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1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 72 (from laksa156)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa072.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk/blog/10-of-the-rarest-mental-health-disorders/\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk/blog/10-of-the-rarest-mental-health-disorders/\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/10-of-the-rarest-mental-health-disorders\/","crawl_time":1776175702,"first_indexed_time":1639769121,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"uk,co,theprivatetherapyclinic!\/blog\/10-of-the-rarest-mental-health-disorders\/ s443","src_root_hash":"2325565954095926272","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"10 of the Rarest Mental Health Disorders | Private Therapy Clinic","meta_descriptions":["There are mental health disorders rarely talked about in the mainstream. Curious? Keep reading to discover the full list."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"We all have a pretty good idea of what mental health disorders like depression and anxiety look like. Approximately 13% of the world’s population suffer from some kind of mental disorder. That’s roughly 971 million people. But did you know there’s actually an entire spectrum of mental health disorders that are far removed from what you hear about in the mainstream they seem like the stuff fantasy?\nHere are ten rare mental health disorders you never heard of…\n1. Alice in Wonderland Syndrome\nAnd in many ways, this \nis\n really drawing on the fantastical. Although it has no direct link to the actual source material, Alice in Wonderland Syndrome is very real and causes you to experience temporary episodes of distorted perception and disorientation. The name comes from the fact you may feel either larger or smaller than you really are… The room you’re in may also seem to shift and feel either closer or further away than it really is. But these aren’t hallucinations. These experiences are caused by changes in how your brain perceives your environment. And it doesn’t just affect your perception – it can \nand\ndoes affect multiple senses and that includes your vision, touch, and hearing. Time can also become distorted as well – either speeding up or slowing down. It tends only to affect young adults, as most people tend to grow out of it by the time they reach adulthood. Although cases still aren’t totally unheard of…\n2. Erotomania\nAKA de Clerambault Syndrome falls in the category of delusional disorders. In other words, it’s a form of psychosis, which, in this case, leads people to believe that a figure who isn’t in their life – and they may never even have met before – is in love with them. In many cases, this can be a public figure or celebrity. And while it is \ndefinitely\n the work of fantasy and infatuation with no real grounding, the people having these ‘feelings’ believe they’re \nabsolutely\nreal. The actual cause of the condition isn’t exactly clear, and as with all mental health disorders the way it manifests will be very circumstantial and dependent on that person’s environmental influences, current mental state and baseline personality. In the cases that\nhave \nbeen recorded, it was discovered that erotomania isn’t a static condition. It\n can \npresent by itself, but it’s also be shown to present as a symptom of more serious mental health disorders such as:\nSchizophrenia\nMajor Depressive Disorder\nBipolar\nAlzheimer’s\nSome psychologists have even suggested that social media platforms such as Twitter, Instagram and YouTube can exacerbate the condition, as it breaks down the barrier between people who would otherwise be disconnected. It creates a false sense of kinship, and a sense of connection that the emotional vulnerable latch onto in their time of need. This has been backed up by several studies that suggest the attachment observed in erotomania is a form of coping mechanism for managing severe stress.\n3. Alien Hand Syndrome\nNow, keeping on the theme of fantasy, we’re venturing into the realms of sci-fi with this one. Alien hand syndrome is a neurological condition that causes your hand to act of its own free will. Basically, the hand acts free of the mind and will move completely independently and out of sync with what the rest of the body is trying to do. It can make the hand feel as though it’s not a part of the body and like it’s a foreign object. Hence the name… And although it can affect children, cases are mostly confined to adults. It can also be referred to as Dr Strangelone syndrome, Strangelovian hand, or archaic hand. As for how it’s caused… There are several factors at play. Some of the main causes include:\nDevelopment as a side effect of a stroke, trauma, or tumour\nAn effect of some types of cancer\nNeurodegenerative disease\nBrain aneurysms\nAnd some of the symptoms include:\nThe inability to control the hand\nThe affected hand trying to perform goal-directed tasks or actions\nThe hand moving without cognitive input or awareness\nEngaging in self-oppositional tasks (i.e closing a door you just opened)\nBeing uncooperative with tasks that require both hands\n4. Factitious Disorder \nPeople who suffer from this condition will deliberately attempt to fabricate signs of physical illness or injury to receive medical treatment and\/or care and attention within a medical setting. And that’s the goal here, there’s no practical benefit from receiving attention. It’s mainly psychological. Although in some cases, people will receive unnecessary surgeries. But that’s not to take anything away from its seriousness. Those who experience it often endure quite severe emotional difficulties and are at high risk of attempting to harm themselves so they can gain more treatment. There are two types of factitious disorder:\nThe first is:\nSelf-imposed factious disorder:\nThis involves falsifying psychological or physical symptoms. So for example, a person may mimic behaviour typical of let’s say schizophrenia. They’ll report all the associated signs and symptoms. But they’ll actually experience none of them.\nFactitious Disorder Imposed on another:\nPeople with this variant will produce or fabricate symptoms of those who’re under their care. So, for example, elderly people, children, or the disabled. It most often occurs in mother’s who may harm their child to gain attention.\nFactitious disorder tends to affect less than 0.5% of the population.\n5. Capgras Syndrome\nAlso known as ‘imposter syndrome’ or Capgras Delusion. People with this mental health condition believe that someone in their life that plays a significant role what been replaced with an imposter. And this inevitably leads them to accuse ‘said-person,’ whether it be a relative, friend, or co-worker of not being who they are mean to be. Again, as with erotomania, it can present as an individuated case. But it’s also been known to present as a symptom of:\nAlzheimer’s\nDementia\nSchizophrenia\nEpilepsy\nHowever, there’s still no agreed-upon cause of how Capgras syndrome develops. Some researchers believe it’s a neurological issue in the brain, caused by either atrophy, lesions, or cerebral dysfunction. While, on the other hand, others believe that it’s a combination of physical and cognitive changes. With yet another theory stating it’s a problem with perception linked to damaged or missing memories.\n6. Apotemnophilia\nAnd this one might send a few shivers up your spine… If you’re unfamiliar with the condition, Apotemnophilia also known as body integrity disorder or amputee identity disorder is a neurological condition. Its defining characteristic is the overwhelming desire to either amputate or damage healthy parts of the body, which can also be known as ‘self-demand amputation.’ Compared to the other mental health disorders on this list, there isn’t a great deal that’s known about it. The first known case that was reported dates back to 1933 in medical journals citing, “erotically-obsessed persons who wanted to become amputees themselves.” The firt actual scientific report only appeared in 1977. The cause is still unknown at this point, although it’s speculated that it could be a result of psychiatric etiology, which refers to a “pathological desire driven by sexual compulsion.” However, recent developments have also offered a neurological explanation, which says the condition could be the result of dysfunction within the right parietal lobe.\n7. Stendhal Syndrome\nThe next condition is perhaps something that might be used as a gag in a sitcom. But it is, however, a very real thing. Stendhal Syndrome is describe someone who experiences\nPhysical and or emotional anxiety\n,\nPanic attacks\n,\nDissociate experiences \nHallucinations\nWhen exposed to art… But not just any art… The symptoms are most often triggers by “art that is perceived as particularly beautiful or when the individual is exposed to large quantities of art that are concentrated in a single place.” So for that, read:\nMuseums\nGallerys\nExhibitions\nSurprisingly, the syndrome has a fairly long history and was first coined in 1989 by an Italian psychiatrist, although reports of artwork causing distress date all the way back to the 1800s.\n8. Visual Snow Syndrome\nAlso, known as visual static or persistent positive visual phenomena. It describes a condition that will cause you to see continuous flickering white dots within your entire field of vision. These are the snow or static we just mentioned. These dots are usually blank and white, but also present as flashing, colour or even transparent.\nThe visual symptoms include:\nFloaters\nFlashes of light\nCompromised night vision\nColour swirls\nA consistent imprinted image\nSensitivity to light.\nAnd then there’s alas a non-visual set of symptoms, which include:\nMigraines\nTinnitus (Ringing in the ears)\nVertigo\nFatigue\nTremors\nAnxiety\nDepression\nNo one is entirely certain how this condition develops, but the best research done so far, indicates it’s perhaps a complex neurological condition. As for recorded cases, there isn’t a great deal of information with it being such a new diagnosis. And to date, there have only been around 200 cases worldwide\n9. Folie a Deux\nFolie a Deux is almost like something from a supernatural thriller. Also known as shared delusion or shared psychotic disorder, it occurs when an otherwise mental stable person takes on the symptoms of someone close to them who’s suffering from a psychotics disorder such as schizophrenia. For example, let’s say your partner has a psychotic disorder, which causes her to think that she’s being haunted by ghosts. If you have shared decisional disorder, you too will believe that you’re also being haunted by ghosts. However, the condition only tends to occur in long-term relationships in which the person with the psychotic disorder is dominant and the other partner is passive.\nShared psychotic disorders have also been known to happen in groups where there’s close involvement with a psychotic person. This variant is called folie a plusiers or the ‘the madness of many.’ An example of this would be if a cult leader happened to be psychotic, his followers may then take on his\/her delusions.\n10. Reduplicative Amnesia\nReduplicative Amnesia is very similar to Capgras syndrome. But in this case, instead of believing that people have been replaced with doubles, in those with Reduplicative Amnesia, they believe that their entire location has been duplicated. The way this manifests can vary, and it’s often been attributed to severe head trauma that creates a dissociate-type effect between the individual and their environment. The condition was first documented back in 1903 by psychiatrist Arnold Pick, with a patient with suspected Alzheimer’s. The woman in question insisted that she’d been moved from Pick’s city clinic to one that was identical but located in a familiar suburb. Today, the condition is sometimes observed in people who may be suffering from:\nAlzheimer’s\nBrain Tumours\nDementia\nBrian Injury\nPsychiatric disorders","attrs_markdown":"[Skip to content](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/10-of-the-rarest-mental-health-disorders\/#content)\n\nContact us: 9am-9pm\n\nContact\n\n[\\+4420 3887 2866](tel:+442038872866) If we miss your call please leave a voicemail and we will typically get back to you on the same day.\n\nReach us via [email](mailto:info@privatetherapyclinic.com), chatbot or [WhatsApp messages](https:\/\/wa.me\/+447511116565)\n\nReach us on WhatsApp messages only: [\\+447511116565](https:\/\/wa.me\/+447511116565)Appointment times: Monday - Sunday: 7 AM-11 PM.Contact us: 9am-9pmAppointment times: Monday - Sunday: 7 AM-11 PM.