🕷️ Crawler Inspector

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Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 71 (from laksa068)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa071.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://realpython.com/courses/python-metaclasses/\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://realpython.com/courses/python-metaclasses/\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/realpython.com\/courses\/python-metaclasses\/","crawl_time":1775546097,"first_indexed_time":1684246984,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"com,realpython!\/courses\/python-metaclasses\/ s443","src_root_hash":"13351397557425671","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Metaclasses in Python – Real Python","meta_descriptions":["Metaclasses are an important but mysterious behind-the-scenes mechanism for instantiating classes in Python. In this video course, you'll learn how Python's metaclasses work in object-oriented programming."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"In Python, everything is an object, even the classes that create objects. You\nused a class to instantiate an object instance, but classes themselves are\nalso instantiated behind the scenes. This mechanism is available to you as a\nprogrammer through the concept of metaclasses.\nMetaclasses allow you to hook\nwhen classes are created, and this technique is what’s behind magical\nframeworks like Django and SQLAlchemy where class definitions have side\neffects that impact databases.\nIn this course you’ll learn about how:\nEverything really is an object, including classes themselves\nThe\ntype()\nfunction works\nClasses instantiate objects and get instantiated themselves\nYou can hook class instantiation with the metaclass argument\nMetaclasses aren’t for the faint of heart, but they do allow you to do some magic. Plus, learning about them can help you understand what exactly happens behind the scenes when you instantiate a class.\nWhat’s Included:\n7 Lessons\nVideo Subtitles and Full Transcripts\n2 Downloadable Resources\nAccompanying Text-Based Tutorial\nQ&A With Python Experts: Ask a Question\nCertificate of Completion\nDownloadable Resources:\nCourse Slides (PDF)\nSample Code (ZIP)\nRelated Learning Paths:\nPython Metaprogramming","attrs_markdown":"[![Real Python](https:\/\/realpython.com\/static\/real-python-logo.893c30edea53.svg)](https:\/\/realpython.com\/)\n\n- [Start Here](https:\/\/realpython.com\/start-here\/)\n- [Learn Python](https:\/\/realpython.com\/courses\/python-metaclasses\/)\n  [Python Tutorials → In-depth articles and video courses](https:\/\/realpython.com\/search?kind=article&kind=course&order=newest)\n  \n  [Learning Paths → Guided study plans for accelerated learning](https:\/\/realpython.com\/learning-paths\/)\n  \n  [Quizzes & Exercises → Check your learning progress](https:\/\/realpython.com\/quizzes\/)\n  \n  [Browse Topics → Focus on a specific area or skill level](https:\/\/realpython.com\/tutorials\/all\/)\n  \n  [Community Chat → Learn with other Pythonistas](https:\/\/realpython.com\/community\/)\n  \n  [Office Hours → Live Q\\&A calls with Python experts](https:\/\/realpython.com\/office-hours\/)\n  \n  [Live Courses → Live, instructor-led Python courses](https:\/\/realpython.com\/live\/)\n  \n  [Podcast → Hear what’s new in the world of Python](https:\/\/realpython.com\/podcasts\/rpp\/)\n  \n  [Books → Round out your knowledge and learn offline](https:\/\/realpython.com\/products\/books\/)\n  \n  [Reference → Concise definitions for common Python terms](https:\/\/realpython.com\/ref\/)\n  \n  [Code Mentor →Beta Personalized code assistance & learning tools](https:\/\/realpython.com\/mentor\/)\n  \n  [Unlock All Content →](https:\/\/realpython.com\/account\/join\/)\n- [More](https:\/\/realpython.com\/courses\/python-metaclasses\/)\n  [Learner Stories](https:\/\/realpython.com\/learner-stories\/) [Python Newsletter](https:\/\/realpython.com\/newsletter\/) [Python Job