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Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 89 (from laksa192)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa089.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://psychcentral.com/schizophrenia/top-10-signs-of-schizophrenia\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://psychcentral.com/schizophrenia/top-10-signs-of-schizophrenia\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/schizophrenia\/top-10-signs-of-schizophrenia","crawl_time":1776712685,"first_indexed_time":1620234995,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"com,psychcentral!\/schizophrenia\/top-10-signs-of-schizophrenia s443","src_root_hash":"16330228191540156489","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"What Are Common Signs of Schizophrenia?","meta_descriptions":["Schizophrenia is a challenging mental illness characterized by a broad range of symptoms. Learn about the 10 most common symptoms of schizophrenia."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Those living with schizophrenia may experience challenges with social interactions, disruptions in thought processes, and emotional responses.\nSymptoms, however, can range in severity among individuals due to varying social and environmental factors associated with the condition. Common signs of schizophrenia may include:\nHallucinations\nWhen a person with schizophrenia has hallucinations, they see,\nhear\n, smell, or taste things that don’t exist.\nBut to that person, what they see, hear, smell, or taste is\nvery\nreal. This may confusing or upsetting if you care about the person who’s having hallucinations, especially as they might hear voices for a long time before anyone else notices.\nThese voices may be from people they know or don’t know. They might be judging or threatening them. They could also be a narration of what the person is doing or demanding them to do certain things.\nSometimes the voice isn’t a voice at all — instead it’s a sound like a whistle or hissing noise.\nDelusions\nDelusions are false beliefs about things that may seem strange or illogical to others. Even if you present the person with facts that prove their idea isn’t based on reality, they’re unlikely to change their mind.\nA person having delusions may believe that people on TV or radio are sending them secret messages that tell them to do something. Or they might believe they’re in danger or a specific person or group of people are trying to harm them.\nPeople with delusions may find it difficult to\nconcentrate\n. They may get confused or feel as though their thoughts have been blocked.\nDisorganized thinking\nWhen thinking is “\ndisorganized\n,” it means that it’s difficult for someone with schizophrenia to keep their thoughts or speech in order.\nThey might have trouble remembering things or finishing tasks. They may start talking and then suddenly stop because they can’t remember what they were saying. Or, they may jump from topic to topic while having a conversation. Sometimes they’ll make up words.\nIf they’re experiencing severe symptoms, they may be difficult to understand. They might have “word salad” — a jumble of words thrown together in confusing order, or they might just choose to stop talking altogether.\nOften, people with schizophrenia have\nanosognosia\n, lack awareness of having an illness. Different from being in denial, they may be incapable of thinking clearly enough to choose to deny something. Anosognosia can make\ntreating schizophrenia\nmore difficult.\nConcentration and memory problems\nCognitive difficulties are another common sign of schizophrenia, though admittedly, these can occur in various other conditions, too. The person may have trouble paying attention, concentrating, and\nremembering things\n.\nSimilar to disorganized thinking, this can make it hard for them to have a conversation.\nThese symptoms can also make it difficult for someone to learn new things or remember appointments. They might struggle to use information they just learned or make decisions that affect their life.\nOverly excited\nIf you know someone with schizophrenia their speech and movements may be fast, or they may have an “outburst” of energy that seems to come out of nowhere.\nIncreased\nexcitement\nmay affect their ability to eat or sleep, and it can make it very difficult to talk to others. Or, they may move around so much and talk so quickly that they exhaust themselves.\nSudden movements and excitability are typically related to symptoms of psychosis, like hallucinations or delusions.\nPeople who experience\nmania\n— a symptom of\nbipolar I disorder\n— may also appear overexcited with extra energy and little need for sleep. If you’re noticing this in yourself or someone else, consider speaking with a mental health professional to receive the right diagnosis.\nGrandiosity\nSome people with schizophrenia have an exaggerated opinion of themselves, sometimes called\ndelusions of grandeur\n. They may think they’re superior to others or have extraordinary abilities. They may also incorrectly believe they’re very wealthy, smart, famous, or powerful.\nDepending on the severity of the symptom, they may only believe these things about themselves or these beliefs may only impact their attitude about themselves.\nIn severe cases, they may believe they have multiple special qualities. Often, they’ll act on these beliefs in ways that may seem strange or even dangerous to themselves or others.\nEmotional withdrawal\nWhen a person with schizophrenia\nemotionally withdraws\nfrom things, they may gradually experience a disregard for all aspects of daily life.\nWhen you talk to a person who’s emotionally withdrawing, they may seem distant and uninterested in having a conversation. As they progress, they begin to lose all interest speaking with others and can end up completely withdrawn.\nAccording to\nresearch from 2022\n, factors of motivation are associated with occurence of social withdrawal in those who live with schizophrenia. Having a reduced drive or\napathetic disinterest\nto engage with others is suggested to significantly predict social functioning.\nDifficulty with abstract thinking\nThose with schizophrenia may have a difficult time understanding things that aren’t physical or real. They may also have difficulty understanding a proverb, simile, or metaphor because they can only interpret things literally.\nAbstract thinking may impact your ability to identify, explain, differentiate, or integrate meaningful aspects or social situations.\nExtremely disorganized or catatonic behavior\nDisorganized behavior\ncan include odd behaviors like smiling or laughing for no apparent reason, or talking to yourself. It can also include movements that seem to happen for no reason, or even being stressed or annoyed without a clear cause.\nCatatonic behavior\ncan include not moving much or at all, or refusing to do things or speak.\nSomeone might also do a lot of unusual movements that don’t seem to have a purpose. You may find them purposely in strange positions or notice their unusual gestures or grimacing.\nPeople with schizophrenia may also have\necholalia\n(repeating what others say) or\nechopraxia\n(repeating how others move).\nLack of emotional expressions\nA characteristic symptom of schizophrenia is a lack of emotional expression, also known as\nemotional blunting\n.\nYou begin to show fewer facial expressions and gestures when you respond to good or bad news. For example, although you may feel upbeat, your voice may be “\nflat\n” when you speak.\nSymptoms, such as having a lack of emotional expression, could significantly\nincrease the risk\nof suicidal thoughts or behavior. Additional signs may include:\nasociality\ndelusions\nanhedonia\ncomorbid\ndepression\nhistory of suicidal behaviors\nnegative feelings toward treatment\nPreventing suicidal behaviors could include being aware of the signs mentioned above and receiving proper support to manage comorbid or psychotic symptoms.\nSchizophrenia is typically diagnosed between the ages of 16 and 30, after a person has experienced their first\npsychotic episode\n. It’s\nrare\nfor a young child to have schizophrenia.\nYou may begin to see signs in early\nteen\nyears, such as:\nspending more and more time alone\nhaving less or no interest in how they look\nsuddenly having trouble thinking clearly or concentrating\nhaving new passionate ideas that seem strange to others\nbecoming suspicious of others or having paranoid thoughts\nexperiencing a significant drop in grades or job performance\nbeing unable to speak clearly or struggling to communicate with others\nhaving strange feelings or seeming like they experience no feelings at all\nfinding it difficult to tell the difference between what’s real and what’s not real\nThere are many common signs of schizophrenia, and you don’t need to have all of them for a doctor to diagnose the condition.\nIf you recognize several of these symptoms and are concerned that you or a loved one may have schizophrenia, you can always reach out to a mental health professional for further support. They’ll be able to confirm a diagnosis and create a personalized treatment plan.