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Health – information on visceral leishmaniasis added
Last updated:
March 24, 2026 10:25
ET
On this page
Risk level
Safety and security
Entry and exit requirements
Health
Laws and culture
Natural disasters and climate
Need help?
Risk level
Disclaimer
The features in this map do not constitute an authoritative source of geographical information. This map is solely intended to assist Canadians by illustrating the risk levels contained in the Travel Advice and Advisories for this destination. The features in this map do not necessarily represent the views of the Canadian government on international boundaries, nomenclature or political status. The text under the Risk levels section takes precedence over this map.
Disclaimer
The features in this map do not constitute an authoritative source of geographical information. This map is solely intended to assist Canadians by illustrating the risk levels contained in the Travel Advice and Advisories for this destination. The features in this map do not necessarily represent the views of the Canadian government on international boundaries, nomenclature or political status. The text under the Risk levels section takes precedence over this map.
Italy - Exercise a high degree of caution
Exercise a high degree of caution
in Italy due to the threat of terrorism.
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Safety and security
Crime
Petty crime
Petty crime, such as pickpocketing and bag snatching, occurs frequently. Thieves often target tourists.
Criminals may try to distract you and take your attention away from your valuables or belongings. Be cautious of distraction tactics, including people who:
spill drinks on you or your belongings
engage you in lengthy conversations
persistently offer to assist you
attempt to distance you from your personal belongings
Burglaries and home break-ins occur, including from holiday homes and rentals.
Theft is particularly common in crowded public areas such as:
popular tourist areas and historical sites
buses, trains, bus and train stations, and airports
hotel lobbies
restaurants, including outdoor seating areas
beaches
During your trip:
keep your personal belongings, including your passport and other travel documents, in a secure place
do not show signs of affluence or wear expensive jewellery
do not carry large sums of cash or valuables unnecessarily
be aware of your surroundings, especially in busy tourist areas
be wary of unsolicited offers or advice from strangers
keep doors and windows locked when you are away
Vehicle theft and theft from parked vehicles occur. Thieves often target rental cars. Criminals on scooters or on foot often snatch bags and other valuables from pedestrians and from inside cars stopped at traffic lights.
If you plan on driving during your stay:
keep your windows closed and car doors locked at all times
keep bags and other valuables out of the reach of pedestrians
never leave belongings unattended in a vehicle, even in the trunk
Sexual assault
Sexual assaults have occurred, including against foreign women.
The Italian Government operates 1522, a 24/7 public utility number with multilingual operators to respond to the needs of victims of gender-based violence and stalking.
If you are the victim of a sexual assault, you may report it immediately to the nearest Government of Canada office. You can also report the assault to the police (Polizia di Stato) or seek medical attention by calling 112.
Useful links
1522 – anti-violence and stalking
Advice for women travellers
Terrorism
There is a threat of terrorism in Europe. Terrorists have carried out attacks in several European cities and further attacks elsewhere in Europe are likely. Attacks in Italy cannot be ruled out.
Targets could include:
government buildings, including schools
places of worship
airports and other transportation hubs and networks
public areas such as tourist attractions, restaurants, bars, coffee shops, shopping centres, markets, hotels and other sites frequented by foreigners
Always be aware of your surroundings when in public places. Be particularly vigilant if attending sporting events and during religious holidays and other public celebrations, as terrorists have used such occasions to mount attacks.
The Government of Italy maintains a public alert system on terrorism. Alert level changes are communicated mainly through local media. Enhanced security measures are also deployed in various strategic locations and transport hubs.
Expect increased police and military presence during holidays and in public places, including tourist locations and major landmarks.
Spiked food and drinks
Never leave food or drinks unattended or in the care of strangers. Be wary of accepting snacks, beverages, gum or cigarettes from new acquaintances. These items may contain drugs that could put you at risk of sexual assault and robbery.
Victims of crime
You can report a crime at the nearest police station (Carabinieri or Polizia di Stato).
It's possible to file a preliminary complaint online, in Italian, for certain types of minor crimes, including theft.
You can also report a crime or contact emergency services by calling 112. The "Where are U" app will automatically connect you to the 112 Public Safety Answering Point and transmit your GPS location. While the "Where Are U" service is unavailable in certain parts of Italy, including in Veneto, you can dial 112 for emergencies throughout Italy.
Useful links
Online preliminary complaint
 – Arma dei Carabinieri (in Italian only)
Closest police station
 – Polizia di Stato, Italy's national police (in Italian only)
Where are U
 – Regione Lombardia (in Italian only)
Fraud
Credit card, debit card and ATM fraud
Credit and debit card as well as ATM fraud occurs.
The risk of credit card skimming is high. Businesses may use compromised ATMs or PIN readers to collect your credit card information, especially in popular tourist areas.
When using your debit or credit card:
cover the keypad with one hand when entering your PIN
pay careful attention when others are handling your cards
avoid using card readers with an irregular or unusual feature
use ATMs located in public areas or inside a bank or business
check for any unauthorized transactions on your account statements
Cybercrime
Cybercrime occurs. Criminals may compromise public Wi-Fi networks to steal your personal data or credit information.
Be cautious when posting information or photos on social media
Use secure public Wi-Fi networks
Always meet new acquaintances in a secure and familiar location
Do not discuss travel plans or any other personal information within earshot of strangers
Useful links
Overseas fraud
Cyber security while travelling
Demonstrations and strikes
Demonstrations and strikes occur regularly, particularly in larger cities and often with little notice.
Even peaceful demonstrations can turn violent at any time. They can also lead to significant disruptions to traffic and public transportation.
Avoid areas where demonstrations and large gatherings are taking place
Follow the instructions of local authorities
Monitor local media for information on ongoing demonstrations
Useful links
Information on upcoming
strikes – Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport (in Italian only)
More about mass gatherings (large-scale events)
Adventure travel
Outdoor activities, such as hiking, skiing, mountain biking and other alpine and extreme sports, can be dangerous.
You must wear a helmet if you plan on skiing, snowboarding or practicing any other snow sports on ski hills in Italy.
If you intend to participate in adventure tourism activities:
share your itinerary with a friend or family member if you're alone
stay on marked trails and consider hiring an experienced guide from a reputable company
buy travel insurance that covers incidents related to this type of recreational activity
ensure that your physical condition is good enough to tackle the challenges of your activity
know the symptoms of high-altitude illnesses, dehydration and heatstroke, which can be fatal
ensure that you have proper equipment and bring sufficient water
monitor weather conditions and other possible hazards
Avalanche Forecast
– AINEVA (Interregional Association for coordination and documentation of snow and avalanche problems)
Water activities
Swimming
Always respect warning flags at beaches.
Be cautious on the beach and in the water during fall and winter. Waves can be unpredictable, break closer to the shore than expected and cause strong riptides.
Monitor weather conditions
Avoid beaches and coastal areas if the weather forecast is poor
Pay attention to erosion and rockfall warnings
Do not dive in unfamiliar waters as hidden rocks or shallow water can cause serious injury or death
Boating
Coastal waters can be dangerous. Waters in the Strait of Bonifacio, between Corsica and Sardinia, and the Strait of Messina, between Sicily and mainland Italy, can be difficult to navigate due to strong winds and currents.
If you're planning on going boating or taking a boat tour:
have life jackets available and accessible for all passengers
don't board vessels that appear overloaded or unseaworthy
carry a VHF marine radio or GPS transmitter to share your location in case of emergency
Adventure travel health and safety
Roads
Road safety
Road safety may vary throughout the country. Minor accidents are common.
Road conditions
Roads are generally in good condition in and around major cities. In rural areas, they may be poorly maintained. City streets can be narrow and congested. Signage, traffic lights and road markings may not be visible, especially in southern areas of the country.
In mountainous areas, roads are often winding and narrow. Avalanches or landslides occur and can block access routes to towns and ski resorts.
Driving can also be dangerous due to:
traffic jams and heavy traffic, especially in urban areas
lack of traffic signs
Driving habits
Drivers do not always respect traffic laws, especially motorcycles and scooters, which often drive between vehicles and on sidewalks. Speeding is common.
If you choose to drive during your stay:
always drive defensively
plan your trip in advance, especially if you are visiting a rural area
do not stop on the road to offer help to others
do not hitchhike or pick up hitchhikers
Public transportation
The reliability of public transportation services varies across the country.
Taxis
In Italy, drivers start the meter at the point of departure rather than at pick-up. Ride-sharing and cab-hailing services are available but may operate differently.
Use only officially licensed taxis from a stand or requested by phone or app. Official taxis have a white “TAXI” sign on the roof of the vehicle.
Never share a taxi with strangers
Discuss the fare in advance or make sure the meter is on
Air travel
We don't make assessments on the compliance of foreign domestic airlines with international safety standards.
Information about foreign domestic airlines
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Entry and exit requirements
The authorities of a country or territory decide who can enter or exit through its borders. The Government of Canada cannot intervene on your behalf if you do not meet your destination’s entry or exit requirements.
We have obtained the information on this page from the Italian authorities. It can, however, change at any time.
Verify this information with theÂ
Foreign Representatives in Canada
.
Entry/Exit System (EES)
The Entry/Exit System (EES) began operations on October 12, 2025.
The EES is an automated registration system for travellers from countries outside the European Union or the Schengen area. You will be required to register through this system upon arrival at the border of any of the 29 countries in the Schengen area.
You don’t need to take any action before you travel. The EES collects information about your trip as well as your facial image and fingerprints.
Useful links
Travelling to Europe
Entry/Exit System (EES)
– European Union
Schengen area
Italy is a Schengen area country. Canadian citizens do not need a visa for travel to countries within the Schengen area. However, visa-free travel only applies to stays of up to 90 days in any 180-day period. Stays are cumulative and include visits to any Schengen area country.
Member states may reintroduce temporary controls at internal border crossings within the Schengen area. You may be required to pass through immigration controls when entering Italy, even if arriving from another Schengen area country. Verify if temporary border controls are in effect before you travel to Italy.
If you plan to stay in the Schengen area for a longer period of time, you will need a visa. You must contact the high commission or embassy of the country or countries you are travelling to and obtain the appropriate visa(s) before your departure.
Useful links
Schengen area
Foreign Representatives in Canada
Temporary Reintroduction of Border Control
 – European Commission
Passport
Entry requirements vary depending on the type of passport you're travelling with.
Before you travel, check with your transportation company about passport requirements. Its rules on passport validity may be more stringent than the country's entry rules.
Regular Canadian passport
Your passport must be valid
for at least 3 months beyond the date you expect to leave the Schengen area.
Passport for official travel
Different entry rules may apply.
Official travel
Passport with “X” gender identifier
While the Government of Canada issues passports with an “X” gender identifier, it cannot guarantee your entry or transit through other countries. You might face entry restrictions in countries that do not recognize the “X” gender identifier. Before you leave, verify this information with the closest foreign representative for your destination.
You should also be aware that current systems used by some countries and travel companies may not recognize the “X” gender identifier. You may still be asked to provide your sex/gender information as either male or female when travelling.
Other travel documents
Different entry rules may apply when travelling with a temporary passport or an emergency travel document. Before you leave, verify this information with the closest foreign representative for your destination.
Useful links
Travel and your sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression and sex characteristics
Foreign Representatives in Canada
Canadian passports and other travel documents
Visas
Tourist visa: not required for stays up to 90 days in any 180-day period
Business visa: not required for stays up 90 days
Work visa: required
Student visa: required
Useful links
Information for foreign nationals
 – Polizia di Stato, Italy’s national police
Guide to temporary entry into Italy under CETA
Other entry requirements
Customs officials may ask you to show them a return or onward ticket and proof of sufficient funds to cover your stay.
Declaration of presence
If you plan to spend fewer than 90 days in Italy, you must report your presence in the country. When you arrive in Italy from outside the Schengen area, make sure to have your passport stamped. This counts as a declaration of presence. If you arrive from within the Schengen area, you must file a declaration of presence at a local police office within 8 days of arrival.
Commercial accommodations such as hotels will generally file the declaration on your behalf, but you are responsible for making sure it's done.
Failure to comply with this regulation could result in expulsion.
Entering Italy
 – Polizia di Stato, Italy’s national police
Children and travel
Learn about
travelling with children
.
Yellow fever
Learn about
potential entry requirements related to yellow fever
(vaccines section).
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Health
This section has information and advice about health risks you might face when travelling. Following this advice can help reduce your risk of getting sick. Not all risks are listed here.
It's best to talk to a healthcare provider or visit a travel health clinic preferably 6 weeks before your trip to get personalized health advice. Even if your travel date is coming up soon, it's still worthwhile to make an appointment.
Routine vaccines
Make sure your routine vaccinations are up-to-date before you travel, no matter where you’re going.
These may include vaccines for measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR), diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (whooping cough), polio, varicella (chickenpox), meningococcal disease, seasonal flu, and others.
Provincial and Territorial Immunization Information
Pre-travel vaccines and medications
When travelling in this destination, you might be at risk for diseases that can be prevented with vaccines or medications. Talk to a travel health care provider about which ones are right for you based on your travel plans.
The highlights below will also tell you if your destination may require that vaccine for entering or exiting.
Yellow Fever - Country Entry Requirements
Yellow fever
is a disease caused by a flavivirus from the bite of an infected mosquito.
Travellers get vaccinated either because it is required to enter a country or because it is recommended for their protection.
Risk
There is no risk of yellow fever in this country.
Country Entry Requirement*
Proof of vaccination is not required to enter this country.
Recommendation
Vaccination is not recommended.
* It is important to note that
country entry requirements
may not reflect your risk of yellow fever at your destination. It is recommended that you contact the nearest
diplomatic or consular office
of the destination(s) you will be visiting to verify any additional entry requirements.
About Yellow Fever
Yellow Fever Vaccination Centres in Canada
Tick-borne encephalitis
Tick-borne encephalitis
(TBE) is a risk in some areas of this destination. It is a viral disease that affects the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). It is spread to humans by the bite of infected ticks or occasionally when unpasteurized milk products are consumed.
Travellers to areas where TBE is found may be at higher risk  during April to November, and the risk is highest for people who hike or camp in forested areas.
Protect yourself from tick bites
. The vaccine is not available in Canada. It may be available in the destination you are travelling to.
Measles
Measles is a serious viral infection that spreads easily. It spreads through the air, and can stay in the air for up to 2 hours. You can also get measles by direct contact with an infected person or by touching a surface with the virus on it and then touching your eyes, nose, or mouth before washing your hands.
Getting vaccinated is the best way to protect yourself and others from measles. In Canada, the measles vaccine is part of the routine immunization schedule. If you’re unsure whether you’re protected, talk to a healthcare provider.
