🕷️ Crawler Inspector

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Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 39 (from laksa168)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa039.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://phoenixnap.com/kb/git-revert-last-commit\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://phoenixnap.com/kb/git-revert-last-commit\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/phoenixnap.com\/kb\/git-revert-last-commit","crawl_time":1775917953,"first_indexed_time":1584636498,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"com,phoenixnap!\/kb\/git-revert-last-commit s443","src_root_hash":"8557101678125738839","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Git Revert Commit: How to Revert Previous Commit","meta_descriptions":["Learn how to revert your Git commits the easy way. This tutorial has all the commands you need with examples, git reset & git revert. Undo the last commit!"],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Home\n»\nKB\n»\nSysAdmin\n»\nGit Revert Commit: How to Undo Last Commit\nTopics:\nGit\nis a popular project tracking application. As a project progresses through different revisions, those revisions are published as a \ncommit\n. A commit represents a checkpoint, where a copy of the project is saved at a specific point.\nThis guide shows you how to undo the last commit in git.\nPrerequisites\nAn existing project in Git\nAccess to a terminal window\/command line\nNote:\nIf you wish to undo a commit to correct an error in the commit message, there is a better way to do it. Learn how to\nchange a Git commit message\n.\nHow to Revert Commit\nGit offers many features to manage your project from different historical commits. You can view and revert a previous commit, either published or unpublished.\nRead on to learn how to identify and revert a published commit. Also, if you want to learn more about Git, check out our article on\nhow does Git work\n.\nIdentifying the Commit\nA hash is an alphanumeric code that identifies each commit. Enter the following command to display a commit hash:\ngit log\nThe hash is necessary to display or manage a specific commit.\nTo analyze the status of your project from a previous commit, use the checkout command:\ngit checkout [hash]\nWhen using a hash with a Git command, there is no need to type it in its entirety. The first few unique characters are enough for Git to identify an entry accurately.\nNote:\nFind out how to use\nGit checkout tags\nand why they are useful for your development project.\nGit Revert: Reverting the Last Git Commit\nOnce a commit is uploaded to the server, it creates a more permanent project log. It is not advisable to use \nreset\n in this case as other developers may have retrieved the updated project already.\nDeleting updates from one system may cause conflicts with other team members. Instead, use the \nrevert\n command:\ngit revert [hash]\nMake sure to enter the code for the hash you want to revert to. The system asks you to enter a specific commit message for the changes the \nrevert\n command is going to perform.\nThis action creates a new commit based on the one you specified, with a \nrevert\ntag. This acts as a log, showing that the commit was published and then reverted (instead of pretending it never happened).\nNote:\nLearn how to use\nGit cherry-pick\nto select and apply a single commit from one branch to another.\nGit Reset: Revert Unpublished Commits\nAn\nunpublished commit\nis an update committed in Git but that has not been uploaded to a server. To reset to a previous commit, before any changes were made:\ngit reset --hard [hash]\nThis command wipes the slate clean back to the previous commit. Any changes you made will be lost after using the\nreset --hard command\n.\nIf you want to preserve your work, you can use\nGit stash\n:\ngit stash\ngit reset --hard [hash]\ngit stash pop\nThe \nstash\n \ncommand saves the work you did, and \nstash pop\nretrieves those changes after the reset. Alternately you can use the following:\ngit reset --soft [hash]\nThis command resets the commit history, but it leaves your working directory and staging index as-is.\nNote:\nGit stash allows users to save their uncommitted files and work in progress to a local stash. Learn how to\nGit stash specific files\n.\nGit Amend: Modify the Last Commit\nTo modify the most recent commit, use the\ngit commit --amend\ncommand. This command replaces the last commit with the amended commit without altering the snapshot.\nThe\n--amend\nflag is usually used to fix minor mistakes.\nFor instance, you want to commit a couple of files in a single snapshot but forget to add one of the files before committing. This issue is easily solved using the\n--amend\noption.