🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 122 (from laksa195)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa122.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix","crawl_time":1770884470,"first_indexed_time":1395244530,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"com,superuser!\/questions\/tagged\/unix s443","src_root_hash":"3131140398176769522","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Newest 'unix' Questions - Super User","meta_descriptions":[],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"0\nvotes\n1\nanswer\n29\nviews\nHow can I combine many directories, recursively?\nI recently exported a cloud drive to change storage providers. When I exported the drive, I had to download it in 25 GB parts. Directories (especially noticeable with large directories) were split ...\n3\nasked\n2 days ago\n0\nvotes\n1\nanswer\n58\nviews\nCopy piece of text from one file to another in console\nAssume the situation: you are sitting at physical terminal which consists of display + keyboard, no mouse, of the machine with some modern UNIX-like system (assume one of: some Linux-based OS, FreeBSD,...\n113\nasked\nNov 9, 2025 at 13:52\n0\nvotes\n0\nanswers\n262\nviews\nchmod and setfacl not working on samba share after mount\nI want file permissions on mounted share to match the files stored on the server as well as allow the connected user to change them.\nI needed smb3 unix extensions enabled to see the same file ...\n1\nasked\nJun 15, 2025 at 22:18\n1\nvote\n0\nanswers\n177\nviews\nHow to sync Unix passwords to Samba 4 on Debian 12?\nHow do I sync Samba passwords with Unix passwords so that if passwd command is executed then Samba passwords are updated to match a new unix password?\nProblems:\n\nunix password sync = yes updates unix ...\n121\nasked\nJun 7, 2025 at 23:36\n0\nvotes\n0\nanswers\n352\nviews\nOpenVPN connection drops because keepalive does not work\nI have Arch Linux with OpenVPN installed and I noticed the connection drops and restarts after the keepalive timeout.\n\nWith the keepalive ping of the .ovpn, connection drops from inactivity; with a ...\n1\nasked\nMay 11, 2025 at 13:47\n0\nvotes\n0\nanswers\n41\nviews\nddgr not showing relevant results\nthe number of search results is always limited to 10. even if I pass argument as 5,ddgr shows 10 results. would you please be kind enough to pass some examples of search results with number of results ...\n37\nasked\nApr 15, 2025 at 15:27\n2\nvotes\n1\nanswer\n280\nviews\nGet Proportional Resident Memory (PSS) of processes on MacOS\nI have been scouring the depths of the web in search of a way to obtain programmatically (No Activity Monitor) the Proportional Resident Memory (PSS) of processes on modern (Sequoia, Apple Silicon) ...\n23\nasked\nMar 16, 2025 at 7:33\n1\nvote\n1\nanswer\n81\nviews\n1st character is getting replaced when trying to insert character at the end of a line of a csv file - Unix Bash\nI have a csv file (new_test.csv) with below contents,\n202503,47330,2025,2022,1,0,0,1\nWhen I tried doing this,\ncat new_test.csv | while read line; do echo ${line}\",\"; done\nI am getting an ...\n11\nasked\nMar 11, 2025 at 6:01\n0\nvotes\n0\nanswers\n100\nviews\nWhy does sudo -i -u fail to pick up the correct home directory?\nOn a fresh vast.ai instance configured with their pytorch template, I am trying to figure out why I can't create properly configured users.  After doing useradd --shell \/usr\/bin\/bash -m jason, the ...\n241\nasked\nJan 2, 2025 at 19:31\n2\nvotes\n1\nanswer\n718\nviews\nHow can an OS be POSIX-compliant without being basically UNIX?\nAs I understand being POSIX-compliant means being able to present an API layer that satisfy all the unix system calls.\nHowever many of these calls assume users, files, processes, permissions, virtual ...\n121\nasked\nDec 19, 2024 at 11:18\n0\nvotes\n1\nanswer\n132\nviews\nconfusing `rm` command corner behavior\nI am trying to understand the corner case behaviors of rm command. In a folder owned and grouped by root, I have a file owned by user alice. However, user alice does not have any permissions on the ...\n103\nasked\nDec 11, 2024 at 0:04\n1\nvote\n0\nanswers\n62\nviews\nAccute sign does not work as first character of a line\nI have a problem when I type ´+E or ´+A, it should produces É and Á but it is deleted instantaneously. In firefox search bar it works as expect, but in skype or whatsapp it doesnt. My keybord is abnt2....\n400\nasked\nNov 19, 2024 at 21:13\n1\nvote\n1\nanswer\n217\nviews\nHow to fix incomplete grep\nSo I constantly make the mistake of mis-typing my grep commands.\nI mean to type grep searchstring *  However, I often forget to put the * and end up hitting enter after typing grep searchstring.\nThis ...\n133\nasked\nNov 7, 2024 at 20:37\n0\nvotes\n1\nanswer\n138\nviews\nMan command broken (MacOS 14.6.1)\nEntering \"man (anything)\" returns \"No manual entry for (anything)(anything)\", e.g. \"man man\" return \"No manual entry for manman\".\nI've tried new shells, ...\n31\nasked\nSep 14, 2024 at 15:40\n0\nvotes\n1\nanswer\n658\nviews\nWhat format does a Postfix Milter use?\nI am attempting to write a custom miller for postfix , but am not sure what format I need to use before I begin writing my logic.\nSo far, I have postfix sending mail to a miller with:\n...\n43\nasked\nJul 14, 2024 at 13:27\n0\nvotes\n1\nanswer\n538\nviews\nUnix Sockets as Portrayed via Netstat\nI do not have much experience with Unix sockets, but I hope this is the place to start. I want to start with understanding what is going on with a netstat -n command. Is it normal behavior to have ...\n11\nasked\nJun 3, 2024 at 6:01\n1\nvote\n1\nanswer\n695\nviews\nIssue when creating a new user and group on macOS\nI need to create a user and a group called postgres on my mac but I seem to have issues with that. The reason for needing this user is because I've installed postgresql@15 via brew and it created a ...\n113\nasked\nMay 12, 2024 at 17:51\n1\nvote\n0\nanswers\n135\nviews\nHow to let root use sudoedit as if it was a user?\nI'm writing a wrapper for myself around vim that detects when the user's trying to edit a file that doesn't belong to them, and suggests sudoedit or visudo instead. I want to use sudoedit rather than ...\n11\nasked\nApr 8, 2024 at 0:30\n2\nvotes\n0\nanswers\n165\nviews\nHow to detox filenames in a bash script with no errors posted?\nOS: Kubuntu 22.04.4 LTS x86_64\ndetox 1.4.5\nTo display above:\nneofetch --stdout |grep 'OS:'\ndetox -V\n\nHere is a toxic filename, starts with s1:\ns1 Ä Ö Ü - ä ö ü Science & < > \" 1 \\ 2 ⁄ 3 ...\n525\nasked\nMar 30, 2024 at 15:56\n0\nvotes\n1\nanswer\n1k\nviews\nBroken pipe, write error: An epidemic of unnecessary output\nIn the last few months, a problem has been spreading across my systems. That of broken pipe errors:\n# Solution:\n# silenced by replacing \/bin\/bzip2 -> bzip2-reference\n#                    to \/bin\/...\n1\nasked\nMar 17, 2024 at 19:52\n2\nvotes\n1\nanswer\n126\nviews\nHow can I use the last changed file as an argument in linux?\nI'm thinking of using the last changed file as an argument to commands like ls, echo, or cat, is there a simple and efficient way? this question arose when I was faced with analyzing the latest log ...\n21\nasked\nMar 11, 2024 at 6:47\n0\nvotes\n1\nanswer\n452\nviews\nSplit a large gz compressed file into smaller compressed file gz\nMy requirement is to load a gz file from gcs to BQ. I am using python and Airflow but it is throwing an error that if a single compressed file size is greater than 5 GB, then we can't load it. I have ...\n1\nasked\nMar 7, 2024 at 19:18\n0\nvotes\n3\nanswers\n230\nviews\ndisplay path to files with same names\nwith this command in Terminal:\nls -R |sort | uniq -d | sort -r \n\nI can display a list of files with the same names located in the running directory and subdirectories.\nBut I would like to display also ...\n1\nasked\nJan 30, 2024 at 10:39\n1\nvote\n1\nanswer\n507\nviews\nHow to run Homebrew service with flags?\nI'm running on macOS Sonoma and trying to run this service called AutoRaise. Someone made a Homebrew package for it here. I installed it using Homebrew with my desired flag, brew install autoraise --...\n113\nasked\nDec 25, 2023 at 19:27\n1\nvote\n1\nanswer\n2k\nviews\nShell command to tar directory excluding certain folders\nIn Bash 4, I want make a tar.gz with excluded folders, and while tons of answers about this simple case exist, nothing works in my case.\nI would like to keep the directory mentioned in exclude, ...\n13\nasked\nDec 12, 2023 at 13:17\n0\nvotes\n0\nanswers\n424\nviews\nwhat does ARG_MAX mean when I run a script?\nUp to now I know what ARG_MAX means (thanks to EdMorton):\nls foo bar\n\nThe command is ls and it has three arguments: foo,   and bar. It's 7 characters, so the arguments of ls in here is 7.\nNow let's ...\n463\nasked\nNov 2, 2023 at 19:17\n0\nvotes\n2\nanswers\n2k\nviews\nawk string replacement - properly escape '&' character\nI am working on one of our applications to update the docker image from using static configs for each environment to a single template using dynamic variable insertion with awk. Our Dockerfile calls a ...\n13\nasked\nNov 1, 2023 at 17:00\n0\nvotes\n0\nanswers\n230\nviews\nPermission denied on writing into the hard drive\nI am trying to download files into an Azure virtual machine. It seems that I have 400 GB hard drive but as a not experienced user, I have saved the files within the \/dev\/root filesystem, which is ...\n101\nasked\nSep 10, 2023 at 14:06\n0\nvotes\n1\nanswer\n513\nviews\nWhy are simlink loop not an issue?\nSo I learned that hardlink on folders are forbidden to avoid infinite loops in the file system. Seems a good idea! But why is it not a problem to create an infinite loop with simlinks on folders? Why ...\n103\nasked\nSep 7, 2023 at 15:31\n0\nvotes\n1\nanswer\n834\nviews\nConnection refused PuTTY to VMWare workstation guest Rocky Linux\nI have Windows 10 Pro, in which VMWare Workstation 16 is installed. The guest system I use there is Rocky Linux 8.8.\nThe problem I’m getting Connection refused PuTTY to VMWare workstation guest OS ...\n1\nasked\nSep 3, 2023 at 7:41","attrs_markdown":"# ![site logo](https:\/\/stackoverflow.com\/Content\/Img\/SE-logo75.png)\nBy clicking “Sign up”, you agree to our [terms of service](https:\/\/superuser.com\/legal\/terms-of-service\/public) and acknowledge you have read our [privacy policy](https:\/\/superuser.com\/legal\/privacy-policy).\n\n# OR\n\nAlready have an account? 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[Learn more](https:\/\/stackoverflow.co\/internal\/?utm_medium=referral&utm_source=superuser-community&utm_campaign=side-bar&utm_content=explore-teams-compact)\n\n**Stack Internal**\n\nKnowledge at work\n\nBring the best of human thought and AI automation together at your work.\n\n[Explore Stack Internal](https:\/\/stackoverflow.co\/internal\/?utm_medium=referral&utm_source=superuser-community&utm_campaign=side-bar&utm_content=explore-teams-compact-popover)\n\n# Questions tagged \\[unix\\]\n[Ask Question](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/ask)\n\nUnix is a multitasking, multi-user computer operating system originally developed in 1969 by a group of AT\\&T employees at Bell Labs.\n\n- [Learn more…](https:\/\/superuser.com\/tags\/unix\/info \"Tag wiki\")\n- [Top users](https:\/\/superuser.com\/tags\/unix\/topusers \"Top answerers and askers in this tag\")\n- [Synonyms](https:\/\/superuser.com\/tags\/unix\/synonyms \"Common, alternate spellings or phrasings for this tag\")\n\n4,010 questions\n\n[Newest](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix?tab=Newest)   [Active](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix?tab=Active)   [Bountied](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix?tab=Bounties)   [Unanswered](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix?tab=Unanswered)\n\nMore\n\n- [Bountied 0](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix?tab=Bounties)\n- [Unanswered](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix?tab=Unanswered)\n- [Frequent](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix?tab=Frequent)\n- [Score](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix?tab=Votes)\n- [Trending](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix?tab=Trending)\n- [Week](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix?tab=Week)\n- [Month](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix?tab=Month)\n- Unanswered (my tags)\n\nFilter\n\n0  votes\n\n1  answer\n\n29  views\n\n### [How can I combine many directories, recursively?](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/1933535\/how-can-i-combine-many-directories-recursively)\nI recently exported a cloud drive to change storage providers. When I exported the drive, I had to download it in 25 GB parts. Directories (especially noticeable with large directories) were split ...\n\n- [command-line](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/command-line \"show questions tagged 'command-line'\")\n- [unix](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix \"show questions tagged 'unix'\")\n- [archiving](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/archiving \"show questions tagged 'archiving'\")\n\n[![kjmh's user avatar](https:\/\/i.sstatic.net\/Im8sxWkS.jpg?s=32)](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/3201494\/kjmh)\n\n[kjmh](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/3201494\/kjmh)\n\n- 3\n\nasked 2 days ago\n\n0  votes\n\n0  answers\n\n44  views\n\n### [Are there any standard\/best practices for replacing special characters in file names? \\[closed\\]](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/1933382\/are-there-any-standard-best-practices-for-replacing-special-characters-in-file-n)\nLinux\/Unix forbids \/ (forward slash), while Windows forbids (source) the following: \\< (less than) \\> (greater than) : (colon - sometimes works, but is actually NTFS Alternate Data Streams) \" ...\n\n- [linux](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/linux \"show questions tagged 'linux'\")\n- [windows](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/windows \"show questions tagged 'windows'\")\n- [unix](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix \"show questions tagged 'unix'\")\n- [filenames](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/filenames \"show questions tagged 'filenames'\")\n\n[![user182601's user avatar](https:\/\/www.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6388e2468d01c3b039b80daece4bd610?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG&f=y&so-version=2)](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/3129478\/user182601)\n\n[user182601](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/3129478\/user182601)\n\n- 180\n\nasked Jan 7 at 6:02\n\n0  votes\n\n1  answer\n\n58  views\n\n### [Copy piece of text from one file to another in console](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/1929931\/copy-piece-of-text-from-one-file-to-another-in-console)\nAssume the situation: you are sitting at physical terminal which consists of display + keyboard, no mouse, of the machine with some modern UNIX-like system (assume one of: some Linux-based OS, FreeBSD,...\n\n- [linux](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/linux \"show questions tagged 'linux'\")\n- [unix](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix \"show questions tagged 'unix'\")\n- [text-editors](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/text-editors \"show questions tagged 'text-editors'\")\n- [freebsd](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/freebsd \"show questions tagged 'freebsd'\")\n\n[![ivan.ukr's user avatar](https:\/\/i.sstatic.net\/JcHkg.jpg?s=32)](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/183450\/ivan-ukr)\n\n[ivan.ukr](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/183450\/ivan-ukr)\n\n- 113\n\nasked Nov 9, 2025 at 13:52\n\n0  votes\n\n0  answers\n\n84  views\n\n### [Why am I experiencing a Postfix virtual delivery service permission issue?](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/1922556\/why-am-i-experiencing-a-postfix-virtual-delivery-service-permission-issue)\nMy Postfix server correctly delivers mail to external addresses. However, internal addresses receive this error: Aug 31 17:06:13 --- postfix\/local\\[-\\]: -: to=\\<-@-\\>, relay=local, delay=0.02, ...\n\n- [email](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/email \"show questions tagged 'email'\")\n- [permissions](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/permissions \"show questions tagged 'permissions'\")\n- [unix](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix \"show questions tagged 'unix'\")\n- [postfix](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/postfix \"show questions tagged 'postfix'\")\n- [maildir](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/maildir \"show questions tagged 'maildir'\")\n\n[![user10709800's user avatar](https:\/\/www.gravatar.com\/avatar\/006450326d92f1eb2315733400b0f0cc?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG&f=y&so-version=2)](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/1850387\/user10709800)\n\n[user10709800](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/1850387\/user10709800)\n\n- 43\n\nasked Aug 31, 2025 at 17:30\n\n2  votes\n\n0  answers\n\n106  views\n\n### [Is it safe to symlink \\`\/opt\\` and \\`\/snap\\` to an external drive which is not always going to be connected at boot?](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/1916163\/is-it-safe-to-symlink-opt-and-snap-to-an-external-drive-which-is-not-alway)\nNothing breaks when I symlink my Documents folder to the same drive, even with that drive not attached to my system. opt is short for ‘optional’, I’m told, so it shouldn’t break boot or anything. It ...