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Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 22 (from laksa073)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa022.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-3-3-electric-field-strength-2\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-3-3-electric-field-strength-2\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-3-3-electric-field-strength-2","crawl_time":1776002570,"first_indexed_time":1713833993,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"com,senecalearning!\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-3-3-electric-field-strength-2 s443","src_root_hash":"7058997620260706222","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Electric Field Strength 2 | Free Notes & Practice – Physics: AQA A Level","meta_descriptions":["Electric Field Strength 2 revision notes for Physics: AQA A Level. Free concise notes and interactive practice questions. Used by 10m+ students on Seneca."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Work done in an Electric Field\nTwo oppositely charged parallel plates provide a uniform electric field. Uniform fields have field lines that are equally spaced, straight and parallel.\nMoving between charged plates\nThe work done in moving a positively charged particle from the negative plate to the positive plate is:\nW\n=\nF\n×\nd\nW= F \\times d\nWhere F is a constant force acting on the charged particle and d is the separation of the plates.\nDerivation\nThe work done in moving a positively charges particle is also, by definition:\nW\n=\nQ\n×\nΔ\nV\nW = Q \\times \\Delta V\nThese two expressions are equal to each other:\nF\n×\nd\n=\nQ\n×\nΔ\nV\nF\\times d=Q\\times \\Delta V\nDerivation 2\nRearranging this gives:\nF\nQ\n=\nΔ\nV\nd\n\\frac{F}{Q}=\\frac{\\Delta V}{d}\nBecause\nF\nQ\n\\frac{F}{Q}\nis defined as electric field strength, electric field strength between two parallel plates is:\nE\n=\nΔ\nV\nd\nE = \\frac{\\Delta V}{d}","attrs_markdown":"[![Seneca Learning Logo](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/logo.svg)](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes)\n\niGCSE\n\n[iGCSE Biology Revision](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/igcse\/biology)[iGCSE Chemistry Revision](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/igcse\/chemistry)[iGCSE Physics Revision](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/igcse\/physics)[iGCSE Geography Revision](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/igcse\/geography)[iGCSE English Language Revision](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/igcse\/english-language)[iGCSE Computer Science Revision](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/igcse\/computer-science)\n\nIB Diploma\n\n[IB Biology Revision](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/ib-diploma\/biology)[IB Physics Revision](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/ib-diploma\/physics)[IB Chemistry 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Revision](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/gcse\/geography)[GCSE English Language Revision](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/gcse\/english-language)[GCSE Computer Science Revision](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/gcse\/computer-science)\n\nA Level\n\n[A Level Biology Revision](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/biology)[A Level Chemistry Revision](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/chemistry)[A Level Physics Revision](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics)[A Level Psychology Revision](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/psychology)[A Level Business Revision](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/business)[A Level Sociology Revision](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/sociology)[A Level Political Studies Revision](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/political-studies)\n\nKS3\n\n[KS3 Science Revision](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/ks3\/science)[KS3 Maths Revision](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/ks3\/maths)[KS3 Geography Revision](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/ks3\/geography)[KS3 History Revision](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/ks3\/history)\n\n- iGCSE\n- IB Diploma\n- International A Level\n- GCSE\n- A Level\n- KS3\n\n[Sign up](https:\/\/app.senecalearning.com\/courses\/sign-up)\n\n[A Level](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes)\n\n[Physics](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level)\n\n[AQA](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics)\n\n[7\\.3.3](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa)\n\n7\\.3.3\n\n# Electric Field Strength 2\n\n[Test yourself on Electric Field Strength 2](https:\/\/app.senecalearning.com\/classroom\/course\/890da800-6a58-11e8-973c-cb81832c8407\/section\/34428716-7d22-4d5a-8bb9-d90dd96218f0\/session)\n\nTest your knowledge with free interactive questions on Seneca — used by over 10 million students.\n\n## [A Uniform Electric Field](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-3-3-electric-field-strength-2#a-uniform-electric-field)\nA uniform field is one which has the same strength at every point in the field.\n\n![Uniform field ](https:\/\/image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com\/2018-09\/f06bc625-b904-4215-96be-87c0b2c0ee36\/parallel-plate-equipotential,h_400,q_80,w_640.png)![](https:\/\/image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com\/2018-09\/f06bc625-b904-4215-96be-87c0b2c0ee36\/parallel-plate-equipotential,h_400,q_80,w_640.png)\n\n### [Uniform field](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-3-3-electric-field-strength-2#a-uniform-electric-field-uniform-field)\n- A uniform field has the same strength everywhere, it can be made from parallel charged plates.\n- If two charged plates are held a distance apart the field between them will be uniform\n  - The field lines will travel straight from the positive plate into the negative plate.\n\n![Calculating the field ](https:\/\/image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com\/courseImages\/physics\/1.4.2%20Equilibrium\/calculator-983900_640-min,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)![](https:\/\/image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com\/courseImages\/physics\/1.4.2%20Equilibrium\/calculator-983900_640-min,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)\n\n### [Calculating the field](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-3-3-electric-field-strength-2#a-uniform-electric-field-calculating-the-field)\n- If two plates are held apart with different charges they will have a voltage difference between them. The equation for the field strength is:\n  - Field strength = voltage drop ÷ distance between the plates\n  - E\n    \n    \\=\n    \n    V\n    \n    \/\n    \n    d\n    \n    E=V\/d\n    \n    E\\=V\/d\n\n## [Work done in an Electric Field](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-3-3-electric-field-strength-2#work-done-in-an-electric-field)\nTwo oppositely charged parallel plates provide a uniform electric field. Uniform fields have field lines that are equally spaced, straight and parallel.\n\n![Moving between charged plates](https:\/\/image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com\/2018-08\/2bfe98ab-e156-4d2c-9226-f6068384625a\/Positive%20and%20negative%20plates,h_400,q_80,w_640.png)![](https:\/\/image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com\/2018-08\/2bfe98ab-e156-4d2c-9226-f6068384625a\/Positive%20and%20negative%20plates,h_400,q_80,w_640.png)\n\n### [Moving between charged plates](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-3-3-electric-field-strength-2#work-done-in-an-electric-field-moving-between-charged-plates)\n- The work done in moving a positively charged particle from the negative plate to the positive plate is:\n  - W\n    \n    \\=\n    \n    F\n    \n    ×\n    \n    d\n    \n    W= F \\\\times d\n    \n    W\\=F×d\n- Where F is a constant force acting on the charged particle and d is the separation of the plates.\n\n![Derivation](https:\/\/image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com\/2018-08\/675f0329-7aac-41bd-86ee-7a3f43f11684\/Positive%20and%20negative%20plates,h_400,q_80,w_640.png)![](https:\/\/image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com\/2018-08\/675f0329-7aac-41bd-86ee-7a3f43f11684\/Positive%20and%20negative%20plates,h_400,q_80,w_640.png)\n\n### [Derivation](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-3-3-electric-field-strength-2#work-done-in-an-electric-field-derivation)\n- The work done in moving a positively charges particle is also, by definition:\n  - W\n    \n    \\=\n    \n    Q\n    \n    ×\n    \n    Δ\n    \n    V\n    \n    W = Q \\\\times \\\\Delta V\n    \n    W\\=Q×ΔV\n- These two expressions are equal to each other:\n  - F\n    \n    ×\n    \n    d\n    \n    \\=\n    \n    Q\n    \n    ×\n    \n    Δ\n    \n    V\n    \n    F\\\\times d=Q\\\\times \\\\Delta V\n    \n    F×d\\=Q×ΔV\n\n![Derivation 2](https:\/\/image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com\/2018-08\/e3c70aad-b1bb-4789-b23a-156663d2499a\/Positive%20and%20negative%20plates,h_400,q_80,w_640.png)![](https:\/\/image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com\/2018-08\/e3c70aad-b1bb-4789-b23a-156663d2499a\/Positive%20and%20negative%20plates,h_400,q_80,w_640.png)\n\n### [Derivation 2](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-3-3-electric-field-strength-2#work-done-in-an-electric-field-derivation-2)\n- Rearranging this gives:\n  - F\n    \n    Q\n    \n    \\=\n    \n    Δ\n    \n    V\n    \n    d\n    \n    \\\\frac{F}{Q}=\\\\frac{\\\\Delta V}{d}\n    \n    QF\\=dΔV\n- Because\n  F\n  \n  Q\n  \n  \\\\frac{F}{Q}\n  \n  QF\n  is defined as electric field strength, electric field strength between two parallel plates is:\n  - E\n    \n    \\=\n    \n    Δ\n    \n    V\n    \n    d\n    \n    E = \\\\frac{\\\\Delta V}{d}\n    \n    E\\=dΔV\n\n1\n\n## Measurements & Errors\n\n1\\.1\n\n### Measurements & Errors\n\n[1\\.1.1SI Base Units](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/1-1-1-si-base-units)\n\n[1\\.1.2Combining SI Units](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/1-1-2-combining-si-units)\n\n[1\\.1.3Prefixes of Units](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/1-1-3-prefixes-of-units)\n\n[1\\.1.4Standard Form](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/1-1-4-standard-form)\n\n[1\\.1.5Converting Units](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/1-1-5-converting-units)\n\n[1\\.1.6End of Topic Test - Units & Prefixes](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/1-1-6-end-of-topic-test-units-and-prefixes)\n\n[1\\.1.7Limitation of Physical Measurements](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/1-1-7-limitation-of-physical-measurements)\n\n[1\\.1.8Uncertainty](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/1-1-8-uncertainty)\n\n[1\\.1.9Estimation](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/1-1-9-estimation)\n\n[1\\.1.10End of Topic Test - Measurements & Errors](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/1-1-10-end-of-topic-test-measurements-and-errors)\n\n[1\\.1.11Diagnostic Misconceptions - Converting between SI](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/1-1-11-diagnostic-misconceptions-converting-between-si)\n\n[1\\.1.12Diagnostic Misconceptions - SI & Area\/Volume](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/1-1-12-diagnostic-misconceptions-si-and-areavolume)\n\n2\n\n## Particles & Radiation\n\n2\\.1\n\n### Particles\n\n[2\\.1.1Atomic Model](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/2-1-1-atomic-model)\n\n[2\\.1.2Specific Charge, Protons & Neutron Numbers](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/2-1-2-specific-charge-protons-and-neutron-numbers)\n\n[2\\.1.3End of Topic Test - Atomic Model](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/2-1-3-end-of-topic-test-atomic-model)\n\n[2\\.1.4Isotopes](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/2-1-4-isotopes)\n\n[2\\.1.5Stable & Unstable Nuclei](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/2-1-5-stable-and-unstable-nuclei)\n\n[2\\.1.6End of Topic Test - Isotopes & Nuclei](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/2-1-6-end-of-topic-test-isotopes-and-nuclei)\n\n[2\\.1.7A-A\\* (AO3\/4) - Stable & Unstable Nuclei](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/2-1-7-a-a-ao34-stable-and-unstable-nuclei)\n\n[2\\.1.8Particles, Antiparticles & Photons](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/2-1-8-particles-antiparticles-and-photons)\n\n[2\\.1.9Particle Interactions](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/2-1-9-particle-interactions)\n\n[2\\.1.10Classification of Particles](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/2-1-10-classification-of-particles)\n\n[2\\.1.11End of Topic Test - Particles & Interactions](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/2-1-11-end-of-topic-test-particles-and-interactions)\n\n[2\\.1.12Quarks & Antiquarks](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/2-1-12-quarks-and-antiquarks)\n\n[2\\.1.13Application of Conservation Laws](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/2-1-13-application-of-conservation-laws)\n\n[2\\.1.14End of Topic Test - Leptons & Quarks](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/2-1-14-end-of-topic-test-leptons-and-quarks)\n\n[2\\.1.15Exam-Style Question - Radioactive Decay](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/2-1-15-exam-style-question-radioactive-decay)\n\n2\\.2\n\n### Electromagnetic Radiation & Quantum Phenomena\n\n[2\\.2.1The Photoelectric Effect](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/2-2-1-the-photoelectric-effect)\n\n[2\\.2.2The Photoelectric Effect Explanation](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/2-2-2-the-photoelectric-effect-explanation)\n\n[2\\.2.3End of Topic Test - The Photoelectric Effect](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/2-2-3-end-of-topic-test-the-photoelectric-effect)\n\n[2\\.2.4Collisions of Electrons with Atoms](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/2-2-4-collisions-of-electrons-with-atoms)\n\n[2\\.2.5Energy Levels & Photon Emission](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/2-2-5-energy-levels-and-photon-emission)\n\n[2\\.2.6Wave-Particle Duality](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/2-2-6-wave-particle-duality)\n\n[2\\.2.7End of Topic Test - Absorption & Emission](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/2-2-7-end-of-topic-test-absorption-and-emission)\n\n[2\\.2.8Diagnostic Misconceptions - Electron Volts](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/2-2-8-diagnostic-misconceptions-electron-volts)\n\n[2\\.2.9Diagnostic Misconceptions - Converting eV & Joules](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/2-2-9-diagnostic-misconceptions-converting-ev-and-joules)\n\n3\n\n## Waves\n\n3\\.1\n\n### Progressive & Stationary Waves\n\n[3\\.1.1Progressive Waves](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/3-1-1-progressive-waves)\n\n[3\\.1.2Wave Speed & Phase Difference](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/3-1-2-wave-speed-and-phase-difference)\n\n[3\\.1.3Longitudinal & Transverse Waves](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/3-1-3-longitudinal-and-transverse-waves)\n\n[3\\.1.4End of Topic Test - Progressive Waves](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/3-1-4-end-of-topic-test-progressive-waves)\n\n[3\\.1.5Polarisation](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/3-1-5-polarisation)\n\n[3\\.1.6Stationary Waves](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/3-1-6-stationary-waves)\n\n[3\\.1.7Stationary Waves 2](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/3-1-7-stationary-waves-2)\n\n[3\\.1.8End of Topic Test - Polarisation & Stationary Wave](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/3-1-8-end-of-topic-test-polarisation-and-stationary-wave)\n\n[3\\.1.9A-A\\* (AO3\/4) - Stationary Waves](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/3-1-9-a-a-ao34-stationary-waves)\n\n3\\.2\n\n### Refraction, Diffraction & Interference\n\n[3\\.2.1Interference](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/3-2-1-interference)\n\n[3\\.2.2Interference 2](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/3-2-2-interference-2)\n\n[3\\.2.3End of Topic Test - Interference](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/3-2-3-end-of-topic-test-interference)\n\n[3\\.2.4Diffraction](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/3-2-4-diffraction)\n\n[3\\.2.5Diffraction Gratings](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/3-2-5-diffraction-gratings)\n\n[3\\.2.6End of Topic Test - Diffraction](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/3-2-6-end-of-topic-test-diffraction)\n\n[3\\.2.7Refraction at a Plane Surface](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/3-2-7-refraction-at-a-plane-surface)\n\n[3\\.2.8Internal Reflection & Fibre Optics](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/3-2-8-internal-reflection-and-fibre-optics)\n\n[3\\.2.9End of Topic Test - Refraction](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/3-2-9-end-of-topic-test-refraction)\n\n[3\\.2.10Exam-Style Question - Waves](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/3-2-10-exam-style-question-waves)\n\n4\n\n## Mechanics & Materials\n\n4\\.1\n\n### Force, Energy & Momentum\n\n[4\\.1.1Scalars & Vectors](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-1-scalars-and-vectors)\n\n[4\\.1.2Vector Problems](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-2-vector-problems)\n\n[4\\.1.3End of Topic Test - Scalars & Vectors](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-3-end-of-topic-test-scalars-and-vectors)\n\n[4\\.1.4Moments](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-4-moments)\n\n[4\\.1.5Centre of Mass](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-5-centre-of-mass)\n\n[4\\.1.6End