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1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 129 (from laksa185)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa129.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical, ml_categories_json AS ml_categories_json, ml_types_json AS ml_types_json, ml_intent_types_json AS ml_intent_types_json, meta_language AS meta_language, attrs_author AS attrs_author, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(attrs_publish_time), 0) AS attrs_publish_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(attrs_original_publish_time), 0) AS attrs_original_publish_time, ifNull(attrs_is_republished, 0) AS attrs_is_republished, ifNull(attrs_nr_words, 0) AS attrs_nr_words, ifNull(attrs_boilerpipe_nr_words, 0) AS attrs_boilerpipe_nr_words, ifNull(body_ext_links_number, 0) AS body_ext_links_number, ifNull(body_int_links_number, 0) AS body_int_links_number, ifNull(meta_nofollow, 0) AS meta_nofollow, ifNull(meta_noarchive, 0) AS meta_noarchive, ifNull(props_was_rendered, 0) AS props_was_rendered, ifNull(src_redirect, \'\') AS src_redirect, ifNull(download_time_msec, 0) AS download_time_msec, ifNull(download_ttfb_msec, 0) AS download_ttfb_msec, ifNull(download_size, 0) AS download_size FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2214294/\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2214294/\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC2214294\/","crawl_time":1772696931,"first_indexed_time":0,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"gov,nih!nlm,ncbi,pmc,\/articles\/PMC2214294\/ s443","src_root_hash":"7295144728021232729","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Preventing running injuries. Practical approach for family doctors - PMC","meta_descriptions":["OBJECTIVE: To present a practical approach for preventing running injuries. QUALITY OF EVIDENCE: Much of the research on running injuries is in the form of expert opinion and comparison trials. Recent systematic reviews have summarized research in ..."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":". 2003 Sep;49:1101–1109.\nAbstract\nOBJECTIVE: To present a practical approach for preventing running injuries. QUALITY OF EVIDENCE: Much of the research on running injuries is in the form of expert opinion and comparison trials. Recent systematic reviews have summarized research in orthotics, stretching before running, and interventions to prevent soft tissue injuries. MAIN MESSAGE: The most common factors implicated in running injuries are errors in training methods, inappropriate training surfaces and running shoes, malalignment of the leg, and muscle weakness and inflexibility. Runners can reduce risk of injury by using established training programs that gradually increase distance or time of running and provide appropriate rest. Orthoses and heel lifts can correct malalignments of the leg. Running shoes appropriate for runners' foot types should be selected. Lower-extremity strength and flexibility programs should be added to training. Select appropriate surfaces for training and introduce changes gradually. CONCLUSION: Prevention addresses factors proven to cause running injuries. Unfortunately, injury is often the first sign of fault in running programs, so patients should be taught to recognize early symptoms of injury.\nFull Text\nThe Full Text of this article is available as a\nPDF\n(321.9 KB).\nSelected References\nThese references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.\nAndrish J. T., Bergfeld J. A., Walheim J. A prospective study on the management of shin splints. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1974 Dec;56(8):1697–1700.\n[\nPubMed\n] [\nGoogle Scholar\n]\nBrunet M. E., Cook S. D., Brinker M. R., Dickinson J. A. A survey of running injuries in 1505 competitive and recreational runners. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 1990 Sep;30(3):307–315.\n[\nPubMed\n] [\nGoogle Scholar\n]\nD'Ambrosia R. D. Orthotic devices in running injuries. Clin Sports Med. 1985 Oct;4(4):611–618.\n[\nPubMed\n] [\nGoogle Scholar\n]\nFredericson M. Common injuries in runners. Diagnosis, rehabilitation and prevention. Sports Med. 1996 Jan;21(1):49–72. doi: 10.2165\/00007256-199621010-00005.\n[\nDOI\n] [\nPubMed\n] [\nGoogle Scholar\n]\nFyfe I., Stanish W. D. The use of eccentric training and stretching in the treatment and prevention of tendon injuries. Clin Sports Med. 1992 Jul;11(3):601–624.\n[\nPubMed\n] [\nGoogle Scholar\n]\nGross M. L., Davlin L. B., Evanski P. M. Effectiveness of orthotic shoe inserts in the long-distance runner. Am J Sports Med. 1991 Jul-Aug;19(4):409–412. doi: 10.1177\/036354659101900416.