Learn more:
Measles
Hepatitis B
Â
Hepatitis B
is a risk in every destination. It is a viral liver disease that is easily transmitted from one person to another through exposure to blood and body fluids containing the hepatitis B virus. Travellers who may be exposed to blood or other bodily fluids (e.g., through sexual contact, medical treatment, sharing needles, tattooing, acupuncture or occupational exposure) are at higher risk of getting hepatitis B.
Hepatitis B vaccination is recommended for all travellers.
Prevent hepatitis B
infection by practicing safe sex, only using new and sterile drug equipment, and only getting tattoos and piercings in settings that follow public health regulations and standards.
COVID-19
COVID-19 is an infectious viral disease. Most of the time, it spreads when people are in close contact with others who are infected with the virus. It spreads through respiratory particles, or through an infected surface or object.
Vaccination is one of the most important ways to protect yourself from developing serious complications from COVID-19. Talk to a healthcare provider about the COVID-19 vaccine before travelling. Evidence shows that the COVID-19 vaccines used in Canada are very effective at preventing severe illness, hospitalization and death from COVID-19.
In addition to vaccination, use personal protective measures to help protect yourself and others.
Learn more :
Vaccine for COVID-19: How to get vaccinated
COVID-19: Spread, prevention and risks
Influenza
 The best way to protect yourself from seasonal
influenza
(flu) is to get vaccinated every year.
Get the flu shot
at least 2 weeks before travelling. Â
 The flu occurs worldwide.Â
 In the Northern Hemisphere, the flu season usually runs from November to  April.
 In the Southern Hemisphere, the flu season usually runs between April and  October.
 In the tropics, there is flu activity year round.Â
The flu vaccine available in one hemisphere may only offer partial protection against the flu in the other hemisphere.
The flu virus spreads from person to person when they cough or sneeze or by touching objects and surfaces that have been contaminated with the virus. Clean your hands often and wear a mask if you have a fever or respiratory symptoms.
Rabies
In this destination,
rabies
 may be present in some wildlife species, including bats. Rabies is a deadly disease that spreads to humans primarily through bites or scratches from an infected animal.Â
If you are bitten or scratched by an animal while travelling, immediately wash the wound with soap and clean water and see a health care professional.Â
Before travel, discuss rabies vaccination with a health care professional. It may be recommended for travellers who will be working directly with wildlife.Â
Safe food and water precautions
Eating or drinking unsafe food or water, or swimming in contaminated water can make you sick while travelling. Take precautions by following these tips:
Boil it, cook it, peel it, or leave it (only eat food that is prepared safely)
Avoid, if possible, getting water in your eyes, mouth, or nose when swimming in freshwater (like streams, lakes, or canals), especially after heavy rain or flooding - the water might look clean but can still be contaminatedÂ
Don’t swallow water when bathing, showering, swimming in pools, or using hot tubsÂ
Eat and drink safely abroad
Tick and insect bite prevention
Many diseases are spread by bites from infected ticks and insects like mosquitoes, fleas, or flies. Before you travel, find out what types of ticks or insects are in the area, when they’re most active, and what diseases they can spread.
To protect yourself from bites:
use an approved bug spray (insect repellent) on exposed skin
wear light-coloured, loose clothing made of tightly woven materials like nylon or polyester
wear socks and closed-toe shoes
sleep under mosquito netting if you’re outdoors or staying in places that aren’t fully enclosed
do a full body tick check on yourself, your children, your gear, and any pets you’re travelling with when you return from outdoor activities
Insect bite and pest prevention
Personal insect repellents
Dengue
In this country, risk of dengue is sporadic. It is a viral disease spread to humans by mosquito bites.
Dengue can cause flu-like symptoms. In some cases, it can lead to severe dengue, which can be fatal.
The level of risk of dengue changes seasonally, and varies from year to year. The level of risk also varies between regions in a country and can depend on the elevation in the region.
Mosquitoes carrying dengue typically bite during the daytime, particularly around sunrise and sunset.
Protect yourself from mosquito bites. There is no vaccine or medication available in Canada to prevent dengue.
Learn more:
Dengue
Insect bite and pest prevention
Chikungunya
There is a risk of chikungunya in this country. The level of risk may vary by:
season
year
region
elevation
The virus that causes chikungunya is spread through the bite of an infected mosquito. It can cause fever and pain in the joints. In some cases, the joint pain can be severe and last for months or years.
Protect yourself from mosquito bites at all times.
Insect bite and pest prevention
A vaccine for the prevention of chikungunya is approved in Canada. Talk to your healthcare provider about how best to prevent chikungunya, including the benefits and risks of vaccination based on factors such as your age, itinerary and personal preferences. Â
Learn more:
Chikungunya
Leishmaniasis - Visceral
Visceral leishmaniasis, also called kala azar, can occur in this destination, though the risk is low for most travellers.
The infection spreads through the bite of an infected sandfly. Symptoms can appear weeks or months after infection and may include fever, weight loss, an enlarged liver or spleen, and anaemia. Without treatment, visceral leishmaniasis can be fatal. If you think you might have visceral leishmaniasis, it’s important to speak to a health care provider as soon as possible.
To lower your risk, protect yourself from sandfly bites. Sandflies are most active between sunset and sunrise in rural, forested and some urban areas.
There is no vaccine or medication to prevent infection with the parasite that causes leishmaniasis.
Learn more:
Leishmaniasis
Animal precautions
Some infections can spread directly from animals to people, like rabies or bird flu (avian influenza). Others don’t spread directly from animals but can infect people who visit areas animals have contaminated with their droppings or body fluids.
Certain activities can increase your chances of coming into contact with animals, their droppings, or their body fluids, like:
travelling in rural or forested areas
camping, hiking, or visiting caves
visiting places where live animals are sold or killed for food, like wet markets
To reduce your risk of getting sick:
avoid contact with animals like stray dogs, livestock (such as pigs and cows), monkeys, snakes, rodents, birds, and bats.
stay away from places where animal waste can build up, such as caves
avoid eating undercooked meat
Make sure to closely watch children; they are more likely to try to touch animals.
Person-to-person infections
When travelling, you can reduce your risk of getting or spreading respiratory infections, like the flu or COVID-19, by:
staying at your accommodation and limiting contact with others if you’re sick
wearing a well-fitting mask, especially:Â
if you’re sick and need to be around othersÂ
when you’re at large indoor events or in crowded settings, like sporting events, concerts, and airports
cleaning your hands regularly with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, or using hand sanitizer containing at least 60% alcohol
covering your coughs and sneezes with a tissue or your elbow, not your hands
Mass gatherings (large-scale events)
Clean your hands to help reduce the spread of infectious diseases
Respiratory infectious diseases: How to reduce the spread with personal protective measures
To lower your risk of getting sexually transmissible infections (STIs), HIV, and mpox, you can:
get vaccinated against mpox if you’re eligible
practise safer sex methods
use barrier protection during sexual activity, like condoms and dental dams.
Mpox vaccines
Sexual health and travel
HIV and AIDS: Travel health advice
Medication
Some prescription medications may not be available in Italy.Â
If you take prescription medications, you’re responsible for determining their legality in Italy.Â
Medications containing controlled substances are subject to stricter guidelines. You should verify with your doctor if this applies to any of your medications. You must declare any such medications when you arrive in Italy, and you may only bring the amount required for up to a 30-day prescription.
Bring enough medication for your stayÂ
Always keep your medication in the original container and carry a copy of your prescriptions
Pack your medication in your carry-on luggageÂ
Travelling internationally with medication
– Italian Ministry of Health
Medical services and facilities
Good health care is available throughout the country. However, hospital services may be limited in rural areas. Not all medical staff will be able to speak English or French, but many doctors will. Medical treatment and emergency room visits are free of charge but only for life-threatening emergencies, as determined by the treating physician. Hospitals expect upfront payment for services when an emergency is not considered life-threatening.
There are private clinics and hospitals that cater to foreign travellers.
Death abroad
If you plan to retire or spend long periods of time in Italy, you should:
share your plans or wishes with relatives
make sure important documents can easily be located
make arrangements in case of your death while in the country
Death outside Canada
Make sure you get travel insurance that includes coverage for medical evacuation and hospital stays.
Health and safety outside Canada
Keep in Mind...
The decision to travel is the sole responsibility of the traveller. The traveller is also responsible for his or her own personal safety.
Be prepared. Do not expect medical services to be the same as in Canada. Pack a
Â
travel health kit
, especially if you will be travelling away from major city centres.
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Laws and culture
You must abide by local laws.
Learn about what you should do and how we can help if you are
arrested or detained abroad
.
Transfer to a Canadian prison
Canada and Italy are signatories to the Convention on the Transfer of Sentenced Persons. This enables a Canadian imprisoned in Italy to request a transfer to a Canadian prison to complete a sentence. The transfer requires the agreement of both Canadian and Italy authorities.
This process can take a long time, and there is no guarantee that the transfer will be approved by either or both sides.
Drugs
Penalties for possession, use or trafficking of illegal drugs are severe. Convicted offenders can expect jail sentences or heavy fines.
Drugs, alcohol and travel
Public behaviour
Certain municipalities, particularly those with a high number of visitors, such as Rome, Florence and Venice, have adopted strict public conduct rules. Some actions that may seem inoffensive are illegal and you could face a fine or arrest if you do not respect the rules.
Public conduct rules may include:
sitting, eating or drinking on a monument or an archaeological landmark
bathing in fountains or canals
walking in an urban setting in swimwear or without a shirt/T-shirt
feeding pigeons
putting locks on bridges or monuments
dropping litter or using single-use plastic
Natural heritage
You should not remove natural objects and plants from their natural setting. You could be fined if you do.
Removing pebbles, shells, or sand from the beaches in Sardinia and other coastal regions is prohibited.
In mountainous areas, it’s illegal to cut certain types of endangered flowers and disturb delicate alpine tundra.
Photography
Photography of military installations and critical infrastructure is regulated.
Request permission from local authorities before taking photographs of such installations.
Drones
Italian and European laws regulate recreational and commercial drone operation.
You must register your drone to use it across the European Union and apply for an authorization with the Italian authorities. Depending on the size of your drone and the intended use, you may also need to take a proof of competency exam.
Certain areas are restricted or off-limits for personal drones. These include:
military sites
within 5 km of airports
mass gatherings, including major sporting events and concerts
protected natural spaces, including natural parks
If you don’t comply, you may be fined and your drone confiscated.
Useful links
Travelling with dronesÂ
- European Union Aviation Safety Agency
Use of drones
 - Italian Civil Aviation Authority (in Italian only)
drone operator’s portal
– D-flight
Identification
Local authorities may request to see your identification, including your passport, at any time.
Always carry valid identification
Keep a photocopy or a digital copy of your identification and passport in case they are lost or stolen
You will need to present your passport when you check-in to a hotel or other commercial accommodation.
Wait at the reception until the hotel staff has taken the required information from your passport and ensure that your passport is returned to you.
Dual citizenship
Dual citizenship is legally recognized in Italy.
If you are a Canadian citizen, but also a citizen of Italy, our ability to offer you consular services may be limited while you're there. You may also be subject to different
entry/exit requirements
.
Dual citizens
International Child Abduction
The Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction is an international treaty. It can help parents with the return of children who have been removed to or retained in certain countries in violation of custody rights. The convention applies between Canada and Italy.
If your child was wrongfully taken to, or is being held in Italy, and if the applicable conditions are met, you may apply for the return of your child to the Italian court.
If you are in this situation:
act as quickly as you can
contact the Central Authority for your province or territory of residence for information on starting an application under The Hague Convention
consult a lawyer in Canada and in Italy to explore all the legal options for the return of your child
report the situation to the nearest Canadian government office abroad or to the Vulnerable Children's Consular Unit at Global Affairs Canada by calling the Emergency Watch and Response Centre
If your child was removed from a country other than Canada, consult a lawyer to determine if The Hague Convention applies.
Be aware that Canadian consular officials cannot interfere in private legal matters or in another country's judicial affairs.
Useful links
List of Canadian Central Authorities for the Hague Convention
International Child Abductions: A guide for affected parents
Children and travel
The Hague Convention
– Hague Conference on Private International Law
Canadian embassies and consulates by destination
Request emergency assistance
Driving
You may drive for up to one year with a valid Canadian driver’s licence, accompanied by an international driving permit or a certified Italian translation of your licence.
You must also have an international car insurance plan.
If you drive a foreign-registered car, you must display a sticker indicating its country of origin on the back of the car. It’s illegal to drive a vehicle registered abroad for more than 60 days. If you plan to stay in Italy for more than 60 days, you must obtain Italian plates.
Mandatory equipment
You must keep certain safety equipment in your car at all times, including a warning triangle and reflective jacket.
You must use snow tires or snow chains in certain regions during certain times of the year. If you plan to drive in the winter, you should verify in advance if your vehicle will require snow tires or chains. Pay attention to road signage during the winter, especially in mountainous regions.
Limited traffic zones and low-emission zones
Historic centres of many Italian cities have restricted traffic zones marked as ZTL. “Zona Traffico Limitato”, or low-emission zones, to reduce air pollution.
You need a special permit to access limited traffic zones. To be granted access to a low-emission zone, your car must meet certain environmental standards.
If you enter these zones without a permit, you could be fined. If you’re driving a rented vehicle, the rental agency may provide your contact details to the local authorities.
Some municipalities use the services of a private company to collect the fines abroad. You could receive traffic tickets by mail several months after returning to Canada.
Pay close attention to street signage
Confirm in advance how to access your hotel by vehicle if it’s located in a ZTL
Regional regulations
Certain islands restrict or prohibit non-resident vehicles during the high tourism season and holiday season. These include:
the Aeolian Islands (Alicudi, Filicudi, Lipari, Panarea, Salina, Stromboli, Vulcano)
the Aegadian Islands (Favignana)
the Campanian Archipelago (Capri, Ischia, Procida)
the Pelagie Islands (Linosa)
the Tuscan Archipelago (Giannutri, Giglio)
Ustica
Other islands could enforce similar regulations. Confirm before travelling.
On route 163 of the Amalfi Coast, between Positano and Vietri sul Mare, it’s prohibited to use campervans or large recreational vehicles.
Useful links
Road rules and safety
– European Commission
International Driving Permit
Public transportation
You must validate your tickets on public transport before you start your journey, or pay on-board where possible to do so. If you don’t validate your ticket, you may receive an on-the-spot fine.
Money
The currency of Italy is the euro (EUR).
Payment in cash is restricted to transactions under €1000.
If you are carrying €10,000 or more, or the equivalent in other currencies or monetary instruments, you must make a declaration to customs when you enter or leave the European Union.
