🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 143 (from laksa067)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa143.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical, ml_categories_json AS ml_categories_json, ml_types_json AS ml_types_json, ml_intent_types_json AS ml_intent_types_json, meta_language AS meta_language, attrs_author AS attrs_author, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(attrs_publish_time), 0) AS attrs_publish_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(attrs_original_publish_time), 0) AS attrs_original_publish_time, ifNull(attrs_is_republished, 0) AS attrs_is_republished, ifNull(attrs_nr_words, 0) AS attrs_nr_words, ifNull(attrs_boilerpipe_nr_words, 0) AS attrs_boilerpipe_nr_words, ifNull(body_ext_links_number, 0) AS body_ext_links_number, ifNull(body_int_links_number, 0) AS body_int_links_number, ifNull(meta_nofollow, 0) AS meta_nofollow, ifNull(meta_noarchive, 0) AS meta_noarchive, ifNull(props_was_rendered, 0) AS props_was_rendered, ifNull(src_redirect, \'\') AS src_redirect, ifNull(download_time_msec, 0) AS download_time_msec, ifNull(download_ttfb_msec, 0) AS download_ttfb_msec, ifNull(download_size, 0) AS download_size FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11429-sleep-disorders\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11429-sleep-disorders\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/11429-sleep-disorders","crawl_time":1776838039,"first_indexed_time":1687354505,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"org,clevelandclinic!my,\/health\/diseases\/11429-sleep-disorders s443","src_root_hash":"9889140825964526943","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Sleep Disorders: Types, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment","meta_descriptions":["Sleep disorders are conditions that affect the quality and duration of sleep wakefulness. There are over 80 sleep disorders."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"A note from Cleveland Clinic\nSleep disorders affect your quality of life. They can disrupt your thinking, school or work performance, mental health and physical health. Common sleep disorders prevent you from getting the restful, deep sleep you need to function at your best. If you’re struggling with your sleep, don’t hesitate to see a healthcare provider. Your health and, therefore, quality of life depends on good sleep. Practice good sleep hygiene and follow your healthcare provider’s instructions to feel better sooner.\nExperts You Can Trust\nMedically Reviewed.\nLast updated on 06\/19\/2023.\nLearn more about the\nHealth Library\nand our\neditorial process\n.\nReferences\nCleveland Clinic’s health articles are based on evidence-backed information and review by medical professionals to ensure accuracy, reliability and up-to-date clinical standards.\nExperts You Can Trust\nMedically Reviewed.\nLast updated on 06\/19\/2023.\nReferences\nCleveland Clinic’s health articles are based on evidence-backed information and review by medical professionals to ensure accuracy, reliability and up-to-date clinical standards.\nAmerican Academy of Sleep Medicine.\nStudy Finds That Sleep Disorders Affect Men and Women Differently\n(https:\/\/aasm.org\/study-finds-that-sleep-disorders-affect-men-and-women-differently\/#:~:text=Working%20at%20AASM-,Study%20finds%20that%20sleep%20disorders%20affect%20men%20and%20women%20differently,night%2C%20and%20excessive%20daytime%20sleepiness)\n. Last reviewed 5\/22\/2017. Accessed 6\/19\/2023.\nAmerican Psychological Association.\nWhy Sleep Is Important\n(https:\/\/www.apa.org\/topics\/sleep\/why)\n. Last reviewed 5\/2020. Accessed 6\/19\/2023.\nAmerican Psychiatric Association. What Are Sleep Disorders? Last updated 8\/2020. Accessed 6\/19\/2023.\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.).\nSleep and Chronic Disease\n(https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/sleep\/about_sleep\/chronic_disease.html)\n. Accessed 6\/19\/2023.\nFoldvary-Schaefer N. The Cleveland Clinic Guide to Sleep Disorders. New York: Kaplan Publishing, 2009.\nKolla BP, Auger RR.\nJet Lag and Shift Work Sleep Disorders: How to Help Reset the Internal Clock\n(https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/21968474\/)\n.\nCleve Clin J Med\n. 2011;78(10):675-84. Accessed 6\/19\/2023.\nNational Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (U.S.).\nSleep Health\n(https:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/health-topics\/education-and-awareness\/sleep-health)\n. Accessed 6\/19\/2023.\nNational Library of Medicine (U.S.).\nSleep Disorders\n(https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/sleepdisorders.html)\n. Accessed 6\/19\/2023.\nNational Sleep Foundation (U.S.).\nSleep Disorders\n(https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/sleep-disorders)\n. Last reviewed 5\/16\/2022. Accessed 6\/19\/2023.\nSateia MJ.\nInternational Classification of Sleep Disorders-Third Edition: Highlights and Modifications\n(https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.14-0970)\n.\nChest\n. 2014;146(5),1387-1394. Accessed 6\/19\/2023.","attrs_markdown":"![](https:\/\/zdbb.net\/l\/Dnl1wmWs8xCCpvWNCt9Egf\/?w=16&q=75)\n\nLocations:\n\n[Abu Dhabi](https:\/\/www.clevelandclinicabudhabi.ae\/en)\\|[Canada](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/canada)\\|[Florida](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/florida)\\|[London](https:\/\/clevelandcliniclondon.uk\/)\\|[Nevada](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/locations\/nevada)\\|[Ohio](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/)\\|\n\n![Gray gradient](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/_next\/static\/media\/gray-gradient-left-16.59910877.svg?w=32&q=75)![Gray gradient](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/_next\/static\/media\/gray-gradient-right-32.dd7ce4e5.svg?w=64&q=75)\n\n[855\\.733.3712](tel:8557333712)\\|[MyChart](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/online-services\/mychart)\\|[Need Help?](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/help)\\|[Careers](https:\/\/jobs.clevelandclinic.org\/)\\|[Donate Now](https:\/\/give.ccf.org\/give\/187824#!\/donation\/checkout)\\|\n\n![Gray gradient](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/_next\/static\/media\/gray-gradient-left-16.59910877.svg?w=32&q=75)![Gray gradient](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/_next\/static\/media\/gray-gradient-right-32.dd7ce4e5.svg?w=64&q=75)\n\n[![Cleveland Clinic logo](https:\/\/assets.clevelandclinic.org\/transform\/1bc1ff31-3cbc-4976-9ddf-9bc85e0877eb\/Cleveland-Clinic-Logo-Web?w=3840&q=75)](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/)\n\n[Find a Provider](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/providers)[Locations and Directions](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/locations)[Services](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/services)[Patients and Visitors](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/patients)[Health Library](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health)\n\n- [Find a Provider](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/providers)\n- [Locations and Directions](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/locations)\n- [Services](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/services)\n- [Patients and Visitors](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/patients)\n- [Health Library](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health)\n\n[![Search](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/_next\/static\/media\/LondonGreenSearchIcon.6d7e718f.svg?w=64&q=75)](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/search)\n\nMenu\n\n[![Search](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/_next\/static\/media\/LondonGreenSearchIcon.6d7e718f.svg?w=64&q=75)](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/search)[Appointments](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/patients\/information\/access)\n\n[Home](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/)\/\n\n[Health Library](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health)\/\n\n[Diseases & Conditions](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases)\/\n\nSleep Disorders\n\nAdvertisement\n\nAdvertisement\n# Sleep Disorders\nMedically Reviewed.\n\nLast updated on 06\/19\/2023.