\n[\nDOI\n] [\nPubMed\n] [\nGoogle Scholar\n]\nGross R. H. Leg length discrepancy in marathon runners. Am J Sports Med. 1983 May-Jun;11(3):121–124. doi: 10.1177\/036354658301100303.\n[\nDOI\n] [\nPubMed\n] [\nGoogle Scholar\n]\nHartig D. E., Henderson J. M. Increasing hamstring flexibility decreases lower extremity overuse injuries in military basic trainees. Am J Sports Med. 1999 Mar-Apr;27(2):173–176. doi: 10.1177\/03635465990270021001.\n[\nDOI\n] [\nPubMed\n] [\nGoogle Scholar\n]\nJacobs S. J., Berson B. L. Injuries to runners: a study of entrants to a 10,000 meter race. Am J Sports Med. 1986 Mar-Apr;14(2):151–155. doi: 10.1177\/036354658601400211.\n[\nDOI\n] [\nPubMed\n] [\nGoogle Scholar\n]\nJames S. L., Bates B. T., Osternig L. R. Injuries to runners. Am J Sports Med. 1978 Mar-Apr;6(2):40–50. doi: 10.1177\/036354657800600202.\n[\nDOI\n] [\nPubMed\n] [\nGoogle Scholar\n]\nJohansson C. Knee extensor performance in runners. Differences between specific athletes and implications for injury prevention. Sports Med. 1992 Aug;14(2):75–81. doi: 10.2165\/00007256-199214020-00001.\n[\nDOI\n] [\nPubMed\n] [\nGoogle Scholar\n]\nKerner J. A., D'Amico J. C. A statistical analysis of a group of runners. J Am Podiatry Assoc. 1983 Mar;73(3):160–164. doi: 10.7547\/87507315-73-3-160.\n[\nDOI\n] [\nPubMed\n] [\nGoogle Scholar\n]\nKvist M. Achilles tendon injuries in athletes. Sports Med. 1994 Sep;18(3):173–201. doi: 10.2165\/00007256-199418030-00004.\n[\nDOI\n] [\nPubMed\n] [\nGoogle Scholar\n]\nMacera C. A., Pate R. R., Powell K. E., Jackson K. L., Kendrick J. S., Craven T. E. Predicting lower-extremity injuries among habitual runners. Arch Intern Med. 1989 Nov;149(11):2565–2568.\n[\nPubMed\n] [\nGoogle Scholar\n]\nMcCaw S. T. Leg length inequality. Implications for running injury prevention. Sports Med. 1992 Dec;14(6):422–429. doi: 10.2165\/00007256-199214060-00008.\n[\nDOI\n] [\nPubMed\n] [\nGoogle Scholar\n]\nMcKenzie D. C., Clement D. B., Taunton J. E. Running shoes, orthotics, and injuries. Sports Med. 1985 Sep-Oct;2(5):334–347. doi: 10.2165\/00007256-198502050-00003.\n[\nDOI\n] [\nPubMed\n] [\nGoogle Scholar\n]\nNigg B. M., Nurse M. A., Stefanyshyn D. J. Shoe inserts and orthotics for sport and physical activities. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1999 Jul;31(7 Suppl):S421–S428. doi: 10.1097\/00005768-199907001-00003.\n[\nDOI\n] [\nPubMed\n] [\nGoogle Scholar\n]\nPollock M. L., Gettman L. R., Milesis C. A., Bah M. D., Durstine L., Johnson R. B. Effects of frequency and duration of training on attrition and incidence of injury. Med Sci Sports. 1977 Spring;9(1):31–36.\n[\nPubMed\n] [\nGoogle Scholar\n]\nPope R. P., Herbert R. D., Kirwan J. D., Graham B. J. A randomized trial of preexercise stretching for prevention of lower-limb injury. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000 Feb;32(2):271–277. doi: 10.1097\/00005768-200002000-00004.\n[\nDOI\n] [\nPubMed\n] [\nGoogle Scholar\n]\nPope Rodney, Herbert Rob, Kirwan John. Effects of ankle dorsiflexion range and pre-exercise calf muscle stretching on injury risk in Army recruits. Aust J Physiother. 1998;44(3):165–172. doi: 10.1016\/s0004-9514(14)60376-7.\n[\nDOI\n] [\nPubMed\n] [\nGoogle Scholar\n]\nRazeghi M., Batt M. E. Biomechanical analysis of the effect of orthotic shoe inserts: a review of the literature. Sports Med. 2000 Jun;29(6):425–438. doi: 10.2165\/00007256-200029060-00005.\n[\nDOI\n] [\nPubMed\n] [\nGoogle Scholar\n]\nRudzki S. J. Injuries in Australian Army recruits. Part I: Decreased incidence and severity of injury seen with reduced running distance. Mil Med. 1997 Jul;162(7):472–476.\n[\nPubMed\n] [\nGoogle Scholar\n]\nRudzki S. J. Injuries in Australian Army recruits. Part II: Location and cause of injuries seen in recruits. Mil Med. 1997 Jul;162(7):477–480.\n[\nPubMed\n] [\nGoogle Scholar\n]\nRudzki S. J. Injuries in Australian Army recruits. Part III: The accuracy of a pretraining orthopedic screen in predicting ultimate injury outcome. Mil Med. 1997 Jul;162(7):481–483.\n[\nPubMed\n] [\nGoogle Scholar\n]\nSchwellnus M. P., Jordaan G., Noakes T. D. Prevention of common overuse injuries by the use of shock absorbing insoles. A prospective study. Am J Sports Med. 1990 Nov-Dec;18(6):636–641. doi: 10.1177\/036354659001800614.\n[\nDOI\n] [\nPubMed\n] [\nGoogle Scholar\n]\nShrier I. Stretching before exercise does not reduce the risk of local muscle injury: a critical review of the clinical and basic science literature. Clin J Sport Med. 1999 Oct;9(4):221–227. doi: 10.1097\/00042752-199910000-00007.