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URLhttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32107352/
Last Crawled2025-08-14 14:11:58 (7 months ago)
First Indexednot set
HTTP Status Code200
Meta TitleInjury characteristics of the Pulse Nightclub shooting: Lessons for mass casualty incident preparation
Meta DescriptionEpidemiological Study, level V.
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Background: On the morning of June 12, 2016, an armed assailant entered the Pulse Nightclub in Orlando, Florida, and initiated an assault that killed 49 people and injured 53. The regional Level I trauma center and two community hospitals responded to this mass casualty incident. A detailed analysis was performed to guide hospitals who strive to prepare for future similar events. Methods: A retrospective review of all victim charts and/or autopsy reports was performed to identify victim presentation patterns, injuries sustained, and surgical resources required. Patients were stratified into three groups: survivors who received care at the regional Level I trauma center, survivors who received care at one of two local community hospitals, and decedents. Results: Of the 102 victims, 40 died at the scene and 9 died upon arrival to the Level I trauma center. The remaining 53 victims received definitive medical care and survived. Twenty-nine victims were admitted to the trauma center and five victims to a community hospital. The remaining 19 victims were treated and discharged that day. Decedents sustained significantly more bullet impacts than survivors (4 ± 3 vs. 2 ± 1; p = 0.008) and body regions injured (3 ± 1 vs. 2 ± 1; p = 0.0002). Gunshots to the head, chest, and abdominal body regions were significantly more common among decedents than survivors (p < 0.0001). Eighty-two percent of admitted patients required surgery in the first 24 hours. Essential resources in the first 24 hours included trauma surgeons, emergency room physicians, orthopedic/hand surgeons, anesthesiologists, vascular surgeons, interventional radiologists, intensivists, and hospitalists. Conclusion: Mass shooting events are associated with high mortality. Survivors commonly sustain multiple, life-threatening ballistic injuries requiring emergent surgery and extensive hospital resources. Given the increasing frequency of mass shootings, all hospitals must have a coordinated plan to respond to a mass casualty event. Level of evidence: Epidemiological Study, level V.
Markdown
# Injury characteristics of the Pulse Nightclub shooting: Lessons for mass casualty incident preparation J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2020 Mar;88(3):372-378. doi: 10.1097/TA.0000000000002574. ### Authors [Chadwick P Smith](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Smith+CP&cauthor_id=32107352) [1](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32107352/#affiliation-1 "From the Department of Surgical Education (C.P.S., M.L.C., K.S., H.E., J.A.I., M.W.L., W.S.H., M.S.L.) Orlando Health-Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, FL; Graduate Medical Education, General Surgery Residency (M.G., W.S.E), Advent Health, Orlando, FL.") , [Michael L Cheatham](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Cheatham+ML&cauthor_id=32107352), [Karen Safcsak](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Safcsak+K&cauthor_id=32107352), [Heidi Emrani](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Emrani+H&cauthor_id=32107352), [Joseph A Ibrahim](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ibrahim+JA&cauthor_id=32107352), [Michael Gregg](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Gregg+M&cauthor_id=32107352), [William S Eubanks](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Eubanks+WS&cauthor_id=32107352), [Matthew W Lube](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Lube+MW&cauthor_id=32107352), [William S Havron](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Havron+WS&cauthor_id=32107352), [Marc S Levy](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Levy+MS&cauthor_id=32107352) ### Affiliation - 1 From the Department of Surgical Education (C.P.S., M.L.C., K.S., H.E., J.A.I., M.W.L., W.S.H., M.S.L.) Orlando Health-Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, FL; Graduate Medical Education, General Surgery Residency (M.G., W.S.E), Advent Health, Orlando, FL. - PMID: [32107352](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32107352/) - DOI: [10\.1097/TA.0000000000002574](https://doi.org/10.1097/ta.0000000000002574) ## Abstract **Background:** On the morning of June 12, 2016, an armed assailant entered the Pulse Nightclub in Orlando, Florida, and initiated an assault that killed 49 people and injured 53. The regional Level I trauma center and two community hospitals responded to this mass casualty incident. A detailed analysis was performed to guide hospitals who strive to prepare for future similar events. **Methods:** A retrospective review of all victim charts and/or autopsy reports was performed to identify victim presentation patterns, injuries sustained, and surgical resources required. Patients were stratified into three groups: survivors who received care at the regional Level I trauma center, survivors who received care at one of two local community hospitals, and decedents. **Results:** Of the 102 victims, 40 died at the scene and 9 died upon arrival to the Level I trauma center. The remaining 53 victims received definitive medical care and survived. Twenty-nine victims were admitted to the trauma center and five victims to a community hospital. The remaining 19 victims were treated and discharged that day. Decedents sustained significantly more bullet impacts than survivors (4 ± 3 vs. 2 ± 1; p = 0.008) and body regions injured (3 ± 1 vs. 2 ± 1; p = 0.0002). Gunshots to the head, chest, and abdominal body regions were significantly more common among decedents than survivors (p \< 0.0001). Eighty-two percent of admitted patients required surgery in the first 24 hours. Essential resources in the first 24 hours included trauma surgeons, emergency room physicians, orthopedic/hand surgeons, anesthesiologists, vascular surgeons, interventional radiologists, intensivists, and hospitalists. **Conclusion:** Mass shooting events are associated with high mortality. Survivors commonly sustain multiple, life-threatening ballistic injuries requiring emergent surgery and extensive hospital resources. Given the increasing frequency of mass shootings, all hospitals must have a coordinated plan to respond to a mass casualty event. **Level of evidence:** Epidemiological Study, level V. ## MeSH terms - Disaster Planning / organization & administration\* - Emergency Medical Services / organization & administration\* - Florida / epidemiology - Hospitals, Community / organization & administration - Humans - Mass Casualty Incidents\* - Retrospective Studies - Trauma Centers / organization & administration - Wounds, Gunshot / mortality - Wounds, Gunshot / therapy\*
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Shard129 (laksa)
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Unparsed URLgov,nih!nlm,ncbi,pubmed,/32107352/ s443