Board](https:\/\/www.pythonjobshq.com\/) [Meet the Team](https:\/\/realpython.com\/team\/) [Become a Contributor](https:\/\/realpython.com\/jobs\/)\n\n- [Search](https:\/\/realpython.com\/search \"Search\")\n\n- [Join](https:\/\/realpython.com\/account\/join\/)\n- [Sign‑In](https:\/\/realpython.com\/account\/login\/?next=%2Fcourses%2Fpython-metaclasses%2F)\n\n[![Python Metaclasses and Metaprogramming](https:\/\/files.realpython.com\/media\/Python-Metaclasses_Watermarked.e11d11543ff2.jpg)](https:\/\/realpython.com\/courses\/python-metaclasses\/continue\/)\n\n# Metaclasses in Python\n[![Christopher Trudeau](https:\/\/realpython.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/width=1174,height=1174,fit=crop,gravity=auto,format=auto\/https:\/\/files.realpython.com\/media\/headshot_alt_crop.4769ad082e9a.jpeg)](https:\/\/realpython.com\/courses\/python-metaclasses\/#team)\n\n[Christopher Trudeau](https:\/\/realpython.com\/courses\/python-metaclasses\/#team) 7 Lessons\n\n51m\n\n[advanced](https:\/\/realpython.com\/tutorials\/advanced\/) [python](https:\/\/realpython.com\/tutorials\/python\/)\n\n[Start Now](https:\/\/realpython.com\/courses\/python-metaclasses\/continue\/)\n\n[Rate and Review](https:\/\/realpython.com\/feedback\/survey\/course\/python-metaclasses\/feedback\/?from=course)\n\nShare\n\nIn Python, everything is an object, even the classes that create objects. You used a class to instantiate an object instance, but classes themselves are also instantiated behind the scenes. This mechanism is available to you as a programmer through the concept of metaclasses.\n\nMetaclasses allow you to hook when classes are created, and this technique is what’s behind magical frameworks like Django and SQLAlchemy where class definitions have side effects that impact databases.\n\n**In this course you’ll learn about how:**\n\n- Everything really is an object, including classes themselves\n- The `type()` function works\n- Classes instantiate objects and get instantiated themselves\n- You can hook class instantiation with the metaclass argument\n\nMetaclasses aren’t for the faint of heart, but they do allow you to do some magic. Plus, learning about them can help you understand what exactly happens behind the scenes when you instantiate a class.\n\n**What’s Included:**\n\n- 7 Lessons\n- Video Subtitles and Full Transcripts\n- 2 Downloadable Resources\n- Accompanying Text-Based Tutorial\n- [Q\\&A With Python Experts: Ask a Question](https:\/\/realpython.com\/courses\/python-metaclasses\/discussion\/)\n- Certificate of Completion\n\n**Downloadable Resources:**\n\n- [Course Slides (PDF)](https:\/\/realpython.com\/courses\/python-metaclasses\/downloads\/python-metaclasses-slides\/)\n- [Sample Code (ZIP)](https:\/\/realpython.com\/courses\/python-metaclasses\/downloads\/python-metaclasses-code\/)\n\n**Related Learning Paths:**\n\n- [Python Metaprogramming](https:\/\/realpython.com\/learning-paths\/metaprogramming-in-python\/)\n\n[Start Now](https:\/\/realpython.com\/courses\/python-metaclasses\/continue\/)\n\n## Metaclasses in Python\n7 Lessons 51m\n\n[Start Now](https:\/\/realpython.com\/videos\/python-metaclasses-overview\/)\n\nAbout **Christopher Trudeau**\n\n[![Christopher Trudeau](https:\/\/realpython.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/width=1174,height=1174,fit=crop,gravity=auto,format=auto\/https:\/\/files.realpython.com\/media\/headshot_alt_crop.4769ad082e9a.jpeg) ![Christopher Trudeau](https:\/\/realpython.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/width=1174,height=1174,fit=crop,gravity=auto,format=auto\/https:\/\/files.realpython.com\/media\/headshot_alt_crop.4769ad082e9a.jpeg)](https:\/\/realpython.com\/team\/ctrudeau\/)\n\nChristopher has a passion for the Python language and writes, records, and podcasts for Real Python. He is a consultant who helps advise organizations on how to improve their technical teams.\n\n[» More about Christopher](https:\/\/realpython.com\/team\/ctrudeau\/)\n***\n*Each tutorial at Real Python is created by a team of developers so that it meets our high quality standards. The team members who worked on this tutorial are:*\n\n[![Aldren Santos](https:\/\/realpython.