This does not apply if you are travelling within the European Union or in transit to a non-EU country.
EU Cash Controls
– European Commission
Back to top
Natural disasters and climate
Climate change
Climate change is affecting Italy. Extreme and unusual weather events are becoming more frequent and may affect your travel plans. Monitor local media for the latest information.Â
Earthquakes
Italy is located in an active seismic zone. Even minor earthquakes can cause significant damage.
Volcanoes
There are nine active volcanoes in Italy.
If you are travelling near active volcanoes:Â
monitor levels of volcanic activity through the local mediaÂ
pay careful attention to all warnings issuedÂ
follow the advice of local authoritiesÂ
be prepared to modify your travel arrangements or even evacuate the area on short noticeÂ
Some active volcanoes are continually monitored by Italian authorities and are located near densely populated urban areas or popular tourist destinations.
Sicily
Mount Etna is Europe’s most active volcano. Periods of high activity can bring significant ash fall, earthquakes and emission of harmful gases.
Aeolian Islands
The Stromboli and Vulcano islands are active volcanoes. Eruptions, ash fall and lava flow occur regularly.
Campania region
Mount Vesuvius and the Phlegraean Fields in the Naples area are active volcanoes.
Useful links
Information on active volcanoes
 - Italian National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology (in Italian only)
Information on seismic activity in Italy
 - Italian Civil Protection Department
Wildfires
Forest and maquis fires often occur during the summer months, particularly in Sicily, Calabria and Sardinia.
The air quality in areas near active fires may deteriorate due to heavy smoke.
In case of a major fire:
stay away from the affected area, particularly if you suffer from respiratory ailments
follow the instructions of local emergency services personnel, including evacuation orders
monitor local media for up-to-date information on the situation
Fire risk
 - Italian Civil Protection Department
Flooding and landslides
Heavy rains, particularly in the fall and winter, can cause severe flooding and landslides. Roads may become impassable, and infrastructure damaged.
Venice, in Veneto Region, sees tidal flooding known as “acqua alta,” particularly in the fall and spring. The city of Venice maintains a warning system for tidal flooding, and local authorities may install raised or floating platforms to allow pedestrians to cross low-lying areas.
The Italian Civil Protection Department publishes weather alerts on its website.
Exercise caution, particularly around major rivers
Stay informed of the latest regional weather forecasts
Follow the instructions of local authorities, including evacuation orders
Useful links
Latest alertsÂ
- Italian Civil Protection Department
Tidal forecast
 - City of Venice (in Italian only)
Interpreting tidal forecast
 - City of Venice
Avalanches
In mountainous areas, avalanches present a risk and could result in fatalities. They often make roads impassable and cause power disruptions. These conditions can affect access to isolated areas, including tourist resorts, and limit the ability of emergency services to respond.
If you plan on skiing or mountaineering:
stay informed of weather and safety conditions
follow the instructions of local authorities
Avalanche Forecast
– AINEVA (Interregional Association for coordination and documentation of snow and avalanche problems)
Back to top
Need help?
Local services
Emergency services
Dial 112 for emergency assistance.
Consular assistance
Rome
- Embassy of Canada
Milan
- Consulate of Canada
For emergency consular assistance, call the Embassy of Canada in Rome and follow the instructions. At any time, you may also contact the
Emergency Watch and Response Centre
in Ottawa.
Disclaimer
The decision to travel is your choice and you are responsible for your personal safety abroad. We take the safety and security of Canadians abroad very seriously and provide credible and timely information in our Travel Advice to enable you to make well-informed decisions regarding your travel abroad.
The content on this page is provided for information only. While we make every effort to give you correct information, it is provided on an "as is" basis without warranty of any kind, expressed or implied. The Government of Canada does not assume responsibility and will not be liable for any damages in connection to the information provided.
If you need consular assistance while abroad, we will make every effort to help you. However, there may be constraints that will limit the ability of the Government of Canada to provide services.
Learn more about
consular services
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#  Italy travel advice
[Exercise a high degree of caution](https://travel.gc.ca/destinations/italy#risk)
**Latest updates:** Health – information on visceral leishmaniasis added
**Last updated:** March 24, 2026 10:25 ET
### On this page
- [Risk level](https://travel.gc.ca/destinations/italy#risk)
- [Safety and security](https://travel.gc.ca/destinations/italy#security)
- [Entry and exit requirements](https://travel.gc.ca/destinations/italy#entryexit)
- [Health](https://travel.gc.ca/destinations/italy#health)
- [Laws and culture](https://travel.gc.ca/destinations/italy#laws)
- [Natural disasters and climate](https://travel.gc.ca/destinations/italy#disasters)
## Risk level
[](https://travel.gc.ca/destinations/italy#full-screen)
Disclaimer
The features in this map do not constitute an authoritative source of geographical information. This map is solely intended to assist Canadians by illustrating the risk levels contained in the Travel Advice and Advisories for this destination. The features in this map do not necessarily represent the views of the Canadian government on international boundaries, nomenclature or political status. The text under the Risk levels section takes precedence over this map.
[Enlarge map](https://travel.gc.ca/destinations/italy#full-screen)
## Italy travel advice
Disclaimer
The features in this map do not constitute an authoritative source of geographical information. This map is solely intended to assist Canadians by illustrating the risk levels contained in the Travel Advice and Advisories for this destination. The features in this map do not necessarily represent the views of the Canadian government on international boundaries, nomenclature or political status. The text under the Risk levels section takes precedence over this map.
### Italy - Exercise a high degree of caution
[Exercise a high degree of caution](https://travel.gc.ca/destinations/italy#levels "Risk Levels") in Italy due to the threat of terrorism.
[Back to top](https://travel.gc.ca/destinations/italy#wb-cont)
## Safety and security
### Crime
#### Petty crime
Petty crime, such as pickpocketing and bag snatching, occurs frequently. Thieves often target tourists.
Criminals may try to distract you and take your attention away from your valuables or belongings. Be cautious of distraction tactics, including people who:
- spill drinks on you or your belongings
- engage you in lengthy conversations
- persistently offer to assist you
- attempt to distance you from your personal belongings
Burglaries and home break-ins occur, including from holiday homes and rentals.
Theft is particularly common in crowded public areas such as:
- popular tourist areas and historical sites
- buses, trains, bus and train stations, and airports
- hotel lobbies
- restaurants, including outdoor seating areas
- beaches
During your trip:
- keep your personal belongings, including your passport and other travel documents, in a secure place
- do not show signs of affluence or wear expensive jewellery
- do not carry large sums of cash or valuables unnecessarily
- be aware of your surroundings, especially in busy tourist areas
- be wary of unsolicited offers or advice from strangers
- keep doors and windows locked when you are away
Vehicle theft and theft from parked vehicles occur. Thieves often target rental cars. Criminals on scooters or on foot often snatch bags and other valuables from pedestrians and from inside cars stopped at traffic lights.
If you plan on driving during your stay:
- keep your windows closed and car doors locked at all times
- keep bags and other valuables out of the reach of pedestrians
- never leave belongings unattended in a vehicle, even in the trunk
#### Sexual assault
Sexual assaults have occurred, including against foreign women.
The Italian Government operates 1522, a 24/7 public utility number with multilingual operators to respond to the needs of victims of gender-based violence and stalking.
If you are the victim of a sexual assault, you may report it immediately to the nearest Government of Canada office. You can also report the assault to the police (Polizia di Stato) or seek medical attention by calling 112.
#### Useful links
- [1522 – anti-violence and stalking](https://www.1522.eu/?lang=en)
- [Advice for women travellers](https://travel.gc.ca/travelling/health-safety/advice-for-women-travellers "Advice for women travellers")
### Terrorism
There is a threat of terrorism in Europe. Terrorists have carried out attacks in several European cities and further attacks elsewhere in Europe are likely. Attacks in Italy cannot be ruled out.
Targets could include:
- government buildings, including schools
- places of worship
- airports and other transportation hubs and networks
- public areas such as tourist attractions, restaurants, bars, coffee shops, shopping centres, markets, hotels and other sites frequented by foreigners
Always be aware of your surroundings when in public places. Be particularly vigilant if attending sporting events and during religious holidays and other public celebrations, as terrorists have used such occasions to mount attacks.
The Government of Italy maintains a public alert system on terrorism. Alert level changes are communicated mainly through local media. Enhanced security measures are also deployed in various strategic locations and transport hubs.
Expect increased police and military presence during holidays and in public places, including tourist locations and major landmarks.
### Spiked food and drinks
Never leave food or drinks unattended or in the care of strangers. Be wary of accepting snacks, beverages, gum or cigarettes from new acquaintances. These items may contain drugs that could put you at risk of sexual assault and robbery.
### Victims of crime
You can report a crime at the nearest police station (Carabinieri or Polizia di Stato).
It's possible to file a preliminary complaint online, in Italian, for certain types of minor crimes, including theft.
You can also report a crime or contact emergency services by calling 112. The "Where are U" app will automatically connect you to the 112 Public Safety Answering Point and transmit your GPS location. While the "Where Are U" service is unavailable in certain parts of Italy, including in Veneto, you can dial 112 for emergencies throughout Italy.
#### Useful links
- [Online preliminary complaint](https://extranet.carabinieri.it/DenunciaViaWeb/denuncia.aspx) – Arma dei Carabinieri (in Italian only)
- [Closest police station](https://questure.poliziadistato.it/servizio/dovesiamo) – Polizia di Stato, Italy's national police (in Italian only)
- [Where are U](https://www.regione.lombardia.it/wps/portal/istituzionale/HP/DettaglioServizio/servizi-e-informazioni/Cittadini/salute-e-prevenzione/Emergenze-e-urgenze/where-are-u-112/where-are-u-112) – Regione Lombardia (in Italian only)
### Fraud
#### Credit card, debit card and ATM fraud
Credit and debit card as well as ATM fraud occurs.
The risk of credit card skimming is high. Businesses may use compromised ATMs or PIN readers to collect your credit card information, especially in popular tourist areas.
When using your debit or credit card:
- cover the keypad with one hand when entering your PIN
- pay careful attention when others are handling your cards
- avoid using card readers with an irregular or unusual feature
- use ATMs located in public areas or inside a bank or business
- check for any unauthorized transactions on your account statements
#### Cybercrime
Cybercrime occurs. Criminals may compromise public Wi-Fi networks to steal your personal data or credit information.
- Be cautious when posting information or photos on social media
- Use secure public Wi-Fi networks
- Always meet new acquaintances in a secure and familiar location
- Do not discuss travel plans or any other personal information within earshot of strangers
#### Useful links
- [Overseas fraud](https://travel.gc.ca/travelling/health-safety/overseas-fraud)
- [Cyber security while travelling](https://travel.gc.ca/travelling/health-safety/cyber-safe)
### Demonstrations and strikes
Demonstrations and strikes occur regularly, particularly in larger cities and often with little notice.
Even peaceful demonstrations can turn violent at any time. They can also lead to significant disruptions to traffic and public transportation.
- Avoid areas where demonstrations and large gatherings are taking place
- Follow the instructions of local authorities
- Monitor local media for information on ongoing demonstrations
#### Useful links
- [Information on upcoming](http://scioperi.mit.gov.it/mit2/public/scioperi) strikes – Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport (in Italian only)
- [More about mass gatherings (large-scale events)](https://travel.gc.ca/travelling/health-safety/mass-gatherings)
### Adventure travel
Outdoor activities, such as hiking, skiing, mountain biking and other alpine and extreme sports, can be dangerous.
You must wear a helmet if you plan on skiing, snowboarding or practicing any other snow sports on ski hills in Italy.
If you intend to participate in adventure tourism activities:
- share your itinerary with a friend or family member if you're alone
- stay on marked trails and consider hiring an experienced guide from a reputable company
- buy travel insurance that covers incidents related to this type of recreational activity
- ensure that your physical condition is good enough to tackle the challenges of your activity
- know the symptoms of high-altitude illnesses, dehydration and heatstroke, which can be fatal
- ensure that you have proper equipment and bring sufficient water
- monitor weather conditions and other possible hazards
[Avalanche Forecast](https://bollettini-en.aineva.it/bulletin/latest) – AINEVA (Interregional Association for coordination and documentation of snow and avalanche problems)
### Water activities
#### Swimming
Always respect warning flags at beaches.
Be cautious on the beach and in the water during fall and winter. Waves can be unpredictable, break closer to the shore than expected and cause strong riptides.
- Monitor weather conditions
- Avoid beaches and coastal areas if the weather forecast is poor
- Pay attention to erosion and rockfall warnings
- Do not dive in unfamiliar waters as hidden rocks or shallow water can cause serious injury or death
#### Boating
Coastal waters can be dangerous. Waters in the Strait of Bonifacio, between Corsica and Sardinia, and the Strait of Messina, between Sicily and mainland Italy, can be difficult to navigate due to strong winds and currents.
If you're planning on going boating or taking a boat tour:
- have life jackets available and accessible for all passengers
- don't board vessels that appear overloaded or unseaworthy
- carry a VHF marine radio or GPS transmitter to share your location in case of emergency
[Adventure travel health and safety](https://travel.gc.ca/travelling/health-safety/adventure-travellers)
### Roads
#### Road safety
Road safety may vary throughout the country. Minor accidents are common.
#### Road conditions
Roads are generally in good condition in and around major cities. In rural areas, they may be poorly maintained. City streets can be narrow and congested. Signage, traffic lights and road markings may not be visible, especially in southern areas of the country.
In mountainous areas, roads are often winding and narrow. Avalanches or landslides occur and can block access routes to towns and ski resorts.
Driving can also be dangerous due to:
- traffic jams and heavy traffic, especially in urban areas
- lack of traffic signs
#### Driving habits
Drivers do not always respect traffic laws, especially motorcycles and scooters, which often drive between vehicles and on sidewalks. Speeding is common.
If you choose to drive during your stay:
- always drive defensively
- plan your trip in advance, especially if you are visiting a rural area
- do not stop on the road to offer help to others
- do not hitchhike or pick up hitchhikers
### Public transportation
The reliability of public transportation services varies across the country.
#### Taxis
In Italy, drivers start the meter at the point of departure rather than at pick-up. Ride-sharing and cab-hailing services are available but may operate differently.
Use only officially licensed taxis from a stand or requested by phone or app. Official taxis have a white “TAXI” sign on the roof of the vehicle.
- Never share a taxi with strangers
- Discuss the fare in advance or make sure the meter is on
### Air travel
We don't make assessments on the compliance of foreign domestic airlines with international safety standards.