\n\n- [linux](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/linux \"show questions tagged 'linux'\")\n- [unix](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix \"show questions tagged 'unix'\")\n- [symbolic-link](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/symbolic-link \"show questions tagged 'symbolic-link'\")\n\n[![Giwby Albatross's user avatar](https:\/\/www.gravatar.com\/avatar\/a6754ce99ce9100992a40ee50d704698?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG&f=y&so-version=2)](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/2906571\/giwby-albatross)\n\n[Giwby Albatross](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/2906571\/giwby-albatross)\n\n- 21\n\nasked Aug 7, 2025 at 5:05\n\n0  votes\n\n0  answers\n\n262  views\n\n### [chmod and setfacl not working on samba share after mount](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/1905210\/chmod-and-setfacl-not-working-on-samba-share-after-mount)\nI want file permissions on mounted share to match the files stored on the server as well as allow the connected user to change them. I needed smb3 unix extensions enabled to see the same file ...\n\n- [permissions](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/permissions \"show questions tagged 'permissions'\")\n- [unix](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix \"show questions tagged 'unix'\")\n- [mount](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/mount \"show questions tagged 'mount'\")\n- [samba](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/samba \"show questions tagged 'samba'\")\n- [acl](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/acl \"show questions tagged 'acl'\")\n\n[![user300431's user avatar](https:\/\/www.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0c98fd7b3e63d908390178f2d3d3ec91?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG&f=y&so-version=2)](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/2906248\/user300431)\n\n[user300431](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/2906248\/user300431)\n\n- 1\n\nasked Jun 15, 2025 at 22:18\n\n5  votes\n\n1  answer\n\n661  views\n\n### [Why are surrounding single quotes missing if output of ls -1 is passed to a pipe?](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/1904634\/why-are-surrounding-single-quotes-missing-if-output-of-ls-1-is-passed-to-a-pipe)\nScenario: \\$ ls -1 'x y.pdf' \\$ ls -1 \\| cat x y.pdf Here we see that surrounding single quotes are missing if output of ls -1 is passed to a pipe. Why does this happen? How to keep the surrounding ...\n\n- [linux](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/linux \"show questions tagged 'linux'\")\n- [unix](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix \"show questions tagged 'unix'\")\n- [pipe](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/pipe \"show questions tagged 'pipe'\")\n- [ls](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/ls \"show questions tagged 'ls'\")\n\n[![pmor's user avatar](https:\/\/www.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0669fe1a59034400b0e1ce91b2e4b794?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG&f=y&so-version=2)](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/295913\/pmor)\n\n[pmor](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/295913\/pmor)\n\n- 464\n\nasked Jun 11, 2025 at 13:10\n\n1  vote\n\n0  answers\n\n177  views\n\n### [How to sync Unix passwords to Samba 4 on Debian 12?](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/1904225\/how-to-sync-unix-passwords-to-samba-4-on-debian-12)\nHow do I sync Samba passwords with Unix passwords so that if passwd command is executed then Samba passwords are updated to match a new unix password? Problems: unix password sync = yes updates unix ...\n\n- [debian](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/debian \"show questions tagged 'debian'\")\n- [unix](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix \"show questions tagged 'unix'\")\n- [passwords](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/passwords \"show questions tagged 'passwords'\")\n- [samba](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/samba \"show questions tagged 'samba'\")\n- [pam](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/pam \"show questions tagged 'pam'\")\n\n[![u4963840's user avatar](https:\/\/www.gravatar.com\/avatar\/3c697c7fe3ecf61c37633257211d0f8d?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG)](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/2811928\/u4963840)\n\n[u4963840](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/2811928\/u4963840)\n\n- 121\n\nasked Jun 7, 2025 at 23:36\n\n0  votes\n\n0  answers\n\n352  views\n\n### [OpenVPN connection drops because keepalive does not work](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/1897048\/openvpn-connection-drops-because-keepalive-does-not-work)\nI have Arch Linux with OpenVPN installed and I noticed the connection drops and restarts after the keepalive timeout. With the keepalive ping of the .ovpn, connection drops from inactivity; with a ...\n\n- [vpn](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/vpn \"show questions tagged 'vpn'\")\n- [unix](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix \"show questions tagged 'unix'\")\n- [openvpn](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/openvpn \"show questions tagged 'openvpn'\")\n\n[![eugenio b's user avatar](https:\/\/i.sstatic.net\/b7mNt.jpg?s=32)](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/1907007\/eugenio-b)\n\n[eugenio b](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/1907007\/eugenio-b)\n\n- 1\n\nasked May 11, 2025 at 13:47\n\n0  votes\n\n0  answers\n\n41  views\n\n### [ddgr not showing relevant results](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/1892315\/ddgr-not-showing-relevant-results)\nthe number of search results is always limited to 10. even if I pass argument as 5,ddgr shows 10 results. would you please be kind enough to pass some examples of search results with number of results ...\n\n- [linux](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/linux \"show questions tagged 'linux'\")\n- [command-line](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/command-line \"show questions tagged 'command-line'\")\n- [terminal](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/terminal \"show questions tagged 'terminal'\")\n- [unix](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix \"show questions tagged 'unix'\")\n- [duckduckgo](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/duckduckgo \"show questions tagged 'duckduckgo'\")\n\n[![Anirban 's user avatar](https:\/\/www.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4f87b354accc719fec5d687071ad972b?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG&f=y&so-version=2)](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/949000\/anirban)\n\n[Anirban](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/949000\/anirban)\n\n- 37\n\nasked Apr 15, 2025 at 15:27\n\n2  votes\n\n1  answer\n\n280  views\n\n### [Get Proportional Resident Memory (PSS) of processes on MacOS](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/1886486\/get-proportional-resident-memory-pss-of-processes-on-macos)\nI have been scouring the depths of the web in search of a way to obtain programmatically (No Activity Monitor) the Proportional Resident Memory (PSS) of processes on modern (Sequoia, Apple Silicon) ...\n\n- [macos](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/macos \"show questions tagged 'macos'\")\n- [mac](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/mac \"show questions tagged 'mac'\")\n- [memory](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/memory \"show questions tagged 'memory'\")\n- [unix](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix \"show questions tagged 'unix'\")\n- [process](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/process \"show questions tagged 'process'\")\n\n[![jhm2k's user avatar](https:\/\/www.gravatar.com\/avatar\/7698ce3dca3856fb0d3c01eb1b1483cb?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG&f=y&so-version=2)](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/2707870\/jhm2k)\n\n[jhm2k](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/2707870\/jhm2k)\n\n- 23\n\nasked Mar 16, 2025 at 7:33\n\n1  vote\n\n1  answer\n\n81  views\n\n### [1st character is getting replaced when trying to insert character at the end of a line of a csv file - Unix Bash](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/1885417\/1st-character-is-getting-replaced-when-trying-to-insert-character-at-the-end-of)\nI have a csv file (new\\_test.csv) with below contents, 202503,47330,2025,2022,1,0,0,1 When I tried doing this, cat new\\_test.csv \\| while read line; do echo \\${line}\",\"; done I am getting an ...\n\n- [bash](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/bash \"show questions tagged 'bash'\")\n- [unix](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix \"show questions tagged 'unix'\")\n\n[![sourav shetty's user avatar](https:\/\/www.gravatar.com\/avatar\/42ffa743a9c22c9551c8b13c8109148b?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG&f=y&so-version=2)](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/2705762\/sourav-shetty)\n\n[sourav shetty](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/2705762\/sourav-shetty)\n\n- 11\n\nasked Mar 11, 2025 at 6:01\n\n0  votes\n\n4  answers\n\n163  views\n\n### [How to print all lines matching the pattern 1 and print only line with pattern 2 which is the line before line containing pattern 1?](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/1875855\/how-to-print-all-lines-matching-the-pattern-1-and-print-only-line-with-pattern-2)\nSay I have two patterns (pattern 1 and pattern 2) Want to print all lines matching the pattern 1 and print only line with pattern 2 which is the line before line containing pattern 1: eg: I have a ...\n\n- [unix](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix \"show questions tagged 'unix'\")\n- [search](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/search \"show questions tagged 'search'\")\n- [sed](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/sed \"show questions tagged 'sed'\")\n- [awk](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/awk \"show questions tagged 'awk'\")\n- [perl](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/perl \"show questions tagged 'perl'\")\n\n[![Bbabu's user avatar](https:\/\/www.gravatar.com\/avatar\/7a96bfad345578d9ffc6baecb96e0b35?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG&f=y&so-version=2)](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/2597866\/bbabu)\n\n[Bbabu](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/2597866\/bbabu)\n\n- 11\n\nasked Feb 1, 2025 at 13:48\n\n0  votes\n\n1  answer\n\n586  views\n\n### [How to use WinRAR for Linux to verify rar archive files and print errors](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/1869048\/how-to-use-winrar-for-linux-to-verify-rar-archive-files-and-print-errors)\nI am using rar (WinRAR for linux). How can I verify each rar file in a directory and print potential corruption errors to a log file? I tried using -ilog\\[name\\] but rar does not even make a log file ...\n\n- [linux](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/linux \"show questions tagged 'linux'\")\n- [command-line](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/command-line \"show questions tagged 'command-line'\")\n- [unix](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix \"show questions tagged 'unix'\")\n- [rar](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/rar \"show questions tagged 'rar'\")\n- [winrar](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/winrar \"show questions tagged 'winrar'\")\n\n[![Arete's user avatar](https:\/\/i.sstatic.net\/MsLAg.jpg?s=32)](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/402626\/arete)\n\n[Arete](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/402626\/arete)\n\n- 1,620\n\nasked Jan 3, 2025 at 8:13\n\n0  votes\n\n0  answers\n\n100  views\n\n### [Why does sudo -i -u fail to pick up the correct home directory?](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/1868981\/why-does-sudo-i-u-fail-to-pick-up-the-correct-home-directory)\nOn a fresh vast.ai instance configured with their pytorch template, I am trying to figure out why I can't create properly configured users. After doing useradd --shell \/usr\/bin\/bash -m jason, the ...\n\n- [linux](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/linux \"show questions tagged 'linux'\")\n- [bash](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/bash \"show questions tagged 'bash'\")\n- [unix](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix \"show questions tagged 'unix'\")\n- [user-accounts](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/user-accounts \"show questions tagged 'user-accounts'\")\n\n[![Jason Gross's user avatar](https:\/\/www.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c11c7cc23517cf5f043b51fc7914049a?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG)](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/59575\/jason-gross)\n\n[Jason Gross](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/59575\/jason-gross)\n\n- 241\n\nasked Jan 2, 2025 at 19:31\n\n1  vote\n\n2  answers\n\n469  views\n\n### [How to use git diff-index --check in .git\/hooks\/pre-commit without \"new blank line at EOF.\" error after you end files with new lines?](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/1868772\/how-to-use-git-diff-index-check-in-git-hooks-pre-commit-without-new-blank-li)\ngit ships with .git\/hooks\/pre-commit.sample. I used the following commands: cp .git\/hooks\/pre-commit.sample .git\/hooks\/pre-commit sed -i'' 's\/diff-index --check\/\\\\0 --ignore-blank-lines\/g' \".git\/...\n\n- [unix](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix \"show questions tagged 'unix'\")\n- [git](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/git \"show questions tagged 'git'\")\n- [sh](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/sh \"show questions tagged 'sh'\")\n- [newlines](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/newlines \"show questions tagged 'newlines'\")\n- [termux](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/termux \"show questions tagged 'termux'\")\n\n[![Swudu Susuwu's user avatar](https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/a\/ACg8ocKTVPOvBF16Vb9B9zwPiuHA0-Lbt32EWZuP_uxCYH8Yjg=k-s32)](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/1898901\/swudu-susuwu)\n\n[Swudu Susuwu](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/1898901\/swudu-susuwu)\n\n- 61\n\nasked Dec 31, 2024 at 23:22\n\n0  votes\n\n0  answers\n\n849  views\n\n### [rsync: \\[sender\\] read errors mapping \"file\" : Input\/output error (5)](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/1867152\/rsync-sender-read-errors-mapping-file-input-output-error-5)\nEverytime I try to copy a file from one USB disk to another one (does not matter which one),I get this kind of error : mario@Z390-AORUS-PRO-DEST:\/mnt\/zroot-133\/A\\_FILES\/Backup\/FreeBSD\\# rsync -avxHAXP ...\n\n- [linux](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/linux \"show questions tagged 'linux'\")\n- [backup](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/backup \"show questions tagged 'backup'\")\n- [unix](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix \"show questions tagged 'unix'\")\n- [rsync](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/rsync \"show questions tagged 'rsync'\")\n- [freebsd](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/freebsd \"show questions tagged 'freebsd'\")\n\n[![Marietto's user avatar](https:\/\/graph.facebook.com\/1110352821\/picture?type=large)](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/243082\/marietto)\n\n[Marietto](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/243082\/marietto)\n\n- 209\n\nasked Dec 23, 2024 at 8:35\n\n2  votes\n\n1  answer\n\n718  views\n\n### [How can an OS be POSIX-compliant without being basically UNIX?](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/1866454\/how-can-an-os-be-posix-compliant-without-being-basically-unix)\nAs I understand being POSIX-compliant means being able to present an API layer that satisfy all the unix system calls. However many of these calls assume users, files, processes, permissions, virtual ...\n\n- [windows](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/windows \"show questions tagged 'windows'\")\n- [unix](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix \"show questions tagged 'unix'\")\n- [posix](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/posix \"show questions tagged 'posix'\")\n\n[![nsimplex's user avatar](https:\/\/www.gravatar.com\/avatar\/b3df749b0d0b92a4c4a2de87627337df?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG)](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/2468220\/nsimplex)\n\n[nsimplex](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/2468220\/nsimplex)\n\n- 121\n\nasked Dec 19, 2024 at 11:18\n\n0  votes\n\n1  answer\n\n132  views\n\n### [confusing \\`rm\\` command corner behavior](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/1864508\/confusing-rm-command-corner-behavior)\nI am trying to understand the corner case behaviors of rm command. In a folder owned and grouped by root, I have a file owned by user alice. However, user alice does not have any permissions on the ...