of Topic Test - Moments & Centre of Mass](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-6-end-of-topic-test-moments-and-centre-of-mass)\n\n[4\\.1.7Motion in a Straight Line](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-7-motion-in-a-straight-line)\n\n[4\\.1.8Graphs of Motion](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-8-graphs-of-motion)\n\n[4\\.1.9Bouncing Ball Example](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-9-bouncing-ball-example)\n\n[4\\.1.10End of Topic Test - Motion in a Straight Line](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-10-end-of-topic-test-motion-in-a-straight-line)\n\n[4\\.1.11Acceleration Due to Gravity](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-11-acceleration-due-to-gravity)\n\n[4\\.1.12Projectile Motion](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-12-projectile-motion)\n\n[4\\.1.13Friction](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-13-friction)\n\n[4\\.1.14Terminal Speed](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-14-terminal-speed)\n\n[4\\.1.15End of Topic Test - Acceleration Due to Gravity](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-15-end-of-topic-test-acceleration-due-to-gravity)\n\n[4\\.1.16Newton's Laws](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-16-newtons-laws)\n\n[4\\.1.17Momentum](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-17-momentum)\n\n[4\\.1.18Momentum 2](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-18-momentum-2)\n\n[4\\.1.19End of Topic Test - Newton's Laws & Momentum](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-19-end-of-topic-test-newtons-laws-and-momentum)\n\n[4\\.1.20A-A\\* (AO3\/4) - Newton's Third Law](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-20-a-a-ao34-newtons-third-law)\n\n[4\\.1.21Work & Energy](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-21-work-and-energy)\n\n[4\\.1.22Power & Efficiency](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-22-power-and-efficiency)\n\n[4\\.1.23Conservation of Energy](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-23-conservation-of-energy)\n\n[4\\.1.24End of Topic Test - Work, Energy & Power](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-24-end-of-topic-test-work-energy-and-power)\n\n[4\\.1.25Exam-Style Question - Forces](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-25-exam-style-question-forces)\n\n[4\\.1.26Diagnostic Misconceptions - Perpendicular Vectors](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-26-diagnostic-misconceptions-perpendicular-vectors)\n\n[4\\.1.27Diagnostic Misconceptions - Weight Acts Downwards](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-27-diagnostic-misconceptions-weight-acts-downwards)\n\n[4\\.1.28Diagnostic Misconceptions - Acceleration Direction](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-28-diagnostic-misconceptions-acceleration-direction)\n\n[4\\.1.29Diagnostic Misconceptions - Stationary Objects](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-29-diagnostic-misconceptions-stationary-objects)\n\n[4\\.1.30Diagnostic Misconceptions - Action & Reaction](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-30-diagnostic-misconceptions-action-and-reaction)\n\n[4\\.1.31Diagnostic Misconceptions - RF Direction](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-31-diagnostic-misconceptions-rf-direction)\n\n[4\\.1.32Diagnostic Misconceptions - RF Acceleration](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-32-diagnostic-misconceptions-rf-acceleration)\n\n[4\\.1.33Diagnostic Misconceptions - Change in Momentum](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-33-diagnostic-misconceptions-change-in-momentum)\n\n4\\.2\n\n### Materials\n\n[4\\.2.1Density](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-2-1-density)\n\n[4\\.2.2Bulk Properties of Solids](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-2-2-bulk-properties-of-solids)\n\n[4\\.2.3Energy in Materials](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-2-3-energy-in-materials)\n\n[4\\.2.4Young Modulus](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-2-4-young-modulus)\n\n[4\\.2.5End of Topic Test - Materials](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-2-5-end-of-topic-test-materials)\n\n5\n\n## Electricity\n\n5\\.1\n\n### Current Electricity\n\n[5\\.1.1Basics of Electricity](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/5-1-1-basics-of-electricity)\n\n[5\\.1.2Current-Voltage Characteristics](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/5-1-2-current-voltage-characteristics)\n\n[5\\.1.3End of Topic Test - Basics of Electricity](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/5-1-3-end-of-topic-test-basics-of-electricity)\n\n[5\\.1.4Resistivity](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/5-1-4-resistivity)\n\n[5\\.1.5Superconductivity](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/5-1-5-superconductivity)\n\n[5\\.1.6A-A\\* (AO3\/4) - Superconductivity](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/5-1-6-a-a-ao34-superconductivity)\n\n[5\\.1.7End of Topic Test - Resistivity & Superconductors](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/5-1-7-end-of-topic-test-resistivity-and-superconductors)\n\n[5\\.1.8Circuits](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/5-1-8-circuits)\n\n[5\\.1.9Power and Conservation](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/5-1-9-power-and-conservation)\n\n[5\\.1.10Potential Divider](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/5-1-10-potential-divider)\n\n[5\\.1.11Emf & Internal Resistance](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/5-1-11-emf-and-internal-resistance)\n\n[5\\.1.12End of Topic Test - Power & Potential](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/5-1-12-end-of-topic-test-power-and-potential)\n\n[5\\.1.13Exam-Style Question - Resistance](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/5-1-13-exam-style-question-resistance)\n\n[5\\.1.14Diagnostic Misconceptions - Constant Current](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/5-1-14-diagnostic-misconceptions-constant-current)\n\n[5\\.1.15Diagnostic Misconceptions - Potential Difference](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/5-1-15-diagnostic-misconceptions-potential-difference)\n\n6\n\n## Further Mechanics & Thermal Physics (A2 only)\n\n6\\.1\n\n### Periodic Motion (A2 only)\n\n[6\\.1.1Circular Motion](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/6-1-1-circular-motion)\n\n[6\\.1.2Circular Motion 2](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/6-1-2-circular-motion-2)\n\n[6\\.1.3End of Topic Test - Circular Motion](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/6-1-3-end-of-topic-test-circular-motion)\n\n[6\\.1.4Simple Harmonic Motion](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/6-1-4-simple-harmonic-motion)\n\n[6\\.1.5Simple Harmonic Systems](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/6-1-5-simple-harmonic-systems)\n\n[6\\.1.6Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/6-1-6-energy-in-simple-harmonic-motion)\n\n[6\\.1.7Resonance](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/6-1-7-resonance)\n\n[6\\.1.8End of Topic Test - Simple Harmonic Motion](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/6-1-8-end-of-topic-test-simple-harmonic-motion)\n\n[6\\.1.9A-A\\* (AO3\/4) - Simple Harmonic Motion](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/6-1-9-a-a-ao34-simple-harmonic-motion)\n\n6\\.2\n\n### Thermal Physics (A2 only)\n\n[6\\.2.1Thermal Energy Transfer](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/6-2-1-thermal-energy-transfer)\n\n[6\\.2.2Thermal Energy Transfer Experiments](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/6-2-2-thermal-energy-transfer-experiments)\n\n[6\\.2.3Ideal Gases](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/6-2-3-ideal-gases)\n\n[6\\.2.4Ideal Gases 2](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/6-2-4-ideal-gases-2)\n\n[6\\.2.5Boyle's Law & Charles' Law](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/6-2-5-boyles-law-and-charles-law)\n\n[6\\.2.6Molecular Kinetic Theory Model](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/6-2-6-molecular-kinetic-theory-model)\n\n[6\\.2.7Molecular Kinetic Theory Model 2](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/6-2-7-molecular-kinetic-theory-model-2)\n\n[6\\.2.8End of Topic Test - Thermal Energy & Ideal Gases](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/6-2-8-end-of-topic-test-thermal-energy-and-ideal-gases)\n\n[6\\.2.9Exam-Style Question - Ideal Gases](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/6-2-9-exam-style-question-ideal-gases)\n\n[6\\.2.10Diagnostic Misconceptions - Material & Mass](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/6-2-10-diagnostic-misconceptions-material-and-mass)\n\n[6\\.2.11Diagnostic Misconceptions - No Energy](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/6-2-11-diagnostic-misconceptions-no-energy)\n\n7\n\n## Fields & Their Consequences (A2 only)\n\n7\\.1\n\n### Fields (A2 only)\n\n[7\\.1.1Fields](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-1-1-fields)\n\n7\\.2\n\n### Gravitational Fields (A2 only)\n\n[7\\.2.1Newton's Law](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-2-1-newtons-law)\n\n[7\\.2.2Gravitational Field Strength](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-2-2-gravitational-field-strength)\n\n[7\\.2.3Gravitational Potential](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-2-3-gravitational-potential)\n\n[7\\.2.4Orbits of Planets & Satellites](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-2-4-orbits-of-planets-and-satellites)\n\n[7\\.2.5Escape Velocity & Synchronous Orbits](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-2-5-escape-velocity-and-synchronous-orbits)\n\n[7\\.2.6End of Topic Test - Gravitational Fields](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-2-6-end-of-topic-test-gravitational-fields)\n\n7\\.3\n\n### Electric Fields (A2 only)\n\n[7\\.3.1Coulomb's Law](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-3-1-coulombs-law)\n\n[7\\.3.2Electric Field Strength](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-3-2-electric-field-strength)\n\n[7\\.3.3Electric Field Strength 2](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-3-3-electric-field-strength-2)\n\n[7\\.3.4Electric Potential](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-3-4-electric-potential)\n\n[7\\.3.5End of Topic Test - Electric Fields](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-3-5-end-of-topic-test-electric-fields)\n\n[7\\.3.6A-A\\* (AO3\/4) - Electric and Gravitational Field](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-3-6-a-a-ao34-electric-and-gravitational-field)\n\n7\\.4\n\n### Capacitance (A2 only)\n\n[7\\.4.1Capacitance](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-4-1-capacitance)\n\n[7\\.4.2Parallel Plate Capacitor](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-4-2-parallel-plate-capacitor)\n\n[7\\.4.3Energy Stored by a Capacitor](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-4-3-energy-stored-by-a-capacitor)\n\n[7\\.4.4Capacitor Discharge](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-4-4-capacitor-discharge)\n\n[7\\.4.5Capacitor Charge](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-4-5-capacitor-charge)\n\n7\\.5\n\n### Magnetic Fields (A2 only)\n\n[7\\.5.1Magnetic Flux Density](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-5-1-magnetic-flux-density)\n\n[7\\.5.2End of Topic Test - Capacitance & Flux Density](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-5-2-end-of-topic-test-capacitance-and-flux-density)\n\n[7\\.5.3Moving Charges in a Magnetic Field](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-5-3-moving-charges-in-a-magnetic-field)\n\n[7\\.5.4Magnetic Flux & Flux Linkage](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-5-4-magnetic-flux-and-flux-linkage)\n\n[7\\.5.5Electromagnetic Induction](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-5-5-electromagnetic-induction)\n\n[7\\.5.6Electromagnetic Induction 2](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-5-6-electromagnetic-induction-2)\n\n[7\\.5.7Alternating Currents](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-5-7-alternating-currents)\n\n[7\\.5.8Operation of a Transformer](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-5-8-operation-of-a-transformer)\n\n[7\\.5.9Magnetic Flux Density](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-5-9-magnetic-flux-density)\n\n[7\\.5.10End of Topic Test - Electromagnetic Induction](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-5-10-end-of-topic-test-electromagnetic-induction)\n\n8\n\n## Nuclear Physics (A2 only)\n\n8\\.1\n\n### Radioactivity (A2 only)\n\n[8\\.1.1Rutherford Scattering](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/8-1-1-rutherford-scattering)\n\n[8\\.1.2Alpha & Beta Radiation](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/8-1-2-alpha-and-beta-radiation)\n\n[8\\.1.3Gamma Radiation](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/8-1-3-gamma-radiation)\n\n[8\\.1.4Radioactive Decay](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/8-1-4-radioactive-decay)\n\n[8\\.1.5Half Life](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/8-1-5-half-life)\n\n[8\\.1.6End of Topic Test - Radioactivity](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/8-1-6-end-of-topic-test-radioactivity)\n\n[8\\.1.7Nuclear Instability](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/8-1-7-nuclear-instability)\n\n[8\\.1.8Nuclear Radius](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/8-1-8-nuclear-radius)\n\n[8\\.1.9Mass & Energy](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/8-1-9-mass-and-energy)\n\n[8\\.1.10Binding Energy](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/8-1-10-binding-energy)\n\n[8\\.1.11Induced Fission](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/8-1-11-induced-fission)\n\n[8\\.1.12Safety Aspects of Nuclear Reactors](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/8-1-12-safety-aspects-of-nuclear-reactors)\n\n[8\\.1.13End of Topic Test - Nuclear Physics](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/8-1-13-end-of-topic-test-nuclear-physics)\n\n[8\\.1.14A-A\\* (AO3\/4) - Nuclear Fusion](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/8-1-14-a-a-ao34-nuclear-fusion)\n\n9\n\n## Option: Astrophysics (A2 only)\n\n9\\.1\n\n### Telescopes (A2 only)\n\n[9\\.1.1Astronomical Telescopes](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/9-1-1-astronomical-telescopes)\n\n[9\\.1.2Reflecting Telescopes](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/9-1-2-reflecting-telescopes)\n\n[9\\.1.3Single Dish Radio Telescopes](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/9-1-3-single-dish-radio-telescopes)\n\n[9\\.1.4Large Diameter Telescopes](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/9-1-4-large-diameter-telescopes)\n\n9\\.2\n\n### Classification of Stars (A2 only)\n\n[9\\.2.1Classification by Luminosity](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/9-2-1-classification-by-luminosity)\n\n[9\\.2.2Absolute Magnitude](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/9-2-2-absolute-magnitude)\n\n[9\\.2.3Black Body Radiation](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/9-2-3-black-body-radiation)\n\n[9\\.2.4Stellar Spectral Classes](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/9-2-4-stellar-spectral-classes)\n\n[9\\.2.5Hertzsprung-Russell Diagrams](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/9-2-5-hertzsprung-russell-diagrams)\n\n[9\\.2.6Astronomical Objects](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/9-2-6-astronomical-objects)\n\n9\\.3\n\n### Cosmology (A2 only)\n\n[9\\.3.1Doppler Effect](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/9-3-1-doppler-effect)\n\n[9\\.3.2Hubble's Law](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/9-3-2-hubbles-law)\n\n[9\\.3.3Quasars](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/9-3-3-quasars)\n\n[9\\.3.4Detecting Exoplanets](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/9-3-4-detecting-exoplanets)\n\n10\n\n## Option: Medical Physics (A2 only)\n\n10\\.1\n\n### Physics of the Eye (A2 only)\n\n[10\\.1.1Physics of Vision](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/10-1-1-physics-of-vision)\n\n[10\\.1.2Defects of Vision](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/10-1-2-defects-of-vision)\n\n[10\\.1.3Lenses](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/10-1-3-lenses)\n\n[10\\.1.4Correcting Defects of Vision](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/10-1-4-correcting-defects-of-vision)\n\n10\\.2\n\n### Physics of the Ear (A2 only)\n\n[10\\.2.1Structure of the Ear](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/10-2-1-structure-of-the-ear)\n\n[10\\.2.2Sensitivity of the Ear](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/10-2-2-sensitivity-of-the-ear)\n\n[10\\.2.3Hearing Defects](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/10-2-3-hearing-defects)\n\n10\\.3\n\n### Biological Measurement (A2 only)\n\n[10\\.3.1Electrocardiography (ECG)](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/10-3-1-electrocardiography-ecg)\n\n10\\.4\n\n### Non-Ionising Imaging (A2 only)\n\n[10\\.4.1Ultrasound Imaging](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/10-4-1-ultrasound-imaging)\n\n[10\\.4.2Ultrasound Imaging 2](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/10-4-2-ultrasound-imaging-2)\n\n[10\\.4.3Fibre Optics & Endoscopy](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/10-4-3-fibre-optics-and-endoscopy)\n\n[10\\.4.4Magnetic Resonance Scanning](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/10-4-4-magnetic-resonance-scanning)\n\n10\\.5\n\n### X-Ray Imaging (A2 only)\n\n[10\\.5.1Diagnostic X-Rays](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/10-5-1-diagnostic-x-rays)\n\n[10\\.5.2X-Ray Image Processing](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/10-5-2-x-ray-image-processing)\n\n[10\\.5.3Absorption of X-Rays](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/10-5-3-absorption-of-x-rays)\n\n[10\\.5.4CT