\nWhile schizophrenia may be a challenging condition, it’s manageable with the right tools and support. Early treatment will increase your chances of successful treatment.","attrs_markdown":"- Conditions\n  Featured\n  \n  [All](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/conditions)\n  \n  - [Addictions](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/addictions)\n  - [Anxiety Disorder](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/anxiety)\n  - [ADHD](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/adhd)\n  - [Bipolar Disorder](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/bipolar)\n  - [Depression](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/depression)\n  - [PTSD](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/ptsd)\n  - [Schizophrenia](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/schizophrenia)\n  \n  Articles\n  \n  [All](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/disorders\/disorders)\n  \n  - [Adjustment Disorder](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/disorders\/adjustment-disorder-symptoms)\n  - [Agoraphobia](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/anxiety\/agoraphobia-symptoms)\n  - [Antisocial Personality Disorder](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/disorders\/antisocial-personality-disorder)\n  - [Borderline Personality Disorder](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/disorders\/borderline-personality-disorder)\n  - 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[Social Anxiety](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/anxiety\/social-anxiety-disorder-symptoms)\n  - [Specific Phobias](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/anxiety\/specific-phobia-symptoms)\n  - [Teenage Depression](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/lib\/teenage-depression)\n  - [Trauma](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/health\/what-is-trauma)\n- Discover\n  Wellness Topics\n  \n  - [Black Mental Health](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/program\/black-mental-health)\n  - [Grief](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/health\/refuge-in-grief)\n  - [Emotional Health](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/program\/emotional-health)\n  - [Sex & Relationships](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/relationships)\n  - [Trauma](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/program\/trauma)\n  - [Understanding Therapy](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/program\/understanding-therapy)\n  - [Workplace Mental Health](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/program\/mental-health-at-work)\n  \n  Original Series\n  \n  - [My Life with OCD](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/content-series\/my-life-with-ocd)\n  - 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[PTSD Symptoms Quiz](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/quizzes\/ptsd-quiz)\n  - [Schizophrenia Quiz](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/quizzes\/schizophrenia-test)\n  \n  Lifestyle\n  \n  [All](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/program\/quizzes)\n  \n  - [Attachment Style Quiz](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/quizzes\/attachment-style-quiz)\n  - [Career Test](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/quizzes\/career-test)\n  - [Do I Need Therapy Quiz?](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/quizzes\/therapy-quiz)\n  - [Domestic Violence Screening Quiz](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/quizzes\/domestic-violence-quiz)\n  - [Emotional Type Quiz](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/quizzes\/emotional-type-quiz)\n  - [Loneliness Quiz](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/quizzes\/loneliness-quiz)\n  - [Parenting Style Quiz](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/quizzes\/parenting-style-quiz)\n  - [Personality Test](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/quizzes\/personality-quiz)\n  - [Relationship Quiz](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/quizzes\/love-quiz)\n  - [Stress Test](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/quizzes\/stress-test)\n  - [What's Your Sleep Like?](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/quizzes\/sleep-quiz)\n- Resources\n  Treatment & Support\n  \n  - [Find Support](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/program\/how-to-find-mental-health-support)\n  - [Suicide Prevention](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/lib\/suicide-prevention-hotline-number)\n  - [Drugs & Medications](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/drugs\/drugs)\n  - [Find a Therapist](https:\/\/care.healthline.com\/find-care\/specialty\/mental-health-professional?&utm_source=pc&utm_medium=editorial&utm_campaign=mentalwellbeing&utm_content=textwidget&utm_term=homepage-resources&redirected=true)\n\nSubscribe\n\n[Reimagining a Life with Schizophrenia](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/program\/reimagining-a-life-with-schizophrenia \"Reimagining a Life with Schizophrenia program landing page\")\n\n# The 10 Most Common Signs of Schizophrenia\n![](https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/post.psychcentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Bethany-Juby-Headshot-New-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105)\n\nMedically reviewed by [Bethany Juby, PsyD](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/reviewers\/bethany-juby-psyd) — Written by [Gia Miller](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/authors\/gia-miller) —  Updated on November 22, 2024\n\n- [Signs](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/schizophrenia\/top-10-signs-of-schizophrenia#signs)\n- [Early symptoms](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/schizophrenia\/top-10-signs-of-schizophrenia#early-symptoms)\n- [Takeaway](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/schizophrenia\/top-10-signs-of-schizophrenia#takeaway)\n\nHallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking and behaviors… knowing these signs and what they look like can be a good step toward the right treatment plan.\n\nSchizophrenia is a chronic mental health condition that affects a person’s behaviors, thoughts, and feelings.\n\nSymptoms of schizophrenia develop slowly over time and typically appear between late adolescence and early adulthood. Symptoms usually fall into one of three categories:\n\n- **Positive symptoms:** Perceiving reality differently than others; seeing, hearing, smelling, or tasting things that others don’t.\n- **Negative symptoms**: Experiencing a lack of interest and motivation to engage in typical activities or interactions.\n- **Cognitive symptoms**: Difficulties with attention, concentration, and memory recall.\n\n## [Signs of schizophrenia]()\nSchizophrenia is one of the [top 15 leading causes of disability](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/schizophrenia.shtml) in the world.\n\nThose living with schizophrenia may experience challenges with social interactions, disruptions in thought processes, and emotional responses.\n\nSymptoms, however, can range in severity among individuals due to varying social and environmental factors associated with the condition. Common signs of schizophrenia may include:\n\n### Hallucinations\nWhen a person with schizophrenia has hallucinations, they see, [hear](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/disorders\/auditory-hallucinations), smell, or taste things that don’t exist.\n\nBut to that person, what they see, hear, smell, or taste is *very* real. This may confusing or upsetting if you care about the person who’s having hallucinations, especially as they might hear voices for a long time before anyone else notices.\n\nThese voices may be from people they know or don’t know. They might be judging or threatening them. They could also be a narration of what the person is doing or demanding them to do certain things.\n\nSometimes the voice isn’t a voice at all — instead it’s a sound like a whistle or hissing noise.\n\n### Delusions\nWhile often named together, delusions are [different from hallucinations](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/schizophrenia\/delusions-vs-hallucinations).\n\nDelusions are false beliefs about things that may seem strange or illogical to others. Even if you present the person with facts that prove their idea isn’t based on reality, they’re unlikely to change their mind.\n\nA person having delusions may believe that people on TV or radio are sending them secret messages that tell them to do something. Or they might believe they’re in danger or a specific person or group of people are trying to harm them.\n\nPeople with delusions may find it difficult to [concentrate](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/health\/how-to-improve-concentration). They may get confused or feel as though their thoughts have been blocked.\n\n### Disorganized thinking\nWhen thinking is “[disorganized](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/disorders\/thought-disorder),” it means that it’s difficult for someone with schizophrenia to keep their thoughts or speech in order.\n\nThey might have trouble remembering things or finishing tasks. They may start talking and then suddenly stop because they can’t remember what they were saying. Or, they may jump from topic to topic while having a conversation. Sometimes they’ll make up words.\n\nIf they’re experiencing severe symptoms, they may be difficult to understand. They might have “word salad” — a jumble of words thrown together in confusing order, or they might just choose to stop talking altogether.\n\nOften, people with schizophrenia have [anosognosia](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/health\/anosognosia), lack awareness of having an illness. Different from being in denial, they may be incapable of thinking clearly enough to choose to deny something. Anosognosia can make [treating schizophrenia](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/schizophrenia\/schizophrenia-treatment) more difficult.\n\n### Concentration and memory problems\nCognitive difficulties are another common sign of schizophrenia, though admittedly, these can occur in various other conditions, too. The person may have trouble paying attention, concentrating, and [remembering things](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/health\/atkinson-and-shiffrin-model).\n\nSimilar to disorganized thinking, this can make it hard for them to have a conversation.\n\nThese symptoms can also make it difficult for someone to learn new things or remember appointments. They might struggle to use information they just learned or make decisions that affect their life.\n\n### Overly excited\nIf you know someone with schizophrenia their speech and movements may be fast, or they may have an “outburst” of energy that seems to come out of nowhere.\n\nIncreased [excitement](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/bipolar\/hyperthymic) may affect their ability to eat or sleep, and it can make it very difficult to talk to others. Or, they may move around so much and talk so quickly that they exhaust themselves.\n\nSudden movements and excitability are typically related to symptoms of psychosis, like hallucinations or delusions.