\n\n- [permissions](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/permissions \"show questions tagged 'permissions'\")\n- [unix](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix \"show questions tagged 'unix'\")\n- [rm](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/rm \"show questions tagged 'rm'\")\n\n[![milaniez's user avatar](https:\/\/i.sstatic.net\/0bDpYZQC.jpg?s=32)](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/635575\/milaniez)\n\n[milaniez](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/635575\/milaniez)\n\n- 103\n\nasked Dec 11, 2024 at 0:04\n\n1  vote\n\n0  answers\n\n62  views\n\n### [Accute sign does not work as first character of a line](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/1862255\/accute-sign-does-not-work-as-first-character-of-a-line)\nI have a problem when I type ´+E or ´+A, it should produces É and Á but it is deleted instantaneously. In firefox search bar it works as expect, but in skype or whatsapp it doesnt. My keybord is abnt2....\n\n- [firefox](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/firefox \"show questions tagged 'firefox'\")\n- [unix](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix \"show questions tagged 'unix'\")\n- [dead-keys](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/dead-keys \"show questions tagged 'dead-keys'\")\n\n[![vfbsilva's user avatar](https:\/\/i.sstatic.net\/dP8FC.jpg?s=32)](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/242355\/vfbsilva)\n\n[vfbsilva](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/242355\/vfbsilva)\n\n- 400\n\nasked Nov 19, 2024 at 21:13\n\n1  vote\n\n1  answer\n\n217  views\n\n### [How to fix incomplete grep](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/1861047\/how-to-fix-incomplete-grep)\nSo I constantly make the mistake of mis-typing my grep commands. I mean to type grep searchstring \\* However, I often forget to put the \\* and end up hitting enter after typing grep searchstring. This ...\n\n- [linux](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/linux \"show questions tagged 'linux'\")\n- [command-line](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/command-line \"show questions tagged 'command-line'\")\n- [unix](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix \"show questions tagged 'unix'\")\n- [grep](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/grep \"show questions tagged 'grep'\")\n\n[![bk\\_32's user avatar](https:\/\/www.gravatar.com\/avatar\/12510965f12ff9b1442ebffc799dfdbb?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG)](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/1736891\/bk-32)\n\n[bk\\_32](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/1736891\/bk-32)\n\n- 133\n\nasked Nov 7, 2024 at 20:37\n\n2  votes\n\n1  answer\n\n425  views\n\n### [Is it possible to transfer files and copy text from VirtualBox with QNX to Windows 10 without Guest Addition?](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/1859142\/is-it-possible-to-transfer-files-and-copy-text-from-virtualbox-with-qnx-to-windo)\nI have a task like this: I have a virtual machine with QNX. There are old Fortran programs (hydrodynamic problems) there. I need to extract them and process them for Matlab. The problem is that I can'...\n\n- [virtualbox](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/virtualbox \"show questions tagged 'virtualbox'\")\n- [virtual-machine](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/virtual-machine \"show questions tagged 'virtual-machine'\")\n- [unix](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix \"show questions tagged 'unix'\")\n\n[![ayr's user avatar](https:\/\/i.sstatic.net\/UuaPduED.jpg?s=32)](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/1297485\/ayr)\n\n[ayr](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/1297485\/ayr)\n\n- 182\n\nasked Oct 18, 2024 at 9:14\n\n0  votes\n\n1  answer\n\n138  views\n\n### [Man command broken (MacOS 14.6.1)](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/1855763\/man-command-broken-macos-14-6-1)\nEntering \"man (anything)\" returns \"No manual entry for (anything)(anything)\", e.g. \"man man\" return \"No manual entry for manman\". I've tried new shells, ...\n\n- [linux](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/linux \"show questions tagged 'linux'\")\n- [bash](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/bash \"show questions tagged 'bash'\")\n- [unix](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix \"show questions tagged 'unix'\")\n\n[![user254657's user avatar](https:\/\/www.gravatar.com\/avatar\/ff316107e9a86a5b724240783c26b22a?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG&f=y&so-version=2)](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/254657\/user254657)\n\n[user254657](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/254657\/user254657)\n\n- 31\n\nasked Sep 14, 2024 at 15:40\n\n0  votes\n\n1  answer\n\n52  views\n\n### [Added group to user's secondary groups but still unable to edit (resize) file with permissions 664](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/1853675\/added-group-to-users-secondary-groups-but-still-unable-to-edit-resize-file-wi)\nThe output of groups user1: group1 group2 group3 The output of ls -l dir\/: total 20 -rw-rw-r-- 1 group2 group2 277 Aug 26 01:52 file ... The output of ls -l outside of dir: drwxrwxr-x ...\n\n- [linux](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/linux \"show questions tagged 'linux'\")\n- [bash](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/bash \"show questions tagged 'bash'\")\n- [permissions](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/permissions \"show questions tagged 'permissions'\")\n- [unix](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix \"show questions tagged 'unix'\")\n- [file-permissions](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/file-permissions \"show questions tagged 'file-permissions'\")\n\n[![aaa's user avatar](https:\/\/www.gravatar.com\/avatar\/9363278237681b22c5c56fc378d71dbb?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG&f=y&so-version=2)](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/2157347\/aaa)\n\n[aaa](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/2157347\/aaa)\n\n- 1\n\nasked Aug 26, 2024 at 23:59\n\n0  votes\n\n0  answers\n\n501  views\n\n### [How can I create a command to activate a Python virtual environment across different shells with minimal complexity?](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/1852002\/how-can-i-create-a-command-to-activate-a-python-virtual-environment-across-diffe)\nI'm developing a tool that needs to activate a Python virtual environment using a custom command. Currently, I'm using the following alias in my .bashrc file: alias activate\\_env=\"source .\/env\/bin\/...\n\n- [bash](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/bash \"show questions tagged 'bash'\")\n- [shell](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/shell \"show questions tagged 'shell'\")\n- [unix](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix \"show questions tagged 'unix'\")\n- [python](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/python \"show questions tagged 'python'\")\n- [shell-script](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/shell-script \"show questions tagged 'shell-script'\")\n\n[![azom's user avatar](https:\/\/i.sstatic.net\/p7nQH.jpg?s=32)](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/2128090\/azom)\n\n[azom](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/2128090\/azom)\n\n- 1\n\nasked Aug 11, 2024 at 20:26\n\n0  votes\n\n1  answer\n\n221  views\n\n### [Linux shell coding for adding a column with % (percentage) \\[closed\\]](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/1849976\/linux-shell-coding-for-adding-a-column-with-percentage)\nI need help with Linux shell code for adding a column with % percentage calculation. file1: Name Count Tom 10 Tom 7 Tom 5 Tom 4 Result in file2 as shown file2: Name Count Percent Tom 10 38.5 ...\n\n- [unix](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix \"show questions tagged 'unix'\")\n\n[![bobo's user avatar](https:\/\/www.gravatar.com\/avatar\/ba88fc1b6d747ed633e0da3d1afdff25?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG&f=y&so-version=2)](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/1442938\/bobo)\n\n[bobo](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/1442938\/bobo)\n\n- 11\n\nasked Jul 23, 2024 at 12:37\n\n0  votes\n\n1  answer\n\n658  views\n\n### [What format does a Postfix Milter use?](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/1849061\/what-format-does-a-postfix-milter-use)\nI am attempting to write a custom miller for postfix , but am not sure what format I need to use before I begin writing my logic. So far, I have postfix sending mail to a miller with: ...\n\n- [linux](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/linux \"show questions tagged 'linux'\")\n- [unix](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix \"show questions tagged 'unix'\")\n- [smtp](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/smtp \"show questions tagged 'smtp'\")\n- [postfix](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/postfix \"show questions tagged 'postfix'\")\n- [netcat](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/netcat \"show questions tagged 'netcat'\")\n\n[![user10709800's user avatar](https:\/\/www.gravatar.com\/avatar\/006450326d92f1eb2315733400b0f0cc?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG&f=y&so-version=2)](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/1850387\/user10709800)\n\n[user10709800](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/1850387\/user10709800)\n\n- 43\n\nasked Jul 14, 2024 at 13:27\n\n0  votes\n\n1  answer\n\n538  views\n\n### [Unix Sockets as Portrayed via Netstat](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/1844596\/unix-sockets-as-portrayed-via-netstat)\nI do not have much experience with Unix sockets, but I hope this is the place to start. I want to start with understanding what is going on with a netstat -n command. Is it normal behavior to have ...\n\n- [macos](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/macos \"show questions tagged 'macos'\")\n- [unix](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix \"show questions tagged 'unix'\")\n- [sockets](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/sockets \"show questions tagged 'sockets'\")\n\n[![joncavaz's user avatar](https:\/\/www.gravatar.com\/avatar\/db0ccb0301cf886265501748c8dc103f?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG&f=y&so-version=2)](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/1972259\/joncavaz)\n\n[joncavaz](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/1972259\/joncavaz)\n\n- 11\n\nasked Jun 3, 2024 at 6:01\n\n1  vote\n\n1  answer\n\n695  views\n\n### [Issue when creating a new user and group on macOS](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/1842178\/issue-when-creating-a-new-user-and-group-on-macos)\nI need to create a user and a group called postgres on my mac but I seem to have issues with that. The reason for needing this user is because I've installed postgresql@15 via brew and it created a ...\n\n- [macos](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/macos \"show questions tagged 'macos'\")\n- [permissions](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/permissions \"show questions tagged 'permissions'\")\n- [unix](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix \"show questions tagged 'unix'\")\n- [postgresql](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/postgresql \"show questions tagged 'postgresql'\")\n- [user](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/user \"show questions tagged 'user'\")\n\n[![Ax M's user avatar](https:\/\/lh6.googleusercontent.com\/-lYlDwIMtfbE\/AAAAAAAAAAI\/AAAAAAAALzY\/6fab-5VV6m0\/s32-rj\/photo.jpg)](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/1869414\/ax-m)\n\n[Ax M](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/1869414\/ax-m)\n\n- 113\n\nasked May 12, 2024 at 17:51\n\n0  votes\n\n0  answers\n\n21  views\n\n### [\"find\" command does not find all files from root unless folder is specified \\[duplicate\\]](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/1841705\/find-command-does-not-find-all-files-from-root-unless-folder-is-specified)\nI am trying to find the files that are named setenv.sh on this machine, I am logged in as root and am searching from the '\/' using the following syntax and receiving the output: \\# First \\[root@...\n\n- [linux](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/linux \"show questions tagged 'linux'\")\n- [shell](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/shell \"show questions tagged 'shell'\")\n- [unix](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix \"show questions tagged 'unix'\")\n- [find](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/find \"show questions tagged 'find'\")\n- [centos-7](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/centos-7 \"show questions tagged 'centos-7'\")\n\n[![user1917670's user avatar](https:\/\/www.gravatar.com\/avatar\/96a1722622c552d9839bc0e30c12a01f?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG&f=y&so-version=2)](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/1917670\/user1917670)\n\n[user1917670](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/1917670\/user1917670)\n\n- 1\n\nasked May 8, 2024 at 8:26\n\n0  votes\n\n1  answer\n\n424  views\n\n### [How do I find files by last day in a month? (or how to copy the latest file per month)](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/1838951\/how-do-i-find-files-by-last-day-in-a-month-or-how-to-copy-the-latest-file-per)\nI know there is \"find\" and I use something like find \"\/backup.stats\/30days\" -mtime +30 -type f But I wanted to know if anyone knew of a way to pick out the oldest file by month; ...\n\n- [linux](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/linux \"show questions tagged 'linux'\")\n- [shell](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/shell \"show questions tagged 'shell'\")\n- [unix](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix \"show questions tagged 'unix'\")\n- [code](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/code \"show questions tagged 'code'\")\n\n[![RansuDoragon's user avatar](https:\/\/www.gravatar.com\/avatar\/237da5471f382a16424bd079043e0e8d?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG)](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/390402\/ransudoragon)\n\n[RansuDoragon](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/390402\/ransudoragon)\n\n- 25\n\nasked Apr 13, 2024 at 15:50\n\n1  vote\n\n0  answers\n\n135  views\n\n### [How to let root use sudoedit as if it was a user?](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/1838235\/how-to-let-root-use-sudoedit-as-if-it-was-a-user)\nI'm writing a wrapper for myself around vim that detects when the user's trying to edit a file that doesn't belong to them, and suggests sudoedit or visudo instead. I want to use sudoedit rather than ...\n\n- [linux](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/linux \"show questions tagged 'linux'\")\n- [bash](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/bash \"show questions tagged 'bash'\")\n- [unix](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix \"show questions tagged 'unix'\")\n- [sudo](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/sudo \"show questions tagged 'sudo'\")\n\n[![aaaalz's user avatar](https:\/\/www.gravatar.com\/avatar\/b0b9a1b0513f422a886096738b0aac26?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG&f=y&so-version=2)](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/1908706\/aaaalz)\n\n[aaaalz](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/1908706\/aaaalz)\n\n- 11\n\nasked Apr 8, 2024 at 0:30\n\n2  votes\n\n0  answers\n\n165  views\n\n### [How to detox filenames in a bash script with no errors posted?](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/1837286\/how-to-detox-filenames-in-a-bash-script-with-no-errors-posted)\nOS: Kubuntu 22.04.4 LTS x86\\_64 detox 1.4.5 To display above: neofetch --stdout \\|grep 'OS:' detox -V Here is a toxic filename, starts with s1: s1 Ä Ö Ü - ä ö ü Science & \\< \\> \" 1 \\\\ 2 ⁄ 3 ...\n\n- [linux](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/linux \"show questions tagged 'linux'\")\n- [command-line](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/command-line \"show questions tagged 'command-line'\")\n- [bash](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/bash \"show questions tagged 'bash'\")\n- [unix](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix \"show questions tagged 'unix'\")\n\n[![joseph22's user avatar](https:\/\/www.gravatar.com\/avatar\/04d5080194f326450620e87d937f0152?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG)](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/1601646\/joseph22)\n\n[joseph22](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/1601646\/joseph22)\n\n- 525\n\nasked Mar 30, 2024 at 15:56\n\n0  votes\n\n1  answer\n\n1k  views\n\n### [Broken pipe, write error: An epidemic of unnecessary output](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/1835516\/broken-pipe-write-error-an-epidemic-of-unnecessary-output)\nIn the last few months, a problem has been spreading across my systems. That of broken pipe errors: \\# Solution: \\# silenced by replacing \/bin\/bzip2 -\\> bzip2-reference \\# to \/bin\/...\n\n- [command-line](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/command-line \"show questions tagged 'command-line'\")\n- [bash](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/bash \"show questions tagged 'bash'\")\n- [unix](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix \"show questions tagged 'unix'\")\n- [pipe](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/pipe \"show questions tagged 'pipe'\")\n- [gnu](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/gnu \"show questions tagged 'gnu'\")\n\n[![Hincor's user avatar](https:\/\/i.sstatic.net\/77XrZ.png?s=32)](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/864442\/hincor)\n\n[Hincor](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/864442\/hincor)\n\n- 1\n\nasked Mar 17, 2024 at 19:52\n\n2  votes\n\n1  answer\n\n126  views\n\n### [How can I use the last changed file as an argument in linux?](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/1834577\/how-can-i-use-the-last-changed-file-as-an-argument-in-linux)\nI'm thinking of using the last changed file as an argument to commands like ls, echo, or cat, is there a simple and efficient way? this question arose when I was faced with analyzing the latest log ...