🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 143 (from laksa179)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa143.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12119-insomnia\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12119-insomnia\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/12119-insomnia","crawl_time":1776163311,"first_indexed_time":1513161849,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"org,clevelandclinic!my,\/health\/diseases\/12119-insomnia s443","src_root_hash":"9889140825964526943","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Insomnia: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment","meta_descriptions":["Insomnia is when you don’t get enough quality sleep, affecting how you feel and function during waking hours. It’s usually not dangerous and is typically treatable."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Video content:\nThis video is available to watch online.\nView video online\n(https:\/\/cdnapisec.kaltura.com\/p\/2207941\/sp\/220794100\/playManifest\/entryId\/1_chhlxkvp\/flavorId\/1_5f3sgelj\/format\/url\/protocol\/https\/a.mp4)\nSleep specialist Nancy Foldvary-Schaefer, DO, explains insomnia and the many ways it can be treated.\nSleep specialist Nancy Foldvary-Schaefer, DO, explains insomnia and the many ways it can be treated.\nHow is it treated?\nThe main treatment approaches for insomnia include:\nCognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)\nMedications (\nsleeping pills\n)\nIn general, your healthcare provider is the best person to tell you about your options and what they recommend. They can also explain possible side effects of medications.\nCognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I)\nCognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I)\nis the first-line treatment for insomnia. The purpose of CBT-I is to identify behaviors, thoughts, beliefs and emotions that may be keeping insomnia going. A healthcare professional then finds strategies that will help address these issues.\nIt typically involves six to eight sessions. It may be individual or group therapy. CBT-I can be led by psychologists who specialize in behavioral sleep medicine, therapists or other medical professionals.\nExamples of strategies that may be part of CBT-I include:\nSleep restriction therapy (SRT)\n: SRT addresses the mismatch between your sleep ability (how much you actually sleep) and your sleep opportunity (how much time you spend in bed).\nStimulus control therapy\n: You do activities that are associated with sleep (like lying down when sleepy) and avoid ones that aren’t (like watching TV). Other recommendations include getting up at the same time every day and avoiding napping.\nSleep hygiene\n: Your therapist will walk you through how to improve your sleep hygiene. For example, you should avoid caffeine and alcohol use before bedtime and create a comfortable sleeping environment.\nCognitive therapy\n: Addressing negative thoughts, beliefs or emotions that are related to sleep or the effects of insomnia.\nMedications\nMany types of medications can help you fall or stay asleep. Medications that treat insomnia may not help everyone. Some medications can interact with others, and your overall health plays a role, too.\nCertain herbs or supplements can help treat insomnia. But it’s best not to assume that an herb or supplement is automatically safe for you. Talk to a provider before taking them. That helps you avoid possible side effects or interactions.\nExamples of insomnia medications include:\nBenzodiazepines\n“Z-drugs”\nDual orexin receptor antagonists (DORAs)\nTricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)\nMelatonin\nand related drugs\nWhen should I see my healthcare provider?\nSee your healthcare provider if treatment isn’t helping with your insomnia symptoms. Reach out to them if your symptoms get worse or if you have medication side effects.","attrs_markdown":"![](https:\/\/zdbb.net\/l\/Dnl1wmWs8xCCpvWNCt9Egf\/?w=16&q=75)\n\nLocations:\n\n[Abu Dhabi](https:\/\/www.clevelandclinicabudhabi.ae\/en)\\|[Canada](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/canada)\\|[Florida](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/florida)\\|[London](https:\/\/clevelandcliniclondon.uk\/)\\|[Nevada](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/locations\/nevada)\\|[Ohio](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/)\\|\n\n![Gray gradient](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/_next\/static\/media\/gray-gradient-left-16.59910877.svg?w=32&q=75)![Gray gradient](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/_next\/static\/media\/gray-gradient-right-32.dd7ce4e5.svg?w=64&q=75)\n\n[855\\.733.3712](tel:8557333712)\\|[MyChart](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/online-services\/mychart)\\|[Need Help?](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/help)\\|[Careers](https:\/\/jobs.clevelandclinic.org\/)\\|[Donate Now](https:\/\/give.ccf.org\/give\/187824#!\/donation\/checkout)\\|\n\n![Gray gradient](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/_next\/static\/media\/gray-gradient-left-16.59910877.svg?w=32&q=75)![Gray gradient](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/_next\/static\/media\/gray-gradient-right-32.dd7ce4e5.svg?w=64&q=75)\n\n[![Cleveland Clinic logo](https:\/\/assets.clevelandclinic.org\/transform\/1bc1ff31-3cbc-4976-9ddf-9bc85e0877eb\/Cleveland-Clinic-Logo-Web?w=3840&q=75)](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/)\n\n[Find a Provider](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/providers)[Locations and Directions](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/locations)[Services](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/services)[Patients and Visitors](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/patients)[Health Library](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health)\n\n- [Find a Provider](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/providers)\n- [Locations and Directions](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/locations)\n- [Services](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/services)\n- [Patients