\n\nPeople who experience [mania](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/disorders\/manic-episode) — a symptom of [bipolar I disorder](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/bipolar\/bipolar-disorder) — may also appear overexcited with extra energy and little need for sleep. If you’re noticing this in yourself or someone else, consider speaking with a mental health professional to receive the right diagnosis.\n\n### Grandiosity\nSome people with schizophrenia have an exaggerated opinion of themselves, sometimes called [delusions of grandeur](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/blog\/grandiosity-and-delusion-grandeur). They may think they’re superior to others or have extraordinary abilities. They may also incorrectly believe they’re very wealthy, smart, famous, or powerful.\n\nDepending on the severity of the symptom, they may only believe these things about themselves or these beliefs may only impact their attitude about themselves.\n\nIn severe cases, they may believe they have multiple special qualities. Often, they’ll act on these beliefs in ways that may seem strange or even dangerous to themselves or others.\n\n### Emotional withdrawal\nWhen a person with schizophrenia [emotionally withdraws](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/relationships\/signs-of-emotional-unavailability) from things, they may gradually experience a disregard for all aspects of daily life.\n\nWhen you talk to a person who’s emotionally withdrawing, they may seem distant and uninterested in having a conversation. As they progress, they begin to lose all interest speaking with others and can end up completely withdrawn.\n\nAccording to [research from 2022](https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC9243431\/), factors of motivation are associated with occurence of social withdrawal in those who live with schizophrenia. Having a reduced drive or [apathetic disinterest](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/health\/signs-someone-is-emotionally-numb) to engage with others is suggested to significantly predict social functioning.\n\n### Difficulty with abstract thinking\nAnother classic sign of schizophrenia is the [difficulty to form generalizations](https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC9475916\/) or think beyond a solid idea or concept.\n\nThose with schizophrenia may have a difficult time understanding things that aren’t physical or real. They may also have difficulty understanding a proverb, simile, or metaphor because they can only interpret things literally.\n\nAbstract thinking may impact your ability to identify, explain, differentiate, or integrate meaningful aspects or social situations.\n\n### Extremely disorganized or catatonic behavior\n[Disorganized behavior](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/schizophrenia\/disorganized-schizophrenia) can include odd behaviors like smiling or laughing for no apparent reason, or talking to yourself. It can also include movements that seem to happen for no reason, or even being stressed or annoyed without a clear cause.\n\n[Catatonic behavior](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/schizophrenia\/catatonic-schizophrenia) can include not moving much or at all, or refusing to do things or speak.\n\nSomeone might also do a lot of unusual movements that don’t seem to have a purpose. You may find them purposely in strange positions or notice their unusual gestures or grimacing.\n\nPeople with schizophrenia may also have [echolalia](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/schizophrenia\/schizophrenia-speech-patterns) (repeating what others say) or [echopraxia](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/health\/echopraxia) (repeating how others move).\n\n### Lack of emotional expressions\nA characteristic symptom of schizophrenia is a lack of emotional expression, also known as [emotional blunting](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/health\/what-is-emotional-blunting).\n\nYou begin to show fewer facial expressions and gestures when you respond to good or bad news. For example, although you may feel upbeat, your voice may be “[flat](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/health\/what-is-flat-affect)” when you speak.\n\nSymptoms, such as having a lack of emotional expression, could significantly [increase the risk](https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/55\/7\/361) of suicidal thoughts or behavior. Additional signs may include:\n\n- asociality\n- delusions\n- [anhedonia](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/schizophrenia\/anhedonia-schizophrenia)\n- comorbid [depression](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/schizophrenia\/schizophrenia-depression)\n- history of suicidal behaviors\n- negative feelings toward treatment\n\nPreventing suicidal behaviors could include being aware of the signs mentioned above and receiving proper support to manage comorbid or psychotic symptoms.\n\n### Suicide prevention\nIf you’re experiencing suicidal thoughts, help is always available:\n\n- Call or text a crisis hotline, such as the [988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline](https:\/\/988lifeline.org\/) at 988.\n- Text HOME to the [Crisis Textline](https:\/\/www.crisistextline.org\/?gclid=EAIaIQobChMIsPDQrdXH5wIVBRx9Ch1YdQjIEAAYASAAEgJ_1_D_BwE) at [741741](sms:).\n- Reach out to a trusted friend, family member, or healthcare professional. Consider calling 911 or your local emergency number if you can’t get in touch with them.\n- If you decide to call an emergency number like 911, ask the operator to send someone trained in mental health, like Crisis Intervention Training (CIT) officers.\n- Consider visiting Psych Central’s guide for additional [suicide resources](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/lib\/suicide-prevention-hotline-number).\n\n## [What are the earliest signs of schizophrenia?]()\nSchizophrenia is typically diagnosed between the ages of 16 and 30, after a person has experienced their first [psychotic episode](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/lib\/what-psychotic-episodes-really-look-and-feel-like). It’s [rare](https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S105649931930094X?via%3Dihub) for a young child to have schizophrenia.\n\nYou may begin to see signs in early [teen](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/schizophrenia\/schizophrenia-in-teens) years, such as:\n\n- spending more and more time alone\n- having less or no interest in how they look\n- suddenly having trouble thinking clearly or concentrating\n- having new passionate ideas that seem strange to others\n- becoming suspicious of others or having paranoid thoughts\n- experiencing a significant drop in grades or job performance\n- being unable to speak clearly or struggling to communicate with others\n- having strange feelings or seeming like they experience no feelings at all\n- finding it difficult to tell the difference between what’s real and what’s not real\n\n## [The bottom line]()\nThere are many common signs of schizophrenia, and you don’t need to have all of them for a doctor to diagnose the condition.\n\nIf you recognize several of these symptoms and are concerned that you or a loved one may have schizophrenia, you can always reach out to a mental health professional for further support. They’ll be able to confirm a diagnosis and create a personalized treatment plan.\n\nWhile schizophrenia may be a challenging condition, it’s manageable with the right tools and support. Early treatment will increase your chances of successful treatment.\n\n10 sourcescollapsed\n\n- American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed., text rev.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association.\n- Anosognosia. (n.d.).  \n  <https:\/\/www.nami.org\/About-Mental-Illness\/Common-with-Mental-Illness\/Anosognosia>\n- Driver DI, et al. (2020). Childhood-onset schizophrenia and early-onset schizophrenia spectrum disorders: An update.  \n  <https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S105649931930094X>\n- Fact sheet: Early warning signs of psychosis. (2022).  \n  <https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/topics\/schizophrenia\/raise\/fact-sheet-early-warning-signs-of-psychosis.shtml>\n- Farina EA, et al. (2023). Factors related to passive social withdrawal and active social avoidance in schizophrenia.  \n  <https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC9243431\/>\n- Marder SR, et al. (2017). The current conceptualization of negative symptoms in schizophrenia.  \n  <https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/wps.20385>\n- Schizophrenia. (n.d.).  \n  <https:\/\/www.nami.org\/About-Mental-Illness\/Mental-Health-Conditions\/Schizophrenia>\n- Schizophrenia. (n.d.). Schizophrenia. (2024).  \n  <https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/schizophrenia.shtml>\n- Sher L, et al. (2019). Suicide in schizophrenia: An educational overview.   \n  <https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/55\/7\/361>\n- Sokolova E, et al. (2021). Relationship of abstract thinking to mentalization in schizophrenia.  \n  <https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC9475916\/>\n\n[FEEDBACK:]()\n\n![](https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/post.psychcentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Bethany-Juby-Headshot-New-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105)\n\nMedically reviewed by [Bethany Juby, PsyD](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/reviewers\/bethany-juby-psyd) — Written by [Gia Miller](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/authors\/gia-miller) —  Updated on November 22, 2024\n\n## More in [Reimagining a Life with Schizophrenia](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/program\/reimagining-a-life-with-schizophrenia)\n- [Schizophrenia Spectrum: What Does It Mean?](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/schizophrenia\/schizophrenia-spectrum)\n- [What Are the ‘Positive’ Symptoms of Schizophrenia?](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/schizophrenia\/positive-symptoms-schizophrenia)\n- [Psychosis and Schizophrenia: What to Know](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/schizophrenia\/psychosis-vs-schizophrenia)\n- [All About Schizophrenia in Men](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/schizophrenia\/schizophrenia-in-men)\n- [View all](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/program\/reimagining-a-life-with-schizophrenia)\n\n### Read this next\n- [20-Somethings and Schizophrenia](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/schizophrenia\/schizophrenia-usually-strikes-first-in-young-adults?