\n\nSleep disorders are conditions that affect the quality, amount and timing of sleep you’re able to get at night. Common sleep disorders include insomnia, restless legs syndrome, narcolepsy and sleep apnea. Sleep disorders can affect your mental health and physical health. Treatment is available to help you get the rest you need.\n\nAdvertisement\n\nCleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. [Policy](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/advertising)\n\nCare at Cleveland Clinic\n\n[Schedule Sleep Testing](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/services\/schedule-sleep-testing)\n\n[Find a Doctor and Specialists](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/services\/schedule-sleep-testing#featured-provider-panel)\n\n[Make an Appointment](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/webappointment\/what-to-expect)\n\nContents\n\n[Overview](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/11429-sleep-disorders#overview)[Symptoms and Causes](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/11429-sleep-disorders#symptoms-and-causes)[Diagnosis and Tests](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/11429-sleep-disorders#diagnosis-and-tests)[Management and Treatment](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/11429-sleep-disorders#management-and-treatment)[Outlook \/ Prognosis](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/11429-sleep-disorders#outlook-prognosis)[Prevention](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/11429-sleep-disorders#prevention)[Living With](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/11429-sleep-disorders#living-with)\n\nContents\n\n[Overview](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/11429-sleep-disorders#overview)[Symptoms and Causes](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/11429-sleep-disorders#symptoms-and-causes)[Diagnosis and Tests](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/11429-sleep-disorders#diagnosis-and-tests)[Management and Treatment](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/11429-sleep-disorders#management-and-treatment)[Outlook \/ Prognosis](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/11429-sleep-disorders#outlook-prognosis)[Prevention](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/11429-sleep-disorders#prevention)[Living With](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/11429-sleep-disorders#living-with)\n\n## Overview\n### What are sleep disorders?\n[Sleep](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/body\/12148-sleep-basics) disorders are conditions that affect your ability to get the rest your body needs and maintain wakefulness. There are over 80 sleep disorders that impact:\n\nAdvertisement\n\nCleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. [Policy](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/advertising)\n\n- How well you sleep (quality)\n- When you fall asleep and if you can stay asleep (timing)\n- How much sleep and wakefulness you get (quantity or duration)\n\nEveryone can experience problems with sleep from time to time. But you might have a sleep disorder if:\n\n- You regularly have trouble sleeping.\n- You feel tired during the day even though you slept for at least seven hours the night before.\n- It becomes difficult to perform regular daytime activities.\n### What are the major categories of sleep disorders?\nThe categories of sleep disorders have changed many times over the years. Most recently, the *International Classification of Sleep Disorders* (*ICSD*) categorized sleep disorders based on the symptoms, how they affect a person (pathophysiology) and the body system it affects. The brand-new revision to the third edition, *ICSD-3R* includes the following categories:\n\n- [**Insomnia**](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/12119-insomnia): You have difficulty falling and staying asleep.\n- **Sleep-related breathing disorders**: Your breathing changes while you sleep.\n- **Central disorders of hypersomnolence**: You have trouble feeling alert during the day.\n- [**Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders**](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/12115-circadian-rhythm-disorders): Your internal clock makes it difficult to fall asleep and wake up on time.\n- [**Parasomnias**](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/12133-parasomnias--disruptive-sleep-disorders): Physical actions or verbal expressions happen during sleep like [walking](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/14292-sleepwalking), talking or eating.\n- **Sleep-related movement disorders**: Physical movements or the urge to move makes it difficult to fall asleep and\/or stay asleep.\n\nAdvertisement\n\nThe *ICSD* updates regularly to include the most recent information about sleep disorders and the types that fall under these categories.\n\n#### What are the types of sleep disorders?\nThere are over 80 different types of sleep disorders. The most common include:\n\n- **Chronic insomnia**: You have trouble falling asleep or staying asleep most nights for at least three months and feel tired or irritable as a result.\n- **Obstructive [sleep apnea](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/8718-sleep-apnea)**: You snore and have moments during sleep when you stop breathing that disrupt your sleep.\n- [**Restless legs syndrome**](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/9497-restless-legs-syndrome): You have the urge to move your legs when you rest.\n- [**Narcolepsy**](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/12147-narcolepsy): You can’t regulate when you fall asleep or how long you stay awake.\n- [**Shift work sleep disorder**](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/12146-shift-work-sleep-disorder): You have trouble falling asleep and staying asleep and feel sleepiness at unwanted times due to your work schedule.\n- [**Delayed sleep phase syndrome**](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/14295-delayed-sleep-phase-syndrome-dsps): You fall asleep at least two hours after your desired bedtime and have difficulty waking up in time for school or work.\n- [**REM sleep behavior disorder**](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/24465-rem-sleep-behavior-disorder-rbd): You act out your dreams while in the rapid eye movement (REM) stage of sleep.\n### How much sleep do I need?\nEveryone needs sleep. It’s an essential part of what makes our bodies function. The amount of sleep you need might be more or less than others, but experts recommend adults get seven to nine hours of sleep per night. Optimal sleep time varies by age; for example, children and teenagers may need more sleep than adults.\n\n#### How common are sleep disorders?\nMore than 50 million people in the United States have a sleep disorder. In addition, more than 100 million Americans of all ages report that they don’t get an adequate amount of sleep.\n\n## Symptoms and Causes\n![Causes of sleep disorders can include an underlying condition, neurochemical imbalances and genetics](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/-\/scassets\/images\/org\/health\/articles\/11429-sleep-disorders)\n\n**Image content:** This image is available to view online.\n\nView image online (https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/-\/scassets\/images\/org\/health\/articles\/11429-sleep-disorders)\n\nThere are several possible causes of sleep disorders, all of which disrupt your sleep-wake cycle.\n\n### What are the symptoms of sleep disorders?\nSymptoms of common sleep disorders vary based on the type, but could include:\n\n- Difficulty falling asleep or it takes more than 30 minutes to fall asleep regularly.\n- Trouble staying asleep through the night or you wake up often in the middle of the night and can’t fall back asleep.\n- Snoring, gasping or choking happens during sleep.\n- Feeling like you need to move when you relax. Movement relieves this feeling.\n- Feeling like you can’t move when you wake up.\n\nDuring the daytime, you may experience additional signs and symptoms caused by a lack of adequate sleep, including:\n\n- Daytime sleepiness, taking frequent daytime naps or falling asleep while doing routine tasks\n- Behavioral changes like difficulty focusing or paying attention\n- Mood changes like irritability and trouble managing your emotions\n- Difficulty meeting deadlines or performance expectations during school or work\n- Frequent accidents or falls\n\nIf you feel like you’re not able to get a good night’s rest or have symptoms that interfere with your daytime activities, talk to a healthcare provider.