\n[\nDOI\n] [\nPubMed\n] [\nGoogle Scholar\n]\nSimkin A., Leichter I., Giladi M., Stein M., Milgrom C. Combined effect of foot arch structure and an orthotic device on stress fractures. Foot Ankle. 1989 Aug;10(1):25–29. doi: 10.1177\/107110078901000105.\n[\nDOI\n] [\nPubMed\n] [\nGoogle Scholar\n]\nSmith W., Walter J., Jr, Bailey M. Effects of insoles in Coast Guard basic training footwear. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 1985 Dec;75(12):644–647. doi: 10.7547\/87507315-75-12-644.\n[\nDOI\n] [\nPubMed\n] [\nGoogle Scholar\n]\nTaunton J. E., Ryan M. B., Clement D. B., McKenzie D. C., Lloyd-Smith D. R., Zumbo B. D. A prospective study of running injuries: the Vancouver Sun Run \"In Training\" clinics. Br J Sports Med. 2003 Jun;37(3):239–244. doi: 10.1136\/bjsm.37.3.239.\n[\nDOI\n] [\nPMC free article\n] [\nPubMed\n] [\nGoogle Scholar\n]\nWalter S. D., Hart L. E., McIntosh J. M., Sutton J. R. The Ontario cohort study of running-related injuries. Arch Intern Med. 1989 Nov;149(11):2561–2564.\n[\nPubMed\n] [\nGoogle Scholar\n]\nWen D. Y., Puffer J. C., Schmalzried T. P. Injuries in runners: a prospective study of alignment. Clin J Sport Med. 1998 Jul;8(3):187–194. doi: 10.1097\/00042752-199807000-00005.\n[\nDOI\n] [\nPubMed\n] [\nGoogle Scholar\n]\nWen D. Y., Puffer J. C., Schmalzried T. P. Lower extremity alignment and risk of overuse injuries in runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1997 Oct;29(10):1291–1298. doi: 10.1097\/00005768-199710000-00003.\n[\nDOI\n] [\nPubMed\n] [\nGoogle Scholar\n]\nYeung E. W., Yeung S. S. A systematic review of interventions to prevent lower limb soft tissue running injuries. Br J Sports Med. 2001 Dec;35(6):383–389. doi: 10.1136\/bjsm.35.6.383.\n[\nDOI\n] [\nPMC free article\n] [\nPubMed\n] [\nGoogle Scholar\n]\nvan Mechelen W., Hlobil H., Kemper H. C., Voorn W. J., de Jongh H. R. Prevention of running injuries by warm-up, cool-down, and stretching exercises. Am J Sports Med. 1993 Sep-Oct;21(5):711–719. doi: 10.1177\/036354659302100513.\n[\nDOI\n] [\nPubMed\n] [\nGoogle Scholar\n]","attrs_markdown":"[Skip to main content](https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC2214294\/#main-content)\n\n![](https:\/\/cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/pd-medc-pmc-cloudpmc-viewer\/production\/a2b04810\/var\/data\/static\/img\/us_flag.svg)\n\nAn official website of the United States government\n\nHere's how you know\n\nHere's how you know\n\n![](https:\/\/cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/pd-medc-pmc-cloudpmc-viewer\/production\/a2b04810\/var\/data\/static\/img\/icon-dot-gov.svg)\n\n**Official websites use .gov**   \n A **.gov** website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.\n\n![](https:\/\/cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/pd-medc-pmc-cloudpmc-viewer\/production\/a2b04810\/var\/data\/static\/img\/icon-https.svg)\n\n**Secure .gov websites use HTTPS**   \n A **lock** ( Locked padlock icon) or **https:\/\/** means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.\n\n[![NCBI home page](https:\/\/cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/pd-medc-pmc-cloudpmc-viewer\/production\/a2b04810\/var\/data\/static\/img\/ncbi-logos\/nih-nlm-ncbi--white.svg)](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/)\n\n![](https:\/\/cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/pd-medc-pmc-cloudpmc-viewer\/production\/a2b04810\/var\/data\/static\/img\/search.svg) Search\n\n![](https:\/\/cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/pd-medc-pmc-cloudpmc-viewer\/production\/a2b04810\/var\/data\/static\/img\/person.svg) Log in ![](https:\/\/cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/pd-medc-pmc-cloudpmc-viewer\/production\/a2b04810\/var\/data\/static\/img\/expand_less.svg) ![](https:\/\/cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/pd-medc-pmc-cloudpmc-viewer\/production\/a2b04810\/var\/data\/static\/img\/expand_more.svg)\n\n- [Dashboard](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/myncbi\/)\n- [Publications](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/myncbi\/collections\/bibliography\/)\n- [Account settings](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/account\/settings\/)\n- Log out\n\nPrimary site navigation\n\n![Close](https:\/\/cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/pd-medc-pmc-cloudpmc-viewer\/production\/a2b04810\/var\/data\/static\/img\/usa-icons\/close.svg)\n\nLogged in