\n\n- [linux](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/linux \"show questions tagged 'linux'\")\n- [command-line](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/command-line \"show questions tagged 'command-line'\")\n- [bash](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/bash \"show questions tagged 'bash'\")\n- [unix](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix \"show questions tagged 'unix'\")\n\n[![Ilgar's user avatar](https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/a\/ACg8ocJsFlYP-GCuOD4mvgmEmBq0KBXIgziFjdxpIsV4m3L3=k-s32)](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/1899844\/ilgar)\n\n[Ilgar](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/1899844\/ilgar)\n\n- 21\n\nasked Mar 11, 2024 at 6:47\n\n0  votes\n\n1  answer\n\n452  views\n\n### [Split a large gz compressed file into smaller compressed file gz](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/1834178\/split-a-large-gz-compressed-file-into-smaller-compressed-file-gz)\nMy requirement is to load a gz file from gcs to BQ. I am using python and Airflow but it is throwing an error that if a single compressed file size is greater than 5 GB, then we can't load it. I have ...\n\n- [unix](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix \"show questions tagged 'unix'\")\n- [python3](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/python3 \"show questions tagged 'python3'\")\n- [google-cloud-platform](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/google-cloud-platform \"show questions tagged 'google-cloud-platform'\")\n- [google-cloud-storage](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/google-cloud-storage \"show questions tagged 'google-cloud-storage'\")\n\n[![A gupta's user avatar](https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/-M-WSJdqN8xQ\/AAAAAAAAAAI\/AAAAAAAAD3w\/sCL_zsI0bYg\/s32-rj\/photo.jpg)](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/1072844\/a-gupta)\n\n[A gupta](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/1072844\/a-gupta)\n\n- 1\n\nasked Mar 7, 2024 at 19:18\n\n0  votes\n\n3  answers\n\n230  views\n\n### [display path to files with same names](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/1828042\/display-path-to-files-with-same-names)\nwith this command in Terminal: ls -R \\|sort \\| uniq -d \\| sort -r I can display a list of files with the same names located in the running directory and subdirectories. But I would like to display also ...\n\n- [macos](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/macos \"show questions tagged 'macos'\")\n- [command-line](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/command-line \"show questions tagged 'command-line'\")\n- [terminal](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/terminal \"show questions tagged 'terminal'\")\n- [unix](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix \"show questions tagged 'unix'\")\n- [file-management](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/file-management \"show questions tagged 'file-management'\")\n\n[![all2alb's user avatar](https:\/\/www.gravatar.com\/avatar\/bf1d7b1541231ab3322a86e3e9c2c9e3?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG&f=y&so-version=2)](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/1886113\/all2alb)\n\n[all2alb](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/1886113\/all2alb)\n\n- 1\n\nasked Jan 30, 2024 at 10:39\n\n0  votes\n\n0  answers\n\n372  views\n\n### [Pgbouncer: Multiple Instances on same host receiving same TCP connection when using SO\\_REUSEPORT](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/1827297\/pgbouncer-multiple-instances-on-same-host-receiving-same-tcp-connection-when-us)\nI was able to setup two pgbouncer instances for database connection pooling, on a single VM (CentOS 7.0) listening to same port (6432) on two different TCP socket (I believe) using Linux Kernel ...\n\n- [unix](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix \"show questions tagged 'unix'\")\n- [tcp](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/tcp \"show questions tagged 'tcp'\")\n- [database](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/database \"show questions tagged 'database'\")\n- [postgresql](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/postgresql \"show questions tagged 'postgresql'\")\n- [linux-kernel](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/linux-kernel \"show questions tagged 'linux-kernel'\")\n\n[![goodfella's user avatar](https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/a-\/AOh14GiOYd5lM4fGOk2Fp3LgBsb8aOVd4rR_iL5Efqa4Mg=k-s32)](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/1863517\/goodfella)\n\n[goodfella](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/1863517\/goodfella)\n\n- 67\n\nasked Jan 25, 2024 at 1:10\n\n3  votes\n\n1  answer\n\n3k  views\n\n### [What is the meaning of the manage-gids parameter in \/etc\/nfs.conf?](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/1827129\/what-is-the-meaning-of-the-manage-gids-parameter-in-etc-nfs-conf)\nI have run into an issue (on a system which I am not root) where there is a directory using an acl to manage access, I should be allowed access (and I am allowed access if I do a newgrp to one of the ...\n\n- [linux](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/linux \"show questions tagged 'linux'\")\n- [permissions](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/permissions \"show questions tagged 'permissions'\")\n- [unix](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix \"show questions tagged 'unix'\")\n- [nfs](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/nfs \"show questions tagged 'nfs'\")\n- [acl](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/acl \"show questions tagged 'acl'\")\n\n[![lagnut's user avatar](https:\/\/i.sstatic.net\/P4dXx.jpg?s=32)](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/627010\/lagnut)\n\n[lagnut](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/627010\/lagnut)\n\n- 33\n\nasked Jan 24, 2024 at 2:52\n\n0  votes\n\n1  answer\n\n943  views\n\n### [Is there a trick to add an unix user with '@' inside its login on debian](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/1825647\/is-there-a-trick-to-add-an-unix-user-with-inside-its-login-on-debian)\nOn Debian, there is not a lot of limitations to add an unix user. Ie: the login may contain dots and uppercase letters. Is there a trick to add an unix user with an '@' inside its login ? I understand ...\n\n- [linux](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/linux \"show questions tagged 'linux'\")\n- [debian](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/debian \"show questions tagged 'debian'\")\n- [unix](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix \"show questions tagged 'unix'\")\n- [user-accounts](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/user-accounts \"show questions tagged 'user-accounts'\")\n- [special-characters](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/special-characters \"show questions tagged 'special-characters'\")\n\n[![benelux's user avatar](https:\/\/www.gravatar.com\/avatar\/51b63744e6345a10c528f3a082aa9712?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG&f=y&so-version=2)](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/1880827\/benelux)\n\n[benelux](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/1880827\/benelux)\n\n- 3\n\nasked Jan 13, 2024 at 19:20\n\n1  vote\n\n1  answer\n\n507  views\n\n### [How to run Homebrew service with flags?](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/1823071\/how-to-run-homebrew-service-with-flags)\nI'm running on macOS Sonoma and trying to run this service called AutoRaise. Someone made a Homebrew package for it here. I installed it using Homebrew with my desired flag, brew install autoraise --...\n\n- [macos](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/macos \"show questions tagged 'macos'\")\n- [unix](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix \"show questions tagged 'unix'\")\n- [homebrew](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/homebrew \"show questions tagged 'homebrew'\")\n- [plist](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/plist \"show questions tagged 'plist'\")\n- [macos-sonoma](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/macos-sonoma \"show questions tagged 'macos-sonoma'\")\n\n[![noobie's user avatar](https:\/\/www.gravatar.com\/avatar\/f49856417e9fd4063ee11258d4cc6485?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG&f=y&so-version=2)](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/1791841\/noobie)\n\n[noobie](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/1791841\/noobie)\n\n- 113\n\nasked Dec 25, 2023 at 19:27\n\n1  vote\n\n1  answer\n\n2k  views\n\n### [Shell command to tar directory excluding certain folders](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/1820381\/shell-command-to-tar-directory-excluding-certain-folders)\nIn Bash 4, I want make a tar.gz with excluded folders, and while tons of answers about this simple case exist, nothing works in my case. I would like to keep the directory mentioned in exclude, ...\n\n- [linux](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/linux \"show questions tagged 'linux'\")\n- [bash](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/bash \"show questions tagged 'bash'\")\n- [backup](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/backup \"show questions tagged 'backup'\")\n- [unix](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix \"show questions tagged 'unix'\")\n- [tar](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/tar \"show questions tagged 'tar'\")\n\n[![VOX's user avatar](https:\/\/www.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1ca38e807d39118c4996b844bc7540a3?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG)](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/1870012\/vox)\n\n[VOX](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/1870012\/vox)\n\n- 13\n\nasked Dec 12, 2023 at 13:17\n\n1  vote\n\n0  answers\n\n195  views\n\n### [What steps are needed to safely create a unix setuid binary that can mount removable drives without privilege escalation](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/1815833\/what-steps-are-needed-to-safely-create-a-unix-setuid-binary-that-can-mount-remov)\nThe steps I can think of for a setuid binary that is willing to mount drives on arbitrary paths specified by normal users: the binary must check whether \/sys\/block\/DEV\/removable=1 the binary must ...\n\n- [unix](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix \"show questions tagged 'unix'\")\n- [mount](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/mount \"show questions tagged 'mount'\")\n- [privileges](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/privileges \"show questions tagged 'privileges'\")\n- [setuid](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/setuid \"show questions tagged 'setuid'\")\n\n[![Zorf's user avatar](https:\/\/www.gravatar.com\/avatar\/519338ca46fa26b27cd23ea7db40c2c5?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG)](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/273776\/zorf)\n\n[Zorf](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/273776\/zorf)\n\n- 361\n\nasked Nov 8, 2023 at 14:12\n\n0  votes\n\n0  answers\n\n424  views\n\n### [what does ARG\\_MAX mean when I run a script?](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/1815134\/what-does-arg-max-mean-when-i-run-a-script)\nUp to now I know what ARG\\_MAX means (thanks to EdMorton): ls foo bar The command is ls and it has three arguments: foo, and bar. It's 7 characters, so the arguments of ls in here is 7. Now let's ...\n\n- [linux](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/linux \"show questions tagged 'linux'\")\n- [unix](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix \"show questions tagged 'unix'\")\n\n[![Saeed's user avatar](https:\/\/www.gravatar.com\/avatar\/7db72459e19d0a8c383198fde44f940a?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG&f=y&so-version=2)](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/895182\/saeed)\n\n[Saeed](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/895182\/saeed)\n\n- 463\n\nasked Nov 2, 2023 at 19:17\n\n0  votes\n\n2  answers\n\n2k  views\n\n### [awk string replacement - properly escape '&' character](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/1814979\/awk-string-replacement-properly-escape-character)\nI am working on one of our applications to update the docker image from using static configs for each environment to a single template using dynamic variable insertion with awk. Our Dockerfile calls a ...\n\n- [bash](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/bash \"show questions tagged 'bash'\")\n- [unix](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix \"show questions tagged 'unix'\")\n- [awk](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/awk \"show questions tagged 'awk'\")\n\n[![kat.is.konfused's user avatar](https:\/\/www.gravatar.com\/avatar\/8d7d3e3c2525a59eb597d71fc66ebb79?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG&f=y&so-version=2)](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/1814071\/kat-is-konfused)\n\n[kat.is.konfused](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/1814071\/kat-is-konfused)\n\n- 13\n\nasked Nov 1, 2023 at 17:00\n\n0  votes\n\n1  answer\n\n388  views\n\n### [Is it possible to add\/change DNS server without having to drop existing connections?](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/1811321\/is-it-possible-to-add-change-dns-server-without-having-to-drop-existing-connecti)\nI just changed (or added another) DNS server to my network connection configuration and would like to use it straight away, but I have a few existing (mostly SSH) connections open that I don't want to ...\n\n- [dns](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/dns \"show questions tagged 'dns'\")\n- [unix](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix \"show questions tagged 'unix'\")\n- [networkmanager](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/networkmanager \"show questions tagged 'networkmanager'\")\n\n[![FriendFX's user avatar](https:\/\/www.gravatar.com\/avatar\/3dbec4dfd2edf8e609220dfdd8a960ca?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG)](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/187555\/friendfx)\n\n[FriendFX](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/187555\/friendfx)\n\n- 927\n\nasked Oct 5, 2023 at 3:06\n\n0  votes\n\n1  answer\n\n2k  views\n\n### [tail -f nohup.out gives cannot open 'nohup.out' for reading: No such file or directory](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/1808554\/tail-f-nohup-out-gives-cannot-open-nohup-out-for-reading-no-such-file-or-dir)\nI connected to a remote server using ssh protocol and launched this command in order to run my python script remotely: nohup python3.8 -u sab.py \\> log\\_15\\_09\\_2023.txt & This works fine since if ...\n\n- [linux](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/linux \"show questions tagged 'linux'\")\n- [bash](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/bash \"show questions tagged 'bash'\")\n- [unix](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix \"show questions tagged 'unix'\")\n- [nohup](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/nohup \"show questions tagged 'nohup'\")\n\n[![tail's user avatar](https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/a-\/AOh14GidRVZ3FaKIroNP5fAhAnFoMx0-EjU_soMbnP_V=k-s32)](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/1843395\/tail)\n\n[tail](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/1843395\/tail)\n\n- 181\n\nasked Sep 15, 2023 at 14:44\n\n0  votes\n\n0  answers\n\n230  views\n\n### [Permission denied on writing into the hard drive](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/1807845\/permission-denied-on-writing-into-the-hard-drive)\nI am trying to download files into an Azure virtual machine. It seems that I have 400 GB hard drive but as a not experienced user, I have saved the files within the \/dev\/root filesystem, which is ...\n\n- [virtual-machine](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/virtual-machine \"show questions tagged 'virtual-machine'\")\n- [unix](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix \"show questions tagged 'unix'\")\n- [azure](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/azure \"show questions tagged 'azure'\")\n\n[![Gideon Kogan's user avatar](https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/-2Uc40Hai2U0\/AAAAAAAAAAI\/AAAAAAAAAAA\/zTkPRnZJTXs\/s32-rj\/photo.jpg)](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/1238907\/gideon-kogan)\n\n[Gideon Kogan](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/1238907\/gideon-kogan)\n\n- 101\n\nasked Sep 10, 2023 at 14:06\n\n0  votes\n\n1  answer\n\n513  views\n\n### [Why are simlink loop not an issue?](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/1807485\/why-are-simlink-loop-not-an-issue)\nSo I learned that hardlink on folders are forbidden to avoid infinite loops in the file system. Seems a good idea! But why is it not a problem to create an infinite loop with simlinks on folders? Why ...