\n\n![UK Flag](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/dt-the7-child\/videos\/05\/gb.svg)  \n UK\n\nUnited Arab Emirates - AE\n\nUnited Kingdom - UK\n\nIreland - IE\n\n[X page opens in new window](https:\/\/twitter.com\/Private_Therapy \"X page opens in new window\")[YouTube page opens in new window](https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/PrivateTherapyClinic \"YouTube page opens in new window\")[Linkedin page opens in new window](https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/2363064?trk=tyah%3D \"Linkedin page opens in new window\")[Instagram page opens in new window](https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/privatetherapyclinic\/ \"Instagram page opens in new window\")[Facebook page opens in new window](https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/PrivateTherapyClinic \"Facebook page opens in new window\")\n\n[X page opens in new window](https:\/\/twitter.com\/Private_Therapy \"X page opens in new window\")[YouTube page opens in new window](https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/PrivateTherapyClinic \"YouTube page opens in new window\")[Linkedin page opens in new window](https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/2363064?trk=tyah%3D \"Linkedin page opens in new window\")[Instagram page opens in new window](https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/privatetherapyclinic\/ \"Instagram page opens in new window\")[Facebook page opens in new window](https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/PrivateTherapyClinic \"Facebook page opens in new window\")\n\n[Book Online](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/book-online\/)\n\nPrivate Therapy Clinic\n\nPsychologist & Psychotherapy in London\n\n[![Private Therapy Clinic](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/PrivateTherapy_Logo-1.png)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/)\n\n- [Home](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/)\n- [About](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/about\/)\n  - 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[Bereavement](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/bereavement\/)\n    - [Grief](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/grief-and-loss-therapy\/)\n  - [LGBTQ+ and Identity](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/10-of-the-rarest-mental-health-disorders\/)\n    - [LGBT](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/lgbt\/)\n  - [Mood and Personality Disorders](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/10-of-the-rarest-mental-health-disorders\/)\n    - [Bipolar Disorder](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/bipolar-disorder\/)\n    - [Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/borderline-personality-disorder\/)\n    - [Mood Related Difficulties](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/mood-related-difficulties\/)\n    - [Narcissistic Personality Disorder](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/narcissistic-personality-disorder\/)\n    - [Paranoid personality disorder](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/paranoid-personality-disorder\/)\n    - [Personality Disorders (PD)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/personality-disorders\/)\n  - [Neurodevelopmental and Learning Disorders](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/10-of-the-rarest-mental-health-disorders\/)\n    - [ADHD\/ADD](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/attention-deficit-disorder\/)\n    - [Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/autism-spectrum-disorder\/)\n    - [Dyscalculia Assessment](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/dyscalculia\/)\n    - [Dysgraphia Assessment](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/dysgraphia\/)\n    - [Dyslexia](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/dyslexia\/)\n    - [Learning difficulties](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/learning-difficulties\/)\n    - [Neurobehavioral Disorders Treatment](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/neurobehavioral-disorders-treatment\/)\n  - [Other Psychological Conditions](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/10-of-the-rarest-mental-health-disorders\/)\n    - 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[Distress & Crisis information](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/distress-crisis-information\/)\n    - [Obsessive Compulsive Disorders](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/obsessive-compulsive-disorder\/)\n    - [Pain Management](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/pain-management\/)\n    - [Post Natal Depression (PND)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/postnatal-depression-treatment\/)\n    - [Tics And Tourette’s Syndrome](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/tics-and-tourette-syndrome-treatment\/)\n  - [Psychotic and Severe Mental Health Conditions](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/10-of-the-rarest-mental-health-disorders\/)\n    - [Paranoia, Schizophrenia and Psychosis](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/paranoia\/)\n    - [Munchausen Syndrome](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/munchausen-syndrome\/)\n  - [Self-esteem and Emotional Issues](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/10-of-the-rarest-mental-health-disorders\/)\n    - 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[Psychodynamic Psychotherapy](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/services\/psychodynamic-therapy\/)\n  - [Psychological Testing & Reports](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/services\/psychometric-testing\/)\n  - [Psychologist](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/services\/psychologist\/)\n  - [Psychologist for media work](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/about\/media\/)\n  - [Psychotherapist](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/services\/psychotherapy\/)\n  - [QbCheck](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/services\/qbcheck\/)\n  - [Right To Choose](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/services\/right-to-choose\/)\n  - [Schema Therapy](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/services\/schema-therapy\/)\n  - [Short-term Dynamic Psychotherapy (ISTDP)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/services\/short-term-dynamic-psychotherapy\/)\n  - [Solution-focused Therapy](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/services\/solution-focused-therapy\/)\n  - [Systemic Therapy](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/services\/systemic-therapy\/)\n  - [Therapy Rooms to Rent](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/services\/therapy-rooms-for-hire\/)\n  - [UK Test Exemption](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/services\/life-in-the-uk-test-exemption\/)\n  - [Workshops](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/services\/trauma-focused-cbt-workshop\/)\n- [Issues](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/)\n  - [All Issues](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/)\n  - [Academic and Student Support](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/10-of-the-rarest-mental-health-disorders\/)\n    - [Reports for Students with Mental Health Difficulties](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/students-mental-health-difficulties\/)\n  - [Addictions and Compulsive Behaviours](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/10-of-the-rarest-mental-health-disorders\/)\n    - [Addictions Treatment](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/addictions\/)\n    - [Alcohol Addiction Treatment](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/alcohol-addiction-treatment\/)\n    - [Binge Drinking](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/binge-drinking\/)\n    - [Gambling Addiction](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/gambling-addiction\/)\n    - [Pornography Addiction Treatment](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/pornography-addiction\/)\n    - [Sex Addiction](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/sex-addiction\/)\n    - [Smoking Cessation](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/quitting-smoking\/)\n    - [Substance Abuse](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/substance-abuse-treatment\/)\n  - [Anger, Impulse and Behavioural Disorders](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/10-of-the-rarest-mental-health-disorders\/)\n    - [Anger Management](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/anger-management-counselling\/)\n    - [Impulse control disorders](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/impulse-control-disorders\/)\n    - [Limerence](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/limerence\/)\n    - [Trichotillomania Treatment](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/trichotillomania-treatment\/)\n  - [Anxiety and Stress-Related Conditions](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/10-of-the-rarest-mental-health-disorders\/)\n    - [Anxiety](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/anxiety\/)\n    - [Depersonalisation and Derealisation (DPDR)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/depersonalisation-and-derealisation-from-anxiety\/)\n    - [Fear of Public Speaking](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/fear-public-speaking\/)\n    - [GAD](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/generalised-anxiety-disorder\/)\n    - [Health anxiety](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/health-anxiety\/)\n    - [Panic Attacks](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/panic-attacks\/)\n    - [Perfectionism](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/perfectionism\/)\n    - [Phobias](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/phobia-treatment\/)\n    - [Social Anxiety](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/social-anxiety\/)\n    - [Stress](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/stress-management\/)\n  - [Eating and Body Image Disorders](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/10-of-the-rarest-mental-health-disorders\/)\n    - [Anorexia](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/anorexia\/)\n    - [Binge Eating Disorder](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/binge-eating-disorder\/)\n    - [Body Dysmorphic Disorder](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/body-dysmorphic-disorder\/)\n    - [Bulimia Treatment](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/bulimia-treatment\/)\n    - [Eating Disorders](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/eating-disorders\/)\n    - [Weight Loss](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/weight-loss\/)\n  - [Grief, Loss and Bereavement](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/10-of-the-rarest-mental-health-disorders\/)\n    - [Bereavement](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/bereavement\/)\n    - [Grief](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/grief-and-loss-therapy\/)\n  - [LGBTQ+ and Identity](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/10-of-the-rarest-mental-health-disorders\/)\n    - [LGBT](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/lgbt\/)\n  - [Mood and Personality Disorders](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/10-of-the-rarest-mental-health-disorders\/)\n    - [Bipolar Disorder](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/bipolar-disorder\/)\n    - [Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/borderline-personality-disorder\/)\n    - [Mood Related Difficulties](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/mood-related-difficulties\/)\n    - [Narcissistic Personality Disorder](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/narcissistic-personality-disorder\/)\n    - [Paranoid personality disorder](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/paranoid-personality-disorder\/)\n    - [Personality Disorders (PD)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/personality-disorders\/)\n  - [Neurodevelopmental and Learning Disorders](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/10-of-the-rarest-mental-health-disorders\/)\n    - [ADHD\/ADD](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/attention-deficit-disorder\/)\n    - [Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/autism-spectrum-disorder\/)\n    - [Dyscalculia Assessment](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/dyscalculia\/)\n    - [Dysgraphia Assessment](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/dysgraphia\/)\n    - [Dyslexia](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/dyslexia\/)\n    - [Learning difficulties](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/learning-difficulties\/)\n    - [Neurobehavioral Disorders Treatment](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/neurobehavioral-disorders-treatment\/)\n  - [Other Psychological Conditions](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/10-of-the-rarest-mental-health-disorders\/)\n    - [Dementia Assessment](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/dementia\/)\n    - [Dissociation](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/dissociation\/)\n    - [Selective Mutism](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/selective-mutism\/)\n    - [Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/seasonal-affective-disorder-sad\/)\n    - [Psychosomatic Symptoms](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/psychosomatic-symptoms\/)\n    - [Physical conditions treatment](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/physical-conditions-treatment\/)\n    - [Codependency](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/codependency\/)\n    - [Depression](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/depression\/)\n    - [Developmental disorders](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/learning-difficulties\/)\n    - [Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/services\/dissociative-identity-disorder-treatment\/)\n    - [Distress & Crisis information](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/distress-crisis-information\/)\n    - [Obsessive Compulsive Disorders](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/obsessive-compulsive-disorder\/)\n    - [Pain Management](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/pain-management\/)\n    - [Post Natal Depression (PND)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/postnatal-depression-treatment\/)\n    - [Tics And Tourette’s Syndrome](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/tics-and-tourette-syndrome-treatment\/)\n  - [Psychotic and Severe Mental Health Conditions](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/10-of-the-rarest-mental-health-disorders\/)\n    - [Paranoia, Schizophrenia and Psychosis](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/paranoia\/)\n    - [Munchausen Syndrome](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/munchausen-syndrome\/)\n  - [Self-esteem and Emotional Issues](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/10-of-the-rarest-mental-health-disorders\/)\n    - [Emotional difficulties](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/emotional-issues\/)\n    - [Jealousy](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/jealousy\/)\n    - [Narcissistic Abuse](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/narcissistic-abuse\/)\n    - [Self Harm](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/self-harm\/)\n    - [Self-esteem related issues](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/self-esteem-related-issues\/)\n    - [Shame](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/shame\/)\n  - [Sexual Health and Relationship Issues](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/10-of-the-rarest-mental-health-disorders\/)\n    - [Erectile dysfunction treatment](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/erectile-dysfunction-treatment\/)\n    - [Gender Dysphoria and Transgender Issues](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/gender-dysphoria-and-transgender-issues\/)\n    - [Infidelity](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/infidelity\/)\n    - [Loss of Libido](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/loss-of-libido\/)\n    - [Premature Ejaculation (PE)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/premature-ejaculation-treatment\/)\n    - [Psychosexual Disorders](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/psychosexual-disorders\/)\n    - [Relationship Break up](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/recovering-from-a-relationship-breakup\/)\n    - [Relationship Issues](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/relationship-issues\/)\n    - [Sexual Abuse \/ Rape](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/sexual-abuse-rape\/)\n    - [Vaginismus Treatment](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/vaginismus-treatment\/)\n  - [Sleep and Fatigue](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/10-of-the-rarest-mental-health-disorders\/)\n    - [Chronic Fatigue Syndrome](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/chronic-fatigue-syndrome\/)\n    - [Insomnia](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/insomnia-treatment\/)\n    - [Sleep Disorders](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/sleep-disorders\/)\n  - [Trauma and PTSD](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/10-of-the-rarest-mental-health-disorders\/)\n    - [Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/post-traumatic-stress-disorder\/)\n    - [Psychological Treatment for Medical Trauma](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/psychological-treatment-for-medical-trauma\/)\n- [Therapists](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/therapists\/)\n  - [Therapists](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/therapists\/)\n  - [Agata Podstepska](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/therapists\/agata-podstepska\/)\n  - [Aleksandra Malanska](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/therapists\/aleksandra-malanska\/)\n  - [Arjeta Ujkani](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/therapists\/arjeta-ujkani\/)\n  - [Debasmita Nag](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/therapists\/debasmita-nag\/)\n  - [Dina Hajdini](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/therapists\/dina-hajdini\/)\n  - [Dilek Aygun](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/therapists\/dilek-aygunn\/)\n  - [Dr. Anthony Newton](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/therapists\/anthony-newton\/)\n  - [Dr. Becky Spelman](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/therapists\/dr-becky-spelman\/)\n  - [Dr. Daria Radsulter](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/therapists\/daria-radsulter\/)\n  - [Dr. Kate Ryan](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/therapists\/dr-kate-ryan\/)\n  - [Dr. Leon Outar](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/therapists\/leon-outar\/)\n  - [Dr. Olga Preston](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/therapists\/dr-olga-preston\/)\n  - [Dr. Vjosa Hyseni](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/therapists\/vjosa-hyseni\/)\n  - [Edward Fisher](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/therapists\/edward-fisher\/)\n  - [Ellie Vincent](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/therapists\/ellie-vincent\/)\n  - [Housam Ebrahim](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/therapists\/housam-ebrahim\/)\n  - [Iram Siddiqui](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/therapists\/iram-siddiqui\/)\n  - [Isabelle Francke](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/therapists\/isabelle-francke\/)\n  - [Letizia De Mori](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/therapists\/letizia-de-mori\/)\n  - [Lillie Spencer Fletcher](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/therapists\/lillie-spencer-fletcher\/)\n  - [Luiza Emini](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/therapists\/luiza-emini\/)\n  - [Marios Georgiou](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/therapists\/marios-georgiou\/)\n  - [Marta M. Pires](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/therapists\/marta-m-pires\/)\n  - [Marta Drzewiczewska](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/therapists\/marta-drzewiczewska\/)\n  - [Meadhbh Raftery](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/therapists\/meadhbh-raftery\/)\n  - [Nazia Uddin](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/therapists\/nazia-uddin\/)\n  - [Saskia Huntley-Fernandes](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/therapists\/saskia-huntley\/)\n  - [Sofiia Chuhunova](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/therapists\/sofiia-chuhunova\/)\n  - [Tara McCloskey](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/therapists\/tara-mccloskey\/)\n- [Psychiatrists](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/psychiatrists\/)\n  - [Dr. Alex Pavlovic](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/psychiatrists\/dr-alex-pavlovic\/)\n  - [Dr. Daniela Herescu](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/psychiatrists\/dr-daniela-herescu\/)\n  - [Dr. Dinesh Kannan](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/psychiatrists\/dinesh-kannan\/)\n  - [Dr. Hina Rauf](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/psychiatrists\/dr-hina-rauf\/)\n  - [Dr. Modupe Imasogie](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/psychiatrists\/dr-modupe-imasogie\/)\n  - [Dr. Raja Natarajan](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/psychiatrists\/dr-raja-natarajan\/)\n  - [Professor Ahmed Hankir](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/psychiatrists\/prof-ahmed-hankir\/)\n- [Resources](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/)\n  - [Blog](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/)\n  - [Podcast](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/podcast\/)\n  - [Videos](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/category\/video\/)\n  - [Psych Tests](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/services\/free-psychological-tests\/)\n  - [Mental Health Supplements](https:\/\/www.drbeckyshop.com\/)\n- [Contact](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/contact\/)\n\nContact\n\n[\\+4420 3887 2866](tel:+442038872866) If we miss your call please leave a voicemail and we will typically get back to you on the same day.\n\nReach us via [email](mailto:info@privatetherapyclinic.com), chatbot or [WhatsApp messages](https:\/\/wa.me\/+447511116565)\n\nReach us on WhatsApp messages only: [\\+447511116565](https:\/\/wa.me\/+447511116565)Appointment times: Monday - Sunday: 7 AM-11 PM.\n\n[X page opens in new window](https:\/\/twitter.com\/Private_Therapy \"X page opens in new window\")[YouTube page opens in new window](https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/PrivateTherapyClinic \"YouTube page opens in new window\")[Linkedin page opens in new window](https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/2363064?trk=tyah%3D \"Linkedin page opens in new window\")[Instagram page opens in new window](https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/privatetherapyclinic\/ \"Instagram page opens in new window\")[Facebook page opens in new window](https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/PrivateTherapyClinic \"Facebook page opens in new window\")\n\n[Book Online](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/book-online\/)\n\n[Visit AE Website ![AE Flag](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/dt-the7-child\/videos\/05\/ae.svg)![AE Flag](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/dt-the7-child\/videos\/05\/ae.svg)](https:\/\/privatetherapyclinic.ae\/)\n\n[Visit UK Website ![UK Flag](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/dt-the7-child\/videos\/05\/gb.svg)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/10-of-the-rarest-mental-health-disorders\/)\n\n[Visit IE Website ![IE Flag](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/dt-the7-child\/videos\/05\/ie.svg)![IE Flag](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/dt-the7-child\/videos\/05\/ie.svg)](https:\/\/privatetherapyclinic.ie\/)\n\n# 10 of the Rarest Mental Health Disorders (And What They Look Like)\n1. [Home](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/)\n2. [Blog](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/)\n3. 10 of the Rarest Mental Health Disorders (And What They Look Like)\n\nTable of Contents\n\n- 1\\. Alice in Wonderland Syndrome\n- 2\\. Erotomania\n- 3\\. Alien Hand Syndrome\n- 4\\. Factitious Disorder\n- 5\\. Capgras Syndrome\n- 6\\. Apotemnophilia\n- 7\\. Stendhal Syndrome\n- 8\\. Visual Snow Syndrome\n- 9\\. Folie a Deux\n- 10\\. Reduplicative Amnesia\n\n[View all](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/10-of-the-rarest-mental-health-disorders\/)\n\n![10 of the Rarest Mental Health Disorders \\| Private Therapy Clinic](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Rare-mental-health-disorders-Slider-Template-1024x394.jpg)\n\nWe all have a pretty good idea of what mental health disorders like depression and anxiety look like. Approximately 13% of the world’s population suffer from some kind of mental disorder. That’s roughly 971 million people. But did you know there’s actually an entire spectrum of mental health disorders that are far removed from what you hear about in the mainstream they seem like the stuff fantasy?\n\nHere are ten rare mental health disorders you never heard of…\n\n## 1\\. Alice in Wonderland Syndrome\nAnd in many ways, this *is* really drawing on the fantastical. Although it has no direct link to the actual source material, Alice in Wonderland Syndrome is very real and causes you to experience temporary episodes of distorted perception and disorientation. The name comes from the fact you may feel either larger or smaller than you really are… The room you’re in may also seem to shift and feel either closer or further away than it really is. But these aren’t hallucinations. These experiences are caused by changes in how your brain perceives your environment. And it doesn’t just affect your perception – it can *and* does affect multiple senses and that includes your vision, touch, and hearing. Time can also become distorted as well – either speeding up or slowing down. It tends only to affect young adults, as most people tend to grow out of it by the time they reach adulthood. Although cases still aren’t totally unheard of…\n\n## 2\\. Erotomania\nAKA de Clerambault Syndrome falls in the category of delusional disorders. In other words, it’s a form of psychosis, which, in this case, leads people to believe that a figure who isn’t in their life – and they may never even have met before – is in love with them. In many cases, this can be a public figure or celebrity. And while it is *definitely* the work of fantasy and infatuation with no real grounding, the people having these ‘feelings’ believe they’re *absolutely* real. The actual cause of the condition isn’t exactly clear, and as with all mental health disorders the way it manifests will be very circumstantial and dependent on that person’s environmental influences, current mental state and baseline personality. In the cases that *have* been recorded, it was discovered that erotomania isn’t a static condition. It *can* present by itself, but it’s also be shown to present as a symptom of more serious mental health disorders such as:\n\n- [Schizophrenia](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/paranoia\/)\n- [Major Depressive Disorder](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/depression\/)\n- [Bipolar](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/bipolar-disorder\/)\n- Alzheimer’s\n\nSome psychologists have even suggested that social media platforms such as Twitter, Instagram and YouTube can exacerbate the condition, as it breaks down the barrier between people who would otherwise be disconnected. It creates a false sense of kinship, and a sense of connection that the emotional vulnerable latch onto in their time of need. This has been backed up by several studies that suggest the attachment observed in erotomania is a form of coping mechanism for managing severe stress.\n\n## 3\\. Alien Hand Syndrome\nNow, keeping on the theme of fantasy, we’re venturing into the realms of sci-fi with this one. Alien hand syndrome is a neurological condition that causes your hand to act of its own free will. Basically, the hand acts free of the mind and will move completely independently and out of sync with what the rest of the body is trying to do. It can make the hand feel as though it’s not a part of the body and like it’s a foreign object. Hence the name… And although it can affect children, cases are mostly confined to adults. It can also be referred to as Dr Strangelone syndrome, Strangelovian hand, or archaic hand. As for how it’s caused… There are several factors at play. Some of the main causes include:\n\n- Development as a side effect of a stroke, trauma, or tumour\n- An effect of some types of cancer\n- Neurodegenerative disease\n- Brain aneurysms\n\nAnd some of the symptoms include:\n\n- The inability to control the hand\n- The affected hand trying to perform goal-directed tasks or actions\n- The hand moving without cognitive input or awareness\n- Engaging in self-oppositional tasks (i.e closing a door you just opened)\n- Being uncooperative with tasks that require both hands\n## 4\\. Factitious Disorder\nPeople who suffer from this condition will deliberately attempt to fabricate signs of physical illness or injury to receive medical treatment and\/or care and attention within a medical setting. And that’s the goal here, there’s no practical benefit from receiving attention. It’s mainly psychological. Although in some cases, people will receive unnecessary surgeries. But that’s not to take anything away from its seriousness. Those who experience it often endure quite severe emotional difficulties and are at high risk of attempting to harm themselves so they can gain more treatment. There are two types of factitious disorder:\n\nThe first is:\n\n- **Self-imposed factious disorder:**This involves falsifying psychological or physical symptoms. So for example, a person may mimic behaviour typical of let’s say schizophrenia. They’ll report all the associated signs and symptoms. But they’ll actually experience none of them.\n- **Factitious Disorder Imposed on another:**People with this variant will produce or fabricate symptoms of those who’re under their care. So, for example, elderly people, children, or the disabled. It most often occurs in mother’s who may harm their child to gain attention.\n\nFactitious disorder tends to affect less than 0.5% of the population.\n\n## 5\\. Capgras Syndrome\nAlso known as ‘imposter syndrome’ or Capgras Delusion. People with this mental health condition believe that someone in their life that plays a significant role what been replaced with an imposter. And this inevitably leads them to accuse ‘said-person,’ whether it be a relative, friend, or co-worker of not being who they are mean to be. Again, as with erotomania, it can present as an individuated case. But it’s also been known to present as a symptom of:\n\n- Alzheimer’s\n- [Dementia](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/dementia\/)\n- Schizophrenia\n- Epilepsy\n\nHowever, there’s still no agreed-upon cause of how Capgras syndrome develops. Some researchers believe it’s a neurological issue in the brain, caused by either atrophy, lesions, or cerebral dysfunction. While, on the other hand, others believe that it’s a combination of physical and cognitive changes. With yet another theory stating it’s a problem with perception linked to damaged or missing memories.