🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 108 (from laksa172)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa108.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://sesamecare.com/blog/antidepressant-medications\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://sesamecare.com/blog/antidepressant-medications\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/sesamecare.com\/blog\/antidepressant-medications","crawl_time":1775393078,"first_indexed_time":1718580243,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"com,sesamecare!\/blog\/antidepressant-medications s443","src_root_hash":"14764410528800655508","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Antidepressant Medications: Types, Uses & Side Effects","meta_descriptions":["Antidepressants are prescribed to treat depression.Learn more about the different types of antidepressants, how they work, and their common side effects."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Antidepressants are prescription medications used by healthcare providers to treat mental health conditions. There are several types of antidepressant medications. This article will detail the types of antidepressants. It will explain how they work and what to expect when taking them.\nWhat are antidepressants?\nHealthcare providers use antidepressants to treat major depressive disorder. This disorder is also known as depression. The word “antidepressant” is an umbrella term used to group together several different types of drugs, all used for the same thing.\nIn general, these drugs work by acting on neurotransmitters in the brain. Different classes of antidepressant medications work on the brain in different ways.\nAntidepressants are usually supplied as oral capsules or tablets (pills). Some may be supplied as a liquid for pediatric patients or patients who cannot swallow pills. Antidepressants alone don't cure major depression. But, doctors frequently prescribe them with therapy and other lifestyle changes.\nStudies show that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and antidepressant medication have comparable short-term effects. Combining these two treatment options (therapy and medication) produces significantly better results than either option alone.\nWhat are antidepressants used for?\nHealthcare providers prescribe antidepressants as one treatment option for major depressive disorder. They may also be used for chronic pain and other mental health conditions such as anxiety.\nDepression is also known as major depressive disorder. It affects how you think, behave, and feel. Untreated depression can lead to a range of emotional and physical issues. Other mental conditions, such as anxiety disorder and bipolar disorder, can cause depression. Symptoms of depression can make it difficult to carry out day-to-day tasks and maintain personal relationships.\nThe symptoms of depression may vary from person to person. They may appear mild in some, while they can be debilitating in others.\nCommon symptoms of depression include:\nFeelings of sadness, hopelessness, or loneliness\nOutbursts of anger\nLoss of interest or pleasure in activities\nSexual problems\/ sexual dysfunction\nSleep problems\nSlowed speech\nTiredness or lack of energy\nReduced appetite or weight loss\nWeight gain\nImpaired thinking\nRestlessness and anxiety\nSuicidal thoughts\nHealthcare providers frequently prescribe antidepressants along with other forms of therapy.\nWhat are the different types of antidepressants, and how do they work?\nAntidepressants are a family of drugs used to treat depression.\nThe main drug classes of FDA-approved antidepressants are:\nSelective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs):\nSerotonin is a natural neurotransmitter produced in the brain that regulates mood. Neurotransmitters send signals between your brain and neurons in the body. Once a signal has been sent, serotonin is absorbed by the brain.\nSSRI medication blocks the brain's reabsorption (or reuptake) of serotonin. This allows it to stay active in the brain longer, reducing depression symptoms.\nDoctors often prescribe SSRIs for depression. They work well and have fewer side effects than other antidepressants.\nSSRIs include:\nCitalopram\n(Celexa)\nEscitalopram\n(Lexapro)\nFluoxetine\n(Prozac)\nSertraline\n(Zoloft)\nParoxetine\n(Paxil)\nSelective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI):\nSNRIs block the reabsorption of serotonin and norepinephrine in brain cells. Norepinephrine helps regulate mood. By blocking its absorption, SNRIs help control brain function and behavior and reduce depression symptoms.\nSNRIs affect norepinephrine, while SSRIs do not.\nSNRIs include:\nDesvenlafaxine\n(Pristiq)\nDuloxetine DR\n(Cymbalta)\nVenlafaxine\n(Effexor)\nVenlafaxine ER\n(Effexor ER)\nTricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs):\nTricyclic antidepressants work by boosting serotonin levels in your brain. These drugs were among the earliest antidepressants developed.\nTCAs include:\nAmitriptyline\n(Endep)\nNortriptyline\n(Pamelor)\nClomipramine\n(Anafranil)\nDoxepin\n(Silenor)\nDesipramine\nImipramine\nMonoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs):\nMAOIs were the first class of antidepressants developed. They block the action of monoamine oxidase in the nervous system. Monoamine oxidase breaks down serotonin. By blocking monoamine oxidase, MAOIs keep mood-regulating neurotransmitters in the brain longer.\nMAOIs can cause serious side effects and can have life-threatening interactions with other drugs and foods. Doctors only prescribe MAOI drugs when other drugs have failed.\nMAOIs include:\nSelegline\n(Emsam)\nPhenelzine (Nardil)\nIsocarboxazid (Marplan)\nTranylcypromine\nAtypical antidepressants:\nAtypical antidepressants cannot be classified in the groups above.\nAtypical antidepressants include:\nBupropion SR\n(Wellbutrin SR)\nBupropion XL\n(Wellbutrin XL)\nTrazadone\n(Desyrel)\nMirtazapine (Remeron)\nWhat are the common side effects of antidepressants?\nAntidepressants may cause varying side effects, depending on the medication and patient. Some patients may experience no adverse reactions at all.\nPossible side effects caused by antidepressant use include:\nWeight gain\nSexual dysfunction\nNausea\nVomiting\nDiarrhea\nConstipation\nDrowsiness\nDry mouth\nBlurred vision\nSSRIs and SNRIs have been shown to cause serotonin syndrome on rare occasions. Serotonin syndrome is a serious medical condition. It is caused by too much serotonin in the body.\nCommon symptoms include of serotonin syndrome include:\nRestlessness\nAgitation\nA rapid heart rate\nHeavy sweating\nTwitching muscles\nIf you begin to experience these early signs of serotonin syndrome, get medical help right away.\nIf you experience the signs of an allergic reaction, seek medical attention.\nSymptoms of an allergic reaction to antidepressants include:\nSkin rash\nHives\nSwelling\nDifficulty breathing\nHoarseness\nAntidepressants have been linked to suicidal thoughts, especially in young people. This reaction usually happens at the beginning of treatment. If you or someone you know starts to have thoughts of self-harm, get medical help right away. You can also use the 9-8-8 for the\nSuicide & Crisis Lifeline\n.\nBefore starting treatment with any antidepressant, talk to your healthcare provider. Tell them about any drugs or supplements you take. Antidepressants can cause harmful drug interactions. This can happen when they are used with other drugs or supplements (like St. John’s wort). You should also tell your provider if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breastfeeding. Do this before starting treatment.