\n\nAdvertisement\n\n### What causes sleep disorders?\nA disruption to your body’s cycle of sleep and daytime wakefulness causes sleep disorders. Specific things may cause this to happen, and it varies based on the type of sleep disorder you have. They may include:\n\n- A symptom of a medical condition like heart disease, [asthma](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/6424-asthma), pain or a nerve condition.\n- A symptom of a mental health condition like [depression](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/9290-depression) or [anxiety disorder](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/9536-anxiety-disorders).\n- Genetic factors (a mutation).\n- A side effect of a medication.\n- Working the night shift.\n- [Substance use](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/16652-drug-addiction-substance-use-disorder-sud) before bedtime like caffeine or alcohol.\n- Low levels of certain chemicals or minerals in the brain.\n- An unknown cause.\n#### What are the risk factors for sleep disorders?\nYou may be more at risk of sleep disorders if you:\n\n- Have an underlying health condition.\n- Experience [stress](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/11874-stress).\n- Work late shifts.\n- Have a history of sleep disorders in your biological family.\n\nResearch suggests that females are more likely to experience sleep disorders than males.\n\nIn addition, about half of all adults over the age of 65 have a type of sleep disorder.\n\n#### What happens if I don’t get enough sleep?\nIf you don’t get the proper amount or quality of sleep that your body needs, it can affect you beyond feeling tired during the daytime. A lack of adequate sleep can lead to:\n\n- Difficulty learning, remembering or making decisions\n- Personality changes like irritability\n- Lower reaction times (making accidents more likely to happen)\n\nAdvertisement\n\nSleep loss can also contribute to the development of health conditions like:\n\n- Depression\n- [Obesity](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/11209-weight-control-and-obesity)\n- [Type 2 diabetes](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/21501-type-2-diabetes)\n- [Heart disease](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/24129-heart-disease)\n- Dementia\n\nWhile rare, some sleep disorders can be life-threatening.\n\n## Diagnosis and Tests\n### How are sleep disorders diagnosed?\nA healthcare provider will diagnose a sleep disorder after a [physical exam](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diagnostics\/17366-physical-examination) to review your symptoms and testing. Tests can help your healthcare provider learn more about what’s causing your symptoms like blood tests or imaging tests.\n\nThey may ask you to keep a sleep diary. A sleep diary is a record of your sleeping habits. You’ll make note of when you go to bed, when you fall asleep and when you wake up each day. You should also make note of any naps you take during the daytime and how you feel before and after sleeping.\n\nIt helps to keep a pen and piece of paper near your bed so you don’t forget to write these items down. It can be difficult to know what time you fall asleep exactly, so you should estimate what that time is. You might choose to wear a smartwatch or a device (actigraph) that records your cycles of rest and activity. This can confirm what time you fell asleep and woke up.\n\nYour [primary care provider](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/articles\/23467-primary-care-physician) may recommend you visit a [sleep specialist](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/articles\/sleep-specialist-somnologist) who’ll perform a [sleep study](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diagnostics\/12131-sleep-study-polysomnography) (polysomnogram). A sleep study is a sleep disorder test that electronically transmits and records specific body and brain activities while you sleep. A healthcare provider will analyze the sleep study data to determine whether or not you have a sleep disorder.\n\nAdvertisement\n\n#### What questions will my healthcare provider ask me during an exam for sleep disorders?\nTo learn more about concerns you have about your sleep patterns, a healthcare provider may ask the following questions during an exam:\n\n- How many hours do you sleep at night?\n- Do you toss and turn in your sleep?\n- Do you take naps?\n- How long does it take you to fall asleep?\n- Do you wake up in the middle of the night?\n- Do you work the night shift?\n- How sleepy do you feel during the day?\n- Do you snore?\n#### Do I need to see a sleep specialist?\nYour healthcare provider may refer you to a sleep specialist if they suspect you have a sleep disorder. A sleep specialist is a highly trained healthcare provider who specializes in how sleep affects your body.\n\n## Management and Treatment\n### How are sleep disorders treated?\nThere are several types of treatment options available for various sleep disorders, which could include:\n\n- Changing your sleeping routine to promote a regular sleep schedule and proper sleep hygiene.\n- Undergoing [cognitive behavioral therapy](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/treatments\/21208-cognitive-behavioral-therapy-cbt).\n- Taking medications (like [sleeping pills](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/treatments\/15308-sleeping-pills) or alerting agents) or supplements (like [melatonin](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/articles\/23411-melatonin)).\n- Changing medications or dosages that cause excessive sleepiness (don’t stop taking a medication unless your healthcare provider approves it).\n- Using a [CPAP](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/treatments\/22043-cpap-machine) (continuous positive airway pressure) machine or having a neurostimulator implanted to control sleep apnea.\n- Using [light therapy](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/treatments\/24385-phototherapy-light-therapy).\n\nYour healthcare provider will recommend treatments based on your situation. They’ll also discuss any side effects to look out for before you begin treatment.\n\n#### What medications treat sleep disorders?\nYour healthcare provider may recommend some of the following medications and supplements to treat common sleep disorders:\n\n- **Insomnia**: Sleep aids, including melatonin, [zolpidem](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/drugs\/20871-zolpidem-tablets), [zaleplon](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/drugs\/19433-zaleplon-capsules), [eszopiclone](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/drugs\/19753-eszopiclone-tablets), [ramelteon](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/drugs\/19336-ramelteon-tablets), [suvorexant](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/drugs\/19430-suvorexant-tablets), [lemborexant](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/drugs\/21431-lemborexant-oral-tablets) or [doxepin](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/drugs\/18320-doxepin-tablets)\n- **Restless legs syndrome**: Medication like [gabapentin](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/drugs\/21561-gabapentin), [gabapentin enacarbil](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/drugs\/19794-gabapentin-enacarbil-extended-release-tablets) or [pregabalin](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/drugs\/21432-pregabalin-extended-release-tablets)\n- **Narcolepsy**: Stimulants or wake-promoting medications, such as [modafinil](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/drugs\/17998-modafinil-tablets), [armodafinil](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/drugs\/20424-armodafinil-tablets), [pitolisant](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/drugs\/21228-pitolisant-oral-tablets), mixed salt or sodium oxybate, and [solriamfetol](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/drugs\/21270-solriamfetol-oral-tablets)\n#### How do I get better sleep?