and Visitors](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/patients)\n- [Health Library](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health)\n\n[![Search](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/_next\/static\/media\/LondonGreenSearchIcon.6d7e718f.svg?w=64&q=75)](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/search)\n\nMenu\n\n[![Search](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/_next\/static\/media\/LondonGreenSearchIcon.6d7e718f.svg?w=64&q=75)](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/search)[Appointments](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/patients\/information\/access)\n\n[Home](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/)\/\n\n[Health Library](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health)\/\n\n[Diseases & Conditions](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases)\/\n\nInsomnia\n\nAdvertisement\n\nAdvertisement\n# Insomnia\nMedically Reviewed.\n\nLast updated on 01\/06\/2026.\n\nInsomnia is when you experience disruptions in how you feel or function because you aren’t sleeping well or sleeping enough. About 10% of the world’s population experiences insomnia that qualifies as a medical condition. There are many ways to treat it, including talk therapy and medications.\n\nAdvertisement\n\nCleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. [Policy](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/advertising)\n\nCare at Cleveland Clinic\n\n[Insomnia Treatment](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/services\/insomnia-treatment)\n\n[Find a Doctor and Specialists](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/services\/insomnia-treatment#featured-provider-panel)\n\n[Make an Appointment](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/webappointment)\n\nContents\n\n[What Is Insomnia?](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/12119-insomnia#what-is-insomnia)[Symptoms and Causes](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/12119-insomnia#symptoms-and-causes)[Diagnosis and Tests](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/12119-insomnia#diagnosis-and-tests)[Management and Treatment](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/12119-insomnia#management-and-treatment)[Outlook \/ Prognosis](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/12119-insomnia#outlook-prognosis)\n\nContents\n\n[What Is Insomnia?](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/12119-insomnia#what-is-insomnia)[Symptoms and Causes](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/12119-insomnia#symptoms-and-causes)[Diagnosis and Tests](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/12119-insomnia#diagnosis-and-tests)[Management and Treatment](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/12119-insomnia#management-and-treatment)[Outlook \/ Prognosis](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/12119-insomnia#outlook-prognosis)\n\n## What Is Insomnia?\nInsomnia is a [sleep disorder](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/11429-sleep-disorders) that makes it hard to fall asleep or stay asleep throughout the night. For some people, insomnia is an inconvenience. For others, it can be a major disruption. It has several causes.\n\nAdvertisement\n\nCleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. [Policy](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/advertising)\n\nRoughly, 1 in 3 adults worldwide have insomnia symptoms. About 10% of adults have chronic (long-term) insomnia, which lasts at least three months.\n\nYour body needs quality sleep for many reasons. When you don’t sleep enough, it can cause [sleep deprivation](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/23970-sleep-deprivation). This can keep you from functioning at your best. Let your healthcare provider know if you have insomnia symptoms. Treatment can help you get better rest.\n\n## Symptoms and Causes\n![Insomnia keeps you from sleeping, causing daytime disruptions of your physical and mental abilities](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/-\/scassets\/images\/org\/health\/articles\/12119-insomnia)\n\n**Image content:** This image is available to view online.\n\nView image online (https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/-\/scassets\/images\/org\/health\/articles\/12119-insomnia)\n\nSome of the effects of insomnia become dangerous when insomnia is severe or long-lasting.\n\n### Symptoms of insomnia\nInsomnia has several potential symptoms, including:\n\n- Trouble falling asleep\n- Waking up in the middle of the night but falling back asleep (most common)\n- Waking up too early without being able to fall back asleep\n- Feeling tired, unwell or sleepy\n- Delayed responses, such as reacting too slowly when you’re driving\n- Memory issues\n- Slowed thinking, confusion or trouble concentrating\n- Mood changes, like anxiety, depression and irritability\n- Issues doing work, social activities, hobbies or other routine activities\n### Insomnia causes\nExperts don’t fully know why insomnia happens. But they think it involves many factors. Some of the factors that could cause or contribute to it include:\n\n- **Family history (genetics):** Sleep traits and conditions seem to run in families.\n- **Brain differences:** You may have a more active brain or brain chemistry differences that affect your ability to sleep.\n- **Medical conditions:** Temporary illnesses (like COVID-19 or injuries) and chronic conditions (like chronic pain or Parkinson’s disease) can lead to insomnia.\n- **Hormone changes:** Pregnancy and menopause can affect your sleep.\n- **Mental health conditions:** About half the people with chronic insomnia also have at least one other mental health disorder, like anxiety or depression.\n- **Life circumstances:** Stressful or difficult life circumstances may contribute to insomnia.\n- **Life changes:** Jet lag and adjusting to a new work schedule (especially shift work) can be factors. Long-term changes, like moving to a new home, can also affect sleep.\n- **Your habits and routine:** Your sleep habits can contribute to insomnia. That includes napping, what time you go to sleep, consuming caffeine and other habits.