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URLhttps://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/brain-fog
Last Crawled2026-04-20 14:38:42 (1 day ago)
First Indexed2024-06-04 17:20:11 (1 year ago)
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Meta TitleBrain Fog: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
Meta DescriptionBrain fog is a group of symptoms that affect your thinking, memory and concentration. It’s common after COVID-19 and chemotherapy.
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A note from Cleveland Clinic If you have brain fog, you might feel frustrated and stuck. Your mind is in a state of buffering, like waiting for a video to load with an unstable internet connection. You know you’re able and willing to complete certain tasks, but you feel like something is holding you back. This can be a tiring and overwhelming feeling, especially if you have a lot of obligations on your plate. Let a healthcare provider know if brain fog affects your day-to-day life. They’ll be able to diagnose and manage the underlying cause to help you feel better. Your provider may also recommend lifestyle changes, like eating healthy meals and getting better sleep, to improve how your immune system functions. Experts You Can Trust Medically Reviewed. Last updated on 05/14/2024. Learn more about the Health Library and our editorial process . References Cleveland Clinic’s health articles are based on evidence-backed information and review by medical professionals to ensure accuracy, reliability and up-to-date clinical standards. Experts You Can Trust Medically Reviewed. Last updated on 05/14/2024. References Cleveland Clinic’s health articles are based on evidence-backed information and review by medical professionals to ensure accuracy, reliability and up-to-date clinical standards. American Medical Association. What doctors wish patients knew about long COVID-19 brain fog (https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/public-health/what-doctors-wish-patients-knew-about-long-covid-19-brain-fog) . Last updated 2/17/2023. Accessed 5/3/2024. Kverno K. Brain Fog: A Bit of Clarity Regarding Etiology, Prognosis, and Treatment (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34714198/) . J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv . 2021 Nov;59(11):9-13. Accessed 5/3/2024. National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Shining a Light on Long COVID Brain Fog (https://covid19.nih.gov/news-and-stories/shining-light-long-covid-brain-fog) . Last updated 12/2023. Accessed 5/3/2024.
Markdown
![](https://zdbb.net/l/Dnl1wmWs8xCCpvWNCt9Egf/?w=16&q=75) Locations: [Abu Dhabi](https://www.clevelandclinicabudhabi.ae/en)\|[Canada](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/canada)\|[Florida](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/florida)\|[London](https://clevelandcliniclondon.uk/)\|[Nevada](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/locations/nevada)\|[Ohio](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/)\| ![Gray gradient](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/_next/static/media/gray-gradient-left-16.59910877.svg?w=32&q=75)![Gray gradient](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/_next/static/media/gray-gradient-right-32.dd7ce4e5.svg?w=64&q=75) [855\.733.3712](tel:8557333712)\|[MyChart](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/online-services/mychart)\|[Need Help?](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/help)\|[Careers](https://jobs.clevelandclinic.org/)\|[Donate Now](https://give.ccf.org/give/187824#!/donation/checkout)\| ![Gray gradient](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/_next/static/media/gray-gradient-left-16.59910877.svg?w=32&q=75)![Gray gradient](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/_next/static/media/gray-gradient-right-32.dd7ce4e5.svg?w=64&q=75) [![Cleveland Clinic logo](https://assets.clevelandclinic.org/transform/1bc1ff31-3cbc-4976-9ddf-9bc85e0877eb/Cleveland-Clinic-Logo-Web?w=3840&q=75)](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/) [Find a Provider](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/providers)[Locations and Directions](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/locations)[Services](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services)[Patients and Visitors](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/patients)[Health Library](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health) - [Find a Provider](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/providers) - [Locations and Directions](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/locations) - [Services](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services) - [Patients and Visitors](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/patients) - [Health Library](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health) [![Search](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/_next/static/media/LondonGreenSearchIcon.6d7e718f.svg?w=64&q=75)](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/search) Menu [![Search](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/_next/static/media/LondonGreenSearchIcon.6d7e718f.svg?w=64&q=75)](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/search)[Appointments](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/patients/information/access) [Home](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/)/ [Health Library](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health)/ [Symptoms](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms)/ Brain Fog Advertisement Advertisement # Brain Fog Medically Reviewed. Last updated on 05/14/2024. Brain fog is a common group of symptoms that affect how you think, remember and concentrate. It can make doing ordinary tasks challenging. You might lose your train of thought in the middle of a conversation. It’s usually temporary, but the length of time you’ll experience brain fog can vary. Advertisement Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. [Policy](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/advertising) Care at Cleveland Clinic [Neurology Care for Adults](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/neurology-care) [Neurology Care for Children](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/pediatrics/services/neurology-care) [Make an Appointment](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/webappointment/what-to-expect) Contents [Overview](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/brain-fog#overview)[Possible Causes](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/brain-fog#possible-causes)[Care and Treatment](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/brain-fog#care-and-treatment)[When To Call the Doctor](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/brain-fog#when-to-call-the-doctor) Contents [Overview](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/brain-fog#overview)[Possible