as:\n\n- [Dashboard](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/myncbi\/)\n- [Publications](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/myncbi\/collections\/bibliography\/)\n- [Account settings](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/account\/settings\/)\n\nLog in\n\n![PMC search open icon](https:\/\/cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/pd-medc-pmc-cloudpmc-viewer\/production\/a2b04810\/var\/data\/static\/img\/search.svg) ![PMC search close ison](https:\/\/cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/pd-medc-pmc-cloudpmc-viewer\/production\/a2b04810\/var\/data\/static\/img\/close.svg)\n\n- [Journal List](https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/journals\/)\n- [User Guide](https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/about\/userguide\/)\n\n- ![Open resources icon](https:\/\/cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/pd-medc-pmc-cloudpmc-viewer\/production\/a2b04810\/var\/data\/static\/img\/more_vert.svg)\n- [![Download PDF icon](https:\/\/cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/pd-medc-pmc-cloudpmc-viewer\/production\/a2b04810\/var\/data\/static\/img\/file_download.svg)](https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC2214294\/pdf\/14526862.pdf \"Download PDF\")\n- ![Collections icon](https:\/\/cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/pd-medc-pmc-cloudpmc-viewer\/production\/a2b04810\/var\/data\/static\/img\/action-bookmark-full.svg) ![Collections icon](https:\/\/cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/pd-medc-pmc-cloudpmc-viewer\/production\/a2b04810\/var\/data\/static\/img\/action-bookmark-empty.svg)\n- ![Cite icon](https:\/\/cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/pd-medc-pmc-cloudpmc-viewer\/production\/a2b04810\/var\/data\/static\/img\/format_quote.svg)\n- ![Show article permalink icon](https:\/\/cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/pd-medc-pmc-cloudpmc-viewer\/production\/a2b04810\/var\/data\/static\/img\/share.svg)\n  ## PERMALINK\n  ![Copy icon](https:\/\/cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/pd-medc-pmc-cloudpmc-viewer\/production\/a2b04810\/var\/data\/static\/img\/content_copy.svg) Copy\n\n![Open article navigation icon](https:\/\/cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/pd-medc-pmc-cloudpmc-viewer\/production\/a2b04810\/var\/data\/static\/img\/list.svg)\n\nAs a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. Inclusion in an NLM database does not imply endorsement of, or agreement with, the contents by NLM or the National Institutes of Health.  \n Learn more: [PMC Disclaimer](https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/about\/disclaimer\/) \\|  [PMC Copyright Notice](https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/about\/copyright\/)\n\n![Canadian Family Physician logo](https:\/\/cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/banners\/logo-canfamphys.gif)\n\nCan Fam Physician\n\n. 2003 Sep;49:1101–1109.\n\n- [Search in PMC](https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/search\/?term=\"Can%20Fam%20Physician\"[jour])\n- [Search in PubMed](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=\"Can%20Fam%20Physician\"[jour])\n- [View in NLM Catalog](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/nlmcatalog?term=\"Can%20Fam%20Physician\"[Title%20Abbreviation])\n- [Add to search](https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC2214294\/?term=\"Can%20Fam%20Physician\"[jour])\n\n# Preventing running injuries. Practical approach for family doctors.\n[C A M Johnston](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=\"Johnston%20CAM\"[Author])\n\n### C A M Johnston\n1\n\nFind articles by [C A M Johnston](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=\"Johnston%20CAM\"[Author])\n\n1, [J E Taunton](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=\"Taunton%20JE\"[Author])\n\n### J E Taunton\n1\n\nFind articles by [J E Taunton](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=\"Taunton%20JE\"[Author])\n\n1, [D R Lloyd-Smith](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=\"Lloyd-Smith%20DR\"[Author])\n\n### D R Lloyd-Smith\n1\n\nFind articles by [D R Lloyd-Smith](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=\"Lloyd-Smith%20DR\"[Author])\n\n1, [D C McKenzie](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=\"McKenzie%20DC\"[Author])\n\n### D C McKenzie\n1\n\nFind articles by [D C McKenzie](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=\"McKenzie%20DC\"[Author])\n\n1\n\n- Author information\n- Copyright and License information\n\n1\n\n[PMC Copyright