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Learn more: [PMC Disclaimer](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/about/disclaimer/) \| [PMC Copyright Notice](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/about/copyright/)  Biophys J . 1996 Sep;71(3):1539–1544. doi: [10\.1016/S0006-3495(96)79356-6](https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3495\(96\)79356-6) - [Search in PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/search/?term=%22Biophys%20J%22%5Bjour%5D) - [Search in PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Biophys%20J%22%5Bjour%5D) - [View in NLM Catalog](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Biophys%20J%22%5BTitle%20Abbreviation%5D) - [Add to search](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1233620/?term=%22Biophys%20J%22%5Bjour%5D) # Is there an error correcting code in the base sequence in DNA? [L S Liebovitch](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Liebovitch%20LS%22%5BAuthor%5D) ### L S Liebovitch 1Center for Complex Systems, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton 33431, USA. liebovitch@walt.ccs.fau.edu Find articles by [L S Liebovitch](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Liebovitch%20LS%22%5BAuthor%5D) 1, [Y Tao](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Tao%20Y%22%5BAuthor%5D) ### Y Tao 1Center for Complex Systems, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton 33431, USA. liebovitch@walt.ccs.fau.edu Find articles by [Y Tao](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Tao%20Y%22%5BAuthor%5D) 1, [A T Todorov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Todorov%20AT%22%5BAuthor%5D) ### A T Todorov 1Center for Complex Systems, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton 33431, USA. liebovitch@walt.ccs.fau.edu Find articles by [A T Todorov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Todorov%20AT%22%5BAuthor%5D) 1, [L Levine](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Levine%20L%22%5BAuthor%5D) ### L Levine 1Center for Complex Systems, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton 33431, USA. liebovitch@walt.ccs.fau.edu Find articles by [L Levine](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Levine%20L%22%5BAuthor%5D) 1 - Author information - Copyright and License information 1Center for Complex Systems, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton 33431, USA. liebovitch@walt.ccs.fau.edu [PMC Copyright notice](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/about/copyright/) PMCID: PMC1233620 PMID: [8874027](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8874027/) ## Abstract Modern methods of encoding information into digital form include error check digits that are functions of the other information digits. When digital information is transmitted, the values of the error check digits can be computed from the information digits to determine whether the information has been received accurately. These error correcting codes make it possible to detect and correct common errors in transmission. The sequence of bases in DNA is also a digital code consisting of four symbols: A, C, G, and T. Does DNA also contain an error correcting code? Such a code would allow repair enzymes to protect the fidelity of nonreplicating DNA and increase the accuracy of replication. If a linear block error correcting code is present in DNA then some bases would be a linear function of the other bases in each set of bases. We developed an efficient procedure to determine whether such an error correcting code is present in the base sequence. We illustrate the use of this procedure by using it to analyze the lac operon and the gene for cytochrome c. These genes do not appear to contain such a simple error correcting code. ## Full text [PDF](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/1233620/pdf/biophysj00043-0379.pdf) - [Previous](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1233620/?page=0) - [1539](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1233620/?page=1) - [1540](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1233620/?page=2) - [1541](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1233620/?page=3) - [1542](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1233620/?page=4) - [1543](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1233620/?page=5) - [1544](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1233620/?page=6) - [Next](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1233620/?page=2)       ## Selected References These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article. 1. Forsdyke D. R. Are introns in-series error-detecting sequences? 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J Theor Biol. 1983 Oct 21;104(4):701–702. doi: 10.1016/0022-5193(83)90257-6. \[[DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5193\(83\)90257-6)\] \[[PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6645569/)\] \[[Google Scholar](https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?journal=J%20Theor%20Biol&title=Is%20genetic%20code%20error-correcting?&author=J.%20Rzeszowska-Wolny&volume=104&issue=4&publication_year=1983&pages=701-702&pmid=6645569&doi=10.1016/0022-5193\(83\)90257-6&)\] *** Articles from Biophysical Journal are provided here courtesy of **The Biophysical Society**  ## ACTIONS - [View on publisher site](https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3495\(96\)79356-6) - [PDF (999.5 KB)](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1233620/pdf/biophysj00043-0379.pdf) - Cite - Collections - Permalink ## PERMALINK Copy ## RESOURCES ### Similar articles ### Cited by other articles ### Links to NCBI Databases ## Cite - Copy - [Download .nbib .nbib](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1233620/ "Download a file for external citation management software") - Format: ## Add to Collections Follow NCBI [NCBI on X (formerly known as Twitter)](https://twitter.com/ncbi) [NCBI on Facebook](https://www.facebook.com/ncbi.nlm) [NCBI on LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com/company/ncbinlm) [NCBI on GitHub](https://github.com/ncbi) [NCBI RSS feed](https://ncbiinsights.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) Connect with NLM [NLM on X (formerly known as Twitter)](https://twitter.com/nlm_nih) [NLM on Facebook](https://www.facebook.com/nationallibraryofmedicine) [NLM on YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/user/NLMNIH) [National Library of Medicine 8600 Rockville Pike Bethesda, MD 20894](https://www.google.com/maps/place/8600+Rockville+Pike,+Bethesda,+MD+20894/%4038.9959508,%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20-77.101021,17z/data%3D!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x89b7c95e25765ddb%3A0x19156f88b27635b8!8m2!3d38.9959508!%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%204d-77.0988323) - [Web Policies](https://www.nlm.nih.gov/web_policies.html) - [FOIA](https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office) - [HHS Vulnerability Disclosure](https://www.hhs.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy/index.html) - [Help](https://support.nlm.nih.gov/) - [Accessibility](https://www.nlm.nih.gov/accessibility.html) - [Careers](https://www.nlm.nih.gov/careers/careers.html) - [NLM](https://www.nlm.nih.gov/) - [NIH](https://www.nih.gov/) - [HHS](https://www.hhs.gov/) - [USA.gov](https://www.usa.gov/) Back to Top