Scanners](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/10-5-4-ct-scanners)\n\n10\\.6\n\n### Radionuclide Imaging & Therapy (A2 only)\n\n[10\\.6.1Imaging Techniques](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/10-6-1-imaging-techniques)\n\n[10\\.6.2Half Life](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/10-6-2-half-life)\n\n[10\\.6.3Gamma Camera](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/10-6-3-gamma-camera)\n\n[10\\.6.4High Energy X-Rays](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/10-6-4-high-energy-x-rays)\n\n[10\\.6.5Radioactive Implants](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/10-6-5-radioactive-implants)\n\n[10\\.6.6Imaging Comparisons](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/10-6-6-imaging-comparisons)\n\n11\n\n## Option: Engineering Physics (A2 only)\n\n11\\.1\n\n### Rotational Dynamics (A2 only)\n\n[11\\.1.1Moment of Inertia](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/11-1-1-moment-of-inertia)\n\n[11\\.1.2Rotational Kinetic Energy](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/11-1-2-rotational-kinetic-energy)\n\n[11\\.1.3Rotational Motion](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/11-1-3-rotational-motion)\n\n[11\\.1.4Torque & Angular Acceleration](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/11-1-4-torque-and-angular-acceleration)\n\n[11\\.1.5Angular Momentum](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/11-1-5-angular-momentum)\n\n[11\\.1.6Angular Work & Power](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/11-1-6-angular-work-and-power)\n\n11\\.2\n\n### Thermodynamics & Engines (A2 only)\n\n[11\\.2.1First Law of Thermodynamics](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/11-2-1-first-law-of-thermodynamics)\n\n[11\\.2.2Non-Flow Processes](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/11-2-2-non-flow-processes)\n\n[11\\.2.3p-V Diagrams](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/11-2-3-p-v-diagrams)\n\n[11\\.2.4Engine Cycles](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/11-2-4-engine-cycles)\n\n[11\\.2.5Second Law & Engines](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/11-2-5-second-law-and-engines)\n\n[11\\.2.6Reversed Heat Engines](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/11-2-6-reversed-heat-engines)\n\n12\n\n## Option: Turning Points in Physics (A2 only)\n\n12\\.1\n\n### Discovery of the Electron (A2 only)\n\n[12\\.1.1Cathode Rays](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/12-1-1-cathode-rays)\n\n[12\\.1.2Thermionic Electron Emission](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/12-1-2-thermionic-electron-emission)\n\n[12\\.1.3Electron Specific Charge](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/12-1-3-electron-specific-charge)\n\n[12\\.1.4Millikan's Experiment](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/12-1-4-millikans-experiment)\n\n12\\.2\n\n### Wave-Particle Duality (A2 only)\n\n[12\\.2.1Newton's & Huygen's Theories of Light](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/12-2-1-newtons-and-huygens-theories-of-light)\n\n[12\\.2.2Electromagnetic Waves](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/12-2-2-electromagnetic-waves)\n\n[12\\.2.3Photoelectricity](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/12-2-3-photoelectricity)\n\n[12\\.2.4Wave-Particle Duality](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/12-2-4-wave-particle-duality)\n\n[12\\.2.5Electron Microscopes](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/12-2-5-electron-microscopes)\n\n12\\.3\n\n### Special Relativity (A2 only)\n\n[12\\.3.1Michelson-Morley Experiment](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/12-3-1-michelson-morley-experiment)\n\n[12\\.3.2Einstein's Theory of Special Relativity](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/12-3-2-einsteins-theory-of-special-relativity)\n\n[12\\.3.3Time Dilation](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/12-3-3-time-dilation)\n\n[12\\.3.4Length Contraction](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/12-3-4-length-contraction)\n\n[12\\.3.5Mass & Energy](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/12-3-5-mass-and-energy)\n\nJump to other topics\n\n1\n\n## Measurements & Errors\n\n1\\.1\n\n### Measurements & Errors\n\n[1\\.1.1SI Base Units](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/1-1-1-si-base-units)\n\n[1\\.1.2Combining SI Units](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/1-1-2-combining-si-units)\n\n[1\\.1.3Prefixes of Units](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/1-1-3-prefixes-of-units)\n\n[1\\.1.4Standard Form](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/1-1-4-standard-form)\n\n[1\\.1.5Converting Units](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/1-1-5-converting-units)\n\n[1\\.1.6End of Topic Test - Units & Prefixes](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/1-1-6-end-of-topic-test-units-and-prefixes)\n\n[1\\.1.7Limitation of Physical Measurements](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/1-1-7-limitation-of-physical-measurements)\n\n[1\\.1.8Uncertainty](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/1-1-8-uncertainty)\n\n[1\\.1.9Estimation](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/1-1-9-estimation)\n\n[1\\.1.10End of Topic Test - Measurements & Errors](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/1-1-10-end-of-topic-test-measurements-and-errors)\n\n[1\\.1.11Diagnostic Misconceptions - Converting between SI](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/1-1-11-diagnostic-misconceptions-converting-between-si)\n\n[1\\.1.12Diagnostic Misconceptions - SI & Area\/Volume](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/1-1-12-diagnostic-misconceptions-si-and-areavolume)\n\n2\n\n## Particles & Radiation\n\n2\\.1\n\n### Particles\n\n[2\\.1.1Atomic Model](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/2-1-1-atomic-model)\n\n[2\\.1.2Specific Charge, Protons & Neutron Numbers](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/2-1-2-specific-charge-protons-and-neutron-numbers)\n\n[2\\.1.3End of Topic Test - Atomic Model](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/2-1-3-end-of-topic-test-atomic-model)\n\n[2\\.1.4Isotopes](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/2-1-4-isotopes)\n\n[2\\.1.5Stable & Unstable Nuclei](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/2-1-5-stable-and-unstable-nuclei)\n\n[2\\.1.6End of Topic Test - Isotopes & Nuclei](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/2-1-6-end-of-topic-test-isotopes-and-nuclei)\n\n[2\\.1.7A-A\\* (AO3\/4) - Stable & Unstable Nuclei](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/2-1-7-a-a-ao34-stable-and-unstable-nuclei)\n\n[2\\.1.8Particles, Antiparticles & Photons](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/2-1-8-particles-antiparticles-and-photons)\n\n[2\\.1.9Particle Interactions](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/2-1-9-particle-interactions)\n\n[2\\.1.10Classification of Particles](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/2-1-10-classification-of-particles)\n\n[2\\.1.11End of Topic Test - Particles & Interactions](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/2-1-11-end-of-topic-test-particles-and-interactions)\n\n[2\\.1.12Quarks & Antiquarks](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/2-1-12-quarks-and-antiquarks)\n\n[2\\.1.13Application of Conservation Laws](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/2-1-13-application-of-conservation-laws)\n\n[2\\.1.14End of Topic Test - Leptons & Quarks](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/2-1-14-end-of-topic-test-leptons-and-quarks)\n\n[2\\.1.15Exam-Style Question - Radioactive Decay](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/2-1-15-exam-style-question-radioactive-decay)\n\n2\\.2\n\n### Electromagnetic Radiation & Quantum Phenomena\n\n[2\\.2.1The Photoelectric Effect](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/2-2-1-the-photoelectric-effect)\n\n[2\\.2.2The Photoelectric Effect Explanation](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/2-2-2-the-photoelectric-effect-explanation)\n\n[2\\.2.3End of Topic Test - The Photoelectric Effect](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/2-2-3-end-of-topic-test-the-photoelectric-effect)\n\n[2\\.2.4Collisions of Electrons with Atoms](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/2-2-4-collisions-of-electrons-with-atoms)\n\n[2\\.2.5Energy Levels & Photon Emission](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/2-2-5-energy-levels-and-photon-emission)\n\n[2\\.2.6Wave-Particle Duality](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/2-2-6-wave-particle-duality)\n\n[2\\.2.7End of Topic Test - Absorption & Emission](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/2-2-7-end-of-topic-test-absorption-and-emission)\n\n[2\\.2.8Diagnostic Misconceptions - Electron Volts](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/2-2-8-diagnostic-misconceptions-electron-volts)\n\n[2\\.2.9Diagnostic Misconceptions - Converting eV & Joules](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/2-2-9-diagnostic-misconceptions-converting-ev-and-joules)\n\n3\n\n## Waves\n\n3\\.1\n\n### Progressive & Stationary Waves\n\n[3\\.1.1Progressive Waves](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/3-1-1-progressive-waves)\n\n[3\\.1.2Wave Speed & Phase Difference](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/3-1-2-wave-speed-and-phase-difference)\n\n[3\\.1.3Longitudinal & Transverse Waves](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/3-1-3-longitudinal-and-transverse-waves)\n\n[3\\.1.4End of Topic Test - Progressive Waves](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/3-1-4-end-of-topic-test-progressive-waves)\n\n[3\\.1.5Polarisation](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/3-1-5-polarisation)\n\n[3\\.1.6Stationary Waves](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/3-1-6-stationary-waves)\n\n[3\\.1.7Stationary Waves 2](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/3-1-7-stationary-waves-2)\n\n[3\\.1.8End of Topic Test - Polarisation & Stationary Wave](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/3-1-8-end-of-topic-test-polarisation-and-stationary-wave)\n\n[3\\.1.9A-A\\* (AO3\/4) - Stationary Waves](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/3-1-9-a-a-ao34-stationary-waves)\n\n3\\.2\n\n### Refraction, Diffraction & Interference\n\n[3\\.2.1Interference](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/3-2-1-interference)\n\n[3\\.2.2Interference 2](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/3-2-2-interference-2)\n\n[3\\.2.3End of Topic Test - Interference](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/3-2-3-end-of-topic-test-interference)\n\n[3\\.2.4Diffraction](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/3-2-4-diffraction)\n\n[3\\.2.5Diffraction Gratings](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/3-2-5-diffraction-gratings)\n\n[3\\.2.6End of Topic Test - Diffraction](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/3-2-6-end-of-topic-test-diffraction)\n\n[3\\.2.7Refraction at a Plane Surface](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/3-2-7-refraction-at-a-plane-surface)\n\n[3\\.2.8Internal Reflection & Fibre Optics](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/3-2-8-internal-reflection-and-fibre-optics)\n\n[3\\.2.9End of Topic Test - Refraction](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/3-2-9-end-of-topic-test-refraction)\n\n[3\\.2.10Exam-Style Question - Waves](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/3-2-10-exam-style-question-waves)\n\n4\n\n## Mechanics & Materials\n\n4\\.1\n\n### Force, Energy & Momentum\n\n[4\\.1.1Scalars & Vectors](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-1-scalars-and-vectors)\n\n[4\\.1.2Vector Problems](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-2-vector-problems)\n\n[4\\.1.3End of Topic Test - Scalars & Vectors](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-3-end-of-topic-test-scalars-and-vectors)\n\n[4\\.1.4Moments](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-4-moments)\n\n[4\\.1.5Centre of Mass](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-5-centre-of-mass)\n\n[4\\.1.6End of Topic Test - Moments & Centre of Mass](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-6-end-of-topic-test-moments-and-centre-of-mass)\n\n[4\\.1.7Motion in a Straight Line](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-7-motion-in-a-straight-line)\n\n[4\\.1.8Graphs of Motion](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-8-graphs-of-motion)\n\n[4\\.1.9Bouncing Ball Example](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-9-bouncing-ball-example)\n\n[4\\.1.10End of Topic Test - Motion in a Straight Line](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-10-end-of-topic-test-motion-in-a-straight-line)\n\n[4\\.1.11Acceleration Due to Gravity](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-11-acceleration-due-to-gravity)\n\n[4\\.1.12Projectile Motion](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-12-projectile-motion)\n\n[4\\.1.13Friction](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-13-friction)\n\n[4\\.1.14Terminal Speed](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-14-terminal-speed)\n\n[4\\.1.15End of Topic Test - Acceleration Due to Gravity](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-15-end-of-topic-test-acceleration-due-to-gravity)\n\n[4\\.1.16Newton's Laws](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-16-newtons-laws)\n\n[4\\.1.17Momentum](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-17-momentum)\n\n[4\\.1.18Momentum 2](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-18-momentum-2)\n\n[4\\.1.19End of Topic Test - Newton's Laws & Momentum](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-19-end-of-topic-test-newtons-laws-and-momentum)\n\n[4\\.1.20A-A\\* (AO3\/4) - Newton's Third Law](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-20-a-a-ao34-newtons-third-law)\n\n[4\\.1.21Work & Energy](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-21-work-and-energy)\n\n[4\\.1.22Power & Efficiency](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-22-power-and-efficiency)\n\n[4\\.1.23Conservation of Energy](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-23-conservation-of-energy)\n\n[4\\.1.24End of Topic Test - Work, Energy & Power](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-24-end-of-topic-test-work-energy-and-power)\n\n[4\\.1.25Exam-Style Question - Forces](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-25-exam-style-question-forces)\n\n[4\\.1.26Diagnostic Misconceptions - Perpendicular Vectors](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-26-diagnostic-misconceptions-perpendicular-vectors)\n\n[4\\.1.27Diagnostic Misconceptions - Weight Acts Downwards](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-27-diagnostic-misconceptions-weight-acts-downwards)\n\n[4\\.1.28Diagnostic Misconceptions - Acceleration Direction](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-28-diagnostic-misconceptions-acceleration-direction)\n\n[4\\.1.29Diagnostic Misconceptions - Stationary Objects](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-29-diagnostic-misconceptions-stationary-objects)\n\n[4\\.1.30Diagnostic Misconceptions - Action & Reaction](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-30-diagnostic-misconceptions-action-and-reaction)\n\n[4\\.1.31Diagnostic Misconceptions - RF Direction](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-31-diagnostic-misconceptions-rf-direction)\n\n[4\\.1.32Diagnostic Misconceptions - RF Acceleration](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-32-diagnostic-misconceptions-rf-acceleration)\n\n[4\\.1.33Diagnostic Misconceptions - Change in Momentum](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-1-33-diagnostic-misconceptions-change-in-momentum)\n\n4\\.2\n\n### Materials\n\n[4\\.2.1Density](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-2-1-density)\n\n[4\\.2.2Bulk Properties of Solids](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-2-2-bulk-properties-of-solids)\n\n[4\\.2.3Energy in Materials](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-2-3-energy-in-materials)\n\n[4\\.2.4Young Modulus](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-2-4-young-modulus)\n\n[4\\.2.5End of Topic Test - Materials](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/4-2-5-end-of-topic-test-materials)\n\n5\n\n## Electricity\n\n5\\.1\n\n### Current Electricity\n\n[5\\.1.1Basics of Electricity](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/5-1-1-basics-of-electricity)\n\n[5\\.1.2Current-Voltage Characteristics](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/5-1-2-current-voltage-characteristics)\n\n[5\\.1.3End of Topic Test - Basics of Electricity](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/5-1-3-end-of-topic-test-basics-of-electricity)\n\n[5\\.1.4Resistivity](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/5-1-4-resistivity)\n\n[5\\.1.5Superconductivity](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/5-1-5-superconductivity)\n\n[5\\.1.6A-A\\* (AO3\/4) - Superconductivity](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/5-1-6-a-a-ao34-superconductivity)\n\n[5\\.1.7End of Topic Test - Resistivity & Superconductors](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/5-1-7-end-of-topic-test-resistivity-and-superconductors)\n\n[5\\.1.8Circuits](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/5-1-8-circuits)\n\n[5\\.1.9Power and Conservation](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/5-1-9-power-and-conservation)\n\n[5\\.1.10Potential Divider](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/5-1-10-potential-divider)\n\n[5\\.1.11Emf & Internal Resistance](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/5-1-11-emf-and-internal-resistance)\n\n[5\\.1.12End of Topic Test - Power & Potential](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/5-1-12-end-of-topic-test-power-and-potential)\n\n[5\\.1.13Exam-Style Question - Resistance](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/5-1-13-exam-style-question-resistance)\n\n[5\\.1.14Diagnostic Misconceptions - Constant Current](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/5-1-14-diagnostic-misconceptions-constant-current)\n\n[5\\.1.15Diagnostic Misconceptions - Potential Difference](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/5-1-15-diagnostic-misconceptions-potential-difference)\n\n6\n\n## Further Mechanics & Thermal Physics (A2 only)\n\n6\\.1\n\n### Periodic Motion (A2 only)\n\n[6\\.1.1Circular Motion](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/6-1-1-circular-motion)\n\n[6\\.1.2Circular Motion 2](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/6-1-2-circular-motion-2)\n\n[6\\.1.3End of Topic Test - Circular Motion](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/6-1-3-end-of-topic-test-circular-motion)\n\n[6\\.1.4Simple Harmonic Motion](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/6-1-4-simple-harmonic-motion)\n\n[6\\.1.5Simple Harmonic Systems](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/6-1-5-simple-harmonic-systems)\n\n[6\\.1.6Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/6-1-6-energy-in-simple-harmonic-motion)\n\n[6\\.1.7Resonance](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/6-1-7-resonance)\n\n[6\\.1.8End of Topic Test - Simple Harmonic Motion](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/6-1-8-end-of-topic-test-simple-harmonic-motion)\n\n[6\\.1.9A-A\\* (AO3\/4) - Simple Harmonic Motion](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/6-1-9-a-a-ao34-simple-harmonic-motion)\n\n6\\.2\n\n### Thermal Physics (A2 only)\n\n[6\\.2.1Thermal Energy Transfer](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/6-2-1-thermal-energy-transfer)\n\n[6\\.2.2Thermal Energy Transfer Experiments](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/6-2-2-thermal-energy-transfer-experiments)\n\n[6\\.2.3Ideal Gases](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/6-2-3-ideal-gases)\n\n[6\\.2.4Ideal Gases 2](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/6-2-4-ideal-gases-2)\n\n[6\\.2.5Boyle's Law & Charles' Law](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/6-2-5-boyles-law-and-charles-law)\n\n[6\\.2.6Molecular Kinetic Theory Model](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/6-2-6-molecular-kinetic-theory-model)\n\n[6\\.2.7Molecular Kinetic Theory Model 2](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/6-2-7-molecular-kinetic-theory-model-2)\n\n[6\\.2.8End of Topic Test - Thermal Energy & Ideal Gases](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/6-2-8-end-of-topic-test-thermal-energy-and-ideal-gases)\n\n[6\\.2.9Exam-Style Question - Ideal Gases](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/6-2-9-exam-style-question-ideal-gases)\n\n[6\\.2.10Diagnostic Misconceptions - Material & Mass](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/6-2-10-diagnostic-misconceptions-material-and-mass)\n\n[6\\.2.11Diagnostic Misconceptions - No Energy](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/6-2-11-diagnostic-misconceptions-no-energy)\n\n7\n\n## Fields & Their Consequences (A2 only)\n\n7\\.1\n\n### Fields (A2 only)\n\n[7\\.1.1Fields](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-1-1-fields)\n\n7\\.2\n\n### Gravitational Fields (A2 only)\n\n[7\\.2.1Newton's Law](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-2-1-newtons-law)\n\n[7\\.2.2Gravitational Field Strength](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-2-2-gravitational-field-strength)\n\n[7\\.2.3Gravitational Potential](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-2-3-gravitational-potential)\n\n[7\\.2.4Orbits of Planets & Satellites](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-2-4-orbits-of-planets-and-satellites)\n\n[7\\.2.5Escape Velocity & Synchronous Orbits](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-2-5-escape-velocity-and-synchronous-orbits)\n\n[7\\.2.6End of Topic Test - Gravitational Fields](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-2-6-end-of-topic-test-gravitational-fields)\n\n7\\.3\n\n### Electric Fields (A2 only)\n\n[7\\.3.1Coulomb's Law](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-3-1-coulombs-law)\n\n[7\\.3.2Electric Field Strength](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-3-2-electric-field-strength)\n\n[7\\.3.3Electric Field Strength 2](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-3-3-electric-field-strength-2)\n\n[7\\.3.4Electric Potential](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-3-4-electric-potential)\n\n[7\\.3.5End of Topic Test - Electric Fields](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-3-5-end-of-topic-test-electric-fields)\n\n[7\\.3.6A-A\\* (AO3\/4) - Electric and Gravitational Field](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-3-6-a-a-ao34-electric-and-gravitational-field)\n\n7\\.4\n\n### Capacitance (A2 only)\n\n[7\\.4.1Capacitance](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-4-1-capacitance)\n\n[7\\.4.2Parallel Plate Capacitor](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-4-2-parallel-plate-capacitor)\n\n[7\\.4.3Energy Stored by a Capacitor](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-4-3-energy-stored-by-a-capacitor)\n\n[7\\.4.4Capacitor Discharge](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-4-4-capacitor-discharge)\n\n[7\\.4.5Capacitor Charge](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-4-5-capacitor-charge)\n\n7\\.5\n\n### Magnetic Fields (A2 only)\n\n[7\\.5.1Magnetic Flux Density](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-5-1-magnetic-flux-density)\n\n[7\\.5.2End of Topic Test - Capacitance & Flux Density](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-5-2-end-of-topic-test-capacitance-and-flux-density)\n\n[7\\.5.3Moving Charges in a Magnetic Field](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-5-3-moving-charges-in-a-magnetic-field)\n\n[7\\.5.4Magnetic Flux & Flux Linkage](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-5-4-magnetic-flux-and-flux-linkage)\n\n[7\\.5.5Electromagnetic Induction](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-5-5-electromagnetic-induction)\n\n[7\\.5.6Electromagnetic Induction 2](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-5-6-electromagnetic-induction-2)\n\n[7\\.5.7Alternating Currents](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-5-7-alternating-currents)\n\n[7\\.5.8Operation of a Transformer](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-5-8-operation-of-a-transformer)\n\n[7\\.5.9Magnetic Flux Density](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-5-9-magnetic-flux-density)\n\n[7\\.5.10End of Topic Test - Electromagnetic Induction](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-5-10-end-of-topic-test-electromagnetic-induction)\n\n8\n\n## Nuclear Physics (A2 only)\n\n8\\.1\n\n### Radioactivity (A2 only)\n\n[8\\.1.1Rutherford Scattering](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/8-1-1-rutherford-scattering)\n\n[8\\.1.2Alpha & Beta Radiation](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/8-1-2-alpha-and-beta-radiation)\n\n[8\\.1.3Gamma Radiation](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/8-1-3-gamma-radiation)\n\n[8\\.1.4Radioactive Decay](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/8-1-4-radioactive-decay)\n\n[8\\.1.5Half Life](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/8-1-5-half-life)\n\n[8\\.1.6End of Topic Test - Radioactivity](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/8-1-6-end-of-topic-test-radioactivity)\n\n[8\\.1.7Nuclear Instability](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/8-1-7-nuclear-instability)\n\n[8\\.1.8Nuclear Radius](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/8-1-8-nuclear-radius)\n\n[8\\.1.9Mass & Energy](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/8-1-9-mass-and-energy)\n\n[8\\.1.10Binding Energy](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/8-1-10-binding-energy)\n\n[8\\.1.11Induced Fission](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/8-1-11-induced-fission)\n\n[8\\.1.12Safety Aspects of Nuclear Reactors](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/8-1-12-safety-aspects-of-nuclear-reactors)\n\n[8\\.1.13End of Topic Test - Nuclear Physics](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/8-1-13-end-of-topic-test-nuclear-physics)\n\n[8\\.1.14A-A\\* (AO3\/4) - Nuclear Fusion](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/8-1-14-a-a-ao34-nuclear-fusion)\n\n9\n\n## Option: Astrophysics (A2 only)\n\n9\\.1\n\n### Telescopes (A2 only)\n\n[9\\.1.1Astronomical Telescopes](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/9-1-1-astronomical-telescopes)\n\n[9\\.1.2Reflecting Telescopes](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/9-1-2-reflecting-telescopes)\n\n[9\\.1.3Single Dish Radio Telescopes](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/9-1-3-single-dish-radio-telescopes)\n\n[9\\.1.4Large Diameter Telescopes](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/9-1-4-large-diameter-telescopes)\n\n9\\.2\n\n### Classification of Stars (A2 only)\n\n[9\\.2.1Classification by Luminosity](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/9-2-1-classification-by-luminosity)\n\n[9\\.2.2Absolute Magnitude](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/9-2-2-absolute-magnitude)\n\n[9\\.2.3Black Body Radiation](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/9-2-3-black-body-radiation)\n\n[9\\.2.4Stellar Spectral Classes](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/9-2-4-stellar-spectral-classes)\n\n[9\\.2.5Hertzsprung-Russell Diagrams](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/9-2-5-hertzsprung-russell-diagrams)\n\n[9\\.2.6Astronomical Objects](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/9-2-6-astronomical-objects)\n\n9\\.3\n\n### Cosmology (A2 only)\n\n[9\\.3.1Doppler Effect](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/9-3-1-doppler-effect)\n\n[9\\.3.2Hubble's Law](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/9-3-2-hubbles-law)\n\n[9\\.3.3Quasars](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/9-3-3-quasars)\n\n[9\\.3.4Detecting Exoplanets](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/9-3-4-detecting-exoplanets)\n\n10\n\n## Option: Medical Physics (A2 only)\n\n10\\.1\n\n### Physics of the Eye (A2 only)\n\n[10\\.1.1Physics of Vision](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/10-1-1-physics-of-vision)\n\n[10\\.1.2Defects of Vision](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/10-1-2-defects-of-vision)\n\n[10\\.1.3Lenses](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/10-1-3-lenses)\n\n[10\\.1.4Correcting Defects of Vision](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/10-1-4-correcting-defects-of-vision)\n\n10\\.2\n\n### Physics of the Ear (A2 only)\n\n[10\\.2.1Structure of the Ear](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/10-2-1-structure-of-the-ear)\n\n[10\\.2.2Sensitivity of the Ear](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/10-2-2-sensitivity-of-the-ear)\n\n[10\\.2.3Hearing Defects](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/10-2-3-hearing-defects)\n\n10\\.3\n\n### Biological Measurement (A2 only)\n\n[10\\.3.1Electrocardiography (ECG)](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/10-3-1-electrocardiography-ecg)\n\n10\\.4\n\n### Non-Ionising Imaging (A2 only)\n\n[10\\.4.1Ultrasound Imaging](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/10-4-1-ultrasound-imaging)\n\n[10\\.4.2Ultrasound Imaging 2](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/10-4-2-ultrasound-imaging-2)\n\n[10\\.4.3Fibre Optics & Endoscopy](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/10-4-3-fibre-optics-and-endoscopy)\n\n[10\\.4.4Magnetic Resonance Scanning](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/10-4-4-magnetic-resonance-scanning)\n\n10\\.5\n\n### X-Ray Imaging (A2 only)\n\n[10\\.5.1Diagnostic X-Rays](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/10-5-1-diagnostic-x-rays)\n\n[10\\.5.2X-Ray Image Processing](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/10-5-2-x-ray-image-processing)\n\n[10\\.5.3Absorption of X-Rays](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/10-5-3-absorption-of-x-rays)\n\n[10\\.5.4CT Scanners](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/10-5-4-ct-scanners)\n\n10\\.6\n\n### Radionuclide Imaging & Therapy (A2 only)\n\n[10\\.6.1Imaging Techniques](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/10-6-1-imaging-techniques)\n\n[10\\.6.2Half Life](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/10-6-2-half-life)\n\n[10\\.6.3Gamma Camera](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/10-6-3-gamma-camera)\n\n[10\\.6.4High Energy X-Rays](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/10-6-4-high-energy-x-rays)\n\n[10\\.6.5Radioactive Implants](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/10-6-5-radioactive-implants)\n\n[10\\.6.6Imaging Comparisons](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/10-6-6-imaging-comparisons)\n\n11\n\n## Option: Engineering Physics (A2 only)\n\n11\\.1\n\n### Rotational Dynamics (A2 only)\n\n[11\\.1.1Moment of Inertia](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/11-1-1-moment-of-inertia)\n\n[11\\.1.2Rotational Kinetic Energy](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/11-1-2-rotational-kinetic-energy)\n\n[11\\.1.3Rotational Motion](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/11-1-3-rotational-motion)\n\n[11\\.1.4Torque & Angular Acceleration](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/11-1-4-torque-and-angular-acceleration)\n\n[11\\.1.5Angular Momentum](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/11-1-5-angular-momentum)\n\n[11\\.1.6Angular Work & Power](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/11-1-6-angular-work-and-power)\n\n11\\.2\n\n### Thermodynamics & Engines (A2 only)\n\n[11\\.2.1First Law of Thermodynamics](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/11-2-1-first-law-of-thermodynamics)\n\n[11\\.2.2Non-Flow Processes](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/11-2-2-non-flow-processes)\n\n[11\\.2.3p-V Diagrams](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/11-2-3-p-v-diagrams)\n\n[11\\.2.4Engine Cycles](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/11-2-4-engine-cycles)\n\n[11\\.2.5Second Law & Engines](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/11-2-5-second-law-and-engines)\n\n[11\\.2.6Reversed Heat Engines](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/11-2-6-reversed-heat-engines)\n\n12\n\n## Option: Turning Points in Physics (A2 only)\n\n12\\.1\n\n### Discovery of the Electron (A2 only)\n\n[12\\.1.1Cathode Rays](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/12-1-1-cathode-rays)\n\n[12\\.1.2Thermionic Electron Emission](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/12-1-2-thermionic-electron-emission)\n\n[12\\.1.3Electron Specific Charge](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/12-1-3-electron-specific-charge)\n\n[12\\.1.4Millikan's Experiment](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/12-1-4-millikans-experiment)\n\n12\\.2\n\n### Wave-Particle Duality (A2 only)\n\n[12\\.2.1Newton's & Huygen's Theories of Light](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/12-2-1-newtons-and-huygens-theories-of-light)\n\n[12\\.2.2Electromagnetic Waves](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/12-2-2-electromagnetic-waves)\n\n[12\\.2.3Photoelectricity](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/12-2-3-photoelectricity)\n\n[12\\.2.4Wave-Particle Duality](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/12-2-4-wave-particle-duality)\n\n[12\\.2.5Electron Microscopes](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/12-2-5-electron-microscopes)\n\n12\\.3\n\n### Special Relativity (A2 only)\n\n[12\\.3.1Michelson-Morley Experiment](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/12-3-1-michelson-morley-experiment)\n\n[12\\.3.2Einstein's Theory of Special Relativity](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/12-3-2-einsteins-theory-of-special-relativity)\n\n[12\\.3.3Time Dilation](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/12-3-3-time-dilation)\n\n[12\\.3.4Length Contraction](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/12-3-4-length-contraction)\n\n[12\\.3.5Mass & Energy](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/12-3-5-mass-and-energy)\n\n## Practice questions on Electric Field Strength 2\nCan you answer these? Test yourself with free interactive practice on Seneca — used by over 10 million students.\n\n1. 1\n   [What is the equation for the field strength of a uniform field?](https:\/\/app.senecalearning.com\/classroom\/course\/890da800-6a58-11e8-973c-cb81832c8407\/section\/34428716-7d22-4d5a-8bb9-d90dd96218f0\/session)Multiple choice\n2. 2\n   [In what direction do the field lines point in a uniform field?](https:\/\/app.senecalearning.com\/classroom\/course\/890da800-6a58-11e8-973c-cb81832c8407\/section\/34428716-7d22-4d5a-8bb9-d90dd96218f0\/session)Multiple choice\n3. 3\n   [Which of the following forms of electromagnetic radiation are able to ionise particles?](https:\/\/app.senecalearning.com\/classroom\/course\/890da800-6a58-11e8-973c-cb81832c8407\/section\/34428716-7d22-4d5a-8bb9-d90dd96218f0\/session)Multiple choice\n4. 4\n   [Which of the following forces does NOT act on the charged droplets as they initially fall in the chamber?](https:\/\/app.senecalearning.com\/classroom\/course\/890da800-6a58-11e8-973c-cb81832c8407\/section\/34428716-7d22-4d5a-8bb9-d90dd96218f0\/session)Multiple choice\n5. 