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/width=500,height=500,fit=crop,gravity=auto,format=auto\/https:\/\/files.realpython.com\/media\/Aldren_Santos_Real_Python.6b0861d8b841.png)](https:\/\/realpython.com\/team\/asantos\/)\n\n[Aldren](https:\/\/realpython.com\/team\/asantos\/)\n\n[![Christopher Bailey](https:\/\/realpython.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/width=1507,height=1507,fit=crop,gravity=auto,format=auto\/https:\/\/files.realpython.com\/media\/Chris_Tile_PS.fd8b8c0b8607.jpg)](https:\/\/realpython.com\/team\/cbailey\/)\n\n[Christopher](https:\/\/realpython.com\/team\/cbailey\/)\n\n[![Kate Finegan](https:\/\/realpython.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/width=400,height=400,fit=crop,gravity=auto,format=auto\/https:\/\/files.realpython.com\/media\/VZxEtUor_400x400.7169c68e3950.jpg)](https:\/\/realpython.com\/team\/kfinegan\/)\n\n[Kate](https:\/\/realpython.com\/team\/kfinegan\/)\n\n[![Tappan Moore](https:\/\/realpython.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/width=1200,height=1200,fit=crop,gravity=auto,format=auto\/https:\/\/files.realpython.com\/media\/SuitTrilby-PXL_20250504_001405673.MP.f582b62052f4.jpg)](https:\/\/realpython.com\/team\/tmoore\/)\n\n[Tappan](https:\/\/realpython.com\/team\/tmoore\/)\n\n[![John Sturtz](https:\/\/realpython.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/width=1920,height=1920,fit=crop,gravity=auto,format=auto\/https:\/\/files.realpython.com\/media\/real-python-logo-square.28474fda9228_1.146e987bf77c.png)](https:\/\/realpython.com\/team\/jsturtz\/)\n\n[John](https:\/\/realpython.com\/team\/jsturtz\/)\n\n[![Dan Bader](https:\/\/realpython.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/width=1000,height=1000,fit=crop,gravity=auto,format=auto\/https:\/\/files.realpython.com\/media\/daniel-square.d58bf4388750.jpg)](https:\/\/realpython.com\/team\/dbader\/)\n\n[Dan](https:\/\/realpython.com\/team\/dbader\/)\n\n[![Joanna Jablonski](https:\/\/realpython.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/width=800,height=800,fit=crop,gravity=auto,format=auto\/https:\/\/files.realpython.com\/media\/jjablonksi-avatar.e37c4f83308e.jpg)](https:\/\/realpython.com\/team\/jjablonski\/)\n\n[Joanna](https:\/\/realpython.com\/team\/jjablonski\/)\n\n#### Related Courses:\n[![Python Descriptors: An Introduction](https:\/\/files.realpython.com\/media\/Python-Descriptors_Watermarked.6e3274d987a2.jpg)](https:\/\/realpython.com\/courses\/python-descriptors\/?utm_source=realpython&utm_medium=web&utm_campaign=related-course&utm_content=python-metaclasses)\n\n[Python Descriptors](https:\/\/realpython.com\/courses\/python-descriptors\/?utm_source=realpython&utm_medium=web&utm_campaign=related-course&utm_content=python-metaclasses)\n\n[![Get Started With FastAPI](https:\/\/files.realpython.com\/media\/Getting-Started-With-FastAPI_Watermarked.c54d01d33243.jpg)](https:\/\/realpython.com\/courses\/start-building-with-fastapi\/?utm_source=realpython&utm_medium=web&utm_campaign=related-course&utm_content=python-metaclasses)\n\n[Start Building With FastAPI](https:\/\/realpython.com\/courses\/start-building-with-fastapi\/?utm_source=realpython&utm_medium=web&utm_campaign=related-course&utm_content=python-metaclasses)\n\n[![Using the Terminal on Windows](https:\/\/files.realpython.com\/media\/Using-the-Terminal-on-Windows_Watermarked.673920731e65.jpg)](https:\/\/realpython.com\/courses\/using-terminal-windows\/?utm_source=realpython&utm_medium=web&utm_campaign=related-course&utm_content=python-metaclasses)\n\n[Using the Terminal on Windows](https:\/\/realpython.com\/courses\/using-terminal-windows\/?utm_source=realpython&utm_medium=web&utm_campaign=related-course&utm_content=python-metaclasses)\n\n[← Browse All Courses](https:\/\/realpython.com\/search?kind=course)\n\n##### Learn Python\n- [Start Here](https:\/\/realpython.com\/start-here\/)\n- [Learning