[Information about foreign domestic airlines](https://travel.gc.ca/air/in-flight-safety#other)
[Back to top](https://travel.gc.ca/destinations/italy#wb-cont)
## Entry and exit requirements
The authorities of a country or territory decide who can enter or exit through its borders. The Government of Canada cannot intervene on your behalf if you do not meet your destination’s entry or exit requirements.
We have obtained the information on this page from the Italian authorities. It can, however, change at any time.
Verify this information with the [Foreign Representatives in Canada](https://www.international.gc.ca/protocol-protocole/reps.aspx?lang=eng).
### Entry/Exit System (EES)
The Entry/Exit System (EES) began operations on October 12, 2025.
The EES is an automated registration system for travellers from countries outside the European Union or the Schengen area. You will be required to register through this system upon arrival at the border of any of the 29 countries in the Schengen area.
You don’t need to take any action before you travel. The EES collects information about your trip as well as your facial image and fingerprints.
#### Useful links
- [Travelling to Europe](https://travel.gc.ca/travelling/travelling-europe)
- [Entry/Exit System (EES)](https://travel-europe.europa.eu/ees/ltr) – European Union
### Schengen area
Italy is a Schengen area country. Canadian citizens do not need a visa for travel to countries within the Schengen area. However, visa-free travel only applies to stays of up to 90 days in any 180-day period. Stays are cumulative and include visits to any Schengen area country.
Member states may reintroduce temporary controls at internal border crossings within the Schengen area. You may be required to pass through immigration controls when entering Italy, even if arriving from another Schengen area country. Verify if temporary border controls are in effect before you travel to Italy.
If you plan to stay in the Schengen area for a longer period of time, you will need a visa. You must contact the high commission or embassy of the country or countries you are travelling to and obtain the appropriate visa(s) before your departure.
#### Useful links
- [Schengen area](https://travel.gc.ca/travelling/schengen-area)
- [Foreign Representatives in Canada](http://www.international.gc.ca/protocol-protocole/reps.aspx?lang=eng)
- [Temporary Reintroduction of Border Control](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/schengen-area/temporary-reintroduction-border-control_en) – European Commission
### Passport
Entry requirements vary depending on the type of passport you're travelling with.
Before you travel, check with your transportation company about passport requirements. Its rules on passport validity may be more stringent than the country's entry rules.
#### Regular Canadian passport
Your passport must be valid for at least 3 months beyond the date you expect to leave the Schengen area.
#### Passport for official travel
Different entry rules may apply.
[Official travel](https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/canadian-passports/official-travel.html)
#### Passport with “X” gender identifier
While the Government of Canada issues passports with an “X” gender identifier, it cannot guarantee your entry or transit through other countries. You might face entry restrictions in countries that do not recognize the “X” gender identifier. Before you leave, verify this information with the closest foreign representative for your destination.
You should also be aware that current systems used by some countries and travel companies may not recognize the “X” gender identifier. You may still be asked to provide your sex/gender information as either male or female when travelling.
#### Other travel documents
Different entry rules may apply when travelling with a temporary passport or an emergency travel document. Before you leave, verify this information with the closest foreign representative for your destination.
#### Useful links
- [Travel and your sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression and sex characteristics](https://travel.gc.ca/travelling/health-safety/lgbt-travel)
- [Foreign Representatives in Canada](https://www.international.gc.ca/protocol-protocole/reps.aspx?lang=eng)
- [Canadian passports and other travel documents](http://www.canada.ca/passport)
### Visas
Tourist visa: not required for stays up to 90 days in any 180-day period
Business visa: not required for stays up 90 days
Work visa: required
Student visa: required
#### Useful links
- [Information for foreign nationals](https://www.poliziadistato.it/articolo/10617/) – Polizia di Stato, Italy’s national police
- [Guide to temporary entry into Italy under CETA](https://www.international.gc.ca/trade-commerce/trade-agreements-accords-commerciaux/agr-acc/ceta-aecg/temporary-entry-admission-temporaire-guide/italy-italie.aspx?lang=eng)
### Other entry requirements
Customs officials may ask you to show them a return or onward ticket and proof of sufficient funds to cover your stay.
### Declaration of presence
If you plan to spend fewer than 90 days in Italy, you must report your presence in the country. When you arrive in Italy from outside the Schengen area, make sure to have your passport stamped. This counts as a declaration of presence. If you arrive from within the Schengen area, you must file a declaration of presence at a local police office within 8 days of arrival.
Commercial accommodations such as hotels will generally file the declaration on your behalf, but you are responsible for making sure it's done.
Failure to comply with this regulation could result in expulsion.
[Entering Italy](https://www.poliziadistato.it/articolo/10618) – Polizia di Stato, Italy’s national police
### Children and travel
Learn about [travelling with children](http://travel.gc.ca/travelling/children).
### Yellow fever
Learn about [potential entry requirements related to yellow fever](https://travel.gc.ca/destinations/italy#health) (vaccines section).
[Back to top](https://travel.gc.ca/destinations/italy#wb-cont)
## Health
### Relevant Travel Health Notices
- [Measles: Advice for travellers](https://travel.gc.ca/travelling/health-safety/travel-health-notices/504)
- [COVID-19 and International Travel](https://travel.gc.ca/travelling/health-safety/travel-health-notices/513)
This section has information and advice about health risks you might face when travelling. Following this advice can help reduce your risk of getting sick. Not all risks are listed here.
It's best to talk to a healthcare provider or visit a travel health clinic preferably 6 weeks before your trip to get personalized health advice. Even if your travel date is coming up soon, it's still worthwhile to make an appointment.
### Routine vaccines
Make sure your routine vaccinations are up-to-date before you travel, no matter where you’re going.
These may include vaccines for measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR), diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (whooping cough), polio, varicella (chickenpox), meningococcal disease, seasonal flu, and others.
[Provincial and Territorial Immunization Information](https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/provincial-territorial-immunization-information.html)
### Pre-travel vaccines and medications
When travelling in this destination, you might be at risk for diseases that can be prevented with vaccines or medications. Talk to a travel health care provider about which ones are right for you based on your travel plans.
The highlights below will also tell you if your destination may require that vaccine for entering or exiting.
Yellow Fever - Country Entry Requirements
[Yellow fever](https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/yellow-fever.html) is a disease caused by a flavivirus from the bite of an infected mosquito.
Travellers get vaccinated either because it is required to enter a country or because it is recommended for their protection.
**Risk**
- There is no risk of yellow fever in this country.
**Country Entry Requirement\***
- Proof of vaccination is not required to enter this country.
**Recommendation**
- Vaccination is not recommended.
\* It is important to note that [country entry requirements](https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/vaccination-requirements-and-recommendations-for-international-travellers-and-malaria-situation-per-country-2022-edition) may not reflect your risk of yellow fever at your destination. It is recommended that you contact the nearest [diplomatic or consular office](http://www.international.gc.ca/protocol-protocole/reps.aspx?view=d) of the destination(s) you will be visiting to verify any additional entry requirements.
[About Yellow Fever](https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/yellow-fever.html)
[Yellow Fever Vaccination Centres in Canada](https://travel.gc.ca/destinations/%20https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/travel-health/yellow-fever.html#select-centre)
Tick-borne encephalitis
[Tick-borne encephalitis](https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/tick-borne-encephalitis.html) (TBE) is a risk in some areas of this destination. It is a viral disease that affects the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). It is spread to humans by the bite of infected ticks or occasionally when unpasteurized milk products are consumed.
Travellers to areas where TBE is found may be at higher risk during April to November, and the risk is highest for people who hike or camp in forested areas.
[Protect yourself from tick bites](https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/insect-bite-prevention.html). The vaccine is not available in Canada. It may be available in the destination you are travelling to.
Measles
Measles is a serious viral infection that spreads easily. It spreads through the air, and can stay in the air for up to 2 hours. You can also get measles by direct contact with an infected person or by touching a surface with the virus on it and then touching your eyes, nose, or mouth before washing your hands.
Getting vaccinated is the best way to protect yourself and others from measles. In Canada, the measles vaccine is part of the routine immunization schedule. If you’re unsure whether you’re protected, talk to a healthcare provider.
**Learn more:**
[Measles](https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/measles.html)
Hepatitis B
[Hepatitis B](https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/hepatitis-b.html) is a risk in every destination. It is a viral liver disease that is easily transmitted from one person to another through exposure to blood and body fluids containing the hepatitis B virus. Travellers who may be exposed to blood or other bodily fluids (e.g., through sexual contact, medical treatment, sharing needles, tattooing, acupuncture or occupational exposure) are at higher risk of getting hepatitis B.
Hepatitis B vaccination is recommended for all travellers. [Prevent hepatitis B](https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/hepatitis-b/prevention-risks.html#a2) infection by practicing safe sex, only using new and sterile drug equipment, and only getting tattoos and piercings in settings that follow public health regulations and standards.
COVID-19
COVID-19 is an infectious viral disease. Most of the time, it spreads when people are in close contact with others who are infected with the virus. It spreads through respiratory particles, or through an infected surface or object.
Vaccination is one of the most important ways to protect yourself from developing serious complications from COVID-19. Talk to a healthcare provider about the COVID-19 vaccine before travelling. Evidence shows that the COVID-19 vaccines used in Canada are very effective at preventing severe illness, hospitalization and death from COVID-19.
In addition to vaccination, use personal protective measures to help protect yourself and others.
**Learn more :**
[Vaccine for COVID-19: How to get vaccinated](https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/coronavirus-disease-covid-19/vaccines/how-vaccinated.html)
[COVID-19: Spread, prevention and risks](https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/2019-novel-coronavirus-infection/prevention-risks.html#p)
Influenza
The best way to protect yourself from seasonal [influenza](https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/flu-influenza.html) (flu) is to get vaccinated every year. [Get the flu shot](https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/flu-influenza/get-your-flu-shot.html) at least 2 weeks before travelling.
The flu occurs worldwide.
- In the Northern Hemisphere, the flu season usually runs from November to April.
- In the Southern Hemisphere, the flu season usually runs between April and October.
- In the tropics, there is flu activity year round.
The flu vaccine available in one hemisphere may only offer partial protection against the flu in the other hemisphere.
The flu virus spreads from person to person when they cough or sneeze or by touching objects and surfaces that have been contaminated with the virus. Clean your hands often and wear a mask if you have a fever or respiratory symptoms.
Rabies
In this destination, [rabies](https://travel.gc.ca/travelling/health-safety/diseases/rabies) may be present in some wildlife species, including bats. Rabies is a deadly disease that spreads to humans primarily through bites or scratches from an infected animal.
If you are bitten or scratched by an animal while travelling, immediately wash the wound with soap and clean water and see a health care professional.
Before travel, discuss rabies vaccination with a health care professional. It may be recommended for travellers who will be working directly with wildlife.
### Safe food and water precautions
Eating or drinking unsafe food or water, or swimming in contaminated water can make you sick while travelling. Take precautions by following these tips:
- Boil it, cook it, peel it, or leave it (only eat food that is prepared safely)
- Avoid, if possible, getting water in your eyes, mouth, or nose when swimming in freshwater (like streams, lakes, or canals), especially after heavy rain or flooding - the water might look clean but can still be contaminated
- Don’t swallow water when bathing, showering, swimming in pools, or using hot tubs
[Eat and drink safely abroad](https://travel.gc.ca/travelling/health-safety/food-water)
### Tick and insect bite prevention
Many diseases are spread by bites from infected ticks and insects like mosquitoes, fleas, or flies. Before you travel, find out what types of ticks or insects are in the area, when they’re most active, and what diseases they can spread.
To protect yourself from bites:
- use an approved bug spray (insect repellent) on exposed skin
- wear light-coloured, loose clothing made of tightly woven materials like nylon or polyester
- wear socks and closed-toe shoes
- sleep under mosquito netting if you’re outdoors or staying in places that aren’t fully enclosed
- do a full body tick check on yourself, your children, your gear, and any pets you’re travelling with when you return from outdoor activities
[Insect bite and pest prevention](https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/insect-bite-prevention.html)
[Personal insect repellents](https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/about-pesticides/insect-repellents.html)
Dengue
- In this country, risk of dengue is sporadic. It is a viral disease spread to humans by mosquito bites.
- Dengue can cause flu-like symptoms. In some cases, it can lead to severe dengue, which can be fatal.
- The level of risk of dengue changes seasonally, and varies from year to year. The level of risk also varies between regions in a country and can depend on the elevation in the region.
- Mosquitoes carrying dengue typically bite during the daytime, particularly around sunrise and sunset.
- Protect yourself from mosquito bites. There is no vaccine or medication available in Canada to prevent dengue.
**Learn more:**
[Dengue](https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/infectious-diseases/viral-haemorrhagic-fevers/dengue-fever.html)
[Insect bite and pest prevention](https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/insect-bite-prevention.html)
Chikungunya
There is a risk of chikungunya in this country. The level of risk may vary by:
- season
- year
- region
- elevation
The virus that causes chikungunya is spread through the bite of an infected mosquito. It can cause fever and pain in the joints. In some cases, the joint pain can be severe and last for months or years.
Protect yourself from mosquito bites at all times.
[Insect bite and pest prevention](https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/insect-bite-prevention.html)
A vaccine for the prevention of chikungunya is approved in Canada. Talk to your healthcare provider about how best to prevent chikungunya, including the benefits and risks of vaccination based on factors such as your age, itinerary and personal preferences.
**Learn more:**
[Chikungunya](https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/chikungunya.html)
Leishmaniasis - Visceral
Visceral leishmaniasis, also called kala azar, can occur in this destination, though the risk is low for most travellers.
The infection spreads through the bite of an infected sandfly. Symptoms can appear weeks or months after infection and may include fever, weight loss, an enlarged liver or spleen, and anaemia. Without treatment, visceral leishmaniasis can be fatal. If you think you might have visceral leishmaniasis, it’s important to speak to a health care provider as soon as possible.
To lower your risk, protect yourself from sandfly bites. Sandflies are most active between sunset and sunrise in rural, forested and some urban areas.
There is no vaccine or medication to prevent infection with the parasite that causes leishmaniasis.
**Learn more:** [Leishmaniasis](https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/leishmaniasis.html)
### Animal precautions
Some infections can spread directly from animals to people, like rabies or bird flu (avian influenza). Others don’t spread directly from animals but can infect people who visit areas animals have contaminated with their droppings or body fluids.
Certain activities can increase your chances of coming into contact with animals, their droppings, or their body fluids, like:
- travelling in rural or forested areas
- camping, hiking, or visiting caves
- visiting places where live animals are sold or killed for food, like wet markets
To reduce your risk of getting sick:
- avoid contact with animals like stray dogs, livestock (such as pigs and cows), monkeys, snakes, rodents, birds, and bats.