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  Medically reviewed by [Nicole Washington, DO, MPH](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/medical-team)\n  \n  [Unlike nearly all other mental illnesses, schizophrenia's onset is usually not until a person's 20s. We're exploring why.](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/schizophrenia\/schizophrenia-usually-strikes-first-in-young-adults?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/schizophrenia\/schizophrenia-usually-strikes-first-in-young-adults?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [Illuminating 9 Myths of Schizophrenia](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/schizophrenia\/schizophrenia-myths?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  Medically reviewed by [Tiffany Taft, PsyD](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/medical-team)\n  \n  [Schizophrenia is a highly misunderstood mental health condition. We’re busting nine schizophrenia myths to reduce the stigma.](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/schizophrenia\/schizophrenia-myths?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/schizophrenia\/schizophrenia-myths?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [All About Acute Schizophrenia](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/schizophrenia\/acute-schizophrenia?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [Acute schizophrenia involves noticeable outward-facing schizophrenia symptoms. How long it lasts, and more, here.](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/schizophrenia\/acute-schizophrenia?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/schizophrenia\/acute-schizophrenia?utm_source=ReadNext)\n- [The Ongoing Challenges of Schizophrenia](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/schizophrenia\/the-ongoing-challenges-of-schizophrenia?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  Medically reviewed by [Nicole Washington, DO, MPH](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/medical-team)\n  \n  [Schizophrenia symptoms can create ripple effects in other areas of people's lives. Learn more.](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/schizophrenia\/the-ongoing-challenges-of-schizophrenia?utm_source=ReadNext)\n  \n  [READ MORE](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/schizophrenia\/the-ongoing-challenges-of-schizophrenia?utm_source=ReadNext)\n\n© 2026 Psych Central, a Healthline Media Company. All rights reserved. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Psych Central does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. [See additional information](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/about\/additional-information).\n\n- [About Us](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/about)\n- [Contact Us](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/about\/contact-us)\n- [Terms of Use](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/about\/terms)\n- [Privacy policy](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/about\/privacy)\n- Privacy Settings\n- [Advertising Policy](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/about\/advertising-policy)\n\n- [Medical Affairs](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/about\/medical-team)\n- [Content Integrity](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/about\/content-integrity)\n- [Newsletter](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/newsletter)\n- [Find a Therapist](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/find-help)\n- © 2026 Psych Central, a Healthline Media Company. All rights reserved. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Psych Central does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. [See additional information](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/about\/additional-information).\n\n© 2026 Psych Central, a Healthline Media Company. All rights reserved. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Psych Central does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. [See additional information](https:\/\/www.psychcentral.com\/about\/additional-information).\n\n[About](https:\/\/www.healthlinemedia.com\/?utm_source=psychcentral.com&utm_medium=site&utm_campaign=footer&utm_content=about)[Careers](https:\/\/rvohealth.com\/careers)[Advertise with us](https:\/\/www.healthlinemedia.com\/advertise?utm_source=psychcentral.com&utm_medium=site&utm_campaign=footer&utm_content=advertise)\n\nOUR BRANDS\n\n[Healthline](https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/)[Medical News Today](https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/)[Greatist](https:\/\/greatist.com\/)[Psych Central](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/)[Bezzy](https:\/\/bezzy.com\/)\n\n![](http:\/\/b.scorecardresearch.com\/p?c1=2&c2=38584006&cv=3.9&cj=1&comscorekw=main)","attrs_readable_markdown":"Those living with schizophrenia may experience challenges with social interactions, disruptions in thought processes, and emotional responses.\n\nSymptoms, however, can range in severity among individuals due to varying social and environmental factors associated with the condition. Common signs of schizophrenia may include:\n\nHallucinations\n\nWhen a person with schizophrenia has hallucinations, they see, [hear](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/disorders\/auditory-hallucinations), smell, or taste things that don’t exist.\n\nBut to that person, what they see, hear, smell, or taste is *very* real. This may confusing or upsetting if you care about the person who’s having hallucinations, especially as they might hear voices for a long time before anyone else notices.\n\nThese voices may be from people they know or don’t know. They might be judging or threatening them. They could also be a narration of what the person is doing or demanding them to do certain things.\n\nSometimes the voice isn’t a voice at all — instead it’s a sound like a whistle or hissing noise.\n\nDelusions\n\nDelusions are false beliefs about things that may seem strange or illogical to others. Even if you present the person with facts that prove their idea isn’t based on reality, they’re unlikely to change their mind.\n\nA person having delusions may believe that people on TV or radio are sending them secret messages that tell them to do something. Or they might believe they’re in danger or a specific person or group of people are trying to harm them.\n\nPeople with delusions may find it difficult to [concentrate](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/health\/how-to-improve-concentration). They may get confused or feel as though their thoughts have been blocked.\n\nDisorganized thinking\n\nWhen thinking is “[disorganized](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/disorders\/thought-disorder),” it means that it’s difficult for someone with schizophrenia to keep their thoughts or speech in order.\n\nThey might have trouble remembering things or finishing tasks. They may start talking and then suddenly stop because they can’t remember what they were saying. Or, they may jump from topic to topic while having a conversation. Sometimes they’ll make up words.\n\nIf they’re experiencing severe symptoms, they may be difficult to understand. They might have “word salad” — a jumble of words thrown together in confusing order, or they might just choose to stop talking altogether.\n\nOften, people with schizophrenia have [anosognosia](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/health\/anosognosia), lack awareness of having an illness. Different from being in denial, they may be incapable of thinking clearly enough to choose to deny something. Anosognosia can make [treating schizophrenia](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/schizophrenia\/schizophrenia-treatment) more difficult.\n\nConcentration and memory problems\n\nCognitive difficulties are another common sign of schizophrenia, though admittedly, these can occur in various other conditions, too. The person may have trouble paying attention, concentrating, and [remembering things](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/health\/atkinson-and-shiffrin-model).\n\nSimilar to disorganized thinking, this can make it hard for them to have a conversation.\n\nThese symptoms can also make it difficult for someone to learn new things or remember appointments. They might struggle to use information they just learned or make decisions that affect their life.\n\nOverly excited\n\nIf you know someone with schizophrenia their speech and movements may be fast, or they may have an “outburst” of energy that seems to come out of nowhere.\n\nIncreased [excitement](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/bipolar\/hyperthymic) may affect their ability to eat or sleep, and it can make it very difficult to talk to others. Or, they may move around so much and talk so quickly that they exhaust themselves.\n\nSudden movements and excitability are typically related to symptoms of psychosis, like hallucinations or delusions.\n\nPeople who experience [mania](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/disorders\/manic-episode) — a symptom of [bipolar I disorder](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/bipolar\/bipolar-disorder) — may also appear overexcited with extra energy and little need for sleep. If you’re noticing this in yourself or someone else, consider speaking with a mental health professional to receive the right diagnosis.\n\nGrandiosity\n\nSome people with schizophrenia have an exaggerated opinion of themselves, sometimes called [delusions of grandeur](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/blog\/grandiosity-and-delusion-grandeur). They may think they’re superior to others or have extraordinary abilities. They may also incorrectly believe they’re very wealthy, smart, famous, or powerful.