notice](https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/about\/copyright\/)\n\nPMCID: PMC2214294 PMID: [14526862](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/14526862\/)\n\n## Abstract\nOBJECTIVE: To present a practical approach for preventing running injuries. QUALITY OF EVIDENCE: Much of the research on running injuries is in the form of expert opinion and comparison trials. Recent systematic reviews have summarized research in orthotics, stretching before running, and interventions to prevent soft tissue injuries. MAIN MESSAGE: The most common factors implicated in running injuries are errors in training methods, inappropriate training surfaces and running shoes, malalignment of the leg, and muscle weakness and inflexibility. Runners can reduce risk of injury by using established training programs that gradually increase distance or time of running and provide appropriate rest. Orthoses and heel lifts can correct malalignments of the leg. Running shoes appropriate for runners' foot types should be selected. Lower-extremity strength and flexibility programs should be added to training. Select appropriate surfaces for training and introduce changes gradually. CONCLUSION: Prevention addresses factors proven to cause running injuries. Unfortunately, injury is often the first sign of fault in running programs, so patients should be taught to recognize early symptoms of injury.\n\n## Full Text\nThe Full Text of this article is available as a [PDF](https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/instance\/2214294\/pdf\/14526862.pdf) (321.9 KB).\n\n## Selected References\nThese references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.\n\n1. Andrish J. T., Bergfeld J. A., Walheim J. A prospective study on the management of shin splints. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1974 Dec;56(8):1697–1700.\n   \\[[PubMed](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/4434039\/)\\] \\[[Google Scholar](https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?journal=J%20Bone%20Joint%20Surg%20Am&title=A%20prospective%20study%20on%20the%20management%20of%20shin%20splints.&author=J.%20T.%20Andrish&author=J.%20A.%20Bergfeld&author=J.%20Walheim&volume=56&issue=8&publication_year=1974&pages=1697-1700&pmid=4434039&)\\]\n2. Brunet M. E., Cook S. D., Brinker M. R., Dickinson J. A. A survey of running injuries in 1505 competitive and recreational runners. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 1990 Sep;30(3):307–315.\n   \\[[PubMed](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/2266763\/)\\] \\[[Google Scholar](https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?journal=J%20Sports%20Med%20Phys%20Fitness&title=A%20survey%20of%20running%20injuries%20in%201505%20competitive%20and%20recreational%20runners.&author=M.%20E.%20Brunet&author=S.%20D.%20Cook&author=M.%20R.%20Brinker&author=J.%20A.%20Dickinson&volume=30&issue=3&publication_year=1990&pages=307-315&pmid=2266763&)\\]\n3. D'Ambrosia R. D. Orthotic devices in running injuries. Clin Sports Med. 1985 Oct;4(4):611–618.\n   \\[[PubMed](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/4053191\/)\\] \\[[Google Scholar](https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?journal=Clin%20Sports%20Med&title=Orthotic%20devices%20in%20running%20injuries.&author=R.%20D.%20D'Ambrosia&volume=4&issue=4&publication_year=1985&pages=611-618&pmid=4053191&)\\]\n4. Fredericson M. Common injuries in runners. Diagnosis, rehabilitation and prevention. Sports Med. 1996 Jan;21(1):49–72. doi: 10.2165\/00007256-199621010-00005.\n   \\[[DOI](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00007256-199621010-00005)\\] \\[[PubMed](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/8771285\/)\\] \\[[Google Scholar](https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?journal=Sports%20Med&title=Common%20injuries%20in%20runners.%20Diagnosis,%20rehabilitation%20and%20prevention.&author=M.%20Fredericson&volume=21&issue=1&publication_year=1996&pages=49-72&pmid=8771285&doi=10.2165\/00007256-199621010-00005&)\\]\n5. Fyfe I., Stanish W. D. 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QUALITY OF EVIDENCE: Much of the research on running injuries is in the form of expert opinion and comparison trials. Recent systematic reviews have summarized research in orthotics, stretching before running, and interventions to prevent soft tissue injuries. MAIN MESSAGE: The most common factors implicated in running injuries are errors in training methods, inappropriate training surfaces and running shoes, malalignment of the leg, and muscle weakness and inflexibility. Runners can reduce risk of injury by using established training programs that gradually increase distance or time of running and provide appropriate rest. Orthoses and heel lifts can correct malalignments of the leg. Running shoes appropriate for runners' foot types should be selected. Lower-extremity strength and flexibility programs should be added to training. Select appropriate surfaces for training and introduce changes gradually. CONCLUSION: Prevention addresses factors proven to cause running injuries. 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Preventing running injuries. Practical approach for family doctors - PMC