- stay away from places where animal waste can build up, such as caves
- avoid eating undercooked meat
Make sure to closely watch children; they are more likely to try to touch animals.
### Person-to-person infections
When travelling, you can reduce your risk of getting or spreading respiratory infections, like the flu or COVID-19, by:
- staying at your accommodation and limiting contact with others if you’re sick
- wearing a well-fitting mask, especially:
- if you’re sick and need to be around others
- when you’re at large indoor events or in crowded settings, like sporting events, concerts, and airports
- cleaning your hands regularly with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, or using hand sanitizer containing at least 60% alcohol
- covering your coughs and sneezes with a tissue or your elbow, not your hands
[Mass gatherings (large-scale events)](https://travel.gc.ca/travelling/health-safety/mass-gatherings)
[Clean your hands to help reduce the spread of infectious diseases](https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/healthy-living/hand-hygiene.html)
[Respiratory infectious diseases: How to reduce the spread with personal protective measures](https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/respiratory-infectious-diseases-reduce-spread-personal-protective-measures.html)
To lower your risk of getting sexually transmissible infections (STIs), HIV, and mpox, you can:
- get vaccinated against mpox if you’re eligible
- practise safer sex methods
- use barrier protection during sexual activity, like condoms and dental dams.
[Mpox vaccines](https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/mpox/symptoms-management.html#a4)
[Sexual health and travel](https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/sexually-transmitted-infections.html)
[HIV and AIDS: Travel health advice](https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/hiv-aids/travel-health-advice.html)
### Medication
Some prescription medications may not be available in Italy.
If you take prescription medications, you’re responsible for determining their legality in Italy.
Medications containing controlled substances are subject to stricter guidelines. You should verify with your doctor if this applies to any of your medications. You must declare any such medications when you arrive in Italy, and you may only bring the amount required for up to a 30-day prescription.
- Bring enough medication for your stay
- Always keep your medication in the original container and carry a copy of your prescriptions
- Pack your medication in your carry-on luggage
[Travelling internationally with medication](https://www.salute.gov.it/portale/medicinaliStupefacenti/dettaglioContenutiMedicinaliStupefacenti.jsp?id=5785&area=sostanzeStupefacenti&menu=sostanze) – Italian Ministry of Health
### Medical services and facilities
Good health care is available throughout the country. However, hospital services may be limited in rural areas. Not all medical staff will be able to speak English or French, but many doctors will. Medical treatment and emergency room visits are free of charge but only for life-threatening emergencies, as determined by the treating physician. Hospitals expect upfront payment for services when an emergency is not considered life-threatening.
There are private clinics and hospitals that cater to foreign travellers.
### Death abroad
If you plan to retire or spend long periods of time in Italy, you should:
- share your plans or wishes with relatives
- make sure important documents can easily be located
- make arrangements in case of your death while in the country
[Death outside Canada](https://travel.gc.ca/assistance/emergency-info/death-abroad)
Make sure you get travel insurance that includes coverage for medical evacuation and hospital stays.
[Health and safety outside Canada](https://travel.gc.ca/travelling/health-safety)
### Keep in Mind...
The decision to travel is the sole responsibility of the traveller. The traveller is also responsible for his or her own personal safety.
Be prepared. Do not expect medical services to be the same as in Canada. Pack a [travel health kit](http://travel.gc.ca/travelling/health-safety/kit), especially if you will be travelling away from major city centres.
[Back to top](https://travel.gc.ca/destinations/italy#wb-cont)
## Laws and culture
You must abide by local laws.
Learn about what you should do and how we can help if you are [arrested or detained abroad](http://travel.gc.ca/assistance/emergency-info/arrest-detention).
### Transfer to a Canadian prison
Canada and Italy are signatories to the Convention on the Transfer of Sentenced Persons. This enables a Canadian imprisoned in Italy to request a transfer to a Canadian prison to complete a sentence. The transfer requires the agreement of both Canadian and Italy authorities.
This process can take a long time, and there is no guarantee that the transfer will be approved by either or both sides.
### Drugs
Penalties for possession, use or trafficking of illegal drugs are severe. Convicted offenders can expect jail sentences or heavy fines.
[Drugs, alcohol and travel](https://travel.gc.ca/travelling/health-safety/drugs)
### Public behaviour
Certain municipalities, particularly those with a high number of visitors, such as Rome, Florence and Venice, have adopted strict public conduct rules. Some actions that may seem inoffensive are illegal and you could face a fine or arrest if you do not respect the rules.
Public conduct rules may include:
- sitting, eating or drinking on a monument or an archaeological landmark
- bathing in fountains or canals
- walking in an urban setting in swimwear or without a shirt/T-shirt
- feeding pigeons
- putting locks on bridges or monuments
- dropping litter or using single-use plastic
### Natural heritage
You should not remove natural objects and plants from their natural setting. You could be fined if you do.
Removing pebbles, shells, or sand from the beaches in Sardinia and other coastal regions is prohibited.
In mountainous areas, it’s illegal to cut certain types of endangered flowers and disturb delicate alpine tundra.
### Photography
Photography of military installations and critical infrastructure is regulated.
Request permission from local authorities before taking photographs of such installations.
### Drones
Italian and European laws regulate recreational and commercial drone operation.
You must register your drone to use it across the European Union and apply for an authorization with the Italian authorities. Depending on the size of your drone and the intended use, you may also need to take a proof of competency exam.
Certain areas are restricted or off-limits for personal drones. These include:
- military sites
- within 5 km of airports
- mass gatherings, including major sporting events and concerts
- protected natural spaces, including natural parks
If you don’t comply, you may be fined and your drone confiscated.
#### Useful links
- [Travelling with drones](https://www.easa.europa.eu/en/light/topics/travelling-drones) \- European Union Aviation Safety Agency
- [Use of drones](https://www.enac.gov.it/sicurezza-aerea/droni) - Italian Civil Aviation Authority (in Italian only)
- [drone operator’s portal](https://www.d-flight.it/new_portal/en/) – D-flight
### Identification
Local authorities may request to see your identification, including your passport, at any time.
- Always carry valid identification
- Keep a photocopy or a digital copy of your identification and passport in case they are lost or stolen
You will need to present your passport when you check-in to a hotel or other commercial accommodation.
Wait at the reception until the hotel staff has taken the required information from your passport and ensure that your passport is returned to you.
### Dual citizenship
Dual citizenship is legally recognized in Italy.
If you are a Canadian citizen, but also a citizen of Italy, our ability to offer you consular services may be limited while you're there. You may also be subject to different [entry/exit requirements](https://travel.gc.ca/destinations/italy#entryexit).
[Dual citizens](http://travel.gc.ca/travelling/documents/dual-citizenship)
### International Child Abduction
The Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction is an international treaty. It can help parents with the return of children who have been removed to or retained in certain countries in violation of custody rights. The convention applies between Canada and Italy.
If your child was wrongfully taken to, or is being held in Italy, and if the applicable conditions are met, you may apply for the return of your child to the Italian court.
If you are in this situation:
- act as quickly as you can
- contact the Central Authority for your province or territory of residence for information on starting an application under The Hague Convention
- consult a lawyer in Canada and in Italy to explore all the legal options for the return of your child
- report the situation to the nearest Canadian government office abroad or to the Vulnerable Children's Consular Unit at Global Affairs Canada by calling the Emergency Watch and Response Centre
If your child was removed from a country other than Canada, consult a lawyer to determine if The Hague Convention applies.
Be aware that Canadian consular officials cannot interfere in private legal matters or in another country's judicial affairs.
#### Useful links
- [List of Canadian Central Authorities for the Hague Convention](https://www.hcch.net/en/states/authorities/details3/?aid=75)
- [International Child Abductions: A guide for affected parents](https://travel.gc.ca/travelling/publications/international-child-abductions)
- [Children and travel](https://travel.gc.ca/travelling/children)
- [The Hague Convention](https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/full-text/?cid=24) – Hague Conference on Private International Law
- [Canadian embassies and consulates by destination](https://travel.gc.ca/assistance/embassies-consulates)
- [Request emergency assistance](https://travel.gc.ca/assistance/emergency-assistance?_ga)
### Driving
You may drive for up to one year with a valid Canadian driver’s licence, accompanied by an international driving permit or a certified Italian translation of your licence.
You must also have an international car insurance plan.
If you drive a foreign-registered car, you must display a sticker indicating its country of origin on the back of the car. It’s illegal to drive a vehicle registered abroad for more than 60 days. If you plan to stay in Italy for more than 60 days, you must obtain Italian plates.
#### Mandatory equipment
You must keep certain safety equipment in your car at all times, including a warning triangle and reflective jacket.
You must use snow tires or snow chains in certain regions during certain times of the year. If you plan to drive in the winter, you should verify in advance if your vehicle will require snow tires or chains. Pay attention to road signage during the winter, especially in mountainous regions.
#### Limited traffic zones and low-emission zones
Historic centres of many Italian cities have restricted traffic zones marked as ZTL. “Zona Traffico Limitato”, or low-emission zones, to reduce air pollution.
You need a special permit to access limited traffic zones. To be granted access to a low-emission zone, your car must meet certain environmental standards.
If you enter these zones without a permit, you could be fined. If you’re driving a rented vehicle, the rental agency may provide your contact details to the local authorities.
Some municipalities use the services of a private company to collect the fines abroad. You could receive traffic tickets by mail several months after returning to Canada.
- Pay close attention to street signage
- Confirm in advance how to access your hotel by vehicle if it’s located in a ZTL
### Regional regulations
Certain islands restrict or prohibit non-resident vehicles during the high tourism season and holiday season. These include:
- the Aeolian Islands (Alicudi, Filicudi, Lipari, Panarea, Salina, Stromboli, Vulcano)
- the Aegadian Islands (Favignana)
- the Campanian Archipelago (Capri, Ischia, Procida)
- the Pelagie Islands (Linosa)
- the Tuscan Archipelago (Giannutri, Giglio)
- Ustica
Other islands could enforce similar regulations. Confirm before travelling.
On route 163 of the Amalfi Coast, between Positano and Vietri sul Mare, it’s prohibited to use campervans or large recreational vehicles.
#### Useful links
- [Road rules and safety](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/travel/driving-abroad/road-rules-and-safety/) – European Commission
- [International Driving Permit](https://travel.gc.ca/travelling/documents/international-driving-permit)
### Public transportation
You must validate your tickets on public transport before you start your journey, or pay on-board where possible to do so. If you don’t validate your ticket, you may receive an on-the-spot fine.
### Money
The currency of Italy is the euro (EUR).
Payment in cash is restricted to transactions under €1000.
If you are carrying €10,000 or more, or the equivalent in other currencies or monetary instruments, you must make a declaration to customs when you enter or leave the European Union.
This does not apply if you are travelling within the European Union or in transit to a non-EU country.
[EU Cash Controls](https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs/prohibitions-restrictions/eu-cash-controls_en) – European Commission
[Back to top](https://travel.gc.ca/destinations/italy#wb-cont)
## Natural disasters and climate
### Climate change
Climate change is affecting Italy. Extreme and unusual weather events are becoming more frequent and may affect your travel plans. Monitor local media for the latest information.
### Earthquakes
Italy is located in an active seismic zone. Even minor earthquakes can cause significant damage.
### Volcanoes
There are nine active volcanoes in Italy.
If you are travelling near active volcanoes:
- monitor levels of volcanic activity through the local media
- pay careful attention to all warnings issued
- follow the advice of local authorities
- be prepared to modify your travel arrangements or even evacuate the area on short notice
Some active volcanoes are continually monitored by Italian authorities and are located near densely populated urban areas or popular tourist destinations.
#### Sicily
Mount Etna is Europe’s most active volcano. Periods of high activity can bring significant ash fall, earthquakes and emission of harmful gases.
#### Aeolian Islands
The Stromboli and Vulcano islands are active volcanoes. Eruptions, ash fall and lava flow occur regularly.
#### Campania region
Mount Vesuvius and the Phlegraean Fields in the Naples area are active volcanoes.
#### Useful links
- [Information on active volcanoes](https://www.ingv.it/it/dati-in-tempo-reale-vulcani-maps) - Italian National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology (in Italian only)
- [Information on seismic activity in Italy](https://rischi.protezionecivile.gov.it/en/seismic-0) - Italian Civil Protection Department
### Wildfires
Forest and maquis fires often occur during the summer months, particularly in Sicily, Calabria and Sardinia.
The air quality in areas near active fires may deteriorate due to heavy smoke.
In case of a major fire:
- stay away from the affected area, particularly if you suffer from respiratory ailments
- follow the instructions of local emergency services personnel, including evacuation orders
- monitor local media for up-to-date information on the situation
[Fire risk](https://rischi.protezionecivile.it/en/sezione-con-anticipazioni/fire-risk/ "Italian Civil Protection Department") - Italian Civil Protection Department
### Flooding and landslides
Heavy rains, particularly in the fall and winter, can cause severe flooding and landslides. Roads may become impassable, and infrastructure damaged.
Venice, in Veneto Region, sees tidal flooding known as “acqua alta,” particularly in the fall and spring. The city of Venice maintains a warning system for tidal flooding, and local authorities may install raised or floating platforms to allow pedestrians to cross low-lying areas.
The Italian Civil Protection Department publishes weather alerts on its website.
- Exercise caution, particularly around major rivers
- Stay informed of the latest regional weather forecasts
- Follow the instructions of local authorities, including evacuation orders
#### Useful links
- [Latest alerts](https://www.protezionecivile.gov.it/en/) \- Italian Civil Protection Department
- [Tidal forecast](https://www.comune.venezia.it/it/content/centro-previsioni-e-segnalazioni-maree) - City of Venice (in Italian only)
- [Interpreting tidal forecast](https://www.comune.venezia.it/it/node/7454) - City of Venice
### Avalanches
In mountainous areas, avalanches present a risk and could result in fatalities. They often make roads impassable and cause power disruptions. These conditions can affect access to isolated areas, including tourist resorts, and limit the ability of emergency services to respond.
If you plan on skiing or mountaineering:
- stay informed of weather and safety conditions
- follow the instructions of local authorities
[Avalanche Forecast](https://bollettini-en.aineva.it/bulletin/latest) – AINEVA (Interregional Association for coordination and documentation of snow and avalanche problems)
[Back to top](https://travel.gc.ca/destinations/italy#wb-cont)
## Need help?
### Local services
Emergency services
Dial 112 for emergency assistance.