Causes](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/brain-fog#possible-causes)[Care and Treatment](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/brain-fog#care-and-treatment)[When To Call the Doctor](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/brain-fog#when-to-call-the-doctor) ## Overview ![Nine common symptoms of brain fog that cause cognitive impairment](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/-/scassets/images/org/health/articles/brain-fog) **Image content:** This image is available to view online. View image online (https://my.clevelandclinic.org/-/scassets/images/org/health/articles/brain-fog) Brain fog is a collection of symptoms that affect your cognitive function. ### What is brain fog? “Brain fog” is a term for a range of symptoms that cause [cognitive impairment](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17990-mild-cognitive-impairment). This affects your ability to think clearly, focus, concentrate, remember and pay attention. Like its name, these symptoms cloud your mind and make it difficult to perform routine tasks like holding a conversation, listening to instructions or remembering the steps of something you’re doing. Advertisement Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. [Policy](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/advertising) Brain fog, also called mental fog, can happen after an illness, as a side effect of a medication (like [chemotherapy](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21032-chemo-brain)) or as a symptom of an underlying condition. A healthcare provider can help you determine what’s causing brain fog to help you feel more like yourself. #### What does brain fog feel like? Brain fog can feel slightly different for each person. You may experience the following with brain fog: - Difficulty concentrating or focusing. - Confusion. - [Fatigue](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/21206-fatigue). - Forgetfulness. - Losing your train of thought. - Mental exhaustion. - Not having the right words. - Slow thought process and reaction time. - Trouble paying attention. ## Possible Causes ### What causes brain fog? There are multiple possible causes of brain fog. Some common causes include: - A lack of [sleep](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/12148-sleep-basics). - [Autoimmune conditions](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21624-autoimmune-diseases) like [lupus](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4875-lupus), [multiple sclerosis](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17248-multiple-sclerosis) and [fibromyalgia](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4832-fibromyalgia). - [Diabetes](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/7104-diabetes) and low blood sugar levels ([hypoglycemia](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11647-hypoglycemia-low-blood-sugar)). - Mental health conditions like [anxiety](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9536-anxiety-disorders) or [depression](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9290-depression). - [Neurodivergent](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/23154-neurodivergent) conditions like [ADHD](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/5197-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd-in-adults) and [autism spectrum disorder](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8855-autism). - [Hormonal](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/22464-hormones) changes like during [pregnancy](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/9709-pregnancy-am-i-pregnant) or [menopause](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21841-menopause). - Poor nutrition. - [Stress](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/11874-stress). In addition, you may develop brain fog after: - A [COVID-19](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21214-coronavirus-covid-19) infection ([long COVID](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/25111-long-covid)). - [Chemotherapy](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/16859-chemotherapy) treatment for [cancer](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12194-cancer). - Long hospital stays. Some research shows that your [immune system](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/21196-immune-system) could cause [inflammation](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/21660-inflammation) in your [brain](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/22638-brain) (neuroinflammation) that temporarily blocks or makes it more difficult for your body to process information. Advertisement Regarding brain fog and COVID-19, new research shows that brain fog is a result of the virus living in your gut after infection symptoms resolve. It changes your gut’s [microbiome](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/25201-gut-microbiome). This can reduce how much [serotonin](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/22572-serotonin) (a chemical messenger) your body produces, which can impact cognitive function and lead to symptoms of brain fog. ## Care and Treatment ### How do I get rid of brain fog? There isn’t a specific treatment available for brain fog. A healthcare provider might first recommend tips to boost your immune system like: - Improving your [sleep habits](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/sleep-hygiene) to get a better night’s rest. - Eating healthy and nutritious meals. - Getting 30 minutes of physical activity in each day. - Writing down important information so you don’t forget it. - Taking [short breaks](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/mindful-moments-for-mental-health/) (about 30 minutes each) throughout the day to reduce overworking your brain. - Participating in [psychotherapy](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/23445-pyschotherapy) like [cognitive behavioral therapy](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/21208-cognitive-behavioral-therapy-cbt). If these tips don’t resolve brain fog, a healthcare provider may address specific symptoms with medications like [antidepressants](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/9301-antidepressants-depression-medication) or [nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/11086-non-steroidal-anti-inflammatory-medicines-nsaids) (NSAIDs), among others. Your provider will also discuss any side effects to look out for while you’re taking a new medication. ### How long does brain fog last? There isn’t a specific timeframe as to how long you’ll experience brain fog. You might feel it for a few days to weeks. But it could last for months to years in some cases. Contact a healthcare provider if brain fog is interfering with your quality of life. They can help you find treatment options to reduce its impact on you. ### Can brain fog be prevented? You can’t completely prevent brain fog from happening. But you can take steps to improve your mental and physical health to reduce