\n\n## 6\\. Apotemnophilia\nAnd this one might send a few shivers up your spine… If you’re unfamiliar with the condition, Apotemnophilia also known as body integrity disorder or amputee identity disorder is a neurological condition. Its defining characteristic is the overwhelming desire to either amputate or damage healthy parts of the body, which can also be known as ‘self-demand amputation.’ Compared to the other mental health disorders on this list, there isn’t a great deal that’s known about it. The first known case that was reported dates back to 1933 in medical journals citing, “erotically-obsessed persons who wanted to become amputees themselves.” The firt actual scientific report only appeared in 1977. The cause is still unknown at this point, although it’s speculated that it could be a result of psychiatric etiology, which refers to a “pathological desire driven by sexual compulsion.” However, recent developments have also offered a neurological explanation, which says the condition could be the result of dysfunction within the right parietal lobe.\n\n## 7\\. Stendhal Syndrome\nThe next condition is perhaps something that might be used as a gag in a sitcom. But it is, however, a very real thing. Stendhal Syndrome is describe someone who experiences\n\n- [Physical and or emotional anxiety](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/anxiety\/),\n- [Panic attacks](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/panic-attacks\/),\n- [Dissociate experiences](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/services\/dissociative-identity-disorder-treatment\/)\n- Hallucinations\n\nWhen exposed to art… But not just any art… The symptoms are most often triggers by “art that is perceived as particularly beautiful or when the individual is exposed to large quantities of art that are concentrated in a single place.” So for that, read:\n\n- Museums\n- Gallerys\n- Exhibitions\n\nSurprisingly, the syndrome has a fairly long history and was first coined in 1989 by an Italian psychiatrist, although reports of artwork causing distress date all the way back to the 1800s.\n\n## 8\\. Visual Snow Syndrome\nAlso, known as visual static or persistent positive visual phenomena. It describes a condition that will cause you to see continuous flickering white dots within your entire field of vision. These are the snow or static we just mentioned. These dots are usually blank and white, but also present as flashing, colour or even transparent.\n\nThe visual symptoms include:\n\n- Floaters\n- Flashes of light\n- Compromised night vision\n- Colour swirls\n- A consistent imprinted image\n- Sensitivity to light.\n\nAnd then there’s alas a non-visual set of symptoms, which include:\n\n- Migraines\n- Tinnitus (Ringing in the ears)\n- Vertigo\n- Fatigue\n- Tremors\n- [Anxiety](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/anxiety\/)\n- [Depression](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/depression\/)\n\nNo one is entirely certain how this condition develops, but the best research done so far, indicates it’s perhaps a complex neurological condition. As for recorded cases, there isn’t a great deal of information with it being such a new diagnosis. And to date, there have only been around 200 cases worldwide\n\n## 9\\. Folie a Deux\nFolie a Deux is almost like something from a supernatural thriller. Also known as shared delusion or shared psychotic disorder, it occurs when an otherwise mental stable person takes on the symptoms of someone close to them who’s suffering from a psychotics disorder such as schizophrenia. For example, let’s say your partner has a psychotic disorder, which causes her to think that she’s being haunted by ghosts. If you have shared decisional disorder, you too will believe that you’re also being haunted by ghosts. However, the condition only tends to occur in long-term relationships in which the person with the psychotic disorder is dominant and the other partner is passive.\n\nShared psychotic disorders have also been known to happen in groups where there’s close involvement with a psychotic person. This variant is called folie a plusiers or the ‘the madness of many.’ An example of this would be if a cult leader happened to be psychotic, his followers may then take on his\/her delusions.\n\n## 10\\. Reduplicative Amnesia\nReduplicative Amnesia is very similar to Capgras syndrome. But in this case, instead of believing that people have been replaced with doubles, in those with Reduplicative Amnesia, they believe that their entire location has been duplicated. The way this manifests can vary, and it’s often been attributed to severe head trauma that creates a dissociate-type effect between the individual and their environment. The condition was first documented back in 1903 by psychiatrist Arnold Pick, with a patient with suspected Alzheimer’s. The woman in question insisted that she’d been moved from Pick’s city clinic to one that was identical but located in a familiar suburb. Today, the condition is sometimes observed in people who may be suffering from:\n\n- Alzheimer’s\n- Brain Tumours\n- Dementia\n- Brian Injury\n- Psychiatric disorders\n\n#### About the author\n[![Dr Becky Spelman, Counselling Psychologist](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/dr-becky-spelman.jpg) ![Dr Becky Spelman, Counselling Psychologist](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/dr-becky-spelman.jpg) Dr Becky Spelman is an HCPC-registered Counselling Psychologist and founder of the Private Therapy Clinic, with over 22 years of experience helping clients successfully manage and overcome a wide range of mental health difficulties.](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/therapists\/dr-becky-spelman\/)\n\n#### References\nMedscape (10th Jul 2014) 20 More Rare and Unusual Psychiatric Syndromes. Retrieved on 23rd September 2021 from, [Link](https:\/\/www.medscape.com\/features\/slideshow\/culture-synd#2)\n\nMed Circle (4th Aug 2020) Rare Mental Disorders: What You Need to Know. Retrieved on 23rd September 2021 from, [Link](https:\/\/medcircle.com\/articles\/rare-mental-disorders\/)\n\nRarest.org (4th Feb 2021) 10 Rarest Mental Illnesses in the World. Retrieved on 23rd September 2021 from, [Link](https:\/\/rarest.org\/people\/mental-illnesses)\n\n**Categories:** [Personality Disorders](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/category\/personality-disorders\/), [Psychiatry](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/category\/psychiatry\/), [Psychology](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/category\/psychology\/)  - By Dr Becky Spelman - Published February 17, 2024 - Last updated July 27, 2025\n\n### Related Posts\n[![6 Mental Health Conditions that Benefit From CBT](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/CBT-Mental-Thumbnail-template.jpg)![6 Mental Health Conditions that Benefit From CBT](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/CBT-Mental-Thumbnail-template.jpg)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/6-mental-health-conditions-that-benefit-from-cbt\/)\n\n[6 Mental Health Conditions that Benefit From CBT 8th August 2021](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/6-mental-health-conditions-that-benefit-from-cbt\/)\n\n[![11 Personality Disorders and Their Characteristics](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/10-personality-disorders-Thumbnail-template.jpg)![11 Personality Disorders and Their Characteristics](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/10-personality-disorders-Thumbnail-template.jpg)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/10-types-of-personality-disorder\/)\n\n[11 Personality Disorders and Their Characteristics 3rd February 2020](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/10-types-of-personality-disorder\/)\n\n[![How Cognitive Limitations Affect Our Decision-Making Process](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Cognitive-Limitations-Thumbnail-template.jpg)![How Cognitive Limitations Affect Our Decision-Making Process](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Cognitive-Limitations-Thumbnail-template.jpg)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/how-cognitive-limitations-affect-our-decision-making-process\/)\n\n[How Cognitive Limitations Affect Our Decision-Making Process 15th February 2021](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/how-cognitive-limitations-affect-our-decision-making-process\/)\n\nCategories\n\n- [ADD\/ADHD(27)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/category\/addadhd\/ \"View all posts filed under ADD\/ADHD\")\n- [Addictions(13)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/category\/addictions\/ \"View all posts filed under Addictions\")\n- [Anger(12)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/category\/anger\/ \"View all posts filed under Anger\")\n- [Anxiety(33)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/category\/anxiety\/ \"View all posts filed under Anxiety\")\n- [ASD(28)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/category\/asd\/ \"View all posts filed under ASD\")\n- [Bereavement(2)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/category\/bereavement\/ \"View all posts filed under Bereavement\")\n- [Bipolar(5)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/category\/bipolar\/ \"View all posts filed under Bipolar\")\n- [Body Dysmorphic Disorder(4)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/category\/body-dysmorphic-disorder\/ \"View all posts filed under Body Dysmorphic Disorder\")\n- [Borderline Personality Disorder(21)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/category\/borderline-personality-disorder\/ \"View all posts filed under Borderline Personality Disorder\")\n- [Child Psychology(11)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/category\/child-psychology\/ \"View all posts filed under Child Psychology\")\n- [Cognitive Behavioural Therapy(12)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/category\/cognitive-behavioural-therapy\/ \"View all posts filed under Cognitive Behavioural Therapy\")\n- [Depression(15)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/category\/depression\/ \"View all posts filed under Depression\")\n- [Development(1)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/category\/development\/ \"View all posts filed under Development\")\n- [Dyslexia(2)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/category\/dyslexia\/ \"View all posts filed under Dyslexia\")\n- [Eating Disorders(2)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/category\/eating-disorders\/ \"View all posts filed under Eating Disorders\")\n- [Family(20)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/category\/family\/ \"View all posts filed under Family\")\n- [Gender Issues(2)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/category\/gender-issues\/ \"View all posts filed under Gender Issues\")\n- [General(124)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/category\/general\/ \"View all posts filed under General\")\n- [Generalised anxiety disorder(2)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/category\/generalised-anxiety-disorder\/ \"View all posts filed under Generalised anxiety disorder\")\n- [Health(7)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/category\/health\/ \"View all posts filed under Health\")\n- [In the Media(5)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/category\/in-the-media\/ \"View all posts filed under In the Media\")\n- [Mindfulness(7)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/category\/mindfulness\/ \"View all posts filed under Mindfulness\")\n- [OCD(7)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/category\/ocd\/ \"View all posts filed under OCD\")\n- [Panic Attacks(1)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/category\/panic-attacks\/ \"View all posts filed under Panic Attacks\")\n- [Parenting(15)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/category\/parenting\/ \"View all posts filed under Parenting\")\n- [Personality Disorders(47)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/category\/personality-disorders\/ \"View all posts filed under Personality Disorders\")\n- [Phobias(1)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/category\/phobias\/ \"View all posts filed under Phobias\")\n- [Post Traumatic Stress Disorder(5)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/category\/post-traumatic-stress-disorder\/ \"View all posts filed under Post Traumatic Stress Disorder\")\n- [Psychiatry(5)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/category\/psychiatry\/ \"View all posts filed under Psychiatry\")\n- [Psychology(4)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/category\/psychology\/ \"View all posts filed under Psychology\")\n- [Psychosis(4)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/category\/psychosis\/ \"View all posts filed under Psychosis\")\n- [Psychotherapy(13)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/category\/psychotherapy\/ \"View all posts filed under Psychotherapy\")\n- [Relationships(67)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/category\/relationships\/ \"View all posts filed under Relationships\")\n- [Self Development(21)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/category\/self-development\/ \"View all posts filed under Self Development\")\n- [Self-Esteem(16)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/category\/self-esteem\/ \"View all posts filed under Self-Esteem\")\n- [Self-harm(1)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/category\/self-harm\/ \"View all posts filed under Self-harm\")\n- [Sex(9)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/category\/sex\/ \"View all posts filed under Sex\")\n- [Sleep(3)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/category\/sleep\/ \"View all posts filed under Sleep\")\n- [Social Anxiety(5)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/category\/social-anxiety\/ \"View all posts filed under Social Anxiety\")\n- [Stress(13)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/category\/stress\/ \"View all posts filed under Stress\")\n- [Trauma(17)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/category\/trauma\/ \"View all posts filed under