🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 37 (from laksa080)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa037.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://thebambooworks.com/black-sesame-steers-towards-140-million-hong-kong-ipo/\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://thebambooworks.com/black-sesame-steers-towards-140-million-hong-kong-ipo/\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/thebambooworks.com\/black-sesame-steers-towards-140-million-hong-kong-ipo\/","crawl_time":1775176747,"first_indexed_time":1722922815,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"com,thebambooworks!\/black-sesame-steers-towards-140-million-hong-kong-ipo\/ s443","src_root_hash":"11455142050362493437","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Black Sesame steers towards $140 million Hong Kong IPO - Bamboo Works - China stock insights for global investors","meta_descriptions":["Black Sesame is the latest in a growing list of autonomous driving concept stocks aiming to tap financial markets in Hong Kong and the U.S."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"The chipmaker is the latest in a growing list of autonomous driving concept stocks aiming to tap financial markets in Hong Kong and the U.S.\nKey Takeaways:\nBlack Sesame is preparing to raise more than $100 million in a Hong Kong IPO, reporting its loss more than doubled from 2.4 billion yuan in 2021 to 4.9 billion yuan last year\nThe company faces stiff competition from Nvidia, HiSilicon, and startups like Horizon Robotics in the autonomous driving chip market\nBy Hugh Chen\nChina’s autonomous vehicle sector has recently captured public imagination, charming both ordinary people and investors with visions of streets filled with self-driving private cars, robotaxis and even robo-street sweepers. While actual technology may not fully match the hype, the surge in interest has helped to nurture the sector, leading a growing number of startups to test the capital markets with proposed IPOs.\nAgainst that backdrop,\nBlack Sesame International Holding Ltd\n., a leading provider of key chips that power autonomous vehicles, looks likely to become one of the first such concept stocks to list in Hong Kong, beating out other names like Zongmu. The company\nfirst filed\nfor such a listing more than a year ago, but failed to complete the process before the application expired in January.\nBut it didn’t give up and reapplied in March. It finally neared the finish line when it passed its listing hearing in June, clearing the way for the IPO. In its updated prospectus filed last week, it announced\nplans to issue\n37 million shares at a price range between HK$28 and HK$30.30 per share.\nThat could raise up to HK$1.12 billion ($143 million) if the shares price at the top of their range, with the stock set to make its trading debut on Thursday. The deal is significant not only for being one of the first in Hong Kong to make it to market, but also for raising a relatively large amount in the subdued Hong Kong IPO market.\nHong Kong has typically been one of the world’s biggest IPO markets, hosting many of China’s top private companies. The market has been chillier lately, with the biggest new listing so far this year coming from a tea chain whose shares sank on their trading debut. But\nanalysts say\nthe listing pace should pick up later in the year, fueled by the likes of larger listings like Black Sesame’s.\nFounded in 2016 by Tsinghua University alumni Shan Jizhang and Liu Weihong, who come from chipmaking and automotive backgrounds, Black Sesame specializes in system-on-chip (SoC) products that integrate key components like CPUs and memory for self-driving vehicles.\nThe company offers two series of products: Huashan and the recently launched Wudang series of SoCs, serving both automaker suppliers and automakers directly. Black Sesame’s SoCs are primarily used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), which fall under Level 3 on an autonomous driving scale where Level 0 is no autonomy and Level 5 is completely self-driving. Level 3 still requires a driver to be present and ready to take control.\nDeepening red ink\nLike most autonomous driving IPO candidates, Black Sesame is still hemorrhaging money, including combined losses of 10 billion yuan ($1.4 billion) for the three years through 2023. Its losses have been growing over that time, escalating from 2.4 billion yuan in 2021 to a hefty 4.9 billion yuan last year.\nSuch growing losses are common in the sector as companies ramp up their development of new products. Costs are especially big for chip developers, with Black Sesame reporting its R&D investment more than doubled from 595 million yuan in 2021 to 1.4 billion yuan last year.\nAnother factor driving the accelerating losses is the company’s relatively slow pace of commercialization. Black Sesame only started generating revenue in 2020. While its 2023 revenue of 312 million yuan tripled from 2021’s level, that growth may be losing momentum. The company’s revenue in the first quarter of this year reached just 27.5 million yuan, marking a contraction from the 29.3 million yuan a year earlier.\nBlack Sesame’s emphasis on the ADAS market, rather than fully autonomous driving, reflects a broader industry trend. Many companies have recently shifted to a more pragmatic approach, realizing that focusing on market-ready areas is more likely to generate bigger revenues from mass orders than pursuing fully autonomous vehicles that are still in development.\nAccording to third-party research cited in its prospectus, the global market for automotive driving SoCs for ADAS applications is projected to grow from 27.5 billion yuan in 2023 to 92.5 billion yuan by 2028. China is expected to be a major driver of this growth, with its market share expected to increase from 14.1 billion yuan to 49.6 billion yuan during that time.\nThough the market potential is enticing, competition is also fierce. While Black Sesame didn’t reveal its market share in the ADAS applications segment, its share in the broader Chinese autonomous driving SoC market stood at a modest 2.2%.\nIn the Chinese market, which is currently Black Sesame’s focus, the company faces formidable competition. It’s not only up against international juggernauts like U.S. giant\nNvidia\n(NVDA.US) and domestic powerhouse\nHiSilicon\n, the chipmaking unit of Huawei, but also a growing list of up-and-coming startups. One such competitor is\nHorizon Robotics\n, which earlier this year also filed to list in Hong Kong.