\nFirst, you add the missing file using:\ngit add file2.py\nThen, run the command:\ngit commit --amend --no-edit\nThe\n--no-edit\noption amends the commit without changing the commit message.\nConclusion\nYou now know how to use the\nrevert\nand\nreset\ncommands to undo changes and revert to a previous commit. Additionally, you have learned how to check the status of your current commit.\nRemember not to use\nreset\nfor published commits as it may lead to version conflicts.\nWas this article helpful?\nYes\nNo","attrs_markdown":"- [Call](https:\/\/phoenixnap.com\/kb\/git-revert-last-commit)\n  - [Support](tel:1-855-330-1509)\n  - [Sales](tel:1-877-588-5918)\n- [Login](https:\/\/phoenixnap.com\/kb\/git-revert-last-commit)\n  - [Bare Metal Cloud](https:\/\/bmc.phoenixnap.com\/)\n  - [Admin Hub](https:\/\/admin.phoenixnap.com\/)\n- [Partners](https:\/\/phoenixnap.com\/partners)\n\n- [![](data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%201%201'%3E%3C\/svg%3E)![](https:\/\/phoenixnap.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/01-colocation-mobile.svg)COLOCATION](https:\/\/phoenixnap.com\/colocation)\n  - [![](data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%201%201'%3E%3C\/svg%3E)![](https:\/\/phoenixnap.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/02-colocation-plus.svg)Colocation Premier Carrier Hotel](https:\/\/phoenixnap.com\/colocation)\n  - 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As a project progresses through different revisions, those revisions are published as a [commit](https:\/\/phoenixnap.com\/kb\/git-commit). A commit represents a checkpoint, where a copy of the project is saved at a specific point.\n\n**This guide shows you how to undo the last commit in git.**\n\n![How can I revert the last commit in git?](data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20801%20402'%3E%3C\/svg%3E)\n\n![How can I revert the last commit in git?](https:\/\/phoenixnap.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/how-to-revert-the-last-commit-in-git.png)\n\nPrerequisites\n\n- An existing project in Git\n- Access to a terminal window\/command line\n\n**Note:** If you wish to undo a commit to correct an error in the commit message, there is a better way to do it. Learn how to [change a Git commit message](https:\/\/phoenixnap.com\/kb\/git-change-commit-message).\n\n## How to Revert Commit\nGit offers many features to manage your project from different historical commits. You can view and revert a previous commit, either published or unpublished.\n\nRead on to learn how to identify and revert a published commit. Also, if you want to learn more about Git, check out our article on [how does Git work](https:\/\/phoenixnap.com\/kb\/how-git-works).\n\n### Identifying the Commit\nA hash is an alphanumeric code that identifies each commit. Enter the following command to display a commit hash:\n```\ngit log\n```\nThe hash is necessary to display or manage a specific commit.\n\n![Example of Git commit hash](data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20800%20110'%3E%3C\/svg%3E)\n\n![Example of Git commit hash](https:\/\/phoenixnap.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/find-git-commit-hash-log.png)\n\nTo analyze the status of your project from a previous commit, use the checkout command:\n```\ngit checkout [hash]\n```\nWhen using a hash with a Git command, there is no need to type it in its entirety. The first few unique characters are enough for Git to identify an entry accurately.\n\n**Note:** Find out how to use [Git checkout tags](https:\/\/phoenixnap.com\/kb\/git-checkout-tag) and why they are useful for your development project.\n\n### Git Revert: Reverting the Last Git Commit\nOnce a commit is uploaded to the server, it creates a more permanent project log. It is not advisable to use **reset** in this case as other developers may have retrieved the updated project already.\n\nDeleting updates from one system may cause conflicts with other team members. Instead, use the **revert** command:\n```\ngit revert [hash]\n```\nMake sure to enter the code for the hash you want to revert to. The system asks you to enter a specific commit message for the changes the **revert** command is going to perform.\n\n![Define commit message for the revert action](data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20800%20235'%3E%3C\/svg%3E)\n\n![Define commit message for the revert action](https:\/\/phoenixnap.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/commit-message-for-git-revert-command.png)\n\nThis action creates a new commit based on the one you specified, with a **`revert`** tag. This acts as a log, showing that the commit was published and then reverted (instead of pretending it never happened).