Trauma\")\n- [Uncategorized(2)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/category\/uncategorized\/ \"View all posts filed under Uncategorized\")\n- [Videos(47)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/category\/video\/ \"View all posts filed under Videos\")\n- [Work(2)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/category\/work\/ \"View all posts filed under Work\")\n\nView all\n\nRecent Articles\n\n- [![Emotional Dysregulation vs ADHD \\| Private Therapy Clinic](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Emotional-Dysregulation-Thumbnail-template-Affinity-40x40.jpg)![Emotional Dysregulation vs ADHD \\| Private Therapy Clinic](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Emotional-Dysregulation-Thumbnail-template-Affinity-40x40.jpg)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/adhd-burnout\/)\n  \n  [ADHD Burnout: Why It Keeps Happening and How to Actually Recover](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/adhd-burnout\/)\n  \n  April 13, 2026\n- [![Dealing with the Anxiety of Not Knowing Anything \\| Private Therapy Clinic](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Anxiety-Uncertainty-Thumbnail-template-40x40.jpg)![Dealing with the Anxiety of Not Knowing Anything \\| Private Therapy Clinic](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Anxiety-Uncertainty-Thumbnail-template-40x40.jpg)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/aspergers-in-women\/)\n  \n  [Asperger’s in Women: Missed, Misdiagnosed and Finally Understood](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/aspergers-in-women\/)\n  \n  April 10, 2026\n- [![Being an Empath in a Toxic World (Anxiety) \\| Private Therapy Clinic](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/empath-Thumbnail-template-40x40.jpg)![Being an Empath in a Toxic World (Anxiety) \\| Private Therapy Clinic](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/empath-Thumbnail-template-40x40.jpg)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/aspergers-vs-autism\/)\n  \n  [Asperger’s vs Autism: What’s the Difference, and Does the Label Still Matter?](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/aspergers-vs-autism\/)\n  \n  April 9, 2026\n- [![Understanding Mild Autism in Adults \\| Private Therapy Clinic](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Mild-Autism-in-Adults-Blog-Body-Template-Affinity-40x40.jpg)![Understanding Mild Autism in Adults \\| Private Therapy Clinic](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Mild-Autism-in-Adults-Blog-Body-Template-Affinity-40x40.jpg)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/autism-in-girls\/)\n  \n  [Autism in Girls: Why So Many Are Still Being Missed](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/autism-in-girls\/)\n  \n  April 2, 2026\n- [![Letting Go of Relational Attachment \\| Private Therapy Clinic](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Attachment-Thumbnail-template-Affinity-40x40.jpg)![Letting Go of Relational Attachment \\| Private Therapy Clinic](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Attachment-Thumbnail-template-Affinity-40x40.jpg)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/autism-and-attachment\/)\n  \n  [Autism and Attachment: Why Autistic People Connect Differently](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/autism-and-attachment\/)\n  \n  April 1, 2026\n- [![7 Common Triggers of a Bipolar Episode \\| Private Therapy Clinic](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Bipolar-Slider-Template-40x40.jpg)![7 Common Triggers of a Bipolar Episode \\| Private Therapy Clinic](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Bipolar-Slider-Template-40x40.jpg)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/adhd-and-bipolar-disorder\/)\n  \n  [ADHD and Bipolar Disorder: Why So Many People Get the Wrong Diagnosis](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/adhd-and-bipolar-disorder\/)\n  \n  March 30, 2026\n\n## Related Services\n- [Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/services\/dissociative-identity-disorder-treatment\/)\n- [Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/services\/cognitive-behavioural-therapy\/)\n- [Psychiatry Services](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/services\/psychiatry\/)\n\n## Related Issues\n- [Dissociation](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/dissociation\/)\n- [Body Dysmorphic Disorder](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/body-dysmorphic-disorder\/)\n- [Depersonalisation and Derealisation as a Result of Anxiety](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/depersonalisation-and-derealisation-from-anxiety\/)\n\n### As Seen On\n![Forbes](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/forbes.png)\n\n![Forbes](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/forbes.png)\n\n![channel-4](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/channel-4-logo.png)\n\n![channel-4](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/channel-4-logo.png)\n\n![sky-news](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/sky-news.png)\n\n![sky-news](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/sky-news.png)\n\n![itv](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/itv.png)\n\n![itv](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/itv.png)\n\n![bbc-radio](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/bbc-radio.png)\n\n![bbc-radio](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/bbc-radio.png)\n\n![the-guardian](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/the-guardian.png)\n\n![the-guardian](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/the-guardian.png)\n\n### Professional 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Therapy Clinic was set up in 2011 by HCPC registered Psychologist Dr Becky Spelman who is an entrepreneur and mental health content creator. 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Registered in England No. 8305990   \n \\*Disclaimer - psychological treatment success depends on the individual\n\n[Go to Top](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/blog\/10-of-the-rarest-mental-health-disorders\/)\n\n![](https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/tr?id=1672240699738170&ev=PageView&noscript=1)","attrs_readable_markdown":"![10 of the Rarest Mental Health Disorders \\| Private Therapy Clinic](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Rare-mental-health-disorders-Slider-Template-1024x394.jpg)\n\nWe all have a pretty good idea of what mental health disorders like depression and anxiety look like. Approximately 13% of the world’s population suffer from some kind of mental disorder. That’s roughly 971 million people. But did you know there’s actually an entire spectrum of mental health disorders that are far removed from what you hear about in the mainstream they seem like the stuff fantasy?\n\nHere are ten rare mental health disorders you never heard of…\n\n## 1\\. Alice in Wonderland Syndrome\nAnd in many ways, this *is* really drawing on the fantastical. Although it has no direct link to the actual source material, Alice in Wonderland Syndrome is very real and causes you to experience temporary episodes of distorted perception and disorientation. The name comes from the fact you may feel either larger or smaller than you really are… The room you’re in may also seem to shift and feel either closer or further away than it really is. But these aren’t hallucinations. These experiences are caused by changes in how your brain perceives your environment. And it doesn’t just affect your perception – it can *and* does affect multiple senses and that includes your vision, touch, and hearing. Time can also become distorted as well – either speeding up or slowing down. It tends only to affect young adults, as most people tend to grow out of it by the time they reach adulthood. Although cases still aren’t totally unheard of…\n\n## 2\\. Erotomania\nAKA de Clerambault Syndrome falls in the category of delusional disorders. In other words, it’s a form of psychosis, which, in this case, leads people to believe that a figure who isn’t in their life – and they may never even have met before – is in love with them. In many cases, this can be a public figure or celebrity. And while it is *definitely* the work of fantasy and infatuation with no real grounding, the people having these ‘feelings’ believe they’re *absolutely* real. The actual cause of the condition isn’t exactly clear, and as with all mental health disorders the way it manifests will be very circumstantial and dependent on that person’s environmental influences, current mental state and baseline personality. In the cases that *have* been recorded, it was discovered that erotomania isn’t a static condition. It *can* present by itself, but it’s also be shown to present as a symptom of more serious mental health disorders such as:\n\n- [Schizophrenia](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/paranoia\/)\n- [Major Depressive Disorder](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/depression\/)\n- [Bipolar](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/bipolar-disorder\/)\n- Alzheimer’s\n\nSome psychologists have even suggested that social media platforms such as Twitter, Instagram and YouTube can exacerbate the condition, as it breaks down the barrier between people who would otherwise be disconnected. It creates a false sense of kinship, and a sense of connection that the emotional vulnerable latch onto in their time of need. This has been backed up by several studies that suggest the attachment observed in erotomania is a form of coping mechanism for managing severe stress.\n\n## 3\\. Alien Hand Syndrome\nNow, keeping on the theme of fantasy, we’re venturing into the realms of sci-fi with this one. Alien hand syndrome is a neurological condition that causes your hand to act of its own free will. Basically, the hand acts free of the mind and will move completely independently and out of sync with what the rest of the body is trying to do. It can make the hand feel as though it’s not a part of the body and like it’s a foreign object. Hence the name… And although it can affect children, cases are mostly confined to adults. It can also be referred to as Dr Strangelone syndrome, Strangelovian hand, or archaic hand. As for how it’s caused… There are several factors at play. Some of the main causes include:\n\n- Development as a side effect of a stroke, trauma, or tumour\n- An effect of some types of cancer\n- Neurodegenerative disease\n- Brain aneurysms\n\nAnd some of the symptoms include:\n\n- The inability to control the hand\n- The affected hand trying to perform goal-directed tasks or actions\n- The hand moving without cognitive input or awareness\n- Engaging in self-oppositional tasks (i.e closing a door you just opened)\n- Being uncooperative with tasks that require both hands\n## 4\\. Factitious Disorder\nPeople who suffer from this condition will deliberately attempt to fabricate signs of physical illness or injury to receive medical treatment and\/or care and attention within a medical setting. And that’s the goal here, there’s no practical benefit from receiving attention. It’s mainly psychological. Although in some cases, people will receive unnecessary surgeries. But that’s not to take anything away from its seriousness. Those who experience it often endure quite severe emotional difficulties and are at high risk of attempting to harm themselves so they can gain more treatment. There are two types of factitious disorder:\n\nThe first is:\n\n- **Self-imposed factious disorder:**This involves falsifying psychological or physical symptoms. So for example, a person may mimic behaviour typical of let’s say schizophrenia. They’ll report all the associated signs and symptoms. But they’ll actually experience none of them.\n- **Factitious Disorder Imposed on another:**People with this variant will produce or fabricate symptoms of those who’re under their care. So, for example, elderly people, children, or the disabled. It most often occurs in mother’s who may harm their child to gain attention.\n\nFactitious disorder tends to affect less than 0.5% of the population.\n\n## 5\\. Capgras Syndrome\nAlso known as ‘imposter syndrome’ or Capgras Delusion. People with this mental health condition believe that someone in their life that plays a significant role what been replaced with an imposter. And this inevitably leads them to accuse ‘said-person,’ whether it be a relative, friend, or co-worker of not being who they are mean to be. Again, as with erotomania, it can present as an individuated case. But it’s also been known to present as a symptom of:\n\n- Alzheimer’s\n- [Dementia](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/dementia\/)\n- Schizophrenia\n- Epilepsy\n\nHowever, there’s still no agreed-upon cause of how Capgras syndrome develops. Some researchers believe it’s a neurological issue in the brain, caused by either atrophy, lesions, or cerebral dysfunction. While, on the other hand, others believe that it’s a combination of physical and cognitive changes. With yet another theory stating it’s a problem with perception linked to damaged or missing memories.\n\n## 6\\. Apotemnophilia\nAnd this one might send a few shivers up your spine… If you’re unfamiliar with the condition, Apotemnophilia also known as body integrity disorder or amputee identity disorder is a neurological condition. Its defining characteristic is the overwhelming desire to either amputate or damage healthy parts of the body, which can also be known as ‘self-demand amputation.’ Compared to the other mental health disorders on this list, there isn’t a great deal that’s known about it. The first known case that was reported dates back to 1933 in medical journals citing, “erotically-obsessed persons who wanted to become amputees themselves.” The firt actual scientific report only appeared in 1977. The cause is still unknown at this point, although it’s speculated that it could be a result of psychiatric etiology, which refers to a “pathological desire driven by sexual compulsion.” However, recent developments have also offered a neurological explanation, which says the condition could be the result of dysfunction within the right parietal lobe.\n\n## 7\\. Stendhal Syndrome\nThe next condition is perhaps something that might be used as a gag in a sitcom. But it is, however, a very real thing. Stendhal Syndrome is describe someone who experiences\n\n- [Physical and or emotional anxiety](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/anxiety\/),\n- [Panic attacks](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/panic-attacks\/),\n- [Dissociate experiences](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/services\/dissociative-identity-disorder-treatment\/)\n- Hallucinations\n\nWhen exposed to art… But not just any art… The symptoms are most often triggers by “art that is perceived as particularly beautiful or when the individual is exposed to large quantities of art that are concentrated in a single place.” So for that, read:\n\n- Museums\n- Gallerys\n- Exhibitions\n\nSurprisingly, the syndrome has a fairly long history and was first coined in 1989 by an Italian psychiatrist, although reports of artwork causing distress date all the way back to the 1800s.