty,19665). *Premium Beauty News*. Retrieved 13 January 2022. 107. **[^](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-107)** ["High Jewellery - All the pieces from CHANEL High Jewellery"](https://web.archive.org/web/20130110102540/http://www.chanel.com/en_GB/Jewellery/high_jewellery). Archived from [the original](http://www.chanel.com/en_GB/Jewellery/high_jewellery) on 10 January 2013. Retrieved 24 December 2012. 108. **[^](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-108)** Skarda, Erin (9 October 2012). ["Chanel 80 Years Later: Coco's First High Jewelry Collection Reimagined"](https://style.time.com/2012/10/09/chanel-80-years-later-cocos-first-high-jewelry-collection-reimagined/). *Time*. [ISSN](https://wiki2.org/en/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [0040-781X](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0040-781X). Retrieved 21 October 2024. 109. **[^](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-109)** Filip, Dorian (29 December 2018). ["Chanel: 7 Peculiar Facts You Didn't Know"](https://dsfantiquejewelry.com/blogs/time-blog/chanel-7-peculiar-facts-you-didnt-know). *DSF Antique Jewelry*. Retrieved 21 October 2024. 110. **[^](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-110)** Carl, Renee (7 June 2024). ["Star attraction: The story behind Chanel's '1932' high jewellery collection"](https://harpersbazaar.com.au/chanel-1932-high-jewellery-collection/). *Harper's Bazaar Australia*. Photographed by Bamford, Lauren; styled by Clarke, Karla. Retrieved 21 October 2024. 111. **[^](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-111)** ["Fine Jewellery & High Jewellery – CHANEL"](http://www.chanel.com/en_GB/Jewellery/). *chanel.com*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20130110095840/http://www.chanel.com/en_GB/Jewellery/) from the original on 10 January 2013. 112. ^ [***a***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-watchave_112-0) [***b***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-watchave_112-1) [***c***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-watchave_112-2) [***d***](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-watchave_112-3) Roulet, Christophe. [The Chanel J12, from here to eternity](http://www.thewatchavenue.com/qh/index.php?Code=ENT&ID=706) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20130810015626/http://www.thewatchavenue.com/qh/index.php?Code=ENT&ID=706) 10 August 2013 at the [Wayback Machine](https://wiki2.org/en/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine"), The Watch Avenue, 22 June 2009. Retrieved 9 April 2012 113. **[^](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-maillard_113-0)** Maillard, Pierre. [Chanel, watchmaking legitimacy](http://www.europastar.com/magazine/cover-stories/1003924978-chanel-44-watchmaking-legitimacy.html) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20111017204024/http://www.europastar.com/magazine/cover-stories/1003924978-chanel-44-watchmaking-legitimacy.html) 17 October 2011 at the [Wayback Machine](https://wiki2.org/en/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine"), Europa Star, 5 January 2009. Retrieved 9 April 2011 114. **[^](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-114)** ["Exclusive World of Chanel Watches Watches Channel"](http://watches.infoniac.com/index.php?page=articles&catid=5). *watches.infoniac.com*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20080211232830/http://watches.infoniac.com/index.php?page=articles&catid=5) from the original on 11 February 2008. 115. **[^](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-115)** Arteche, Katherine (22 August 2024). ["Chanel Acquires 25% Stake in MB\&F"](https://revolutionwatch.com/chanel-mbandf-stake/?utm_campaign=557364_23%20Aug%20NL&utm_medium=email&utm_source=Revolution%20Media%20Pte.%20Ltd.&dm_i=7L2H,BY2C,5K9CSO,1NJVM,1). *Revolution Watch*. Retrieved 28 August 2024. 116. **[^](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-116)** ["Chanel Acquires Orlebar Brown"](https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/news-analysis/chanel-acquires-orlebar-brown/). *Business of Fashion*. 28 September 2018. Retrieved 13 August 2024. 