\n\n- [unix](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix \"show questions tagged 'unix'\")\n- [ext4](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/ext4 \"show questions tagged 'ext4'\")\n\n[![Xetolone's user avatar](https:\/\/i.sstatic.net\/I7u9G.jpg?s=32)](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/1303466\/xetolone)\n\n[Xetolone](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/1303466\/xetolone)\n\n- 103\n\nasked Sep 7, 2023 at 15:31\n\n0  votes\n\n1  answer\n\n834  views\n\n### [Connection refused PuTTY to VMWare workstation guest Rocky Linux](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/1806900\/connection-refused-putty-to-vmware-workstation-guest-rocky-linux)\nI have Windows 10 Pro, in which VMWare Workstation 16 is installed. The guest system I use there is Rocky Linux 8.8. The problem I’m getting Connection refused PuTTY to VMWare workstation guest OS ...\n\n- [linux](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/linux \"show questions tagged 'linux'\")\n- [unix](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix \"show questions tagged 'unix'\")\n- [putty](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/putty \"show questions tagged 'putty'\")\n- [vmware](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/vmware \"show questions tagged 'vmware'\")\n- [openssh](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/openssh \"show questions tagged 'openssh'\")\n\n[![kanchana disanayaka's user avatar](https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/-Ge2iesZpiJ4\/AAAAAAAAAAI\/AAAAAAAAAAA\/AMZuuckhNrYqUPxZ3ZunVM_n9OMW1A2nWQ\/s96-c\/s32-rj\/photo.jpg)](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/1839554\/kanchana-disanayaka)\n\n[kanchana disanayaka](https:\/\/superuser.com\/users\/1839554\/kanchana-disanayaka)\n\n- 1\n\nasked Sep 3, 2023 at 7:41\n\n1\n\n[2](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix?tab=newest&page=2 \"Go to page 2\") [3](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix?tab=newest&page=3 \"Go to page 3\") [4](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix?tab=newest&page=4 \"Go to page 4\") [5](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix?tab=newest&page=5 \"Go to page 5\")\n\n…\n\n[81](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix?tab=newest&page=81 \"Go to page 81\")  [Next](https:\/\/superuser.com\/questions\/tagged\/unix?tab=newest&page=2 \"Go to page 2\")\n\n- The Overflow Blog\n- [Now everyone can chat on Stack Overflow](https:\/\/stackoverflow.blog\/2026\/01\/12\/now-everyone-can-chat-on-stack-overflow\/?cb=1)\n- [Vibe code anything in a Hanselminute](https:\/\/stackoverflow.blog\/2026\/01\/13\/vibe-code-anything-in-a-hanselminute\/?cb=1)\n- Featured on Meta\n- [A proposal for bringing back Community Promotion & Open Source Ads](https:\/\/meta.stackexchange.com\/questions\/416429\/a-proposal-for-bringing-back-community-promotion-open-source-ads?cb=1)\n- [Community Asks Sprint Announcement – January 2026: Custom site-specific badges\\!](https:\/\/meta.stackexchange.com\/questions\/416734\/community-asks-sprint-announcement-january-2026-custom-site-specific-badges?cb=1)\n\n#### [Hot Network Questions](https:\/\/stackexchange.com\/questions?tab=hot)\n- [Eilenberg–Watts for module spectra](https:\/\/mathoverflow.net\/questions\/506939\/eilenberg-watts-for-module-spectra)\n- [Why is there no right to a passport in the USA?](https:\/\/politics.stackexchange.com\/questions\/94061\/why-is-there-no-right-to-a-passport-in-the-usa)\n- [Simple Clicker Game in Python](https:\/\/codereview.stackexchange.com\/questions\/300986\/simple-clicker-game-in-python)\n- [Is lightning bolt supposed to be present on taskbar battery icon when charging is complete in Windows 11? 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Boilerpipe Text	0 votes 1 answer 29 views How can I combine many directories, recursively? I recently exported a cloud drive to change storage providers. When I exported the drive, I had to download it in 25 GB parts. Directories (especially noticeable with large directories) were split ... 3 asked 2 days ago 0 votes 1 answer 58 views Copy piece of text from one file to another in console Assume the situation: you are sitting at physical terminal which consists of display + keyboard, no mouse, of the machine with some modern UNIX-like system (assume one of: some Linux-based OS, FreeBSD,... 113 asked Nov 9, 2025 at 13:52 0 votes 0 answers 262 views chmod and setfacl not working on samba share after mount I want file permissions on mounted share to match the files stored on the server as well as allow the connected user to change them. I needed smb3 unix extensions enabled to see the same file ... 1 asked Jun 15, 2025 at 22:18 1 vote 0 answers 177 views How to sync Unix passwords to Samba 4 on Debian 12? How do I sync Samba passwords with Unix passwords so that if passwd command is executed then Samba passwords are updated to match a new unix password? Problems: unix password sync = yes updates unix ... 121 asked Jun 7, 2025 at 23:36 0 votes 0 answers 352 views OpenVPN connection drops because keepalive does not work I have Arch Linux with OpenVPN installed and I noticed the connection drops and restarts after the keepalive timeout. With the keepalive ping of the .ovpn, connection drops from inactivity; with a ... 1 asked May 11, 2025 at 13:47 0 votes 0 answers 41 views ddgr not showing relevant results the number of search results is always limited to 10. even if I pass argument as 5,ddgr shows 10 results. would you please be kind enough to pass some examples of search results with number of results ... 37 asked Apr 15, 2025 at 15:27 2 votes 1 answer 280 views Get Proportional Resident Memory (PSS) of processes on MacOS I have been scouring the depths of the web in search of a way to obtain programmatically (No Activity Monitor) the Proportional Resident Memory (PSS) of processes on modern (Sequoia, Apple Silicon) ... 23 asked Mar 16, 2025 at 7:33 1 vote 1 answer 81 views 1st character is getting replaced when trying to insert character at the end of a line of a csv file - Unix Bash I have a csv file (new_test.csv) with below contents, 202503,47330,2025,2022,1,0,0,1 When I tried doing this, cat new_test.csv \| while read line; do echo ${line}","; done I am getting an ... 11 asked Mar 11, 2025 at 6:01 0 votes 0 answers 100 views Why does sudo -i -u fail to pick up the correct home directory? On a fresh vast.ai instance configured with their pytorch template, I am trying to figure out why I can't create properly configured users. After doing useradd --shell /usr/bin/bash -m jason, the ... 241 asked Jan 2, 2025 at 19:31 2 votes 1 answer 718 views How can an OS be POSIX-compliant without being basically UNIX? As I understand being POSIX-compliant means being able to present an API layer that satisfy all the unix system calls. However many of these calls assume users, files, processes, permissions, virtual ... 121 asked Dec 19, 2024 at 11:18 0 votes 1 answer 132 views confusing `rm` command corner behavior I am trying to understand the corner case behaviors of rm command. In a folder owned and grouped by root, I have a file owned by user alice. However, user alice does not have any permissions on the ... 103 asked Dec 11, 2024 at 0:04 1 vote 0 answers 62 views Accute sign does not work as first character of a line I have a problem when I type ´+E or ´+A, it should produces É and Á but it is deleted instantaneously. In firefox search bar it works as expect, but in skype or whatsapp it doesnt. My keybord is abnt2.... 400 asked Nov 19, 2024 at 21:13 1 vote 1 answer 217 views How to fix incomplete grep So I constantly make the mistake of mis-typing my grep commands. I mean to type grep searchstring * However, I often forget to put the * and end up hitting enter after typing grep searchstring. This ... 133 asked Nov 7, 2024 at 20:37 0 votes 1 answer 138 views Man command broken (MacOS 14.6.1) Entering "man (anything)" returns "No manual entry for (anything)(anything)", e.g. "man man" return "No manual entry for manman". I've tried new shells, ... 31 asked Sep 14, 2024 at 15:40 0 votes 1 answer 658 views What format does a Postfix Milter use? I am attempting to write a custom miller for postfix , but am not sure what format I need to use before I begin writing my logic. So far, I have postfix sending mail to a miller with: ... 43 asked Jul 14, 2024 at 13:27 0 votes 1 answer 538 views Unix Sockets as Portrayed via Netstat I do not have much experience with Unix sockets, but I hope this is the place to start. I want to start with understanding what is going on with a netstat -n command. Is it normal behavior to have ... 11 asked Jun 3, 2024 at 6:01 1 vote 1 answer 695 views Issue when creating a new user and group on macOS I need to create a user and a group called postgres on my mac but I seem to have issues with that. The reason for needing this user is because I've installed postgresql@15 via brew and it created a ... 113 asked May 12, 2024 at 17:51 1 vote 0 answers 135 views How to let root use sudoedit as if it was a user? I'm writing a wrapper for myself around vim that detects when the user's trying to edit a file that doesn't belong to them, and suggests sudoedit or visudo instead. I want to use sudoedit rather than ... 11 asked Apr 8, 2024 at 0:30 2 votes 0 answers 165 views How to detox filenames in a bash script with no errors posted? OS: Kubuntu 22.04.4 LTS x86_64 detox 1.4.5 To display above: neofetch --stdout \|grep 'OS:' detox -V Here is a toxic filename, starts with s1: s1 Ä Ö Ü - ä ö ü Science & < > " 1 \ 2 ⁄ 3 ... 525 asked Mar 30, 2024 at 15:56 0 votes 1 answer 1k views Broken pipe, write error: An epidemic of unnecessary output In the last few months, a problem has been spreading across my systems. That of broken pipe errors: # Solution: # silenced by replacing /bin/bzip2 -> bzip2-reference # to /bin/... 1 asked Mar 17, 2024 at 19:52 2 votes 1 answer 126 views How can I use the last changed file as an argument in linux? I'm thinking of using the last changed file as an argument to commands like ls, echo, or cat, is there a simple and efficient way? this question arose when I was faced with analyzing the latest log ... 21 asked Mar 11, 2024 at 6:47 0 votes 1 answer 452 views Split a large gz compressed file into smaller compressed file gz My requirement is to load a gz file from gcs to BQ. I am using python and Airflow but it is throwing an error that if a single compressed file size is greater than 5 GB, then we can't load it. I have ... 1 asked Mar 7, 2024 at 19:18 0 votes 3 answers 230 views display path to files with same names with this command in Terminal: ls -R \|sort \| uniq -d \| sort -r I can display a list of files with the same names located in the running directory and subdirectories. But I would like to display also ... 1 asked Jan 30, 2024 at 10:39 1 vote 1 answer 507 views How to run Homebrew service with flags? I'm running on macOS Sonoma and trying to run this service called AutoRaise. Someone made a Homebrew package for it here. I installed it using Homebrew with my desired flag, brew install autoraise --... 113 asked Dec 25, 2023 at 19:27 1 vote 1 answer 2k views Shell command to tar directory excluding certain folders In Bash 4, I want make a tar.gz with excluded folders, and while tons of answers about this simple case exist, nothing works in my case. I would like to keep the directory mentioned in exclude, ... 13 asked Dec 12, 2023 at 13:17 0 votes 0 answers 424 views what does ARG_MAX mean when I run a script? Up to now I know what ARG_MAX means (thanks to EdMorton): ls foo bar The command is ls and it has three arguments: foo, and bar. It's 7 characters, so the arguments of ls in here is 7. Now let's ... 463 asked Nov 2, 2023 at 19:17 0 votes 2 answers 2k views awk string replacement - properly escape '&' character I am working on one of our applications to update the docker image from using static configs for each environment to a single template using dynamic variable insertion with awk. Our Dockerfile calls a ... 13 asked Nov 1, 2023 at 17:00 0 votes 0 answers 230 views Permission denied on writing into the hard drive I am trying to download files into an Azure virtual machine. It seems that I have 400 GB hard drive but as a not experienced user, I have saved the files within the /dev/root filesystem, which is ... 101 asked Sep 10, 2023 at 14:06 0 votes 1 answer 513 views Why are simlink loop not an issue? So I learned that hardlink on folders are forbidden to avoid infinite loops in the file system. Seems a good idea! But why is it not a problem to create an infinite loop with simlinks on folders? Why ... 103 asked Sep 7, 2023 at 15:31 0 votes 1 answer 834 views Connection refused PuTTY to VMWare workstation guest Rocky Linux I have Windows 10 Pro, in which VMWare Workstation 16 is installed. The guest system I use there is Rocky Linux 8.8. The problem I’m getting Connection refused PuTTY to VMWare workstation guest OS ... 1 asked Sep 3, 2023 at 7:41
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[Explore Stack Internal](https://stackoverflow.co/internal/?utm_medium=referral&utm_source=superuser-community&utm_campaign=side-bar&utm_content=explore-teams-compact-popover) # Questions tagged \[unix\] [Ask Question](https://superuser.com/questions/ask) Unix is a multitasking, multi-user computer operating system originally developed in 1969 by a group of AT\&T employees at Bell Labs. - [Learn more…](https://superuser.com/tags/unix/info "Tag wiki") - [Top users](https://superuser.com/tags/unix/topusers "Top answerers and askers in this tag") - [Synonyms](https://superuser.com/tags/unix/synonyms "Common, alternate spellings or phrasings for this tag") 4,010 questions [Newest](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix?tab=Newest) [Active](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix?tab=Active) [Bountied](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix?tab=Bounties) [Unanswered](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix?tab=Unanswered) More - [Bountied 0](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix?tab=Bounties) - [Unanswered](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix?tab=Unanswered) - [Frequent](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix?tab=Frequent) - [Score](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix?tab=Votes) - [Trending](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix?tab=Trending) - [Week](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix?tab=Week) - [Month](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix?tab=Month) - Unanswered (my tags) Filter 0 votes 1 answer 29 views ### [How can I combine many directories, recursively?](https://superuser.com/questions/1933535/how-can-i-combine-many-directories-recursively) I recently exported a cloud drive to change storage providers. When I exported the drive, I had to download it in 25 GB parts. Directories (especially noticeable with large directories) were split ... - [command-line](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/command-line "show questions tagged 'command-line'") - [unix](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix "show questions tagged 'unix'") - [archiving](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/archiving "show questions tagged 'archiving'") [![kjmh's user avatar](https://i.sstatic.net/Im8sxWkS.jpg?s=32)](https://superuser.com/users/3201494/kjmh) [kjmh](https://superuser.com/users/3201494/kjmh) - 3 asked 2 days ago 0 votes 0 answers 44 views ### [Are there any standard/best practices for replacing special characters in file names? \[closed\]](https://superuser.com/questions/1933382/are-there-any-standard-best-practices-for-replacing-special-characters-in-file-n) Linux/Unix forbids / (forward slash), while Windows forbids (source) the following: \< (less than) \> (greater than) : (colon - sometimes works, but is actually NTFS Alternate Data Streams) " ... - [linux](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/linux "show questions tagged 'linux'") - [windows](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/windows "show questions tagged 'windows'") - [unix](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix "show questions tagged 'unix'") - [filenames](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/filenames "show questions tagged 'filenames'") [![user182601's user avatar](https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/6388e2468d01c3b039b80daece4bd610?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG&f=y&so-version=2)](https://superuser.com/users/3129478/user182601) [user182601](https://superuser.com/users/3129478/user182601) - 180 asked Jan 7 at 6:02 0 votes 1 answer 58 views ### [Copy piece of text from one file to another in console](https://superuser.com/questions/1929931/copy-piece-of-text-from-one-file-to-another-in-console) Assume the situation: you are sitting at physical terminal which consists of display + keyboard, no mouse, of the machine with some modern UNIX-like system (assume one of: some Linux-based OS, FreeBSD,... - [linux](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/linux "show questions tagged 'linux'") - [unix](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix "show questions tagged 'unix'") - [text-editors](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/text-editors "show questions tagged 'text-editors'") - [freebsd](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/freebsd "show questions tagged 'freebsd'") [![ivan.ukr's user avatar](https://i.sstatic.net/JcHkg.jpg?s=32)](https://superuser.com/users/183450/ivan-ukr) [ivan.ukr](https://superuser.com/users/183450/ivan-ukr) - 113 asked Nov 9, 2025 at 13:52 0 votes 0 answers 84 views ### [Why am I experiencing a Postfix virtual delivery service permission issue?](https://superuser.com/questions/1922556/why-am-i-experiencing-a-postfix-virtual-delivery-service-permission-issue) My Postfix server correctly delivers mail to external addresses. However, internal addresses receive this error: Aug 31 17:06:13 --- postfix/local\[-\]: -: to=\<-@-\>, relay=local, delay=0.02, ... - [email](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/email "show questions tagged 'email'") - [permissions](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/permissions "show questions tagged 'permissions'") - [unix](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix "show questions tagged 'unix'") - [postfix](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/postfix "show questions tagged 'postfix'") - [maildir](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/maildir "show questions tagged 'maildir'") [![user10709800's user avatar](https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/006450326d92f1eb2315733400b0f0cc?