### Consular assistance
**Rome** - Embassy of Canada
Street AddressVia Zara 30, Rome 00198, Italy (Consular)Telephone\+39 06-85444-1Fax\+39 06.440.3048Email[consul.rome@international.gc.ca](mailto:consul.rome@international.gc.ca)Internet<https://www.international.gc.ca/country-pays/italy-italie/rome.aspx?lang=eng>Facebook[Embassy of Canada to Italy](https://www.facebook.com/CanadainItaly)X (Twitter)[Ambasciata Canada](https://x.com/CanadainItalia)Other social media[Canada in Italy](https://www.instagram.com/canada_it/)Consular district
Albania, Malta, San Marino
**Milan** - Consulate of Canada
Street AddressVia Verziere, 11, 20122 Milano MI, ItalyEmail[consul.milan@international.gc.ca](mailto:consul.milan@international.gc.ca)Internet<https://www.international.gc.ca/country-pays/italy-italie/milan.aspx?lang=eng>Facebook[Embassy of Canada to Italy](https://www.facebook.com/CanadainItaly)X (Twitter)[Ambasciata Canada](https://x.com/CanadainItalia)Other social media[Canada in Italy](https://www.instagram.com/canada_it/)
For emergency consular assistance, call the Embassy of Canada in Rome and follow the instructions. At any time, you may also contact the [Emergency Watch and Response Centre](http://travel.gc.ca/assistance/emergency-assistance) in Ottawa.
## Useful links
[Register as a Canadian abroad](https://travel.gc.ca/travelling/registration)
[View travel insurance information](https://travel.gc.ca/travelling/documents/travel-insurance)
[Read our Traveller’s Checklist](https://travel.gc.ca/travelling/publications/travellers-checklist)
[Advice for different types of travellers](https://travel.gc.ca/travelling/health-safety/advice-for-travellers)
[What to do if things go wrong](https://travel.gc.ca/assistance/if-things-go-wrong)
### Disclaimer
The decision to travel is your choice and you are responsible for your personal safety abroad. We take the safety and security of Canadians abroad very seriously and provide credible and timely information in our Travel Advice to enable you to make well-informed decisions regarding your travel abroad.
The content on this page is provided for information only. While we make every effort to give you correct information, it is provided on an "as is" basis without warranty of any kind, expressed or implied. The Government of Canada does not assume responsibility and will not be liable for any damages in connection to the information provided.
If you need consular assistance while abroad, we will make every effort to help you. However, there may be constraints that will limit the ability of the Government of Canada to provide services.
Learn more about [consular services](https://travel.gc.ca/assistance/emergency-info/consular/canadian-consular-services-charter).
## Risk Levels
###  Take normal security precautions
Take similar precautions to those you would take in Canada.
###  Exercise a high degree of caution
There are certain safety and security concerns or the situation could change quickly. Be very cautious at all times, monitor local media and follow the instructions of local authorities.
**IMPORTANT:**The two levels below are official Government of Canada Travel Advisories and are issued when the safety and security of Canadians travelling or living in the country or region may be at risk.
###  Avoid non-essential travel
Your safety and security could be at risk. You should think about your need to travel to this country, territory or region based on family or business requirements, knowledge of or familiarity with the region, and other factors. If you are already there, think about whether you really need to be there. If you do not need to be there, you should think about leaving.
###  Avoid all travel
You should not travel to this country, territory or region. Your personal safety and security are at great risk. If you are already there, you should think about leaving if it is safe to do so.
Date modified:
2026-03-24
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### Government of Canada Corporate
- [Social media](https://www.canada.ca/en/social.html)
- [Mobile applications](https://www.canada.ca/en/mobile.html)
- [About Canada.ca](https://www.canada.ca/en/government/about.html)
- [Terms and conditions](https://www.canada.ca/en/transparency/terms.html)
- [Privacy](https://www.canada.ca/en/transparency/privacy.html)
 |
| Readable Markdown | **Latest updates:** Health – information on visceral leishmaniasis added
**Last updated:** March 24, 2026 10:25 ET
### On this page
- [Risk level](https://travel.gc.ca/destinations/italy#risk)
- [Safety and security](https://travel.gc.ca/destinations/italy#security)
- [Entry and exit requirements](https://travel.gc.ca/destinations/italy#entryexit)
- [Health](https://travel.gc.ca/destinations/italy#health)
- [Laws and culture](https://travel.gc.ca/destinations/italy#laws)
- [Natural disasters and climate](https://travel.gc.ca/destinations/italy#disasters)
## Risk level
[](https://travel.gc.ca/destinations/italy#full-screen)
Disclaimer
The features in this map do not constitute an authoritative source of geographical information. This map is solely intended to assist Canadians by illustrating the risk levels contained in the Travel Advice and Advisories for this destination. The features in this map do not necessarily represent the views of the Canadian government on international boundaries, nomenclature or political status. The text under the Risk levels section takes precedence over this map.
Disclaimer
The features in this map do not constitute an authoritative source of geographical information. This map is solely intended to assist Canadians by illustrating the risk levels contained in the Travel Advice and Advisories for this destination. The features in this map do not necessarily represent the views of the Canadian government on international boundaries, nomenclature or political status. The text under the Risk levels section takes precedence over this map.
### Italy - Exercise a high degree of caution
[Exercise a high degree of caution](https://travel.gc.ca/destinations/italy#levels "Risk Levels") in Italy due to the threat of terrorism.
[Back to top](https://travel.gc.ca/destinations/italy#wb-cont)
## Safety and security
### Crime
#### Petty crime
Petty crime, such as pickpocketing and bag snatching, occurs frequently. Thieves often target tourists.
Criminals may try to distract you and take your attention away from your valuables or belongings. Be cautious of distraction tactics, including people who:
- spill drinks on you or your belongings
- engage you in lengthy conversations
- persistently offer to assist you
- attempt to distance you from your personal belongings
Burglaries and home break-ins occur, including from holiday homes and rentals.
Theft is particularly common in crowded public areas such as:
- popular tourist areas and historical sites
- buses, trains, bus and train stations, and airports
- hotel lobbies
- restaurants, including outdoor seating areas
- beaches
During your trip:
- keep your personal belongings, including your passport and other travel documents, in a secure place
- do not show signs of affluence or wear expensive jewellery
- do not carry large sums of cash or valuables unnecessarily
- be aware of your surroundings, especially in busy tourist areas
- be wary of unsolicited offers or advice from strangers
- keep doors and windows locked when you are away
Vehicle theft and theft from parked vehicles occur. Thieves often target rental cars. Criminals on scooters or on foot often snatch bags and other valuables from pedestrians and from inside cars stopped at traffic lights.
If you plan on driving during your stay:
- keep your windows closed and car doors locked at all times
- keep bags and other valuables out of the reach of pedestrians
- never leave belongings unattended in a vehicle, even in the trunk
#### Sexual assault
Sexual assaults have occurred, including against foreign women.
The Italian Government operates 1522, a 24/7 public utility number with multilingual operators to respond to the needs of victims of gender-based violence and stalking.
If you are the victim of a sexual assault, you may report it immediately to the nearest Government of Canada office. You can also report the assault to the police (Polizia di Stato) or seek medical attention by calling 112.
#### Useful links
- [1522 – anti-violence and stalking](https://www.1522.eu/?lang=en)
- [Advice for women travellers](https://travel.gc.ca/travelling/health-safety/advice-for-women-travellers "Advice for women travellers")
### Terrorism
There is a threat of terrorism in Europe. Terrorists have carried out attacks in several European cities and further attacks elsewhere in Europe are likely. Attacks in Italy cannot be ruled out.
Targets could include:
- government buildings, including schools
- places of worship
- airports and other transportation hubs and networks
- public areas such as tourist attractions, restaurants, bars, coffee shops, shopping centres, markets, hotels and other sites frequented by foreigners
Always be aware of your surroundings when in public places. Be particularly vigilant if attending sporting events and during religious holidays and other public celebrations, as terrorists have used such occasions to mount attacks.
The Government of Italy maintains a public alert system on terrorism. Alert level changes are communicated mainly through local media. Enhanced security measures are also deployed in various strategic locations and transport hubs.
Expect increased police and military presence during holidays and in public places, including tourist locations and major landmarks.
### Spiked food and drinks
Never leave food or drinks unattended or in the care of strangers. Be wary of accepting snacks, beverages, gum or cigarettes from new acquaintances. These items may contain drugs that could put you at risk of sexual assault and robbery.
### Victims of crime
You can report a crime at the nearest police station (Carabinieri or Polizia di Stato).
It's possible to file a preliminary complaint online, in Italian, for certain types of minor crimes, including theft.
You can also report a crime or contact emergency services by calling 112. The "Where are U" app will automatically connect you to the 112 Public Safety Answering Point and transmit your GPS location. While the "Where Are U" service is unavailable in certain parts of Italy, including in Veneto, you can dial 112 for emergencies throughout Italy.
#### Useful links
- [Online preliminary complaint](https://extranet.carabinieri.it/DenunciaViaWeb/denuncia.aspx) – Arma dei Carabinieri (in Italian only)
- [Closest police station](https://questure.poliziadistato.it/servizio/dovesiamo) – Polizia di Stato, Italy's national police (in Italian only)
- [Where are U](https://www.regione.lombardia.it/wps/portal/istituzionale/HP/DettaglioServizio/servizi-e-informazioni/Cittadini/salute-e-prevenzione/Emergenze-e-urgenze/where-are-u-112/where-are-u-112) – Regione Lombardia (in Italian only)
### Fraud
#### Credit card, debit card and ATM fraud
Credit and debit card as well as ATM fraud occurs.
The risk of credit card skimming is high. Businesses may use compromised ATMs or PIN readers to collect your credit card information, especially in popular tourist areas.
When using your debit or credit card:
- cover the keypad with one hand when entering your PIN
- pay careful attention when others are handling your cards
- avoid using card readers with an irregular or unusual feature
- use ATMs located in public areas or inside a bank or business
- check for any unauthorized transactions on your account statements
#### Cybercrime
Cybercrime occurs. Criminals may compromise public Wi-Fi networks to steal your personal data or credit information.
- Be cautious when posting information or photos on social media
- Use secure public Wi-Fi networks
- Always meet new acquaintances in a secure and familiar location
- Do not discuss travel plans or any other personal information within earshot of strangers
#### Useful links
- [Overseas fraud](https://travel.gc.ca/travelling/health-safety/overseas-fraud)
- [Cyber security while travelling](https://travel.gc.ca/travelling/health-safety/cyber-safe)
### Demonstrations and strikes
Demonstrations and strikes occur regularly, particularly in larger cities and often with little notice.
Even peaceful demonstrations can turn violent at any time. They can also lead to significant disruptions to traffic and public transportation.
- Avoid areas where demonstrations and large gatherings are taking place
- Follow the instructions of local authorities
- Monitor local media for information on ongoing demonstrations
#### Useful links
- [Information on upcoming](http://scioperi.mit.gov.it/mit2/public/scioperi) strikes – Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport (in Italian only)
- [More about mass gatherings (large-scale events)](https://travel.gc.ca/travelling/health-safety/mass-gatherings)
### Adventure travel
Outdoor activities, such as hiking, skiing, mountain biking and other alpine and extreme sports, can be dangerous.
You must wear a helmet if you plan on skiing, snowboarding or practicing any other snow sports on ski hills in Italy.
If you intend to participate in adventure tourism activities:
- share your itinerary with a friend or family member if you're alone
- stay on marked trails and consider hiring an experienced guide from a reputable company
- buy travel insurance that covers incidents related to this type of recreational activity
- ensure that your physical condition is good enough to tackle the challenges of your activity
- know the symptoms of high-altitude illnesses, dehydration and heatstroke, which can be fatal
- ensure that you have proper equipment and bring sufficient water
- monitor weather conditions and other possible hazards
[Avalanche Forecast](https://bollettini-en.aineva.it/bulletin/latest) – AINEVA (Interregional Association for coordination and documentation of snow and avalanche problems)
### Water activities
#### Swimming
Always respect warning flags at beaches.
Be cautious on the beach and in the water during fall and winter. Waves can be unpredictable, break closer to the shore than expected and cause strong riptides.
- Monitor weather conditions
- Avoid beaches and coastal areas if the weather forecast is poor
- Pay attention to erosion and rockfall warnings
- Do not dive in unfamiliar waters as hidden rocks or shallow water can cause serious injury or death
#### Boating
Coastal waters can be dangerous. Waters in the Strait of Bonifacio, between Corsica and Sardinia, and the Strait of Messina, between Sicily and mainland Italy, can be difficult to navigate due to strong winds and currents.
If you're planning on going boating or taking a boat tour:
- have life jackets available and accessible for all passengers
- don't board vessels that appear overloaded or unseaworthy
- carry a VHF marine radio or GPS transmitter to share your location in case of emergency
[Adventure travel health and safety](https://travel.gc.ca/travelling/health-safety/adventure-travellers)
### Roads
#### Road safety
Road safety may vary throughout the country. Minor accidents are common.
#### Road conditions
Roads are generally in good condition in and around major cities. In rural areas, they may be poorly maintained. City streets can be narrow and congested. Signage, traffic lights and road markings may not be visible, especially in southern areas of the country.
In mountainous areas, roads are often winding and narrow. Avalanches or landslides occur and can block access routes to towns and ski resorts.
Driving can also be dangerous due to:
- traffic jams and heavy traffic, especially in urban areas
- lack of traffic signs
#### Driving habits
Drivers do not always respect traffic laws, especially motorcycles and scooters, which often drive between vehicles and on sidewalks. Speeding is common.
If you choose to drive during your stay:
- always drive defensively
- plan your trip in advance, especially if you are visiting a rural area
- do not stop on the road to offer help to others
- do not hitchhike or pick up hitchhikers
### Public transportation
The reliability of public transportation services varies across the country.
#### Taxis
In Italy, drivers start the meter at the point of departure rather than at pick-up. Ride-sharing and cab-hailing services are available but may operate differently.
Use only officially licensed taxis from a stand or requested by phone or app. Official taxis have a white “TAXI” sign on the roof of the vehicle.
- Never share a taxi with strangers
- Discuss the fare in advance or make sure the meter is on
### Air travel
We don't make assessments on the compliance of foreign domestic airlines with international safety standards.
[Information about foreign domestic airlines](https://travel.gc.ca/air/in-flight-safety#other)
[Back to top](https://travel.gc.ca/destinations/italy#wb-cont)
## Entry and exit requirements
The authorities of a country or territory decide who can enter or exit through its borders. The Government of Canada cannot intervene on your behalf if you do not meet your destination’s entry or exit requirements.
We have obtained the information on this page from the Italian authorities. It can, however, change at any time.
Verify this information with the [Foreign Representatives in Canada](https://www.international.gc.ca/protocol-protocole/reps.aspx?lang=eng).
