🕷️ Crawler Inspector

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Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 9 (from laksa168)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa009.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/international-travel-covid\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/international-travel-covid\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/international-travel-covid","crawl_time":1775824573,"first_indexed_time":1588758756,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"org,ourworldindata!\/grapher\/international-travel-covid s443","src_root_hash":"8993127170201539009","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"International travel controls during the COVID-19 pandemic, Dec 31, 2022","meta_descriptions":["An interactive visualization from Our World in Data."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford – Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT)\nThe Oxford Covid-19 Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT) collected information on which pandemic response measures were enacted by governments, and when. During the pandemic this helped decision-makers and citizens understand governmental responses in a consistent way, aiding efforts to fight the pandemic. Now that covid-19 is no longer designated a public health emergency of international concern, the data can be used for research purposes and to prepare for future pandemics.\nThe OxCGRT systematically collected information on several different common policy responses governments took over 2020, 2021, and 2022, recorded these policies on a scale to reflect the extent of government action, and aggregates these scores into a suite of policy indices. We also collected differentiated policies data where different policies apply to people who were vaccinated and non-vaccinated.\nThe OxCGRT reports publicly available information on 24 policy indicators and a miscellaneous notes field of government response organised into four groups:\nC: containment and closure policies\nE: economic policies\nH: health system policies\nV: vaccination policies\nTo help make sense of the data, we have produced four indices that aggregate the data into a single number. For more details about how the indices are comprised, see the section 'Calculation of policy indices' in our documentation. Each of these indices reports a number between 0 to 100 that reflects the level of the government's response along certain dimensions:\noverall government response index (all indicators)\ncontainment and health index (all C and H indicators)\nstringency index (all C indicators, plus H1 which records public information campaigns)\neconomic support index (all E indicators)\nThese indices are a measure of how many of the relevant policy types a government has acted upon, and to what degree. The index cannot say whether a government's policy has been implemented effectively.\nBecause of the complexity of the dataset, it is published across 27 CSV files. Our technical documentation (\nhttps:\/\/github.com\/OxCGRT\/covid-policy-dataset\/blob\/main\/documentation_and_codebook.md\n) contains all the information users need to navigate and use the data.\nRetrieved on\nAugust 1, 2024\nRetrieved from\nCitation\nThis is the citation of the original data obtained from the source, prior to any processing or adaptation by Our World in Data. To cite data downloaded from this page, please use the suggested citation given in\nReuse This Work\nbelow.\nThomas Hale, Noam Angrist, Rafael Goldszmidt, Beatriz Kira, Anna Petherick, Toby Phillips, Samuel Webster, Emily Cameron-Blake, Laura Hallas, Saptarshi Majumdar, and Helen Tatlow. (2021). “A global panel database of pandemic policies (Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker).” Nature Human Behaviour.\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41562-021-01079-8\nThe Oxford Covid-19 Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT) collected information on which pandemic response measures were enacted by governments, and when. During the pandemic this helped decision-makers and citizens understand governmental responses in a consistent way, aiding efforts to fight the pandemic. Now that covid-19 is no longer designated a public health emergency of international concern, the data can be used for research purposes and to prepare for future pandemics.\nThe OxCGRT systematically collected information on several different common policy responses governments took over 2020, 2021, and 2022, recorded these policies on a scale to reflect the extent of government action, and aggregates these scores into a suite of policy indices. We also collected differentiated policies data where different policies apply to people who were vaccinated and non-vaccinated.\nThe OxCGRT reports publicly available information on 24 policy indicators and a miscellaneous notes field of government response organised into four groups:\nC: containment and closure policies\nE: economic policies\nH: health system policies\nV: vaccination policies\nTo help make sense of the data, we have produced four indices that aggregate the data into a single number. For more details about how the indices are comprised, see the section 'Calculation of policy indices' in our documentation. Each of these indices reports a number between 0 to 100 that reflects the level of the government's response along certain dimensions:\noverall government response index (all indicators)\ncontainment and health index (all C and H indicators)\nstringency index (all C indicators, plus H1 which records public information campaigns)\neconomic support index (all E indicators)\nThese indices are a measure of how many of the relevant policy types a government has acted upon, and to what degree. The index cannot say whether a government's policy has been implemented effectively.\nBecause of the complexity of the dataset, it is published across 27 CSV files. Our technical documentation (\nhttps:\/\/github.com\/OxCGRT\/covid-policy-dataset\/blob\/main\/documentation_and_codebook.md\n) contains all the information users need to navigate and use the data.\nRetrieved on\nAugust 1, 2024\nRetrieved from\nCitation\nThis is the citation of the original data obtained from the source, prior to any processing or adaptation by Our World in Data. To cite data downloaded from this page, please use the suggested citation given in\nReuse This Work\nbelow.\nThomas Hale, Noam Angrist, Rafael Goldszmidt, Beatriz Kira, Anna Petherick, Toby Phillips, Samuel Webster, Emily Cameron-Blake, Laura Hallas, Saptarshi Majumdar, and Helen Tatlow. (2021). “A global panel database of pandemic policies (Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker).” Nature Human Behaviour.\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41562-021-01079-8","attrs_markdown":"[Our World  in Data](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/)\n\n[![Oxford Martin School logo](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/oms-logo.svg)](https:\/\/www.oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk\/global-development)[![University of Oxford logo](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/oxford-logo.svg)](https:\/\/www.ox.ac.uk\/)[![Global Change Data Lab logo](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/gcdl-logo.svg)](https:\/\/global-change-data-lab.org\/)\n\n- Browse by topic\n- [Data](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/search)\n- [Insights](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/data-insights)\n- Resources\n- About\n\nSearch for a topic, chart or article...\n\nSubscribe\n\n[Donate](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/donate)\n\n![](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/international-travel-covid.png)\n\nData\n\n# International travel controls during the COVID-19 pandemic\n\nSee all data and research on:\n\n[COVID-19](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/coronavirus)\n\n- [Explore the Data](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/international-travel-covid#explore-the-data)\n- [Sources & Processing](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/international-travel-covid#sources-and-processing)\n- [Reuse This Work](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/international-travel-covid#reuse-this-work)\n\n# International travel controls during the COVID-19 pandemic, Dec 31, 2022\nRecord restrictions on international travel. Note: this records policy for foreign travellers, not citizens.