\n\nAdvertisement\n\n#### Risk factors\nInsomnia is more likely to affect you if you:\n\n- Are a light sleeper\n- Drink alcohol\n- Don’t feel safe in your home (such as situations involving repeated violence or abuse)\n- Have fear or anxiety about sleep, like nocturnal panic attacks or nightmare disorder\n### Complications of this condition\nWhen insomnia is severe or lasts a long time, it causes sleep deprivation. A major concern with this is daytime sleepiness. It can be dangerous if you’re driving or doing other tasks that require you to be alert and attentive.\n\nSleep deprivation can also increase the risk of certain conditions, like:\n\n- Depression\n- Anxiety\n- High blood pressure\n- Heart attack\n- [Stroke](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/5601-stroke)\n- Obstructive sleep apnea\n- Type 2 diabetes\n- Obesity\n- Conditions that involve psychosis\n\n## Diagnosis and Tests\n### How doctors diagnose this condition\nA healthcare provider will ask you about your health history, sleep habits, symptoms and more. They may also recommend certain tests to rule out other conditions. These tests may include:\n\n- Sleep apnea testing\n- Actigraphy\n- Multiple sleep latency test (MSLT)\n#### Chronic insomnia diagnosis\nTo receive a chronic insomnia diagnosis, your symptoms must have these characteristics:\n\n- **Circumstances**: There are no circumstances that interfere with your ability to sleep (like changes in work schedule or life events).\n- **Frequency**: You have it at least three times per week.\n- **Duration**: It lasts for at least three months.\n- **Explanation**: Insomnia isn’t happening because of substances, medications or other sleep disorders. Physical or mental health disorders also can’t fully explain why you’re not sleeping.\n\n## Management and Treatment\n**Video content:** This video is available to watch online.\n\nView video online (https:\/\/cdnapisec.kaltura.com\/p\/2207941\/sp\/220794100\/playManifest\/entryId\/1\\_chhlxkvp\/flavorId\/1\\_5f3sgelj\/format\/url\/protocol\/https\/a.mp4)\n\nSleep specialist Nancy Foldvary-Schaefer, DO, explains insomnia and the many ways it can be treated.\n\nSleep specialist Nancy Foldvary-Schaefer, DO, explains insomnia and the many ways it can be treated.\n\n### How is it treated?\nThe main treatment approaches for insomnia include:\n\n- Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)\n- Medications ([sleeping pills](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/treatments\/15308-sleeping-pills))\n\nIn general, your healthcare provider is the best person to tell you about your options and what they recommend. They can also explain possible side effects of medications.\n\n#### Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I)\n[Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I)](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/treatments\/cognitive-behavioral-therapy-insomnia) is the first-line treatment for insomnia. The purpose of CBT-I is to identify behaviors, thoughts, beliefs and emotions that may be keeping insomnia going. A healthcare professional then finds strategies that will help address these issues.\n\nIt typically involves six to eight sessions. It may be individual or group therapy. CBT-I can be led by psychologists who specialize in behavioral sleep medicine, therapists or other medical professionals.\n\nExamples of strategies that may be part of CBT-I include:\n\n- **Sleep restriction therapy (SRT)**: SRT addresses the mismatch between your sleep ability (how much you actually sleep) and your sleep opportunity (how much time you spend in bed).\n- **Stimulus control therapy**: You do activities that are associated with sleep (like lying down when sleepy) and avoid ones that aren’t (like watching TV). Other recommendations include getting up at the same time every day and avoiding napping.\n- [**Sleep hygiene**](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/sleep-hygiene): Your therapist will walk you through how to improve your sleep hygiene. For example, you should avoid caffeine and alcohol use before bedtime and create a comfortable sleeping environment.\n- **Cognitive therapy**: Addressing negative thoughts, beliefs or emotions that are related to sleep or the effects of insomnia.\n\nAdvertisement\n\n#### Medications\nMany types of medications can help you fall or stay asleep. Medications that treat insomnia may not help everyone. Some medications can interact with others, and your overall health plays a role, too.\n\nCertain herbs or supplements can help treat insomnia. But it’s best not to assume that an herb or supplement is automatically safe for you. Talk to a provider before taking them. That helps you avoid possible side effects or interactions.\n\nExamples of insomnia medications include:\n\n- Benzodiazepines\n- “Z-drugs”\n- Dual orexin receptor antagonists (DORAs)\n- Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)\n- [Melatonin](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/melatonin-how-much-should-i-take-for-a-good-nights-rest) and related drugs\n### When should I see my healthcare provider?\nSee your healthcare provider if treatment isn’t helping with your insomnia symptoms. Reach out to them if your symptoms get worse or if you have medication side effects.\n\nCare at Cleveland Clinic\n\n[Insomnia Treatment](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/services\/insomnia-treatment)\n\n[Find a Doctor and Specialists](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/services\/insomnia-treatment#featured-provider-panel)\n\n[Make an Appointment](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/webappointment)\n\n## Outlook \/ Prognosis\n### What can I expect if I have this condition?\nOccasional insomnia usually isn’t a major concern. You may feel tired or not your best the next day. Chronic insomnia is disruptive. Without treatment, it can lead to certain health problems. And it can greatly affect your quality of life.\n### A note from Cleveland Clinic\nEver wish you could just push a button to fall asleep — and stay asleep? Maybe it’s time to talk to your healthcare provider. Insomnia can take a big toll on your mind and physical health. But there’s hope. Behavioral interventions and medications can help you get the quality sleep you need.