### Entry/Exit System (EES)
The Entry/Exit System (EES) began operations on October 12, 2025.
The EES is an automated registration system for travellers from countries outside the European Union or the Schengen area. You will be required to register through this system upon arrival at the border of any of the 29 countries in the Schengen area.
You don’t need to take any action before you travel. The EES collects information about your trip as well as your facial image and fingerprints.
#### Useful links
- [Travelling to Europe](https://travel.gc.ca/travelling/travelling-europe)
- [Entry/Exit System (EES)](https://travel-europe.europa.eu/ees/ltr) – European Union
### Schengen area
Italy is a Schengen area country. Canadian citizens do not need a visa for travel to countries within the Schengen area. However, visa-free travel only applies to stays of up to 90 days in any 180-day period. Stays are cumulative and include visits to any Schengen area country.
Member states may reintroduce temporary controls at internal border crossings within the Schengen area. You may be required to pass through immigration controls when entering Italy, even if arriving from another Schengen area country. Verify if temporary border controls are in effect before you travel to Italy.
If you plan to stay in the Schengen area for a longer period of time, you will need a visa. You must contact the high commission or embassy of the country or countries you are travelling to and obtain the appropriate visa(s) before your departure.
#### Useful links
- [Schengen area](https://travel.gc.ca/travelling/schengen-area)
- [Foreign Representatives in Canada](http://www.international.gc.ca/protocol-protocole/reps.aspx?lang=eng)
- [Temporary Reintroduction of Border Control](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/schengen-area/temporary-reintroduction-border-control_en) – European Commission
### Passport
Entry requirements vary depending on the type of passport you're travelling with.
Before you travel, check with your transportation company about passport requirements. Its rules on passport validity may be more stringent than the country's entry rules.
#### Regular Canadian passport
Your passport must be valid for at least 3 months beyond the date you expect to leave the Schengen area.
#### Passport for official travel
Different entry rules may apply.
[Official travel](https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/canadian-passports/official-travel.html)
#### Passport with “X” gender identifier
While the Government of Canada issues passports with an “X” gender identifier, it cannot guarantee your entry or transit through other countries. You might face entry restrictions in countries that do not recognize the “X” gender identifier. Before you leave, verify this information with the closest foreign representative for your destination.
You should also be aware that current systems used by some countries and travel companies may not recognize the “X” gender identifier. You may still be asked to provide your sex/gender information as either male or female when travelling.
#### Other travel documents
Different entry rules may apply when travelling with a temporary passport or an emergency travel document. Before you leave, verify this information with the closest foreign representative for your destination.
#### Useful links
- [Travel and your sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression and sex characteristics](https://travel.gc.ca/travelling/health-safety/lgbt-travel)
- [Foreign Representatives in Canada](https://www.international.gc.ca/protocol-protocole/reps.aspx?lang=eng)
- [Canadian passports and other travel documents](http://www.canada.ca/passport)
### Visas
Tourist visa: not required for stays up to 90 days in any 180-day period
Business visa: not required for stays up 90 days
Work visa: required
Student visa: required
#### Useful links
- [Information for foreign nationals](https://www.poliziadistato.it/articolo/10617/) – Polizia di Stato, Italy’s national police
- [Guide to temporary entry into Italy under CETA](https://www.international.gc.ca/trade-commerce/trade-agreements-accords-commerciaux/agr-acc/ceta-aecg/temporary-entry-admission-temporaire-guide/italy-italie.aspx?lang=eng)
### Other entry requirements
Customs officials may ask you to show them a return or onward ticket and proof of sufficient funds to cover your stay.
### Declaration of presence
If you plan to spend fewer than 90 days in Italy, you must report your presence in the country. When you arrive in Italy from outside the Schengen area, make sure to have your passport stamped. This counts as a declaration of presence. If you arrive from within the Schengen area, you must file a declaration of presence at a local police office within 8 days of arrival.
Commercial accommodations such as hotels will generally file the declaration on your behalf, but you are responsible for making sure it's done.
Failure to comply with this regulation could result in expulsion.
[Entering Italy](https://www.poliziadistato.it/articolo/10618) – Polizia di Stato, Italy’s national police
### Children and travel
Learn about [travelling with children](http://travel.gc.ca/travelling/children).
### Yellow fever
Learn about [potential entry requirements related to yellow fever](https://travel.gc.ca/destinations/italy#health) (vaccines section).
[Back to top](https://travel.gc.ca/destinations/italy#wb-cont)
## Health
This section has information and advice about health risks you might face when travelling. Following this advice can help reduce your risk of getting sick. Not all risks are listed here.
It's best to talk to a healthcare provider or visit a travel health clinic preferably 6 weeks before your trip to get personalized health advice. Even if your travel date is coming up soon, it's still worthwhile to make an appointment.
### Routine vaccines
Make sure your routine vaccinations are up-to-date before you travel, no matter where you’re going.
These may include vaccines for measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR), diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (whooping cough), polio, varicella (chickenpox), meningococcal disease, seasonal flu, and others.
[Provincial and Territorial Immunization Information](https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/provincial-territorial-immunization-information.html)
### Pre-travel vaccines and medications
When travelling in this destination, you might be at risk for diseases that can be prevented with vaccines or medications. Talk to a travel health care provider about which ones are right for you based on your travel plans.
The highlights below will also tell you if your destination may require that vaccine for entering or exiting.
Yellow Fever - Country Entry Requirements
[Yellow fever](https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/yellow-fever.html) is a disease caused by a flavivirus from the bite of an infected mosquito.
Travellers get vaccinated either because it is required to enter a country or because it is recommended for their protection.
**Risk**
- There is no risk of yellow fever in this country.
**Country Entry Requirement\***
- Proof of vaccination is not required to enter this country.
**Recommendation**
- Vaccination is not recommended.
\* It is important to note that [country entry requirements](https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/vaccination-requirements-and-recommendations-for-international-travellers-and-malaria-situation-per-country-2022-edition) may not reflect your risk of yellow fever at your destination. It is recommended that you contact the nearest [diplomatic or consular office](http://www.international.gc.ca/protocol-protocole/reps.aspx?view=d) of the destination(s) you will be visiting to verify any additional entry requirements.
[About Yellow Fever](https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/yellow-fever.html)
[Yellow Fever Vaccination Centres in Canada](https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/travel-health/yellow-fever.html#select-centre)
Tick-borne encephalitis
[Tick-borne encephalitis](https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/tick-borne-encephalitis.html) (TBE) is a risk in some areas of this destination. It is a viral disease that affects the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). It is spread to humans by the bite of infected ticks or occasionally when unpasteurized milk products are consumed.
Travellers to areas where TBE is found may be at higher risk during April to November, and the risk is highest for people who hike or camp in forested areas.
[Protect yourself from tick bites](https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/insect-bite-prevention.html). The vaccine is not available in Canada. It may be available in the destination you are travelling to.
Measles
Measles is a serious viral infection that spreads easily. It spreads through the air, and can stay in the air for up to 2 hours. You can also get measles by direct contact with an infected person or by touching a surface with the virus on it and then touching your eyes, nose, or mouth before washing your hands.
Getting vaccinated is the best way to protect yourself and others from measles. In Canada, the measles vaccine is part of the routine immunization schedule. If you’re unsure whether you’re protected, talk to a healthcare provider.
**Learn more:**
[Measles](https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/measles.html)
Hepatitis B
[Hepatitis B](https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/hepatitis-b.html) is a risk in every destination. It is a viral liver disease that is easily transmitted from one person to another through exposure to blood and body fluids containing the hepatitis B virus. Travellers who may be exposed to blood or other bodily fluids (e.g., through sexual contact, medical treatment, sharing needles, tattooing, acupuncture or occupational exposure) are at higher risk of getting hepatitis B.
Hepatitis B vaccination is recommended for all travellers. [Prevent hepatitis B](https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/hepatitis-b/prevention-risks.html#a2) infection by practicing safe sex, only using new and sterile drug equipment, and only getting tattoos and piercings in settings that follow public health regulations and standards.
COVID-19
COVID-19 is an infectious viral disease. Most of the time, it spreads when people are in close contact with others who are infected with the virus. It spreads through respiratory particles, or through an infected surface or object.
Vaccination is one of the most important ways to protect yourself from developing serious complications from COVID-19. Talk to a healthcare provider about the COVID-19 vaccine before travelling. Evidence shows that the COVID-19 vaccines used in Canada are very effective at preventing severe illness, hospitalization and death from COVID-19.
In addition to vaccination, use personal protective measures to help protect yourself and others.
**Learn more :**
[Vaccine for COVID-19: How to get vaccinated](https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/coronavirus-disease-covid-19/vaccines/how-vaccinated.html)
[COVID-19: Spread, prevention and risks](https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/2019-novel-coronavirus-infection/prevention-risks.html#p)
Influenza
The best way to protect yourself from seasonal [influenza](https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/flu-influenza.html) (flu) is to get vaccinated every year. [Get the flu shot](https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/flu-influenza/get-your-flu-shot.html) at least 2 weeks before travelling.
The flu occurs worldwide.
- In the Northern Hemisphere, the flu season usually runs from November to April.
- In the Southern Hemisphere, the flu season usually runs between April and October.
- In the tropics, there is flu activity year round.
The flu vaccine available in one hemisphere may only offer partial protection against the flu in the other hemisphere.
The flu virus spreads from person to person when they cough or sneeze or by touching objects and surfaces that have been contaminated with the virus. Clean your hands often and wear a mask if you have a fever or respiratory symptoms.
Rabies
In this destination, [rabies](https://travel.gc.ca/travelling/health-safety/diseases/rabies) may be present in some wildlife species, including bats. Rabies is a deadly disease that spreads to humans primarily through bites or scratches from an infected animal.
If you are bitten or scratched by an animal while travelling, immediately wash the wound with soap and clean water and see a health care professional.
Before travel, discuss rabies vaccination with a health care professional. It may be recommended for travellers who will be working directly with wildlife.
### Safe food and water precautions
Eating or drinking unsafe food or water, or swimming in contaminated water can make you sick while travelling. Take precautions by following these tips:
- Boil it, cook it, peel it, or leave it (only eat food that is prepared safely)
- Avoid, if possible, getting water in your eyes, mouth, or nose when swimming in freshwater (like streams, lakes, or canals), especially after heavy rain or flooding - the water might look clean but can still be contaminated
- Don’t swallow water when bathing, showering, swimming in pools, or using hot tubs
[Eat and drink safely abroad](https://travel.gc.ca/travelling/health-safety/food-water)
### Tick and insect bite prevention
Many diseases are spread by bites from infected ticks and insects like mosquitoes, fleas, or flies. Before you travel, find out what types of ticks or insects are in the area, when they’re most active, and what diseases they can spread.
To protect yourself from bites:
- use an approved bug spray (insect repellent) on exposed skin
- wear light-coloured, loose clothing made of tightly woven materials like nylon or polyester
- wear socks and closed-toe shoes
- sleep under mosquito netting if you’re outdoors or staying in places that aren’t fully enclosed
- do a full body tick check on yourself, your children, your gear, and any pets you’re travelling with when you return from outdoor activities
[Insect bite and pest prevention](https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/insect-bite-prevention.html)
[Personal insect repellents](https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/about-pesticides/insect-repellents.html)
Dengue
- In this country, risk of dengue is sporadic. It is a viral disease spread to humans by mosquito bites.
- Dengue can cause flu-like symptoms. In some cases, it can lead to severe dengue, which can be fatal.
- The level of risk of dengue changes seasonally, and varies from year to year. The level of risk also varies between regions in a country and can depend on the elevation in the region.
- Mosquitoes carrying dengue typically bite during the daytime, particularly around sunrise and sunset.
- Protect yourself from mosquito bites. There is no vaccine or medication available in Canada to prevent dengue.
**Learn more:**
[Dengue](https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/infectious-diseases/viral-haemorrhagic-fevers/dengue-fever.html)
[Insect bite and pest prevention](https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/insect-bite-prevention.html)
Chikungunya
There is a risk of chikungunya in this country. The level of risk may vary by:
- season
- year
- region
- elevation
The virus that causes chikungunya is spread through the bite of an infected mosquito. It can cause fever and pain in the joints. In some cases, the joint pain can be severe and last for months or years.
Protect yourself from mosquito bites at all times.
[Insect bite and pest prevention](https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/insect-bite-prevention.html)
A vaccine for the prevention of chikungunya is approved in Canada. Talk to your healthcare provider about how best to prevent chikungunya, including the benefits and risks of vaccination based on factors such as your age, itinerary and personal preferences.
**Learn more:**
[Chikungunya](https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/chikungunya.html)
Leishmaniasis - Visceral
Visceral leishmaniasis, also called kala azar, can occur in this destination, though the risk is low for most travellers.
The infection spreads through the bite of an infected sandfly. Symptoms can appear weeks or months after infection and may include fever, weight loss, an enlarged liver or spleen, and anaemia. Without treatment, visceral leishmaniasis can be fatal. If you think you might have visceral leishmaniasis, it’s important to speak to a health care provider as soon as possible.
To lower your risk, protect yourself from sandfly bites. Sandflies are most active between sunset and sunrise in rural, forested and some urban areas.
There is no vaccine or medication to prevent infection with the parasite that causes leishmaniasis.
**Learn more:** [Leishmaniasis](https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/leishmaniasis.html)
### Animal precautions
Some infections can spread directly from animals to people, like rabies or bird flu (avian influenza). Others don’t spread directly from animals but can infect people who visit areas animals have contaminated with their droppings or body fluids.
Certain activities can increase your chances of coming into contact with animals, their droppings, or their body fluids, like:
- travelling in rural or forested areas
- camping, hiking, or visiting caves
- visiting places where live animals are sold or killed for food, like wet markets
To reduce your risk of getting sick:
- avoid contact with animals like stray dogs, livestock (such as pigs and cows), monkeys, snakes, rodents, birds, and bats.
- stay away from places where animal waste can build up, such as caves
- avoid eating undercooked meat
Make sure to closely watch children; they are more likely to try to touch animals.
### Person-to-person infections
When travelling, you can reduce your risk of getting or spreading respiratory infections, like the flu or COVID-19, by:
- staying at your accommodation and limiting contact with others if you’re sick
- wearing a well-fitting mask, especially:
- if you’re sick and need to be around others
- when you’re at large indoor events or in crowded settings, like sporting events, concerts, and airports
- cleaning your hands regularly with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, or using hand sanitizer containing at least 60% alcohol
- covering your coughs and sneezes with a tissue or your elbow, not your hands
[Mass gatherings (large-scale events)](https://travel.gc.ca/travelling/health-safety/mass-gatherings)
[Clean your hands to help reduce the spread of infectious diseases](https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/healthy-living/hand-hygiene.html)
[Respiratory infectious diseases: How to reduce the spread with personal protective measures](https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/respiratory-infectious-diseases-reduce-spread-personal-protective-measures.html)
To lower your risk of getting sexually transmissible infections (STIs), HIV, and mpox, you can:
- get vaccinated against mpox if you’re eligible
- practise safer sex methods
- use barrier protection during sexual activity, like condoms and dental dams.