\n\nTable\n\nMap\n\nNo data\n\nNo measures\n\nScreening\n\nQuarantine from high-risk regions\n\nBan on high-risk regions\n\nTotal border closure\n\nJan 1, 2020\n\nDec 31, 2022\n\n**Data source:** Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford (2023) – [Learn more about this data]()\n\n[OurWorldinData.org\/coronavirus](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/coronavirus) \\| [CC BY](https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/)\n\n## Select countries\nSearch for a country\n\nSort by:\n\nInternational travel controls, Dec 31, 2022\n\nAll countries\n\n- United States\n  \n  1\n- Turkmenistan\n  \n  4\n- Azerbaijan\n  \n  3\n- China\n  \n  2\n- Angola\n  \n  1\n- Bangladesh\n  \n  1\n- Bolivia\n  \n  1\n- Brazil\n  \n  1\n- Burkina Faso\n  \n  1\n- Burundi\n  \n  1\n- Cameroon\n  \n  1\n- Central African Republic\n  \n  1\n- Chad\n  \n  1\n- Chile\n  \n  1\n- Colombia\n  \n  1\n- Congo\n  \n  1\n- Cote d'Ivoire\n  \n  1\n- Democratic Republic of Congo\n  \n  1\n- Djibouti\n  \n  1\n- Eritrea\n  \n  1\n- Ethiopia\n  \n  1\n- Fiji\n  \n  1\n- Ghana\n  \n  1\n- Guinea\n  \n  1\n- Haiti\n  \n  1\n- Honduras\n  \n  1\n- Indonesia\n  \n  1\n- Iran\n  \n  1\n- Iraq\n  \n  1\n- Italy\n  \n  1\n- Japan\n  \n  1\n- Kenya\n  \n  1\n- Laos\n  \n  1\n- Liberia\n  \n  1\n- Libya\n  \n  1\n- Malawi\n  \n  1\n- Malaysia\n  \n  1\n- Mali\n  \n  1\n- Mauritania\n  \n  1\n- Mexico\n  \n  1\n- Mozambique\n  \n  1\n- Myanmar\n  \n  1\n- Nepal\n  \n  1\n- Nicaragua\n  \n  1\n- Niger\n  \n  1\n- Pakistan\n  \n  1\n- Philippines\n  \n  1\n- Puerto Rico\n  \n  1\n- Senegal\n  \n  1\n- Seychelles\n  \n  1\n- Sierra Leone\n  \n  1\n- Singapore\n  \n  1\n- Solomon Islands\n  \n  1\n- South Sudan\n  \n  1\n- Suriname\n  \n  1\n- Taiwan\n  \n  1\n- Tajikistan\n  \n  1\n- Tanzania\n  \n  1\n- East Timor\n  \n  1\n- Togo\n  \n  1\n- Tonga\n  \n  1\n- Uganda\n  \n  1\n- Ukraine\n  \n  1\n- United Arab Emirates\n  \n  1\n- Uruguay\n  \n  1\n- Venezuela\n  \n  1\n- Zambia\n  \n  1\n- Zimbabwe\n  \n  1\n- Afghanistan\n  \n  0\n- Albania\n  \n  0\n- Algeria\n  \n  0\n- Andorra\n  \n  0\n- Argentina\n  \n  0\n- Australia\n  \n  0\n- Austria\n  \n  0\n- Bahamas\n  \n  0\n- Bahrain\n  \n  0\n- Barbados\n  \n  0\n- Belarus\n  \n  0\n- Belgium\n  \n  0\n- Belize\n  \n  0\n- Benin\n  \n  0\n- Bhutan\n  \n  0\n- Bosnia and Herzegovina\n  \n  0\n- Botswana\n  \n  0\n- Brunei\n  \n  0\n- Bulgaria\n  \n  0\n- Cambodia\n  \n  0\n- Canada\n  \n  0\n- Cape Verde\n  \n  0\n- Costa Rica\n  \n  0\n- Croatia\n  \n  0\n- Cuba\n  \n  0\n- Cyprus\n  \n  0\n- Czechia\n  \n  0\n- Denmark\n  \n  0\n- Dominica\n  \n  0\n- Dominican Republic\n  \n  0\n- Ecuador\n  \n  0\n- Egypt\n  \n  0\n- El Salvador\n  \n  0\n- Estonia\n  \n  0\n- Eswatini\n  \n  0\n- Finland\n  \n  0\n- France\n  \n  0\n- Gabon\n  \n  0\n- Gambia\n  \n  0\n- Georgia\n  \n  0\n- Germany\n  \n  0\n- Greece\n  \n  0\n- Greenland\n  \n  0\n- Guatemala\n  \n  0\n- Guyana\n  \n  0\n- Hungary\n  \n  0\n- Iceland\n  \n  0\n- India\n  \n  0\n- Ireland\n  \n  0\n- Israel\n  \n  0\n- Jamaica\n  \n  0\n- Jordan\n  \n  0\n- Kazakhstan\n  \n  0\n- Kiribati\n  \n  0\n- Kosovo\n  \n  0\n- Kuwait\n  \n  0\n- Kyrgyzstan\n  \n  0\n- Latvia\n  \n  0\n- Lebanon\n  \n  0\n- Lesotho\n  \n  0\n- Liechtenstein\n  \n  0\n- Lithuania\n  \n  0\n- Luxembourg\n  \n  0\n- Madagascar\n  \n  0\n- Malta\n  \n  0\n- Mauritius\n  \n  0\n- Moldova\n  \n  0\n- Monaco\n  \n  0\n- Mongolia\n  \n  0\n- Morocco\n  \n  0\n- Namibia\n  \n  0\n- Netherlands\n  \n  0\n- New Zealand\n  \n  0\n- Nigeria\n  \n  0\n- Norway\n  \n  0\n- Oman\n  \n  0\n- Palestine\n  \n  0\n- Panama\n  \n  0\n- Papua New Guinea\n  \n  0\n- Paraguay\n  \n  0\n- Peru\n  \n  0\n- Poland\n  \n  0\n- Portugal\n  \n  0\n- Qatar\n  \n  0\n- Romania\n  \n  0\n- Russia\n  \n  0\n- Rwanda\n  \n  0\n- San Marino\n  \n  0\n- Saudi Arabia\n  \n  0\n- Serbia\n  \n  0\n- Slovakia\n  \n  0\n- Slovenia\n  \n  0\n- Somalia\n  \n  0\n- South Africa\n  \n  0\n- South Korea\n  \n  0\n- Spain\n  \n  0\n- Sri Lanka\n  \n  0\n- Sudan\n  \n  0\n- Sweden\n  \n  0\n- Switzerland\n  \n  0\n- Syria\n  \n  0\n- Thailand\n  \n  0\n- Trinidad and Tobago\n  \n  0\n- Tunisia\n  \n  0\n- Turkey\n  \n  0\n- United Kingdom\n  \n  0\n- Uzbekistan\n  \n  0\n- Vanuatu\n  \n  0\n- Vietnam\n  \n  0\n- Yemen\n  \n  0\n- Antigua and Barbuda\n  \n  No data\n- Armenia\n  \n  No data\n- Comoros\n  \n  No data\n- Equatorial Guinea\n  \n  No data\n- French Guiana\n  \n  No data\n- French Southern Territories\n  \n  No data\n- Grenada\n  \n  No data\n- Guinea-Bissau\n  \n  No data\n- Maldives\n  \n  No data\n- Marshall Islands\n  \n  No data\n- Micronesia (country)\n  \n  No data\n- Montenegro\n  \n  No data\n- Nauru\n  \n  No data\n- New Caledonia\n  \n  No data\n- North Korea\n  \n  No data\n- North Macedonia\n  \n  No data\n- Palau\n  \n  No data\n- Saint Kitts and Nevis\n  \n  No data\n- Saint Lucia\n  \n  No data\n- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines\n  \n  No data\n- Samoa\n  \n  No data\n- Sao Tome and Principe\n  \n  No data\n- Tuvalu\n  \n  No data\n- Western Sahara\n  \n  No data\n\n## What you should know about this indicator\nPossible categories:\n\n- 0: no restrictions\n- 1: screening arrivals\n- 2: quarantine arrivals from some or all regions\n- 3: ban arrivals from some regions\n- 4: ban on all regions or total border closure\n\nInternational travel controls during the COVID-19 pandemic\n\nRecord restrictions on international travel. Note: this records policy for foreign travellers, not citizens.\n\nSource\n\nBlavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford (2023) – [with minor processing](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/international-travel-covid#sources-and-processing) by Our World in Data\n\nLast updated\n\nAugust 1, 2024\n\n## More Data on COVID-19\n- [Estimated cumulative excess deaths during COVID-19 For countries that have not reported all-cause mortality data for a given week, an estimate is shown, with uncertainty interval. If reported data is available, that value only is shown. For comparison, cumulative confirmed COVID-19 deaths are shown.](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/excess-deaths-cumulative-economist-single-entity)\n  \n  [Download options](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/excess-deaths-cumulative-economist-single-entity?overlay=download-data)\n- [Weekly confirmed COVID-19 cases Weekly confirmed cases refer to the cumulative number of cases over the previous week.](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/weekly-covid-cases)\n  \n  [Download options](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/weekly-covid-cases?overlay=download-data)\n- [COVID-19: Countries with restrictions on international travels Number of recorded countries with a given type of restriction on international travel arrivals.](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/countries-with-restrictions-on-international-travels)\n  \n  [Download options](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/countries-with-restrictions-on-international-travels?overlay=download-data)\n- [Positive test rate The daily number of confirmed cases divided by the daily number of tests, expressed as a percentage. Tests may refer to the number of tests performed or the number of people tested - depending on which is reported by the particular country.](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/explorers\/covid?Metric=Share+of+positive+tests&Interval=7-day+rolling+average&Relative+to+population=false)\n  \n  [Download options](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/explorers\/covid?Metric=Share+of+positive+tests&Interval=7-day+rolling+average&Relative+to+population=false&overlay=download-data)\n- [Share of people with a complete initial protocol Total number of people who received all doses prescribed by the initial vaccination protocol per 100 people in the total population.](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/explorers\/covid?Metric=People+fully+vaccinated&Interval=Cumulative&Relative+to+population=true)\n- [Annual research & development funding for infectious diseases Global annual funding reported for research and development to address neglected tropical diseases (in blue). These are compared to HIV\/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, and COVID-19 (in orange). This data is expressed in US dollars, adjusted for inflation.](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/annual-research-development-funding-for-neglected-tropical-diseases)\n- [Estimated cumulative excess deaths during COVID-19 For countries that have not reported all-cause mortality data for a given week, an estimate is shown, with uncertainty interval. If reported data is available, that value only is shown.](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/explorers\/covid?Metric=Excess+mortality+%28estimates%29&Interval=Cumulative&Relative+to+population=false)\n- [Estimated cumulative excess deaths per 100,000 people during COVID, from The Economist For countries that have not reported all-cause mortality data for a given week, an estimate is shown, with uncertainty interval. If reported data is available, that value only is shown. On the map, only the central estimate is shown.](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/excess-deaths-cumulative-per-100k-economist)\n- [Number of COVID-19 patients in intensive care (ICU)](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/current-covid-patients-icu)\n\n[See all 228 charts on this topic](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/search?topics=COVID-19)\n\n## Sources and processing\n### This data is based on the following sources\n#### Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford – Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT)\nThe Oxford Covid-19 Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT) collected information on which pandemic response measures were enacted by governments, and when. During the pandemic this helped decision-makers and citizens understand governmental responses in a consistent way, aiding efforts to fight the pandemic. Now that covid-19 is no longer designated a public health emergency of international concern, the data can be used for research purposes and to prepare for future pandemics.