\n\n**Note:** Learn how to use [Git cherry-pick](https:\/\/phoenixnap.com\/kb\/git-cherry-pick) to select and apply a single commit from one branch to another.\n\n## Git Reset: Revert Unpublished Commits\nAn **unpublished commit** is an update committed in Git but that has not been uploaded to a server. To reset to a previous commit, before any changes were made:\n```\ngit reset --hard [hash]\n```\nThis command wipes the slate clean back to the previous commit. Any changes you made will be lost after using the [reset --hard command](https:\/\/phoenixnap.com\/kb\/git-reset-hard).\n\nIf you want to preserve your work, you can use [Git stash](https:\/\/phoenixnap.com\/kb\/git-stash):\n```\ngit stash\ngit reset --hard [hash]\ngit stash pop\n```\nThe **`stash`** command saves the work you did, and **`stash pop`** retrieves those changes after the reset. Alternately you can use the following:\n```\ngit reset --soft [hash]\n```\nThis command resets the commit history, but it leaves your working directory and staging index as-is.\n\n**Note:** Git stash allows users to save their uncommitted files and work in progress to a local stash. Learn how to [Git stash specific files](https:\/\/phoenixnap.com\/kb\/git-stash-specific-files).\n\n## Git Amend: Modify the Last Commit\nTo modify the most recent commit, use the **`git commit --amend`** command. This command replaces the last commit with the amended commit without altering the snapshot.\n\nThe **`--amend`** flag is usually used to fix minor mistakes.\n\nFor instance, you want to commit a couple of files in a single snapshot but forget to add one of the files before committing. This issue is easily solved using the **`--amend`** option.\n\nFirst, you add the missing file using:\n```\ngit add file2.py\n```\nThen, run the command:\n```\ngit commit --amend --no-edit\n```\nThe **`--no-edit`** option amends the commit without changing the commit message.\n\n**Note:** If you need to restore a missing repository, refer to our guide [How to Restore a Git Repository](https:\/\/phoenixnap.com\/kb\/restore-git-repository).\n\nConclusion\n\nYou now know how to use the **`revert`** and **`reset`** commands to undo changes and revert to a previous commit. Additionally, you have learned how to check the status of your current commit.\n\nRemember not to use **`reset`** for published commits as it may lead to version conflicts.\n\nWas this article helpful?\n\nYesNo\n\nContents\n\n- [How to Revert Commit](https:\/\/phoenixnap.com\/kb\/git-revert-last-commit#How_to_Revert_Commit)\n  - [Identifying the Commit](https:\/\/phoenixnap.com\/kb\/git-revert-last-commit#Identifying_the_Commit)\n  - [Git Revert: Reverting the Last Git Commit](https:\/\/phoenixnap.com\/kb\/git-revert-last-commit#Git_Revert_Reverting_the_Last_Git_Commit)\n- [Git Reset: Revert Unpublished Commits](https:\/\/phoenixnap.com\/kb\/git-revert-last-commit#Git_Reset_Revert_Unpublished_Commits)\n- [Git Amend: Modify the Last Commit](https:\/\/phoenixnap.com\/kb\/git-revert-last-commit#Git_Amend_Modify_the_Last_Commit)\n\nSubscribe to our newsletter\n\n[SUBSCRIBE](https:\/\/phoenixnap.com\/developers-monthly-newsletter)\n\nNext you should read\n\n[![How to Undo & Redo in 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All Rights Reserved.","attrs_readable_markdown":"[Home](https:\/\/phoenixnap.com\/) » [KB](https:\/\/phoenixnap.com\/kb\/) » [SysAdmin](https:\/\/phoenixnap.com\/kb\/category\/sysadmin) » Git Revert Commit: How to Undo Last Commit\n\n![](https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/8d4609e99e6aecc69ce049e18d45f033?s=200&d=mm&r=g)\n\nTopics:\n\n[Git](https:\/\/phoenixnap.com\/kb\/what-is-git) is a popular project tracking application. As a project progresses through different revisions, those revisions are published as a [commit](https:\/\/phoenixnap.com\/kb\/git-commit). A commit represents a checkpoint, where a copy of the project is saved at a specific point. **This guide shows you how to undo the last commit in git.** ![How can I revert the last commit in git?](https:\/\/phoenixnap.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/how-to-revert-the-last-commit-in-git.png) Prerequisites An existing project in Git Access to a terminal window\/command line **Note:** If you wish to undo a commit to correct an error in the commit message, there is a better way to do it. Learn how to [change a Git commit message](https:\/\/phoenixnap.com\/kb\/git-change-commit-message). How to Revert Commit Git offers many features to manage your project from different historical commits. You can view and revert a previous commit, either published or unpublished. Read on to learn how to identify and revert a published commit. Also, if you want to learn more about Git, check out our article on [how does Git work](https:\/\/phoenixnap.com\/kb\/how-git-works). Identifying the Commit A hash is an alphanumeric code that identifies each commit. Enter the following command to display a commit hash: The hash is necessary to display or manage a specific commit. ![Example of Git commit hash](https:\/\/phoenixnap.