\nA healthcare provider may recommend you make changes to your sleep hygiene so you can sleep better. Sleep hygiene includes making changes to your sleeping routine to create an optimal sleeping environment. You can get better sleep by:\n\n- **Creating a comfortable sleep environment**: Make sure your bedroom is cool, quiet and dark. If noise keeps you awake, try using background sounds like “white noise” or earplugs. If light interferes with your sleep, try a sleep mask or blackout curtains.\n- **Minimizing stress**: Try to reduce how much stress you feel before going to bed. You may choose to write things down like making a to-do list earlier in the evening. This is helpful if you tend to worry and think too much in bed at night. It also helps to stay positive rather than going to bed with a negative mindset, such as, “If I don't get enough sleep tonight, how will I ever get through the day tomorrow?”\n- **Avoid using your bed for anything other than sleep and intimate relations**: Don’t watch television or videos on your phone, eat or work in your bedroom.\n- **Establishing a regular bedtime routine**: Each night, create habits before you go to bed like taking a warm bath, listening to soothing music or reading. Try relaxation exercises or meditation. Wake up at the same time each morning, including days off and vacations.\n- **Not watching the clock**: Turn the clock around or turn your phone screen-side down and use only the alarm for waking up. Leave your bedroom if you can’t fall asleep in 20 minutes. Read or engage in a relaxing activity in another room that doesn’t involve screen time\n- **Exercising regularly**: Exercising is great to promote positive sleep, but don’t exercise within four hours of bedtime if you have trouble sleeping. Avoid strenuous exercises before you sleep.\n\nCare at Cleveland Clinic\n\n[Schedule Sleep Testing](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/services\/schedule-sleep-testing)\n\n[Find a Doctor and Specialists](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/services\/schedule-sleep-testing#featured-provider-panel)\n\n[Make an Appointment](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/webappointment\/what-to-expect)\n\n## Outlook \/ Prognosis\n### What can I expect if I have a sleep disorder?\nSleep disorders can affect your overall health. You may not have the energy to do the things you want to do or even complete your daily routine. You may miss out on special moments or events because your sleep disorder prevents you from being fully present. In addition, you may put yourself and others at risk, especially if you drive or operate heavy machinery and aren’t getting the rest you need to stay safe.\n\nIf you’re struggling to get quality sleep where you wake up feeling refreshed, talk to a healthcare provider. Treatment is available to manage many sleep disorders and get you back to wellness.\n\n#### How long do sleep disorders last?\nThere isn’t a specific time limit as to when a sleep disorder will stop affecting you. You may be able to find a treatment that makes you feel better within weeks to months. Others may need to manage the condition throughout their lifetime. Talk to your healthcare provider about your specific outlook.\n\n## Prevention\n### Can sleep disorders be prevented?\nYou can’t prevent all types of sleep disorders, but you can reduce your risk by practicing good sleeping habits (sleep hygiene).\n\n#### What should I avoid to get better sleep?\nYou should avoid the following three to four hours before bedtime if you want to improve your sleep:\n\n- Caffeinated drinks such as soda, tea and coffee\n- Tobacco\n- Alcohol\n- Naps after 3 p.m.\n- Chocolate\n- Heavy meals\n\n## Living With\n### When should I see a healthcare provider?\nTalk to a healthcare provider if you’re having trouble with sleep and wakefulness. This could be falling asleep, staying asleep or awake, getting restful sleep or unexplained daytime sleepiness or tiredness.\n\n### What questions should I ask my healthcare provider?\n- What kind of sleep disorder do I have?\n- How severe is my sleep disorder?\n- What type of treatment do you recommend?\n- Are there side effects of the treatment?\n- How can I improve my sleep hygiene?\n- Should I see a sleep specialist?\n- Do I need a referral to see a specialist?\n- Do you recommend any medications to help with my sleep disorder?\n- How often should I return to see you?\n- Are there medicines I should stop taking?\n### A note from Cleveland Clinic\nSleep disorders affect your quality of life. They can disrupt your thinking, school or work performance, mental health and physical health. Common sleep disorders prevent you from getting the restful, deep sleep you need to function at your best. If you’re struggling with your sleep, don’t hesitate to see a healthcare provider. Your health and, therefore, quality of life depends on good sleep. Practice good sleep hygiene and follow your healthcare provider’s instructions to feel better sooner.\n\n[![Cleveland Clinic logo](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/_next\/static\/media\/logo-ccf.1e52a22b.svg?w=3840&q=75)](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/)[![Cleveland Clinic icon](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/_next\/static\/media\/CCFLogo.000428c6.svg?w=3840&q=75)](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/)\n\n[![Health Essentials logo](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/_next\/static\/media\/HealthEssentials.b811bb06.svg?w=3840&q=75)](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/)\n\n![Subscription icon](https:\/\/assets.clevelandclinic.org\/transform\/482db8cd-aa1e-45b5-a2a4-cf6aa5e5d2d4\/Health-Essentials?w=256&q=75)\n\n## Better health starts here\nSign up for our Health Essentials emails for expert guidance on nutrition, fitness, sleep, skin care and more.\n\n[Example email](https:\/\/assets.clevelandclinic.org\/transform\/2ff943a2-abb1-4a1c-8ede-f8848703e789\/HealthEssentials-SampleEmail-2026)[Sign up](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health-essentials-sign-up)\n\n[Sign up](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health-essentials-sign-up)[Example email](https:\/\/assets.clevelandclinic.org\/transform\/2ff943a2-abb1-4a1c-8ede-f8848703e789\/HealthEssentials-SampleEmail-2026)\n\n### Experts You Can Trust\nMedically Reviewed.\n\nLast updated on 06\/19\/2023.\n\nLearn more about the [Health Library](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/about) and our [editorial process](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/about\/website\/editorial-policy).\n\n### References\nCleveland Clinic’s health articles are based on evidence-backed information and review by medical professionals to ensure accuracy, reliability and up-to-date clinical standards.\n#### View Sources\n\n### Experts You Can Trust\nMedically Reviewed.\n\nLast updated on 06\/19\/2023.\n\n### References\nCleveland Clinic’s health articles are based on evidence-backed information and review by medical professionals to ensure accuracy, reliability and up-to-date clinical standards.\n\n- American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Study Finds That Sleep Disorders Affect Men and Women Differently *(https:\/\/aasm.org\/study-finds-that-sleep-disorders-affect-men-and-women-differently\/\\#:~:text=Working%20at%20AASM-,Study%20finds%20that%20sleep%20disorders%20affect%20men%20and%20women%20differently,night%2C%20and%20excessive%20daytime%20sleepiness)*. Last reviewed 5\/22\/2017. Accessed 6\/19\/2023.\n- American Psychological Association. Why Sleep Is Important *(https:\/\/www.apa.org\/topics\/sleep\/why)*. Last reviewed 5\/2020. Accessed 6\/19\/2023.\n- American Psychiatric Association. What Are Sleep Disorders? Last updated 8\/2020. Accessed 6\/19\/2023.\n- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.). Sleep and Chronic Disease *(https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/sleep\/about\\_sleep\/chronic\\_disease.html)*. Accessed 6\/19\/2023.\n- Foldvary-Schaefer N. The Cleveland Clinic Guide to Sleep Disorders. New York: Kaplan Publishing, 2009.\n- Kolla BP, Auger RR. Jet Lag and Shift Work Sleep Disorders: How to Help Reset the Internal Clock *(https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/21968474\/)*. *Cleve Clin J Med*. 2011;78(10):675-84. Accessed 6\/19\/2023.\n- National Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (U.S.). Sleep Health *(https:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/health-topics\/education-and-awareness\/sleep-health)*. Accessed 6\/19\/2023.