\nHow do I get antidepressants?\nYou need a prescription from a licensed healthcare provider to get antidepressant medication. There are no FDA-approved antidepressants available over the counter.\nHow can Sesame help?\nIf you or a loved one are experiencing the symptoms of depression, book an\nonline mental health visit\nwith a licensed mental healthcare provider on Sesame. Providers on Sesame can offer treatment options and, when appropriate, prescribe antidepressants. They can also answer any questions or concerns.","attrs_markdown":"What can we help you with today?\n\nWhat can we help you with today?\n\nSee a doctor urgently\n\nRecommended\n\n![Urgent care visit image](https:\/\/sesamecare.com\/_next\/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.ctfassets.net%2F1clcztbbevpp%2F2DAeiOo23u2vFzYIMWLi2B%2Ff0a37451082754c1689699c03dc4ca46%2FUrgentcare_super_menu.png&w=1500&q=60)\n\n## Urgent care visit\nFrom \\$34\/visit\n\n## Conditions treated\n[Cold and flu](https:\/\/sesamecare.com\/complaint\/cold-and-flu)\n\n[Sinus 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Antidepressants\n\n5 min read\n\n# Antidepressant Medications: Types, Uses & Side Effects\nPublished on May 30, 2024\n\n5 min read\n\n![Dr. Jillian Foglesong-Stabile, MD](https:\/\/sesamecare.com\/_next\/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.ctfassets.net%2F1clcztbbevpp%2F4Bb4Y9olExsIfNNLhK74eT%2F1dfae11d42d8acc76054e713f03c64c3%2FIMG_1363.jpg%3Fw%3D256%26h%3D256%26fm%3Dwebp&w=128&q=75)\n\nMedically reviewed byDr. Jillian Foglesong-Stabile, MD\n\n![Eric Weiman](https:\/\/sesamecare.com\/_next\/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.ctfassets.net%2F1clcztbbevpp%2F530iOFniHYIYrcBnRuxc4X%2Fc4ce66b9ec682319045c3f590741cfce%2FEric.jpeg%3Fw%3D256%26h%3D256%26fm%3Dwebp&w=128&q=75)\n\nWritten by[Eric Weiman](https:\/\/sesamecare.com\/blog\/editorial-team)\n\n![](https:\/\/sesamecare.com\/_next\/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.ctfassets.net%2F1clcztbbevpp%2F25ovY3J9y7mvlJg6LyiHlV%2F344adf0f4fb93912fc53e3bcd817d13b%2Fantidepressant-medications.jpg%3Ffm%3Dwebp&w=1500&q=90)\n\n## A guide to antidepressant medications\nAntidepressants are prescription medications used by healthcare providers to treat mental health conditions. There are several types of antidepressant medications. This article will detail the types of antidepressants. It will explain how they work and what to expect when taking them.\n\n## What are antidepressants?\nHealthcare providers use antidepressants to treat major depressive disorder. This disorder is also known as depression. The word “antidepressant” is an umbrella term used to group together several different types of drugs, all used for the same thing.\n\nIn general, these drugs work by acting on neurotransmitters in the brain. Different classes of antidepressant medications work on the brain in different ways.\n\nAntidepressants are usually supplied as oral capsules or tablets (pills). Some may be supplied as a liquid for pediatric patients or patients who cannot swallow pills. Antidepressants alone don't cure major depression. But, doctors frequently prescribe them with therapy and other lifestyle changes.\n\nStudies show that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and antidepressant medication have comparable short-term effects. Combining these two treatment options (therapy and medication) produces significantly better results than either option alone.\n\n![promo-image](https:\/\/sesamecare.com\/_next\/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.ctfassets.net%2F1clcztbbevpp%2F59gmXg8NTE2y2KJTF5OS86%2F77fbbf2e3b49261709ca600de413b362%2FMHRx-Hero-image.png%3Fw%3D650%26q%3D60&w=1500&q=75)\n\n## NewMental health prescriptions and refills made simple.\nSesame's \\$79\/mo. Mental Health Rx service includes access to mental health prescriptions for eligible patients, live video visits, messaging & so much more.\n\n[Get started today](https:\/\/sesamecare.com\/complaint\/online-mental-health-medication)\n\n## What are antidepressants used for?\nHealthcare providers prescribe antidepressants as one treatment option for major depressive disorder. They may also be used for chronic pain and other mental health conditions such as anxiety.\n\nDepression is also known as major depressive disorder. It affects how you think, behave, and feel. Untreated depression can lead to a range of emotional and physical issues. Other mental conditions, such as anxiety disorder and bipolar disorder, can cause depression. Symptoms of depression can make it difficult to carry out day-to-day tasks and maintain personal relationships.\n\nThe symptoms of depression may vary from person to person. They may appear mild in some, while they can be debilitating in others.\n\n**Common symptoms of depression include:**\n\n- Feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or loneliness\n- Outbursts of anger\n- Loss of interest or pleasure in activities\n- Sexual problems\/ sexual dysfunction\n- Sleep problems\n- Slowed speech\n- Tiredness or lack of energy\n- Reduced appetite or weight loss\n- Weight gain\n- Impaired thinking\n- Restlessness and anxiety\n- Suicidal thoughts\n\nHealthcare providers frequently prescribe antidepressants along with other forms of therapy.\n\n## Take 20% off your first appointment\nSubscribe to our newsletter for exclusive promos, weekly curated health content & early access to specialty packages.\n\nEnter your email\n\nSign me up\n\nBy subscribing you agree with our [Privacy Policy.](https:\/\/sesamecare.com\/privacy)\n\n## What are the different types of antidepressants, and how do they work?\nAntidepressants are a family of drugs used to treat depression.\n\nThe main drug classes of FDA-approved antidepressants are:\n\n1. **Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs):** Serotonin is a natural neurotransmitter produced in the brain that regulates mood. Neurotransmitters send signals between your brain and neurons in the body. Once a signal has been sent, serotonin is absorbed by the brain. SSRI medication blocks the brain's reabsorption (or reuptake) of serotonin. This allows it to stay active in the brain longer, reducing depression symptoms.\n\nDoctors often prescribe SSRIs for depression. They work well and have fewer side effects than other antidepressants.\n\n**SSRIs include:**\n\n- [Citalopram](https:\/\/sesamecare.com\/medication\/citalopram) (Celexa)\n- [Escitalopram](https:\/\/sesamecare.com\/medication\/escitalopram) (Lexapro)\n- [Fluoxetine](https:\/\/sesamecare.com\/medication\/fluoxetine) (Prozac)\n- [Sertraline](https:\/\/sesamecare.com\/medication\/sertraline) (Zoloft)\n- [Paroxetine](https:\/\/sesamecare.com\/medication\/paroxetine) (Paxil)\n\n1. **Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI):** SNRIs block the reabsorption of serotonin and norepinephrine in brain cells. Norepinephrine helps regulate mood. By blocking its absorption, SNRIs help control brain function and behavior and reduce depression symptoms.\n\nSNRIs affect norepinephrine, while SSRIs do not.\n\n**SNRIs include:**\n\n- [Desvenlafaxine](https:\/\/sesamecare.com\/medication\/desvenlafaxine) (Pristiq)\n- [Duloxetine DR](https:\/\/sesamecare.com\/medication\/duloxetine-dr) (Cymbalta)\n- [Venlafaxine](https:\/\/sesamecare.com\/medication\/venlafaxine) (Effexor)\n- [Venlafaxine ER](https:\/\/sesamecare.com\/medication\/venlafaxine-er) (Effexor ER)\n\n1. **Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs):** Tricyclic antidepressants work by boosting serotonin levels in your brain. These drugs were among the earliest antidepressants developed.