\n\nThe OxCGRT systematically collected information on several different common policy responses governments took over 2020, 2021, and 2022, recorded these policies on a scale to reflect the extent of government action, and aggregates these scores into a suite of policy indices. We also collected differentiated policies data where different policies apply to people who were vaccinated and non-vaccinated.\n\nThe OxCGRT reports publicly available information on 24 policy indicators and a miscellaneous notes field of government response organised into four groups:\n\n- C: containment and closure policies\n- E: economic policies\n- H: health system policies\n- V: vaccination policies\n\nTo help make sense of the data, we have produced four indices that aggregate the data into a single number. For more details about how the indices are comprised, see the section 'Calculation of policy indices' in our documentation. Each of these indices reports a number between 0 to 100 that reflects the level of the government's response along certain dimensions:\n\n- overall government response index (all indicators)\n- containment and health index (all C and H indicators)\n- stringency index (all C indicators, plus H1 which records public information campaigns)\n- economic support index (all E indicators)\n\nThese indices are a measure of how many of the relevant policy types a government has acted upon, and to what degree. The index cannot say whether a government's policy has been implemented effectively.\n\nBecause of the complexity of the dataset, it is published across 27 CSV files. Our technical documentation (<https:\/\/github.com\/OxCGRT\/covid-policy-dataset\/blob\/main\/documentation_and_codebook.md>) contains all the information users need to navigate and use the data.\n\nRetrieved on\n\nAugust 1, 2024\n\nRetrieved from\n\n<https:\/\/github.com\/OxCGRT\/covid-policy-dataset>\n\nCitation\n\nThis is the citation of the original data obtained from the source, prior to any processing or adaptation by Our World in Data. To cite data downloaded from this page, please use the suggested citation given in [Reuse This Work](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/international-travel-covid#reuse-this-work) below.\n```\nThomas Hale, Noam Angrist, Rafael Goldszmidt, Beatriz Kira, Anna Petherick, Toby Phillips, Samuel Webster, Emily Cameron-Blake, Laura Hallas, Saptarshi Majumdar, and Helen Tatlow. (2021). “A global panel database of pandemic policies (Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker).” Nature Human Behaviour. <https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41562-021-01079-8>\n```\n\nThe Oxford Covid-19 Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT) collected information on which pandemic response measures were enacted by governments, and when. During the pandemic this helped decision-makers and citizens understand governmental responses in a consistent way, aiding efforts to fight the pandemic. Now that covid-19 is no longer designated a public health emergency of international concern, the data can be used for research purposes and to prepare for future pandemics.\n\nThe OxCGRT systematically collected information on several different common policy responses governments took over 2020, 2021, and 2022, recorded these policies on a scale to reflect the extent of government action, and aggregates these scores into a suite of policy indices. We also collected differentiated policies data where different policies apply to people who were vaccinated and non-vaccinated.\n\nThe OxCGRT reports publicly available information on 24 policy indicators and a miscellaneous notes field of government response organised into four groups:\n\n- C: containment and closure policies\n- E: economic policies\n- H: health system policies\n- V: vaccination policies\n\nTo help make sense of the data, we have produced four indices that aggregate the data into a single number. For more details about how the indices are comprised, see the section 'Calculation of policy indices' in our documentation. Each of these indices reports a number between 0 to 100 that reflects the level of the government's response along certain dimensions:\n\n- overall government response index (all indicators)\n- containment and health index (all C and H indicators)\n- stringency index (all C indicators, plus H1 which records public information campaigns)\n- economic support index (all E indicators)\n\nThese indices are a measure of how many of the relevant policy types a government has acted upon, and to what degree. The index cannot say whether a government's policy has been implemented effectively.\n\nBecause of the complexity of the dataset, it is published across 27 CSV files. Our technical documentation (<https:\/\/github.com\/OxCGRT\/covid-policy-dataset\/blob\/main\/documentation_and_codebook.md>) contains all the information users need to navigate and use the data.\n\nRetrieved on\n\nAugust 1, 2024\n\nRetrieved from\n\n<https:\/\/github.com\/OxCGRT\/covid-policy-dataset>\n\nCitation\n\nThis is the citation of the original data obtained from the source, prior to any processing or adaptation by Our World in Data. To cite data downloaded from this page, please use the suggested citation given in [Reuse This Work](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/international-travel-covid#reuse-this-work) below.\n```\nThomas Hale, Noam Angrist, Rafael Goldszmidt, Beatriz Kira, Anna Petherick, Toby Phillips, Samuel Webster, Emily Cameron-Blake, Laura Hallas, Saptarshi Majumdar, and Helen Tatlow. (2021). “A global panel database of pandemic policies (Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker).” Nature Human Behaviour. <https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41562-021-01079-8>\n```\n\n### How we process data at Our World in Data\nAll data and visualizations on Our World in Data rely on data sourced from one or several original data providers. Preparing this original data involves several processing steps. Depending on the data, this can include standardizing country names and world region definitions, converting units, calculating derived indicators such as per capita measures, as well as adding or adapting metadata such as the name or the description given to an indicator.\n\nAt the link below you can find a detailed description of the structure of our data pipeline, including links to all the code used to prepare data across Our World in Data.\n\n[Read about our data pipeline](https:\/\/docs.owid.io\/projects\/etl\/)\n\n## Reuse this work\n- All data produced by third-party providers and made available by Our World in Data are subject to the license terms from the original providers. Our work would not be possible without the data providers we rely on, so we ask you to always cite them appropriately (see below). This is crucial to allow data providers to continue doing their work, enhancing, maintaining and updating valuable data.\n- All data, visualizations, and code produced by Our World in Data are completely open access under the [Creative Commons BY license](https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/). You have the permission to use, distribute, and reproduce these in any medium, provided the source and authors are credited.\n\n### Citations\n#### How to cite this page\nTo cite this page overall, including any descriptions, FAQs or explanations of the data authored by Our World in Data, please use the following citation:\n```\n“Data Page: International travel controls during the COVID-19 pandemic”, part of the following publication: Edouard Mathieu, Hannah Ritchie, Lucas Rodés-Guirao, Cameron Appel, Daniel Gavrilov, Charlie Giattino, Joe Hasell, Bobbie Macdonald, Saloni Dattani, Diana Beltekian, Esteban Ortiz-Ospina, and Max Roser (2020) - “COVID-19 Pandemic”. Data adapted from Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford. Retrieved from <https:\/\/archive.ourworldindata.org\/20260304-094028\/grapher\/international-travel-covid.html> [online resource] (archived on March 4, 2026).\n```\n\n#### How to cite this data\nIn-line citationIf you have limited space (e.g. in data visualizations), you can use this abbreviated in-line citation:\n```\nBlavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford (2023) – with minor processing by Our World in Data\n```\n\nFull citation\n```\nBlavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford (2023) – with minor processing by Our World in Data. “International travel controls during the COVID-19 pandemic” [dataset]. Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford, “Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT)” [original data]. Retrieved April 10, 2026 from <https:\/\/archive.ourworldindata.org\/20260304-094028\/grapher\/international-travel-covid.html> (archived on March 4, 2026).\n```\n\n### Download\n#### Quick download\nDownload the data shown in this chart as a ZIP file containing a CSV file, metadata in JSON format, and a README. The CSV file can be opened in Excel, Google Sheets, and other data analysis tools.\n\n[Download full data Includes all entities and time points](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/international-travel-covid.zip?