\n\n## 8\\. Visual Snow Syndrome\nAlso, known as visual static or persistent positive visual phenomena. It describes a condition that will cause you to see continuous flickering white dots within your entire field of vision. These are the snow or static we just mentioned. These dots are usually blank and white, but also present as flashing, colour or even transparent.\n\nThe visual symptoms include:\n\n- Floaters\n- Flashes of light\n- Compromised night vision\n- Colour swirls\n- A consistent imprinted image\n- Sensitivity to light.\n\nAnd then there’s alas a non-visual set of symptoms, which include:\n\n- Migraines\n- Tinnitus (Ringing in the ears)\n- Vertigo\n- Fatigue\n- Tremors\n- [Anxiety](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/anxiety\/)\n- [Depression](https:\/\/theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk\/issues\/depression\/)\n\nNo one is entirely certain how this condition develops, but the best research done so far, indicates it’s perhaps a complex neurological condition. As for recorded cases, there isn’t a great deal of information with it being such a new diagnosis. And to date, there have only been around 200 cases worldwide\n\n## 9\\. Folie a Deux\nFolie a Deux is almost like something from a supernatural thriller. Also known as shared delusion or shared psychotic disorder, it occurs when an otherwise mental stable person takes on the symptoms of someone close to them who’s suffering from a psychotics disorder such as schizophrenia. For example, let’s say your partner has a psychotic disorder, which causes her to think that she’s being haunted by ghosts. If you have shared decisional disorder, you too will believe that you’re also being haunted by ghosts. However, the condition only tends to occur in long-term relationships in which the person with the psychotic disorder is dominant and the other partner is passive.\n\nShared psychotic disorders have also been known to happen in groups where there’s close involvement with a psychotic person. This variant is called folie a plusiers or the ‘the madness of many.’ An example of this would be if a cult leader happened to be psychotic, his followers may then take on his\/her delusions.\n\n## 10\\. Reduplicative Amnesia\nReduplicative Amnesia is very similar to Capgras syndrome. But in this case, instead of believing that people have been replaced with doubles, in those with Reduplicative Amnesia, they believe that their entire location has been duplicated. The way this manifests can vary, and it’s often been attributed to severe head trauma that creates a dissociate-type effect between the individual and their environment. The condition was first documented back in 1903 by psychiatrist Arnold Pick, with a patient with suspected Alzheimer’s. The woman in question insisted that she’d been moved from Pick’s city clinic to one that was identical but located in a familiar suburb. Today, the condition is sometimes observed in people who may be suffering from:\n\n- Alzheimer’s\n- Brain Tumours\n- Dementia\n- Brian Injury\n- Psychiatric disorders","meta_canonical":null}

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Meta Description	There are mental health disorders rarely talked about in the mainstream. Curious? Keep reading to discover the full list.
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Boilerpipe Text	We all have a pretty good idea of what mental health disorders like depression and anxiety look like. Approximately 13% of the world’s population suffer from some kind of mental disorder. That’s roughly 971 million people. But did you know there’s actually an entire spectrum of mental health disorders that are far removed from what you hear about in the mainstream they seem like the stuff fantasy? Here are ten rare mental health disorders you never heard of… 1. Alice in Wonderland Syndrome And in many ways, this is really drawing on the fantastical. Although it has no direct link to the actual source material, Alice in Wonderland Syndrome is very real and causes you to experience temporary episodes of distorted perception and disorientation. The name comes from the fact you may feel either larger or smaller than you really are… The room you’re in may also seem to shift and feel either closer or further away than it really is. But these aren’t hallucinations. These experiences are caused by changes in how your brain perceives your environment. And it doesn’t just affect your perception – it can and does affect multiple senses and that includes your vision, touch, and hearing. Time can also become distorted as well – either speeding up or slowing down. It tends only to affect young adults, as most people tend to grow out of it by the time they reach adulthood. Although cases still aren’t totally unheard of… 2. Erotomania AKA de Clerambault Syndrome falls in the category of delusional disorders. In other words, it’s a form of psychosis, which, in this case, leads people to believe that a figure who isn’t in their life – and they may never even have met before – is in love with them. In many cases, this can be a public figure or celebrity. And while it is definitely the work of fantasy and infatuation with no real grounding, the people having these ‘feelings’ believe they’re absolutely real. The actual cause of the condition isn’t exactly clear, and as with all mental health disorders the way it manifests will be very circumstantial and dependent on that person’s environmental influences, current mental state and baseline personality. In the cases that have been recorded, it was discovered that erotomania isn’t a static condition. It can present by itself, but it’s also be shown to present as a symptom of more serious mental health disorders such as: Schizophrenia Major Depressive Disorder Bipolar Alzheimer’s Some psychologists have even suggested that social media platforms such as Twitter, Instagram and YouTube can exacerbate the condition, as it breaks down the barrier between people who would otherwise be disconnected. It creates a false sense of kinship, and a sense of connection that the emotional vulnerable latch onto in their time of need. This has been backed up by several studies that suggest the attachment observed in erotomania is a form of coping mechanism for managing severe stress. 3. Alien Hand Syndrome Now, keeping on the theme of fantasy, we’re venturing into the realms of sci-fi with this one. Alien hand syndrome is a neurological condition that causes your hand to act of its own free will. Basically, the hand acts free of the mind and will move completely independently and out of sync with what the rest of the body is trying to do. It can make the hand feel as though it’s not a part of the body and like it’s a foreign object. Hence the name… And although it can affect children, cases are mostly confined to adults. It can also be referred to as Dr Strangelone syndrome, Strangelovian hand, or archaic hand. As for how it’s caused… There are several factors at play. Some of the main causes include: Development as a side effect of a stroke, trauma, or tumour An effect of some types of cancer Neurodegenerative disease Brain aneurysms And some of the symptoms include: The inability to control the hand The affected hand trying to perform goal-directed tasks or actions The hand moving without cognitive input or awareness Engaging in self-oppositional tasks (i.e closing a door you just opened) Being uncooperative with tasks that require both hands 4. Factitious Disorder People who suffer from this condition will deliberately attempt to fabricate signs of physical illness or injury to receive medical treatment and/or care and attention within a medical setting. And that’s the goal here, there’s no practical benefit from receiving attention. It’s mainly psychological. Although in some cases, people will receive unnecessary surgeries. But that’s not to take anything away from its seriousness. Those who experience it often endure quite severe emotional difficulties and are at high risk of attempting to harm themselves so they can gain more treatment. There are two types of factitious disorder: The first is: Self-imposed factious disorder: This involves falsifying psychological or physical symptoms. So for example, a person may mimic behaviour typical of let’s say schizophrenia. They’ll report all the associated signs and symptoms. But they’ll actually experience none of them. Factitious Disorder Imposed on another: People with this variant will produce or fabricate symptoms of those who’re under their care. So, for example, elderly people, children, or the disabled. It most often occurs in mother’s who may harm their child to gain attention. Factitious disorder tends to affect less than 0.5% of the population. 5. Capgras Syndrome Also known as ‘imposter syndrome’ or Capgras Delusion. People with this mental health condition believe that someone in their life that plays a significant role what been replaced with an imposter. And this inevitably leads them to accuse ‘said-person,’ whether it be a relative, friend, or co-worker of not being who they are mean to be. Again, as with erotomania, it can present as an individuated case. But it’s also been known to present as a symptom of: Alzheimer’s Dementia Schizophrenia Epilepsy However, there’s still no agreed-upon cause of how Capgras syndrome develops. Some researchers believe it’s a neurological issue in the brain, caused by either atrophy, lesions, or cerebral dysfunction. While, on the other hand, others believe that it’s a combination of physical and cognitive changes. With yet another theory stating it’s a problem with perception linked to damaged or missing memories. 6. Apotemnophilia And this one might send a few shivers up your spine… If you’re unfamiliar with the condition, Apotemnophilia also known as body integrity disorder or amputee identity disorder is a neurological condition. Its defining characteristic is the overwhelming desire to either amputate or damage healthy parts of the body, which can also be known as ‘self-demand amputation.’ Compared to the other mental health disorders on this list, there isn’t a great deal that’s known about it. The first known case that was reported dates back to 1933 in medical journals citing, “erotically-obsessed persons who wanted to become amputees themselves.” The firt actual scientific report only appeared in 1977. The cause is still unknown at this point, although it’s speculated that it could be a result of psychiatric etiology, which refers to a “pathological desire driven by sexual compulsion.” However, recent developments have also offered a neurological explanation, which says the condition could be the result of dysfunction within the right parietal lobe. 7. Stendhal Syndrome The next condition is perhaps something that might be used as a gag in a sitcom. But it is, however, a very real thing. Stendhal Syndrome is describe someone who experiences Physical and or emotional anxiety , Panic attacks , Dissociate experiences Hallucinations When exposed to art… But not just any art… The symptoms are most often triggers by “art that is perceived as particularly beautiful or when the individual is exposed to large quantities of art that are concentrated in a single place.” So for that, read: Museums Gallerys Exhibitions Surprisingly, the syndrome has a fairly long history and was first coined in 1989 by an Italian psychiatrist, although reports of artwork causing distress date all the way back to the 1800s. 8. Visual Snow Syndrome Also, known as visual static or persistent positive visual phenomena. It describes a condition that will cause you to see continuous flickering white dots within your entire field of vision. These are the snow or static we just mentioned. These dots are usually blank and white, but also present as flashing, colour or even transparent. The visual symptoms include: Floaters Flashes of light Compromised night vision Colour swirls A consistent imprinted image Sensitivity to light. And then there’s alas a non-visual set of symptoms, which include: Migraines Tinnitus (Ringing in the ears) Vertigo Fatigue Tremors Anxiety Depression No one is entirely certain how this condition develops, but the best research done so far, indicates it’s perhaps a complex neurological condition. As for recorded cases, there isn’t a great deal of information with it being such a new diagnosis. And to date, there have only been around 200 cases worldwide 9. Folie a Deux Folie a Deux is almost like something from a supernatural thriller. Also known as shared delusion or shared psychotic disorder, it occurs when an otherwise mental stable person takes on the symptoms of someone close to them who’s suffering from a psychotics disorder such as schizophrenia. For example, let’s say your partner has a psychotic disorder, which causes her to think that she’s being haunted by ghosts. If you have shared decisional disorder, you too will believe that you’re also being haunted by ghosts. However, the condition only tends to occur in long-term relationships in which the person with the psychotic disorder is dominant and the other partner is passive. Shared psychotic disorders have also been known to happen in groups where there’s close involvement with a psychotic person. This variant is called folie a plusiers or the ‘the madness of many.’ An example of this would be if a cult leader happened to be psychotic, his followers may then take on his/her delusions. 10. Reduplicative Amnesia Reduplicative Amnesia is very similar to Capgras syndrome. But in this case, instead of believing that people have been replaced with doubles, in those with Reduplicative Amnesia, they believe that their entire location has been duplicated. The way this manifests can vary, and it’s often been attributed to severe head trauma that creates a dissociate-type effect between the individual and their environment. The condition was first documented back in 1903 by psychiatrist Arnold Pick, with a patient with suspected Alzheimer’s. The woman in question insisted that she’d been moved from Pick’s city clinic to one that was identical but located in a familiar suburb. Today, the condition is sometimes observed in people who may be suffering from: Alzheimer’s Brain Tumours Dementia Brian Injury Psychiatric disorders