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG&f=y&so-version=2)](https://superuser.com/users/1850387/user10709800) [user10709800](https://superuser.com/users/1850387/user10709800) - 43 asked Aug 31, 2025 at 17:30 2 votes 0 answers 106 views ### [Is it safe to symlink \`/opt\` and \`/snap\` to an external drive which is not always going to be connected at boot?](https://superuser.com/questions/1916163/is-it-safe-to-symlink-opt-and-snap-to-an-external-drive-which-is-not-alway) Nothing breaks when I symlink my Documents folder to the same drive, even with that drive not attached to my system. opt is short for ‘optional’, I’m told, so it shouldn’t break boot or anything. It ... - [linux](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/linux "show questions tagged 'linux'") - [unix](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix "show questions tagged 'unix'") - [symbolic-link](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/symbolic-link "show questions tagged 'symbolic-link'") [![Giwby Albatross's user avatar](https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/a6754ce99ce9100992a40ee50d704698?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG&f=y&so-version=2)](https://superuser.com/users/2906571/giwby-albatross) [Giwby Albatross](https://superuser.com/users/2906571/giwby-albatross) - 21 asked Aug 7, 2025 at 5:05 0 votes 0 answers 262 views ### [chmod and setfacl not working on samba share after mount](https://superuser.com/questions/1905210/chmod-and-setfacl-not-working-on-samba-share-after-mount) I want file permissions on mounted share to match the files stored on the server as well as allow the connected user to change them. I needed smb3 unix extensions enabled to see the same file ... - [permissions](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/permissions "show questions tagged 'permissions'") - [unix](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix "show questions tagged 'unix'") - [mount](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/mount "show questions tagged 'mount'") - [samba](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/samba "show questions tagged 'samba'") - [acl](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/acl "show questions tagged 'acl'") [![user300431's user avatar](https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/0c98fd7b3e63d908390178f2d3d3ec91?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG&f=y&so-version=2)](https://superuser.com/users/2906248/user300431) [user300431](https://superuser.com/users/2906248/user300431) - 1 asked Jun 15, 2025 at 22:18 5 votes 1 answer 661 views ### [Why are surrounding single quotes missing if output of ls -1 is passed to a pipe?](https://superuser.com/questions/1904634/why-are-surrounding-single-quotes-missing-if-output-of-ls-1-is-passed-to-a-pipe) Scenario: \$ ls -1 'x y.pdf' \$ ls -1 \\| cat x y.pdf Here we see that surrounding single quotes are missing if output of ls -1 is passed to a pipe. Why does this happen? How to keep the surrounding ... - [linux](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/linux "show questions tagged 'linux'") - [unix](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix "show questions tagged 'unix'") - [pipe](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/pipe "show questions tagged 'pipe'") - [ls](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/ls "show questions tagged 'ls'") [![pmor's user avatar](https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/0669fe1a59034400b0e1ce91b2e4b794?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG&f=y&so-version=2)](https://superuser.com/users/295913/pmor) [pmor](https://superuser.com/users/295913/pmor) - 464 asked Jun 11, 2025 at 13:10 1 vote 0 answers 177 views ### [How to sync Unix passwords to Samba 4 on Debian 12?](https://superuser.com/questions/1904225/how-to-sync-unix-passwords-to-samba-4-on-debian-12) How do I sync Samba passwords with Unix passwords so that if passwd command is executed then Samba passwords are updated to match a new unix password? Problems: unix password sync = yes updates unix ... - [debian](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/debian "show questions tagged 'debian'") - [unix](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix "show questions tagged 'unix'") - [passwords](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/passwords "show questions tagged 'passwords'") - [samba](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/samba "show questions tagged 'samba'") - [pam](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/pam "show questions tagged 'pam'") [![u4963840's user avatar](https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/3c697c7fe3ecf61c37633257211d0f8d?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG)](https://superuser.com/users/2811928/u4963840) [u4963840](https://superuser.com/users/2811928/u4963840) - 121 asked Jun 7, 2025 at 23:36 0 votes 0 answers 352 views ### [OpenVPN connection drops because keepalive does not work](https://superuser.com/questions/1897048/openvpn-connection-drops-because-keepalive-does-not-work) I have Arch Linux with OpenVPN installed and I noticed the connection drops and restarts after the keepalive timeout. With the keepalive ping of the .ovpn, connection drops from inactivity; with a ... - [vpn](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/vpn "show questions tagged 'vpn'") - [unix](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix "show questions tagged 'unix'") - [openvpn](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/openvpn "show questions tagged 'openvpn'") [![eugenio b's user avatar](https://i.sstatic.net/b7mNt.jpg?s=32)](https://superuser.com/users/1907007/eugenio-b) [eugenio b](https://superuser.com/users/1907007/eugenio-b) - 1 asked May 11, 2025 at 13:47 0 votes 0 answers 41 views ### [ddgr not showing relevant results](https://superuser.com/questions/1892315/ddgr-not-showing-relevant-results) the number of search results is always limited to 10. even if I pass argument as 5,ddgr shows 10 results. would you please be kind enough to pass some examples of search results with number of results ... - [linux](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/linux "show questions tagged 'linux'") - [command-line](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/command-line "show questions tagged 'command-line'") - [terminal](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/terminal "show questions tagged 'terminal'") - [unix](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix "show questions tagged 'unix'") - [duckduckgo](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/duckduckgo "show questions tagged 'duckduckgo'") [![Anirban 's user avatar](https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/4f87b354accc719fec5d687071ad972b?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG&f=y&so-version=2)](https://superuser.com/users/949000/anirban) [Anirban](https://superuser.com/users/949000/anirban) - 37 asked Apr 15, 2025 at 15:27 2 votes 1 answer 280 views ### [Get Proportional Resident Memory (PSS) of processes on MacOS](https://superuser.com/questions/1886486/get-proportional-resident-memory-pss-of-processes-on-macos) I have been scouring the depths of the web in search of a way to obtain programmatically (No Activity Monitor) the Proportional Resident Memory (PSS) of processes on modern (Sequoia, Apple Silicon) ... - [macos](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/macos "show questions tagged 'macos'") - [mac](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/mac "show questions tagged 'mac'") - [memory](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/memory "show questions tagged 'memory'") - [unix](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix "show questions tagged 'unix'") - [process](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/process "show questions tagged 'process'") [![jhm2k's user avatar](https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/7698ce3dca3856fb0d3c01eb1b1483cb?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG&f=y&so-version=2)](https://superuser.com/users/2707870/jhm2k) [jhm2k](https://superuser.com/users/2707870/jhm2k) - 23 asked Mar 16, 2025 at 7:33 1 vote 1 answer 81 views ### [1st character is getting replaced when trying to insert character at the end of a line of a csv file - Unix Bash](https://superuser.com/questions/1885417/1st-character-is-getting-replaced-when-trying-to-insert-character-at-the-end-of) I have a csv file (new\_test.csv) with below contents, 202503,47330,2025,2022,1,0,0,1 When I tried doing this, cat new\_test.csv \\| while read line; do echo \${line}","; done I am getting an ... - [bash](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/bash "show questions tagged 'bash'") - [unix](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix "show questions tagged 'unix'") [![sourav shetty's user avatar](https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/42ffa743a9c22c9551c8b13c8109148b?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG&f=y&so-version=2)](https://superuser.com/users/2705762/sourav-shetty) [sourav shetty](https://superuser.com/users/2705762/sourav-shetty) - 11 asked Mar 11, 2025 at 6:01 0 votes 4 answers 163 views ### [How to print all lines matching the pattern 1 and print only line with pattern 2 which is the line before line containing pattern 1?](https://superuser.com/questions/1875855/how-to-print-all-lines-matching-the-pattern-1-and-print-only-line-with-pattern-2) Say I have two patterns (pattern 1 and pattern 2) Want to print all lines matching the pattern 1 and print only line with pattern 2 which is the line before line containing pattern 1: eg: I have a ... - [unix](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix "show questions tagged 'unix'") - [search](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/search "show questions tagged 'search'") - [sed](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/sed "show questions tagged 'sed'") - [awk](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/awk "show questions tagged 'awk'") - [perl](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/perl "show questions tagged 'perl'") [![Bbabu's user avatar](https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/7a96bfad345578d9ffc6baecb96e0b35?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG&f=y&so-version=2)](https://superuser.com/users/2597866/bbabu) [Bbabu](https://superuser.com/users/2597866/bbabu) - 11 asked Feb 1, 2025 at 13:48 0 votes 1 answer 586 views ### [How to use WinRAR for Linux to verify rar archive files and print errors](https://superuser.com/questions/1869048/how-to-use-winrar-for-linux-to-verify-rar-archive-files-and-print-errors) I am using rar (WinRAR for linux). How can I verify each rar file in a directory and print potential corruption errors to a log file? I tried using -ilog\[name\] but rar does not even make a log file ... - [linux](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/linux "show questions tagged 'linux'") - [command-line](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/command-line "show questions tagged 'command-line'") - [unix](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix "show questions tagged 'unix'") - [rar](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/rar "show questions tagged 'rar'") - [winrar](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/winrar "show questions tagged 'winrar'") [![Arete's user avatar](https://i.sstatic.net/MsLAg.jpg?s=32)](https://superuser.com/users/402626/arete) [Arete](https://superuser.com/users/402626/arete) - 1,620 asked Jan 3, 2025 at 8:13 0 votes 0 answers 100 views ### [Why does sudo -i -u fail to pick up the correct home directory?](https://superuser.com/questions/1868981/why-does-sudo-i-u-fail-to-pick-up-the-correct-home-directory) On a fresh vast.ai instance configured with their pytorch template, I am trying to figure out why I can't create properly configured users. After doing useradd --shell /usr/bin/bash -m jason, the ... - [linux](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/linux "show questions tagged 'linux'") - [bash](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/bash "show questions tagged 'bash'") - [unix](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix "show questions tagged 'unix'") - [user-accounts](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/user-accounts "show questions tagged 'user-accounts'") [![Jason Gross's user avatar](https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/c11c7cc23517cf5f043b51fc7914049a?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG)](https://superuser.com/users/59575/jason-gross) [Jason Gross](https://superuser.com/users/59575/jason-gross) - 241 asked Jan 2, 2025 at 19:31 1 vote 2 answers 469 views ### [How to use git diff-index --check in .git/hooks/pre-commit without "new blank line at EOF." error after you end files with new lines?](https://superuser.com/questions/1868772/how-to-use-git-diff-index-check-in-git-hooks-pre-commit-without-new-blank-li) git ships with .git/hooks/pre-commit.sample. I used the following commands: cp .git/hooks/pre-commit.sample .git/hooks/pre-commit sed -i'' 's/diff-index --check/\\0 --ignore-blank-lines/g' ".git/... - [unix](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix "show questions tagged 'unix'") - [git](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/git "show questions tagged 'git'") - [sh](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/sh "show questions tagged 'sh'") - [newlines](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/newlines "show questions tagged 'newlines'") - [termux](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/termux "show questions tagged 'termux'") [![Swudu Susuwu's user avatar](https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a/ACg8ocKTVPOvBF16Vb9B9zwPiuHA0-Lbt32EWZuP_uxCYH8Yjg=k-s32)](https://superuser.com/users/1898901/swudu-susuwu) [Swudu Susuwu](https://superuser.com/users/1898901/swudu-susuwu) - 61 asked Dec 31, 2024 at 23:22 0 votes 0 answers 849 views ### [rsync: \[sender\] read errors mapping "file" : Input/output error (5)](https://superuser.com/questions/1867152/rsync-sender-read-errors-mapping-file-input-output-error-5) Everytime I try to copy a file from one USB disk to another one (does not matter which one),I get this kind of error : mario@Z390-AORUS-PRO-DEST:/mnt/zroot-133/A\_FILES/Backup/FreeBSD\# rsync -avxHAXP ... - [linux](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/linux "show questions tagged 'linux'") - [backup](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/backup "show questions tagged 'backup'") - [unix](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix "show questions tagged 'unix'") - [rsync](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/rsync "show questions tagged 'rsync'") - [freebsd](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/freebsd "show questions tagged 'freebsd'") [![Marietto's user avatar](https://graph.facebook.com/1110352821/picture?type=large)](https://superuser.com/users/243082/marietto) [Marietto](https://superuser.com/users/243082/marietto) - 209 asked Dec 23, 2024 at 8:35 2 votes 1 answer 718 views ### [How can an OS be POSIX-compliant without being basically UNIX?](https://superuser.com/questions/1866454/how-can-an-os-be-posix-compliant-without-being-basically-unix) As I understand being POSIX-compliant means being able to present an API layer that satisfy all the unix system calls. However many of these calls assume users, files, processes, permissions, virtual ... - [windows](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/windows "show questions tagged 'windows'") - [unix](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix "show questions tagged 'unix'") - [posix](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/posix "show questions tagged 'posix'") [![nsimplex's user avatar](https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/b3df749b0d0b92a4c4a2de87627337df?