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/find-git-commit-hash-log.png) To analyze the status of your project from a previous commit, use the checkout command: When using a hash with a Git command, there is no need to type it in its entirety. The first few unique characters are enough for Git to identify an entry accurately. **Note:** Find out how to use [Git checkout tags](https:\/\/phoenixnap.com\/kb\/git-checkout-tag) and why they are useful for your development project. Git Revert: Reverting the Last Git Commit Once a commit is uploaded to the server, it creates a more permanent project log. It is not advisable to use **reset** in this case as other developers may have retrieved the updated project already. Deleting updates from one system may cause conflicts with other team members. Instead, use the **revert** command: Make sure to enter the code for the hash you want to revert to. The system asks you to enter a specific commit message for the changes the **revert** command is going to perform. ![Define commit message for the revert action](https:\/\/phoenixnap.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/commit-message-for-git-revert-command.png) This action creates a new commit based on the one you specified, with a **`revert`** tag. This acts as a log, showing that the commit was published and then reverted (instead of pretending it never happened). **Note:** Learn how to use [Git cherry-pick](https:\/\/phoenixnap.com\/kb\/git-cherry-pick) to select and apply a single commit from one branch to another. Git Reset: Revert Unpublished Commits An **unpublished commit** is an update committed in Git but that has not been uploaded to a server. To reset to a previous commit, before any changes were made: This command wipes the slate clean back to the previous commit. Any changes you made will be lost after using the [reset --hard command](https:\/\/phoenixnap.com\/kb\/git-reset-hard). If you want to preserve your work, you can use [Git stash](https:\/\/phoenixnap.com\/kb\/git-stash): The **`stash`** command saves the work you did, and **`stash pop`** retrieves those changes after the reset. Alternately you can use the following: This command resets the commit history, but it leaves your working directory and staging index as-is. **Note:** Git stash allows users to save their uncommitted files and work in progress to a local stash. Learn how to [Git stash specific files](https:\/\/phoenixnap.com\/kb\/git-stash-specific-files). Git Amend: Modify the Last Commit To modify the most recent commit, use the **`git commit --amend`** command. This command replaces the last commit with the amended commit without altering the snapshot. The **`--amend`** flag is usually used to fix minor mistakes. For instance, you want to commit a couple of files in a single snapshot but forget to add one of the files before committing. This issue is easily solved using the **`--amend`** option. First, you add the missing file using: Then, run the command: The **`--no-edit`** option amends the commit without changing the commit message. Conclusion You now know how to use the **`revert`** and **`reset`** commands to undo changes and revert to a previous commit. Additionally, you have learned how to check the status of your current commit. Remember not to use **`reset`** for published commits as it may lead to version conflicts. Was this article helpful? YesNo","meta_canonical":null}

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Boilerpipe Text	Home » KB » SysAdmin » Git Revert Commit: How to Undo Last Commit Topics: Git is a popular project tracking application. As a project progresses through different revisions, those revisions are published as a commit . A commit represents a checkpoint, where a copy of the project is saved at a specific point. This guide shows you how to undo the last commit in git. Prerequisites An existing project in Git Access to a terminal window/command line Note: If you wish to undo a commit to correct an error in the commit message, there is a better way to do it. Learn how to change a Git commit message . How to Revert Commit Git offers many features to manage your project from different historical commits. You can view and revert a