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false)\n\n[Download displayed data Includes only the entities and time points currently visible in the chart](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/international-travel-covid.zip?v=1&csvType=filtered&useColumnShortNames=false)\n\n#### Data API\nUse these URLs to programmatically access this chart's data and configure your requests with the options below. [Our documentation provides more information](https:\/\/docs.owid.io\/projects\/etl\/api\/) on how to use the API, and you can find a few code examples below.\n\nDownload full data, including all entities and time points\n\nDownload only the currently selected data visible in the chart\n\n##### Data URL (CSV format)\n```\nhttps:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/international-travel-covid.csv?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false\n```\n\n##### Metadata URL (JSON format)\n```\nhttps:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/international-travel-covid.metadata.json?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false\n```\n\n#### Code examples\nExamples of how to load this data into different data analysis tools.\n\n##### Excel \/ Google Sheets\n```\n=IMPORTDATA(\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/international-travel-covid.csv?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false\")\n```\n\n##### Python with Pandas\n```\nimport pandas as pd\nimport requests\n\n# Fetch the data.\ndf = pd.read_csv(\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/international-travel-covid.csv?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false\", storage_options = {'User-Agent': 'Our World In Data data fetch\/1.0'})\n\n# Fetch the metadata\nmetadata = requests.get(\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/international-travel-covid.metadata.json?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false\").json()\n```\n\n##### R\n```\nlibrary(jsonlite)\n\n# Fetch the data\ndf <- read.csv(\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/international-travel-covid.csv?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false\")\n\n# Fetch the metadata\nmetadata <- fromJSON(\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/international-travel-covid.metadata.json?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false\")\n```\n\n##### Stata\n```\nimport delimited \"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/international-travel-covid.csv?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false\", encoding(\"utf-8\") clear\n```\n\n#### Our World in Data is free and accessible for everyone.\nHelp us do this work by making a donation.\n\n[Donate now](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/donate)\n\nOur World in Data is a project of [Global Change Data Lab](https:\/\/global-change-data-lab.org\/), a nonprofit based in the UK (Reg. Charity No. 1186433). Our charts, articles, and data are licensed under [CC BY](https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), unless stated otherwise. Tools and software we develop are open source under the [MIT license](https:\/\/github.com\/owid\/owid-grapher\/blob\/master\/LICENSE.md). Third-party materials, including some charts and data, are subject to third-party licenses. See our [FAQs](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/faqs) for more details.\n\n[![Oxford Martin School logo](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/oms-logo.svg)](https:\/\/www.oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk\/global-development)[![University of Oxford logo](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/oxford-logo.svg)](https:\/\/www.ox.ac.uk\/)[![Global Change Data Lab logo](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/gcdl-logo.svg)](https:\/\/global-change-data-lab.org\/)\n\n[![Y Combinator logo](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/yc-logo.svg)](https:\/\/www.ycombinator.com\/)\n\n##### Explore\n- [Topics](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/#all-topics)\n- [Data](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/search)\n- [Insights](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/data-insights)\n##### Resources\n- [Latest](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/latest)\n- [SDG Tracker](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/sdgs)\n- [Teaching with OWID](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/teaching)\n\n##### About\n- [About us](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/about)\n- [Organization](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/organization)\n- [Funding](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/funding)\n- [Team](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/team)\n- [Jobs](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/jobs)\n- [FAQs](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/faqs)\n\n##### RSS Feeds\n- [Research & Writing](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/atom.xml)\n- [Data Insights](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/atom-data-insights.xml)\n\n##### Follow us\n- [Privacy policy](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/privacy-policy)\n- [Cookie notice](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/cookie-notice)\n- [Legal disclaimer](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/organization#legal-disclaimer)\n- [Grapher license](https:\/\/github.com\/owid\/owid-grapher\/blob\/master\/LICENSE.md)\n- [Send feedback](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/feedback)\n\nSubscribe\n\nFeedback\n\n## Cookies help us build a better website\nWe are a **non-profit** that relies on reader [donations](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/donate). We never use ads on our website or sell user data.\n\nReject optional cookies\n\nAccept optional cookies\n\nWe use a small number of **cookies** and similar technologies to **make our website work**. Some of these are essential and can't be switched off. Other **optional cookies** help us better understand **how our website is used** — by accepting these, you can help us improve our publication for everyone. Read more in our [Privacy Policy](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/privacy-policy) or [manage your cookie settings](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/cookie-notice#cookie-preferences).\n\nKeyboard Shortcuts\n\nChart\n\nf[Toggle Faceting]()\n\nl[Toggle Y log\/linear]()\n\nw[Toggle full-screen mode]()\n\ns[Toggle sources modal]()\n\nd[Toggle download modal]()\n\nMap\n\ng[Toggle globe view]()\n\nNavigation\n\nt[Toggle tab]()\n\n?[Toggle Help]()\n\nshift+o[Reset to original]()\n\nSelection\n\na[Select None]()\n\nTimeline\n\np[Play]()\n\nz[Latest\/Earliest\/All period]()","attrs_readable_markdown":"Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford – Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT)\n\nThe Oxford Covid-19 Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT) collected information on which pandemic response measures were enacted by governments, and when. During the pandemic this helped decision-makers and citizens understand governmental responses in a consistent way, aiding efforts to fight the pandemic. Now that covid-19 is no longer designated a public health emergency of international concern, the data can be used for research purposes and to prepare for future pandemics.\n\nThe OxCGRT systematically collected information on several different common policy responses governments took over 2020, 2021, and 2022, recorded these policies on a scale to reflect the extent of government action, and aggregates these scores into a suite of policy indices. We also collected differentiated policies data where different policies apply to people who were vaccinated and non-vaccinated.\n\nThe OxCGRT reports publicly available information on 24 policy indicators and a miscellaneous notes field of government response organised into four groups:\n\n- C: containment and closure policies\n- E: economic policies\n- H: health system policies\n- V: vaccination policies\n\nTo help make sense of the data, we have produced four indices that aggregate the data into a single number. For more details about how the indices are comprised, see the section 'Calculation of policy indices' in our documentation. Each of these indices reports a number between 0 to 100 that reflects the level of the government's response along certain dimensions:\n\n- overall government response index (all indicators)\n- containment and health index (all C and H indicators)\n- stringency index (all C indicators, plus H1 which records public information campaigns)\n- economic support index (all E indicators)\n\nThese indices are a measure of how many of the relevant policy types a government has acted upon, and to what degree. The index cannot say whether a government's policy has been implemented effectively.\n\nBecause of the complexity of the dataset, it is published across 27 CSV files. Our technical documentation (<https:\/\/github.com\/OxCGRT\/covid-policy-dataset\/blob\/main\/documentation_and_codebook.md>) contains all the information users need to navigate and use the data.\n\nRetrieved on\n\nAugust 1, 2024\n\nRetrieved from\n\nCitation\n\nThis is the citation of the original data obtained from the source, prior to any processing or adaptation by Our World in Data. To cite data downloaded from this page, please use the suggested citation given in [Reuse This Work](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/international-travel-covid#reuse-this-work) below.