\nMoreover, an emerging new trend could pose additional challenges for companies like Black Sesame. That trend is seeing automakers increasingly develop their own chips, potentially reducing their reliance on external partners. Three Chinese major automakers – Nio, Li Auto and XPeng – have all recently ramped up their investments in in-house chip development, local tech outlet 36Kr reported, a move that could shrink the market for independent chip suppliers.\nJudging from other similar chip startups, Black Sesame looks unlikely to turn a profit anytime soon. A case in point is\nCambricon\n(688256.SH), a Chinese chip designer focused on accelerators for AI systems, which has yet to turn a profit four years after going public.\nWhile Black Sesame is steering to more realistic goals to earn more revenue, it could also hold appeal for investors who believe in its vision of fully autonomous driving in the not-too-distant future. Recent hype surrounding robotaxis in the central Chinese city of Wuhan exemplifies such optimism. Last month, excitement about progress on that front fueled a surge of up to 13% in shares of\nBaidu\n(9888.HK; BIDU.US), a leader in autonomous vehicle development and the company behind the Wuhan robotaxis.\nDespite that surge, the shares have given back most of the gains since then and returned to multiyear lows. Still, the brief rise demonstrates the potential upside for shares of companies that can find a fast lane for turning autonomous driving technology into big business.\nTo subscribe to Bamboo Works free weekly newsletter, click \nhere","attrs_markdown":"[Skip to content](https:\/\/thebambooworks.com\/black-sesame-steers-towards-140-million-hong-kong-ipo\/#content)\n\n[![Bamboo Works](https:\/\/thebambooworks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/logo.svg)](https:\/\/thebambooworks.com\/)\n\nSearch\n\n[Register \/ Sign in](https:\/\/thebambooworks.com\/sign-in\/?rid=34624)\n\nMSCI China\n\n\\|\n\nMSCI China Small-Cap\n\n\\|\n\nHang Seng Index\n\n\\|\n\nHang Seng China Enterprise\n\n- [Categories]()\n  - [IPO](https:\/\/thebambooworks.com\/category\/ipo\/)\n  - [Ecommerce](https:\/\/thebambooworks.com\/category\/ecommerce\/)\n  - [Finance](https:\/\/thebambooworks.com\/category\/finance\/)\n  - [Social Media\/Entertainment](https:\/\/thebambooworks.com\/category\/social-media-entertainment\/)\n  - 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[Join us](https:\/\/thebambooworks.com\/join-us\/)\n\n# Black Sesame steers towards \\$140 million Hong Kong IPO\nAugust 6, 2024\n\n![Black Sesame to raise up to \\$140 million in IPO](https:\/\/thebambooworks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Black-Sesame-0806-01.jpg)\n\n*The chipmaker is the latest in a growing list of autonomous driving concept stocks aiming to tap financial markets in Hong Kong and the U.S.*\n\n#### **Key Takeaways:**\n- Black Sesame is preparing to raise more than \\$100 million in a Hong Kong IPO, reporting its loss more than doubled from 2.4 billion yuan in 2021 to 4.9 billion yuan last year\n- The company faces stiff competition from Nvidia, HiSilicon, and startups like Horizon Robotics in the autonomous driving chip market\n\nBy Hugh Chen\n\nChina’s autonomous vehicle sector has recently captured public imagination, charming both ordinary people and investors with visions of streets filled with self-driving private cars, robotaxis and even robo-street sweepers. While actual technology may not fully match the hype, the surge in interest has helped to nurture the sector, leading a growing number of startups to test the capital markets with proposed IPOs.\n\nAgainst that backdrop, **Black Sesame International Holding Ltd**., a leading provider of key chips that power autonomous vehicles, looks likely to become one of the first such concept stocks to list in Hong Kong, beating out other names like Zongmu. The company [**first filed**](https:\/\/thebambooworks.com\/black-sesame-test-drives-into-hong-kong-coasting-on-new-rules-for-high-tech-hot-shots\/) for such a listing more than a year ago, but failed to complete the process before the application expired in January.\n\nBut it didn’t give up and reapplied in March. It finally neared the finish line when it passed its listing hearing in June, clearing the way for the IPO. In its updated prospectus filed last week, it announced [**plans to issue**](https:\/\/www1.hkexnews.hk\/listedco\/listconews\/sehk\/2024\/0731\/2024073100015.pdf) 37 million shares at a price range between HK\\$28 and HK\\$30.30 per share.\n\nThat could raise up to HK\\$1.12 billion (\\$143 million) if the shares price at the top of their range, with the stock set to make its trading debut on Thursday. The deal is significant not only for being one of the first in Hong Kong to make it to market, but also for raising a relatively large amount in the subdued Hong Kong IPO market.\n\nHong Kong has typically been one of the world’s biggest IPO markets, hosting many of China’s top private companies. The market has been chillier lately, with the biggest new listing so far this year coming from a tea chain whose shares sank on their trading debut. But [**analysts say**](https:\/\/thebambooworks.com\/hong-kongs-lukewarm-ipo-market-may-be-about-to-heat-up\/) the listing pace should pick up later in the year, fueled by the likes of larger listings like Black Sesame’s.\n\nFounded in 2016 by Tsinghua University alumni Shan Jizhang and Liu Weihong, who come from chipmaking and automotive backgrounds, Black Sesame specializes in system-on-chip (SoC) products that integrate key components like CPUs and memory for self-driving vehicles.\n\nThe company offers two series of products: Huashan and the recently launched Wudang series of SoCs, serving both automaker suppliers and automakers directly. Black Sesame’s SoCs are primarily used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), which fall under Level 3 on an autonomous driving scale where Level 0 is no autonomy and Level 5 is completely self-driving. Level 3 still requires a driver to be present and ready to take control.\n\n#### **Deepening red ink**\nLike most autonomous driving IPO candidates, Black Sesame is still hemorrhaging money, including combined losses of 10 billion yuan (\\$1.4 billion) for the three years through 2023. Its losses have been growing over that time, escalating from 2.4 billion yuan in 2021 to a hefty 4.9 billion yuan last year.\n\nSuch growing losses are common in the sector as companies ramp up their development of new products. Costs are especially big for chip developers, with Black Sesame reporting its R\\&D investment more than doubled from 595 million yuan in 2021 to 1.4 billion yuan last year.\n\nAnother factor driving the accelerating losses is the company’s relatively slow pace of commercialization. Black Sesame only started generating revenue in 2020. While its 2023 revenue of 312 million yuan tripled from 2021’s level, that growth may be losing momentum. The company’s revenue in the first quarter of this year reached just 27.5 million yuan, marking a contraction from the 29.3 million yuan a year earlier.