previous commit, either published or unpublished. Read on to learn how to identify and revert a published commit. Also, if you want to learn more about Git, check out our article on how does Git work . Identifying the Commit A hash is an alphanumeric code that identifies each commit. Enter the following command to display a commit hash: git log The hash is necessary to display or manage a specific commit. To analyze the status of your project from a previous commit, use the checkout command: git checkout [hash] When using a hash with a Git command, there is no need to type it in its entirety. The first few unique characters are enough for Git to identify an entry accurately. Note: Find out how to use Git checkout tags and why they are useful for your development project. Git Revert: Reverting the Last Git Commit Once a commit is uploaded to the server, it creates a more permanent project log. It is not advisable to use reset in this case as other developers may have retrieved the updated project already. Deleting updates from one system may cause conflicts with other team members. Instead, use the revert command: git revert [hash] Make sure to enter the code for the hash you want to revert to. The system asks you to enter a specific commit message for the changes the revert command is going to perform. This action creates a new commit based on the one you specified, with a revert tag. This acts as a log, showing that the commit was published and then reverted (instead of pretending it never happened). Note: Learn how to use Git cherry-pick to select and apply a single commit from one branch to another. Git Reset: Revert Unpublished Commits An unpublished commit is an update committed in Git but that has not been uploaded to a server. To reset to a previous commit, before any changes were made: git reset --hard [hash] This command wipes the slate clean back to the previous commit. Any changes you made will be lost after using the reset --hard command . If you want to preserve your work, you can use Git stash : git stash git reset --hard [hash] git stash pop The stash command saves the work you did, and stash pop retrieves those changes after the reset. Alternately you can use the following: git reset --soft [hash] This command resets the commit history, but it leaves your working directory and staging index as-is. Note: Git stash allows users to save their uncommitted files and work in progress to a local stash. Learn how to Git stash specific files . Git Amend: Modify the Last Commit To modify the most recent commit, use the git commit --amend command. This command replaces the last commit with the amended commit without altering the snapshot. The --amend flag is usually used to fix minor mistakes. For instance, you want to commit a couple of files in a single snapshot but forget to add one of the files before committing. This issue is easily solved using the --amend option. First, you add the missing file using: git add file2.py Then, run the command: git commit --amend --no-edit The --no-edit option amends the commit without changing the commit message. Conclusion You now know how to use the revert and reset commands to undo changes and revert to a previous commit. Additionally, you have learned how to check the status of your current commit. Remember not to use reset for published commits as it may lead to version conflicts. Was this article helpful? Yes No
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As a project progresses through different revisions, those revisions are published as a [commit](https://phoenixnap.com/kb/git-commit). A commit represents a checkpoint, where a copy of the project is saved at a specific point. This guide shows you how to undo the last commit in git. ![How can I revert the last commit in git?](data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20801%20402'%3E%3C/svg%3E) ![How can I revert the last commit in git?](https://phoenixnap.com/kb/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/how-to-revert-the-last-commit-in-git.png) Prerequisites - An existing project in Git - Access to a terminal window/command line Note: If you wish to undo a commit to correct an error in the commit message, there is a better way to do it. Learn how to [change a Git commit message](https://phoenixnap.com/kb/git-change-commit-message). ## How to Revert Commit Git offers many features to manage your project from different historical commits. You can view and revert a previous commit, either published or unpublished. Read on to learn how to identify and revert a published commit. Also, if you want to learn more about Git, check out our article on [how does Git work](https://phoenixnap.com/kb/how-git-works). ### Identifying