\n```\nThomas Hale, Noam Angrist, Rafael Goldszmidt, Beatriz Kira, Anna Petherick, Toby Phillips, Samuel Webster, Emily Cameron-Blake, Laura Hallas, Saptarshi Majumdar, and Helen Tatlow. (2021). “A global panel database of pandemic policies (Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker).” Nature Human Behaviour. <https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41562-021-01079-8>\n```\n\nThe Oxford Covid-19 Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT) collected information on which pandemic response measures were enacted by governments, and when. During the pandemic this helped decision-makers and citizens understand governmental responses in a consistent way, aiding efforts to fight the pandemic. Now that covid-19 is no longer designated a public health emergency of international concern, the data can be used for research purposes and to prepare for future pandemics.\n\nThe OxCGRT systematically collected information on several different common policy responses governments took over 2020, 2021, and 2022, recorded these policies on a scale to reflect the extent of government action, and aggregates these scores into a suite of policy indices. We also collected differentiated policies data where different policies apply to people who were vaccinated and non-vaccinated.\n\nThe OxCGRT reports publicly available information on 24 policy indicators and a miscellaneous notes field of government response organised into four groups:\n\n- C: containment and closure policies\n- E: economic policies\n- H: health system policies\n- V: vaccination policies\n\nTo help make sense of the data, we have produced four indices that aggregate the data into a single number. For more details about how the indices are comprised, see the section 'Calculation of policy indices' in our documentation. Each of these indices reports a number between 0 to 100 that reflects the level of the government's response along certain dimensions:\n\n- overall government response index (all indicators)\n- containment and health index (all C and H indicators)\n- stringency index (all C indicators, plus H1 which records public information campaigns)\n- economic support index (all E indicators)\n\nThese indices are a measure of how many of the relevant policy types a government has acted upon, and to what degree. The index cannot say whether a government's policy has been implemented effectively.\n\nBecause of the complexity of the dataset, it is published across 27 CSV files. Our technical documentation (<https:\/\/github.com\/OxCGRT\/covid-policy-dataset\/blob\/main\/documentation_and_codebook.md>) contains all the information users need to navigate and use the data.\n\nRetrieved on\n\nAugust 1, 2024\n\nRetrieved from\n\nCitation\n\nThis is the citation of the original data obtained from the source, prior to any processing or adaptation by Our World in Data. To cite data downloaded from this page, please use the suggested citation given in [Reuse This Work](https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/international-travel-covid#reuse-this-work) below.\n```\nThomas Hale, Noam Angrist, Rafael Goldszmidt, Beatriz Kira, Anna Petherick, Toby Phillips, Samuel Webster, Emily Cameron-Blake, Laura Hallas, Saptarshi Majumdar, and Helen Tatlow. (2021). “A global panel database of pandemic policies (Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker).” Nature Human Behaviour. <https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41562-021-01079-8>\n```","meta_canonical":null}

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Meta Title	International travel controls during the COVID-19 pandemic, Dec 31, 2022
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Boilerpipe Text	Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford – Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT) The Oxford Covid-19 Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT) collected information on which pandemic response measures were enacted by governments, and when. During the pandemic this helped decision-makers and citizens understand governmental responses in a consistent way, aiding efforts to fight the pandemic. Now that covid-19 is no longer designated a public health emergency of international concern, the data can be used for research purposes and to prepare for future pandemics. The OxCGRT systematically collected information on several different common policy responses governments took over 2020, 2021, and 2022, recorded these policies on a scale to reflect the extent of government action, and aggregates these scores into a suite of policy indices. We also collected differentiated policies data where different policies apply to people who were vaccinated and non-vaccinated. The OxCGRT reports publicly available information on 24 policy indicators and a miscellaneous notes field of government response organised into four groups: C: containment and closure policies E: economic policies H: health system policies V: vaccination policies To help make sense of the data, we have produced four indices that aggregate the data into a single number. For more details about how the indices are comprised, see the section 'Calculation of policy indices' in our documentation. Each of these indices reports a number between 0 to 100 that reflects the level of the government's response along certain dimensions: overall government response index (all indicators) containment and health index (all C and H indicators) stringency index (all C indicators, plus H1 which records public information campaigns) economic support index (all E indicators) These indices are a measure of how many of the relevant policy types a government has acted upon, and to what degree. The index cannot say whether a government's policy has been implemented effectively. Because of the complexity of the dataset, it is published across 27 CSV files. Our technical documentation ( https://github.com/OxCGRT/covid-policy-dataset/blob/main/documentation_and_codebook.md ) contains all the information users need to navigate and use the data. Retrieved on August 1, 2024 Retrieved from Citation This is the citation of the original data obtained from the source, prior to any processing or adaptation by Our World in Data. To cite data downloaded from this page, please use the suggested citation given in Reuse This Work below. Thomas Hale, Noam Angrist, Rafael Goldszmidt, Beatriz Kira, Anna Petherick, Toby Phillips, Samuel Webster, Emily Cameron-Blake, Laura Hallas, Saptarshi Majumdar, and Helen Tatlow. (2021). “A global panel database of pandemic policies (Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker).” Nature Human Behaviour. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01079-8 The Oxford Covid-19 Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT) collected information on which pandemic response measures were enacted by governments, and when. During the pandemic this helped decision-makers and citizens understand governmental responses in a consistent way, aiding efforts to fight the pandemic. Now that covid-19 is no longer designated a public health emergency of international concern, the data can be used for research purposes and to prepare for future pandemics. The OxCGRT systematically collected information on several different common policy responses governments took over 2020, 2021, and 2022, recorded these policies on a scale to reflect the extent of government action, and aggregates these scores into a suite of policy indices. We also collected differentiated policies data where different policies apply to people who were vaccinated and non-vaccinated. The OxCGRT reports publicly available information on 24 policy indicators and a miscellaneous notes field of government response organised into four groups: C: containment and closure policies E: economic policies H: health system policies V: vaccination policies To help make sense of the data, we have produced four indices that aggregate the data into a single number. For more details about how the indices are comprised, see the section 'Calculation of policy indices' in our documentation. Each of these indices reports a number between 0 to 100 that reflects the level of the government's response along certain dimensions: overall government response index (all indicators) containment and health index (all C and H indicators) stringency index (all C indicators, plus H1 which records public information campaigns) economic support index (all E indicators) These indices are a measure of how many of the relevant policy types a government has acted upon, and to what degree. The index cannot say whether a government's policy has been implemented effectively. Because of the complexity of the dataset, it is published across 27 CSV files. Our technical documentation ( https://github.com/OxCGRT/covid-policy-dataset/blob/main/documentation_and_codebook.md ) contains all the information users need to navigate and use the data. Retrieved on August 1, 2024 Retrieved from Citation This is the citation of the original data obtained from the source, prior to any processing or adaptation by Our World in Data. To cite data downloaded from this page, please use the suggested citation given in Reuse This Work below. Thomas Hale, Noam Angrist, Rafael Goldszmidt, Beatriz Kira, Anna Petherick, Toby Phillips, Samuel Webster, Emily Cameron-Blake, Laura Hallas, Saptarshi Majumdar, and Helen Tatlow. (2021). “A global panel database of pandemic policies (Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker).” Nature Human Behaviour. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01079-8