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[Emotional difficulties](https://theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk/issues/emotional-issues/) - [Jealousy](https://theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk/issues/jealousy/) - [Narcissistic Abuse](https://theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk/issues/narcissistic-abuse/) - [Self Harm](https://theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk/issues/self-harm/) - [Self-esteem related issues](https://theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk/issues/self-esteem-related-issues/) - [Shame](https://theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk/issues/shame/) - [Sexual Health and Relationship Issues](https://theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk/blog/10-of-the-rarest-mental-health-disorders/) - [Erectile dysfunction treatment](https://theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk/issues/erectile-dysfunction-treatment/) - [Gender Dysphoria and Transgender Issues](https://theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk/issues/gender-dysphoria-and-transgender-issues/) - [Infidelity](https://theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk/issues/infidelity/) - [Loss of Libido](https://theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk/issues/loss-of-libido/) - 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[Home](https://theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk/) 2. [Blog](https://theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk/blog/) 3. 10 of the Rarest Mental Health Disorders (And What They Look Like) Table of Contents - 1\. Alice in Wonderland Syndrome - 2\. Erotomania - 3\. Alien Hand Syndrome - 4\. Factitious Disorder - 5\. Capgras Syndrome - 6\. Apotemnophilia - 7\. Stendhal Syndrome - 8\. Visual Snow Syndrome - 9\. Folie a Deux - 10\. Reduplicative Amnesia [View all](https://theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk/blog/10-of-the-rarest-mental-health-disorders/) ![10 of the Rarest Mental Health Disorders \\| Private Therapy Clinic](https://theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Rare-mental-health-disorders-Slider-Template-1024x394.jpg) We all have a pretty good idea of what mental health disorders like depression and anxiety look like. Approximately 13% of the world’s population suffer from some kind of mental disorder. That’s roughly 971 million people. But did you know there’s actually an entire spectrum of mental health disorders that are far removed from what you hear about in the mainstream they seem like the stuff fantasy? Here are ten rare mental health disorders you never heard of… ## 1\. Alice in Wonderland Syndrome And in many ways, this is really drawing on the fantastical. Although it has no direct link to the actual source material, Alice in Wonderland Syndrome is very real and causes you to experience temporary episodes of distorted perception and disorientation. The name comes from the fact you may feel either larger or smaller than you really are… The room you’re in may also seem to shift and feel either closer or further away than it really is. But these aren’t hallucinations. These experiences are caused by changes in how your brain perceives your environment. And it doesn’t just affect your perception – it can and does affect multiple senses and that includes your vision, touch, and hearing. Time can also become distorted as well – either speeding up or slowing down. It tends only to affect young adults, as most people tend to grow out of it by the time they reach adulthood. Although cases still aren’t totally unheard of… ## 2\. Erotomania AKA de Clerambault Syndrome falls in the category of delusional disorders. In other words, it’s a form of psychosis, which, in this case, leads people to believe that a figure who isn’t in their life – and they may never even have met before – is in love with them. In many cases, this can be a public figure or celebrity. And while it is definitely the work of fantasy and infatuation with no real grounding, the people having these ‘feelings’ believe they’re absolutely real. The actual cause of the condition isn’t exactly clear, and as with all mental health disorders the way it manifests will be very circumstantial and dependent on that person’s environmental influences, current mental state and baseline personality. In the cases that have been recorded, it was discovered that erotomania isn’t a static condition. It can present by itself, but it’s also be shown to present as a symptom of more serious mental health disorders such as: - [Schizophrenia](https://theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk/issues/paranoia/) - [Major Depressive Disorder](https://theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk/issues/depression/) - [Bipolar](https://theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk/issues/bipolar-disorder/) - Alzheimer’s Some psychologists have even suggested that social media platforms such as Twitter, Instagram and YouTube can exacerbate the condition, as it breaks down the barrier between people who would otherwise be disconnected. It creates a false sense of kinship, and a sense of connection that the emotional vulnerable latch onto in their time of need. This has been backed up by several studies that suggest the attachment observed in erotomania is a form of coping mechanism for managing severe stress. ## 3\. Alien Hand Syndrome Now, keeping on the theme of fantasy, we’re venturing into the realms of sci-fi with this one. Alien hand syndrome is a neurological condition that causes your hand to act of its own free will. Basically, the hand acts free of the mind and will move completely independently and out of sync with what the rest of the body is trying to do. It can make the hand feel as though it’s not a part of the body and like it’s a foreign object. Hence the name… And although it can affect children, cases are mostly confined to adults. It can also be referred to as Dr Strangelone syndrome, Strangelovian hand, or archaic hand. As for how it’s caused… There are several factors at play. Some of the main causes include: - Development as a side effect of a stroke, trauma, or tumour - An effect of some types of cancer - Neurodegenerative disease - Brain aneurysms And some of the symptoms include: - The inability to control the hand - The affected hand trying to perform goal-directed tasks or actions - The hand moving without cognitive input or awareness - Engaging in self-oppositional tasks (i.e closing a door you just opened) - Being uncooperative with tasks that require both hands ## 4\. Factitious Disorder People who suffer from this condition will deliberately attempt to fabricate signs of physical illness or injury to receive medical treatment and/or care and attention within a medical setting. And that’s the goal here, there’s no practical benefit from receiving attention. It’s mainly psychological. Although in some cases, people will receive unnecessary surgeries. But that’s not to take anything away from its seriousness. Those who experience it often endure quite severe emotional difficulties and are at high risk of attempting to harm themselves so they can gain more treatment. There are two types of factitious disorder: The first is: - Self-imposed factious disorder:This involves falsifying psychological or physical symptoms. So for example, a person may mimic behaviour typical of let’s say schizophrenia. They’ll report all the associated signs and symptoms. But they’ll actually experience none of them. - Factitious Disorder Imposed on another:People with this variant will produce or fabricate symptoms of those who’re under their care. So, for example, elderly people, children, or the disabled. It most often occurs in mother’s who may harm their child to gain attention. Factitious disorder tends to affect less than 0.5% of the population. ## 5\. Capgras Syndrome Also known as ‘imposter syndrome’ or Capgras Delusion. People with this mental health condition believe that someone in their life that plays a significant role what been replaced with an imposter. And this inevitably leads them to accuse ‘said-person,’ whether it be a relative, friend, or co-worker of not being who they are mean to be. Again, as with erotomania, it can present as an individuated case. But it’s also been known to present as a symptom of: - Alzheimer’s - [Dementia](https://theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk/issues/dementia/) - Schizophrenia - Epilepsy However, there’s still no agreed-upon cause of how Capgras syndrome develops. Some researchers believe it’s a neurological issue in the brain, caused by either atrophy, lesions, or cerebral dysfunction. While, on the other hand, others believe that it’s a combination of physical and cognitive changes. With yet another theory stating it’s a problem with perception linked to damaged or missing memories. ## 6\. Apotemnophilia And this one might send a few shivers up your spine… If you’re unfamiliar with the condition, Apotemnophilia also known as body integrity disorder or amputee identity disorder is a neurological condition. Its defining characteristic is the overwhelming desire to either amputate or damage healthy parts of the body, which can also be known as ‘self-demand amputation.’ Compared to the other mental health disorders on this list, there isn’t a great deal that’s known about it. The first known case that was reported dates back to 1933 in medical journals citing, “erotically-obsessed persons who wanted to become amputees themselves.” The firt actual scientific report only appeared in 1977. The cause is still unknown at this point, although it’s speculated that it could be a result of psychiatric etiology, which refers to a “pathological desire driven by sexual compulsion.” However, recent developments have also offered a neurological explanation, which says the condition could be the result of dysfunction within the right parietal lobe. ## 7\. Stendhal Syndrome The next condition is perhaps something that might be used as a gag in a sitcom. But it is, however, a very real thing. Stendhal Syndrome is describe someone who experiences - [Physical and or emotional anxiety](https://theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk/issues/anxiety/), - [Panic attacks](https://theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk/issues/panic-attacks/), - [Dissociate experiences](https://theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk/services/dissociative-identity-disorder-treatment/) - Hallucinations When exposed to art… But not just any art… The symptoms are most often triggers by “art that is perceived as particularly beautiful or when the individual is exposed to large quantities of art that are concentrated in a single place.” So for that, read: - Museums - Gallerys - Exhibitions Surprisingly, the syndrome has a fairly long history and was first coined in 1989 by an Italian psychiatrist, although reports of artwork causing distress date all the way back to the 1800s. ## 8\. Visual Snow Syndrome Also, known as visual static or persistent positive visual phenomena. It describes a condition that will cause you to see continuous flickering white dots within your entire field of vision. These are the snow or static we just mentioned. These dots are usually blank and white, but also present as flashing, colour or even transparent. The visual symptoms include: - Floaters - Flashes of light - Compromised night vision - Colour swirls - A consistent imprinted image - Sensitivity to light. And then there’s alas a non-visual set of symptoms, which include: - Migraines - Tinnitus (Ringing in the ears) - Vertigo - Fatigue - Tremors - [Anxiety](https://theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk/issues/anxiety/) - [Depression](https://theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk/issues/depression/) No one is entirely certain how this condition develops, but the best research done so far, indicates it’s perhaps a complex neurological condition. As for recorded cases, there isn’t a great deal of information with it being such a new diagnosis. And to date, there have only been around 200 cases worldwide ## 9\. Folie a Deux Folie a Deux is almost like something from a supernatural thriller. Also known as shared delusion or shared psychotic disorder, it occurs when an otherwise mental stable person takes on the symptoms of someone close to them who’s suffering from a psychotics disorder such as schizophrenia. For example, let’s say your partner has a psychotic disorder, which causes her to think that she’s being haunted by ghosts. If you have shared decisional disorder, you too will believe that you’re also being haunted by ghosts. However, the condition only tends to occur in long-term relationships in which the person with the psychotic disorder is dominant and the other partner is passive. Shared psychotic disorders have also been known to happen in groups where there’s close involvement with a psychotic person. This variant is called folie a plusiers or the ‘the madness of many.’ An example of this would be if a cult leader happened to be psychotic, his followers may then take on his/her delusions. ## 10\. Reduplicative Amnesia Reduplicative Amnesia is very similar to Capgras syndrome. But in this case, instead of believing that people have been replaced with doubles, in those with Reduplicative Amnesia, they believe that their entire location has been duplicated. The way this manifests can vary, and it’s often been attributed to severe head trauma that creates a dissociate-type effect between the individual and their environment. The condition was first documented back in 1903 by psychiatrist Arnold Pick, with a patient with suspected Alzheimer’s. The woman in question insisted that she’d been moved from Pick’s city clinic to one that was identical but located in a familiar suburb. Today, the condition is sometimes observed in people who may be suffering from: - Alzheimer’s - Brain Tumours - Dementia - Brian Injury - Psychiatric disorders #### About the author [![Dr Becky Spelman, Counselling Psychologist](https://theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/dr-becky-spelman.jpg) ![Dr Becky Spelman, Counselling Psychologist](https://theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/dr-becky-spelman.jpg) Dr Becky Spelman is an HCPC-registered Counselling Psychologist and founder of the Private Therapy Clinic, with over 22 years of experience helping clients successfully manage and overcome a wide range of mental health difficulties.](https://theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk/therapists/dr-becky-spelman/) #### References Medscape (10th Jul 2014) 20 More Rare and Unusual Psychiatric Syndromes. Retrieved on 23rd September 2021 from, [Link](https://www.medscape.com/features/slideshow/culture-synd#2) Med Circle (4th Aug 2020) Rare Mental Disorders: What You Need to Know. Retrieved on 23rd September 2021 from, [Link](https://medcircle.com/articles/rare-mental-disorders/) Rarest.org (4th Feb 2021) 10 Rarest Mental Illnesses in the World. Retrieved on 23rd September 2021 from, [Link](https://rarest.org/people/mental-illnesses) Categories: [Personality Disorders](https://theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk/blog/category/personality-disorders/), [Psychiatry](https://theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk/blog/category/psychiatry/), [Psychology](https://theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk/blog/category/psychology/) - By Dr Becky Spelman - Published February 17, 2024 - Last updated July 27, 2025 ### Related Posts [![6 Mental Health Conditions that Benefit From CBT](https://theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/CBT-Mental-Thumbnail-template.jpg)![6 Mental Health Conditions that Benefit From CBT](https://theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/CBT-Mental-Thumbnail-template.jpg)](https://theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk/blog/6-mental-health-conditions-that-benefit-from-cbt/) [6 Mental Health Conditions that Benefit From CBT 8th August 2021](https://theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk/blog/6-mental-health-conditions-that-benefit-from-cbt/) [![11 Personality Disorders and Their Characteristics](https://theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/10-personality-disorders-Thumbnail-template.jpg)![11 Personality Disorders and Their Characteristics](https://theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/10-personality-disorders-Thumbnail-template.jpg)](https://theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk/blog/10-types-of-personality-disorder/) [11 Personality Disorders and Their Characteristics 3rd February 2020](https://theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk/blog/10-types-of-personality-disorder/) [![How Cognitive Limitations Affect Our Decision-Making Process](https://theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Cognitive-Limitations-Thumbnail-template.jpg)![How Cognitive Limitations Affect Our Decision-Making Process](https://theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Cognitive-Limitations-Thumbnail-template.jpg)](https://theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk/blog/how-cognitive-limitations-affect-our-decision-making-process/) [How Cognitive Limitations Affect Our Decision-Making Process 15th February 2021](https://theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk/blog/how-cognitive-limitations-affect-our-decision-making-process/) Categories - 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Readable Markdown	![10 of the Rarest Mental Health Disorders \\| Private Therapy Clinic](https://theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Rare-mental-health-disorders-Slider-Template-1024x394.jpg) We all have a pretty good idea of what mental health disorders like depression and anxiety look like. Approximately 13% of the world’s population suffer from some kind of mental disorder. That’s roughly 971 million people. But did you know there’s actually an entire spectrum of mental health disorders that are far removed from what you hear about in the mainstream they seem like the stuff fantasy? Here are ten rare mental health disorders you never heard of… ## 1\. Alice in Wonderland Syndrome And in many ways, this is really drawing on the fantastical. Although it has no direct link to the actual source material, Alice in Wonderland Syndrome is very real and causes you to experience temporary episodes of distorted perception and disorientation. The name comes from the fact you may feel either larger or smaller than you really are… The room you’re in may also seem to shift and feel either closer or further away than it really is. But these aren’t hallucinations. These experiences are caused by changes in how your brain perceives your environment. And it doesn’t just affect your perception – it can and does affect multiple senses and that includes your vision, touch, and hearing. Time can also become distorted as well – either speeding up or slowing down. It tends only to affect young adults, as most people tend to grow out of it by the time they reach adulthood. Although cases still aren’t totally unheard of… ## 2\. Erotomania AKA de Clerambault Syndrome falls in the category of delusional disorders. In other words, it’s a form of psychosis, which, in this case, leads people to believe that a figure who isn’t in their life – and they may never even have met before – is in love with them. In many cases, this can be a public figure or celebrity. And while it is definitely the work of fantasy and infatuation with no real grounding, the people having these ‘feelings’ believe they’re absolutely real. The actual cause of the condition isn’t exactly clear, and as with all mental health disorders the way it manifests will be very circumstantial and dependent on that person’s environmental influences, current mental state and baseline personality. In the cases that have been recorded, it was discovered that erotomania isn’t a static condition. It can present by itself, but it’s also be shown to present as a symptom of more serious mental health disorders such as: - [Schizophrenia](https://theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk/issues/paranoia/) - [Major Depressive Disorder](https://theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk/issues/depression/) - [Bipolar](https://theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk/issues/bipolar-disorder/) - Alzheimer’s Some psychologists have even suggested that social media platforms such as Twitter, Instagram and YouTube can exacerbate the condition, as it breaks down the barrier between people who would otherwise be disconnected. It creates a false sense of kinship, and a sense of connection that the emotional vulnerable latch onto in their time of need. This has been backed up by several studies that suggest the attachment observed in erotomania is a form of coping mechanism for managing severe stress. ## 3\. Alien Hand Syndrome Now, keeping on the theme of fantasy, we’re venturing into the realms of sci-fi with this one. Alien hand syndrome is a neurological condition that causes your hand to act of its own free will. Basically, the hand acts free of the mind and will move completely independently and out of sync with what the rest of the body is trying to do. It can make the hand feel as though it’s not a part of the body and like it’s a foreign object. Hence the name… And although it can affect children, cases are mostly confined to adults. It can also be referred to as Dr Strangelone syndrome, Strangelovian hand, or archaic hand. As for how it’s caused… There are several factors at play. Some of the main causes include: - Development as a side effect of a stroke, trauma, or tumour - An effect of some types of cancer - Neurodegenerative disease - Brain aneurysms And some of the symptoms include: - The inability to control the hand - The affected hand trying to perform goal-directed tasks or actions - The hand moving without cognitive input or awareness - Engaging in self-oppositional tasks (i.e closing a door you just opened) - Being uncooperative with tasks that require both hands ## 4\. Factitious Disorder People who suffer from this condition will deliberately attempt to fabricate signs of physical illness or injury to receive medical treatment and/or care and attention within a medical setting. And that’s the goal here, there’s no practical benefit from receiving attention. It’s mainly psychological. Although in some cases, people will receive unnecessary surgeries. But that’s not to take anything away from its seriousness. Those who experience it often endure quite severe emotional difficulties and are at high risk of attempting to harm themselves so they can gain more treatment. There are two types of factitious disorder: The first is: - Self-imposed factious disorder:This involves falsifying psychological or physical symptoms. So for example, a person may mimic behaviour typical of let’s say schizophrenia. They’ll report all the associated signs and symptoms. But they’ll actually experience none of them. - Factitious Disorder Imposed on another:People with this variant will produce or fabricate symptoms of those who’re under their care. So, for example, elderly people, children, or the disabled. It most often occurs in mother’s who may harm their child to gain attention. Factitious disorder tends to affect less than 0.5% of the population. ## 5\. Capgras Syndrome Also known as ‘imposter syndrome’ or Capgras Delusion. People with this mental health condition believe that someone in their life that plays a significant role what been replaced with an imposter. And this inevitably leads them to accuse ‘said-person,’ whether it be a relative, friend, or co-worker of not being who they are mean to be. Again, as with erotomania, it can present as an individuated case. But it’s also been known to present as a symptom of: - Alzheimer’s - [Dementia](https://theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk/issues/dementia/) - Schizophrenia - Epilepsy However, there’s still no agreed-upon cause of how Capgras syndrome develops. Some researchers believe it’s a neurological issue in the brain, caused by either atrophy, lesions, or cerebral dysfunction. While, on the other hand, others believe that it’s a combination of physical and cognitive changes. With yet another theory stating it’s a problem with perception linked to damaged or missing memories. ## 6\. Apotemnophilia And this one might send a few shivers up your spine… If you’re unfamiliar with the condition, Apotemnophilia also known as body integrity disorder or amputee identity disorder is a neurological condition. Its defining characteristic is the overwhelming desire to either amputate or damage healthy parts of the body, which can also be known as ‘self-demand amputation.’ Compared to the other mental health disorders on this list, there isn’t a great deal that’s known about it. The first known case that was reported dates back to 1933 in medical journals citing, “erotically-obsessed persons who wanted to become amputees themselves.” The firt actual scientific report only appeared in 1977. The cause is still unknown at this point, although it’s speculated that it could be a result of psychiatric etiology, which refers to a “pathological desire driven by sexual compulsion.” However, recent developments have also offered a neurological explanation, which says the condition could be the result of dysfunction within the right parietal lobe. ## 7\. Stendhal Syndrome The next condition is perhaps something that might be used as a gag in a sitcom. But it is, however, a very real thing. Stendhal Syndrome is describe someone who experiences - [Physical and or emotional anxiety](https://theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk/issues/anxiety/), - [Panic attacks](https://theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk/issues/panic-attacks/), - [Dissociate experiences](https://theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk/services/dissociative-identity-disorder-treatment/) - Hallucinations When exposed to art… But not just any art… The symptoms are most often triggers by “art that is perceived as particularly beautiful or when the individual is exposed to large quantities of art that are concentrated in a single place.” So for that, read: - Museums - Gallerys - Exhibitions Surprisingly, the syndrome has a fairly long history and was first coined in 1989 by an Italian psychiatrist, although reports of artwork causing distress date all the way back to the 1800s. ## 8\. Visual Snow Syndrome Also, known as visual static or persistent positive visual phenomena. It describes a condition that will cause you to see continuous flickering white dots within your entire field of vision. These are the snow or static we just mentioned. These dots are usually blank and white, but also present as flashing, colour or even transparent. The visual symptoms include: - Floaters - Flashes of light - Compromised night vision - Colour swirls - A consistent imprinted image - Sensitivity to light. And then there’s alas a non-visual set of symptoms, which include: - Migraines - Tinnitus (Ringing in the ears) - Vertigo - Fatigue - Tremors - [Anxiety](https://theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk/issues/anxiety/) - [Depression](https://theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk/issues/depression/) No one is entirely certain how this condition develops, but the best research done so far, indicates it’s perhaps a complex neurological condition. As for recorded cases, there isn’t a great deal of information with it being such a new diagnosis. And to date, there have only been around 200 cases worldwide ## 9\. Folie a Deux Folie a Deux is almost like something from a supernatural thriller. Also known as shared delusion or shared psychotic disorder, it occurs when an otherwise mental stable person takes on the symptoms of someone close to them who’s suffering from a psychotics disorder such as schizophrenia. For example, let’s say your partner has a psychotic disorder, which causes her to think that she’s being haunted by ghosts. If you have shared decisional disorder, you too will believe that you’re also being haunted by ghosts. However, the condition only tends to occur in long-term relationships in which the person with the psychotic disorder is dominant and the other partner is passive. Shared psychotic disorders have also been known to happen in groups where there’s close involvement with a psychotic person. This variant is called folie a plusiers or the ‘the madness of many.’ An example of this would be if a cult leader happened to be psychotic, his followers may then take on his/her delusions. ## 10\. Reduplicative Amnesia Reduplicative Amnesia is very similar to Capgras syndrome. But in this case, instead of believing that people have been replaced with doubles, in those with Reduplicative Amnesia, they believe that their entire location has been duplicated. The way this manifests can vary, and it’s often been attributed to severe head trauma that creates a dissociate-type effect between the individual and their environment. The condition was first documented back in 1903 by psychiatrist Arnold Pick, with a patient with suspected Alzheimer’s. The woman in question insisted that she’d been moved from Pick’s city clinic to one that was identical but located in a familiar suburb. Today, the condition is sometimes observed in people who may be suffering from: - Alzheimer’s - Brain Tumours - Dementia - Brian Injury - Psychiatric disorders
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