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OBJECTIVE: To present a practical approach for preventing running injuries. QUALITY OF EVIDENCE: Much of the research on running injuries is in the form of expert opinion and comparison trials. Recent systematic reviews have summarized research in ...

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. 2003 Sep;49:1101–1109. Abstract OBJECTIVE: To present a practical approach for preventing running injuries. QUALITY OF EVIDENCE: Much of the research on running injuries is in the form of expert opinion and comparison trials. Recent systematic reviews have summarized research in orthotics, stretching before running, and interventions to prevent soft tissue injuries. MAIN MESSAGE: The most common factors implicated in running injuries are errors in training methods, inappropriate training surfaces and running shoes, malalignment of the leg, and muscle weakness and inflexibility. Runners can reduce risk of injury by using established training programs that gradually increase distance or time of running and provide appropriate rest. Orthoses and heel lifts can correct malalignments of the leg. Running shoes appropriate for runners' foot types should be selected. Lower-extremity strength and flexibility programs should be added to training. Select appropriate surfaces for training and introduce changes gradually. CONCLUSION: Prevention addresses factors proven to cause running injuries. Unfortunately, injury is often the first sign of fault in running programs, so patients should be taught to recognize early symptoms of injury. Full Text The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (321.9 KB). Selected References These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article. Andrish J. T., Bergfeld J. A., Walheim J. A prospective study on the management of shin splints. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1974 Dec;56(8):1697–1700. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] Brunet M. E., Cook S. D., Brinker M. R., Dickinson J. A. A survey of running injuries in 1505 competitive and recreational runners. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 1990 Sep;30(3):307–315. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] D'Ambrosia R. D. Orthotic devices in running injuries. Clin Sports Med. 1985 Oct;4(4):611–618. 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[ DOI ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]

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Inclusion in an NLM database does not imply endorsement of, or agreement with, the contents by NLM or the National Institutes of Health. Learn more: [PMC Disclaimer](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/about/disclaimer/) \| [PMC Copyright Notice](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/about/copyright/) ![Canadian Family Physician logo](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/banners/logo-canfamphys.gif) Can Fam Physician . 2003 Sep;49:1101–1109. - [Search in PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/search/?term="Can%20Fam%20Physician"[jour]) - [Search in PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term="Can%20Fam%20Physician"[jour]) - [View in NLM Catalog](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term="Can%20Fam%20Physician"[Title%20Abbreviation]) - [Add to search](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2214294/?term="Can%20Fam%20Physician"[jour]) # Preventing running injuries. Practical approach for family doctors. [C A M Johnston](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term="Johnston%20CAM"[Author]) ### C A M Johnston 1 Find articles by [C A M Johnston](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term="Johnston%20CAM"[Author]) 1, [J E Taunton](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term="Taunton%20JE"[Author]) ### J E Taunton 1 Find articles by [J E