Markdown	[Our World in Data](https://ourworldindata.org/) [![Oxford Martin School logo](https://ourworldindata.org/oms-logo.svg)](https://www.oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk/global-development)[![University of Oxford logo](https://ourworldindata.org/oxford-logo.svg)](https://www.ox.ac.uk/)[![Global Change Data Lab logo](https://ourworldindata.org/gcdl-logo.svg)](https://global-change-data-lab.org/) - Browse by topic - [Data](https://ourworldindata.org/search) - [Insights](https://ourworldindata.org/data-insights) - Resources - About Search for a topic, chart or article... Subscribe [Donate](https://ourworldindata.org/donate) ![](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/international-travel-covid.png) Data # International travel controls during the COVID-19 pandemic See all data and research on: [COVID-19](https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus) - [Explore the Data](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/international-travel-covid#explore-the-data) - [Sources & Processing](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/international-travel-covid#sources-and-processing) - [Reuse This Work](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/international-travel-covid#reuse-this-work) # International travel controls during the COVID-19 pandemic, Dec 31, 2022 Record restrictions on international travel. Note: this records policy for foreign travellers, not citizens. Table Map No data No measures Screening Quarantine from high-risk regions Ban on high-risk regions Total border closure Jan 1, 2020 Dec 31, 2022 Data source: Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford (2023) – [Learn more about this data]() [OurWorldinData.org/coronavirus](https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus) \\| [CC BY](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ## Select countries Search for a country Sort by: International travel controls, Dec 31, 2022 All countries - United States 1 - Turkmenistan 4 - Azerbaijan 3 - China 2 - Angola 1 - Bangladesh 1 - Bolivia 1 - Brazil 1 - Burkina Faso 1 - Burundi 1 - Cameroon 1 - Central African Republic 1 - Chad 1 - Chile 1 - Colombia 1 - Congo 1 - Cote d'Ivoire 1 - Democratic Republic of Congo 1 - Djibouti 1 - Eritrea 1 - Ethiopia 1 - Fiji 1 - Ghana 1 - Guinea 1 - Haiti 1 - Honduras 1 - Indonesia 1 - Iran 1 - Iraq 1 - Italy 1 - Japan 1 - Kenya 1 - Laos 1 - Liberia 1 - Libya 1 - Malawi 1 - Malaysia 1 - Mali 1 - Mauritania 1 - Mexico 1 - Mozambique 1 - Myanmar 1 - Nepal 1 - Nicaragua 1 - Niger 1 - Pakistan 1 - Philippines 1 - Puerto Rico 1 - Senegal 1 - Seychelles 1 - Sierra Leone 1 - Singapore 1 - Solomon Islands 1 - South Sudan 1 - Suriname 1 - Taiwan 1 - Tajikistan 1 - Tanzania 1 - East Timor 1 - Togo 1 - Tonga 1 - Uganda 1 - Ukraine 1 - United Arab Emirates 1 - Uruguay 1 - Venezuela 1 - Zambia 1 - Zimbabwe 1 - Afghanistan 0 - Albania 0 - Algeria 0 - Andorra 0 - Argentina 0 - Australia 0 - Austria 0 - Bahamas 0 - Bahrain 0 - Barbados 0 - Belarus 0 - Belgium 0 - Belize 0 - Benin 0 - Bhutan 0 - Bosnia and Herzegovina 0 - Botswana 0 - Brunei 0 - Bulgaria 0 - Cambodia 0 - Canada 0 - Cape Verde 0 - Costa Rica 0 - Croatia 0 - Cuba 0 - Cyprus 0 - Czechia 0 - Denmark 0 - Dominica 0 - Dominican Republic 0 - Ecuador 0 - Egypt 0 - El Salvador 0 - Estonia 0 - Eswatini 0 - Finland 0 - France 0 - Gabon 0 - Gambia 0 - Georgia 0 - Germany 0 - Greece 0 - Greenland 0 - Guatemala 0 - Guyana 0 - Hungary 0 - Iceland 0 - India 0 - Ireland 0 - Israel 0 - Jamaica 0 - Jordan 0 - Kazakhstan 0 - Kiribati 0 - Kosovo 0 - Kuwait 0 - Kyrgyzstan 0 - Latvia 0 - Lebanon 0 - Lesotho 0 - Liechtenstein 0 - Lithuania 0 - Luxembourg 0 - Madagascar 0 - Malta 0 - Mauritius 0 - Moldova 0 - Monaco 0 - Mongolia 0 - Morocco 0 - Namibia 0 - Netherlands 0 - New Zealand 0 - Nigeria 0 - Norway 0 - Oman 0 - Palestine 0 - Panama 0 - Papua New Guinea 0 - Paraguay 0 - Peru 0 - Poland 0 - Portugal 0 - Qatar 0 - Romania 0 - Russia 0 - Rwanda 0 - San Marino 0 - Saudi Arabia 0 - Serbia 0 - Slovakia 0 - Slovenia 0 - Somalia 0 - South Africa 0 - South Korea 0 - Spain 0 - Sri Lanka 0 - Sudan 0 - Sweden 0 - Switzerland 0 - Syria 0 - Thailand 0 - Trinidad and Tobago 0 - Tunisia 0 - Turkey 0 - United Kingdom 0 - Uzbekistan 0 - Vanuatu 0 - Vietnam 0 - Yemen 0 - Antigua and Barbuda No data - Armenia No data - Comoros No data - Equatorial Guinea No data - French Guiana No data - French Southern Territories No data - Grenada No data - Guinea-Bissau No data - Maldives No data - Marshall Islands No data - Micronesia (country) No data - Montenegro No data - Nauru No data - New Caledonia No data - North Korea No data - North Macedonia No data - Palau No data - Saint Kitts and Nevis No data - Saint Lucia No data - Saint Vincent and the Grenadines No data - Samoa No data - Sao Tome and Principe No data - Tuvalu No data - Western Sahara No data ## What you should know about this indicator Possible categories: - 0: no restrictions - 1: screening arrivals - 2: quarantine arrivals from some or all regions - 3: ban arrivals from some regions - 4: ban on all regions or total border closure International travel controls during the COVID-19 pandemic Record restrictions on international travel. Note: this records policy for foreign travellers, not citizens. Source Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford (2023) – [with minor processing](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/international-travel-covid#sources-and-processing) by Our World in Data Last updated August 1, 2024 ## More Data on COVID-19 - [Estimated cumulative excess deaths during COVID-19 For countries that have not reported all-cause mortality data for a given week, an estimate is shown, with uncertainty interval. If reported data is available, that value only is shown. For comparison, cumulative confirmed COVID-19 deaths are shown.](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/excess-deaths-cumulative-economist-single-entity) [Download options](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/excess-deaths-cumulative-economist-single-entity?overlay=download-data) - [Weekly confirmed COVID-19 cases Weekly confirmed cases refer to the cumulative number of cases over the previous week.](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/weekly-covid-cases) [Download options](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/weekly-covid-cases?overlay=download-data) - [COVID-19: Countries with restrictions on international travels Number of recorded countries with a given type of restriction on international travel arrivals.](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/countries-with-restrictions-on-international-travels) [Download options](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/countries-with-restrictions-on-international-travels?overlay=download-data) - [Positive test rate The daily number of confirmed cases divided by the daily number of tests, expressed as a percentage. Tests may refer to the number of tests performed or the number of people tested - depending on which is reported by the particular country.](https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/covid?Metric=Share+of+positive+tests&Interval=7-day+rolling+average&Relative+to+population=false) [Download options](https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/covid?Metric=Share+of+positive+tests&Interval=7-day+rolling+average&Relative+to+population=false&overlay=download-data) - [Share of people with a complete initial protocol Total number of people who received all doses prescribed by the initial vaccination protocol per 100 people in the total population.](https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/covid?Metric=People+fully+vaccinated&Interval=Cumulative&Relative+to+population=true) - [Annual research & development funding for infectious diseases Global annual funding reported for research and development to address neglected tropical diseases (in blue). These are compared to HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, and COVID-19 (in orange). This data is expressed in US dollars, adjusted for inflation.](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/annual-research-development-funding-for-neglected-tropical-diseases) - [Estimated cumulative excess deaths during COVID-19 For countries that have not reported all-cause mortality data for a given week, an estimate is shown, with uncertainty interval. If reported data is available, that value only is shown.](https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/covid?Metric=Excess+mortality+%28estimates%29&Interval=Cumulative&Relative+to+population=false) - [Estimated cumulative excess deaths per 100,000 people during COVID, from The Economist For countries that have not reported all-cause mortality data for a given week, an estimate is shown, with uncertainty interval. If reported data is available, that value only is shown. On the map, only the central estimate is shown.](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/excess-deaths-cumulative-per-100k-economist) - [Number of COVID-19 patients