\n\n**TCAs include:**\n\n- [Amitriptyline](https:\/\/sesamecare.com\/medication\/amitriptyline) (Endep)\n- [Nortriptyline](https:\/\/sesamecare.com\/medication\/nortriptyline) (Pamelor)\n- [Clomipramine](https:\/\/sesamecare.com\/medication\/clomipramine) (Anafranil)\n- [Doxepin](https:\/\/sesamecare.com\/medication\/doxepin) (Silenor)\n- Desipramine\n- Imipramine\n\n1. **Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs):** MAOIs were the first class of antidepressants developed. They block the action of monoamine oxidase in the nervous system. Monoamine oxidase breaks down serotonin. By blocking monoamine oxidase, MAOIs keep mood-regulating neurotransmitters in the brain longer.\n\nMAOIs can cause serious side effects and can have life-threatening interactions with other drugs and foods. Doctors only prescribe MAOI drugs when other drugs have failed.\n\n**MAOIs include:**\n\n- [Selegline](https:\/\/sesamecare.com\/medication\/selegiline) (Emsam)\n- Phenelzine (Nardil)\n- Isocarboxazid (Marplan)\n- Tranylcypromine\n\n1. **Atypical antidepressants:** Atypical antidepressants cannot be classified in the groups above.\n\n**Atypical antidepressants include:**\n\n- [Bupropion SR](https:\/\/sesamecare.com\/medication\/bupropion-sr) (Wellbutrin SR)\n- [Bupropion XL](https:\/\/sesamecare.com\/medication\/bupropion-xl) (Wellbutrin XL)\n- [Trazadone](https:\/\/sesamecare.com\/medication\/trazodone) (Desyrel)\n- Mirtazapine (Remeron)\n\n![promo-image](https:\/\/sesamecare.com\/_next\/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.ctfassets.net%2F1clcztbbevpp%2F59gmXg8NTE2y2KJTF5OS86%2F77fbbf2e3b49261709ca600de413b362%2FMHRx-Hero-image.png%3Fw%3D650%26q%3D60&w=1500&q=75)\n\n## NewManage your mental health medication without the hassle.\nSesame's \\$79\/mo. Mental Health Rx service includes access to prescriptions + refills, video visits & unlimited messaging. No long waits, no copays, no insurance needed.\n\n[Get started today](https:\/\/sesamecare.com\/complaint\/online-mental-health-medication)\n\n## What are the common side effects of antidepressants?\nAntidepressants may cause varying side effects, depending on the medication and patient. Some patients may experience no adverse reactions at all.\n\n**Possible side effects caused by antidepressant use include:**\n\n- Weight gain\n- Sexual dysfunction\n- Nausea\n- Vomiting\n- Diarrhea\n- Constipation\n- Drowsiness\n- Dry mouth\n- Blurred vision\n\nSSRIs and SNRIs have been shown to cause serotonin syndrome on rare occasions. Serotonin syndrome is a serious medical condition. It is caused by too much serotonin in the body. **Common symptoms include of serotonin syndrome include:**\n\n- Restlessness\n- Agitation\n- A rapid heart rate\n- Heavy sweating\n- Twitching muscles\n\nIf you begin to experience these early signs of serotonin syndrome, get medical help right away.\n\nIf you experience the signs of an allergic reaction, seek medical attention. **Symptoms of an allergic reaction to antidepressants include:**\n\n- Skin rash\n- Hives\n- Swelling\n- Difficulty breathing\n- Hoarseness\n\nAntidepressants have been linked to suicidal thoughts, especially in young people. This reaction usually happens at the beginning of treatment. If you or someone you know starts to have thoughts of self-harm, get medical help right away. You can also use the 9-8-8 for the [Suicide & Crisis Lifeline](https:\/\/988lifeline.org\/talk-to-someone-now\/).\n\nBefore starting treatment with any antidepressant, talk to your healthcare provider. Tell them about any drugs or supplements you take. Antidepressants can cause harmful drug interactions. This can happen when they are used with other drugs or supplements (like St. John’s wort). You should also tell your provider if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breastfeeding. Do this before starting treatment.\n\n## How do I get antidepressants?\nYou need a prescription from a licensed healthcare provider to get antidepressant medication. There are no FDA-approved antidepressants available over the counter.\n\n### How can Sesame help?\nIf you or a loved one are experiencing the symptoms of depression, book an [online mental health visit](https:\/\/sesamecare.com\/category\/mental-health) with a licensed mental healthcare provider on Sesame. Providers on Sesame can offer treatment options and, when appropriate, prescribe antidepressants. They can also answer any questions or concerns.\n\n### Sources\n- Cipriani A, Furukawa TA, Salanti G, Chaimani A, Atkinson LZ, Ogawa Y, Leucht S, Ruhe HG, Turner EH, Higgins JPT, Egger M, Takeshima N, Hayasaka Y, Imai H, Shinohara K, Tajika A, Ioannidis JPA, Geddes JR. [Comparative efficacy and acceptability of 21 antidepressant drugs for the acute treatment of adults with major depressive disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5889788\/). Lancet.\n- Jakobsen JC, Gluud C, Kirsch I. [Should antidepressants be used for major depressive disorder?](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7418603\/). BMJ Evid Based Med.\n- Kamenov K, Twomey C, Cabello M, Prina AM, Ayuso-Mateos JL. (2017). [The efficacy of psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy and their combination on functioning and quality of life in depression: a meta-analysis](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5244449\/). Psychol Med.\n- Nutt D. J. (2008). [The Journal of clinical psychiatry](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/18494537\/). 69 Suppl E1.\n- Saha K, Torous J, Kiciman E, De Choudhury M. [Understanding Side Effects of Antidepressants: Large-scale Longitudinal Study on Social Media Data](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8077932\/). JMIR Ment Health.\n- Sheffler ZM, Patel P, Abdijadid S. [Antidepressants](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK538182\/). NIH.gov.\n\nShare this post\n\n## Related posts\n[![Antidepressants are prescription drugs used by health care professionals to treat depression. 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Read more](https:\/\/sesamecare.com\/blog\/antidepressants-during-pregnancy)\n\n[![This article will detail what Contrave is used for, how it works, what you should consider before taking it, and how it stacks up to other prescription weight-loss drugs.](https:\/\/sesamecare.com\/_next\/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.ctfassets.net%2F1clcztbbevpp%2F2k5jugN2ii6y8fx721Lr0o%2F65b787eb914efcc1fad6f5ab3a6a1a09%2FiStock-861888786__1_.jpg&w=1500&q=75)Weight Loss•December 22, 2023 Contrave for Weight Loss: Uses, Side Effects, and Precautions This article will detail what Contrave is used for, how it works, what you should consider before taking it, and how it stacks up to other prescription weight-loss drugs. 