\n\nAdvertisement\n\n[![Cleveland Clinic logo](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/_next\/static\/media\/logo-ccf.1e52a22b.svg?w=3840&q=75)](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/)[![Cleveland Clinic icon](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/_next\/static\/media\/CCFLogo.000428c6.svg?w=3840&q=75)](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/)\n\n[![Health Essentials logo](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/_next\/static\/media\/HealthEssentials.b811bb06.svg?w=3840&q=75)](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/)\n\n![Subscription icon](https:\/\/assets.clevelandclinic.org\/transform\/482db8cd-aa1e-45b5-a2a4-cf6aa5e5d2d4\/Health-Essentials?w=256&q=75)\n\n## Better health starts here\nSign up for our Health Essentials emails for expert guidance on nutrition, fitness, sleep, skin care and more.\n\n[Example email](https:\/\/assets.clevelandclinic.org\/transform\/2ff943a2-abb1-4a1c-8ede-f8848703e789\/HealthEssentials-SampleEmail-2026)[Sign up](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health-essentials-sign-up)\n\n[Sign up](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health-essentials-sign-up)[Example email](https:\/\/assets.clevelandclinic.org\/transform\/2ff943a2-abb1-4a1c-8ede-f8848703e789\/HealthEssentials-SampleEmail-2026)\n\n### Experts You Can Trust\nMedically Reviewed.\n\nLast updated on 01\/06\/2026.\n\nLearn more about the [Health Library](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/about) and our [editorial process](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/about\/website\/editorial-policy).\n\n### References\nCleveland Clinic’s health articles are based on evidence-backed information and review by medical professionals to ensure accuracy, reliability and up-to-date clinical standards.\n#### View Sources\n\n### Experts You Can Trust\nMedically Reviewed.\n\nLast updated on 01\/06\/2026.\n\n### References\nCleveland Clinic’s health articles are based on evidence-backed information and review by medical professionals to ensure accuracy, reliability and up-to-date clinical standards.\n\n- Allen RM, Pavlova M. Neuropsychiatry of Sleep and Sleep Disorders. In: Silbersweig DA, Safar LT, Daffner KR, eds. *Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Neurology: Principles and Practice*. McGraw-Hill; 2021. Accessed 1\/6\/2026.\n- McNamara S, Spurling BC, Bollu PC. Chronic Insomnia *(https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK526136\/)*. 2025 Mar 28. In: *StatPearls* \\[Internet\\]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2026 Jan. Accessed 1\/6\/2026.\n- Momin RR, Aslam SP, Ketvertis K. Short-Term Insomnia *(https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK554516\/)*. 2025 Apr 22. In: *StatPearls* \\[Internet\\]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2026 Jan. Accessed 1\/6\/2026.\n- Scammell TE, Saper CB, Czeisler CA. Sleep Disorders. In: Loscalzo J, Fauci A, Kasper D, Hauser S, Longo D, Jameson J. eds. *Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine.* 21 ed. McGraw-Hill; 2022.\n- Sleep-Wake Disorders. In: *Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (text revision)*. American Psychiatric Association; 2022.\n- Walker J, Muench A, Perlis ML, Vargas I. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I): A Primer *(https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10002474\/)*. *Klin Spec Psihol*. 2022 Mar;11(2):123-137. Accessed 1\/6\/2026.\n\n### Care at Cleveland Clinic\nInsomnia makes it hard to get the restful sleep you need to function well the next day. Cleveland Clinic sleep experts can help your body get the sleep it needs.\n\n![Patient talking to a doctor](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/-\/scassets\/images\/org\/care-pages\/neuro\/insomnia-feature.jpg?w=640&q=75)\n\n[Insomnia Treatment](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/services\/insomnia-treatment)\n\n[Find a Doctor and Specialists](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/services\/insomnia-treatment#featured-provider-panel)\n\n[Make an Appointment](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/webappointment)\n\nAdvertisement\n\nAdvertisement\n\nAd\n\nAppointments [866\\.588.2264](tel:8665882264)\n\n[Appointments & Locations](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/departments\/neurological\/appointments)\n\n[Request an Appointment](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/webappointment\/what-to-expect)\n\n[Find a ProviderNeed a primary care doctor or a specialist? 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All Rights Reserved.","attrs_readable_markdown":"**Video content:** This video is available to watch online.\n\nView video online (https:\/\/cdnapisec.kaltura.com\/p\/2207941\/sp\/220794100\/playManifest\/entryId\/1\\_chhlxkvp\/flavorId\/1\\_5f3sgelj\/format\/url\/protocol\/https\/a.mp4)\n\nSleep specialist Nancy Foldvary-Schaefer, DO, explains insomnia and the many ways it can be treated.\n\nSleep specialist Nancy Foldvary-Schaefer, DO, explains insomnia and the many ways it can be treated.\n\n### How is it treated?\nThe main treatment approaches for insomnia include:\n\n- Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)\n- Medications ([sleeping pills](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/treatments\/15308-sleeping-pills))\n\nIn general, your healthcare provider is the best person to tell you about your options and what they recommend. They can also explain possible side effects of medications.\n\n#### Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I)\n[Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I)](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/treatments\/cognitive-behavioral-therapy-insomnia) is the first-line treatment for insomnia. The purpose of CBT-I is to identify behaviors, thoughts, beliefs and emotions that may be keeping insomnia going. A healthcare professional then finds strategies that will help address these issues.