the Commit A hash is an alphanumeric code that identifies each commit. Enter the following command to display a commit hash: ``` git log ``` The hash is necessary to display or manage a specific commit. ![Example of Git commit hash](data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20800%20110'%3E%3C/svg%3E) ![Example of Git commit hash](https://phoenixnap.com/kb/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/find-git-commit-hash-log.png) To analyze the status of your project from a previous commit, use the checkout command: ``` git checkout [hash] ``` When using a hash with a Git command, there is no need to type it in its entirety. The first few unique characters are enough for Git to identify an entry accurately. Note: Find out how to use [Git checkout tags](https://phoenixnap.com/kb/git-checkout-tag) and why they are useful for your development project. ### Git Revert: Reverting the Last Git Commit Once a commit is uploaded to the server, it creates a more permanent project log. It is not advisable to use reset in this case as other developers may have retrieved the updated project already. Deleting updates from one system may cause conflicts with other team members. Instead, use the revert command: ``` git revert [hash] ``` Make sure to enter the code for the hash you want to revert to. The system asks you to enter a specific commit message for the changes the revert command is going to perform. ![Define commit message for the revert action](data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20800%20235'%3E%3C/svg%3E) ![Define commit message for the revert action](https://phoenixnap.com/kb/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/commit-message-for-git-revert-command.png) This action creates a new commit based on the one you specified, with a `revert` tag. This acts as a log, showing that the commit was published and then reverted (instead of pretending it never happened). Note: Learn how to use [Git cherry-pick](https://phoenixnap.com/kb/git-cherry-pick) to select and apply a single commit from one branch to another. ## Git Reset: Revert Unpublished Commits An unpublished commit is an update committed in Git but that has not been uploaded to a server. To reset to a previous commit, before any changes were made: ``` git reset --hard [hash] ``` This command wipes the slate clean back to the previous commit. Any changes you made will be lost after using the [reset --hard command](https://phoenixnap.com/kb/git-reset-hard). If you want to preserve your work, you can use [Git stash](https://phoenixnap.com/kb/git-stash): ``` git stash git reset --hard [hash] git stash pop ``` The `stash` command saves the work you did, and `stash pop` retrieves those changes after the reset. Alternately you can use the following: ``` git reset --soft [hash] ``` This command resets the commit history, but it leaves your working directory and staging index as-is. Note: Git stash allows users to save their uncommitted files and work in progress to a local stash. Learn how to [Git stash specific files](https://phoenixnap.com/kb/git-stash-specific-files). ## Git Amend: Modify the Last Commit To modify the most recent commit, use the `git commit --amend` command. This command replaces the last commit with the amended commit without altering the snapshot. The `--amend` flag is usually used to fix minor mistakes. For instance, you want to commit a couple of files in a single snapshot but forget to add one of the files before committing. This issue is easily solved using the `--amend` option. First, you add the missing file using: ``` git add file2.py ``` Then, run the command: ``` git commit --amend --no-edit ``` The `--no-edit` option amends the commit without changing the commit message. Note: If you need to restore a missing repository, refer to our guide [How to Restore a Git Repository](https://phoenixnap.com/kb/restore-git-repository). Conclusion You now know how to use the `revert` and `reset` commands to undo changes and revert to a previous commit. Additionally, you have learned how to check the status of your current commit. Remember not to use `reset` for published commits as it may lead to version conflicts. Was this article helpful? 