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG)](https://superuser.com/users/2468220/nsimplex) [nsimplex](https://superuser.com/users/2468220/nsimplex) - 121 asked Dec 19, 2024 at 11:18 0 votes 1 answer 132 views ### [confusing \`rm\` command corner behavior](https://superuser.com/questions/1864508/confusing-rm-command-corner-behavior) I am trying to understand the corner case behaviors of rm command. In a folder owned and grouped by root, I have a file owned by user alice. However, user alice does not have any permissions on the ... - [permissions](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/permissions "show questions tagged 'permissions'") - [unix](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix "show questions tagged 'unix'") - [rm](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/rm "show questions tagged 'rm'") [![milaniez's user avatar](https://i.sstatic.net/0bDpYZQC.jpg?s=32)](https://superuser.com/users/635575/milaniez) [milaniez](https://superuser.com/users/635575/milaniez) - 103 asked Dec 11, 2024 at 0:04 1 vote 0 answers 62 views ### [Accute sign does not work as first character of a line](https://superuser.com/questions/1862255/accute-sign-does-not-work-as-first-character-of-a-line) I have a problem when I type ´+E or ´+A, it should produces É and Á but it is deleted instantaneously. In firefox search bar it works as expect, but in skype or whatsapp it doesnt. My keybord is abnt2.... - [firefox](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/firefox "show questions tagged 'firefox'") - [unix](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix "show questions tagged 'unix'") - [dead-keys](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/dead-keys "show questions tagged 'dead-keys'") [![vfbsilva's user avatar](https://i.sstatic.net/dP8FC.jpg?s=32)](https://superuser.com/users/242355/vfbsilva) [vfbsilva](https://superuser.com/users/242355/vfbsilva) - 400 asked Nov 19, 2024 at 21:13 1 vote 1 answer 217 views ### [How to fix incomplete grep](https://superuser.com/questions/1861047/how-to-fix-incomplete-grep) So I constantly make the mistake of mis-typing my grep commands. I mean to type grep searchstring \* However, I often forget to put the \* and end up hitting enter after typing grep searchstring. This ... - [linux](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/linux "show questions tagged 'linux'") - [command-line](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/command-line "show questions tagged 'command-line'") - [unix](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix "show questions tagged 'unix'") - [grep](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/grep "show questions tagged 'grep'") [![bk\_32's user avatar](https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/12510965f12ff9b1442ebffc799dfdbb?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG)](https://superuser.com/users/1736891/bk-32) [bk\_32](https://superuser.com/users/1736891/bk-32) - 133 asked Nov 7, 2024 at 20:37 2 votes 1 answer 425 views ### [Is it possible to transfer files and copy text from VirtualBox with QNX to Windows 10 without Guest Addition?](https://superuser.com/questions/1859142/is-it-possible-to-transfer-files-and-copy-text-from-virtualbox-with-qnx-to-windo) I have a task like this: I have a virtual machine with QNX. There are old Fortran programs (hydrodynamic problems) there. I need to extract them and process them for Matlab. The problem is that I can'... - [virtualbox](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/virtualbox "show questions tagged 'virtualbox'") - [virtual-machine](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/virtual-machine "show questions tagged 'virtual-machine'") - [unix](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix "show questions tagged 'unix'") [![ayr's user avatar](https://i.sstatic.net/UuaPduED.jpg?s=32)](https://superuser.com/users/1297485/ayr) [ayr](https://superuser.com/users/1297485/ayr) - 182 asked Oct 18, 2024 at 9:14 0 votes 1 answer 138 views ### [Man command broken (MacOS 14.6.1)](https://superuser.com/questions/1855763/man-command-broken-macos-14-6-1) Entering "man (anything)" returns "No manual entry for (anything)(anything)", e.g. "man man" return "No manual entry for manman". I've tried new shells, ... - [linux](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/linux "show questions tagged 'linux'") - [bash](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/bash "show questions tagged 'bash'") - [unix](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix "show questions tagged 'unix'") [![user254657's user avatar](https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/ff316107e9a86a5b724240783c26b22a?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG&f=y&so-version=2)](https://superuser.com/users/254657/user254657) [user254657](https://superuser.com/users/254657/user254657) - 31 asked Sep 14, 2024 at 15:40 0 votes 1 answer 52 views ### [Added group to user's secondary groups but still unable to edit (resize) file with permissions 664](https://superuser.com/questions/1853675/added-group-to-users-secondary-groups-but-still-unable-to-edit-resize-file-wi) The output of groups user1: group1 group2 group3 The output of ls -l dir/: total 20 -rw-rw-r-- 1 group2 group2 277 Aug 26 01:52 file ... The output of ls -l outside of dir: drwxrwxr-x ... - [linux](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/linux "show questions tagged 'linux'") - [bash](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/bash "show questions tagged 'bash'") - [permissions](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/permissions "show questions tagged 'permissions'") - [unix](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix "show questions tagged 'unix'") - [file-permissions](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/file-permissions "show questions tagged 'file-permissions'") [![aaa's user avatar](https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/9363278237681b22c5c56fc378d71dbb?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG&f=y&so-version=2)](https://superuser.com/users/2157347/aaa) [aaa](https://superuser.com/users/2157347/aaa) - 1 asked Aug 26, 2024 at 23:59 0 votes 0 answers 501 views ### [How can I create a command to activate a Python virtual environment across different shells with minimal complexity?](https://superuser.com/questions/1852002/how-can-i-create-a-command-to-activate-a-python-virtual-environment-across-diffe) I'm developing a tool that needs to activate a Python virtual environment using a custom command. Currently, I'm using the following alias in my .bashrc file: alias activate\_env="source ./env/bin/... - [bash](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/bash "show questions tagged 'bash'") - [shell](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/shell "show questions tagged 'shell'") - [unix](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix "show questions tagged 'unix'") - [python](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/python "show questions tagged 'python'") - [shell-script](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/shell-script "show questions tagged 'shell-script'") [![azom's user avatar](https://i.sstatic.net/p7nQH.jpg?s=32)](https://superuser.com/users/2128090/azom) [azom](https://superuser.com/users/2128090/azom) - 1 asked Aug 11, 2024 at 20:26 0 votes 1 answer 221 views ### [Linux shell coding for adding a column with % (percentage) \[closed\]](https://superuser.com/questions/1849976/linux-shell-coding-for-adding-a-column-with-percentage) I need help with Linux shell code for adding a column with % percentage calculation. file1: Name Count Tom 10 Tom 7 Tom 5 Tom 4 Result in file2 as shown file2: Name Count Percent Tom 10 38.5 ... - [unix](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix "show questions tagged 'unix'") [![bobo's user avatar](https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/ba88fc1b6d747ed633e0da3d1afdff25?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG&f=y&so-version=2)](https://superuser.com/users/1442938/bobo) [bobo](https://superuser.com/users/1442938/bobo) - 11 asked Jul 23, 2024 at 12:37 0 votes 1 answer 658 views ### [What format does a Postfix Milter use?](https://superuser.com/questions/1849061/what-format-does-a-postfix-milter-use) I am attempting to write a custom miller for postfix , but am not sure what format I need to use before I begin writing my logic. So far, I have postfix sending mail to a miller with: ... - [linux](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/linux "show questions tagged 'linux'") - [unix](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix "show questions tagged 'unix'") - [smtp](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/smtp "show questions tagged 'smtp'") - [postfix](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/postfix "show questions tagged 'postfix'") - [netcat](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/netcat "show questions tagged 'netcat'") [![user10709800's user avatar](https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/006450326d92f1eb2315733400b0f0cc?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG&f=y&so-version=2)](https://superuser.com/users/1850387/user10709800) [user10709800](https://superuser.com/users/1850387/user10709800) - 43 asked Jul 14, 2024 at 13:27 0 votes 1 answer 538 views ### [Unix Sockets as Portrayed via Netstat](https://superuser.com/questions/1844596/unix-sockets-as-portrayed-via-netstat) I do not have much experience with Unix sockets, but I hope this is the place to start. I want to start with understanding what is going on with a netstat -n command. Is it normal behavior to have ... - [macos](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/macos "show questions tagged 'macos'") - [unix](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix "show questions tagged 'unix'") - [sockets](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/sockets "show questions tagged 'sockets'") [![joncavaz's user avatar](https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/db0ccb0301cf886265501748c8dc103f?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG&f=y&so-version=2)](https://superuser.com/users/1972259/joncavaz) [joncavaz](https://superuser.com/users/1972259/joncavaz) - 11 asked Jun 3, 2024 at 6:01 1 vote 1 answer 695 views ### [Issue when creating a new user and group on macOS](https://superuser.com/questions/1842178/issue-when-creating-a-new-user-and-group-on-macos) I need to create a user and a group called postgres on my mac but I seem to have issues with that. The reason for needing this user is because I've installed postgresql@15 via brew and it created a ... - [macos](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/macos "show questions tagged 'macos'") - [permissions](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/permissions "show questions tagged 'permissions'") - [unix](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix "show questions tagged 'unix'") - [postgresql](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/postgresql "show questions tagged 'postgresql'") - [user](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/user "show questions tagged 'user'") [![Ax M's user avatar](https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-lYlDwIMtfbE/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAALzY/6fab-5VV6m0/s32-rj/photo.jpg)](https://superuser.com/users/1869414/ax-m) [Ax M](https://superuser.com/users/1869414/ax-m) - 113 asked May 12, 2024 at 17:51 0 votes 0 answers 21 views ### ["find" command does not find all files from root unless folder is specified \[duplicate\]](https://superuser.com/questions/1841705/find-command-does-not-find-all-files-from-root-unless-folder-is-specified) I am trying to find the files that are named setenv.sh on this machine, I am logged in as root and am searching from the '/' using the following syntax and receiving the output: \# First \[root@... - [linux](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/linux "show questions tagged 'linux'") - [shell](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/shell "show questions tagged 'shell'") - [unix](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix "show questions tagged 'unix'") - [find](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/find "show questions tagged 'find'") - [centos-7](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/centos-7 "show questions tagged 'centos-7'") [![user1917670's user avatar](https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/96a1722622c552d9839bc0e30c12a01f?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG&f=y&so-version=2)](https://superuser.com/users/1917670/user1917670) [user1917670](https://superuser.com/users/1917670/user1917670) - 1 asked May 8, 2024 at 8:26 0 votes 1 answer 424 views ### [How do I find files by last day in a month? (or how to copy the latest file per month)](https://superuser.com/questions/1838951/how-do-i-find-files-by-last-day-in-a-month-or-how-to-copy-the-latest-file-per) I know there is "find" and I use something like find "/backup.stats/30days" -mtime +30 -type f But I wanted to know if anyone knew of a way to pick out the oldest file by month; ... - [linux](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/linux "show questions tagged 'linux'") - [shell](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/shell "show questions tagged 'shell'") - [unix](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix "show questions tagged 'unix'") - [code](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/code "show questions tagged 'code'") [![RansuDoragon's user avatar](https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/237da5471f382a16424bd079043e0e8d?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG)](https://superuser.com/users/390402/ransudoragon) [RansuDoragon](https://superuser.com/users/390402/ransudoragon) - 25 asked Apr 13, 2024 at 15:50 1 vote 0 answers 135 views ### [How to let root use sudoedit as if it was a user?](https://superuser.com/questions/1838235/how-to-let-root-use-sudoedit-as-if-it-was-a-user) I'm writing a wrapper for myself around vim that detects when the user's trying to edit a file that doesn't belong to them, and suggests sudoedit or visudo instead. I want to use sudoedit rather than ... - [linux](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/linux "show questions tagged 'linux'") - [bash](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/bash "show questions tagged 'bash'") - [unix](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix "show questions tagged 'unix'") - [sudo](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/sudo "show questions tagged 'sudo'") [![aaaalz's user avatar](https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/b0b9a1b0513f422a886096738b0aac26?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG&f=y&so-version=2)](https://superuser.com/users/1908706/aaaalz) [aaaalz](https://superuser.com/users/1908706/aaaalz) - 11 asked Apr 8, 2024 at 0:30 2 votes 0 answers 165 views ### [How to detox filenames in a bash script with no errors posted?](https://superuser.com/questions/1837286/how-to-detox-filenames-in-a-bash-script-with-no-errors-posted) OS: Kubuntu 22.04.4 LTS x86\_64 detox 1.4.5 To display above: neofetch --stdout \\|grep 'OS:' detox -V Here is a toxic filename, starts with s1: s1 Ä Ö Ü - ä ö ü Science & \< \> " 1 \\ 2 ⁄ 3 ... - [linux](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/linux "show questions tagged 'linux'") - [command-line](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/command-line "show questions tagged 'command-line'") - [bash](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/bash "show questions tagged 'bash'") - [unix](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix "show questions tagged 'unix'") [![joseph22's user avatar](https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/04d5080194f326450620e87d937f0152?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG)](https://superuser.com/users/1601646/joseph22) [joseph22](https://superuser.com/users/1601646/joseph22) - 525 asked Mar 30, 2024 at 15:56 0 votes 1 answer 1k views ### [Broken pipe, write error: An epidemic of unnecessary output](https://superuser.com/questions/1835516/broken-pipe-write-error-an-epidemic-of-unnecessary-output) In the last few months, a problem has been spreading across my systems. That of broken pipe errors: \# Solution: \# silenced by replacing /bin/bzip2 -\> bzip2-reference \# to /bin/... - [command-line](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/command-line "show questions tagged 'command-line'") - [bash](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/bash "show questions tagged 'bash'") - [unix](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix "show questions tagged 'unix'") - [pipe](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/pipe "show questions tagged 'pipe'") - [gnu](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/gnu "show questions tagged 'gnu'") [![Hincor's user avatar](https://i.sstatic.net/77XrZ.png?s=32)](https://superuser.com/users/864442/hincor) [Hincor](https://superuser.com/users/864442/hincor) - 1 asked Mar 17, 2024 at 19:52 2 votes 1 answer 126 views ### [How can I use the last changed file as an argument in linux?](https://superuser.com/questions/1834577/how-can-i-use-the-last-changed-file-as-an-argument-in-linux) I'm thinking of using the last changed file as an argument to commands like ls, echo, or cat, is there a simple and efficient way? this question arose when I was faced with analyzing the latest log ... - [linux](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/linux "show questions tagged 'linux'") - [command-line](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/command-line "show questions tagged 'command-line'") - [bash](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/bash "show questions tagged 'bash'") - [unix](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix "show questions tagged 'unix'") [![Ilgar's user avatar](https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a/ACg8ocJsFlYP-GCuOD4mvgmEmBq0KBXIgziFjdxpIsV4m3L3=k-s32)](https://superuser.com/users/1899844/ilgar) [Ilgar](https://superuser.com/users/1899844/ilgar) - 21 asked Mar 11, 2024 at 6:47 0 votes 1 answer 452 views ### [Split a large gz compressed file into smaller compressed file gz](https://superuser.com/questions/1834178/split-a-large-gz-compressed-file-into-smaller-compressed-file-gz) My requirement is to load a gz file from gcs to BQ. I am using python and Airflow but it is throwing an error that if a single compressed file size is greater than 5 GB, then we can't load it. I have ... - [unix](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix "show questions tagged 'unix'") - [python3](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/python3 "show questions tagged 'python3'") - [google-cloud-platform](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/google-cloud-platform "show questions tagged 'google-cloud-platform'") - [google-cloud-storage](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/google-cloud-storage "show questions tagged 'google-cloud-storage'") [![A gupta's user avatar](https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-M-WSJdqN8xQ/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAD3w/sCL_zsI0bYg/s32-rj/photo.jpg)](https://superuser.com/users/1072844/a-gupta) [A gupta](https://superuser.com/users/1072844/a-gupta) - 1 asked Mar 7, 2024 at 19:18 0 votes 3 answers 230 views ### [display path to files with same names](https://superuser.com/questions/1828042/display-path-to-files-with-same-names) with this command in Terminal: ls -R \\|sort \\| uniq -d \\| sort -r I can display a list of files with the same names located in the running directory and subdirectories. But I would like to display also ... - [macos](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/macos "show questions tagged 'macos'") - [command-line](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/command-line "show questions tagged 'command-line'") - [terminal](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/terminal "show questions tagged 'terminal'") - [unix](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix "show questions tagged 'unix'") - [file-management](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/file-management "show questions tagged 'file-management'") [![all2alb's user avatar](https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/bf1d7b1541231ab3322a86e3e9c2c9e3?