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It also offers the best natural and medical remedies to help mitigate them.](https:\/\/sesamecare.com\/_next\/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.ctfassets.net%2F1clcztbbevpp%2F0R4xHA3HtanPg8Umy3N18%2Fdcd2e5a5b25a8d5f0c50de7a47bd6689%2FHot_Flashes.jpeg&w=1500&q=75)Menopause•July 8, 2024 How to Stop Hot Flashes with Natural and Medical Remedies Hot flashes can be overwhelming, disruptive and unpredictable. This article explores what hot flashes are, along with their common symptoms. It also offers the best natural and medical remedies to help mitigate them. Read more](https:\/\/sesamecare.com\/blog\/how-to-stop-hot-flashes)\n\n[![Over the past several years, sleep gummies - fruity chews that typically contain melatonin and other sleep-inducing ingredients like l-theanine - have become increasingly popular. But do they actually work - and are they safe for regular use?](https:\/\/sesamecare.com\/_next\/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.ctfassets.net%2F1clcztbbevpp%2F64Oz2tuqOzj6rkvbpaEzMQ%2F891ab657818f786eec90a05e11a33626%2FAdobeStock_680717933.jpeg&w=1500&q=75)Stress•March 13, 2024 Do Melatonin Sleep Gummies Really Work? Over the past several years, sleep gummies - fruity chews that typically contain melatonin and other sleep-inducing ingredients like l-theanine - have become increasingly popular. But do they actually work - and are they safe for regular use? Read more](https:\/\/sesamecare.com\/blog\/sleep-gummies-what-to-know)\n\n### Medical disclaimer\nSesame content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. If you have a medical concern, it is critical to seek the advice of your physician or another qualified health provider with any questions. If you are facing a medical emergency, call 911 or visit the nearest emergency room immediately.\n\n### Editorial policy\nSesame’s [Editorial Team](https:\/\/sesamecare.com\/blog\/editorial-team) is committed to delivering useful, relevant and reliable health information to our readers. Our editorial policy ensures that all content is thoroughly researched and medically reviewed to maintain high standards of accuracy and integrity. 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All rights reserved.","attrs_readable_markdown":"Antidepressants are prescription medications used by healthcare providers to treat mental health conditions. There are several types of antidepressant medications. This article will detail the types of antidepressants. It will explain how they work and what to expect when taking them.\n\n## What are antidepressants?\nHealthcare providers use antidepressants to treat major depressive disorder. This disorder is also known as depression. The word “antidepressant” is an umbrella term used to group together several different types of drugs, all used for the same thing.\n\nIn general, these drugs work by acting on neurotransmitters in the brain. Different classes of antidepressant medications work on the brain in different ways.\n\nAntidepressants are usually supplied as oral capsules or tablets (pills). Some may be supplied as a liquid for pediatric patients or patients who cannot swallow pills. Antidepressants alone don't cure major depression. But, doctors frequently prescribe them with therapy and other lifestyle changes.\n\nStudies show that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and antidepressant medication have comparable short-term effects. Combining these two treatment options (therapy and medication) produces significantly better results than either option alone.\n\n## What are antidepressants used for?\nHealthcare providers prescribe antidepressants as one treatment option for major depressive disorder. They may also be used for chronic pain and other mental health conditions such as anxiety.\n\nDepression is also known as major depressive disorder. It affects how you think, behave, and feel. Untreated depression can lead to a range of emotional and physical issues. Other mental conditions, such as anxiety disorder and bipolar disorder, can cause depression. Symptoms of depression can make it difficult to carry out day-to-day tasks and maintain personal relationships.\n\nThe symptoms of depression may vary from person to person. They may appear mild in some, while they can be debilitating in others.\n\n**Common symptoms of depression include:**\n\n- Feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or loneliness\n- Outbursts of anger\n- Loss of interest or pleasure in activities\n- Sexual problems\/ sexual dysfunction\n- Sleep problems\n- Slowed speech\n- Tiredness or lack of energy\n- Reduced appetite or weight loss\n- Weight gain\n- Impaired thinking\n- Restlessness and anxiety\n- Suicidal thoughts\n\nHealthcare providers frequently prescribe antidepressants along with other forms of therapy.\n\n## What are the different types of antidepressants, and how do they work?\nAntidepressants are a family of drugs used to treat depression.\n\nThe main drug classes of FDA-approved antidepressants are:\n\n1. **Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs):** Serotonin is a natural neurotransmitter produced in the brain that regulates mood. Neurotransmitters send signals between your brain and neurons in the body. Once a signal has been sent, serotonin is absorbed by the brain. SSRI medication blocks the brain's reabsorption (or reuptake) of serotonin. This allows it to stay active in the brain longer, reducing depression symptoms.\n\nDoctors often prescribe SSRIs for depression. They work well and have fewer side effects than other antidepressants.\n\n**SSRIs include:**\n\n- [Citalopram](https:\/\/sesamecare.com\/medication\/citalopram) (Celexa)\n- [Escitalopram](https:\/\/sesamecare.com\/medication\/escitalopram) (Lexapro)\n- [Fluoxetine](https:\/\/sesamecare.com\/medication\/fluoxetine) (Prozac)\n- [Sertraline](https:\/\/sesamecare.com\/medication\/sertraline) (Zoloft)\n- [Paroxetine](https:\/\/sesamecare.com\/medication\/paroxetine) (Paxil)\n\n1. **Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI):** SNRIs block the reabsorption of serotonin and norepinephrine in brain cells. Norepinephrine helps regulate mood. By blocking its absorption, SNRIs help control brain function and behavior and reduce depression symptoms.\n\nSNRIs affect norepinephrine, while SSRIs do not.\n\n**SNRIs include:**\n\n- [Desvenlafaxine](https:\/\/sesamecare.com\/medication\/desvenlafaxine) (Pristiq)\n- [Duloxetine DR](https:\/\/sesamecare.com\/medication\/duloxetine-dr) (Cymbalta)\n- [Venlafaxine](https:\/\/sesamecare.com\/medication\/venlafaxine) (Effexor)\n- [Venlafaxine ER](https:\/\/sesamecare.com\/medication\/venlafaxine-er) (Effexor ER)\n\n1. **Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs):** Tricyclic antidepressants work by boosting serotonin levels in your brain. These drugs were among the earliest antidepressants developed.\n\n**TCAs include:**\n\n- [Amitriptyline](https:\/\/sesamecare.com\/medication\/amitriptyline) (Endep)\n- [Nortriptyline](https:\/\/sesamecare.com\/medication\/nortriptyline) (Pamelor)\n- [Clomipramine](https:\/\/sesamecare.com\/medication\/clomipramine) (Anafranil)\n- [Doxepin](https:\/\/sesamecare.com\/medication\/doxepin) (Silenor)\n- Desipramine\n- Imipramine\n\n1. **Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs):** MAOIs were the first class of antidepressants developed. They block the action of monoamine oxidase in the nervous system. Monoamine oxidase breaks down serotonin. By blocking monoamine oxidase, MAOIs keep mood-regulating neurotransmitters in the brain longer.\n\nMAOIs can cause serious side effects and can have life-threatening interactions with other drugs and foods. Doctors only prescribe MAOI drugs when other drugs have failed.\n\n**MAOIs include:**\n\n- [Selegline](https:\/\/sesamecare.com\/medication\/selegiline) (Emsam)\n- Phenelzine (Nardil)\n- Isocarboxazid (Marplan)\n- Tranylcypromine\n\n1. **Atypical antidepressants:** Atypical antidepressants cannot be classified in the groups above.