117. **[^](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-117)** ["The Gilded Chain of Chanel"](https://www.asg.org/the-gilded-chain-of-chanel/). *www.asg.org*. American Sewing Guild. 1 April 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2025. 118. **[^](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-118)** Sterlacci, Francesca; Arbuckle, Joanne (2017). [*Historical Dictionary of the Fashion Industry*](https://books.google.com/books?id=jycnDwAAQBAJ) (2 ed.). [Rowman & Littlefield](https://wiki2.org/en/Rowman_%26_Littlefield "Rowman & Littlefield"). p. 107. [ISBN](https://wiki2.org/en/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-1442239098](https://wiki2.org/en/Special:BookSources/978-1442239098 "Special:BookSources/978-1442239098") . 119. **[^](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-119)** [Spring–Summer 2011 Haute Couture Video"](http://www.chanel.com/fashion/8#8-spring-summer-2011-haute-couture-chanel-fashion-show-22,0) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20110612182958/http://www.chanel.com/fashion/8#8-spring-summer-2011-haute-couture-chanel-fashion-show-22,0) 12 June 2011 at the [Wayback Machine](https://wiki2.org/en/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine"), *CHANEL* 120. **[^](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-120)** [CHANEL Couture SS2011"](http://www.hautecouturenews.com/2011/collections/chanel-ss2011/) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20110714075106/http://www.hautecouturenews.com/2011/collections/chanel-ss2011/) 14 July 2011 at the [Wayback Machine](https://wiki2.org/en/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine"), *Haute Couture News* 121. **[^](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-121)** [Fall–Winter 2011 Haute Couture Video"](http://www.chanel.com/fashion/8-fall-winter-2011-12-haute-couture--chanel-fashion-show-25,0#8-fall-winter-2011-12-haute-couture--chanel-fashion-show-25,0) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20110809073205/http://www.chanel.com/fashion/8-fall-winter-2011-12-haute-couture--chanel-fashion-show-25%2C0) 9 August 2011 at the [Wayback Machine](https://wiki2.org/en/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine"), *CHANEL* 122. **[^](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-122)** [CHANEL Couture FW2011"](http://www.hautecouturenews.com/2011/collections/chanel-fw2011/) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20110715175936/http://www.hautecouturenews.com/2011/collections/chanel-fw2011/) 15 July 2011 at the [Wayback Machine](https://wiki2.org/en/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine"), *Haute Couture News* 123. **[^](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-123)** ["PrĂȘt-Ă -Porter Primavera-Verano 2012 CHANEL - Video"](https://web.archive.org/web/20111201193030/http://www.chanel.com/fashion/6-pret-a-porter-primavera-verano-2012-desfile-moda-chanel-26%2C0#6-metiers-d-art-paris-bombay-2011-12--desfile-moda-chanel-27,0). Archived from [the original](http://www.chanel.com/fashion/6-pret-a-porter-primavera-verano-2012-desfile-moda-chanel-26,0#6-metiers-d-art-paris-bombay-2011-12--desfile-moda-chanel-27,0) on 1 December 2011. Retrieved 21 December 2011. , *CHANEL* 124. **[^](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-124)** ["CHANEL Official site – FASHION ACCESSORIES, EYEWEAR, READY-TO-WEAR AND HAUTE COUTURE COLLECTIONS"](https://web.archive.org/web/20120206135203/http://www.chanel.com/fashion/8#8-spring-summer-2012-haute-couture--chanel-fashion-show-28,0). Archived from [the original](http://www.chanel.com/fashion/8#8-spring-summer-2012-haute-couture--chanel-fashion-show-28,0) on 6 February 2012. Retrieved 7 February 2012. , *CHANEL* 125. **[^](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-125)** ["Sci-Fi Chanel"](https://web.archive.org/web/20130904171153/http://fashionide.com/sci-fi-chanel-couture-fall-winter-2013/). *The Fashionide*. 24 July 2013. Archived from [the original](http://fashionide.com/sci-fi-chanel-couture-fall-winter-2013/) on 4 September 2013. Retrieved 22 August 2014. 126. **[^](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-126)** ["Boyish Attitude"](https://web.archive.org/web/20140318001626/http://fashionide.com/chanel-spring-summer-2014-haute-couture/). *The Fashionide*. 