5\n   [If the positive plate is at the top of the chamber, which way will the oil droplets move when a potential difference is applied?](https:\/\/app.senecalearning.com\/classroom\/course\/890da800-6a58-11e8-973c-cb81832c8407\/section\/34428716-7d22-4d5a-8bb9-d90dd96218f0\/session)Multiple choice\n\n[Answer all questions on Electric Field Strength 2](https:\/\/app.senecalearning.com\/classroom\/course\/890da800-6a58-11e8-973c-cb81832c8407\/section\/34428716-7d22-4d5a-8bb9-d90dd96218f0\/session)\n\n## Unlock your full potential with Seneca Premium\n- Unlimited access to 10,000+ open-ended exam questions\n- Mini-mock exams based on your study history\n- Unlock 800+ premium courses & e-books\n\n[Get started with Seneca Premium](https:\/\/app.senecalearning.com\/what-is-premium\/student?source=notes-site)\n\n[Electric Field Strength](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-3-2-electric-field-strength \"Previous section\")\n\n[Electric Potential](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-3-4-electric-potential \"Next section\")\n\n![Seneca Learning Logo](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/logo.svg)\n\n[iGCSE](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/igcse)[iGCSE Biology Revision](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/igcse\/biology)[iGCSE Chemistry Revision](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/igcse\/chemistry)[iGCSE Physics Revision](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/igcse\/physics)[iGCSE Geography Revision](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/igcse\/geography)[iGCSE English Language 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Revision](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/ks3\/science)[KS3 Maths Revision](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/ks3\/maths)[KS3 Geography Revision](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/ks3\/geography)[KS3 History Revision](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/ks3\/history)\n\n#### FAQs\n[learnmore@seneca.io](mailto:learnmore@seneca.io)[Help centre](https:\/\/help.senecalearning.com\/en\/)[Find a tutor](https:\/\/www.findtutors.co.uk\/)[Exam stress & wellbeing](https:\/\/help.senecalearning.com\/en\/articles\/4245191-mental-health-wellbeing)[Seneca premium](https:\/\/app.senecalearning.com\/what-is-premium\/parent)[Press kit](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/press-kit)","attrs_readable_markdown":"## [Work done in an Electric Field](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-3-3-electric-field-strength-2#work-done-in-an-electric-field)\nTwo oppositely charged parallel plates provide a uniform electric field. Uniform fields have field lines that are equally spaced, straight and parallel.\n\n![Moving between charged plates](https:\/\/image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com\/2018-08\/2bfe98ab-e156-4d2c-9226-f6068384625a\/Positive%20and%20negative%20plates,h_400,q_80,w_640.png)\n\n### [Moving between charged plates](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-3-3-electric-field-strength-2#work-done-in-an-electric-field-moving-between-charged-plates)\n- The work done in moving a positively charged particle from the negative plate to the positive plate is:\n  - W\n    \n    \\=\n    \n    F\n    \n    ×\n    \n    d\n    \n    W= F \\\\times d\n- Where F is a constant force acting on the charged particle and d is the separation of the plates.\n\n![Derivation](https:\/\/image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com\/2018-08\/675f0329-7aac-41bd-86ee-7a3f43f11684\/Positive%20and%20negative%20plates,h_400,q_80,w_640.png)\n\n### [Derivation](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-3-3-electric-field-strength-2#work-done-in-an-electric-field-derivation)\n- The work done in moving a positively charges particle is also, by definition:\n  - W\n    \n    \\=\n    \n    Q\n    \n    ×\n    \n    Δ\n    \n    V\n    \n    W = Q \\\\times \\\\Delta V\n- These two expressions are equal to each other:\n  - F\n    \n    ×\n    \n    d\n    \n    \\=\n    \n    Q\n    \n    ×\n    \n    Δ\n    \n    V\n    \n    F\\\\times d=Q\\\\times \\\\Delta V\n\n![Derivation 2](https:\/\/image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com\/2018-08\/e3c70aad-b1bb-4789-b23a-156663d2499a\/Positive%20and%20negative%20plates,h_400,q_80,w_640.png)\n\n### [Derivation 2](https:\/\/senecalearning.com\/en-GB\/revision-notes\/a-level\/physics\/aqa\/7-3-3-electric-field-strength-2#work-done-in-an-electric-field-derivation-2)\n- Rearranging this gives:\n  - F\n    \n    Q\n    \n    \\=\n    \n    Δ\n    \n    V\n    \n    d\n    \n    \\\\frac{F}{Q}=\\\\frac{\\\\Delta V}{d}\n- Because\n  F\n  \n  Q\n  \n  \\\\frac{F}{Q}\n  is defined as electric field strength, electric field strength between two parallel plates is:\n  - E\n    \n    \\=\n    \n    Δ\n    \n    V\n    \n    d\n    \n    E = \\\\frac{\\\\Delta V}{d}","meta_canonical":null}

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URL	https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-3-3-electric-field-strength-2
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Meta Title	Electric Field Strength 2 \| Free Notes & Practice – Physics: AQA A Level
Meta Description	Electric Field Strength 2 revision notes for Physics: AQA A Level. Free concise notes and interactive practice questions. Used by 10m+ students on Seneca.
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Boilerpipe Text	Work done in an Electric Field Two oppositely charged parallel plates provide a uniform electric field. Uniform fields have field lines that are equally spaced, straight and parallel. Moving between charged plates The work done in moving a positively charged particle from the negative plate to the positive plate is: W = F × d W= F \times d Where F is a constant force acting on the charged particle and d is the separation of the plates. Derivation The work done in moving a positively charges particle is also, by definition: W = Q × Δ V W = Q \times \Delta V These two expressions are equal to each other: F × d = Q × Δ V F\times d=Q\times \Delta V Derivation 2 Rearranging this gives: F Q = Δ V d \frac{F}{Q}=\frac{\Delta V}{d} Because F Q \frac{F}{Q} is defined as electric field strength, electric field strength between two parallel plates is: E = Δ V d E = \frac{\Delta V}{d}
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iGCSE - IB Diploma - International A Level - GCSE - A Level - KS3 [Sign up](https://app.senecalearning.com/courses/sign-up) [A Level](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes) [Physics](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level) [AQA](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics) [7\.3.3](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa) 7\.3.3 # Electric Field Strength 2 [Test yourself on Electric Field Strength 2](https://app.senecalearning.com/classroom/course/890da800-6a58-11e8-973c-cb81832c8407/section/34428716-7d22-4d5a-8bb9-d90dd96218f0/session) Test your knowledge with free interactive questions on Seneca — used by over 10 million students. ## [A Uniform Electric Field](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-3-3-electric-field-strength-2#a-uniform-electric-field) A uniform field is one which has the same strength at every point in the field. ![Uniform field ](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-09/f06bc625-b904-4215-96be-87c0b2c0ee36/parallel-plate-equipotential,h_400,q_80,w_640.png)![](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-09/f06bc625-b904-4215-96be-87c0b2c0ee36/parallel-plate-equipotential,h_400,q_80,w_640.png) ### [Uniform field](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-3-3-electric-field-strength-2#a-uniform-electric-field-uniform-field) - A uniform field has the same strength everywhere, it can be made from parallel charged plates. - If two charged plates are held a distance apart the field between them will be uniform - The field lines will travel straight from the positive plate into the negative plate. ![Calculating the field ](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/physics/1.4.2%20Equilibrium/calculator-983900_640-min,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)![](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/physics/1.4.2%20Equilibrium/calculator-983900_640-min,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg) ### [Calculating the field](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-3-3-electric-field-strength-2#a-uniform-electric-field-calculating-the-field) - If two plates are held apart with different charges they will have a voltage difference between them. The equation for the field strength is: - Field strength = voltage drop ÷ distance between the plates - E \= V / d E=V/d E\=V/d ## [Work done in an Electric Field](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-3-3-electric-field-strength-2#work-done-in-an-electric-field) Two oppositely charged parallel plates provide a uniform electric field. Uniform fields have field lines that are equally spaced, straight and parallel. ![Moving between charged plates](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-08/2bfe98ab-e156-4d2c-9226-f6068384625a/Positive%20and%20negative%20plates,h_400,q_80,w_640.png)![](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-08/2bfe98ab-e156-4d2c-9226-f6068384625a/Positive%20and%20negative%20plates,h_400,q_80,w_640.png) ### [Moving between charged plates](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-3-3-electric-field-strength-2#work-done-in-an-electric-field-moving-between-charged-plates) - The work done in moving a positively charged particle from the negative plate to the positive plate is: - W \= F × d W= F \\times d W\=F×d - Where F is a constant force acting on the charged particle and d is the separation of the plates. ![Derivation](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-08/675f0329-7aac-41bd-86ee-7a3f43f11684/Positive%20and%20negative%20plates,h_400,q_80,w_640.png)![](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-08/675f0329-7aac-41bd-86ee-7a3f43f11684/Positive%20and%20negative%20plates,h_400,q_80,w_640.png) ### [Derivation](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-3-3-electric-field-strength-2#work-done-in-an-electric-field-derivation) - The work done in moving a positively charges particle is also, by definition: - W \= Q × Δ V W = Q \\times \\Delta V W\=Q×ΔV - These two expressions are equal to each other: - F × d \= Q × Δ V F\\times d=Q\\times \\Delta V F×d\=Q×ΔV ![Derivation 2](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-08/e3c70aad-b1bb-4789-b23a-156663d2499a/Positive%20and%20negative%20plates,h_400,q_80,w_640.png)![](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-08/e3c70aad-b1bb-4789-b23a-156663d2499a/Positive%20and%20negative%20plates,h_400,q_80,w_640.png) ### [Derivation 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-3-3-electric-field-strength-2#work-done-in-an-electric-field-derivation-2) - Rearranging this gives: - F Q \= Δ V d \\frac{F}{Q}=\\frac{\\Delta V}{d} QF\=dΔV - Because F Q \\frac{F}{Q} QF is defined as electric field strength, electric field strength between two parallel plates is: - E \= Δ V d E = \\frac{\\Delta V}{d} E\=dΔV 1 ## Measurements & Errors 1\.1 ### Measurements & Errors [1\.1.1SI Base Units](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/1-1-1-si-base-units) [1\.1.2Combining SI Units](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/1-1-2-combining-si-units) [1\.1.3Prefixes of Units](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/1-1-3-prefixes-of-units) [1\.1.4Standard Form](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/1-1-4-standard-form) [1\.1.5Converting Units](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/1-1-5-converting-units) [1\.1.6End of Topic Test - Units & Prefixes](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/1-1-6-end-of-topic-test-units-and-prefixes) [1\.1.7Limitation of Physical Measurements](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/1-1-7-limitation-of-physical-measurements) [1\.1.8Uncertainty](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/1-1-8-uncertainty) [1\.1.9Estimation](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/1-1-9-estimation) [1\.1.10End of Topic Test - Measurements & Errors](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/1-1-10-end-of-topic-test-measurements-and-errors) [1\.1.11Diagnostic Misconceptions - Converting between SI](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/1-1-11-diagnostic-misconceptions-converting-between-si) [1\.1.12Diagnostic Misconceptions - SI & Area/Volume](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/1-1-12-diagnostic-misconceptions-si-and-areavolume) 2 ## Particles & Radiation 2\.1 ### Particles [2\.1.1Atomic Model](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-1-1-atomic-model) [2\.1.2Specific Charge, Protons & Neutron Numbers](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-1-2-specific-charge-protons-and-neutron-numbers) [2\.1.3End of Topic Test - Atomic Model](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-1-3-end-of-topic-test-atomic-model) [2\.1.4Isotopes](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-1-4-isotopes) [2\.1.5Stable & Unstable Nuclei](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-1-5-stable-and-unstable-nuclei) [2\.1.6End of Topic Test - Isotopes & Nuclei](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-1-6-end-of-topic-test-isotopes-and-nuclei) [2\.1.7A-A\* (AO3/4) - Stable & Unstable Nuclei](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-1-7-a-a-ao34-stable-and-unstable-nuclei) [2\.1.8Particles, Antiparticles & Photons](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-1-8-particles-antiparticles-and-photons) [2\.1.9Particle Interactions](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-1-9-particle-interactions) [2\.1.10Classification of Particles](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-1-10-classification-of-particles) [2\.1.11End of Topic Test - Particles & Interactions](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-1-11-end-of-topic-test-particles-and-interactions) [2\.1.12Quarks & Antiquarks](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-1-12-quarks-and-antiquarks) [2\.1.13Application of Conservation Laws](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-1-13-application-of-conservation-laws) [2\.1.14End of Topic Test - Leptons & Quarks](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-1-14-end-of-topic-test-leptons-and-quarks) [2\.1.15Exam-Style Question - Radioactive Decay](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-1-15-exam-style-question-radioactive-decay) 2\.2 ### Electromagnetic Radiation & Quantum Phenomena [2\.2.1The Photoelectric Effect](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-2-1-the-photoelectric-effect) [2\.2.2The Photoelectric Effect Explanation](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-2-2-the-photoelectric-effect-explanation) [2\.2.3End of Topic Test - The Photoelectric Effect](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-2-3-end-of-topic-test-the-photoelectric-effect) [2\.2.4Collisions of Electrons with Atoms](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-2-4-collisions-of-electrons-with-atoms) [2\.2.5Energy Levels & Photon Emission](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-2-5-energy-levels-and-photon-emission) [2\.2.6Wave-Particle Duality](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-2-6-wave-particle-duality) [2\.2.7End of Topic Test - Absorption & Emission](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-2-7-end-of-topic-test-absorption-and-emission) [2\.2.8Diagnostic Misconceptions - Electron Volts](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-2-8-diagnostic-misconceptions-electron-volts) [2\.2.9Diagnostic Misconceptions - Converting eV & Joules](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-2-9-diagnostic-misconceptions-converting-ev-and-joules) 3 ## Waves 3\.1 ### Progressive & Stationary Waves [3\.1.1Progressive Waves](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/3-1-1-progressive-waves) [3\.1.2Wave Speed & Phase Difference](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/3-1-2-wave-speed-and-phase-difference) [3\.1.3Longitudinal & Transverse Waves](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/3-1-3-longitudinal-and-transverse-waves) [3\.1.4End of Topic Test - Progressive Waves](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/3-1-4-end-of-topic-test-progressive-waves) [3\.1.5Polarisation](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/3-1-5-polarisation) [3\.1.6Stationary Waves](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/3-1-6-stationary-waves) [3\.1.7Stationary Waves 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/3-1-7-stationary-waves-2) [3\.1.8End of Topic Test - Polarisation & Stationary Wave](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/3-1-8-end-of-topic-test-polarisation-and-stationary-wave) [3\.1.9A-A\* (AO3/4) - Stationary Waves](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/3-1-9-a-a-ao34-stationary-waves) 3\.2 ### Refraction, Diffraction & Interference [3\.2.1Interference](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/3-2-1-interference) [3\.2.2Interference 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/3-2-2-interference-2) [3\.2.3End of Topic Test - Interference](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/3-2-3-end-of-topic-test-interference) [3\.2.4Diffraction](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/3-2-4-diffraction) [3\.2.5Diffraction Gratings](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/3-2-5-diffraction-gratings) [3\.2.6End of Topic Test - Diffraction](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/3-2-6-end-of-topic-test-diffraction) [3\.2.7Refraction at a Plane Surface](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/3-2-7-refraction-at-a-plane-surface) [3\.2.8Internal Reflection & Fibre Optics](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/3-2-8-internal-reflection-and-fibre-optics) [3\.2.9End of Topic Test - Refraction](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/3-2-9-end-of-topic-test-refraction) [3\.2.10Exam-Style Question - Waves](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/3-2-10-exam-style-question-waves) 4 ## Mechanics & Materials 4\.1 ### Force, Energy & Momentum [4\.1.1Scalars & Vectors](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-1-scalars-and-vectors) [4\.1.2Vector Problems](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-2-vector-problems) [4\.1.3End of