\n\n**Atypical antidepressants include:**\n\n- [Bupropion SR](https:\/\/sesamecare.com\/medication\/bupropion-sr) (Wellbutrin SR)\n- [Bupropion XL](https:\/\/sesamecare.com\/medication\/bupropion-xl) (Wellbutrin XL)\n- [Trazadone](https:\/\/sesamecare.com\/medication\/trazodone) (Desyrel)\n- Mirtazapine (Remeron)\n\n## What are the common side effects of antidepressants?\nAntidepressants may cause varying side effects, depending on the medication and patient. Some patients may experience no adverse reactions at all.\n\n**Possible side effects caused by antidepressant use include:**\n\n- Weight gain\n- Sexual dysfunction\n- Nausea\n- Vomiting\n- Diarrhea\n- Constipation\n- Drowsiness\n- Dry mouth\n- Blurred vision\n\nSSRIs and SNRIs have been shown to cause serotonin syndrome on rare occasions. Serotonin syndrome is a serious medical condition. It is caused by too much serotonin in the body. **Common symptoms include of serotonin syndrome include:**\n\n- Restlessness\n- Agitation\n- A rapid heart rate\n- Heavy sweating\n- Twitching muscles\n\nIf you begin to experience these early signs of serotonin syndrome, get medical help right away.\n\nIf you experience the signs of an allergic reaction, seek medical attention. **Symptoms of an allergic reaction to antidepressants include:**\n\n- Skin rash\n- Hives\n- Swelling\n- Difficulty breathing\n- Hoarseness\n\nAntidepressants have been linked to suicidal thoughts, especially in young people. This reaction usually happens at the beginning of treatment. If you or someone you know starts to have thoughts of self-harm, get medical help right away. You can also use the 9-8-8 for the [Suicide & Crisis Lifeline](https:\/\/988lifeline.org\/talk-to-someone-now\/).\n\nBefore starting treatment with any antidepressant, talk to your healthcare provider. Tell them about any drugs or supplements you take. Antidepressants can cause harmful drug interactions. This can happen when they are used with other drugs or supplements (like St. John’s wort). You should also tell your provider if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breastfeeding. Do this before starting treatment.\n\n## How do I get antidepressants?\nYou need a prescription from a licensed healthcare provider to get antidepressant medication. There are no FDA-approved antidepressants available over the counter.\n\n### How can Sesame help?\nIf you or a loved one are experiencing the symptoms of depression, book an [online mental health visit](https:\/\/sesamecare.com\/category\/mental-health) with a licensed mental healthcare provider on Sesame. Providers on Sesame can offer treatment options and, when appropriate, prescribe antidepressants. They can also answer any questions or concerns.","meta_canonical":null}

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Meta Title	Antidepressant Medications: Types, Uses & Side Effects
Meta Description	Antidepressants are prescribed to treat depression.Learn more about the different types of antidepressants, how they work, and their common side effects.
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Boilerpipe Text	Antidepressants are prescription medications used by healthcare providers to treat mental health conditions. There are several types of antidepressant medications. This article will detail the types of antidepressants. It will explain how they work and what to expect when taking them. What are antidepressants? Healthcare providers use antidepressants to treat major depressive disorder. This disorder is also known as depression. The word “antidepressant” is an umbrella term used to group together several different types of drugs, all used for the same thing. In general, these drugs work by acting on neurotransmitters in the brain. Different classes of antidepressant medications work on the brain in different ways. Antidepressants are usually supplied as oral capsules or tablets (pills). Some may be supplied as a liquid for pediatric patients or patients who cannot swallow pills. Antidepressants alone don't cure major depression. But, doctors frequently prescribe them with therapy and other lifestyle changes. Studies show that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and antidepressant medication have comparable short-term effects. Combining these two treatment options (therapy and medication) produces significantly better results than either option alone. What are antidepressants used for? Healthcare providers prescribe antidepressants as one treatment option for major depressive disorder. They may also be used for chronic pain and other mental health conditions such as anxiety. Depression is also known as major depressive disorder. It affects how you think, behave, and feel. Untreated depression can lead to a range of emotional and physical issues. Other mental conditions, such as anxiety disorder and bipolar disorder, can cause depression. Symptoms of depression can make it difficult to carry out day-to-day tasks and maintain personal relationships. The symptoms of depression may vary from person to person. They may appear mild in some, while they can be debilitating in others. Common symptoms of depression include: Feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or loneliness Outbursts of anger Loss of interest or pleasure in activities Sexual problems/ sexual dysfunction Sleep problems Slowed speech Tiredness or lack of energy Reduced appetite or weight loss Weight gain Impaired thinking Restlessness and anxiety Suicidal thoughts Healthcare providers frequently prescribe antidepressants along with other forms of therapy. What are the different types of antidepressants, and how do they work? Antidepressants are a family of drugs used to treat depression. The main drug classes of FDA-approved antidepressants are: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs): Serotonin is a natural neurotransmitter produced in the brain that regulates mood. Neurotransmitters send signals between your brain and neurons in the body. Once a signal has been sent, serotonin is absorbed by the brain. SSRI medication blocks the brain's reabsorption (or reuptake) of serotonin. This allows it to stay active in the brain longer, reducing depression symptoms. Doctors often prescribe SSRIs for depression. They work well and have fewer side effects than other antidepressants. SSRIs include: Citalopram (Celexa) Escitalopram (Lexapro) Fluoxetine (Prozac) Sertraline (Zoloft) Paroxetine (Paxil) Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI): SNRIs block the reabsorption of serotonin and norepinephrine in brain cells. Norepinephrine helps regulate mood. By blocking its absorption, SNRIs help control brain function and behavior and reduce depression symptoms. SNRIs affect norepinephrine, while SSRIs do not. SNRIs include: Desvenlafaxine (Pristiq) Duloxetine DR (Cymbalta) Venlafaxine (Effexor) Venlafaxine ER (Effexor ER) Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs): Tricyclic antidepressants work by boosting serotonin levels in your brain. These drugs were among the earliest antidepressants developed. TCAs include: Amitriptyline (Endep) Nortriptyline (Pamelor) Clomipramine (Anafranil) Doxepin (Silenor) Desipramine Imipramine Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs): MAOIs were the first class of antidepressants developed. They block the action of monoamine oxidase in the nervous system. Monoamine oxidase breaks down serotonin. By blocking monoamine oxidase, MAOIs keep mood-regulating neurotransmitters in the brain longer. MAOIs can cause serious side effects and can have life-threatening interactions with other drugs and foods. Doctors only prescribe MAOI drugs when other drugs have failed. MAOIs include: Selegline (Emsam) Phenelzine (Nardil) Isocarboxazid (Marplan) Tranylcypromine Atypical antidepressants: Atypical antidepressants cannot be classified in the groups above. Atypical antidepressants include: Bupropion SR (Wellbutrin SR) Bupropion XL (Wellbutrin XL) Trazadone (Desyrel) Mirtazapine (Remeron) What are the common side effects of antidepressants? Antidepressants may cause varying side effects, depending on the medication and patient. Some patients may experience no adverse reactions at all. Possible side effects caused by antidepressant use include: Weight gain Sexual dysfunction Nausea Vomiting Diarrhea Constipation Drowsiness Dry mouth Blurred vision SSRIs and SNRIs have been shown to cause serotonin syndrome on rare occasions. Serotonin syndrome is a serious medical condition. It is caused by too much serotonin in the body. Common symptoms include of serotonin syndrome include: Restlessness Agitation A rapid heart rate Heavy sweating Twitching muscles If you begin to experience these early signs of serotonin syndrome, get medical help right away. If you experience the signs of an allergic reaction, seek medical attention. Symptoms of an allergic reaction to antidepressants include: Skin rash Hives Swelling Difficulty breathing Hoarseness Antidepressants have been linked to suicidal thoughts, especially in young people. This reaction usually happens at the beginning of treatment. If you or someone you know starts to have thoughts of self-harm, get medical help right away. You can also use the 9-8-8 for the Suicide & Crisis Lifeline . Before starting treatment with any antidepressant, talk to your healthcare provider. Tell them about any drugs or supplements you take. Antidepressants can cause harmful drug interactions. This can happen when they are used with other drugs or supplements (like St. John’s wort). You should also tell your provider if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breastfeeding. Do this before starting treatment. How do I get antidepressants? You need a prescription from a licensed healthcare provider to get antidepressant medication. There are no FDA-approved antidepressants available over the counter. How can Sesame help? If you or a loved one are experiencing the symptoms of depression, book an online mental health visit with a licensed mental healthcare provider on Sesame. Providers on Sesame can offer treatment options and, when appropriate, prescribe antidepressants. They can also answer any questions or concerns.
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Antidepressants 5 min read # Antidepressant Medications: Types, Uses & Side Effects Published on May 30, 2024 5 min read ![Dr. Jillian Foglesong-Stabile, MD](https://sesamecare.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.ctfassets.net%2F1clcztbbevpp%2F4Bb4Y9olExsIfNNLhK74eT%2F1dfae11d42d8acc76054e713f03c64c3%2FIMG_1363.jpg%3Fw%3D256%26h%3D256%26fm%3Dwebp&w=128&q=75) Medically reviewed byDr. Jillian Foglesong-Stabile, MD ![Eric Weiman](https://sesamecare.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.ctfassets.net%2F1clcztbbevpp%2F530iOFniHYIYrcBnRuxc4X%2Fc4ce66b9ec682319045c3f590741cfce%2FEric.jpeg%3Fw%3D256%26h%3D256%26fm%3Dwebp&w=128&q=75) Written by[Eric Weiman](https://sesamecare.com/blog/editorial-team) ![](https://sesamecare.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.ctfassets.net%2F1clcztbbevpp%2F25ovY3J9y7mvlJg6LyiHlV%2F344adf0f4fb93912fc53e3bcd817d13b%2Fantidepressant-medications.jpg%3Ffm%3Dwebp&w=1500&q=90) ## A guide to antidepressant medications Antidepressants are prescription medications used by healthcare providers to treat mental health conditions. There are several types of antidepressant medications. This article will detail the types of antidepressants. It will explain how they work and what to expect when taking them. ## What are antidepressants? Healthcare providers use antidepressants to treat major depressive disorder. This disorder is also known as depression. The word “antidepressant” is an umbrella term used to group together several different types of drugs, all used for the same thing. In general, these drugs work by acting on neurotransmitters in the brain. Different classes of antidepressant medications work on the brain in different ways. Antidepressants are usually supplied as oral capsules or tablets (pills). Some may be supplied as a liquid for pediatric patients or patients who cannot swallow pills. Antidepressants alone don't cure major depression. But, doctors frequently prescribe them with therapy and other lifestyle changes. Studies show that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and antidepressant medication have comparable short-term effects. Combining these two treatment options (therapy and medication) produces significantly better results than either option alone. ![promo-image](https://sesamecare.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.ctfassets.net%2F1clcztbbevpp%2F59gmXg8NTE2y2KJTF5OS86%2F77fbbf2e3b49261709ca600de413b362%2FMHRx-Hero-image.png%3Fw%3D650%26q%3D60&w=1500&q=75) ## NewMental health prescriptions and refills made simple. Sesame's \$79/mo. Mental Health Rx service includes access to mental health prescriptions for eligible patients, live video visits, messaging & so much more. [Get started today](https://sesamecare.com/complaint/online-mental-health-medication) ## What are antidepressants used for? Healthcare providers prescribe antidepressants as one treatment option for major depressive disorder. They may also be used for chronic pain and other mental health conditions such as anxiety. Depression is also known as major depressive disorder. It affects how you think, behave, and feel. Untreated depression can lead to a range of emotional and physical issues. Other mental conditions, such as anxiety disorder and bipolar disorder, can cause depression. Symptoms of depression can make it difficult to carry out day-to-day tasks and maintain personal relationships. The symptoms of depression may vary from person to person. They may appear mild in some, while they can be debilitating in others. Common symptoms of depression include: - Feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or loneliness - Outbursts of anger - Loss of interest or pleasure in activities - Sexual problems/ sexual dysfunction - Sleep problems - Slowed speech - Tiredness or lack of energy - Reduced appetite or weight loss - Weight gain - Impaired thinking - Restlessness and anxiety - Suicidal thoughts Healthcare providers frequently prescribe antidepressants along with other forms of therapy. ## Take 20% off your first appointment Subscribe to our newsletter for exclusive promos, weekly curated health content & early access to specialty packages. Enter your email Sign me up By subscribing you agree with our [Privacy Policy.](https://sesamecare.com/privacy) ## What are the different types of antidepressants, and how do they work? Antidepressants are a family of drugs used to treat depression. The main drug classes of FDA-approved antidepressants are: 1. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs): Serotonin is a natural neurotransmitter produced in the brain that regulates mood. Neurotransmitters send signals between your brain and neurons in the body. Once a signal has been sent, serotonin is absorbed by the brain. SSRI medication blocks the brain's reabsorption (or reuptake) of serotonin. This allows it to stay active in the brain longer, reducing depression symptoms. Doctors often prescribe SSRIs for depression. They work well and have fewer side effects than other antidepressants. SSRIs include: - [Citalopram](https://sesamecare.com/medication/citalopram) (Celexa) - [Escitalopram](https://sesamecare.com/medication/escitalopram) (Lexapro) - [Fluoxetine](https://sesamecare.com/medication/fluoxetine) (Prozac) - [Sertraline](https://sesamecare.com/medication/sertraline) (Zoloft) - [Paroxetine](https://sesamecare.com/medication/paroxetine) (Paxil) 1. Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI): SNRIs block the reabsorption of serotonin and norepinephrine in brain cells. Norepinephrine helps regulate mood. By blocking its absorption, SNRIs help control brain function and behavior and reduce depression symptoms. SNRIs affect norepinephrine, while SSRIs do not. SNRIs include: - [Desvenlafaxine](https://sesamecare.com/medication/desvenlafaxine) (Pristiq) - [Duloxetine DR](https://sesamecare.com/medication/duloxetine-dr) (Cymbalta) - [Venlafaxine](https://sesamecare.com/medication/venlafaxine) (Effexor) - [Venlafaxine ER](https://sesamecare.com/medication/venlafaxine-er) (Effexor ER) 1. Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs): Tricyclic antidepressants work by boosting serotonin levels in your brain. These drugs were among the earliest antidepressants developed. TCAs include: - [Amitriptyline](https://sesamecare.com/medication/amitriptyline) (Endep) - [Nortriptyline](https://sesamecare.com/medication/nortriptyline) (Pamelor) - [Clomipramine](https://sesamecare.com/medication/clomipramine) (Anafranil) - [Doxepin](https://sesamecare.com/medication/doxepin) (Silenor) - Desipramine - Imipramine 1. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs): MAOIs were the first class of antidepressants developed. They block the action of monoamine oxidase in the nervous system. Monoamine oxidase breaks down serotonin. By blocking monoamine oxidase, MAOIs keep mood-regulating neurotransmitters in the brain longer. MAOIs can cause serious side effects and can have life-threatening interactions with other drugs and foods. Doctors only prescribe MAOI drugs when other drugs have failed. MAOIs include: - [Selegline](https://sesamecare.com/medication/selegiline) (Emsam) - Phenelzine (Nardil) - Isocarboxazid (Marplan) - Tranylcypromine 1. Atypical antidepressants: Atypical antidepressants cannot be classified in the groups above. Atypical antidepressants include: - [Bupropion SR](https://sesamecare.com/medication/bupropion-sr) (Wellbutrin SR) - [Bupropion XL](https://sesamecare.com/medication/bupropion-xl) (Wellbutrin XL) - [Trazadone](https://sesamecare.com/medication/trazodone) (Desyrel) - Mirtazapine (Remeron) ![promo-image](https://sesamecare.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.ctfassets.net%2F1clcztbbevpp%2F59gmXg8NTE2y2KJTF5OS86%2F77fbbf2e3b49261709ca600de413b362%2FMHRx-Hero-image.png%3Fw%3D650%26q%3D60&w=1500&q=75) ## NewManage your mental health medication without the hassle. Sesame's \$79/mo. Mental Health Rx service includes access to prescriptions + refills, video visits & unlimited messaging. No long waits, no copays, no insurance needed. [Get started today](https://sesamecare.com/complaint/online-mental-health-medication) ## What are the common side effects of antidepressants? Antidepressants may cause varying side effects, depending on the medication and patient. Some patients may experience no adverse reactions at all. Possible side effects caused by antidepressant use include: - Weight gain - Sexual dysfunction - Nausea - Vomiting - Diarrhea - Constipation - Drowsiness - Dry mouth - Blurred vision SSRIs and SNRIs have been shown to cause serotonin syndrome on rare occasions. Serotonin syndrome is a serious medical condition. It is caused by too much serotonin in the body. Common symptoms include of serotonin syndrome include: - Restlessness - Agitation - A rapid heart rate - Heavy sweating - Twitching muscles If you begin to experience these early signs of serotonin syndrome, get medical help right away. If you experience the signs of an allergic reaction, seek medical attention. Symptoms of an allergic reaction to antidepressants include: - Skin rash - Hives - Swelling - Difficulty breathing - Hoarseness Antidepressants have been linked to suicidal thoughts, especially in young people. This reaction usually happens at the beginning of treatment. If you or someone you know starts to have thoughts of self-harm, get medical help right away. You can also use the 9-8-8 for the [Suicide & Crisis Lifeline](https://988lifeline.org/talk-to-someone-now/). Before starting treatment with any antidepressant, talk to your healthcare provider. Tell them about any drugs or supplements you take. Antidepressants can cause harmful drug interactions. This can happen when they are used with other drugs or supplements (like St. John’s wort). You should also tell your provider if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breastfeeding. Do this before starting treatment. ## How do I get antidepressants? You need a prescription from a licensed healthcare provider to get antidepressant medication. There are no FDA-approved antidepressants available over the counter. ### How can Sesame help? If you or a loved one are experiencing the symptoms of depression, book an [online mental health visit](https://sesamecare.com/category/mental-health) with a licensed mental healthcare provider on Sesame. Providers on Sesame can offer treatment options and, when appropriate, prescribe antidepressants. They can also answer any questions or concerns. ### Sources - Cipriani A, Furukawa TA, Salanti G, Chaimani A, Atkinson LZ, Ogawa Y, Leucht S, Ruhe HG, Turner EH, Higgins JPT, Egger M, Takeshima N, Hayasaka Y, Imai H, Shinohara K, Tajika A, Ioannidis JPA, Geddes JR. [Comparative efficacy and acceptability of 21 antidepressant drugs for the acute treatment of adults with major depressive disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5889788/). Lancet. - Jakobsen JC, Gluud C, Kirsch I. [Should antidepressants be used for major depressive disorder?](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7418603/). BMJ Evid Based Med. - Kamenov K, Twomey C, Cabello M, Prina AM, Ayuso-Mateos JL. (2017). [The efficacy of psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy and their combination on functioning and quality of life in depression: a meta-analysis](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5244449/). Psychol Med. - Nutt D. J. (2008). [The Journal of clinical psychiatry](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18494537/). 69 Suppl E1. - Saha K, Torous J, Kiciman E, De Choudhury M. [Understanding Side Effects of Antidepressants: Large-scale Longitudinal Study on Social Media Data](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8077932/). JMIR Ment Health. - Sheffler ZM, Patel P, Abdijadid S. [Antidepressants](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538182/). NIH.gov. 