\n\nBlack Sesame’s emphasis on the ADAS market, rather than fully autonomous driving, reflects a broader industry trend. Many companies have recently shifted to a more pragmatic approach, realizing that focusing on market-ready areas is more likely to generate bigger revenues from mass orders than pursuing fully autonomous vehicles that are still in development.\n\nAccording to third-party research cited in its prospectus, the global market for automotive driving SoCs for ADAS applications is projected to grow from 27.5 billion yuan in 2023 to 92.5 billion yuan by 2028. China is expected to be a major driver of this growth, with its market share expected to increase from 14.1 billion yuan to 49.6 billion yuan during that time.\n\nThough the market potential is enticing, competition is also fierce. While Black Sesame didn’t reveal its market share in the ADAS applications segment, its share in the broader Chinese autonomous driving SoC market stood at a modest 2.2%.\n\nIn the Chinese market, which is currently Black Sesame’s focus, the company faces formidable competition. It’s not only up against international juggernauts like U.S. giant **Nvidia** (NVDA.US) and domestic powerhouse **HiSilicon**, the chipmaking unit of Huawei, but also a growing list of up-and-coming startups. One such competitor is **Horizon Robotics**, which earlier this year also filed to list in Hong Kong.\n\nMoreover, an emerging new trend could pose additional challenges for companies like Black Sesame. That trend is seeing automakers increasingly develop their own chips, potentially reducing their reliance on external partners. Three Chinese major automakers – Nio, Li Auto and XPeng – have all recently ramped up their investments in in-house chip development, local tech outlet 36Kr reported, a move that could shrink the market for independent chip suppliers.\n\nJudging from other similar chip startups, Black Sesame looks unlikely to turn a profit anytime soon. A case in point is **Cambricon** (688256.SH), a Chinese chip designer focused on accelerators for AI systems, which has yet to turn a profit four years after going public.\n\nWhile Black Sesame is steering to more realistic goals to earn more revenue, it could also hold appeal for investors who believe in its vision of fully autonomous driving in the not-too-distant future. Recent hype surrounding robotaxis in the central Chinese city of Wuhan exemplifies such optimism. Last month, excitement about progress on that front fueled a surge of up to 13% in shares of **Baidu** (9888.HK; BIDU.US), a leader in autonomous vehicle development and the company behind the Wuhan robotaxis.\n\nDespite that surge, the shares have given back most of the gains since then and returned to multiyear lows. Still, the brief rise demonstrates the potential upside for shares of companies that can find a fast lane for turning autonomous driving technology into big business.\n\n*To subscribe to Bamboo Works free weekly newsletter, click* [*here*](https:\/\/thebambooworks.com\/register\/)\n\n[Consumer](https:\/\/thebambooworks.com\/category\/consumer\/), [IPO](https:\/\/thebambooworks.com\/category\/ipo\/)\n\n[autonomous driving](https:\/\/thebambooworks.com\/tag\/autonomous-driving\/), [Black Sesame](https:\/\/thebambooworks.com\/tag\/black-sesame\/), [SoC](https:\/\/thebambooworks.com\/tag\/soc\/), [Horizon Robotics](https:\/\/thebambooworks.com\/tag\/horizon-robotics\/)\n\n## Related Articles\n[![Canban makes toothpaste](https:\/\/thebambooworks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/canban-0402-900x600-1-500x280.webp)](https:\/\/thebambooworks.com\/fast-rising-toothpaste-newcomer-brushes-up-for-ipo\/)\n\nApril 2, 2026\n\n### [Fast-rising toothpaste newcomer brushes up for 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new energy vehicle (NEV) maker Seres Group Co. Ltd. (9927.HK) said on Thursday it sold 27,484 vehicles in March, up 11.7% year-on-year but slowing sharply from the 39.3% growth…\n\nApril 2, 2026\n\n9927\\.HK\n\n[![](https:\/\/thebambooworks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/brief-infra-v4-500x280.webp)](https:\/\/thebambooworks.com\/dayone-to-invest-6-billion-in-malaysia-data-center-expansion\/)\n\n### [BRIEF: DayOne to invest \\$6 billion in Malaysia data center expansion](https:\/\/thebambooworks.com\/dayone-to-invest-6-billion-in-malaysia-data-center-expansion\/)\nDayOne Data Centers Ltd., an overseas affiliate of data center operator GDS Holdings (9698.HK; GDS.US), announced on Wednesday it will invest more than 28 billion ringgit (\\$6 billion) in Malaysia,…\n\nApril 2, 2026\n\n[9698\\.HK](https:\/\/thebambooworks.com\/stock\/gds-9698-hk\/)\n\nGDS.US\n\n[![iQiyi does entertainment](https:\/\/thebambooworks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/brief-social-v3.1-500x280.webp)](https:\/\/thebambooworks.com\/industry-brief-macao-gaming-revenue-rises-14-in-first-quarter\/)\n\n### [INDUSTRY BRIEF: Macao gaming revenue rises 14% in first quarter](https:\/\/thebambooworks.com\/industry-brief-macao-gaming-revenue-rises-14-in-first-quarter\/)\nMacao’s gross gaming revenue (GGR) totaled 22.6 billion patacas (\\$2.8 billion) in March, up 15% year-on-year, the city’s Gaming Inspection and Coordination Bureau (DICJ) said on Wednesday, exceeded market expectation…\n\nApril 2, 2026\n\n![](https:\/\/thebambooworks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/logo-1.svg)\n\nChina stock insights and analysis for global investors: Bamboo Works unlocks investment opportunities in Chinese companies listed in the U.S. & Hong Kong.\n\n- [About Us](https:\/\/thebambooworks.com\/who-we-are\/)\n- [Fast News](https:\/\/thebambooworks.com\/category\/fast-news\/)\n- [Audio\/Video](https:\/\/thebambooworks.com\/category\/audio-video\/)\n- [Expert Corner](https:\/\/thebambooworks.com\/category\/expert-corner\/)\n- [China ESG](https:\/\/thebambooworks.com\/tag\/esg\/)\n\n[Facebook](https:\/\/fb.me\/thebambooworks)\n\n[Twitter](https:\/\/twitter.com\/WorksBamboo)\n\n[Linkedin](https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/the-bamboo-works-74a74220a\/)\n\n[Weixin](https:\/\/thebambooworks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/wechat-qrcode-2024-e1718271159765.webp)\n\n[Weibo](https:\/\/weibo.com\/youngchinabiz\/home)\n\n[Youtube](https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@Bamboo-Works)\n\n### Categories\n- [New Energy](https:\/\/thebambooworks.com\/category\/new-energy\/)\n- [IPO](https:\/\/thebambooworks.com\/category\/ipo\/)\n- [AI\/Infrastructure\/Resources](https:\/\/thebambooworks.com\/category\/ai-infrastructure-resources\/)\n- [Education](https:\/\/thebambooworks.com\/category\/education\/)\n- [Finance](https:\/\/thebambooworks.com\/category\/finance\/)\n- [Social Media\/Entertainment](https:\/\/thebambooworks.com\/category\/social-media-entertainment\/)\n- [Consumer](https:\/\/thebambooworks.com\/category\/consumer\/)\n- [Ecommerce](https:\/\/thebambooworks.com\/category\/ecommerce\/)\n- [Healthcare\/biotech](https:\/\/thebambooworks.com\/category\/healthcare-biotech\/)\n- [Property](https:\/\/thebambooworks.com\/category\/all\/property\/)\n\n### Newsletter\nDiscover hidden China stock gems in our weekly newsletter\n\nCopyright © 2021 - 2026 Bamboo Works. All rights reserved.","attrs_readable_markdown":"*The chipmaker is the latest in a growing list of autonomous driving concept stocks aiming to tap financial markets in Hong Kong and the U.S.