\n- National Library of Medicine (U.S.). Sleep Disorders *(https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/sleepdisorders.html)*. Accessed 6\/19\/2023.\n- National Sleep Foundation (U.S.). Sleep Disorders *(https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/sleep-disorders)*. Last reviewed 5\/16\/2022. Accessed 6\/19\/2023.\n- Sateia MJ. International Classification of Sleep Disorders-Third Edition: Highlights and Modifications *(https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.14-0970)*. *Chest*. 2014;146(5),1387-1394. Accessed 6\/19\/2023.\n\n### Care at Cleveland Clinic\nWhen sleep disruptions, snoring, abnormal behaviors during sleep or being tired all day gets to be too much, sleep testing at Cleveland Clinic can provide answers.\n\n![Doctor examining patient undergoing a sleep study](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/-\/scassets\/images\/org\/care-pages\/neuro\/sleep-testing-feature.jpg?w=640&q=75)\n\n[Schedule Sleep Testing](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/services\/schedule-sleep-testing)\n\n[Find a Doctor and Specialists](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/services\/schedule-sleep-testing#featured-provider-panel)\n\n[Make an Appointment](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/webappointment\/what-to-expect)\n\nAdvertisement\n\nAdvertisement\n\nAd\n\nAppointments [866\\.588.2264](tel:8665882264)\n\n[Appointments & Locations](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/departments\/neurological\/appointments)\n\n[Request an Appointment](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/webappointment\/what-to-expect)\n\n[Find a ProviderNeed a primary care doctor or a specialist? 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All Rights Reserved.","attrs_readable_markdown":"### A note from Cleveland Clinic\nSleep disorders affect your quality of life. They can disrupt your thinking, school or work performance, mental health and physical health. Common sleep disorders prevent you from getting the restful, deep sleep you need to function at your best. If you’re struggling with your sleep, don’t hesitate to see a healthcare provider. Your health and, therefore, quality of life depends on good sleep. Practice good sleep hygiene and follow your healthcare provider’s instructions to feel better sooner.\n\n### Experts You Can Trust\nMedically Reviewed.\n\nLast updated on 06\/19\/2023.\n\nLearn more about the [Health Library](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/about) and our [editorial process](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/about\/website\/editorial-policy).\n\n### References\nCleveland Clinic’s health articles are based on evidence-backed information and review by medical professionals to ensure accuracy, reliability and up-to-date clinical standards.\n####\n\n### Experts You Can Trust\nMedically Reviewed.\n\nLast updated on 06\/19\/2023.\n\n### References\nCleveland Clinic’s health articles are based on evidence-backed information and review by medical professionals to ensure accuracy, reliability and up-to-date clinical standards.\n\n- American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Study Finds That Sleep Disorders Affect Men and Women Differently *(https:\/\/aasm.org\/study-finds-that-sleep-disorders-affect-men-and-women-differently\/\\#:~:text=Working%20at%20AASM-,Study%20finds%20that%20sleep%20disorders%20affect%20men%20and%20women%20differently,night%2C%20and%20excessive%20daytime%20sleepiness)*. Last reviewed 5\/22\/2017. Accessed 6\/19\/2023.\n- American Psychological Association. Why Sleep Is Important *(https:\/\/www.apa.org\/topics\/sleep\/why)*. Last reviewed 5\/2020. Accessed 6\/19\/2023.\n- American Psychiatric Association. What Are Sleep Disorders? Last updated 8\/2020. Accessed 6\/19\/2023.\n- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.). Sleep and Chronic Disease *(https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/sleep\/about\\_sleep\/chronic\\_disease.html)*. Accessed 6\/19\/2023.\n- Foldvary-Schaefer N. The Cleveland Clinic Guide to Sleep Disorders. New York: Kaplan Publishing, 2009.\n- Kolla BP, Auger RR. Jet Lag and Shift Work Sleep Disorders: How to Help Reset the Internal Clock *(https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/21968474\/)*. *Cleve Clin J Med*. 2011;78(10):675-84. Accessed 6\/19\/2023.\n- National Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (U.S.). Sleep Health *(https:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/health-topics\/education-and-awareness\/sleep-health)*. Accessed 6\/19\/2023.\n- National Library of Medicine (U.S.). Sleep Disorders *(https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/sleepdisorders.html)*. Accessed 6\/19\/2023.\n- National Sleep Foundation (U.S.). Sleep Disorders *(https:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/sleep-disorders)*. Last reviewed 5\/16\/2022. Accessed 6\/19\/2023.\n- Sateia MJ. International Classification of Sleep Disorders-Third Edition: Highlights and Modifications *(https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.14-0970)*. *Chest*. 2014;146(5),1387-1394. 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Sleep Disorders: Types, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

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Sleep disorders are conditions that affect the quality and duration of sleep wakefulness. There are over 80 sleep disorders.

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A note from Cleveland Clinic Sleep disorders affect your quality of life. They can disrupt your thinking, school or work performance, mental health and physical health. Common sleep disorders prevent you from getting the restful, deep sleep you need to function at your best. If you’re struggling with your sleep, don’t hesitate to see a healthcare provider. Your health and, therefore, quality of life depends on good sleep. Practice good sleep hygiene and follow your healthcare provider’s instructions to feel better sooner. Experts You Can Trust Medically Reviewed. Last updated on 06/19/2023. Learn more about the Health Library and our editorial process . References Cleveland Clinic’s health articles are based on evidence-backed information and review by medical professionals to ensure accuracy, reliability and up-to-date clinical standards. Experts You Can Trust Medically Reviewed. Last updated on 06/19/2023. References Cleveland Clinic’s health articles are based on evidence-backed information and review by medical professionals to ensure accuracy, reliability and up-to-date clinical standards. American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Study Finds That Sleep Disorders Affect Men and Women Differently (https://aasm.org/study-finds-that-sleep-disorders-affect-men-and-women-differently/#:~:text=Working%20at%20AASM-,Study%20finds%20that%20sleep%20disorders%20affect%20men%20and%20women%20differently,night%2C%20and%20excessive%20daytime%20sleepiness) . Last reviewed 5/22/2017. Accessed 6/19/2023. American Psychological Association. Why Sleep Is Important (https://www.apa.org/topics/sleep/why) . Last reviewed 5/2020. Accessed 6/19/2023. American Psychiatric Association. What Are Sleep Disorders? Last updated 8/2020. Accessed 6/19/2023. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.). Sleep and Chronic Disease (https://www.cdc.gov/sleep/about_sleep/chronic_disease.html) . Accessed 6/19/2023. Foldvary-Schaefer N. The Cleveland Clinic Guide to Sleep Disorders. New York: Kaplan Publishing, 2009. Kolla BP, Auger RR. Jet Lag and Shift Work Sleep Disorders: How to Help Reset the Internal Clock (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21968474/) . Cleve Clin J Med . 2011;78(10):675-84. Accessed 6/19/2023. National Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (U.S.). Sleep Health (https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/education-and-awareness/sleep-health) . Accessed 6/19/2023. National Library of Medicine (U.S.). Sleep Disorders (https://medlineplus.gov/sleepdisorders.html) . Accessed 6/19/2023. National Sleep Foundation (U.S.). Sleep Disorders (https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-disorders) . Last reviewed 5/16/2022. Accessed 6/19/2023. Sateia MJ. International Classification of Sleep Disorders-Third Edition: Highlights and Modifications (https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.14-0970) . Chest . 2014;146(5),1387-1394. Accessed 6/19/2023.