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Readable Markdown	Antidepressants are prescription medications used by healthcare providers to treat mental health conditions. There are several types of antidepressant medications. This article will detail the types of antidepressants. It will explain how they work and what to expect when taking them. ## What are antidepressants? Healthcare providers use antidepressants to treat major depressive disorder. This disorder is also known as depression. The word “antidepressant” is an umbrella term used to group together several different types of drugs, all used for the same thing. In general, these drugs work by acting on neurotransmitters in the brain. Different classes of antidepressant medications work on the brain in different ways. Antidepressants are usually supplied as oral capsules or tablets (pills). Some may be supplied as a liquid for pediatric patients or patients who cannot swallow pills. Antidepressants alone don't cure major depression. But, doctors frequently prescribe them with therapy and other lifestyle changes. Studies show that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and antidepressant medication have comparable short-term effects. Combining these two treatment options (therapy and medication) produces significantly better results than either option alone. ## What are antidepressants used for? Healthcare providers prescribe antidepressants as one treatment option for major depressive disorder. They may also be used for chronic pain and other mental health conditions such as anxiety. Depression is also known as major depressive disorder. It affects how you think, behave, and feel. Untreated depression can lead to a range of emotional and physical issues. Other mental conditions, such as anxiety disorder and bipolar disorder, can cause depression. Symptoms of depression can make it difficult to carry out day-to-day tasks and maintain personal relationships. The symptoms of depression may vary from person to person. They may appear mild in some, while they can be debilitating in others. Common symptoms of depression include: - Feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or loneliness - Outbursts of anger - Loss of interest or pleasure in activities - Sexual problems/ sexual dysfunction - Sleep problems - Slowed speech - Tiredness or lack of energy - Reduced appetite or weight loss - Weight gain - Impaired thinking - Restlessness and anxiety - Suicidal thoughts Healthcare providers frequently prescribe antidepressants along with other forms of therapy. ## What are the different types of antidepressants, and how do they work? Antidepressants are a family of drugs used to treat depression. The main drug classes of FDA-approved antidepressants are: 1. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs): Serotonin is a natural neurotransmitter produced in the brain that regulates mood. Neurotransmitters send signals between your brain and neurons in the body. Once a signal has been sent, serotonin is absorbed by the brain. SSRI medication blocks the brain's reabsorption (or reuptake) of serotonin. This allows it to stay active in the brain longer, reducing depression symptoms. Doctors often prescribe SSRIs for depression. They work well and have fewer side effects than other antidepressants. SSRIs include: - [Citalopram](https://sesamecare.com/medication/citalopram) (Celexa) - [Escitalopram](https://sesamecare.com/medication/escitalopram) (Lexapro) - [Fluoxetine](https://sesamecare.com/medication/fluoxetine) (Prozac) - [Sertraline](https://sesamecare.com/medication/sertraline) (Zoloft) - [Paroxetine](https://sesamecare.com/medication/paroxetine) (Paxil) 1. Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI): SNRIs block the reabsorption of serotonin and norepinephrine in brain cells. Norepinephrine helps regulate mood. By blocking its absorption, SNRIs help control brain function and behavior and reduce depression symptoms. SNRIs affect norepinephrine, while SSRIs do not. SNRIs include: - [Desvenlafaxine](https://sesamecare.com/medication/desvenlafaxine) (Pristiq) - [Duloxetine DR](https://sesamecare.com/medication/duloxetine-dr) (Cymbalta) - [Venlafaxine](https://sesamecare.com/medication/venlafaxine) (Effexor) - [Venlafaxine ER](https://sesamecare.com/medication/venlafaxine-er) (Effexor ER) 1. Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs): Tricyclic antidepressants work by boosting serotonin levels in your brain. These drugs were among the earliest antidepressants developed. TCAs include: - [Amitriptyline](https://sesamecare.com/medication/amitriptyline) (Endep) - [Nortriptyline](https://sesamecare.com/medication/nortriptyline) (Pamelor) - [Clomipramine](https://sesamecare.com/medication/clomipramine) (Anafranil) - [Doxepin](https://sesamecare.com/medication/doxepin) (Silenor) - Desipramine - Imipramine 1. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs): MAOIs were the first class of antidepressants developed. They block the action of monoamine oxidase in the nervous system. Monoamine oxidase breaks down serotonin. By blocking monoamine oxidase, MAOIs keep mood-regulating neurotransmitters in the brain longer. MAOIs can cause serious side effects and can have life-threatening interactions with other drugs and foods. Doctors only prescribe MAOI drugs when other drugs have failed. MAOIs include: - [Selegline](https://sesamecare.com/medication/selegiline) (Emsam) - Phenelzine (Nardil) - Isocarboxazid (Marplan) - Tranylcypromine 1. Atypical antidepressants: Atypical antidepressants cannot be classified in the groups above. Atypical antidepressants include: - [Bupropion SR](https://sesamecare.com/medication/bupropion-sr) (Wellbutrin SR) - [Bupropion XL](https://sesamecare.com/medication/bupropion-xl) (Wellbutrin XL) - [Trazadone](https://sesamecare.com/medication/trazodone) (Desyrel) - Mirtazapine (Remeron) ## What are the common side effects of antidepressants? Antidepressants may cause varying side effects, depending on the medication and patient. Some patients may experience no adverse reactions at all. Possible side effects caused by antidepressant use include: - Weight gain - Sexual dysfunction - Nausea - Vomiting - Diarrhea - Constipation - Drowsiness - Dry mouth - Blurred vision SSRIs and SNRIs have been shown to cause serotonin syndrome on rare occasions. Serotonin syndrome is a serious medical condition. It is caused by too much serotonin in the body. Common symptoms include of serotonin syndrome include: - Restlessness - Agitation - A rapid heart rate - Heavy sweating - Twitching muscles If you begin to experience these early signs of serotonin syndrome, get medical help right away. If you experience the signs of an allergic reaction, seek medical attention. Symptoms of an allergic reaction to antidepressants include: - Skin rash - Hives - Swelling - Difficulty breathing - Hoarseness Antidepressants have been linked to suicidal thoughts, especially in young people. This reaction usually happens at the beginning of treatment. If you or someone you know starts to have thoughts of self-harm, get medical help right away. You can also use the 9-8-8 for the [Suicide & Crisis Lifeline](https://988lifeline.org/talk-to-someone-now/). Before starting treatment with any antidepressant, talk to your healthcare provider. Tell them about any drugs or supplements you take. Antidepressants can cause harmful drug interactions. This can happen when they are used with other drugs or supplements (like St. John’s wort). You should also tell your provider if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breastfeeding. Do this before starting treatment. ## How do I get antidepressants? You need a prescription from a licensed healthcare provider to get antidepressant medication. There are no FDA-approved antidepressants available over the counter. ### How can Sesame help? If you or a loved one are experiencing the symptoms of depression, book an [online mental health visit](https://sesamecare.com/category/mental-health) with a licensed mental healthcare provider on Sesame. Providers on Sesame can offer treatment options and, when appropriate, prescribe antidepressants. They can also answer any questions or concerns.
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