Resources](https:\/\/realpython.com\/search)\n- [Code Mentor](https:\/\/realpython.com\/mentor\/)\n- [Python Reference](https:\/\/realpython.com\/ref\/)\n- [Python Cheat Sheet](https:\/\/realpython.com\/cheatsheets\/python\/)\n- [Support Center](https:\/\/support.realpython.com\/)\n\n##### Courses & Paths\n- [Learning Paths](https:\/\/realpython.com\/learning-paths\/)\n- [Quizzes & Exercises](https:\/\/realpython.com\/quizzes\/)\n- [Browse Topics](https:\/\/realpython.com\/tutorials\/all\/)\n- [Live Courses](https:\/\/realpython.com\/live\/)\n- [Books](https:\/\/realpython.com\/books\/)\n\n##### Community\n- [Podcast](https:\/\/realpython.com\/podcasts\/rpp\/)\n- [Newsletter](https:\/\/realpython.com\/newsletter\/)\n- [Community Chat](https:\/\/realpython.com\/community\/)\n- [Office Hours](https:\/\/realpython.com\/office-hours\/)\n- [Learner Stories](https:\/\/realpython.com\/learner-stories\/)\n\n##### Membership\n- [Plans & Pricing](https:\/\/realpython.com\/account\/join\/)\n- [Team Plans](https:\/\/realpython.com\/account\/join-team\/)\n- [For Business](https:\/\/realpython.com\/account\/join-team\/inquiry\/)\n- [For Schools](https:\/\/realpython.com\/account\/join-team\/education-inquiry\/)\n- [Reviews](https:\/\/realpython.com\/learner-stories\/)\n\n##### Company\n- [About Us](https:\/\/realpython.com\/about\/)\n- [Team](https:\/\/realpython.com\/team\/)\n- [Mission & Values](https:\/\/realpython.com\/mission\/)\n- [Editorial Guidelines](https:\/\/realpython.com\/editorial-guidelines\/)\n- [Sponsorships](https:\/\/realpython.com\/sponsorships\/)\n- [Careers](https:\/\/realpython.workable.com\/)\n- [Press Kit](https:\/\/realpython.com\/media-kit\/)\n- [Merch](https:\/\/realpython.com\/merch)\n\n[Privacy Policy](https:\/\/realpython.com\/privacy-policy\/) ⋅ [Terms of Use](https:\/\/realpython.com\/terms\/) ⋅ [Security](https:\/\/realpython.com\/security\/) ⋅ [Contact](https:\/\/realpython.com\/contact\/)\n\nHappy Pythoning\\!\n\n© 2012–2026 DevCademy Media Inc. DBA Real Python. All rights reserved.  \n REALPYTHON™ is a trademark of DevCademy Media Inc.\n\n[![Real Python - Online Python Training (logo)](https:\/\/realpython.com\/static\/real-python-logo-primary.973743b6d39d.svg)](https:\/\/realpython.com\/)\n\n![](https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/tr?id=2220911568135371&ev=PageView&noscript=1)","attrs_readable_markdown":"In Python, everything is an object, even the classes that create objects. You used a class to instantiate an object instance, but classes themselves are also instantiated behind the scenes. This mechanism is available to you as a programmer through the concept of metaclasses.\n\nMetaclasses allow you to hook when classes are created, and this technique is what’s behind magical frameworks like Django and SQLAlchemy where class definitions have side effects that impact databases.\n\n**In this course you’ll learn about how:**\n\n- Everything really is an object, including classes themselves\n- The `type()` function works\n- Classes instantiate objects and get instantiated themselves\n- You can hook class instantiation with the metaclass argument\n\nMetaclasses aren’t for the faint of heart, but they do allow you to do some magic. Plus, learning about them can help you understand what exactly happens behind the scenes when you instantiate a class.\n\n**What’s Included:**\n\n- 7 Lessons\n- Video Subtitles and Full Transcripts\n- 2 Downloadable Resources\n- Accompanying Text-Based Tutorial\n- [Q\\&A With Python Experts: Ask a Question](https:\/\/realpython.com\/courses\/python-metaclasses\/discussion\/)\n- Certificate of Completion\n\n**Downloadable Resources:**\n\n- [Course Slides (PDF)](https:\/\/realpython.com\/courses\/python-metaclasses\/downloads\/python-metaclasses-slides\/)\n- [Sample Code (ZIP)](https:\/\/realpython.com\/courses\/python-metaclasses\/downloads\/python-metaclasses-code\/)\n\n**Related Learning Paths:**\n\n- [Python Metaprogramming](https:\/\/realpython.com\/learning-paths\/metaprogramming-in-python\/)","meta_canonical":null}