\n\nDepending on the severity of the symptom, they may only believe these things about themselves or these beliefs may only impact their attitude about themselves.\n\nIn severe cases, they may believe they have multiple special qualities. Often, they’ll act on these beliefs in ways that may seem strange or even dangerous to themselves or others.\n\nEmotional withdrawal\n\nWhen a person with schizophrenia [emotionally withdraws](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/relationships\/signs-of-emotional-unavailability) from things, they may gradually experience a disregard for all aspects of daily life.\n\nWhen you talk to a person who’s emotionally withdrawing, they may seem distant and uninterested in having a conversation. As they progress, they begin to lose all interest speaking with others and can end up completely withdrawn.\n\nAccording to [research from 2022](https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC9243431\/), factors of motivation are associated with occurence of social withdrawal in those who live with schizophrenia. Having a reduced drive or [apathetic disinterest](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/health\/signs-someone-is-emotionally-numb) to engage with others is suggested to significantly predict social functioning.\n\nDifficulty with abstract thinking\n\nThose with schizophrenia may have a difficult time understanding things that aren’t physical or real. They may also have difficulty understanding a proverb, simile, or metaphor because they can only interpret things literally.\n\nAbstract thinking may impact your ability to identify, explain, differentiate, or integrate meaningful aspects or social situations.\n\nExtremely disorganized or catatonic behavior\n\n[Disorganized behavior](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/schizophrenia\/disorganized-schizophrenia) can include odd behaviors like smiling or laughing for no apparent reason, or talking to yourself. It can also include movements that seem to happen for no reason, or even being stressed or annoyed without a clear cause.\n\n[Catatonic behavior](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/schizophrenia\/catatonic-schizophrenia) can include not moving much or at all, or refusing to do things or speak.\n\nSomeone might also do a lot of unusual movements that don’t seem to have a purpose. You may find them purposely in strange positions or notice their unusual gestures or grimacing.\n\nPeople with schizophrenia may also have [echolalia](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/schizophrenia\/schizophrenia-speech-patterns) (repeating what others say) or [echopraxia](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/health\/echopraxia) (repeating how others move).\n\nLack of emotional expressions\n\nA characteristic symptom of schizophrenia is a lack of emotional expression, also known as [emotional blunting](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/health\/what-is-emotional-blunting).\n\nYou begin to show fewer facial expressions and gestures when you respond to good or bad news. For example, although you may feel upbeat, your voice may be “[flat](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/health\/what-is-flat-affect)” when you speak.\n\nSymptoms, such as having a lack of emotional expression, could significantly [increase the risk](https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/55\/7\/361) of suicidal thoughts or behavior. Additional signs may include:\n\n- asociality\n- delusions\n- [anhedonia](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/schizophrenia\/anhedonia-schizophrenia)\n- comorbid [depression](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/schizophrenia\/schizophrenia-depression)\n- history of suicidal behaviors\n- negative feelings toward treatment\n\nPreventing suicidal behaviors could include being aware of the signs mentioned above and receiving proper support to manage comorbid or psychotic symptoms.\n\nSchizophrenia is typically diagnosed between the ages of 16 and 30, after a person has experienced their first [psychotic episode](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/lib\/what-psychotic-episodes-really-look-and-feel-like). It’s [rare](https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S105649931930094X?via%3Dihub) for a young child to have schizophrenia.\n\nYou may begin to see signs in early [teen](https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/schizophrenia\/schizophrenia-in-teens) years, such as:\n\n- spending more and more time alone\n- having less or no interest in how they look\n- suddenly having trouble thinking clearly or concentrating\n- having new passionate ideas that seem strange to others\n- becoming suspicious of others or having paranoid thoughts\n- experiencing a significant drop in grades or job performance\n- being unable to speak clearly or struggling to communicate with others\n- having strange feelings or seeming like they experience no feelings at all\n- finding it difficult to tell the difference between what’s real and what’s not real\n\nThere are many common signs of schizophrenia, and you don’t need to have all of them for a doctor to diagnose the condition.\n\nIf you recognize several of these symptoms and are concerned that you or a loved one may have schizophrenia, you can always reach out to a mental health professional for further support. They’ll be able to confirm a diagnosis and create a personalized treatment plan.\n\nWhile schizophrenia may be a challenging condition, it’s manageable with the right tools and support. Early treatment will increase your chances of successful treatment.","meta_canonical":null}

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Meta Title	What Are Common Signs of Schizophrenia?
Meta Description	Schizophrenia is a challenging mental illness characterized by a broad range of symptoms. Learn about the 10 most common symptoms of schizophrenia.
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Boilerpipe Text	Those living with schizophrenia may experience challenges with social interactions, disruptions in thought processes, and emotional responses. Symptoms, however, can range in severity among individuals due to varying social and environmental factors associated with the condition. Common signs of schizophrenia may include: Hallucinations When a person with schizophrenia has hallucinations, they see, hear , smell, or taste things that don’t exist. But to that person, what they see, hear, smell, or taste is very real. This may confusing or upsetting if you care about the person who’s having hallucinations, especially as they might hear voices for a long time before anyone else notices. These voices may be from people they know or don’t know. They might be judging or threatening them. They could also be a narration of what the person is doing or demanding them to do certain things. Sometimes the voice isn’t a voice at all — instead it’s a sound like a whistle or hissing noise. Delusions Delusions are false beliefs about things that may seem strange or illogical to others. Even if you present the person with facts that prove their idea isn’t based on reality, they’re unlikely to change their mind. A person having delusions may believe that people on TV or radio are sending them secret messages that tell them to do something. Or they might believe they’re in danger or a specific person or group of people are trying to harm them. People with delusions may find it difficult to concentrate . They may get confused or feel as though their thoughts have been blocked. Disorganized thinking When thinking is “ disorganized ,” it means that it’s difficult for someone with schizophrenia to keep their thoughts or speech in order. They might have trouble remembering things or finishing tasks. They may start talking and then suddenly stop because they can’t remember what they were saying. Or, they may jump from topic to topic while having a conversation. Sometimes they’ll make up words. If they’re experiencing severe symptoms, they may be difficult to understand. They might have “word salad” — a jumble of words thrown together in confusing order, or they might just choose to stop talking altogether. Often, people with schizophrenia have anosognosia , lack awareness of having an illness. Different from being in denial, they may be incapable of thinking clearly enough to choose to deny something. Anosognosia can make treating schizophrenia more difficult. Concentration and memory problems Cognitive difficulties are another common sign of schizophrenia, though admittedly, these can occur in various other conditions, too. The person may have trouble paying attention, concentrating, and remembering things . Similar to disorganized thinking, this can make it hard for them to have a conversation. These symptoms can also make it difficult for someone to learn new things or remember appointments. They might struggle to use information they just learned or make decisions that affect their life. Overly excited If you know someone with schizophrenia their speech and movements may be fast, or they may have an “outburst” of energy that seems to come out of nowhere. Increased excitement may affect their ability to eat or sleep, and it can make it very difficult to talk to others. Or, they may move around so much and talk so quickly that they exhaust themselves. Sudden movements and excitability are typically related to symptoms of psychosis, like hallucinations or delusions. People who experience mania — a symptom of bipolar I disorder — may also appear overexcited with extra energy and little need for sleep. If you’re noticing this in yourself or someone else, consider speaking with a mental health professional to receive the right diagnosis. Grandiosity Some people with schizophrenia have an exaggerated opinion of themselves, sometimes called delusions of grandeur . They may think they’re superior to others or have extraordinary abilities. They may also incorrectly believe they’re very wealthy, smart, famous, or powerful. Depending on the severity of the symptom, they may only believe these things about themselves or these beliefs may only impact their attitude about themselves. In severe cases, they may believe they have multiple special qualities. Often, they’ll act on these beliefs in ways that may seem strange or even