*\n\n#### **Key Takeaways:**\n- Black Sesame is preparing to raise more than \\$100 million in a Hong Kong IPO, reporting its loss more than doubled from 2.4 billion yuan in 2021 to 4.9 billion yuan last year\n- The company faces stiff competition from Nvidia, HiSilicon, and startups like Horizon Robotics in the autonomous driving chip market\n\nBy Hugh Chen\n\nChina’s autonomous vehicle sector has recently captured public imagination, charming both ordinary people and investors with visions of streets filled with self-driving private cars, robotaxis and even robo-street sweepers. While actual technology may not fully match the hype, the surge in interest has helped to nurture the sector, leading a growing number of startups to test the capital markets with proposed IPOs.\n\nAgainst that backdrop, **Black Sesame International Holding Ltd**., a leading provider of key chips that power autonomous vehicles, looks likely to become one of the first such concept stocks to list in Hong Kong, beating out other names like Zongmu. The company [**first filed**](https:\/\/thebambooworks.com\/black-sesame-test-drives-into-hong-kong-coasting-on-new-rules-for-high-tech-hot-shots\/) for such a listing more than a year ago, but failed to complete the process before the application expired in January.\n\nBut it didn’t give up and reapplied in March. It finally neared the finish line when it passed its listing hearing in June, clearing the way for the IPO. In its updated prospectus filed last week, it announced [**plans to issue**](https:\/\/www1.hkexnews.hk\/listedco\/listconews\/sehk\/2024\/0731\/2024073100015.pdf) 37 million shares at a price range between HK\\$28 and HK\\$30.30 per share.\n\nThat could raise up to HK\\$1.12 billion (\\$143 million) if the shares price at the top of their range, with the stock set to make its trading debut on Thursday. The deal is significant not only for being one of the first in Hong Kong to make it to market, but also for raising a relatively large amount in the subdued Hong Kong IPO market.\n\nHong Kong has typically been one of the world’s biggest IPO markets, hosting many of China’s top private companies. The market has been chillier lately, with the biggest new listing so far this year coming from a tea chain whose shares sank on their trading debut. But [**analysts say**](https:\/\/thebambooworks.com\/hong-kongs-lukewarm-ipo-market-may-be-about-to-heat-up\/) the listing pace should pick up later in the year, fueled by the likes of larger listings like Black Sesame’s.\n\nFounded in 2016 by Tsinghua University alumni Shan Jizhang and Liu Weihong, who come from chipmaking and automotive backgrounds, Black Sesame specializes in system-on-chip (SoC) products that integrate key components like CPUs and memory for self-driving vehicles.\n\nThe company offers two series of products: Huashan and the recently launched Wudang series of SoCs, serving both automaker suppliers and automakers directly. Black Sesame’s SoCs are primarily used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), which fall under Level 3 on an autonomous driving scale where Level 0 is no autonomy and Level 5 is completely self-driving. Level 3 still requires a driver to be present and ready to take control.\n\n#### **Deepening red ink**\nLike most autonomous driving IPO candidates, Black Sesame is still hemorrhaging money, including combined losses of 10 billion yuan (\\$1.4 billion) for the three years through 2023. Its losses have been growing over that time, escalating from 2.4 billion yuan in 2021 to a hefty 4.9 billion yuan last year.\n\nSuch growing losses are common in the sector as companies ramp up their development of new products. Costs are especially big for chip developers, with Black Sesame reporting its R\\&D investment more than doubled from 595 million yuan in 2021 to 1.4 billion yuan last year.\n\nAnother factor driving the accelerating losses is the company’s relatively slow pace of commercialization. Black Sesame only started generating revenue in 2020. While its 2023 revenue of 312 million yuan tripled from 2021’s level, that growth may be losing momentum. The company’s revenue in the first quarter of this year reached just 27.5 million yuan, marking a contraction from the 29.3 million yuan a year earlier.\n\nBlack Sesame’s emphasis on the ADAS market, rather than fully autonomous driving, reflects a broader industry trend. Many companies have recently shifted to a more pragmatic approach, realizing that focusing on market-ready areas is more likely to generate bigger revenues from mass orders than pursuing fully autonomous vehicles that are still in development.\n\nAccording to third-party research cited in its prospectus, the global market for automotive driving SoCs for ADAS applications is projected to grow from 27.5 billion yuan in 2023 to 92.5 billion yuan by 2028. China is expected to be a major driver of this growth, with its market share expected to increase from 14.1 billion yuan to 49.6 billion yuan during that time.\n\nThough the market potential is enticing, competition is also fierce. While Black Sesame didn’t reveal its market share in the ADAS applications segment, its share in the broader Chinese autonomous driving SoC market stood at a modest 2.2%.\n\nIn the Chinese market, which is currently Black Sesame’s focus, the company faces formidable competition. It’s not only up against international juggernauts like U.S. giant **Nvidia** (NVDA.US) and domestic powerhouse **HiSilicon**, the chipmaking unit of Huawei, but also a growing list of up-and-coming startups. One such competitor is **Horizon Robotics**, which earlier this year also filed to list in Hong Kong.