3. Robots.txt Check

Query:

Response:

4. Spam/Ban Check

Query:

Response:

5. Seen Status Check

ℹ️ Skipped - page is already crawled

📄

INDEXABLE

✅

CRAWLED

2 hours ago

🤖

ROBOTS ALLOWED

Page Info Filters

Filter	Status	Condition	Details
HTTP status	PASS	`download_http_code = 200`	HTTP 200
Age cutoff	PASS	`download_stamp > now() - 6 MONTH`	0 months ago
History drop	PASS	`isNull(history_drop_reason)`	No drop reason
Spam/ban	PASS	`fh_dont_index != 1 AND ml_spam_score = 0`	ml_spam_score=0
Canonical	PASS	`meta_canonical IS NULL OR = '' OR = src_unparsed`	Not set

Page Details

Property	Value
URL	https://realpython.com/courses/python-metaclasses/
Last Crawled	2026-04-07 07:14:57 (2 hours ago)
First Indexed	2023-05-16 14:23:04 (2 years ago)
HTTP Status Code	200
Meta Title	Metaclasses in Python – Real Python
Meta Description	Metaclasses are an important but mysterious behind-the-scenes mechanism for instantiating classes in Python. In this video course, you'll learn how Python's metaclasses work in object-oriented programming.
Meta Canonical	null
Boilerpipe Text	In Python, everything is an object, even the classes that create objects. You used a class to instantiate an object instance, but classes themselves are also instantiated behind the scenes. This mechanism is available to you as a programmer through the concept of metaclasses. Metaclasses allow you to hook when classes are created, and this technique is what’s behind magical frameworks like Django and SQLAlchemy where class definitions have side effects that impact databases. In this course you’ll learn about how: Everything really is an object, including classes themselves The type() function works Classes instantiate objects and get instantiated themselves You can hook class instantiation with the metaclass argument Metaclasses aren’t for the faint of heart, but they do allow you to do some magic. Plus, learning about them can help you understand what exactly happens behind the scenes when you instantiate a class. What’s Included: 7 Lessons Video Subtitles and Full Transcripts 2 Downloadable Resources Accompanying Text-Based Tutorial Q&A With Python Experts: Ask a Question Certificate of Completion Downloadable Resources: Course Slides (PDF) Sample Code (ZIP) Related Learning Paths: Python Metaprogramming
Markdown	[![Real Python](https://realpython.com/static/real-python-logo.893c30edea53.svg)](https://realpython.com/) - [Start Here](https://realpython.com/start-here/) - [Learn Python](https://realpython.com/courses/python-metaclasses/) [Python Tutorials → In-depth articles and video courses](https://realpython.com/search?kind=article&kind=course&order=newest) [Learning Paths → Guided study plans for accelerated learning](https://realpython.com/learning-paths/) [Quizzes & Exercises → Check your learning progress](https://realpython.com/quizzes/) [Browse Topics → Focus on a specific area or skill level](https://realpython.com/tutorials/all/) [Community Chat → Learn with other Pythonistas](https://realpython.com/community/) [Office Hours → Live Q\&A calls with Python experts](https://realpython.com/office-hours/) [Live Courses → Live, instructor-led Python courses](https://realpython.com/live/) [Podcast → Hear what’s new in the world of Python](https://realpython.com/podcasts/rpp/) [Books → Round out your knowledge and learn offline](https://realpython.com/products/books/) [Reference → Concise definitions for common Python terms](https://realpython.com/ref/) [Code Mentor →Beta Personalized code assistance & learning tools](https://realpython.com/mentor/) [Unlock All Content →](https://realpython.com/account/join/) - [More](https://realpython.com/courses/python-metaclasses/) [Learner Stories](https://realpython.com/learner-stories/) [Python Newsletter](https://realpython.com/newsletter/) [Python Job Board](https://www.pythonjobshq.com/) [Meet the Team](https://realpython.com/team/) [Become a Contributor](https://realpython.com/jobs/) - [Search](https://realpython.com/search "Search") - [Join](https://realpython.com/account/join/) - [Sign‑In](https://realpython.com/account/login/?next=%2Fcourses%2Fpython-metaclasses%2F) [![Python Metaclasses and Metaprogramming](https://files.realpython.com/media/Python-Metaclasses_Watermarked.e11d11543ff2.jpg)](https://realpython.com/courses/python-metaclasses/continue/) # Metaclasses in Python [![Christopher Trudeau](https://realpython.