11 March 2014. Archived from [the original](http://fashionide.com/chanel-spring-summer-2014-haute-couture/) on 18 March 2014. Retrieved 22 August 2014. 127. **[^](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-127)** ["Chanel Pre-Fall 2018 Fashion Show"](https://www.vogue.com/fashion-shows/pre-fall-2018/chanel). *Vogue*. 6 December 2017. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20180218122014/https://www.vogue.com/fashion-shows/pre-fall-2018/chanel) from the original on 18 February 2018. 128. **[^](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-128)** CHANEL (28 December 2017). ["The Paris-Hamburg 2017/18 MĂ©tiers d'art show – CHANEL"](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v4B4WnkwOz4). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20180126031007/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v4B4WnkwOz4) from the original on 26 January 2018 – via YouTube. 129. **[^](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-129)** ["Chanel Spring 2018 Couture Fashion Show"](https://www.vogue.com/fashion-shows/spring-2018-couture/chanel). *Vogue*. 23 January 2018. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20180224173457/https://www.vogue.com/fashion-shows/spring-2018-couture/chanel) from the original on 24 February 2018. 130. **[^](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-130)** ["Chanel Resort 2019 Fashion Show"](https://www.vogue.com/fashion-shows/resort-2019/chanel). *Vogue*. 3 May 2018. Retrieved 19 February 2019. 131. **[^](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel#cite_ref-131)** Chernikoff, Leah (5 December 2018). ["Chanel Draws Inspiration from Ancient Egypt for Its Metiers d'Art Show"](https://www.elle.com/fashion/a25409400/chanel-metier-darts-2019-show-met-museum/). *ELLE*. Retrieved 12 July 2019. ## External links [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png)](https://wiki2.org/en/File:Commons-logo_svg) Wikimedia Commons has media related to [Chanel](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Chanel "commons:Category:Chanel"). - [Official website](https://www.chanel.com/) [![Edit this at Wikidata](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png)](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218115#P856 "Edit this at Wikidata") | [v](https://wiki2.org/en/Template:Chanel "Template:Chanel") [t](https://wiki2.org/en/Template_talk:Chanel "Template talk:Chanel") [e](https://wiki2.org/en/Special:EditPage/Template:Chanel "Special:EditPage/Template:Chanel")[Chanel]() | | | |---|---|---| | Owners | [Alain Wertheimer](https://wiki2.org/en/Alain_Wertheimer "Alain Wertheimer") [GĂ©rard Wertheimer](https://wiki2.org/en/G%C3%A9rard_Wertheimer "GĂ©rard Wertheimer") [Jacques Wertheimer](https://wiki2.org/en/Jacques_Wertheimer "Jacques Wertheimer") [Pierre Wertheimer](https://wiki2.org/en/Pierre_Wertheimer "Pierre Wertheimer") | [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Chanel_logo.svg/250px-Chanel_logo.svg.png)](https://wiki2.org/en/File:Chanel_logo_svg) [![](https://wiki2.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/CHANEL_No5_parfum.jpg/250px-CHANEL_No5_parfum.jpg)](https://wiki2.org/en/File:CHANEL_No5_parfum_jpg) | | Designers | [Coco Chanel](https://wiki2.org/en/Coco_Chanel "Coco Chanel") [Karl Lagerfeld](https://wiki2.org/en/Karl_Lagerfeld "Karl Lagerfeld") [Virginie Viard](https://wiki2.org/en/Virginie_Viard "Virginie Viard") | | | Perfumers | [Ernest Beaux](https://wiki2.org/en/Ernest_Beaux "Ernest Beaux") [Jacques Polge](https://wiki2.org/en/Jacques_Polge "Jacques Polge") [Olivier Polge](https://wiki2.org/en/Olivier_Polge "Olivier Polge") [Henri Robert](https://wiki2.org/en/Henri_Robert "Henri Robert") | | | Perfumes | [Bleu de Chanel](https://wiki2.org/en/Bleu_de_Chanel "Bleu de Chanel") [Bois des Îles](https://wiki2.org/en/Bois_des_%C3%8Eles "Bois des Îles") [Chanel No. 5](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel_No._5 "Chanel No. 5") [Chanel No. 19](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel_No._19 "Chanel No. 19") [Chanel No. 22](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel_No._22 "Chanel No. 22") [Chanel Chance](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel_Chance "Chanel Chance") [Coco](https://wiki2.org/en/Coco_\(perfume\) "Coco (perfume)") [Coco