Taunton](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term="Taunton%20JE"[Author]) 1, [D R Lloyd-Smith](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term="Lloyd-Smith%20DR"[Author]) ### D R Lloyd-Smith 1 Find articles by [D R Lloyd-Smith](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term="Lloyd-Smith%20DR"[Author]) 1, [D C McKenzie](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term="McKenzie%20DC"[Author]) ### D C McKenzie 1 Find articles by [D C McKenzie](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term="McKenzie%20DC"[Author]) 1 - Author information - Copyright and License information 1 [PMC Copyright notice](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/about/copyright/) PMCID: PMC2214294 PMID: [14526862](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14526862/) ## Abstract OBJECTIVE: To present a practical approach for preventing running injuries. QUALITY OF EVIDENCE: Much of the research on running injuries is in the form of expert opinion and comparison trials. Recent systematic reviews have summarized research in orthotics, stretching before running, and interventions to prevent soft tissue injuries. MAIN MESSAGE: The most common factors implicated in running injuries are errors in training methods, inappropriate training surfaces and running shoes, malalignment of the leg, and muscle weakness and inflexibility. Runners can reduce risk of injury by using established training programs that gradually increase distance or time of running and provide appropriate rest. Orthoses and heel lifts can correct malalignments of the leg. Running shoes appropriate for runners' foot types should be selected. Lower-extremity strength and flexibility programs should be added to training. Select appropriate surfaces for training and introduce changes gradually. CONCLUSION: Prevention addresses factors proven to cause running injuries. Unfortunately, injury is often the first sign of fault in running programs, so patients should be taught to recognize early symptoms of injury. ## Full Text The Full Text of this article is available as a [PDF](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2214294/pdf/14526862.pdf) (321.9 KB). ## Selected References These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article. 1. Andrish J. T., Bergfeld J. A., Walheim J. A prospective study on the management of shin splints. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1974 Dec;56(8):1697–1700. \[[PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4434039/)\] \[[Google Scholar](https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?journal=J%20Bone%20Joint%20Surg%20Am&title=A%20prospective%20study%20on%20the%20management%20of%20shin%20splints.&author=J.%20T.%20Andrish&author=J.%20A.%20Bergfeld&author=J.%20Walheim&volume=56&issue=8&publication_year=1974&pages=1697-1700&pmid=4434039&)\] 2. Brunet M. E., Cook S. D., Brinker M. R., Dickinson J. A. 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. 2003 Sep;49:1101–1109. ## Abstract OBJECTIVE: To present a practical approach for preventing running injuries. QUALITY OF EVIDENCE: Much of the research on running injuries is in the form of expert opinion and comparison trials. Recent systematic reviews have summarized research in orthotics, stretching before running, and interventions to prevent soft tissue injuries. MAIN MESSAGE: The most common factors implicated in running injuries are errors in training methods, inappropriate training surfaces and running shoes, malalignment of the leg, and muscle weakness and inflexibility. Runners can reduce risk of injury by using established training programs that gradually increase distance or time of running and provide appropriate rest. Orthoses and heel lifts can correct malalignments of the leg. Running shoes appropriate for runners' foot types should be selected. Lower-extremity strength and flexibility programs should be added to training. Select appropriate surfaces for training and introduce changes gradually. CONCLUSION: Prevention addresses factors proven to cause running injuries. Unfortunately, injury is often the first sign of fault in running programs, so patients should be taught to recognize early symptoms of injury. ## Full Text The Full Text of this article is available as a [PDF](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2214294/pdf/14526862.pdf) (321.9 KB). ## Selected References These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article. 1. Andrish J. T., Bergfeld J. A., Walheim J. A prospective study on the management of shin splints. 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