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=1174,height=1174,fit=crop,gravity=auto,format=auto/https://files.realpython.com/media/headshot_alt_crop.4769ad082e9a.jpeg)](https://realpython.com/courses/python-metaclasses/#team) [Christopher Trudeau](https://realpython.com/courses/python-metaclasses/#team) 7 Lessons 51m [advanced](https://realpython.com/tutorials/advanced/) [python](https://realpython.com/tutorials/python/) [Start Now](https://realpython.com/courses/python-metaclasses/continue/) [Rate and Review](https://realpython.com/feedback/survey/course/python-metaclasses/feedback/?from=course) Share In Python, everything is an object, even the classes that create objects. You used a class to instantiate an object instance, but classes themselves are also instantiated behind the scenes. This mechanism is available to you as a programmer through the concept of metaclasses. Metaclasses allow you to hook when classes are created, and this technique is what’s behind magical frameworks like Django and SQLAlchemy where class definitions have side effects that impact databases. In this course you’ll learn about how: - Everything really is an object, including classes themselves - The `type()` function works - Classes instantiate objects and get instantiated themselves - You can hook class instantiation with the metaclass argument Metaclasses aren’t for the faint of heart, but they do allow you to do some magic. Plus, learning about them can help you understand what exactly happens behind the scenes when you instantiate a class. What’s Included: - 7 Lessons - Video Subtitles and Full Transcripts - 2 Downloadable Resources - Accompanying Text-Based Tutorial - [Q\&A With Python Experts: Ask a Question](https://realpython.com/courses/python-metaclasses/discussion/) - Certificate of Completion Downloadable Resources: - [Course Slides (PDF)](https://realpython.com/courses/python-metaclasses/downloads/python-metaclasses-slides/) - [Sample Code (ZIP)](https://realpython.com/courses/python-metaclasses/downloads/python-metaclasses-code/) Related Learning Paths: - [Python Metaprogramming](https://realpython.com/learning-paths/metaprogramming-in-python/) [Start Now](https://realpython.com/courses/python-metaclasses/continue/) ## Metaclasses in Python 7 Lessons 51m [Start Now](https://realpython.com/videos/python-metaclasses-overview/) About Christopher Trudeau [![Christopher Trudeau](https://realpython.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=1174,height=1174,fit=crop,gravity=auto,format=auto/https://files.realpython.com/media/headshot_alt_crop.4769ad082e9a.jpeg) ![Christopher Trudeau](https://realpython.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=1174,height=1174,fit=crop,gravity=auto,format=auto/https://files.realpython.com/media/headshot_alt_crop.4769ad082e9a.jpeg)](https://realpython.com/team/ctrudeau/) Christopher has a passion for the Python language and writes, records, and podcasts for Real Python. He is a consultant who helps advise organizations on how to improve their technical teams. [» More about Christopher](https://realpython.com/team/ctrudeau/) *** Each tutorial at Real Python is created by a team of developers so that it meets our high quality standards. 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Readable Markdown	In Python, everything is an object, even the classes that create objects. You used a class to instantiate an object instance, but classes themselves are also instantiated behind the scenes. This mechanism is available to you as a programmer through the concept of metaclasses. Metaclasses allow you to hook when classes are created, and this technique is what’s behind magical frameworks like Django and SQLAlchemy where class definitions have side effects that impact databases. In this course you’ll learn about how: - Everything really is an object, including classes themselves - The `type()` function works - Classes instantiate objects and get instantiated themselves - You can hook class instantiation with the metaclass argument Metaclasses aren’t for the faint of heart, but they do allow you to do some magic. Plus, learning about them can help you understand what exactly happens behind the scenes when you instantiate a class. What’s Included: - 7 Lessons - Video Subtitles and Full Transcripts - 2 Downloadable Resources - Accompanying Text-Based Tutorial - [Q\&A With Python Experts: Ask a Question](https://realpython.com/courses/python-metaclasses/discussion/) - Certificate of Completion Downloadable Resources: - [Course Slides (PDF)](https://realpython.com/courses/python-metaclasses/downloads/python-metaclasses-slides/) - [Sample Code (ZIP)](https://realpython.com/courses/python-metaclasses/downloads/python-metaclasses-code/) Related Learning Paths: - [Python Metaprogramming](https://realpython.com/learning-paths/metaprogramming-in-python/)
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