\n\nMoreover, an emerging new trend could pose additional challenges for companies like Black Sesame. That trend is seeing automakers increasingly develop their own chips, potentially reducing their reliance on external partners. Three Chinese major automakers – Nio, Li Auto and XPeng – have all recently ramped up their investments in in-house chip development, local tech outlet 36Kr reported, a move that could shrink the market for independent chip suppliers.\n\nJudging from other similar chip startups, Black Sesame looks unlikely to turn a profit anytime soon. A case in point is **Cambricon** (688256.SH), a Chinese chip designer focused on accelerators for AI systems, which has yet to turn a profit four years after going public.\n\nWhile Black Sesame is steering to more realistic goals to earn more revenue, it could also hold appeal for investors who believe in its vision of fully autonomous driving in the not-too-distant future. Recent hype surrounding robotaxis in the central Chinese city of Wuhan exemplifies such optimism. Last month, excitement about progress on that front fueled a surge of up to 13% in shares of **Baidu** (9888.HK; BIDU.US), a leader in autonomous vehicle development and the company behind the Wuhan robotaxis.\n\nDespite that surge, the shares have given back most of the gains since then and returned to multiyear lows. Still, the brief rise demonstrates the potential upside for shares of companies that can find a fast lane for turning autonomous driving technology into big business.\n\n*To subscribe to Bamboo Works free weekly newsletter, click* [*here*](https:\/\/thebambooworks.com\/register\/)","meta_canonical":null}

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Boilerpipe Text	The chipmaker is the latest in a growing list of autonomous driving concept stocks aiming to tap financial markets in Hong Kong and the U.S. Key Takeaways: Black Sesame is preparing to raise more than $100 million in a Hong Kong IPO, reporting its loss more than doubled from 2.4 billion yuan in 2021 to 4.9 billion yuan last year The company faces stiff competition from Nvidia, HiSilicon, and startups like Horizon Robotics in the autonomous driving chip market By Hugh Chen China’s autonomous vehicle sector has recently captured public imagination, charming both ordinary people and investors with visions of streets filled with self-driving private cars, robotaxis and even robo-street sweepers. While actual technology may not fully match the hype, the surge in interest has helped to nurture the sector, leading a growing number of startups to test the capital markets with proposed IPOs. Against that backdrop, Black Sesame International Holding Ltd ., a leading provider of key chips that power autonomous vehicles, looks likely to become one of the first such concept stocks to list in Hong Kong, beating out other names like Zongmu. The company first filed for such a listing more than a year ago, but failed to complete the process before the application expired in January. But it didn’t give up and reapplied in March. It finally neared the finish line when it passed its listing hearing in June, clearing the way for the IPO. In its updated prospectus filed last week, it announced plans to issue 37 million shares at a price range between HK$28 and HK$30.30 per share. That could raise up to HK$1.12 billion ($143 million) if the shares price at the top of their range, with the stock set to make its trading debut on Thursday. The deal is significant not only for being one of the first in Hong Kong to make it to market, but also for raising a relatively large amount in the subdued Hong Kong IPO market. Hong Kong has typically been one of the world’s biggest IPO markets, hosting many of China’s top private companies. The market has been chillier lately, with the biggest new listing so far this year coming from a tea chain whose shares sank on their trading debut. But analysts say the listing pace should pick up later in the year, fueled by the likes of larger listings like Black Sesame’s. Founded in 2016 by Tsinghua University alumni Shan Jizhang and Liu Weihong, who come from chipmaking and automotive backgrounds, Black Sesame specializes in system-on-chip (SoC) products that integrate key components like CPUs and memory for self-driving vehicles. The company offers two series of products: Huashan and the recently launched Wudang series of SoCs, serving both automaker suppliers and automakers directly. Black Sesame’s SoCs are primarily used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), which fall under Level 3 on an autonomous driving scale where Level 0 is no autonomy and Level 5 is completely self-driving. Level 3 still requires a driver to be present and ready to take control. Deepening red ink Like most autonomous driving IPO candidates, Black Sesame is still hemorrhaging money, including combined losses of 10 billion yuan ($1.4 billion) for the three years through 2023. Its losses have been growing over that time, escalating from 2.4 billion yuan in 2021 to a hefty 4.9 billion yuan last year. Such growing losses are common in the sector as companies ramp up their development of new products. Costs are especially big for chip developers, with Black Sesame reporting its R&D investment more than doubled from 595 million yuan in 2021 to 1.4 billion yuan last year. Another factor driving the accelerating losses is the company’s relatively slow pace of commercialization. Black Sesame only started generating revenue in 2020. While its 2023 revenue of 312 million yuan tripled from 2021’s level, that growth may be losing momentum. The company’s revenue in the first quarter of this year reached just 27.5 million yuan, marking a contraction from the 29.3 million yuan a year earlier. Black Sesame’s emphasis on the ADAS market, rather than fully autonomous driving, reflects a broader industry trend. Many companies have recently shifted to a more pragmatic approach, realizing that focusing on market-ready areas is more likely to generate bigger revenues from mass orders than pursuing fully autonomous vehicles that are still in development. According to third-party research cited in its prospectus, the global market for automotive driving SoCs for ADAS applications is projected to grow from 27.5 billion yuan in 2023 to 92.5 billion yuan by 2028. China is expected to be a major driver of this growth, with its market share expected to increase from 14.1 billion yuan to 49.6 billion yuan during that time. Though the market potential is enticing, competition is also fierce. While Black Sesame didn’t reveal its market share in the ADAS applications segment, its share in the broader Chinese autonomous driving SoC market stood at a modest 2.2%. In the Chinese market, which is currently Black Sesame’s focus, the company faces formidable competition. It’s not only up against international juggernauts like U.S. giant Nvidia (NVDA.US) and domestic powerhouse HiSilicon , the chipmaking unit of Huawei, but also a growing list of up-and-coming startups. One such competitor is Horizon Robotics , which earlier this year also filed to list in Hong Kong. Moreover, an emerging new trend could pose additional challenges for companies like Black Sesame. That trend is seeing automakers increasingly develop their own chips, potentially reducing their reliance on external partners. Three Chinese major automakers – Nio, Li Auto and XPeng – have all recently ramped up their investments in in-house chip development, local tech outlet 36Kr reported, a move that could shrink the market for independent chip suppliers. Judging from other similar chip startups, Black Sesame looks unlikely to turn a profit anytime soon. A case in point is Cambricon (688256.SH), a Chinese chip designer focused on accelerators for AI systems, which has yet to turn a profit four years after going public. While Black Sesame is steering to more realistic goals to earn more revenue, it could also hold appeal for investors who believe in its vision of fully autonomous driving in the not-too-distant future. Recent hype surrounding robotaxis in the central Chinese city of Wuhan exemplifies such optimism. Last month, excitement about progress on that front fueled a surge of up to 13% in shares of Baidu (9888.HK; BIDU.US), a leader in autonomous vehicle development and the company behind the Wuhan robotaxis. Despite that surge, the shares have given back most of the gains since then and returned to multiyear lows. Still, the brief rise demonstrates the potential upside for shares of companies that can find a fast lane for turning autonomous driving technology into big business. To subscribe to Bamboo Works free weekly newsletter, click here
Markdown	[Skip to content](https://thebambooworks.com/black-sesame-steers-towards-140-million-hong-kong-ipo/#content) [![Bamboo Works](https://thebambooworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/logo.svg)](https://thebambooworks.com/) Search [Register / Sign in](https://thebambooworks.com/sign-in/?rid=34624) MSCI China \\| MSCI China Small-Cap \\| Hang Seng Index \\| Hang Seng China Enterprise - [Categories]() - [IPO](https://thebambooworks.com/category/ipo/) - [Ecommerce](https://thebambooworks.com/category/ecommerce/) - [Finance](https://thebambooworks.com/category/finance/) - [Social Media/Entertainment](https://thebambooworks.com/category/social-media-entertainment/) - [Consumer](https://thebambooworks.com/category/consumer/) - [Education](https://thebambooworks.com/category/education/) - [Healthcare/biotech](https://thebambooworks.com/category/healthcare-biotech/) - [New Energy](https://thebambooworks.com/category/new-energy/) - [AI/Infrastructure/Resources](https://thebambooworks.com/category/ai-infrastructure-resources/) - [Property](https://thebambooworks.com/category/all/property/) - [Fast News](https://thebambooworks.com/category/fast-news/) - [Expert Corner](https://thebambooworks.com/category/expert-corner/) - [Audio/Video](https://thebambooworks.com/category/audio-video/) - [IPO](https://thebambooworks.com/category/ipo/) - [About](https://thebambooworks.com/who-we-are/) - [Who We Are](https://thebambooworks.com/who-we-are/) - [Our Writers](https://thebambooworks.com/our-writers/) - [Partner with us](https://thebambooworks.com/partner-with-us/) - [Contact Us](https://thebambooworks.com/contact-us/) - [Join us](https://thebambooworks.com/join-us/) - [Eng](https://thebambooworks.com/black-sesame-steers-towards-140-million-hong-kong-ipo/) - [简中](https://thebambooworks.com/cn/%E4%B8%89%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%AF%E4%BA%8F%E7%99%BE%E4%BA%BF%E7%9A%84%E9%BB%91%E8%8A%9D%E9%BA%BB-%E5%9C%A8%E6%B8%AF%E4%B8%8A%E5%B8%82%E9%9B%86%E8%B5%841-4%E4%BA%BF%E7%BE%8E%E5%85%83/) - [繁中](https://thebambooworks.com/zh/%E4%B8%89%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%AF%E8%99%A7%E7%99%BE%E5%84%84%E7%9A%84%E9%BB%91%E8%8A%9D%E9%BA%BB-%E5%9C%A8%E6%B8%AF%E4%B8%8A%E5%B8%82%E9%9B%86%E8%B3%871-4%E5%84%84%E7%BE%8E%E5%85%83/) Menu - [Categories]() - [IPO](https://thebambooworks.com/category/ipo/) - [Ecommerce](https://thebambooworks.com/category/ecommerce/) - [Finance](https://thebambooworks.com/category/finance/) - [Social Media/Entertainment](https://thebambooworks.com/category/social-media-entertainment/) - [Consumer](https://thebambooworks.com/category/consumer/) - [Education](https://thebambooworks.com/category/education/) - [Healthcare/biotech](https://thebambooworks.com/category/healthcare-biotech/) - [New Energy](https://thebambooworks.com/category/new-energy/) - [AI/Infrastructure/Resources](https://thebambooworks.com/category/ai-infrastructure-resources/) - [Property](https://thebambooworks.com/category/all/property/) - [Fast News](https://thebambooworks.com/category/fast-news/) - [Expert Corner](https://thebambooworks.com/category/expert-corner/) - [Audio/Video](https://thebambooworks.com/category/audio-video/) - [IPO](https://thebambooworks.com/category/ipo/) - [About](https://thebambooworks.com/who-we-are/) - [Who We Are](https://thebambooworks.com/who-we-are/) - [Our Writers](https://thebambooworks.com/our-writers/) - [Partner with us](https://thebambooworks.com/partner-with-us/) - [Contact Us](https://thebambooworks.com/contact-us/) - [Join us](https://thebambooworks.com/join-us/) # Black Sesame steers towards \$140 million Hong Kong IPO August 6, 2024 ![Black Sesame to raise up to \$140 million in IPO](https://thebambooworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Black-Sesame-0806-01.jpg) The chipmaker is the latest in a growing list of autonomous driving concept stocks aiming to tap financial markets in Hong Kong and the U.S. #### Key Takeaways: - Black Sesame is preparing to raise more than \$100 million in a Hong Kong IPO, reporting its loss more than doubled from 2.4 billion yuan in 2021 to 4.9 billion yuan last year - The company faces stiff competition from Nvidia, HiSilicon, and startups like Horizon Robotics in the autonomous driving chip market By Hugh Chen China’s autonomous vehicle sector has recently captured public imagination, charming both ordinary people and investors with visions of streets filled with self-driving private cars, robotaxis and even robo-street sweepers. While actual technology may not fully match the hype, the surge in interest has helped to nurture the sector, leading a growing number of startups to test the capital markets with proposed IPOs. Against that backdrop, Black Sesame International Holding Ltd., a leading provider of key chips that power autonomous vehicles, looks likely to become one of the first such concept stocks to list in Hong Kong, beating out other names like Zongmu. The