\n\nIt typically involves six to eight sessions. It may be individual or group therapy. CBT-I can be led by psychologists who specialize in behavioral sleep medicine, therapists or other medical professionals.\n\nExamples of strategies that may be part of CBT-I include:\n\n- **Sleep restriction therapy (SRT)**: SRT addresses the mismatch between your sleep ability (how much you actually sleep) and your sleep opportunity (how much time you spend in bed).\n- **Stimulus control therapy**: You do activities that are associated with sleep (like lying down when sleepy) and avoid ones that aren’t (like watching TV). Other recommendations include getting up at the same time every day and avoiding napping.\n- [**Sleep hygiene**](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/sleep-hygiene): Your therapist will walk you through how to improve your sleep hygiene. For example, you should avoid caffeine and alcohol use before bedtime and create a comfortable sleeping environment.\n- **Cognitive therapy**: Addressing negative thoughts, beliefs or emotions that are related to sleep or the effects of insomnia.\n#### Medications\nMany types of medications can help you fall or stay asleep. Medications that treat insomnia may not help everyone. Some medications can interact with others, and your overall health plays a role, too.\n\nCertain herbs or supplements can help treat insomnia. But it’s best not to assume that an herb or supplement is automatically safe for you. Talk to a provider before taking them. That helps you avoid possible side effects or interactions.\n\nExamples of insomnia medications include:\n\n- Benzodiazepines\n- “Z-drugs”\n- Dual orexin receptor antagonists (DORAs)\n- Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)\n- [Melatonin](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/melatonin-how-much-should-i-take-for-a-good-nights-rest) and related drugs\n### When should I see my healthcare provider?\nSee your healthcare provider if treatment isn’t helping with your insomnia symptoms. Reach out to them if your symptoms get worse or if you have medication side effects.","meta_canonical":null}

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Meta Title	Insomnia: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
Meta Description	Insomnia is when you don’t get enough quality sleep, affecting how you feel and function during waking hours. It’s usually not dangerous and is typically treatable.
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Boilerpipe Text	Video content: This video is available to watch online. View video online (https://cdnapisec.kaltura.com/p/2207941/sp/220794100/playManifest/entryId/1_chhlxkvp/flavorId/1_5f3sgelj/format/url/protocol/https/a.mp4) Sleep specialist Nancy Foldvary-Schaefer, DO, explains insomnia and the many ways it can be treated. Sleep specialist Nancy Foldvary-Schaefer, DO, explains insomnia and the many ways it can be treated. How is it treated? The main treatment approaches for insomnia include: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) Medications ( sleeping pills ) In general, your healthcare provider is the best person to tell you about your options and what they recommend. They can also explain possible side effects of medications. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is the first-line treatment for insomnia. The purpose of CBT-I is to identify behaviors, thoughts, beliefs and emotions that may be keeping insomnia going. A healthcare professional then finds strategies that will help address these issues. It typically involves six to eight sessions. It may be individual or group therapy. CBT-I can be led by psychologists who specialize in behavioral sleep medicine, therapists or other medical professionals. Examples of strategies that may be part of CBT-I include: Sleep restriction therapy (SRT) : SRT addresses the mismatch between your sleep ability (how much you actually sleep) and your sleep opportunity (how much time you spend in bed). Stimulus control therapy : You do activities that are associated with sleep (like lying down when sleepy) and avoid ones that aren’t (like watching TV). Other recommendations include getting up at the same time every day and avoiding napping. Sleep hygiene : Your therapist will walk you through how to improve your sleep hygiene. For example, you should avoid caffeine and alcohol use before bedtime and create a comfortable sleeping environment. Cognitive therapy : Addressing negative thoughts, beliefs or emotions that are related to sleep or the effects of insomnia. Medications Many types of medications can help you fall or stay asleep. Medications that treat insomnia may not help everyone. Some medications can interact with others, and your overall health plays a role, too. Certain herbs or supplements can help treat insomnia. But it’s best not to assume that an herb or supplement is automatically safe for you. Talk to a provider before taking them. That helps you avoid possible side effects or interactions. Examples of insomnia medications include: Benzodiazepines “Z-drugs” Dual orexin receptor antagonists (DORAs) Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) Melatonin and related drugs When should I see my healthcare provider? See your healthcare provider if treatment isn’t helping with your insomnia symptoms. Reach out to them if your symptoms get worse or if you have medication side effects.