your risk of symptoms becoming bothersome. As brain fog is common after COVID-19 infections, getting the [COVID-19 vaccine](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/procedures/covid-vaccine) is beneficial to reduce your risk. Care at Cleveland Clinic [Neurology Care for Adults](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/neurology-care) [Neurology Care for Children](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/pediatrics/services/neurology-care) [Make an Appointment](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/webappointment/what-to-expect) ## When To Call the Doctor ### When should brain fog be treated by a healthcare provider? Let a healthcare provider know if you experience brain fog, especially if it’s disruptive to your daily activities and routine. You might want to talk to a provider if you frequently forget about appointments, have trouble completing ordinary tasks or find it difficult to pay attention when someone’s talking to you. Brain fog is common, and a provider can help you find out what’s causing your symptoms. ### A note from Cleveland Clinic If you have brain fog, you might feel frustrated and stuck. Your mind is in a state of buffering, like waiting for a video to load with an unstable internet connection. You know you’re able and willing to complete certain tasks, but you feel like something is holding you back. This can be a tiring and overwhelming feeling, especially if you have a lot of obligations on your plate. Let a healthcare provider know if brain fog affects your day-to-day life. They’ll be able to diagnose and manage the underlying cause to help you feel better. Your provider may also recommend lifestyle changes, like eating healthy meals and getting better sleep, to improve how your immune system functions. Advertisement [![Cleveland Clinic logo](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/_next/static/media/logo-ccf.1e52a22b.svg?w=3840&q=75)](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/)[![Cleveland Clinic icon](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/_next/static/media/CCFLogo.000428c6.svg?w=3840&q=75)](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/) [![Health Essentials logo](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/_next/static/media/HealthEssentials.b811bb06.svg?w=3840&q=75)](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/) ![Subscription icon](https://assets.clevelandclinic.org/transform/482db8cd-aa1e-45b5-a2a4-cf6aa5e5d2d4/Health-Essentials?w=256&q=75) ## Better health starts here Sign up for our Health Essentials emails for expert guidance on nutrition, fitness, sleep, skin care and more. 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Last updated on 05/14/2024. ### References Cleveland Clinic’s health articles are based on evidence-backed information and review by medical professionals to ensure accuracy, reliability and up-to-date clinical standards. - American Medical Association. What doctors wish patients knew about long COVID-19 brain fog *(https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/public-health/what-doctors-wish-patients-knew-about-long-covid-19-brain-fog)*. Last updated 2/17/2023. Accessed 5/3/2024. - Kverno K. Brain Fog: A Bit of Clarity Regarding Etiology, Prognosis, and Treatment *(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34714198/)*. *J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv*. 2021 Nov;59(11):9-13. Accessed 5/3/2024. - National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Shining a Light on Long COVID Brain Fog *(https://covid19.nih.gov/news-and-stories/shining-light-long-covid-brain-fog)*. Last updated 12/2023. Accessed 5/3/2024. ### Care at Cleveland Clinic If you have a neurological condition, you want expert advice. At Cleveland Clinic, we’ll work to create a treatment plan that’s right for you. ![Doctor in white coat consulting patient.](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/-/scassets/images/org/care-pages/neuro/neurology-feature.jpg?w=640&q=75) [Neurology Care for Adults](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/neurology-care) [Neurology Care for Children](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/pediatrics/services/neurology-care) [Make an Appointment](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/webappointment/what-to-expect) Advertisement Advertisement Ad Appointments [866\.588.2264](tel:8665882264) [Appointments & Locations](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/departments/neurological/appointments) [Request an Appointment](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/webappointment/what-to-expect) [Find a ProviderNeed a primary care doctor or a specialist? 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Readable Markdown
### A note from Cleveland Clinic If you have brain fog, you might feel frustrated and stuck. Your mind is in a state of buffering, like waiting for a video to load with an unstable internet connection. You know you’re able and willing to complete certain tasks, but you feel like something is holding you back. This can be a tiring and overwhelming feeling, especially if you have a lot of obligations on your plate. Let a healthcare provider know if brain fog affects your day-to-day life. They’ll be able to diagnose and manage the underlying cause to help you feel better. Your provider may also recommend lifestyle changes, like eating healthy meals and getting better sleep, to improve how your immune system functions. ### Experts You Can Trust Medically Reviewed. Last updated on 05/14/2024. Learn more about the [Health Library](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/about) and our [editorial process](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/about/website/editorial-policy). ### References Cleveland Clinic’s health articles are based on evidence-backed information and review by medical professionals to ensure accuracy, reliability and up-to-date clinical standards. #### ### Experts You Can Trust Medically Reviewed. Last updated on 05/14/2024. ### References Cleveland Clinic’s health articles are based on evidence-backed information and review by medical professionals to ensure accuracy, reliability and up-to-date clinical standards. - American Medical Association. What doctors wish patients knew about long COVID-19 brain fog *(https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/public-health/what-doctors-wish-patients-knew-about-long-covid-19-brain-fog)*. Last updated 2/17/2023. Accessed 5/3/2024. - Kverno K. Brain Fog: A Bit of Clarity Regarding Etiology, Prognosis, and Treatment *(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34714198/)*. *J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv*. 2021 Nov;59(11):9-13. Accessed 5/3/2024. - National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Shining a Light on Long COVID Brain Fog *(https://covid19.nih.gov/news-and-stories/shining-light-long-covid-brain-fog)*. Last updated 12/2023. Accessed 5/3/2024.
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