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Last updated on 06/19/2023. Sleep disorders are conditions that affect the quality, amount and timing of sleep you’re able to get at night. Common sleep disorders include insomnia, restless legs syndrome, narcolepsy and sleep apnea. Sleep disorders can affect your mental health and physical health. Treatment is available to help you get the rest you need. Advertisement Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. [Policy](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/advertising) Care at Cleveland Clinic [Schedule Sleep Testing](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/schedule-sleep-testing) [Find a Doctor and Specialists](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/schedule-sleep-testing#featured-provider-panel) [Make an Appointment](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/webappointment/what-to-expect) Contents [Overview](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11429-sleep-disorders#overview)[Symptoms and Causes](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11429-sleep-disorders#symptoms-and-causes)[Diagnosis and Tests](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11429-sleep-disorders#diagnosis-and-tests)[Management and Treatment](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11429-sleep-disorders#management-and-treatment)[Outlook / Prognosis](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11429-sleep-disorders#outlook-prognosis)[Prevention](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11429-sleep-disorders#prevention)[Living With](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11429-sleep-disorders#living-with) Contents [Overview](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11429-sleep-disorders#overview)[Symptoms and Causes](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11429-sleep-disorders#symptoms-and-causes)[Diagnosis and Tests](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11429-sleep-disorders#diagnosis-and-tests)[Management and Treatment](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11429-sleep-disorders#management-and-treatment)[Outlook / Prognosis](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11429-sleep-disorders#outlook-prognosis)[Prevention](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11429-sleep-disorders#prevention)[Living With](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11429-sleep-disorders#living-with) ## Overview ### What are sleep disorders? [Sleep](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/12148-sleep-basics) disorders are conditions that affect your ability to get the rest your body needs and maintain wakefulness. There are over 80 sleep disorders that impact: Advertisement Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. [Policy](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/advertising) - How well you sleep (quality) - When you fall asleep and if you can stay asleep (timing) - How much sleep and wakefulness you get (quantity or duration) Everyone can experience problems with sleep from time to time. But you might have a sleep disorder if: - You regularly have trouble sleeping. - You feel tired during the day even though you slept for at least seven hours the night before. - It becomes difficult to perform regular daytime activities. ### What are the major categories of sleep disorders? The categories of sleep disorders have changed many times over the years. Most recently, the *International Classification of Sleep Disorders* (*ICSD*) categorized sleep disorders based on the symptoms, how they affect a person (pathophysiology) and the body system it affects. The brand-new revision to the third edition, *ICSD-3R* includes the following categories: - [**Insomnia**](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12119-insomnia): You have difficulty falling and staying asleep. - **Sleep-related breathing disorders**: Your breathing changes while you sleep. - **Central disorders of hypersomnolence**: You have trouble feeling alert during the day. - [**Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders**](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12115-circadian-rhythm-disorders): Your internal clock makes it difficult to fall asleep and wake up on time. - [**Parasomnias**](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12133-parasomnias--disruptive-sleep-disorders): Physical actions or verbal expressions happen during sleep like [walking](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14292-sleepwalking), talking or eating. - **Sleep-related movement disorders**: Physical movements or the urge to move makes it difficult to fall asleep and/or stay asleep. Advertisement The *ICSD* updates regularly to include the most recent information about sleep disorders and the types that fall under these categories. #### What are the types of sleep disorders? There are over 80 different types of sleep disorders. The most common include: - **Chronic insomnia**: You have trouble falling asleep or staying asleep most nights for at least three months and feel tired or irritable as a result. - **Obstructive [sleep apnea](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8718-sleep-apnea)**: You snore and have moments during sleep when you stop breathing that disrupt your sleep. - [**Restless legs syndrome**](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9497-restless-legs-syndrome): You have the urge to move your legs when you rest. - [**Narcolepsy**](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12147-narcolepsy): You can’t regulate when you fall asleep or how long you stay awake. - [**Shift work sleep disorder**](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12146-shift-work-sleep-disorder): You have trouble falling asleep and staying asleep and feel sleepiness at unwanted times due to your work schedule. - [**Delayed sleep phase syndrome**](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14295-delayed-sleep-phase-syndrome-dsps): You fall asleep at least two hours after your desired bedtime and have difficulty waking up in time for school or work. - [**REM sleep behavior disorder**](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24465-rem-sleep-behavior-disorder-rbd): You act out your dreams while in the rapid eye movement (REM) stage of sleep. ### How much sleep do I need? Everyone needs sleep. It’s an essential part of what makes our bodies function. The amount of sleep you need might be more or less than others, but experts recommend adults get seven to nine hours of sleep per night. Optimal sleep time varies by age; for example, children and teenagers may need more sleep than adults. #### How common are sleep disorders? More than 50 million people in the United States have a sleep disorder. In addition, more than 100 million Americans of all ages report that they don’t get an adequate amount of sleep. ## Symptoms and Causes ![Causes of sleep disorders can include an underlying condition, neurochemical imbalances and genetics](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/-/scassets/images/org/health/articles/11429-sleep-disorders) **Image content:** This image is available to view online. View image online (https://my.clevelandclinic.org/-/scassets/images/org/health/articles/11429-sleep-disorders) There are several possible causes of sleep disorders, all of which disrupt your sleep-wake cycle. ### What are the symptoms of sleep disorders? Symptoms of common sleep disorders vary based on the type, but could include: - Difficulty falling asleep or it takes more than 30 minutes to fall asleep regularly. - Trouble staying asleep through the night or you wake up often in the middle of the night and can’t fall back asleep. - Snoring, gasping or choking happens during sleep. - Feeling like you need to move when you relax. Movement relieves this feeling. - Feeling like you can’t move when you wake up. During the daytime, you may experience additional signs and symptoms caused by a lack of adequate sleep, including: - Daytime sleepiness, taking frequent daytime naps or falling asleep while doing routine tasks - Behavioral changes like difficulty focusing or paying attention - Mood changes like irritability and trouble managing your emotions - Difficulty meeting deadlines or performance expectations during school or work - Frequent accidents or falls If you feel like you’re not able to get a good night’s rest or have symptoms that interfere with your daytime activities, talk to a healthcare provider. Advertisement ### What causes sleep disorders? A disruption to your body’s cycle of sleep and daytime wakefulness causes sleep disorders. Specific things may cause this to happen, and it varies based on the type of sleep disorder you have. They may include: - A symptom of a medical condition like heart disease, [asthma](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/6424-asthma), pain or a nerve condition. - A symptom of a mental health condition like [depression](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9290-depression) or [anxiety disorder](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9536-anxiety-disorders). - Genetic factors (a mutation). - A side effect of a medication. - Working the night shift. - [Substance use](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16652-drug-addiction-substance-use-disorder-sud) before bedtime like caffeine or alcohol. - Low levels of certain chemicals or minerals in the brain. - An unknown cause. #### What are the risk factors for sleep disorders? You may be more at risk of sleep disorders if you: - Have an underlying health condition. - Experience [stress](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11874-stress). - Work late shifts. - Have a history of sleep disorders in your biological family. Research suggests that females are more likely to experience sleep disorders than males. In addition, about half of all adults over the age of 65 have a type of sleep disorder. #### What happens if I don’t get enough sleep? If you don’t get the proper amount or quality of sleep that your body needs, it can affect you beyond feeling tired during the daytime. A lack of adequate sleep can lead to: - Difficulty learning, remembering or making decisions - Personality changes like irritability - Lower reaction times (making accidents more likely to happen) Advertisement Sleep loss can also contribute to the development of health conditions like: - Depression - [Obesity](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11209-weight-control-and-obesity) - [Type 2 diabetes](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21501-type-2-diabetes) - [Heart disease](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24129-heart-disease) - Dementia While rare, some sleep disorders can be life-threatening. ## Diagnosis and Tests ### How are sleep disorders diagnosed? A healthcare provider will diagnose a sleep disorder after a [physical exam](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/17366-physical-examination) to review your symptoms and testing. Tests can help your healthcare provider learn more about what’s causing your symptoms like blood tests or imaging tests. They may ask you to keep a sleep diary. A sleep diary is a record of your sleeping habits. You’ll make note of when you go to bed, when you fall asleep and when you wake up each day. You should also make note of any naps you take during the daytime and how you feel before and after sleeping. It helps to keep a pen and piece of paper near your bed so you don’t forget to write these items down. It can be difficult to know what time you fall asleep exactly, so you should estimate what that time is. You might choose to wear a smartwatch or a device (actigraph) that records your cycles of rest and activity. This can confirm what time you fell asleep and woke up. Your [primary care provider](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/23467-primary-care-physician) may recommend you visit a [sleep specialist](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/sleep-specialist-somnologist) who’ll perform a [sleep study](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/12131-sleep-study-polysomnography) (polysomnogram). A sleep study is a sleep disorder test that electronically transmits and records specific body and brain activities while you sleep. A healthcare provider will analyze the sleep study data to determine whether or not you have a sleep disorder. Advertisement #### What questions will my healthcare provider ask me during an exam for sleep disorders? To learn more about concerns you have about your sleep patterns, a healthcare provider may ask the following questions during an exam: - How many hours do you sleep at night? - Do you toss and turn in your sleep? - Do you take naps? - How long does it take you to fall asleep? - Do you wake up in the middle of the night? - Do you work the night shift? - How sleepy do you feel during the day? - Do you snore? #### Do I need to see a sleep specialist? Your healthcare provider may refer you to a sleep specialist if they suspect you have a sleep disorder. A sleep specialist is a highly trained healthcare provider who specializes in how sleep affects your body. ## Management and Treatment ### How are sleep disorders treated? There are several types of treatment options available for various sleep disorders, which could include: - Changing your sleeping routine to promote a regular sleep schedule and proper sleep hygiene. - Undergoing [cognitive behavioral therapy](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/21208-cognitive-behavioral-therapy-cbt). - Taking medications (like [sleeping pills](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/15308-sleeping-pills) or alerting agents) or supplements (like [melatonin](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/23411-melatonin)). - Changing medications or dosages that cause excessive sleepiness (don’t stop taking a medication unless your healthcare provider approves it). - Using a [CPAP](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/22043-cpap-machine) (continuous positive airway pressure) machine or having a neurostimulator implanted to control sleep apnea. - Using [light therapy](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/24385-phototherapy-light-therapy). Your healthcare provider will recommend treatments based on your situation. They’ll also discuss any side effects to look out for before you begin treatment. #### What medications treat sleep disorders? Your healthcare provider may recommend some of the following medications and supplements to treat common sleep disorders: - **Insomnia**: Sleep aids, including melatonin, [zolpidem](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/drugs/20871-zolpidem-tablets), [zaleplon](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/drugs/19433-zaleplon-capsules), [eszopiclone](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/drugs/19753-eszopiclone-tablets), [ramelteon](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/drugs/19336-ramelteon-tablets), [suvorexant](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/drugs/19430-suvorexant-tablets), [lemborexant](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/drugs/21431-lemborexant-oral-tablets) or [doxepin](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/drugs/18320-doxepin-tablets) - **Restless legs syndrome**: Medication like [gabapentin](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/drugs/21561-gabapentin), [gabapentin enacarbil](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/drugs/19794-gabapentin-enacarbil-extended-release-tablets) or [pregabalin](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/drugs/21432-pregabalin-extended-release-tablets) - **Narcolepsy**: Stimulants or wake-promoting medications, such as [modafinil](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/drugs/17998-modafinil-tablets), [armodafinil](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/drugs/20424-armodafinil-tablets), [pitolisant](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/drugs/21228-pitolisant-oral-tablets), mixed salt or sodium oxybate, and [solriamfetol](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/drugs/21270-solriamfetol-oral-tablets) #### How do I get better sleep? A healthcare provider may recommend you make changes to your sleep hygiene so you can sleep better. Sleep hygiene includes making changes to your sleeping routine to create an optimal sleeping environment. You can get better sleep by: - **Creating a comfortable sleep environment**: Make sure your bedroom is cool, quiet and dark. If noise keeps you awake, try using background sounds like “white noise” or earplugs. If light interferes with your sleep, try a sleep mask or blackout curtains. - **Minimizing stress**: Try to reduce how much stress you feel before going to bed. You may choose to write things down like making a to-do list earlier in the evening. This is helpful if you tend to worry and think too much in bed at night. It also helps to stay positive rather than going to bed with a negative mindset, such as, “If I don't get enough sleep tonight, how will I ever get through the day tomorrow?” - **Avoid using your bed for anything other than sleep and intimate relations**: Don’t watch television or videos on your phone, eat or work in your bedroom. - **Establishing a regular bedtime routine**: Each night, create habits before you go to bed like taking a warm bath, listening to soothing music or reading. Try relaxation exercises or meditation. Wake up at the same time each morning, including days off and vacations. - **Not watching the clock**: Turn the clock around or turn your phone screen-side down and use only the alarm for waking up. Leave your bedroom if you can’t fall asleep in 20 minutes. Read or engage in a relaxing activity in another room that doesn’t involve screen time - **Exercising regularly**: Exercising is