Mademoiselle](https://wiki2.org/en/Coco_Mademoiselle "Coco Mademoiselle") [Cuir de Russie](https://wiki2.org/en/Cuir_de_Russie "Cuir de Russie") [ÉgoĂŻste](https://wiki2.org/en/%C3%89go%C3%AFste "ÉgoĂŻste") | | | Garments | [Little black dress](https://wiki2.org/en/Little_black_dress "Little black dress") [Jacqueline Kennedy's pink Chanel suit](https://wiki2.org/en/Pink_Chanel_suit_of_Jacqueline_Bouvier_Kennedy "Pink Chanel suit of Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy") | | | Other products | [Chanel 2.55 handbag](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel_2.55 "Chanel 2.55") [Chanel J12 watch](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel_J12 "Chanel J12") | | | Films | *[Chanel Solitaire](https://wiki2.org/en/Chanel_Solitaire "Chanel Solitaire")* *[Coco Before Chanel](https://wiki2.org/en/Coco_Before_Chanel "Coco Before Chanel")* *[Coco Chanel](https://wiki2.org/en/Coco_Chanel_\(film\) "Coco Chanel (film)")* *[Coco Chanel & Igor Stravinsky](https://wiki2.org/en/Coco_Chanel_%26_Igor_Stravinsky "Coco Chanel & Igor Stravinsky")* *[No. 5 the Film](https://wiki2.org/en/No._5_the_Film "No. 5 the Film")* | | | Musical | *[Coco](https://wiki2.org/en/Coco_\(musical\) "Coco (musical)")* | | | Book | *[The Allure of Chanel](https://wiki2.org/en/The_Allure_of_Chanel "The Allure of Chanel")* | | | Related | [Mousse Partners](https://wiki2.org/en/Mousse_Partners "Mousse Partners") | | | [v](https://wiki2.org/en/Template:Grands_couturiers "Template:Grands couturiers") [t](https://wiki2.org/en/Template_talk:Grands_couturiers "Template talk:Grands couturiers") [e](https://wiki2.org/en/Special:EditPage/Template:Grands_couturiers "Special:EditPage/Template:Grands couturiers")Members of the [FĂ©dĂ©ration de la Haute Couture et de la Mode](https://wiki2.org/en/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_de_la_Haute_Couture_et_de_la_Mode "FĂ©dĂ©ration de la Haute Couture et de la Mode") | | |---|---| | Members | [Adeline AndrĂ©](https://wiki2.org/en/Adeline_Andr%C3%A9 "Adeline AndrĂ©") [Chanel]() [Dior](https://wiki2.org/en/Dior "Dior") [Julien FourniĂ©](https://wiki2.org/en/Julien_Fourni%C3%A9 "Julien FourniĂ©") Maurizio Galante [Jean Paul Gaultier](https://wiki2.org/en/Jean_Paul_Gaultier "Jean Paul Gaultier") [Givenchy](https://wiki2.org/en/Givenchy "Givenchy") [Bouchra Jarrar](https://wiki2.org/en/Bouchra_Jarrar "Bouchra Jarrar") [Alexis Mabille](https://wiki2.org/en/Alexis_Mabille "Alexis Mabille") [Maison Margiela](https://wiki2.org/en/Maison_Margiela "Maison Margiela") [StĂ©phane Rolland](https://wiki2.org/en/St%C3%A9phane_Rolland "StĂ©phane Rolland") [Schiaparelli](https://wiki2.org/en/Maison_Schiaparelli "Maison Schiaparelli") [Franck Sorbier](https://wiki2.org/en/Franck_Sorbier "Franck Sorbier") [Giambattista Valli](https://wiki2.org/en/Giambattista_Valli "Giambattista Valli") [Alexandre Vauthier](https://wiki2.org/en/Alexandre_Vauthier "Alexandre Vauthier") | | See also | [List of grand couturiers](https://wiki2.org/en/List_of_grand_couturiers "List of grand couturiers") | | [Authority control databases](https://wiki2.org/en/Help:Authority_control "Help:Authority control") [![Edit this at Wikidata](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png)](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218115#identifiers "Edit this at Wikidata") | | |---|---| | International | [ISNI](https://isni.org/isni/0000000417911708) [VIAF](https://viaf.org/viaf/167419773) | | National | [Germany](https://d-nb.info/gnd/1235556-2) [United States](https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nb2004302060) [Czech Republic](https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=osa20211133398&CON_LNG=ENG) [Israel](https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007399199705171) | | Artists | [ULAN](https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500329589) [Museum of Modern Art](https://www.moma.org/artists/46425) | | Other | [Yale LUX](https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/group/21348062-e933-475c-9da7-145350734610) | ![](https://wiki2.org/s/i/modif.png) This page was last edited on 10 July 2025, at 20:11 Basis of this page is in [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanel_S.A.). 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