dangerous to themselves or others. Emotional withdrawal When a person with schizophrenia emotionally withdraws from things, they may gradually experience a disregard for all aspects of daily life. When you talk to a person who’s emotionally withdrawing, they may seem distant and uninterested in having a conversation. As they progress, they begin to lose all interest speaking with others and can end up completely withdrawn. According to research from 2022 , factors of motivation are associated with occurence of social withdrawal in those who live with schizophrenia. Having a reduced drive or apathetic disinterest to engage with others is suggested to significantly predict social functioning. Difficulty with abstract thinking Those with schizophrenia may have a difficult time understanding things that aren’t physical or real. They may also have difficulty understanding a proverb, simile, or metaphor because they can only interpret things literally. Abstract thinking may impact your ability to identify, explain, differentiate, or integrate meaningful aspects or social situations. Extremely disorganized or catatonic behavior Disorganized behavior can include odd behaviors like smiling or laughing for no apparent reason, or talking to yourself. It can also include movements that seem to happen for no reason, or even being stressed or annoyed without a clear cause. Catatonic behavior can include not moving much or at all, or refusing to do things or speak. Someone might also do a lot of unusual movements that don’t seem to have a purpose. You may find them purposely in strange positions or notice their unusual gestures or grimacing. People with schizophrenia may also have echolalia (repeating what others say) or echopraxia (repeating how others move). Lack of emotional expressions A characteristic symptom of schizophrenia is a lack of emotional expression, also known as emotional blunting . You begin to show fewer facial expressions and gestures when you respond to good or bad news. For example, although you may feel upbeat, your voice may be “ flat ” when you speak. Symptoms, such as having a lack of emotional expression, could significantly increase the risk of suicidal thoughts or behavior. Additional signs may include: asociality delusions anhedonia comorbid depression history of suicidal behaviors negative feelings toward treatment Preventing suicidal behaviors could include being aware of the signs mentioned above and receiving proper support to manage comorbid or psychotic symptoms. Schizophrenia is typically diagnosed between the ages of 16 and 30, after a person has experienced their first psychotic episode . It’s rare for a young child to have schizophrenia. You may begin to see signs in early teen years, such as: spending more and more time alone having less or no interest in how they look suddenly having trouble thinking clearly or concentrating having new passionate ideas that seem strange to others becoming suspicious of others or having paranoid thoughts experiencing a significant drop in grades or job performance being unable to speak clearly or struggling to communicate with others having strange feelings or seeming like they experience no feelings at all finding it difficult to tell the difference between what’s real and what’s not real There are many common signs of schizophrenia, and you don’t need to have all of them for a doctor to diagnose the condition. If you recognize several of these symptoms and are concerned that you or a loved one may have schizophrenia, you can always reach out to a mental health professional for further support. They’ll be able to confirm a diagnosis and create a personalized treatment plan. While schizophrenia may be a challenging condition, it’s manageable with the right tools and support. Early treatment will increase your chances of successful treatment.
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[Signs](https://psychcentral.com/schizophrenia/top-10-signs-of-schizophrenia#signs) - [Early symptoms](https://psychcentral.com/schizophrenia/top-10-signs-of-schizophrenia#early-symptoms) - [Takeaway](https://psychcentral.com/schizophrenia/top-10-signs-of-schizophrenia#takeaway) Hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking and behaviors… knowing these signs and what they look like can be a good step toward the right treatment plan. Schizophrenia is a chronic mental health condition that affects a person’s behaviors, thoughts, and feelings. Symptoms of schizophrenia develop slowly over time and typically appear between late adolescence and early adulthood. Symptoms usually fall into one of three categories: - Positive symptoms: Perceiving reality differently than others; seeing, hearing, smelling, or tasting things that others don’t. - Negative symptoms: Experiencing a lack of interest and motivation to engage in typical activities or interactions. - Cognitive symptoms: Difficulties with attention, concentration, and memory recall. ## [Signs of schizophrenia]() Schizophrenia is one of the [top 15 leading causes of disability](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/schizophrenia.shtml) in the world. Those living with schizophrenia may experience challenges with social interactions, disruptions in thought processes, and emotional responses. Symptoms, however, can range in severity among individuals due to varying social and environmental factors associated with the condition. Common signs of schizophrenia may include: ### Hallucinations When a person with schizophrenia has hallucinations, they see, [hear](https://psychcentral.com/disorders/auditory-hallucinations), smell, or taste things that don’t exist. But to that person, what they see, hear, smell, or taste is very real. This may confusing or upsetting if you care about the person who’s having hallucinations, especially as they might hear voices for a long time before anyone else notices. These voices may be from people they know or don’t know. They might be judging or threatening them. They could also be a narration of what the person is doing or demanding them to do certain things. Sometimes the voice isn’t a voice at all — instead it’s a sound like a whistle or hissing noise. ### Delusions While often named together, delusions are [different from hallucinations](https://psychcentral.com/schizophrenia/delusions-vs-hallucinations). Delusions are false beliefs about things that may seem strange or illogical to others. Even if you present the person with facts that prove their idea isn’t based on reality, they’re unlikely to change their mind. A person having delusions may believe that people on TV or radio are sending them secret messages that tell them to do something. Or they might believe they’re in danger or a specific person or group of people are trying to harm them. People with delusions may find it difficult to [concentrate](https://psychcentral.com/health/how-to-improve-concentration). They may get confused or feel as though their thoughts have been blocked. ### Disorganized thinking When thinking is “[disorganized](https://psychcentral.com/disorders/thought-disorder),” it means that it’s difficult for someone with schizophrenia to keep their thoughts or speech in order. They might have trouble remembering things or finishing tasks. They may start talking and then suddenly stop because they can’t remember what they were saying. Or, they may jump from topic to topic while having a conversation. Sometimes they’ll make up words. If they’re experiencing severe symptoms, they may be difficult to understand. They might have “word salad” — a jumble of words thrown together in confusing order, or they might just choose to stop talking altogether. Often, people with schizophrenia have [anosognosia](https://psychcentral.com/health/anosognosia), lack awareness of having an illness. Different from being in denial, they may be incapable of thinking clearly enough to choose to deny something. Anosognosia can make [treating schizophrenia](https://psychcentral.com/schizophrenia/schizophrenia-treatment) more difficult. ### Concentration and memory problems Cognitive difficulties are another common sign of schizophrenia, though admittedly, these can occur in various other conditions, too. The person may have trouble paying attention, concentrating, and [remembering things](https://psychcentral.com/health/atkinson-and-shiffrin-model). Similar to disorganized thinking, this can make it hard for them to have a conversation. These symptoms can also make it difficult for someone to learn new things or remember appointments. They might struggle to use information they just learned or make decisions that affect their life. ### Overly excited If you know someone with schizophrenia their speech and movements may be fast, or they may have an “outburst” of energy that seems to come out of nowhere. Increased [excitement](https://psychcentral.com/bipolar/hyperthymic) may affect their ability to eat or sleep, and it can make it very difficult to talk to others. Or, they may move around so much and talk so quickly that they exhaust themselves. Sudden movements and excitability are typically related to symptoms of psychosis, like hallucinations or delusions. People who experience [mania](https://psychcentral.com/disorders/manic-episode) — a symptom of [bipolar I disorder](https://psychcentral.com/bipolar/bipolar-disorder) — may also appear overexcited with extra energy and little need for sleep. If you’re noticing this in yourself or someone else, consider speaking with a mental health professional to receive the right diagnosis. ### Grandiosity Some people with schizophrenia have an exaggerated opinion of themselves, sometimes called [delusions of grandeur](https://psychcentral.com/blog/grandiosity-and-delusion-grandeur). They may think they’re superior to others or have extraordinary abilities. They may also incorrectly believe they’re very wealthy, smart, famous, or powerful. Depending on the severity of the symptom, they may only believe these things about themselves or these beliefs may only impact their attitude about themselves. In severe cases, they may believe they have multiple special qualities. Often, they’ll act on these beliefs in ways that may seem strange or even dangerous to themselves or others. ### Emotional withdrawal When a person with schizophrenia [emotionally