company [first filed](https://thebambooworks.com/black-sesame-test-drives-into-hong-kong-coasting-on-new-rules-for-high-tech-hot-shots/) for such a listing more than a year ago, but failed to complete the process before the application expired in January. But it didn’t give up and reapplied in March. It finally neared the finish line when it passed its listing hearing in June, clearing the way for the IPO. In its updated prospectus filed last week, it announced [plans to issue](https://www1.hkexnews.hk/listedco/listconews/sehk/2024/0731/2024073100015.pdf) 37 million shares at a price range between HK\$28 and HK\$30.30 per share. That could raise up to HK\$1.12 billion (\$143 million) if the shares price at the top of their range, with the stock set to make its trading debut on Thursday. The deal is significant not only for being one of the first in Hong Kong to make it to market, but also for raising a relatively large amount in the subdued Hong Kong IPO market. Hong Kong has typically been one of the world’s biggest IPO markets, hosting many of China’s top private companies. The market has been chillier lately, with the biggest new listing so far this year coming from a tea chain whose shares sank on their trading debut. But [analysts say](https://thebambooworks.com/hong-kongs-lukewarm-ipo-market-may-be-about-to-heat-up/) the listing pace should pick up later in the year, fueled by the likes of larger listings like Black Sesame’s. Founded in 2016 by Tsinghua University alumni Shan Jizhang and Liu Weihong, who come from chipmaking and automotive backgrounds, Black Sesame specializes in system-on-chip (SoC) products that integrate key components like CPUs and memory for self-driving vehicles. The company offers two series of products: Huashan and the recently launched Wudang series of SoCs, serving both automaker suppliers and automakers directly. Black Sesame’s SoCs are primarily used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), which fall under Level 3 on an autonomous driving scale where Level 0 is no autonomy and Level 5 is completely self-driving. Level 3 still requires a driver to be present and ready to take control. #### Deepening red ink Like most autonomous driving IPO candidates, Black Sesame is still hemorrhaging money, including combined losses of 10 billion yuan (\$1.4 billion) for the three years through 2023. Its losses have been growing over that time, escalating from 2.4 billion yuan in 2021 to a hefty 4.9 billion yuan last year. Such growing losses are common in the sector as companies ramp up their development of new products. Costs are especially big for chip developers, with Black Sesame reporting its R\&D investment more than doubled from 595 million yuan in 2021 to 1.4 billion yuan last year. Another factor driving the accelerating losses is the company’s relatively slow pace of commercialization. Black Sesame only started generating revenue in 2020. While its 2023 revenue of 312 million yuan tripled from 2021’s level, that growth may be losing momentum. The company’s revenue in the first quarter of this year reached just 27.5 million yuan, marking a contraction from the 29.3 million yuan a year earlier. Black Sesame’s emphasis on the ADAS market, rather than fully autonomous driving, reflects a broader industry trend. Many companies have recently shifted to a more pragmatic approach, realizing that focusing on market-ready areas is more likely to generate bigger revenues from mass orders than pursuing fully autonomous vehicles that are still in development. According to third-party research cited in its prospectus, the global market for automotive driving SoCs for ADAS applications is projected to grow from 27.5 billion yuan in 2023 to 92.5 billion yuan by 2028. China is expected to be a major driver of this growth, with its market share expected to increase from 14.1 billion yuan to 49.6 billion yuan during that time. Though the market potential is enticing, competition is also fierce. While Black Sesame didn’t reveal its market share in the ADAS applications segment, its share in the broader Chinese autonomous driving SoC market stood at a modest 2.2%. In the Chinese market, which is currently Black Sesame’s focus, the company faces formidable competition. It’s not only up against international juggernauts like U.S. giant Nvidia (NVDA.US) and domestic powerhouse HiSilicon, the chipmaking unit of Huawei, but also a growing list of up-and-coming startups. One such competitor is Horizon Robotics, which earlier this year also filed to list in Hong Kong. Moreover, an emerging new trend could pose additional challenges for companies like Black Sesame. That trend is seeing automakers increasingly develop their own chips, potentially reducing their reliance on external partners. Three Chinese major automakers – Nio, Li Auto and XPeng – have all recently ramped up their investments in in-house chip development, local tech outlet 36Kr reported, a move that could shrink the market for independent chip suppliers. Judging from other similar chip startups, Black Sesame looks unlikely to turn a profit anytime soon. A case in point is Cambricon (688256.SH), a Chinese chip designer focused on accelerators for AI systems, which has yet to turn a profit four years after going public. While Black Sesame is steering to more realistic goals to earn more revenue, it could also hold appeal for investors who believe in its vision of fully autonomous driving in the not-too-distant future. Recent hype surrounding robotaxis in the central Chinese city of Wuhan exemplifies such optimism. Last month, excitement about progress on that front fueled a surge of up to 13% in shares of Baidu (9888.HK; BIDU.US), a leader in autonomous vehicle development and the company behind the Wuhan robotaxis. Despite that surge, the shares have given back most of the gains since then and returned to multiyear lows. Still, the brief rise demonstrates the potential upside for shares of companies that can find a fast lane for turning autonomous driving technology into big business. 