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG&f=y&so-version=2)](https://superuser.com/users/1886113/all2alb) [all2alb](https://superuser.com/users/1886113/all2alb) - 1 asked Jan 30, 2024 at 10:39 0 votes 0 answers 372 views ### [Pgbouncer: Multiple Instances on same host receiving same TCP connection when using SO\_REUSEPORT](https://superuser.com/questions/1827297/pgbouncer-multiple-instances-on-same-host-receiving-same-tcp-connection-when-us) I was able to setup two pgbouncer instances for database connection pooling, on a single VM (CentOS 7.0) listening to same port (6432) on two different TCP socket (I believe) using Linux Kernel ... - [unix](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix "show questions tagged 'unix'") - [tcp](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/tcp "show questions tagged 'tcp'") - [database](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/database "show questions tagged 'database'") - [postgresql](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/postgresql "show questions tagged 'postgresql'") - [linux-kernel](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/linux-kernel "show questions tagged 'linux-kernel'") [![goodfella's user avatar](https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GiOYd5lM4fGOk2Fp3LgBsb8aOVd4rR_iL5Efqa4Mg=k-s32)](https://superuser.com/users/1863517/goodfella) [goodfella](https://superuser.com/users/1863517/goodfella) - 67 asked Jan 25, 2024 at 1:10 3 votes 1 answer 3k views ### [What is the meaning of the manage-gids parameter in /etc/nfs.conf?](https://superuser.com/questions/1827129/what-is-the-meaning-of-the-manage-gids-parameter-in-etc-nfs-conf) I have run into an issue (on a system which I am not root) where there is a directory using an acl to manage access, I should be allowed access (and I am allowed access if I do a newgrp to one of the ... - [linux](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/linux "show questions tagged 'linux'") - [permissions](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/permissions "show questions tagged 'permissions'") - [unix](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix "show questions tagged 'unix'") - [nfs](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/nfs "show questions tagged 'nfs'") - [acl](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/acl "show questions tagged 'acl'") [![lagnut's user avatar](https://i.sstatic.net/P4dXx.jpg?s=32)](https://superuser.com/users/627010/lagnut) [lagnut](https://superuser.com/users/627010/lagnut) - 33 asked Jan 24, 2024 at 2:52 0 votes 1 answer 943 views ### [Is there a trick to add an unix user with '@' inside its login on debian](https://superuser.com/questions/1825647/is-there-a-trick-to-add-an-unix-user-with-inside-its-login-on-debian) On Debian, there is not a lot of limitations to add an unix user. Ie: the login may contain dots and uppercase letters. Is there a trick to add an unix user with an '@' inside its login ? I understand ... - [linux](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/linux "show questions tagged 'linux'") - [debian](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/debian "show questions tagged 'debian'") - [unix](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix "show questions tagged 'unix'") - [user-accounts](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/user-accounts "show questions tagged 'user-accounts'") - [special-characters](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/special-characters "show questions tagged 'special-characters'") [![benelux's user avatar](https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/51b63744e6345a10c528f3a082aa9712?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG&f=y&so-version=2)](https://superuser.com/users/1880827/benelux) [benelux](https://superuser.com/users/1880827/benelux) - 3 asked Jan 13, 2024 at 19:20 1 vote 1 answer 507 views ### [How to run Homebrew service with flags?](https://superuser.com/questions/1823071/how-to-run-homebrew-service-with-flags) I'm running on macOS Sonoma and trying to run this service called AutoRaise. Someone made a Homebrew package for it here. I installed it using Homebrew with my desired flag, brew install autoraise --... - [macos](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/macos "show questions tagged 'macos'") - [unix](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix "show questions tagged 'unix'") - [homebrew](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/homebrew "show questions tagged 'homebrew'") - [plist](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/plist "show questions tagged 'plist'") - [macos-sonoma](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/macos-sonoma "show questions tagged 'macos-sonoma'") [![noobie's user avatar](https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/f49856417e9fd4063ee11258d4cc6485?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG&f=y&so-version=2)](https://superuser.com/users/1791841/noobie) [noobie](https://superuser.com/users/1791841/noobie) - 113 asked Dec 25, 2023 at 19:27 1 vote 1 answer 2k views ### [Shell command to tar directory excluding certain folders](https://superuser.com/questions/1820381/shell-command-to-tar-directory-excluding-certain-folders) In Bash 4, I want make a tar.gz with excluded folders, and while tons of answers about this simple case exist, nothing works in my case. I would like to keep the directory mentioned in exclude, ... - [linux](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/linux "show questions tagged 'linux'") - [bash](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/bash "show questions tagged 'bash'") - [backup](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/backup "show questions tagged 'backup'") - [unix](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix "show questions tagged 'unix'") - [tar](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/tar "show questions tagged 'tar'") [![VOX's user avatar](https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/1ca38e807d39118c4996b844bc7540a3?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG)](https://superuser.com/users/1870012/vox) [VOX](https://superuser.com/users/1870012/vox) - 13 asked Dec 12, 2023 at 13:17 1 vote 0 answers 195 views ### [What steps are needed to safely create a unix setuid binary that can mount removable drives without privilege escalation](https://superuser.com/questions/1815833/what-steps-are-needed-to-safely-create-a-unix-setuid-binary-that-can-mount-remov) The steps I can think of for a setuid binary that is willing to mount drives on arbitrary paths specified by normal users: the binary must check whether /sys/block/DEV/removable=1 the binary must ... - [unix](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix "show questions tagged 'unix'") - [mount](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/mount "show questions tagged 'mount'") - [privileges](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/privileges "show questions tagged 'privileges'") - [setuid](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/setuid "show questions tagged 'setuid'") [![Zorf's user avatar](https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/519338ca46fa26b27cd23ea7db40c2c5?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG)](https://superuser.com/users/273776/zorf) [Zorf](https://superuser.com/users/273776/zorf) - 361 asked Nov 8, 2023 at 14:12 0 votes 0 answers 424 views ### [what does ARG\_MAX mean when I run a script?](https://superuser.com/questions/1815134/what-does-arg-max-mean-when-i-run-a-script) Up to now I know what ARG\_MAX means (thanks to EdMorton): ls foo bar The command is ls and it has three arguments: foo, and bar. It's 7 characters, so the arguments of ls in here is 7. Now let's ... - [linux](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/linux "show questions tagged 'linux'") - [unix](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix "show questions tagged 'unix'") [![Saeed's user avatar](https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/7db72459e19d0a8c383198fde44f940a?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG&f=y&so-version=2)](https://superuser.com/users/895182/saeed) [Saeed](https://superuser.com/users/895182/saeed) - 463 asked Nov 2, 2023 at 19:17 0 votes 2 answers 2k views ### [awk string replacement - properly escape '&' character](https://superuser.com/questions/1814979/awk-string-replacement-properly-escape-character) I am working on one of our applications to update the docker image from using static configs for each environment to a single template using dynamic variable insertion with awk. Our Dockerfile calls a ... - [bash](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/bash "show questions tagged 'bash'") - [unix](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix "show questions tagged 'unix'") - [awk](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/awk "show questions tagged 'awk'") [![kat.is.konfused's user avatar](https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/8d7d3e3c2525a59eb597d71fc66ebb79?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG&f=y&so-version=2)](https://superuser.com/users/1814071/kat-is-konfused) [kat.is.konfused](https://superuser.com/users/1814071/kat-is-konfused) - 13 asked Nov 1, 2023 at 17:00 0 votes 1 answer 388 views ### [Is it possible to add/change DNS server without having to drop existing connections?](https://superuser.com/questions/1811321/is-it-possible-to-add-change-dns-server-without-having-to-drop-existing-connecti) I just changed (or added another) DNS server to my network connection configuration and would like to use it straight away, but I have a few existing (mostly SSH) connections open that I don't want to ... - [dns](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/dns "show questions tagged 'dns'") - [unix](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix "show questions tagged 'unix'") - [networkmanager](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/networkmanager "show questions tagged 'networkmanager'") [![FriendFX's user avatar](https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/3dbec4dfd2edf8e609220dfdd8a960ca?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG)](https://superuser.com/users/187555/friendfx) [FriendFX](https://superuser.com/users/187555/friendfx) - 927 asked Oct 5, 2023 at 3:06 0 votes 1 answer 2k views ### [tail -f nohup.out gives cannot open 'nohup.out' for reading: No such file or directory](https://superuser.com/questions/1808554/tail-f-nohup-out-gives-cannot-open-nohup-out-for-reading-no-such-file-or-dir) I connected to a remote server using ssh protocol and launched this command in order to run my python script remotely: nohup python3.8 -u sab.py \> log\_15\_09\_2023.txt & This works fine since if ... - [linux](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/linux "show questions tagged 'linux'") - [bash](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/bash "show questions tagged 'bash'") - [unix](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix "show questions tagged 'unix'") - [nohup](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/nohup "show questions tagged 'nohup'") [![tail's user avatar](https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GidRVZ3FaKIroNP5fAhAnFoMx0-EjU_soMbnP_V=k-s32)](https://superuser.com/users/1843395/tail) [tail](https://superuser.com/users/1843395/tail) - 181 asked Sep 15, 2023 at 14:44 0 votes 0 answers 230 views ### [Permission denied on writing into the hard drive](https://superuser.com/questions/1807845/permission-denied-on-writing-into-the-hard-drive) I am trying to download files into an Azure virtual machine. It seems that I have 400 GB hard drive but as a not experienced user, I have saved the files within the /dev/root filesystem, which is ... - [virtual-machine](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/virtual-machine "show questions tagged 'virtual-machine'") - [unix](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix "show questions tagged 'unix'") - [azure](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/azure "show questions tagged 'azure'") [![Gideon Kogan's user avatar](https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-2Uc40Hai2U0/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/zTkPRnZJTXs/s32-rj/photo.jpg)](https://superuser.com/users/1238907/gideon-kogan) [Gideon Kogan](https://superuser.com/users/1238907/gideon-kogan) - 101 asked Sep 10, 2023 at 14:06 0 votes 1 answer 513 views ### [Why are simlink loop not an issue?](https://superuser.com/questions/1807485/why-are-simlink-loop-not-an-issue) So I learned that hardlink on folders are forbidden to avoid infinite loops in the file system. Seems a good idea! But why is it not a problem to create an infinite loop with simlinks on folders? Why ... - [unix](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix "show questions tagged 'unix'") - [ext4](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/ext4 "show questions tagged 'ext4'") [![Xetolone's user avatar](https://i.sstatic.net/I7u9G.jpg?s=32)](https://superuser.com/users/1303466/xetolone) [Xetolone](https://superuser.com/users/1303466/xetolone) - 103 asked Sep 7, 2023 at 15:31 0 votes 1 answer 834 views ### [Connection refused PuTTY to VMWare workstation guest Rocky Linux](https://superuser.com/questions/1806900/connection-refused-putty-to-vmware-workstation-guest-rocky-linux) I have Windows 10 Pro, in which VMWare Workstation 16 is installed. The guest system I use there is Rocky Linux 8.8. The problem I’m getting Connection refused PuTTY to VMWare workstation guest OS ... - [linux](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/linux "show questions tagged 'linux'") - [unix](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix "show questions tagged 'unix'") - [putty](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/putty "show questions tagged 'putty'") - [vmware](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/vmware "show questions tagged 'vmware'") - [openssh](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/openssh "show questions tagged 'openssh'") [![kanchana disanayaka's user avatar](https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-Ge2iesZpiJ4/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/AMZuuckhNrYqUPxZ3ZunVM_n9OMW1A2nWQ/s96-c/s32-rj/photo.jpg)](https://superuser.com/users/1839554/kanchana-disanayaka) [kanchana disanayaka](https://superuser.com/users/1839554/kanchana-disanayaka) - 1 asked Sep 3, 2023 at 7:41 1 [2](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix?tab=newest&page=2 "Go to page 2") [3](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix?tab=newest&page=3 "Go to page 3") [4](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix?tab=newest&page=4 "Go to page 4") [5](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix?tab=newest&page=5 "Go to page 5") … [81](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix?tab=newest&page=81 "Go to page 81") [Next](https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/unix?tab=newest&page=2 "Go to page 2") - The Overflow Blog - [Now everyone can chat on Stack Overflow](https://stackoverflow.blog/2026/01/12/now-everyone-can-chat-on-stack-overflow/?cb=1) - [Vibe code anything in a Hanselminute](https://stackoverflow.blog/2026/01/13/vibe-code-anything-in-a-hanselminute/?cb=1) - Featured on Meta - [A proposal for bringing back Community Promotion & Open Source Ads](https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/416429/a-proposal-for-bringing-back-community-promotion-open-source-ads?cb=1) - [Community Asks Sprint Announcement – January 2026: Custom site-specific badges\!](https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/416734/community-asks-sprint-announcement-january-2026-custom-site-specific-badges?cb=1) #### [Hot Network Questions](https://stackexchange.com/questions?tab=hot) - [Eilenberg–Watts for module spectra](https://mathoverflow.net/questions/506939/eilenberg-watts-for-module-spectra) - [Why is there no right to a passport in the USA?](https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/94061/why-is-there-no-right-to-a-passport-in-the-usa) - [Simple Clicker Game in Python](https://codereview.stackexchange.com/questions/300986/simple-clicker-game-in-python) - [Is lightning bolt supposed to be present on taskbar battery icon when charging is complete in Windows 11? 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