[Mpox vaccines](https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/mpox/symptoms-management.html#a4)
[Sexual health and travel](https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/sexually-transmitted-infections.html)
[HIV and AIDS: Travel health advice](https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/hiv-aids/travel-health-advice.html)
### Medication
Some prescription medications may not be available in Italy.
If you take prescription medications, you’re responsible for determining their legality in Italy.
Medications containing controlled substances are subject to stricter guidelines. You should verify with your doctor if this applies to any of your medications. You must declare any such medications when you arrive in Italy, and you may only bring the amount required for up to a 30-day prescription.
- Bring enough medication for your stay
- Always keep your medication in the original container and carry a copy of your prescriptions
- Pack your medication in your carry-on luggage
[Travelling internationally with medication](https://www.salute.gov.it/portale/medicinaliStupefacenti/dettaglioContenutiMedicinaliStupefacenti.jsp?id=5785&area=sostanzeStupefacenti&menu=sostanze) – Italian Ministry of Health
### Medical services and facilities
Good health care is available throughout the country. However, hospital services may be limited in rural areas. Not all medical staff will be able to speak English or French, but many doctors will. Medical treatment and emergency room visits are free of charge but only for life-threatening emergencies, as determined by the treating physician. Hospitals expect upfront payment for services when an emergency is not considered life-threatening.
There are private clinics and hospitals that cater to foreign travellers.
### Death abroad
If you plan to retire or spend long periods of time in Italy, you should:
- share your plans or wishes with relatives
- make sure important documents can easily be located
- make arrangements in case of your death while in the country
[Death outside Canada](https://travel.gc.ca/assistance/emergency-info/death-abroad)
Make sure you get travel insurance that includes coverage for medical evacuation and hospital stays.
[Health and safety outside Canada](https://travel.gc.ca/travelling/health-safety)
### Keep in Mind...
The decision to travel is the sole responsibility of the traveller. The traveller is also responsible for his or her own personal safety.
Be prepared. Do not expect medical services to be the same as in Canada. Pack a [travel health kit](http://travel.gc.ca/travelling/health-safety/kit), especially if you will be travelling away from major city centres.
[Back to top](https://travel.gc.ca/destinations/italy#wb-cont)
## Laws and culture
You must abide by local laws.
Learn about what you should do and how we can help if you are [arrested or detained abroad](http://travel.gc.ca/assistance/emergency-info/arrest-detention).
### Transfer to a Canadian prison
Canada and Italy are signatories to the Convention on the Transfer of Sentenced Persons. This enables a Canadian imprisoned in Italy to request a transfer to a Canadian prison to complete a sentence. The transfer requires the agreement of both Canadian and Italy authorities.
This process can take a long time, and there is no guarantee that the transfer will be approved by either or both sides.
### Drugs
Penalties for possession, use or trafficking of illegal drugs are severe. Convicted offenders can expect jail sentences or heavy fines.
[Drugs, alcohol and travel](https://travel.gc.ca/travelling/health-safety/drugs)
### Public behaviour
Certain municipalities, particularly those with a high number of visitors, such as Rome, Florence and Venice, have adopted strict public conduct rules. Some actions that may seem inoffensive are illegal and you could face a fine or arrest if you do not respect the rules.
Public conduct rules may include:
- sitting, eating or drinking on a monument or an archaeological landmark
- bathing in fountains or canals
- walking in an urban setting in swimwear or without a shirt/T-shirt
- feeding pigeons
- putting locks on bridges or monuments
- dropping litter or using single-use plastic
### Natural heritage
You should not remove natural objects and plants from their natural setting. You could be fined if you do.
Removing pebbles, shells, or sand from the beaches in Sardinia and other coastal regions is prohibited.
In mountainous areas, it’s illegal to cut certain types of endangered flowers and disturb delicate alpine tundra.
### Photography
Photography of military installations and critical infrastructure is regulated.
Request permission from local authorities before taking photographs of such installations.
### Drones
Italian and European laws regulate recreational and commercial drone operation.
You must register your drone to use it across the European Union and apply for an authorization with the Italian authorities. Depending on the size of your drone and the intended use, you may also need to take a proof of competency exam.
Certain areas are restricted or off-limits for personal drones. These include:
- military sites
- within 5 km of airports
- mass gatherings, including major sporting events and concerts
- protected natural spaces, including natural parks
If you don’t comply, you may be fined and your drone confiscated.
#### Useful links
- [Travelling with drones](https://www.easa.europa.eu/en/light/topics/travelling-drones) \- European Union Aviation Safety Agency
- [Use of drones](https://www.enac.gov.it/sicurezza-aerea/droni) - Italian Civil Aviation Authority (in Italian only)
- [drone operator’s portal](https://www.d-flight.it/new_portal/en/) – D-flight
### Identification
Local authorities may request to see your identification, including your passport, at any time.
- Always carry valid identification
- Keep a photocopy or a digital copy of your identification and passport in case they are lost or stolen
You will need to present your passport when you check-in to a hotel or other commercial accommodation.
Wait at the reception until the hotel staff has taken the required information from your passport and ensure that your passport is returned to you.
### Dual citizenship
Dual citizenship is legally recognized in Italy.
If you are a Canadian citizen, but also a citizen of Italy, our ability to offer you consular services may be limited while you're there. You may also be subject to different [entry/exit requirements](https://travel.gc.ca/destinations/italy#entryexit).
[Dual citizens](http://travel.gc.ca/travelling/documents/dual-citizenship)
### International Child Abduction
The Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction is an international treaty. It can help parents with the return of children who have been removed to or retained in certain countries in violation of custody rights. The convention applies between Canada and Italy.
If your child was wrongfully taken to, or is being held in Italy, and if the applicable conditions are met, you may apply for the return of your child to the Italian court.
If you are in this situation:
- act as quickly as you can
- contact the Central Authority for your province or territory of residence for information on starting an application under The Hague Convention
- consult a lawyer in Canada and in Italy to explore all the legal options for the return of your child
- report the situation to the nearest Canadian government office abroad or to the Vulnerable Children's Consular Unit at Global Affairs Canada by calling the Emergency Watch and Response Centre
If your child was removed from a country other than Canada, consult a lawyer to determine if The Hague Convention applies.
Be aware that Canadian consular officials cannot interfere in private legal matters or in another country's judicial affairs.
#### Useful links
- [List of Canadian Central Authorities for the Hague Convention](https://www.hcch.net/en/states/authorities/details3/?aid=75)
- [International Child Abductions: A guide for affected parents](https://travel.gc.ca/travelling/publications/international-child-abductions)
- [Children and travel](https://travel.gc.ca/travelling/children)
- [The Hague Convention](https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/full-text/?cid=24) – Hague Conference on Private International Law
- [Canadian embassies and consulates by destination](https://travel.gc.ca/assistance/embassies-consulates)
- [Request emergency assistance](https://travel.gc.ca/assistance/emergency-assistance?_ga)
### Driving
You may drive for up to one year with a valid Canadian driver’s licence, accompanied by an international driving permit or a certified Italian translation of your licence.
You must also have an international car insurance plan.
If you drive a foreign-registered car, you must display a sticker indicating its country of origin on the back of the car. It’s illegal to drive a vehicle registered abroad for more than 60 days. If you plan to stay in Italy for more than 60 days, you must obtain Italian plates.
#### Mandatory equipment
You must keep certain safety equipment in your car at all times, including a warning triangle and reflective jacket.
You must use snow tires or snow chains in certain regions during certain times of the year. If you plan to drive in the winter, you should verify in advance if your vehicle will require snow tires or chains. Pay attention to road signage during the winter, especially in mountainous regions.
#### Limited traffic zones and low-emission zones
Historic centres of many Italian cities have restricted traffic zones marked as ZTL. “Zona Traffico Limitato”, or low-emission zones, to reduce air pollution.
You need a special permit to access limited traffic zones. To be granted access to a low-emission zone, your car must meet certain environmental standards.
If you enter these zones without a permit, you could be fined. If you’re driving a rented vehicle, the rental agency may provide your contact details to the local authorities.
Some municipalities use the services of a private company to collect the fines abroad. You could receive traffic tickets by mail several months after returning to Canada.
- Pay close attention to street signage
- Confirm in advance how to access your hotel by vehicle if it’s located in a ZTL
### Regional regulations
Certain islands restrict or prohibit non-resident vehicles during the high tourism season and holiday season. These include:
- the Aeolian Islands (Alicudi, Filicudi, Lipari, Panarea, Salina, Stromboli, Vulcano)
- the Aegadian Islands (Favignana)
- the Campanian Archipelago (Capri, Ischia, Procida)
- the Pelagie Islands (Linosa)
- the Tuscan Archipelago (Giannutri, Giglio)
- Ustica
Other islands could enforce similar regulations. Confirm before travelling.
On route 163 of the Amalfi Coast, between Positano and Vietri sul Mare, it’s prohibited to use campervans or large recreational vehicles.
#### Useful links
- [Road rules and safety](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/travel/driving-abroad/road-rules-and-safety/) – European Commission
- [International Driving Permit](https://travel.gc.ca/travelling/documents/international-driving-permit)
### Public transportation
You must validate your tickets on public transport before you start your journey, or pay on-board where possible to do so. If you don’t validate your ticket, you may receive an on-the-spot fine.
### Money
The currency of Italy is the euro (EUR).
Payment in cash is restricted to transactions under €1000.
If you are carrying €10,000 or more, or the equivalent in other currencies or monetary instruments, you must make a declaration to customs when you enter or leave the European Union.
This does not apply if you are travelling within the European Union or in transit to a non-EU country.
[EU Cash Controls](https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs/prohibitions-restrictions/eu-cash-controls_en) – European Commission
[Back to top](https://travel.gc.ca/destinations/italy#wb-cont)
## Natural disasters and climate
### Climate change
Climate change is affecting Italy. Extreme and unusual weather events are becoming more frequent and may affect your travel plans. Monitor local media for the latest information.
### Earthquakes
Italy is located in an active seismic zone. Even minor earthquakes can cause significant damage.
### Volcanoes
There are nine active volcanoes in Italy.
If you are travelling near active volcanoes:
- monitor levels of volcanic activity through the local media
- pay careful attention to all warnings issued
- follow the advice of local authorities
- be prepared to modify your travel arrangements or even evacuate the area on short notice
Some active volcanoes are continually monitored by Italian authorities and are located near densely populated urban areas or popular tourist destinations.
#### Sicily
Mount Etna is Europe’s most active volcano. Periods of high activity can bring significant ash fall, earthquakes and emission of harmful gases.
#### Aeolian Islands
The Stromboli and Vulcano islands are active volcanoes. Eruptions, ash fall and lava flow occur regularly.
#### Campania region
Mount Vesuvius and the Phlegraean Fields in the Naples area are active volcanoes.
#### Useful links
- [Information on active volcanoes](https://www.ingv.it/it/dati-in-tempo-reale-vulcani-maps) - Italian National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology (in Italian only)
- [Information on seismic activity in Italy](https://rischi.protezionecivile.gov.it/en/seismic-0) - Italian Civil Protection Department
### Wildfires
Forest and maquis fires often occur during the summer months, particularly in Sicily, Calabria and Sardinia.
The air quality in areas near active fires may deteriorate due to heavy smoke.
In case of a major fire:
- stay away from the affected area, particularly if you suffer from respiratory ailments
- follow the instructions of local emergency services personnel, including evacuation orders
- monitor local media for up-to-date information on the situation
[Fire risk](https://rischi.protezionecivile.it/en/sezione-con-anticipazioni/fire-risk/ "Italian Civil Protection Department") - Italian Civil Protection Department
### Flooding and landslides
Heavy rains, particularly in the fall and winter, can cause severe flooding and landslides. Roads may become impassable, and infrastructure damaged.
Venice, in Veneto Region, sees tidal flooding known as “acqua alta,” particularly in the fall and spring. The city of Venice maintains a warning system for tidal flooding, and local authorities may install raised or floating platforms to allow pedestrians to cross low-lying areas.
The Italian Civil Protection Department publishes weather alerts on its website.
- Exercise caution, particularly around major rivers
- Stay informed of the latest regional weather forecasts
- Follow the instructions of local authorities, including evacuation orders
#### Useful links
- [Latest alerts](https://www.protezionecivile.gov.it/en/) \- Italian Civil Protection Department
- [Tidal forecast](https://www.comune.venezia.it/it/content/centro-previsioni-e-segnalazioni-maree) - City of Venice (in Italian only)
- [Interpreting tidal forecast](https://www.comune.venezia.it/it/node/7454) - City of Venice
### Avalanches
In mountainous areas, avalanches present a risk and could result in fatalities. They often make roads impassable and cause power disruptions. These conditions can affect access to isolated areas, including tourist resorts, and limit the ability of emergency services to respond.
If you plan on skiing or mountaineering:
- stay informed of weather and safety conditions
- follow the instructions of local authorities
[Avalanche Forecast](https://bollettini-en.aineva.it/bulletin/latest) – AINEVA (Interregional Association for coordination and documentation of snow and avalanche problems)
[Back to top](https://travel.gc.ca/destinations/italy#wb-cont)
## Need help?
### Local services
Emergency services
Dial 112 for emergency assistance.
### Consular assistance
**Rome** - Embassy of Canada
**Milan** - Consulate of Canada
For emergency consular assistance, call the Embassy of Canada in Rome and follow the instructions. At any time, you may also contact the [Emergency Watch and Response Centre](http://travel.gc.ca/assistance/emergency-assistance) in Ottawa.
### Disclaimer
The decision to travel is your choice and you are responsible for your personal safety abroad. We take the safety and security of Canadians abroad very seriously and provide credible and timely information in our Travel Advice to enable you to make well-informed decisions regarding your travel abroad.
The content on this page is provided for information only. While we make every effort to give you correct information, it is provided on an "as is" basis without warranty of any kind, expressed or implied. The Government of Canada does not assume responsibility and will not be liable for any damages in connection to the information provided.
If you need consular assistance while abroad, we will make every effort to help you. However, there may be constraints that will limit the ability of the Government of Canada to provide services.
Learn more about [consular services](https://travel.gc.ca/assistance/emergency-info/consular/canadian-consular-services-charter). |
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