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Readable Markdown	The chipmaker is the latest in a growing list of autonomous driving concept stocks aiming to tap financial markets in Hong Kong and the U.S. #### Key Takeaways: - Black Sesame is preparing to raise more than \$100 million in a Hong Kong IPO, reporting its loss more than doubled from 2.4 billion yuan in 2021 to 4.9 billion yuan last year - The company faces stiff competition from Nvidia, HiSilicon, and startups like Horizon Robotics in the autonomous driving chip market By Hugh Chen China’s autonomous vehicle sector has recently captured public imagination, charming both ordinary people and investors with visions of streets filled with self-driving private cars, robotaxis and even robo-street sweepers. While actual technology may not fully match the hype, the surge in interest has helped to nurture the sector, leading a growing number of startups to test the capital markets with proposed IPOs. Against that backdrop, Black Sesame International Holding Ltd., a leading provider of key chips that power autonomous vehicles, looks likely to become one of the first such concept stocks to list in Hong Kong, beating out other names like Zongmu. The company [first filed](https://thebambooworks.com/black-sesame-test-drives-into-hong-kong-coasting-on-new-rules-for-high-tech-hot-shots/) for such a listing more than a year ago, but failed to complete the process before the application expired in January. But it didn’t give up and reapplied in March. It finally neared the finish line when it passed its listing hearing in June, clearing the way for the IPO. In its updated prospectus filed last week, it announced [plans to issue](https://www1.hkexnews.hk/listedco/listconews/sehk/2024/0731/2024073100015.pdf) 37 million shares at a price range between HK\$28 and HK\$30.30 per share. That could raise up to HK\$1.12 billion (\$143 million) if the shares price at the top of their range, with the stock set to make its trading debut on Thursday. The deal is significant not only for being one of the first in Hong Kong to make it to market, but also for raising a relatively large amount in the subdued Hong Kong IPO market. Hong Kong has typically been one of the world’s biggest IPO markets, hosting many of China’s top private companies. The market has been chillier lately, with the biggest new listing so far this year coming from a tea chain whose shares sank on their trading debut. But [analysts say](https://thebambooworks.com/hong-kongs-lukewarm-ipo-market-may-be-about-to-heat-up/) the listing pace should pick up later in the year, fueled by the likes of larger listings like Black Sesame’s. Founded in 2016 by Tsinghua University alumni Shan Jizhang and Liu Weihong, who come from chipmaking and automotive backgrounds, Black Sesame specializes in system-on-chip (SoC) products that integrate key components like CPUs and memory for self-driving vehicles. The company offers two series of products: Huashan and the recently launched Wudang series of SoCs, serving both automaker suppliers and automakers directly. Black Sesame’s SoCs are primarily used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), which fall under Level 3 on an autonomous driving scale where Level 0 is no autonomy and Level 5 is completely self-driving. Level 3 still requires a driver to be present and ready to take control. #### Deepening red ink Like most autonomous driving IPO candidates, Black Sesame is still hemorrhaging money, including combined losses of 10 billion yuan (\$1.4 billion) for the three years through 2023. Its losses have been growing over that time, escalating from 2.4 billion yuan in 2021 to a hefty 4.9 billion yuan last year. Such growing losses are common in the sector as companies ramp up their development of new products. Costs are especially big for chip developers, with Black Sesame reporting its R\&D investment more than doubled from 595 million yuan in 2021 to 1.4 billion yuan last year. Another factor driving the accelerating losses is the company’s relatively slow pace of commercialization. Black Sesame only started generating revenue in 2020. While its 2023 revenue of 312 million yuan tripled from 2021’s level, that growth may be losing momentum. The company’s revenue in the first quarter of this year reached just 27.5 million yuan, marking a contraction from the 29.3 million yuan a year earlier. Black Sesame’s emphasis on the ADAS market, rather than fully autonomous driving, reflects a broader industry trend. Many companies have recently shifted to a more pragmatic approach, realizing that focusing on market-ready areas is more likely to generate bigger revenues from mass orders than pursuing fully autonomous vehicles that are still in development. According to third-party research cited in its prospectus, the global market for automotive driving SoCs for ADAS applications is projected to grow from 27.5 billion yuan in 2023 to 92.5 billion yuan by 2028. China is expected to be a major driver of this growth, with its market share expected to increase from 14.1 billion yuan to 49.6 billion yuan during that time. Though the market potential is enticing, competition is also fierce. While Black Sesame didn’t reveal its market share in the ADAS applications segment, its share in the broader Chinese autonomous driving SoC market stood at a modest 2.2%. In the Chinese market, which is currently Black Sesame’s focus, the company faces formidable competition. It’s not only up against international juggernauts like U.S. giant Nvidia (NVDA.US) and domestic powerhouse HiSilicon, the chipmaking unit of Huawei, but also a growing list of up-and-coming startups. One such competitor is Horizon Robotics, which earlier this year also filed to list in Hong Kong. Moreover, an emerging new trend could pose additional challenges for companies like Black Sesame. That trend is seeing automakers increasingly develop their own chips, potentially reducing their reliance on external partners. Three Chinese major automakers – Nio, Li Auto and XPeng – have all recently ramped up their investments in in-house chip development, local tech outlet 36Kr reported, a move that could shrink the market for independent chip suppliers. Judging from other similar chip startups, Black Sesame looks unlikely to turn a profit anytime soon. A case in point is Cambricon (688256.SH), a Chinese chip designer focused on accelerators for AI systems, which has yet to turn a profit four years after going public. While Black Sesame is steering to more realistic goals to earn more revenue, it could also hold appeal for investors who believe in its vision of fully autonomous driving in the not-too-distant future. Recent hype surrounding robotaxis in the central Chinese city of Wuhan exemplifies such optimism. Last month, excitement about progress on that front fueled a surge of up to 13% in shares of Baidu (9888.HK; BIDU.US), a leader in autonomous vehicle development and the company behind the Wuhan robotaxis. Despite that surge, the shares have given back most of the gains since then and returned to multiyear lows. Still, the brief rise demonstrates the potential upside for shares of companies that can find a fast lane for turning autonomous driving technology into big business. To subscribe to Bamboo Works free weekly newsletter, click [here](https://thebambooworks.com/register/)
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