Topic Test - Scalars & Vectors](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-3-end-of-topic-test-scalars-and-vectors) [4\.1.4Moments](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-4-moments) [4\.1.5Centre of Mass](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-5-centre-of-mass) [4\.1.6End of Topic Test - Moments & Centre of Mass](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-6-end-of-topic-test-moments-and-centre-of-mass) [4\.1.7Motion in a Straight Line](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-7-motion-in-a-straight-line) [4\.1.8Graphs of Motion](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-8-graphs-of-motion) [4\.1.9Bouncing Ball Example](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-9-bouncing-ball-example) [4\.1.10End of Topic Test - Motion in a Straight Line](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-10-end-of-topic-test-motion-in-a-straight-line) [4\.1.11Acceleration Due to Gravity](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-11-acceleration-due-to-gravity) [4\.1.12Projectile Motion](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-12-projectile-motion) [4\.1.13Friction](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-13-friction) [4\.1.14Terminal Speed](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-14-terminal-speed) [4\.1.15End of Topic Test - Acceleration Due to Gravity](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-15-end-of-topic-test-acceleration-due-to-gravity) [4\.1.16Newton's Laws](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-16-newtons-laws) [4\.1.17Momentum](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-17-momentum) [4\.1.18Momentum 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-18-momentum-2) [4\.1.19End of Topic Test - Newton's Laws & Momentum](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-19-end-of-topic-test-newtons-laws-and-momentum) [4\.1.20A-A\* (AO3/4) - Newton's Third Law](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-20-a-a-ao34-newtons-third-law) [4\.1.21Work & Energy](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-21-work-and-energy) [4\.1.22Power & Efficiency](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-22-power-and-efficiency) [4\.1.23Conservation of Energy](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-23-conservation-of-energy) [4\.1.24End of Topic Test - Work, Energy & Power](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-24-end-of-topic-test-work-energy-and-power) [4\.1.25Exam-Style Question - Forces](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-25-exam-style-question-forces) [4\.1.26Diagnostic Misconceptions - Perpendicular Vectors](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-26-diagnostic-misconceptions-perpendicular-vectors) [4\.1.27Diagnostic Misconceptions - Weight Acts Downwards](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-27-diagnostic-misconceptions-weight-acts-downwards) [4\.1.28Diagnostic Misconceptions - Acceleration Direction](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-28-diagnostic-misconceptions-acceleration-direction) [4\.1.29Diagnostic Misconceptions - Stationary Objects](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-29-diagnostic-misconceptions-stationary-objects) [4\.1.30Diagnostic Misconceptions - Action & Reaction](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-30-diagnostic-misconceptions-action-and-reaction) [4\.1.31Diagnostic Misconceptions - RF Direction](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-31-diagnostic-misconceptions-rf-direction) [4\.1.32Diagnostic Misconceptions - RF Acceleration](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-32-diagnostic-misconceptions-rf-acceleration) [4\.1.33Diagnostic Misconceptions - Change in Momentum](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-33-diagnostic-misconceptions-change-in-momentum) 4\.2 ### Materials [4\.2.1Density](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-2-1-density) [4\.2.2Bulk Properties of Solids](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-2-2-bulk-properties-of-solids) [4\.2.3Energy in Materials](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-2-3-energy-in-materials) [4\.2.4Young Modulus](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-2-4-young-modulus) [4\.2.5End of Topic Test - Materials](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-2-5-end-of-topic-test-materials) 5 ## Electricity 5\.1 ### Current Electricity [5\.1.1Basics of Electricity](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/5-1-1-basics-of-electricity) [5\.1.2Current-Voltage Characteristics](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/5-1-2-current-voltage-characteristics) [5\.1.3End of Topic Test - Basics of Electricity](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/5-1-3-end-of-topic-test-basics-of-electricity) [5\.1.4Resistivity](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/5-1-4-resistivity) [5\.1.5Superconductivity](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/5-1-5-superconductivity) [5\.1.6A-A\* (AO3/4) - Superconductivity](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/5-1-6-a-a-ao34-superconductivity) [5\.1.7End of Topic Test - Resistivity & Superconductors](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/5-1-7-end-of-topic-test-resistivity-and-superconductors) [5\.1.8Circuits](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/5-1-8-circuits) [5\.1.9Power and Conservation](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/5-1-9-power-and-conservation) [5\.1.10Potential Divider](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/5-1-10-potential-divider) [5\.1.11Emf & Internal Resistance](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/5-1-11-emf-and-internal-resistance) [5\.1.12End of Topic Test - Power & Potential](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/5-1-12-end-of-topic-test-power-and-potential) [5\.1.13Exam-Style Question - Resistance](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/5-1-13-exam-style-question-resistance) [5\.1.14Diagnostic Misconceptions - Constant Current](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/5-1-14-diagnostic-misconceptions-constant-current) [5\.1.15Diagnostic Misconceptions - Potential Difference](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/5-1-15-diagnostic-misconceptions-potential-difference) 6 ## Further Mechanics & Thermal Physics (A2 only) 6\.1 ### Periodic Motion (A2 only) [6\.1.1Circular Motion](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-1-1-circular-motion) [6\.1.2Circular Motion 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-1-2-circular-motion-2) [6\.1.3End of Topic Test - Circular Motion](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-1-3-end-of-topic-test-circular-motion) [6\.1.4Simple Harmonic Motion](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-1-4-simple-harmonic-motion) [6\.1.5Simple Harmonic Systems](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-1-5-simple-harmonic-systems) [6\.1.6Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-1-6-energy-in-simple-harmonic-motion) [6\.1.7Resonance](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-1-7-resonance) [6\.1.8End of Topic Test - Simple Harmonic Motion](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-1-8-end-of-topic-test-simple-harmonic-motion) [6\.1.9A-A\* (AO3/4) - Simple Harmonic Motion](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-1-9-a-a-ao34-simple-harmonic-motion) 6\.2 ### Thermal Physics (A2 only) [6\.2.1Thermal Energy Transfer](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-2-1-thermal-energy-transfer) [6\.2.2Thermal Energy Transfer Experiments](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-2-2-thermal-energy-transfer-experiments) [6\.2.3Ideal Gases](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-2-3-ideal-gases) [6\.2.4Ideal Gases 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-2-4-ideal-gases-2) [6\.2.5Boyle's Law & Charles' Law](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-2-5-boyles-law-and-charles-law) [6\.2.6Molecular Kinetic Theory Model](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-2-6-molecular-kinetic-theory-model) [6\.2.7Molecular Kinetic Theory Model 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-2-7-molecular-kinetic-theory-model-2) [6\.2.8End of Topic Test - Thermal Energy & Ideal Gases](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-2-8-end-of-topic-test-thermal-energy-and-ideal-gases) [6\.2.9Exam-Style Question - Ideal Gases](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-2-9-exam-style-question-ideal-gases) [6\.2.10Diagnostic Misconceptions - Material & Mass](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-2-10-diagnostic-misconceptions-material-and-mass) [6\.2.11Diagnostic Misconceptions - No Energy](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-2-11-diagnostic-misconceptions-no-energy) 7 ## Fields & Their Consequences (A2 only) 7\.1 ### Fields (A2 only) [7\.1.1Fields](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-1-1-fields) 7\.2 ### Gravitational Fields (A2 only) [7\.2.1Newton's Law](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-2-1-newtons-law) [7\.2.2Gravitational Field Strength](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-2-2-gravitational-field-strength) [7\.2.3Gravitational Potential](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-2-3-gravitational-potential) [7\.2.4Orbits of Planets & Satellites](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-2-4-orbits-of-planets-and-satellites) [7\.2.5Escape Velocity & Synchronous Orbits](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-2-5-escape-velocity-and-synchronous-orbits) [7\.2.6End of Topic Test - Gravitational Fields](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-2-6-end-of-topic-test-gravitational-fields) 7\.3 ### Electric Fields (A2 only) [7\.3.1Coulomb's Law](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-3-1-coulombs-law) [7\.3.2Electric Field Strength](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-3-2-electric-field-strength) [7\.3.3Electric Field Strength 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-3-3-electric-field-strength-2) [7\.3.4Electric Potential](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-3-4-electric-potential) [7\.3.5End of Topic Test - Electric Fields](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-3-5-end-of-topic-test-electric-fields) [7\.3.6A-A\* (AO3/4) - Electric and Gravitational Field](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-3-6-a-a-ao34-electric-and-gravitational-field) 7\.4 ### Capacitance (A2 only) [7\.4.1Capacitance](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-4-1-capacitance) [7\.4.2Parallel Plate Capacitor](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-4-2-parallel-plate-capacitor) [7\.4.3Energy Stored by a Capacitor](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-4-3-energy-stored-by-a-capacitor) [7\.4.4Capacitor Discharge](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-4-4-capacitor-discharge) [7\.4.5Capacitor Charge](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-4-5-capacitor-charge) 7\.5 ### Magnetic Fields (A2 only) [7\.5.1Magnetic Flux Density](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-5-1-magnetic-flux-density) [7\.5.2End of Topic Test - Capacitance & Flux Density](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-5-2-end-of-topic-test-capacitance-and-flux-density) [7\.5.3Moving Charges in a Magnetic Field](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-5-3-moving-charges-in-a-magnetic-field) [7\.5.4Magnetic Flux & Flux Linkage](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-5-4-magnetic-flux-and-flux-linkage) [7\.5.5Electromagnetic Induction](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-5-5-electromagnetic-induction) [7\.5.6Electromagnetic Induction 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-5-6-electromagnetic-induction-2) [7\.5.7Alternating Currents](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-5-7-alternating-currents) [7\.5.8Operation of a Transformer](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-5-8-operation-of-a-transformer) [7\.5.9Magnetic Flux Density](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-5-9-magnetic-flux-density) [7\.5.10End of Topic Test - Electromagnetic Induction](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-5-10-end-of-topic-test-electromagnetic-induction) 8 ## Nuclear Physics (A2 only) 8\.1 ### Radioactivity (A2 only) [8\.1.1Rutherford Scattering](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/8-1-1-rutherford-scattering) [8\.1.2Alpha & Beta Radiation](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/8-1-2-alpha-and-beta-radiation) [8\.1.3Gamma Radiation](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/8-1-3-gamma-radiation) [8\.1.4Radioactive Decay](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/8-1-4-radioactive-decay) [8\.1.5Half Life](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/8-1-5-half-life) [8\.1.6End of Topic Test - Radioactivity](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/8-1-6-end-of-topic-test-radioactivity) [8\.1.7Nuclear Instability](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/8-1-7-nuclear-instability) [8\.1.8Nuclear Radius](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/8-1-8-nuclear-radius) [8\.1.9Mass & Energy](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/8-1-9-mass-and-energy) [8\.1.10Binding Energy](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/8-1-10-binding-energy) [8\.1.11Induced Fission](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/8-1-11-induced-fission) [8\.1.12Safety Aspects of Nuclear Reactors](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/8-1-12-safety-aspects-of-nuclear-reactors) [8\.1.13End of Topic Test - Nuclear Physics](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/8-1-13-end-of-topic-test-nuclear-physics) [8\.1.14A-A\* (AO3/4) - Nuclear Fusion](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/8-1-14-a-a-ao34-nuclear-fusion) 9 ## Option: Astrophysics (A2 only) 9\.1 ### Telescopes (A2 only) [9\.1.1Astronomical Telescopes](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/9-1-1-astronomical-telescopes) [9\.1.2Reflecting Telescopes](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/9-1-2-reflecting-telescopes) [9\.1.3Single Dish Radio Telescopes](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/9-1-3-single-dish-radio-telescopes) [9\.1.4Large Diameter Telescopes](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/9-1-4-large-diameter-telescopes) 9\.2 ### Classification of Stars (A2 only) [9\.2.1Classification by Luminosity](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/9-2-1-classification-by-luminosity) [9\.2.2Absolute Magnitude](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/9-2-2-absolute-magnitude) [9\.2.3Black Body Radiation](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/9-2-3-black-body-radiation) [9\.2.4Stellar Spectral Classes](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/9-2-4-stellar-spectral-classes) [9\.2.5Hertzsprung-Russell Diagrams](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/9-2-5-hertzsprung-russell-diagrams) [9\.2.6Astronomical Objects](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/9-2-6-astronomical-objects) 9\.3 ### Cosmology (A2 only) [9\.3.1Doppler Effect](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/9-3-1-doppler-effect) [9\.3.2Hubble's Law](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/9-3-2-hubbles-law) [9\.3.3Quasars](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/9-3-3-quasars) [9\.3.4Detecting Exoplanets](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/9-3-4-detecting-exoplanets) 10 ## Option: Medical Physics (A2 only) 10\.1 ### Physics of the Eye (A2 only) [10\.1.1Physics of Vision](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-1-1-physics-of-vision) [10\.1.2Defects of Vision](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-1-2-defects-of-vision) [10\.1.3Lenses](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-1-3-lenses) [10\.1.4Correcting Defects of Vision](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-1-4-correcting-defects-of-vision) 10\.2 ### Physics of the Ear (A2 only) [10\.2.1Structure of the Ear](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-2-1-structure-of-the-ear) [10\.2.2Sensitivity of the Ear](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-2-2-sensitivity-of-the-ear) [10\.2.3Hearing Defects](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-2-3-hearing-defects) 10\.3 ### Biological Measurement (A2 only) [10\.3.1Electrocardiography (ECG)](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-3-1-electrocardiography-ecg) 10\.4 ### Non-Ionising Imaging (A2 only) [10\.4.1Ultrasound Imaging](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-4-1-ultrasound-imaging) [10\.4.2Ultrasound Imaging 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-4-2-ultrasound-imaging-2) [10\.4.3Fibre Optics & Endoscopy](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-4-3-fibre-optics-and-endoscopy) [10\.4.4Magnetic Resonance Scanning](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-4-4-magnetic-resonance-scanning) 10\.5 ### X-Ray Imaging (A2 only) [10\.5.1Diagnostic X-Rays](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-5-1-diagnostic-x-rays) [10\.5.2X-Ray Image Processing](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-5-2-x-ray-image-processing) [10\.5.3Absorption of X-Rays](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-5-3-absorption-of-x-rays) [10\.5.4CT Scanners](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-5-4-ct-scanners) 10\.6 ### Radionuclide Imaging & Therapy (A2 only) [10\.6.1Imaging Techniques](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-6-1-imaging-techniques) [10\.6.2Half Life](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-6-2-half-life) [10\.6.3Gamma Camera](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-6-3-gamma-camera) [10\.6.4High Energy X-Rays](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-6-4-high-energy-x-rays) [10\.6.5Radioactive