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Readable Markdown	[Home](https://phoenixnap.com/) » [KB](https://phoenixnap.com/kb/) » [SysAdmin](https://phoenixnap.com/kb/category/sysadmin) » Git Revert Commit: How to Undo Last Commit ![](https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8d4609e99e6aecc69ce049e18d45f033?s=200&d=mm&r=g) Topics: [Git](https://phoenixnap.com/kb/what-is-git) is a popular project tracking application. As a project progresses through different revisions, those revisions are published as a [commit](https://phoenixnap.com/kb/git-commit). A commit represents a checkpoint, where a copy of the project is saved at a specific point. This guide shows you how to undo the last commit in git. ![How can I revert the last commit in git?](https://phoenixnap.com/kb/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/how-to-revert-the-last-commit-in-git.png) Prerequisites An existing project in Git Access to a terminal window/command line Note: If you wish to undo a commit to correct an error in the commit message, there is a better way to do it. Learn how to [change a Git commit message](https://phoenixnap.com/kb/git-change-commit-message). How to Revert Commit Git offers many features to manage your project from different historical commits. You can view and revert a previous commit, either published or unpublished. Read on to learn how to identify and revert a published commit. Also, if you want to learn more about Git, check out our article on [how does Git work](https://phoenixnap.com/kb/how-git-works). Identifying the Commit A hash is an alphanumeric code that identifies each commit. Enter the following command to display a commit hash: The hash is necessary to display or manage a specific commit. ![Example of Git commit hash](https://phoenixnap.com/kb/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/find-git-commit-hash-log.png) To analyze the status of your project from a previous commit, use the checkout command: When using a hash with a Git command, there is no need to type it in its entirety. The first few unique characters are enough for Git to identify an entry accurately. Note: Find out how to use [Git checkout tags](https://phoenixnap.com/kb/git-checkout-tag) and why they are useful for your development project. Git Revert: Reverting the Last Git Commit Once a commit is uploaded to the server, it creates a more permanent project log. It is not advisable to use reset in this case as other developers may have retrieved the updated project already. Deleting updates from one system may cause conflicts with other team members. Instead, use the revert command: Make sure to enter the code for the hash you want to revert to. The system asks you to enter a specific commit message for the changes the revert command is going to perform. ![Define commit message for the revert action](https://phoenixnap.com/kb/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/commit-message-for-git-revert-command.png) This action creates a new commit based on the one you specified, with a `revert` tag. This acts as a log, showing that the commit was published and then reverted (instead of pretending it never happened). Note: Learn how to use [Git cherry-pick](https://phoenixnap.com/kb/git-cherry-pick) to select and apply a single commit from one branch to another. Git Reset: Revert Unpublished Commits An unpublished commit is an update committed in Git but that has not been uploaded to a server. To reset to a previous commit, before any changes were made: This command wipes the slate clean back to the previous commit. Any changes you made will be lost after using the [reset --hard command](https://phoenixnap.com/kb/git-reset-hard). If you want to preserve your work, you can use [Git stash](https://phoenixnap.com/kb/git-stash): The `stash` command saves the work you did, and `stash pop` retrieves those changes after the reset. Alternately you can use the following: This command resets the commit history, but it leaves your working directory and staging index as-is. Note: Git stash allows users to save their uncommitted files and work in progress to a local stash. Learn how to [Git stash specific files](https://phoenixnap.com/kb/git-stash-specific-files). Git Amend: Modify the Last Commit To modify the most recent commit, use the `git commit --amend` command. This command replaces the last commit with the amended commit without altering the snapshot. The `--amend` flag is usually used to fix minor mistakes. For instance, you want to commit a couple of files in a single snapshot but forget to add one of the files before committing. This issue is easily solved using the `--amend` option. First, you add the missing file using: Then, run the command: The `--no-edit` option amends the commit without changing the commit message. Conclusion You now know how to use the `revert` and `reset` commands to undo changes and revert to a previous commit. Additionally, you have learned how to check the status of your current commit. Remember not to use `reset` for published commits as it may lead to version conflicts. Was this article helpful? YesNo
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