Markdown	![](https://zdbb.net/l/Dnl1wmWs8xCCpvWNCt9Egf/?w=16&q=75) Locations: [Abu Dhabi](https://www.clevelandclinicabudhabi.ae/en)\\|[Canada](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/canada)\\|[Florida](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/florida)\\|[London](https://clevelandcliniclondon.uk/)\\|[Nevada](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/locations/nevada)\\|[Ohio](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/)\\| ![Gray gradient](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/_next/static/media/gray-gradient-left-16.59910877.svg?w=32&q=75)![Gray gradient](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/_next/static/media/gray-gradient-right-32.dd7ce4e5.svg?w=64&q=75) [855\.733.3712](tel:8557333712)\\|[MyChart](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/online-services/mychart)\\|[Need Help?](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/help)\\|[Careers](https://jobs.clevelandclinic.org/)\\|[Donate Now](https://give.ccf.org/give/187824#!/donation/checkout)\\| ![Gray gradient](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/_next/static/media/gray-gradient-left-16.59910877.svg?w=32&q=75)![Gray gradient](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/_next/static/media/gray-gradient-right-32.dd7ce4e5.svg?w=64&q=75) [![Cleveland Clinic logo](https://assets.clevelandclinic.org/transform/1bc1ff31-3cbc-4976-9ddf-9bc85e0877eb/Cleveland-Clinic-Logo-Web?w=3840&q=75)](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/) [Find a Provider](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/providers)[Locations and Directions](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/locations)[Services](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services)[Patients and Visitors](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/patients)[Health Library](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health) - [Find a Provider](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/providers) - [Locations and Directions](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/locations) - [Services](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services) - [Patients and Visitors](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/patients) - [Health Library](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health) [![Search](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/_next/static/media/LondonGreenSearchIcon.6d7e718f.svg?w=64&q=75)](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/search) Menu [![Search](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/_next/static/media/LondonGreenSearchIcon.6d7e718f.svg?w=64&q=75)](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/search)[Appointments](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/patients/information/access) [Home](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/)/ [Health Library](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health)/ [Diseases & Conditions](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases)/ Insomnia Advertisement Advertisement # Insomnia Medically Reviewed. Last updated on 01/06/2026. Insomnia is when you experience disruptions in how you feel or function because you aren’t sleeping well or sleeping enough. About 10% of the world’s population experiences insomnia that qualifies as a medical condition. There are many ways to treat it, including talk therapy and medications. Advertisement Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. [Policy](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/advertising) Care at Cleveland Clinic [Insomnia Treatment](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/insomnia-treatment) [Find a Doctor and Specialists](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/insomnia-treatment#featured-provider-panel) [Make an Appointment](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/webappointment) Contents [What Is Insomnia?](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12119-insomnia#what-is-insomnia)[Symptoms and Causes](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12119-insomnia#symptoms-and-causes)[Diagnosis and Tests](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12119-insomnia#diagnosis-and-tests)[Management and Treatment](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12119-insomnia#management-and-treatment)[Outlook / Prognosis](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12119-insomnia#outlook-prognosis) Contents [What Is Insomnia?](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12119-insomnia#what-is-insomnia)[Symptoms and Causes](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12119-insomnia#symptoms-and-causes)[Diagnosis and Tests](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12119-insomnia#diagnosis-and-tests)[Management and Treatment](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12119-insomnia#management-and-treatment)[Outlook / Prognosis](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12119-insomnia#outlook-prognosis) ## What Is Insomnia? Insomnia is a [sleep disorder](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11429-sleep-disorders) that makes it hard to fall asleep or stay asleep throughout the night. For some people, insomnia is an inconvenience. For others, it can be a major disruption. It has several causes. Advertisement Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. [Policy](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/advertising) Roughly, 1 in 3 adults worldwide have insomnia symptoms. About 10% of adults have chronic (long-term) insomnia, which lasts at least three months. Your body needs quality sleep for many reasons. When you don’t sleep enough, it can cause [sleep deprivation](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23970-sleep-deprivation). This can keep you from functioning at your best. Let your healthcare provider know if you have insomnia symptoms. Treatment can help you get better rest. ## Symptoms and Causes ![Insomnia keeps you from sleeping, causing daytime disruptions of your physical and mental abilities](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/-/scassets/images/org/health/articles/12119-insomnia) Image content: This image is available to view online. View image online (https://my.clevelandclinic.org/-/scassets/images/org/health/articles/12119-insomnia) Some of the effects of insomnia become dangerous when insomnia is severe or long-lasting. ### Symptoms of insomnia Insomnia has several potential symptoms, including: - Trouble falling asleep - Waking up in the middle of the night but falling back asleep (most common) - Waking up too early without being able to fall back asleep - Feeling tired, unwell or sleepy - Delayed responses, such as reacting too slowly when you’re driving - Memory issues - Slowed thinking, confusion or trouble concentrating - Mood changes, like anxiety, depression and irritability - Issues doing work, social activities, hobbies or other routine activities ### Insomnia causes Experts don’t fully know why insomnia happens. But they think it involves many factors. Some of the factors that could cause or contribute to it include: - Family history (genetics): Sleep traits and conditions seem to run in families. - Brain differences: You may have a more active brain or brain chemistry differences that affect your ability to sleep. - Medical conditions: Temporary illnesses (like COVID-19 or injuries) and chronic conditions (like chronic pain or Parkinson’s disease) can lead to insomnia. - Hormone changes: Pregnancy and menopause can affect your sleep. - Mental health conditions: About half the people with chronic insomnia also have at least one other mental health disorder, like anxiety or depression. - Life circumstances: Stressful or difficult life circumstances may contribute to insomnia. - Life changes: Jet lag and adjusting to a new work schedule (especially shift work) can be factors. Long-term changes, like moving to a new home, can also affect sleep. - Your habits and routine: Your sleep habits can contribute to insomnia. That includes napping, what time you go to sleep, consuming caffeine and other habits. Advertisement #### Risk factors Insomnia is more likely to affect you if you: - Are a light sleeper - Drink alcohol - Don’t feel safe in your home (such as situations involving repeated violence or abuse) - Have fear or anxiety about sleep, like nocturnal panic attacks or nightmare disorder ### Complications of this condition When insomnia is severe or lasts a long time, it causes sleep deprivation. A major concern with this is daytime sleepiness. It can be dangerous if you’re driving or doing other tasks that require you to be alert and attentive. Sleep deprivation can also increase the risk of certain conditions, like: - Depression - Anxiety - High blood pressure - Heart attack - [Stroke](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/5601-stroke) - Obstructive sleep apnea - Type 2 diabetes - Obesity - Conditions that involve psychosis ## Diagnosis and Tests ### How doctors diagnose this condition A healthcare provider will ask you about your health history, sleep habits, symptoms and more. They may also recommend certain tests to rule out other conditions. These tests may include: - Sleep apnea testing - Actigraphy - Multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) #### Chronic insomnia diagnosis To receive a chronic insomnia diagnosis, your symptoms must have these characteristics: - Circumstances: There are no circumstances that interfere with your ability to sleep (like changes in work schedule or life events). - Frequency: You have it at least three times per week. - Duration: It lasts for at least three months. - Explanation: Insomnia isn’t happening because of substances, medications or other sleep disorders. Physical or mental health disorders also can’t fully explain why you’re not sleeping. ## Management and Treatment Video content: This video is available to watch online. View video online (https://cdnapisec.kaltura.com/p/2207941/sp/220794100/playManifest/entryId/1\_chhlxkvp/flavorId/1\_5f3sgelj/format/url/protocol/https/a.mp4) Sleep specialist Nancy Foldvary-Schaefer, DO, explains insomnia and the many ways it can be treated. Sleep specialist Nancy Foldvary-Schaefer, DO, explains insomnia and the many ways it can be treated. ### How is it treated? The main treatment approaches for insomnia include: - Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) - Medications ([sleeping pills](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/15308-sleeping-pills)) In general, your healthcare provider is the best person to tell you about your options and what they recommend. They can also explain possible side effects of medications. #### Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) [Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I)](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/cognitive-behavioral-therapy-insomnia) is the first-line treatment for insomnia. The purpose of CBT-I is to identify behaviors, thoughts, beliefs and emotions that may be keeping insomnia going. A healthcare professional then finds strategies that will help address these issues. It typically involves six to eight sessions. It may be individual or group therapy. CBT-I can be led by psychologists who specialize in behavioral sleep medicine, therapists or other medical professionals. Examples of strategies that may be part of CBT-I include: - Sleep restriction therapy (SRT): SRT addresses the mismatch between your sleep ability (how much you actually sleep) and your sleep opportunity (how much time you spend in bed). - Stimulus control therapy: You do activities that are associated with sleep (like lying down when sleepy) and avoid ones that aren’t (like watching TV). Other recommendations include getting up at the same time every day and avoiding napping. - [Sleep hygiene](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/sleep-hygiene): Your therapist will walk you through how to improve your sleep hygiene. For example, you should avoid caffeine and alcohol use before bedtime and create a comfortable sleeping environment. - Cognitive therapy: Addressing negative thoughts, beliefs or emotions that are related to sleep or the effects of insomnia. Advertisement #### Medications Many types of medications can help you fall or stay asleep. Medications that treat insomnia may not help everyone. Some medications can interact with others, and your overall health plays a role, too. Certain herbs or supplements can help treat insomnia. But it’s best not to assume that an herb or supplement is automatically safe for you. Talk to a provider before taking them. That helps you avoid possible side effects or interactions. Examples of insomnia medications include: - Benzodiazepines - “Z-drugs” - Dual orexin receptor antagonists (DORAs) - Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) - [Melatonin](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/melatonin-how-much-should-i-take-for-a-good-nights-rest) and related drugs ### When should I see my healthcare provider? See your healthcare provider if treatment isn’t helping with your insomnia