Implants](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-6-5-radioactive-implants) [10\.6.6Imaging Comparisons](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-6-6-imaging-comparisons) 11 ## Option: Engineering Physics (A2 only) 11\.1 ### Rotational Dynamics (A2 only) [11\.1.1Moment of Inertia](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/11-1-1-moment-of-inertia) [11\.1.2Rotational Kinetic Energy](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/11-1-2-rotational-kinetic-energy) [11\.1.3Rotational Motion](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/11-1-3-rotational-motion) [11\.1.4Torque & Angular Acceleration](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/11-1-4-torque-and-angular-acceleration) [11\.1.5Angular Momentum](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/11-1-5-angular-momentum) [11\.1.6Angular Work & Power](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/11-1-6-angular-work-and-power) 11\.2 ### Thermodynamics & Engines (A2 only) [11\.2.1First Law of Thermodynamics](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/11-2-1-first-law-of-thermodynamics) [11\.2.2Non-Flow Processes](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/11-2-2-non-flow-processes) [11\.2.3p-V Diagrams](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/11-2-3-p-v-diagrams) [11\.2.4Engine Cycles](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/11-2-4-engine-cycles) [11\.2.5Second Law & Engines](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/11-2-5-second-law-and-engines) [11\.2.6Reversed Heat Engines](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/11-2-6-reversed-heat-engines) 12 ## Option: Turning Points in Physics (A2 only) 12\.1 ### Discovery of the Electron (A2 only) [12\.1.1Cathode Rays](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/12-1-1-cathode-rays) [12\.1.2Thermionic Electron Emission](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/12-1-2-thermionic-electron-emission) [12\.1.3Electron Specific Charge](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/12-1-3-electron-specific-charge) [12\.1.4Millikan's Experiment](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/12-1-4-millikans-experiment) 12\.2 ### Wave-Particle Duality (A2 only) [12\.2.1Newton's & Huygen's Theories of Light](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/12-2-1-newtons-and-huygens-theories-of-light) [12\.2.2Electromagnetic Waves](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/12-2-2-electromagnetic-waves) [12\.2.3Photoelectricity](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/12-2-3-photoelectricity) [12\.2.4Wave-Particle Duality](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/12-2-4-wave-particle-duality) [12\.2.5Electron Microscopes](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/12-2-5-electron-microscopes) 12\.3 ### Special Relativity (A2 only) [12\.3.1Michelson-Morley Experiment](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/12-3-1-michelson-morley-experiment) [12\.3.2Einstein's Theory of Special Relativity](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/12-3-2-einsteins-theory-of-special-relativity) [12\.3.3Time Dilation](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/12-3-3-time-dilation) [12\.3.4Length Contraction](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/12-3-4-length-contraction) [12\.3.5Mass & Energy](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/12-3-5-mass-and-energy) Jump to other topics 1 ## Measurements & Errors 1\.1 ### Measurements & Errors [1\.1.1SI Base Units](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/1-1-1-si-base-units) [1\.1.2Combining SI Units](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/1-1-2-combining-si-units) [1\.1.3Prefixes of Units](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/1-1-3-prefixes-of-units) [1\.1.4Standard Form](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/1-1-4-standard-form) [1\.1.5Converting Units](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/1-1-5-converting-units) [1\.1.6End of Topic Test - Units & Prefixes](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/1-1-6-end-of-topic-test-units-and-prefixes) [1\.1.7Limitation of Physical Measurements](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/1-1-7-limitation-of-physical-measurements) [1\.1.8Uncertainty](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/1-1-8-uncertainty) [1\.1.9Estimation](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/1-1-9-estimation) [1\.1.10End of Topic Test - Measurements & Errors](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/1-1-10-end-of-topic-test-measurements-and-errors) [1\.1.11Diagnostic Misconceptions - Converting between SI](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/1-1-11-diagnostic-misconceptions-converting-between-si) [1\.1.12Diagnostic Misconceptions - SI & Area/Volume](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/1-1-12-diagnostic-misconceptions-si-and-areavolume) 2 ## Particles & Radiation 2\.1 ### Particles [2\.1.1Atomic Model](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-1-1-atomic-model) [2\.1.2Specific Charge, Protons & Neutron Numbers](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-1-2-specific-charge-protons-and-neutron-numbers) [2\.1.3End of Topic Test - Atomic Model](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-1-3-end-of-topic-test-atomic-model) [2\.1.4Isotopes](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-1-4-isotopes) [2\.1.5Stable & Unstable Nuclei](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-1-5-stable-and-unstable-nuclei) [2\.1.6End of Topic Test - Isotopes & Nuclei](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-1-6-end-of-topic-test-isotopes-and-nuclei) [2\.1.7A-A\* (AO3/4) - Stable & Unstable Nuclei](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-1-7-a-a-ao34-stable-and-unstable-nuclei) [2\.1.8Particles, Antiparticles & Photons](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-1-8-particles-antiparticles-and-photons) [2\.1.9Particle Interactions](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-1-9-particle-interactions) [2\.1.10Classification of Particles](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-1-10-classification-of-particles) [2\.1.11End of Topic Test - Particles & Interactions](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-1-11-end-of-topic-test-particles-and-interactions) [2\.1.12Quarks & Antiquarks](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-1-12-quarks-and-antiquarks) [2\.1.13Application of Conservation Laws](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-1-13-application-of-conservation-laws) [2\.1.14End of Topic Test - Leptons & Quarks](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-1-14-end-of-topic-test-leptons-and-quarks) [2\.1.15Exam-Style Question - Radioactive Decay](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-1-15-exam-style-question-radioactive-decay) 2\.2 ### Electromagnetic Radiation & Quantum Phenomena [2\.2.1The Photoelectric Effect](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-2-1-the-photoelectric-effect) [2\.2.2The Photoelectric Effect Explanation](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-2-2-the-photoelectric-effect-explanation) [2\.2.3End of Topic Test - The Photoelectric Effect](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-2-3-end-of-topic-test-the-photoelectric-effect) [2\.2.4Collisions of Electrons with Atoms](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-2-4-collisions-of-electrons-with-atoms) [2\.2.5Energy Levels & Photon Emission](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-2-5-energy-levels-and-photon-emission) [2\.2.6Wave-Particle Duality](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-2-6-wave-particle-duality) [2\.2.7End of Topic Test - Absorption & Emission](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-2-7-end-of-topic-test-absorption-and-emission) [2\.2.8Diagnostic Misconceptions - Electron Volts](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-2-8-diagnostic-misconceptions-electron-volts) [2\.2.9Diagnostic Misconceptions - Converting eV & Joules](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-2-9-diagnostic-misconceptions-converting-ev-and-joules) 3 ## Waves 3\.1 ### Progressive & Stationary Waves [3\.1.1Progressive Waves](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/3-1-1-progressive-waves) [3\.1.2Wave Speed & Phase Difference](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/3-1-2-wave-speed-and-phase-difference) [3\.1.3Longitudinal & Transverse Waves](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/3-1-3-longitudinal-and-transverse-waves) [3\.1.4End of Topic Test - Progressive Waves](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/3-1-4-end-of-topic-test-progressive-waves) [3\.1.5Polarisation](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/3-1-5-polarisation) [3\.1.6Stationary Waves](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/3-1-6-stationary-waves) [3\.1.7Stationary Waves 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/3-1-7-stationary-waves-2) [3\.1.8End of Topic Test - Polarisation & Stationary Wave](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/3-1-8-end-of-topic-test-polarisation-and-stationary-wave) [3\.1.9A-A\* (AO3/4) - Stationary Waves](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/3-1-9-a-a-ao34-stationary-waves) 3\.2 ### Refraction, Diffraction & Interference [3\.2.1Interference](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/3-2-1-interference) [3\.2.2Interference 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/3-2-2-interference-2) [3\.2.3End of Topic Test - Interference](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/3-2-3-end-of-topic-test-interference) [3\.2.4Diffraction](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/3-2-4-diffraction) [3\.2.5Diffraction Gratings](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/3-2-5-diffraction-gratings) [3\.2.6End of Topic Test - Diffraction](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/3-2-6-end-of-topic-test-diffraction) [3\.2.7Refraction at a Plane Surface](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/3-2-7-refraction-at-a-plane-surface) [3\.2.8Internal Reflection & Fibre Optics](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/3-2-8-internal-reflection-and-fibre-optics) [3\.2.9End of Topic Test - Refraction](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/3-2-9-end-of-topic-test-refraction) [3\.2.10Exam-Style Question - Waves](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/3-2-10-exam-style-question-waves) 4 ## Mechanics & Materials 4\.1 ### Force, Energy & Momentum [4\.1.1Scalars & Vectors](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-1-scalars-and-vectors) [4\.1.2Vector Problems](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-2-vector-problems) [4\.1.3End of Topic Test - Scalars & Vectors](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-3-end-of-topic-test-scalars-and-vectors) [4\.1.4Moments](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-4-moments) [4\.1.5Centre of Mass](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-5-centre-of-mass) [4\.1.6End of Topic Test - Moments & Centre of Mass](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-6-end-of-topic-test-moments-and-centre-of-mass) [4\.1.7Motion in a Straight Line](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-7-motion-in-a-straight-line) [4\.1.8Graphs of Motion](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-8-graphs-of-motion) [4\.1.9Bouncing Ball Example](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-9-bouncing-ball-example) [4\.1.10End of Topic Test - Motion in a Straight Line](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-10-end-of-topic-test-motion-in-a-straight-line) [4\.1.11Acceleration Due to Gravity](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-11-acceleration-due-to-gravity) [4\.1.12Projectile Motion](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-12-projectile-motion) [4\.1.13Friction](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-13-friction) [4\.1.14Terminal Speed](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-14-terminal-speed) [4\.1.15End of Topic Test - Acceleration Due to Gravity](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-15-end-of-topic-test-acceleration-due-to-gravity) [4\.1.16Newton's Laws](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-16-newtons-laws) [4\.1.17Momentum](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-17-momentum) [4\.1.18Momentum 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-18-momentum-2) [4\.1.19End of Topic Test - Newton's Laws & Momentum](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-19-end-of-topic-test-newtons-laws-and-momentum) [4\.1.20A-A\* (AO3/4) - Newton's Third Law](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-20-a-a-ao34-newtons-third-law) [4\.1.21Work & Energy](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-21-work-and-energy) [4\.1.22Power & Efficiency](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-22-power-and-efficiency) [4\.1.23Conservation of Energy](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-23-conservation-of-energy) [4\.1.24End of Topic Test - Work, Energy & Power](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-24-end-of-topic-test-work-energy-and-power) [4\.1.25Exam-Style Question - Forces](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-25-exam-style-question-forces) [4\.1.26Diagnostic Misconceptions - Perpendicular Vectors](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-26-diagnostic-misconceptions-perpendicular-vectors) [4\.1.27Diagnostic Misconceptions - Weight Acts Downwards](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-27-diagnostic-misconceptions-weight-acts-downwards) [4\.1.28Diagnostic Misconceptions - Acceleration Direction](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-28-diagnostic-misconceptions-acceleration-direction) [4\.1.29Diagnostic Misconceptions - Stationary Objects](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-29-diagnostic-misconceptions-stationary-objects) [4\.1.30Diagnostic Misconceptions - Action & Reaction](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-30-diagnostic-misconceptions-action-and-reaction) [4\.1.31Diagnostic Misconceptions - RF Direction](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-31-diagnostic-misconceptions-rf-direction) [4\.1.32Diagnostic Misconceptions - RF Acceleration](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-32-diagnostic-misconceptions-rf-acceleration) [4\.1.33Diagnostic Misconceptions - Change in Momentum](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-33-diagnostic-misconceptions-change-in-momentum) 4\.2 ### Materials [4\.2.1Density](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-2-1-density) [4\.2.2Bulk Properties of Solids](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-2-2-bulk-properties-of-solids) [4\.2.3Energy in Materials](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-2-3-energy-in-materials) [4\.2.4Young Modulus](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-2-4-young-modulus) [4\.2.5End of Topic Test - Materials](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-2-5-end-of-topic-test-materials) 5 ## Electricity 5\.1 ### Current Electricity [5\.1.1Basics of Electricity](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/5-1-1-basics-of-electricity) [5\.1.2Current-Voltage Characteristics](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/5-1-2-current-voltage-characteristics) [5\.1.3End of Topic Test - Basics of Electricity](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/5-1-3-end-of-topic-test-basics-of-electricity) [5\.1.4Resistivity](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/5-1-4-resistivity) [5\.1.5Superconductivity](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/5-1-5-superconductivity) [5\.1.6A-A\* (AO3/4) - Superconductivity](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/5-1-6-a-a-ao34-superconductivity) [5\.1.7End of Topic Test - Resistivity & Superconductors](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/5-1-7-end-of-topic-test-resistivity-and-superconductors) [5\.1.8Circuits](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/5-1-8-circuits) [5\.1.9Power and Conservation](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/5-1-9-power-and-conservation) [5\.1.10Potential Divider](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/5-1-10-potential-divider) [5\.1.11Emf & Internal Resistance](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/5-1-11-emf-and-internal-resistance) [5\.1.12End of Topic Test - Power & Potential](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/5-1-12-end-of-topic-test-power-and-potential) [5\.1.13Exam-Style Question - Resistance](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/5-1-13-exam-style-question-resistance) [5\.1.14Diagnostic Misconceptions - Constant Current](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/5-1-14-diagnostic-misconceptions-constant-current) [5\.1.15Diagnostic Misconceptions - Potential Difference](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/5-1-15-diagnostic-misconceptions-potential-difference) 6 ## Further Mechanics & Thermal Physics (A2 only) 6\.1 ### Periodic Motion (A2 only) [6\.1.1Circular Motion](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-1-1-circular-motion) [6\.1.2Circular Motion 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-1-2-circular-motion-2) [6\.1.3End of Topic Test - Circular Motion](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-1-3-end-of-topic-test-circular-motion) [6\.1.4Simple Harmonic Motion](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-1-4-simple-harmonic-motion) [6\.1.5Simple Harmonic Systems](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-1-5-simple-harmonic-systems) [6\.1.6Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-1-6-energy-in-simple-harmonic-motion) [6\.1.7Resonance](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-1-7-resonance) [6\.1.8End of Topic Test - Simple Harmonic