in intensive care (ICU)](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/current-covid-patients-icu) [See all 228 charts on this topic](https://ourworldindata.org/search?topics=COVID-19) ## Sources and processing ### This data is based on the following sources #### Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford – Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT) The Oxford Covid-19 Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT) collected information on which pandemic response measures were enacted by governments, and when. During the pandemic this helped decision-makers and citizens understand governmental responses in a consistent way, aiding efforts to fight the pandemic. Now that covid-19 is no longer designated a public health emergency of international concern, the data can be used for research purposes and to prepare for future pandemics. The OxCGRT systematically collected information on several different common policy responses governments took over 2020, 2021, and 2022, recorded these policies on a scale to reflect the extent of government action, and aggregates these scores into a suite of policy indices. We also collected differentiated policies data where different policies apply to people who were vaccinated and non-vaccinated. The OxCGRT reports publicly available information on 24 policy indicators and a miscellaneous notes field of government response organised into four groups: - C: containment and closure policies - E: economic policies - H: health system policies - V: vaccination policies To help make sense of the data, we have produced four indices that aggregate the data into a single number. For more details about how the indices are comprised, see the section 'Calculation of policy indices' in our documentation. Each of these indices reports a number between 0 to 100 that reflects the level of the government's response along certain dimensions: - overall government response index (all indicators) - containment and health index (all C and H indicators) - stringency index (all C indicators, plus H1 which records public information campaigns) - economic support index (all E indicators) These indices are a measure of how many of the relevant policy types a government has acted upon, and to what degree. The index cannot say whether a government's policy has been implemented effectively. Because of the complexity of the dataset, it is published across 27 CSV files. Our technical documentation (<https://github.com/OxCGRT/covid-policy-dataset/blob/main/documentation_and_codebook.md>) contains all the information users need to navigate and use the data. Retrieved on August 1, 2024 Retrieved from <https://github.com/OxCGRT/covid-policy-dataset> Citation This is the citation of the original data obtained from the source, prior to any processing or adaptation by Our World in Data. To cite data downloaded from this page, please use the suggested citation given in [Reuse This Work](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/international-travel-covid#reuse-this-work) below. ``` Thomas Hale, Noam Angrist, Rafael Goldszmidt, Beatriz Kira, Anna Petherick, Toby Phillips, Samuel Webster, Emily Cameron-Blake, Laura Hallas, Saptarshi Majumdar, and Helen Tatlow. (2021). “A global panel database of pandemic policies (Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker).” Nature Human Behaviour. <https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01079-8> ``` The Oxford Covid-19 Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT) collected information on which pandemic response measures were enacted by governments, and when. During the pandemic this helped decision-makers and citizens understand governmental responses in a consistent way, aiding efforts to fight the pandemic. Now that covid-19 is no longer designated a public health emergency of international concern, the data can be used for research purposes and to prepare for future pandemics. The OxCGRT systematically collected information on several different common policy responses governments took over 2020, 2021, and 2022, recorded these policies on a scale to reflect the extent of government action, and aggregates these scores into a suite of policy indices. We also collected differentiated policies data where different policies apply to people who were vaccinated and non-vaccinated. The OxCGRT reports publicly available information on 24 policy indicators and a miscellaneous notes field of government response organised into four groups: - C: containment and closure policies - E: economic policies - H: health system policies - V: vaccination policies To help make sense of the data, we have produced four indices that aggregate the data into a single number. For more details about how the indices are comprised, see the section 'Calculation of policy indices' in our documentation. Each of these indices reports a number between 0 to 100 that reflects the level of the government's response along certain dimensions: - overall government response index (all indicators) - containment and health index (all C and H indicators) - stringency index (all C indicators, plus H1 which records public information campaigns) - economic support index (all E indicators) These indices are a measure of how many of the relevant policy types a government has acted upon, and to what degree. The index cannot say whether a government's policy has been implemented effectively. Because of the complexity of the dataset, it is published across 27 CSV files. Our technical documentation (<https://github.com/OxCGRT/covid-policy-dataset/blob/main/documentation_and_codebook.md>) contains all the information users need to navigate and use the data. Retrieved on August 1, 2024 Retrieved from <https://github.com/OxCGRT/covid-policy-dataset> Citation This is the citation of the original data obtained from the source, prior to any processing or adaptation by Our World in Data. To cite data downloaded from this page, please use the suggested citation given in [Reuse This Work](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/international-travel-covid#reuse-this-work) below. ``` Thomas Hale, Noam Angrist, Rafael Goldszmidt, Beatriz Kira, Anna Petherick, Toby Phillips, Samuel Webster, Emily Cameron-Blake, Laura Hallas, Saptarshi Majumdar, and Helen Tatlow. (2021). “A global panel database of pandemic policies (Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker).” Nature Human Behaviour. <https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01079-8> ``` ### How we process data at Our World in Data All data and visualizations on Our World in Data rely on data sourced from one or several original data providers. Preparing this original data involves several processing steps. Depending on the data, this can include standardizing country names and world region definitions, converting units, calculating derived indicators such as per capita measures, as well as adding or adapting metadata such as the name or the description given to an indicator. At the link below you can find a detailed description of the structure of our data pipeline, including links to all the code used to prepare data across Our World in Data. [Read about our data pipeline](https://docs.owid.io/projects/etl/) ## Reuse this work - All data produced by third-party providers and made available by Our World in Data are subject to the license terms from the original providers. Our work would not be possible without the data providers we rely on, so we ask you to always cite them appropriately (see below). This is crucial to allow data providers to continue doing their work, enhancing, maintaining and updating valuable data. - All data, visualizations, and code produced by Our World in Data are completely open access under the [Creative Commons BY license](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). You have the permission to use, distribute, and reproduce these in any medium, provided the source and authors are credited. ### Citations #### How to cite this page To cite this page overall, including any descriptions, FAQs or explanations of the data authored by Our World in Data, please use the following citation: ``` “Data Page: International travel controls during the COVID-19 pandemic”, part of the following publication: Edouard Mathieu, Hannah Ritchie, Lucas Rodés-Guirao, Cameron Appel, Daniel Gavrilov, Charlie Giattino, Joe Hasell, Bobbie Macdonald, Saloni Dattani, Diana Beltekian, Esteban Ortiz-Ospina, and Max Roser (2020) - “COVID-19 Pandemic”. Data adapted from Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford. Retrieved from <https://archive.ourworldindata.org/20260304-094028/grapher/international-travel-covid.html> [online resource] (archived on March 4, 2026). ``` #### How to cite this data In-line citationIf you have limited space (e.g. in data visualizations), you can use this abbreviated in-line citation: ``` Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford (2023) – with minor processing by Our World in Data ``` Full citation ``` Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford (2023) – with minor processing by Our World in Data. “International travel controls during the COVID-19 pandemic” [dataset]. Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford, “Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT)” [original data]. Retrieved April 10, 2026 from <https://archive.ourworldindata.org/20260304-094028/grapher/international-travel-covid.html> (archived on March 4, 2026). ``` ### Download #### Quick download Download the data shown in this chart as a ZIP file containing a CSV file, metadata in JSON format, and a README. The CSV file can be opened in Excel, Google Sheets, and other data analysis tools. [Download full data Includes all entities and time points](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/international-travel-covid.zip?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false) [Download displayed data Includes only the entities and time points currently visible in the chart](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/international-travel-covid.zip?v=1&csvType=filtered&useColumnShortNames=false) #### Data API Use these URLs to programmatically access this chart's data and configure your requests with the options below. [Our documentation provides more information](https://docs.owid.io/projects/etl/api/) on how to use the API, and you can find a few code examples below. Download full data, including all entities and time points Download only the currently selected data visible in the chart ##### Data URL (CSV format) ``` https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/international-travel-covid.csv?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false ``` ##### Metadata URL (JSON format) ``` https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/international-travel-covid.metadata.json?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false ``` #### Code examples Examples of how to load this data into different data analysis tools. ##### Excel / Google Sheets ``` =IMPORTDATA("https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/international-travel-covid.csv?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false") ``` ##### Python with Pandas ``` import pandas as pd import requests # Fetch the data. df = pd.read_csv("https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/international-travel-covid.csv?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false", storage_options = {'User-Agent': 'Our World In Data data fetch/1.0'}) # Fetch the metadata metadata = requests.get("https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/international-travel-covid.metadata.json?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false").json() ``` ##### R ``` library(jsonlite) # Fetch the data df <- read.csv("https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/international-travel-covid.csv?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false") # Fetch the metadata metadata <- fromJSON("https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/international-travel-covid.metadata.json?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false") ``` ##### Stata ``` import delimited "https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/international-travel-covid.csv?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false", encoding("utf-8") clear ``` #### Our World in Data is free and accessible for everyone. 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Readable Markdown	Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford – Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT) The Oxford Covid-19 Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT) collected information on which pandemic response measures were enacted by governments, and when. During the pandemic this helped decision-makers and citizens understand governmental responses in a consistent way, aiding efforts to fight the pandemic. Now that covid-19 is no longer designated a public health emergency of international concern, the data can be used for research purposes and to prepare for future pandemics. The OxCGRT systematically collected information on several different common policy responses governments took over 2020, 2021, and 2022, recorded these policies on a scale to reflect the extent of government action, and aggregates these scores into a suite of policy indices. We also collected differentiated policies data where different policies apply to people who were vaccinated and non-vaccinated. The OxCGRT reports publicly available information on 24 policy indicators and a miscellaneous notes field of government response organised into four groups: - C: containment and closure policies - E: economic policies - H: health system policies - V: vaccination policies To help make sense of the data, we have produced four indices that aggregate the data into a single number. For more details about how the indices are comprised, see the section 'Calculation of policy indices' in our documentation. Each of these indices reports a number between 0 to 100 that reflects the level of the government's response along certain dimensions: - overall government response index (all indicators) - containment and health index (all C and H indicators) - stringency index (all C indicators, plus H1 which records public information campaigns) - economic support index (all E indicators) These indices are a measure of how many of the relevant policy types a government has acted upon, and to what degree. The index cannot say whether a government's policy has been implemented effectively. Because of the complexity of the dataset, it is published across 27 CSV files. Our technical documentation (<https://github.com/OxCGRT/covid-policy-dataset/blob/main/documentation_and_codebook.md>) contains all the information users need to navigate and use the data. Retrieved on August 1, 2024 Retrieved from Citation This is the citation of the original data obtained from the source, prior to any processing or adaptation by Our World in Data. To cite data downloaded from this page, please use the suggested citation given in [Reuse This Work](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/international-travel-covid#reuse-this-work) below. ``` Thomas Hale, Noam Angrist, Rafael Goldszmidt, Beatriz Kira, Anna Petherick, Toby Phillips, Samuel Webster, Emily Cameron-Blake, Laura Hallas, Saptarshi Majumdar, and Helen Tatlow. (2021). “A global panel database of pandemic policies (Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker).” Nature Human Behaviour. <https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01079-8> ``` The Oxford Covid-19 Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT) collected information on which pandemic response measures were enacted by governments, and when. During the pandemic this helped decision-makers and citizens understand governmental responses in a consistent way, aiding efforts to fight the pandemic. Now that covid-19 is no longer designated a public health emergency of international concern, the data can be used for research purposes and to prepare for future pandemics. The OxCGRT systematically collected information on several different common policy responses governments took over 2020, 2021, and 2022, recorded these policies on a scale to reflect the extent of government action, and aggregates these scores into a suite of policy indices. We also collected differentiated policies data where different policies apply to people who were vaccinated and non-vaccinated. The OxCGRT reports publicly available information on 24 policy indicators and a miscellaneous notes field of government response organised into four groups: - C: containment and closure policies - E: economic policies - H: health system policies - V: vaccination policies To help make sense of the data, we have produced four indices that aggregate the data into a single number. For more details about how the indices are comprised, see the section 'Calculation of policy indices' in our documentation. Each of these indices reports a number between 0 to 100 that reflects the level of the government's response along certain dimensions: - overall government response index (all indicators) - containment and health index (all C and H indicators) - stringency index (all C indicators, plus H1 which records public information campaigns) - economic support index (all E indicators) These indices are a measure of how many of the relevant policy types a government has acted upon, and to what degree. The index cannot say whether a government's policy has been implemented effectively. Because of the complexity of the dataset, it is published across 27 CSV files. Our technical documentation (<https://github.com/OxCGRT/covid-policy-dataset/blob/main/documentation_and_codebook.md>) contains all the information users need to navigate and use the data. Retrieved on August 1, 2024 Retrieved from Citation This is the citation of the original data obtained from the source, prior to any processing or adaptation by Our World in Data. To cite data downloaded from this page, please use the suggested citation given in [Reuse This Work](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/international-travel-covid#reuse-this-work) below. ``` Thomas Hale, Noam Angrist, Rafael Goldszmidt, Beatriz Kira, Anna Petherick, Toby Phillips, Samuel Webster, Emily Cameron-Blake, Laura Hallas, Saptarshi Majumdar, and Helen Tatlow. (2021). “A global panel database of pandemic policies (Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker).” Nature Human Behaviour. <https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01079-8> ```
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Unparsed URL	org,ourworldindata!/grapher/international-travel-covid s443