symptoms. Reach out to them if your symptoms get worse or if you have medication side effects. Care at Cleveland Clinic [Insomnia Treatment](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/insomnia-treatment) [Find a Doctor and Specialists](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/insomnia-treatment#featured-provider-panel) [Make an Appointment](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/webappointment) ## Outlook / Prognosis ### What can I expect if I have this condition? Occasional insomnia usually isn’t a major concern. You may feel tired or not your best the next day. Chronic insomnia is disruptive. Without treatment, it can lead to certain health problems. And it can greatly affect your quality of life. ### A note from Cleveland Clinic Ever wish you could just push a button to fall asleep — and stay asleep? Maybe it’s time to talk to your healthcare provider. Insomnia can take a big toll on your mind and physical health. But there’s hope. Behavioral interventions and medications can help you get the quality sleep you need. 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Last updated on 01/06/2026. ### References Cleveland Clinic’s health articles are based on evidence-backed information and review by medical professionals to ensure accuracy, reliability and up-to-date clinical standards. - Allen RM, Pavlova M. Neuropsychiatry of Sleep and Sleep Disorders. In: Silbersweig DA, Safar LT, Daffner KR, eds. Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Neurology: Principles and Practice. McGraw-Hill; 2021. Accessed 1/6/2026. - McNamara S, Spurling BC, Bollu PC. Chronic Insomnia (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526136/). 2025 Mar 28. In: StatPearls \[Internet\]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2026 Jan. Accessed 1/6/2026. - Momin RR, Aslam SP, Ketvertis K. Short-Term Insomnia (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554516/). 2025 Apr 22. In: StatPearls \[Internet\]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2026 Jan. Accessed 1/6/2026. - Scammell TE, Saper CB, Czeisler CA. Sleep Disorders. In: Loscalzo J, Fauci A, Kasper D, Hauser S, Longo D, Jameson J. eds. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 21 ed. McGraw-Hill; 2022. - Sleep-Wake Disorders. In: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (text revision). American Psychiatric Association; 2022. - Walker J, Muench A, Perlis ML, Vargas I. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I): A Primer (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10002474/). Klin Spec Psihol. 2022 Mar;11(2):123-137. Accessed 1/6/2026. ### Care at Cleveland Clinic Insomnia makes it hard to get the restful sleep you need to function well the next day. 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Readable Markdown	Video content: This video is available to watch online. View video online (https://cdnapisec.kaltura.com/p/2207941/sp/220794100/playManifest/entryId/1\_chhlxkvp/flavorId/1\_5f3sgelj/format/url/protocol/https/a.mp4) Sleep specialist Nancy Foldvary-Schaefer, DO, explains insomnia and the many ways it can be treated. Sleep specialist Nancy Foldvary-Schaefer, DO, explains insomnia and the many ways it can be treated. ### How is it treated? The main treatment approaches for insomnia include: - Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) - Medications ([sleeping pills](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/15308-sleeping-pills)) In general, your healthcare provider is the best person to tell you about your options and what they recommend. They can also explain possible side effects of medications. #### Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) [Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I)](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/cognitive-behavioral-therapy-insomnia) is the first-line treatment for insomnia. The purpose of CBT-I is to identify behaviors, thoughts, beliefs and emotions that may be keeping insomnia going. A healthcare professional then finds strategies that will help address these issues. It typically involves six to eight sessions. It may be individual or group therapy. CBT-I can be led by psychologists who specialize in behavioral sleep medicine, therapists or other medical professionals. Examples of strategies that may be part of CBT-I include: - Sleep restriction therapy (SRT): SRT addresses the mismatch between your sleep ability (how much you actually sleep) and your sleep opportunity (how much time you spend in bed). - Stimulus control therapy: You do activities that are associated with sleep (like lying down when sleepy) and avoid ones that aren’t (like watching TV). Other recommendations include getting up at the same time every day and avoiding napping. - [Sleep hygiene](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/sleep-hygiene): Your therapist will walk you through how to improve your sleep hygiene. For example, you should avoid caffeine and alcohol use before bedtime and create a comfortable sleeping environment. - Cognitive therapy: Addressing negative thoughts, beliefs or emotions that are related to sleep or the effects of insomnia. #### Medications Many types of medications can help you fall or stay asleep. Medications that treat insomnia may not help everyone. Some medications can interact with others, and your overall health plays a role, too. Certain herbs or supplements can help treat insomnia. But it’s best not to assume that an herb or supplement is automatically safe for you. Talk to a provider before taking them. That helps you avoid possible side effects or interactions. Examples of insomnia medications include: - Benzodiazepines - “Z-drugs” - Dual orexin receptor antagonists (DORAs) - Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) - [Melatonin](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/melatonin-how-much-should-i-take-for-a-good-nights-rest) and related drugs ### When should I see my healthcare provider? See your healthcare provider if treatment isn’t helping with your insomnia symptoms. Reach out to them if your symptoms get worse or if you have medication side effects.
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