Motion](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-1-8-end-of-topic-test-simple-harmonic-motion) [6\.1.9A-A\* (AO3/4) - Simple Harmonic Motion](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-1-9-a-a-ao34-simple-harmonic-motion) 6\.2 ### Thermal Physics (A2 only) [6\.2.1Thermal Energy Transfer](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-2-1-thermal-energy-transfer) [6\.2.2Thermal Energy Transfer Experiments](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-2-2-thermal-energy-transfer-experiments) [6\.2.3Ideal Gases](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-2-3-ideal-gases) [6\.2.4Ideal Gases 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-2-4-ideal-gases-2) [6\.2.5Boyle's Law & Charles' Law](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-2-5-boyles-law-and-charles-law) [6\.2.6Molecular Kinetic Theory Model](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-2-6-molecular-kinetic-theory-model) [6\.2.7Molecular Kinetic Theory Model 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-2-7-molecular-kinetic-theory-model-2) [6\.2.8End of Topic Test - Thermal Energy & Ideal Gases](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-2-8-end-of-topic-test-thermal-energy-and-ideal-gases) [6\.2.9Exam-Style Question - Ideal Gases](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-2-9-exam-style-question-ideal-gases) [6\.2.10Diagnostic Misconceptions - Material & Mass](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-2-10-diagnostic-misconceptions-material-and-mass) [6\.2.11Diagnostic Misconceptions - No Energy](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-2-11-diagnostic-misconceptions-no-energy) 7 ## Fields & Their Consequences (A2 only) 7\.1 ### Fields (A2 only) [7\.1.1Fields](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-1-1-fields) 7\.2 ### Gravitational Fields (A2 only) [7\.2.1Newton's Law](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-2-1-newtons-law) [7\.2.2Gravitational Field Strength](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-2-2-gravitational-field-strength) [7\.2.3Gravitational Potential](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-2-3-gravitational-potential) [7\.2.4Orbits of Planets & Satellites](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-2-4-orbits-of-planets-and-satellites) [7\.2.5Escape Velocity & Synchronous Orbits](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-2-5-escape-velocity-and-synchronous-orbits) [7\.2.6End of Topic Test - Gravitational Fields](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-2-6-end-of-topic-test-gravitational-fields) 7\.3 ### Electric Fields (A2 only) [7\.3.1Coulomb's Law](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-3-1-coulombs-law) [7\.3.2Electric Field Strength](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-3-2-electric-field-strength) [7\.3.3Electric Field Strength 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-3-3-electric-field-strength-2) [7\.3.4Electric Potential](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-3-4-electric-potential) [7\.3.5End of Topic Test - Electric Fields](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-3-5-end-of-topic-test-electric-fields) [7\.3.6A-A\* (AO3/4) - Electric and Gravitational Field](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-3-6-a-a-ao34-electric-and-gravitational-field) 7\.4 ### Capacitance (A2 only) [7\.4.1Capacitance](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-4-1-capacitance) [7\.4.2Parallel Plate Capacitor](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-4-2-parallel-plate-capacitor) [7\.4.3Energy Stored by a Capacitor](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-4-3-energy-stored-by-a-capacitor) [7\.4.4Capacitor Discharge](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-4-4-capacitor-discharge) [7\.4.5Capacitor Charge](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-4-5-capacitor-charge) 7\.5 ### Magnetic Fields (A2 only) [7\.5.1Magnetic Flux Density](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-5-1-magnetic-flux-density) [7\.5.2End of Topic Test - Capacitance & Flux Density](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-5-2-end-of-topic-test-capacitance-and-flux-density) [7\.5.3Moving Charges in a Magnetic Field](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-5-3-moving-charges-in-a-magnetic-field) [7\.5.4Magnetic Flux & Flux Linkage](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-5-4-magnetic-flux-and-flux-linkage) [7\.5.5Electromagnetic Induction](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-5-5-electromagnetic-induction) [7\.5.6Electromagnetic Induction 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-5-6-electromagnetic-induction-2) [7\.5.7Alternating Currents](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-5-7-alternating-currents) [7\.5.8Operation of a Transformer](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-5-8-operation-of-a-transformer) [7\.5.9Magnetic Flux Density](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-5-9-magnetic-flux-density) [7\.5.10End of Topic Test - Electromagnetic Induction](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-5-10-end-of-topic-test-electromagnetic-induction) 8 ## Nuclear Physics (A2 only) 8\.1 ### Radioactivity (A2 only) [8\.1.1Rutherford Scattering](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/8-1-1-rutherford-scattering) [8\.1.2Alpha & Beta Radiation](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/8-1-2-alpha-and-beta-radiation) [8\.1.3Gamma Radiation](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/8-1-3-gamma-radiation) [8\.1.4Radioactive Decay](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/8-1-4-radioactive-decay) [8\.1.5Half Life](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/8-1-5-half-life) [8\.1.6End of Topic Test - Radioactivity](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/8-1-6-end-of-topic-test-radioactivity) [8\.1.7Nuclear Instability](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/8-1-7-nuclear-instability) [8\.1.8Nuclear Radius](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/8-1-8-nuclear-radius) [8\.1.9Mass & Energy](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/8-1-9-mass-and-energy) [8\.1.10Binding Energy](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/8-1-10-binding-energy) [8\.1.11Induced Fission](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/8-1-11-induced-fission) [8\.1.12Safety Aspects of Nuclear Reactors](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/8-1-12-safety-aspects-of-nuclear-reactors) [8\.1.13End of Topic Test - Nuclear Physics](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/8-1-13-end-of-topic-test-nuclear-physics) [8\.1.14A-A\* (AO3/4) - Nuclear Fusion](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/8-1-14-a-a-ao34-nuclear-fusion) 9 ## Option: Astrophysics (A2 only) 9\.1 ### Telescopes (A2 only) [9\.1.1Astronomical Telescopes](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/9-1-1-astronomical-telescopes) [9\.1.2Reflecting Telescopes](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/9-1-2-reflecting-telescopes) [9\.1.3Single Dish Radio Telescopes](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/9-1-3-single-dish-radio-telescopes) [9\.1.4Large Diameter Telescopes](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/9-1-4-large-diameter-telescopes) 9\.2 ### Classification of Stars (A2 only) [9\.2.1Classification by Luminosity](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/9-2-1-classification-by-luminosity) [9\.2.2Absolute Magnitude](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/9-2-2-absolute-magnitude) [9\.2.3Black Body Radiation](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/9-2-3-black-body-radiation) [9\.2.4Stellar Spectral Classes](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/9-2-4-stellar-spectral-classes) [9\.2.5Hertzsprung-Russell Diagrams](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/9-2-5-hertzsprung-russell-diagrams) [9\.2.6Astronomical Objects](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/9-2-6-astronomical-objects) 9\.3 ### Cosmology (A2 only) [9\.3.1Doppler Effect](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/9-3-1-doppler-effect) [9\.3.2Hubble's Law](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/9-3-2-hubbles-law) [9\.3.3Quasars](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/9-3-3-quasars) [9\.3.4Detecting Exoplanets](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/9-3-4-detecting-exoplanets) 10 ## Option: Medical Physics (A2 only) 10\.1 ### Physics of the Eye (A2 only) [10\.1.1Physics of Vision](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-1-1-physics-of-vision) [10\.1.2Defects of Vision](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-1-2-defects-of-vision) [10\.1.3Lenses](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-1-3-lenses) [10\.1.4Correcting Defects of Vision](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-1-4-correcting-defects-of-vision) 10\.2 ### Physics of the Ear (A2 only) [10\.2.1Structure of the Ear](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-2-1-structure-of-the-ear) [10\.2.2Sensitivity of the Ear](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-2-2-sensitivity-of-the-ear) [10\.2.3Hearing Defects](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-2-3-hearing-defects) 10\.3 ### Biological Measurement (A2 only) [10\.3.1Electrocardiography (ECG)](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-3-1-electrocardiography-ecg) 10\.4 ### Non-Ionising Imaging (A2 only) [10\.4.1Ultrasound Imaging](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-4-1-ultrasound-imaging) [10\.4.2Ultrasound Imaging 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-4-2-ultrasound-imaging-2) [10\.4.3Fibre Optics & Endoscopy](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-4-3-fibre-optics-and-endoscopy) [10\.4.4Magnetic Resonance Scanning](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-4-4-magnetic-resonance-scanning) 10\.5 ### X-Ray Imaging (A2 only) [10\.5.1Diagnostic X-Rays](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-5-1-diagnostic-x-rays) [10\.5.2X-Ray Image Processing](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-5-2-x-ray-image-processing) [10\.5.3Absorption of X-Rays](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-5-3-absorption-of-x-rays) [10\.5.4CT Scanners](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-5-4-ct-scanners) 10\.6 ### Radionuclide Imaging & Therapy (A2 only) [10\.6.1Imaging Techniques](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-6-1-imaging-techniques) [10\.6.2Half Life](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-6-2-half-life) [10\.6.3Gamma Camera](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-6-3-gamma-camera) [10\.6.4High Energy X-Rays](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-6-4-high-energy-x-rays) [10\.6.5Radioactive Implants](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-6-5-radioactive-implants) [10\.6.6Imaging Comparisons](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-6-6-imaging-comparisons) 11 ## Option: Engineering Physics (A2 only) 11\.1 ### Rotational Dynamics (A2 only) [11\.1.1Moment of Inertia](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/11-1-1-moment-of-inertia) [11\.1.2Rotational Kinetic Energy](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/11-1-2-rotational-kinetic-energy) [11\.1.3Rotational Motion](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/11-1-3-rotational-motion) [11\.1.4Torque & Angular Acceleration](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/11-1-4-torque-and-angular-acceleration) [11\.1.5Angular Momentum](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/11-1-5-angular-momentum) [11\.1.6Angular Work & Power](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/11-1-6-angular-work-and-power) 11\.2 ### Thermodynamics & Engines (A2 only) [11\.2.1First Law of Thermodynamics](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/11-2-1-first-law-of-thermodynamics) [11\.2.2Non-Flow Processes](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/11-2-2-non-flow-processes) [11\.2.3p-V Diagrams](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/11-2-3-p-v-diagrams) [11\.2.4Engine Cycles](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/11-2-4-engine-cycles) [11\.2.5Second Law & Engines](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/11-2-5-second-law-and-engines) [11\.2.6Reversed Heat Engines](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/11-2-6-reversed-heat-engines) 12 ## Option: Turning Points in Physics (A2 only) 12\.1 ### Discovery of the Electron (A2 only) [12\.1.1Cathode Rays](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/12-1-1-cathode-rays) [12\.1.2Thermionic Electron Emission](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/12-1-2-thermionic-electron-emission) [12\.1.3Electron Specific Charge](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/12-1-3-electron-specific-charge) [12\.1.4Millikan's Experiment](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/12-1-4-millikans-experiment) 12\.2 ### Wave-Particle Duality (A2 only) [12\.2.1Newton's & Huygen's Theories of Light](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/12-2-1-newtons-and-huygens-theories-of-light) [12\.2.2Electromagnetic Waves](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/12-2-2-electromagnetic-waves) [12\.2.3Photoelectricity](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/12-2-3-photoelectricity) [12\.2.4Wave-Particle Duality](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/12-2-4-wave-particle-duality) [12\.2.5Electron Microscopes](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/12-2-5-electron-microscopes) 12\.3 ### Special Relativity (A2 only) [12\.3.1Michelson-Morley Experiment](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/12-3-1-michelson-morley-experiment) [12\.3.2Einstein's Theory of Special Relativity](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/12-3-2-einsteins-theory-of-special-relativity) [12\.3.3Time Dilation](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/12-3-3-time-dilation) [12\.3.4Length Contraction](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/12-3-4-length-contraction) [12\.3.5Mass & Energy](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/12-3-5-mass-and-energy) ## Practice questions on Electric Field Strength 2 Can you answer these? Test yourself with free interactive practice on Seneca — used by over 10 million students. 1. 1 [What is the equation for the field strength of a uniform field?](https://app.senecalearning.com/classroom/course/890da800-6a58-11e8-973c-cb81832c8407/section/34428716-7d22-4d5a-8bb9-d90dd96218f0/session)Multiple choice 2. 2 [In what direction do the field lines point in a uniform field?](https://app.senecalearning.com/classroom/course/890da800-6a58-11e8-973c-cb81832c8407/section/34428716-7d22-4d5a-8bb9-d90dd96218f0/session)Multiple choice 3. 3 [Which of the following forms of electromagnetic radiation are able to ionise particles?](https://app.senecalearning.com/classroom/course/890da800-6a58-11e8-973c-cb81832c8407/section/34428716-7d22-4d5a-8bb9-d90dd96218f0/session)Multiple choice 4. 4 [Which of the following forces does NOT act on the charged droplets as they initially fall in the chamber?](https://app.senecalearning.com/classroom/course/890da800-6a58-11e8-973c-cb81832c8407/section/34428716-7d22-4d5a-8bb9-d90dd96218f0/session)Multiple choice 5. 5 [If the positive plate is at the top of the chamber, which way will the oil droplets move when a potential difference is applied?](https://app.senecalearning.com/classroom/course/890da800-6a58-11e8-973c-cb81832c8407/section/34428716-7d22-4d5a-8bb9-d90dd96218f0/session)Multiple choice [Answer all questions on Electric Field Strength 2](https://app.senecalearning.com/classroom/course/890da800-6a58-11e8-973c-cb81832c8407/section/34428716-7d22-4d5a-8bb9-d90dd96218f0/session) ## Unlock your full potential with Seneca Premium - 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Readable Markdown	## [Work done in an Electric Field](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-3-3-electric-field-strength-2#work-done-in-an-electric-field) Two oppositely charged parallel plates provide a uniform electric field. Uniform fields have field lines that are equally spaced, straight and parallel. ![Moving between charged plates](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-08/2bfe98ab-e156-4d2c-9226-f6068384625a/Positive%20and%20negative%20plates,h_400,q_80,w_640.png) ### [Moving between charged plates](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-3-3-electric-field-strength-2#work-done-in-an-electric-field-moving-between-charged-plates) - The work done in moving a positively charged particle from the negative plate to the positive plate is: - W \= F × d W= F \\times d - Where F is a constant force acting on the charged particle and d is the separation of the plates. ![Derivation](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-08/675f0329-7aac-41bd-86ee-7a3f43f11684/Positive%20and%20negative%20plates,h_400,q_80,w_640.png) ### [Derivation](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-3-3-electric-field-strength-2#work-done-in-an-electric-field-derivation) - The work done in moving a positively charges particle is also, by definition: - W \= Q × Δ V W = Q \\times \\Delta V - These two expressions are equal to each other: - F × d \= Q × Δ V F\\times d=Q\\times \\Delta V ![Derivation 2](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-08/e3c70aad-b1bb-4789-b23a-156663d2499a/Positive%20and%20negative%20plates,h_400,q_80,w_640.png) ### [Derivation 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-GB/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-3-3-electric-field-strength-2#work-done-in-an-electric-field-derivation-2) - Rearranging this gives: - F Q \= Δ V d \\frac{F}{Q}=\\frac{\\Delta V}{d} - Because F Q \\frac{F}{Q} is defined as electric field strength, electric field strength between two parallel plates is: - E \= Δ V d E = \\frac{\\Delta V}{d}
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