withdraws](https://psychcentral.com/relationships/signs-of-emotional-unavailability) from things, they may gradually experience a disregard for all aspects of daily life. When you talk to a person who’s emotionally withdrawing, they may seem distant and uninterested in having a conversation. As they progress, they begin to lose all interest speaking with others and can end up completely withdrawn. According to [research from 2022](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9243431/), factors of motivation are associated with occurence of social withdrawal in those who live with schizophrenia. Having a reduced drive or [apathetic disinterest](https://psychcentral.com/health/signs-someone-is-emotionally-numb) to engage with others is suggested to significantly predict social functioning. ### Difficulty with abstract thinking Another classic sign of schizophrenia is the [difficulty to form generalizations](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9475916/) or think beyond a solid idea or concept. Those with schizophrenia may have a difficult time understanding things that aren’t physical or real. They may also have difficulty understanding a proverb, simile, or metaphor because they can only interpret things literally. Abstract thinking may impact your ability to identify, explain, differentiate, or integrate meaningful aspects or social situations. ### Extremely disorganized or catatonic behavior [Disorganized behavior](https://psychcentral.com/schizophrenia/disorganized-schizophrenia) can include odd behaviors like smiling or laughing for no apparent reason, or talking to yourself. It can also include movements that seem to happen for no reason, or even being stressed or annoyed without a clear cause. [Catatonic behavior](https://psychcentral.com/schizophrenia/catatonic-schizophrenia) can include not moving much or at all, or refusing to do things or speak. Someone might also do a lot of unusual movements that don’t seem to have a purpose. You may find them purposely in strange positions or notice their unusual gestures or grimacing. People with schizophrenia may also have [echolalia](https://psychcentral.com/schizophrenia/schizophrenia-speech-patterns) (repeating what others say) or [echopraxia](https://psychcentral.com/health/echopraxia) (repeating how others move). ### Lack of emotional expressions A characteristic symptom of schizophrenia is a lack of emotional expression, also known as [emotional blunting](https://psychcentral.com/health/what-is-emotional-blunting). You begin to show fewer facial expressions and gestures when you respond to good or bad news. For example, although you may feel upbeat, your voice may be “[flat](https://psychcentral.com/health/what-is-flat-affect)” when you speak. Symptoms, such as having a lack of emotional expression, could significantly [increase the risk](https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/55/7/361) of suicidal thoughts or behavior. Additional signs may include: - asociality - delusions - [anhedonia](https://psychcentral.com/schizophrenia/anhedonia-schizophrenia) - comorbid [depression](https://psychcentral.com/schizophrenia/schizophrenia-depression) - history of suicidal behaviors - negative feelings toward treatment Preventing suicidal behaviors could include being aware of the signs mentioned above and receiving proper support to manage comorbid or psychotic symptoms. ### Suicide prevention If you’re experiencing suicidal thoughts, help is always available: - Call or text a crisis hotline, such as the [988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline](https://988lifeline.org/) at 988. - Text HOME to the [Crisis Textline](https://www.crisistextline.org/?gclid=EAIaIQobChMIsPDQrdXH5wIVBRx9Ch1YdQjIEAAYASAAEgJ_1_D_BwE) at [741741](sms:). - Reach out to a trusted friend, family member, or healthcare professional. Consider calling 911 or your local emergency number if you can’t get in touch with them. - If you decide to call an emergency number like 911, ask the operator to send someone trained in mental health, like Crisis Intervention Training (CIT) officers. - Consider visiting Psych Central’s guide for additional [suicide resources](https://psychcentral.com/lib/suicide-prevention-hotline-number). ## [What are the earliest signs of schizophrenia?]() Schizophrenia is typically diagnosed between the ages of 16 and 30, after a person has experienced their first [psychotic episode](https://psychcentral.com/lib/what-psychotic-episodes-really-look-and-feel-like). It’s [rare](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S105649931930094X?via%3Dihub) for a young child to have schizophrenia. You may begin to see signs in early [teen](https://psychcentral.com/schizophrenia/schizophrenia-in-teens) years, such as: - spending more and more time alone - having less or no interest in how they look - suddenly having trouble thinking clearly or concentrating - having new passionate ideas that seem strange to others - becoming suspicious of others or having paranoid thoughts - experiencing a significant drop in grades or job performance - being unable to speak clearly or struggling to communicate with others - having strange feelings or seeming like they experience no feelings at all - finding it difficult to tell the difference between what’s real and what’s not real ## [The bottom line]() There are many common signs of schizophrenia, and you don’t need to have all of them for a doctor to diagnose the condition. If you recognize several of these symptoms and are concerned that you or a loved one may have schizophrenia, you can always reach out to a mental health professional for further support. They’ll be able to confirm a diagnosis and create a personalized treatment plan. While schizophrenia may be a challenging condition, it’s manageable with the right tools and support. Early treatment will increase your chances of successful treatment. 10 sourcescollapsed - American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed., text rev.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association. - Anosognosia. (n.d.). <https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Common-with-Mental-Illness/Anosognosia> - Driver DI, et al. (2020). Childhood-onset schizophrenia and early-onset schizophrenia spectrum disorders: An update. <https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S105649931930094X> - Fact sheet: Early warning signs of psychosis. (2022). <https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/schizophrenia/raise/fact-sheet-early-warning-signs-of-psychosis.shtml> - Farina EA, et al. (2023). Factors related to passive social withdrawal and active social avoidance in schizophrenia. <https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9243431/> - Marder SR, et al. (2017). The current conceptualization of negative symptoms in schizophrenia. <https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/wps.20385> - Schizophrenia. (n.d.). <https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Mental-Health-Conditions/Schizophrenia> - Schizophrenia. (n.d.). Schizophrenia. (2024). <https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/schizophrenia.shtml> - Sher L, et al. (2019). Suicide in schizophrenia: An educational overview. <https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/55/7/361> - Sokolova E, et al. (2021). Relationship of abstract thinking to mentalization in schizophrenia. <https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9475916/> [FEEDBACK:]() ![](https://i0.wp.com/post.psychcentral.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Bethany-Juby-Headshot-New-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105) Medically reviewed by [Bethany Juby, PsyD](https://www.psychcentral.com/reviewers/bethany-juby-psyd) — Written by [Gia Miller](https://www.psychcentral.com/authors/gia-miller) — Updated on November 22, 2024 ## More in [Reimagining a Life with Schizophrenia](https://www.psychcentral.com/program/reimagining-a-life-with-schizophrenia) - [Schizophrenia Spectrum: What Does It Mean?](https://www.psychcentral.com/schizophrenia/schizophrenia-spectrum) - [What Are the ‘Positive’ Symptoms of Schizophrenia?](https://www.psychcentral.com/schizophrenia/positive-symptoms-schizophrenia) - [Psychosis and Schizophrenia: What to Know](https://www.psychcentral.com/schizophrenia/psychosis-vs-schizophrenia) - [All About Schizophrenia in Men](https://www.psychcentral.com/schizophrenia/schizophrenia-in-men) - [View all](https://www.psychcentral.com/program/reimagining-a-life-with-schizophrenia) ### Read this next - [20-Somethings and Schizophrenia](https://www.psychcentral.com/schizophrenia/schizophrenia-usually-strikes-first-in-young-adults?utm_source=ReadNext) Medically reviewed by [Nicole Washington, DO, MPH](https://www.psychcentral.com/medical-team) [Unlike nearly all other mental illnesses, schizophrenia's onset is usually not until a person's 20s. We're exploring why.](https://www.psychcentral.com/schizophrenia/schizophrenia-usually-strikes-first-in-young-adults?utm_source=ReadNext) [READ MORE](https://www.psychcentral.com/schizophrenia/schizophrenia-usually-strikes-first-in-young-adults?utm_source=ReadNext) - [Illuminating 9 Myths of Schizophrenia](https://www.psychcentral.com/schizophrenia/schizophrenia-myths?utm_source=ReadNext) Medically reviewed by [Tiffany Taft, PsyD](https://www.psychcentral.com/medical-team) [Schizophrenia is a highly misunderstood mental health condition. We’re busting nine schizophrenia myths to reduce the stigma.](https://www.psychcentral.com/schizophrenia/schizophrenia-myths?utm_source=ReadNext) [READ MORE](https://www.psychcentral.com/schizophrenia/schizophrenia-myths?utm_source=ReadNext) - [All About Acute Schizophrenia](https://www.psychcentral.com/schizophrenia/acute-schizophrenia?utm_source=ReadNext) [Acute schizophrenia involves noticeable outward-facing schizophrenia symptoms. How long it lasts, and more, here.](https://www.psychcentral.com/schizophrenia/acute-schizophrenia?utm_source=ReadNext) [READ MORE](https://www.psychcentral.com/schizophrenia/acute-schizophrenia?utm_source=ReadNext) - [The Ongoing Challenges of Schizophrenia](https://www.psychcentral.com/schizophrenia/the-ongoing-challenges-of-schizophrenia?utm_source=ReadNext) Medically reviewed by [Nicole Washington, DO, MPH](https://www.psychcentral.com/medical-team) [Schizophrenia symptoms can create ripple effects in other areas of people's lives. Learn more.](https://www.psychcentral.com/schizophrenia/the-ongoing-challenges-of-schizophrenia?utm_source=ReadNext) [READ MORE](https://www.psychcentral.com/schizophrenia/the-ongoing-challenges-of-schizophrenia?utm_source=ReadNext) © 2026 Psych Central, a Healthline Media Company. All rights reserved. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. 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Readable Markdown	Those living with schizophrenia may experience challenges with social interactions, disruptions in thought processes, and emotional responses. Symptoms, however, can range in severity among individuals due to varying social and environmental factors associated with the condition. Common signs of schizophrenia may include: Hallucinations When a person with schizophrenia has hallucinations, they see, [hear](https://psychcentral.com/disorders/auditory-hallucinations), smell, or taste things that don’t exist. But to that person, what they see, hear, smell, or taste is very real. This may confusing or upsetting if you care about the person who’s having hallucinations, especially as they might hear voices for a long time before anyone else notices. These voices may be from people they know or don’t know. They might be judging or threatening them. They could also be a narration of what the person is doing or demanding them to do certain things. Sometimes the voice isn’t a voice at all — instead it’s a sound like a whistle or hissing noise. Delusions Delusions are false beliefs about things that may seem strange or illogical to others. Even if you present the person with facts that prove their idea isn’t based on reality, they’re unlikely to change their mind. A person having delusions may believe that people on TV or radio are sending them secret messages that tell them to do something. Or they might believe they’re in danger or a specific person or group of people are trying to harm them. People with delusions may find it difficult to [concentrate](https://psychcentral.com/health/how-to-improve-concentration). They may get confused or feel as though their thoughts have been blocked. Disorganized thinking When thinking is “[disorganized](https://psychcentral.com/disorders/thought-disorder),” it means that it’s difficult for someone with schizophrenia to keep their thoughts or speech in order. They might have trouble remembering things or finishing tasks. They may start talking and then suddenly stop because they can’t remember what they were saying. Or, they may jump from topic to topic while having a conversation. Sometimes they’ll make up words. If they’re experiencing severe symptoms, they may be difficult to understand. They might have “word salad” — a jumble of words thrown together in confusing order, or they might just choose to stop talking altogether. Often, people with schizophrenia have [anosognosia](https://psychcentral.com/health/anosognosia), lack awareness of having an illness. Different from being in denial, they may be incapable of thinking clearly enough to choose to deny something. Anosognosia can make [treating schizophrenia](https://psychcentral.com/schizophrenia/schizophrenia-treatment) more difficult. Concentration and memory problems Cognitive difficulties are another common sign of schizophrenia, though admittedly, these can occur in various other conditions, too. The person may have trouble paying attention, concentrating, and [remembering things](https://psychcentral.com/health/atkinson-and-shiffrin-model). Similar to disorganized thinking, this can make it hard for them to have a conversation. These symptoms can also make it difficult for someone to learn new things or remember appointments. They might struggle to use information they just learned or make decisions that affect their life. Overly excited If you know someone with schizophrenia their speech and movements may be fast, or they may have an “outburst” of energy that seems to come out of nowhere. Increased [excitement](https://psychcentral.com/bipolar/hyperthymic) may affect their ability to eat or sleep, and it can make it very difficult to talk to others. Or, they may move around so much and talk so quickly that they exhaust themselves. Sudden movements and excitability are typically related to symptoms of psychosis, like hallucinations or delusions. People who experience [mania](https://psychcentral.com/disorders/manic-episode) — a symptom of [bipolar I disorder](https://psychcentral.com/bipolar/bipolar-disorder) — may also appear overexcited with extra energy and little need for sleep. If you’re noticing this in yourself or someone else, consider speaking with a mental health professional to receive the right diagnosis. Grandiosity Some people with schizophrenia have an exaggerated opinion of themselves, sometimes called [delusions of grandeur](https://psychcentral.com/blog/grandiosity-and-delusion-grandeur). They may think they’re superior to others or have extraordinary abilities. They may also incorrectly believe they’re very wealthy, smart, famous, or powerful. Depending on the severity of the symptom, they may only believe these things about themselves or these beliefs may only impact their attitude about themselves. In severe cases, they may believe they have multiple special qualities. Often, they’ll act on these beliefs in ways that may seem strange or even dangerous to themselves or others. Emotional withdrawal When a person with schizophrenia [emotionally withdraws](https://psychcentral.com/relationships/signs-of-emotional-unavailability) from things, they may gradually experience a disregard for all aspects of daily life. When you talk to a person who’s emotionally withdrawing, they may seem distant and uninterested in having a conversation. As they progress, they begin to lose all interest speaking with others and can end up completely withdrawn. According to [research from 2022](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9243431/), factors of motivation are associated with occurence of social withdrawal in those who live with schizophrenia. Having a reduced drive or [apathetic disinterest](https://psychcentral.com/health/signs-someone-is-emotionally-numb) to engage with others is suggested to significantly predict social functioning. Difficulty with abstract thinking Those with schizophrenia may have a difficult time understanding things that aren’t physical or real. They may also have difficulty understanding a proverb, simile, or metaphor because they can only interpret things literally. Abstract thinking may impact your ability to identify, explain, differentiate, or integrate meaningful aspects or social situations. Extremely disorganized or catatonic behavior [Disorganized behavior](https://psychcentral.com/schizophrenia/disorganized-schizophrenia) can include odd behaviors like smiling or laughing for no apparent reason, or talking to yourself. It can also include movements that seem to happen for no reason, or even being stressed or annoyed without a clear cause. [Catatonic behavior](https://psychcentral.com/schizophrenia/catatonic-schizophrenia) can include not moving much or at all, or refusing to do things or speak. Someone might also do a lot of unusual movements that don’t seem to have a purpose. You may find them purposely in strange positions or notice their unusual gestures or grimacing. People with schizophrenia may also have [echolalia](https://psychcentral.com/schizophrenia/schizophrenia-speech-patterns) (repeating what others say) or [echopraxia](https://psychcentral.com/health/echopraxia) (repeating how others move). Lack of emotional expressions A characteristic symptom of schizophrenia is a lack of emotional expression, also known as [emotional blunting](https://psychcentral.com/health/what-is-emotional-blunting). You begin to show fewer facial expressions and gestures when you respond to good or bad news. For example, although you may feel upbeat, your voice may be “[flat](https://psychcentral.com/health/what-is-flat-affect)” when you speak. Symptoms, such as having a lack of emotional expression, could significantly [increase the risk](https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/55/7/361) of suicidal thoughts or behavior. Additional signs may include: - asociality - delusions - [anhedonia](https://psychcentral.com/schizophrenia/anhedonia-schizophrenia) - comorbid [depression](https://psychcentral.com/schizophrenia/schizophrenia-depression) - history of suicidal behaviors - negative feelings toward treatment Preventing suicidal behaviors could include being aware of the signs mentioned above and receiving proper support to manage comorbid or psychotic symptoms. Schizophrenia is typically diagnosed between the ages of 16 and 30, after a person has experienced their first [psychotic episode](https://psychcentral.com/lib/what-psychotic-episodes-really-look-and-feel-like). It’s [rare](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S105649931930094X?via%3Dihub) for a young child to have schizophrenia. You may begin to see signs in early [teen](https://psychcentral.com/schizophrenia/schizophrenia-in-teens) years, such as: - spending more and more time alone - having less or no interest in how they look - suddenly having trouble thinking clearly or concentrating - having new passionate ideas that seem strange to others - becoming suspicious of others or having paranoid thoughts - experiencing a significant drop in grades or job performance - being unable to speak clearly or struggling to communicate with others - having strange feelings or seeming like they experience no feelings at all - finding it difficult to tell the difference between what’s real and what’s not real There are many common signs of schizophrenia, and you don’t need to have all of them for a doctor to diagnose the condition. If you recognize several of these symptoms and are concerned that you or a loved one may have schizophrenia, you can always reach out to a mental health professional for further support. They’ll be able to confirm a diagnosis and create a personalized treatment plan. While schizophrenia may be a challenging condition, it’s manageable with the right tools and support. Early treatment will increase your chances of successful treatment.
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