ℹ️ Skipped - page is already crawled
| Filter | Status | Condition | Details |
|---|---|---|---|
| HTTP status | PASS | download_http_code = 200 | HTTP 200 |
| Age cutoff | FAIL | download_stamp > now() - 6 MONTH | 7.9 months ago |
| History drop | FAIL | isNull(history_drop_reason) | tooold |
| Spam/ban | PASS | fh_dont_index != 1 AND ml_spam_score = 0 | ml_spam_score=0 |
| Canonical | PASS | meta_canonical IS NULL OR = '' OR = src_unparsed | Not set |
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| URL | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32107352/ |
| Last Crawled | 2025-08-14 14:11:58 (7 months ago) |
| First Indexed | not set |
| HTTP Status Code | 200 |
| Meta Title | Injury characteristics of the Pulse Nightclub shooting: Lessons for mass casualty incident preparation |
| Meta Description | Epidemiological Study, level V. |
| Meta Canonical | null |
| Boilerpipe Text |
Background:
On the morning of June 12, 2016, an armed assailant entered the Pulse Nightclub in Orlando, Florida, and initiated an assault that killed 49 people and injured 53. The regional Level I trauma center and two community hospitals responded to this mass casualty incident. A detailed analysis was performed to guide hospitals who strive to prepare for future similar events.
Methods:
A retrospective review of all victim charts and/or autopsy reports was performed to identify victim presentation patterns, injuries sustained, and surgical resources required. Patients were stratified into three groups: survivors who received care at the regional Level I trauma center, survivors who received care at one of two local community hospitals, and decedents.
Results:
Of the 102 victims, 40 died at the scene and 9 died upon arrival to the Level I trauma center. The remaining 53 victims received definitive medical care and survived. Twenty-nine victims were admitted to the trauma center and five victims to a community hospital. The remaining 19 victims were treated and discharged that day. Decedents sustained significantly more bullet impacts than survivors (4 ± 3 vs. 2 ± 1; p = 0.008) and body regions injured (3 ± 1 vs. 2 ± 1; p = 0.0002). Gunshots to the head, chest, and abdominal body regions were significantly more common among decedents than survivors (p < 0.0001). Eighty-two percent of admitted patients required surgery in the first 24 hours. Essential resources in the first 24 hours included trauma surgeons, emergency room physicians, orthopedic/hand surgeons, anesthesiologists, vascular surgeons, interventional radiologists, intensivists, and hospitalists.
Conclusion:
Mass shooting events are associated with high mortality. Survivors commonly sustain multiple, life-threatening ballistic injuries requiring emergent surgery and extensive hospital resources. Given the increasing frequency of mass shootings, all hospitals must have a coordinated plan to respond to a mass casualty event.
Level of evidence:
Epidemiological Study, level V.
|
| Markdown | # Injury characteristics of the Pulse Nightclub shooting: Lessons for mass casualty incident preparation
J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2020 Mar;88(3):372-378. doi: 10.1097/TA.0000000000002574.
### Authors
[Chadwick P Smith](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Smith+CP&cauthor_id=32107352) [1](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32107352/#affiliation-1 "From the Department of Surgical Education (C.P.S., M.L.C., K.S., H.E., J.A.I., M.W.L., W.S.H., M.S.L.) Orlando Health-Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, FL; Graduate Medical Education, General Surgery Residency (M.G., W.S.E), Advent Health, Orlando, FL.") , [Michael L Cheatham](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Cheatham+ML&cauthor_id=32107352), [Karen Safcsak](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Safcsak+K&cauthor_id=32107352), [Heidi Emrani](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Emrani+H&cauthor_id=32107352), [Joseph A Ibrahim](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ibrahim+JA&cauthor_id=32107352), [Michael Gregg](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Gregg+M&cauthor_id=32107352), [William S Eubanks](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Eubanks+WS&cauthor_id=32107352), [Matthew W Lube](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Lube+MW&cauthor_id=32107352), [William S Havron](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Havron+WS&cauthor_id=32107352), [Marc S Levy](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Levy+MS&cauthor_id=32107352)
### Affiliation
- 1 From the Department of Surgical Education (C.P.S., M.L.C., K.S., H.E., J.A.I., M.W.L., W.S.H., M.S.L.) Orlando Health-Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, FL; Graduate Medical Education, General Surgery Residency (M.G., W.S.E), Advent Health, Orlando, FL.
- PMID: [32107352](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32107352/)
- DOI: [10\.1097/TA.0000000000002574](https://doi.org/10.1097/ta.0000000000002574)
## Abstract
**Background:** On the morning of June 12, 2016, an armed assailant entered the Pulse Nightclub in Orlando, Florida, and initiated an assault that killed 49 people and injured 53. The regional Level I trauma center and two community hospitals responded to this mass casualty incident. A detailed analysis was performed to guide hospitals who strive to prepare for future similar events.
**Methods:** A retrospective review of all victim charts and/or autopsy reports was performed to identify victim presentation patterns, injuries sustained, and surgical resources required. Patients were stratified into three groups: survivors who received care at the regional Level I trauma center, survivors who received care at one of two local community hospitals, and decedents.
**Results:** Of the 102 victims, 40 died at the scene and 9 died upon arrival to the Level I trauma center. The remaining 53 victims received definitive medical care and survived. Twenty-nine victims were admitted to the trauma center and five victims to a community hospital. The remaining 19 victims were treated and discharged that day. Decedents sustained significantly more bullet impacts than survivors (4 ± 3 vs. 2 ± 1; p = 0.008) and body regions injured (3 ± 1 vs. 2 ± 1; p = 0.0002). Gunshots to the head, chest, and abdominal body regions were significantly more common among decedents than survivors (p \< 0.0001). Eighty-two percent of admitted patients required surgery in the first 24 hours. Essential resources in the first 24 hours included trauma surgeons, emergency room physicians, orthopedic/hand surgeons, anesthesiologists, vascular surgeons, interventional radiologists, intensivists, and hospitalists.
**Conclusion:** Mass shooting events are associated with high mortality. Survivors commonly sustain multiple, life-threatening ballistic injuries requiring emergent surgery and extensive hospital resources. Given the increasing frequency of mass shootings, all hospitals must have a coordinated plan to respond to a mass casualty event.
**Level of evidence:** Epidemiological Study, level V.
## MeSH terms
- Disaster Planning / organization & administration\*
- Emergency Medical Services / organization & administration\*
- Florida / epidemiology
- Hospitals, Community / organization & administration
- Humans
- Mass Casualty Incidents\*
- Retrospective Studies
- Trauma Centers / organization & administration
- Wounds, Gunshot / mortality
- Wounds, Gunshot / therapy\* |
| Readable Markdown | null |
| Shard | 129 (laksa) |
| Root Hash | 7295144728021232729 |
| Unparsed URL | gov,nih!nlm,ncbi,pubmed,/32107352/ s443 |