great to promote positive sleep, but don’t exercise within four hours of bedtime if you have trouble sleeping. Avoid strenuous exercises before you sleep. Care at Cleveland Clinic [Schedule Sleep Testing](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/schedule-sleep-testing) [Find a Doctor and Specialists](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/schedule-sleep-testing#featured-provider-panel) [Make an Appointment](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/webappointment/what-to-expect) ## Outlook / Prognosis ### What can I expect if I have a sleep disorder? Sleep disorders can affect your overall health. You may not have the energy to do the things you want to do or even complete your daily routine. You may miss out on special moments or events because your sleep disorder prevents you from being fully present. In addition, you may put yourself and others at risk, especially if you drive or operate heavy machinery and aren’t getting the rest you need to stay safe. If you’re struggling to get quality sleep where you wake up feeling refreshed, talk to a healthcare provider. Treatment is available to manage many sleep disorders and get you back to wellness. #### How long do sleep disorders last? There isn’t a specific time limit as to when a sleep disorder will stop affecting you. You may be able to find a treatment that makes you feel better within weeks to months. Others may need to manage the condition throughout their lifetime. Talk to your healthcare provider about your specific outlook. ## Prevention ### Can sleep disorders be prevented? You can’t prevent all types of sleep disorders, but you can reduce your risk by practicing good sleeping habits (sleep hygiene). #### What should I avoid to get better sleep? You should avoid the following three to four hours before bedtime if you want to improve your sleep: - Caffeinated drinks such as soda, tea and coffee - Tobacco - Alcohol - Naps after 3 p.m. - Chocolate - Heavy meals ## Living With ### When should I see a healthcare provider? Talk to a healthcare provider if you’re having trouble with sleep and wakefulness. This could be falling asleep, staying asleep or awake, getting restful sleep or unexplained daytime sleepiness or tiredness. ### What questions should I ask my healthcare provider? - What kind of sleep disorder do I have? - How severe is my sleep disorder? - What type of treatment do you recommend? - Are there side effects of the treatment? - How can I improve my sleep hygiene? - Should I see a sleep specialist? - Do I need a referral to see a specialist? - Do you recommend any medications to help with my sleep disorder? - How often should I return to see you? - Are there medicines I should stop taking? ### A note from Cleveland Clinic Sleep disorders affect your quality of life. They can disrupt your thinking, school or work performance, mental health and physical health. Common sleep disorders prevent you from getting the restful, deep sleep you need to function at your best. If you’re struggling with your sleep, don’t hesitate to see a healthcare provider. Your health and, therefore, quality of life depends on good sleep. Practice good sleep hygiene and follow your healthcare provider’s instructions to feel better sooner. [![Cleveland Clinic logo](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/_next/static/media/logo-ccf.1e52a22b.svg?w=3840&q=75)](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/)[![Cleveland Clinic icon](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/_next/static/media/CCFLogo.000428c6.svg?w=3840&q=75)](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/) [![Health Essentials logo](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/_next/static/media/HealthEssentials.b811bb06.svg?w=3840&q=75)](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/) ![Subscription icon](https://assets.clevelandclinic.org/transform/482db8cd-aa1e-45b5-a2a4-cf6aa5e5d2d4/Health-Essentials?w=256&q=75) ## Better health starts here Sign up for our Health Essentials emails for expert guidance on nutrition, fitness, sleep, skin care and more. 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Last updated on 06/19/2023. ### References Cleveland Clinic’s health articles are based on evidence-backed information and review by medical professionals to ensure accuracy, reliability and up-to-date clinical standards. - American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Study Finds That Sleep Disorders Affect Men and Women Differently *(https://aasm.org/study-finds-that-sleep-disorders-affect-men-and-women-differently/\#:~:text=Working%20at%20AASM-,Study%20finds%20that%20sleep%20disorders%20affect%20men%20and%20women%20differently,night%2C%20and%20excessive%20daytime%20sleepiness)*. Last reviewed 5/22/2017. Accessed 6/19/2023. - American Psychological Association. Why Sleep Is Important *(https://www.apa.org/topics/sleep/why)*. Last reviewed 5/2020. Accessed 6/19/2023. - American Psychiatric Association. What Are Sleep Disorders? Last updated 8/2020. Accessed 6/19/2023. - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.). Sleep and Chronic Disease *(https://www.cdc.gov/sleep/about\_sleep/chronic\_disease.html)*. Accessed 6/19/2023. - Foldvary-Schaefer N. The Cleveland Clinic Guide to Sleep Disorders. New York: Kaplan Publishing, 2009. - Kolla BP, Auger RR. Jet Lag and Shift Work Sleep Disorders: How to Help Reset the Internal Clock *(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21968474/)*. *Cleve Clin J Med*. 2011;78(10):675-84. Accessed 6/19/2023. - National Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (U.S.). Sleep Health *(https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/education-and-awareness/sleep-health)*. Accessed 6/19/2023. - National Library of Medicine (U.S.). Sleep Disorders *(https://medlineplus.gov/sleepdisorders.html)*. Accessed 6/19/2023. - National Sleep Foundation (U.S.). Sleep Disorders *(https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-disorders)*. Last reviewed 5/16/2022. Accessed 6/19/2023. - Sateia MJ. International Classification of Sleep Disorders-Third Edition: Highlights and Modifications *(https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.14-0970)*. *Chest*. 2014;146(5),1387-1394. Accessed 6/19/2023. ### Care at Cleveland Clinic When sleep disruptions, snoring, abnormal behaviors during sleep or being tired all day gets to be too much, sleep testing at Cleveland Clinic can provide answers. ![Doctor examining patient undergoing a sleep study](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/-/scassets/images/org/care-pages/neuro/sleep-testing-feature.jpg?w=640&q=75) [Schedule Sleep Testing](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/schedule-sleep-testing) [Find a Doctor and Specialists](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/schedule-sleep-testing#featured-provider-panel) [Make an Appointment](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/webappointment/what-to-expect) Advertisement Advertisement Ad Appointments [866\.588.2264](tel:8665882264) [Appointments & Locations](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/departments/neurological/appointments) [Request an Appointment](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/webappointment/what-to-expect) [Find a ProviderNeed a primary care doctor or a specialist? 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Readable Markdown

### A note from Cleveland Clinic Sleep disorders affect your quality of life. They can disrupt your thinking, school or work performance, mental health and physical health. Common sleep disorders prevent you from getting the restful, deep sleep you need to function at your best. If you’re struggling with your sleep, don’t hesitate to see a healthcare provider. Your health and, therefore, quality of life depends on good sleep. Practice good sleep hygiene and follow your healthcare provider’s instructions to feel better sooner. ### Experts You Can Trust Medically Reviewed. Last updated on 06/19/2023. Learn more about the [Health Library](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/about) and our [editorial process](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/about/website/editorial-policy). ### References Cleveland Clinic’s health articles are based on evidence-backed information and review by medical professionals to ensure accuracy, reliability and up-to-date clinical standards. #### ### Experts You Can Trust Medically Reviewed. Last updated on 06/19/2023. ### References Cleveland Clinic’s health articles are based on evidence-backed information and review by medical professionals to ensure accuracy, reliability and up-to-date clinical standards. - American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Study Finds That Sleep Disorders Affect Men and Women Differently *(https://aasm.org/study-finds-that-sleep-disorders-affect-men-and-women-differently/\#:~:text=Working%20at%20AASM-,Study%20finds%20that%20sleep%20disorders%20affect%20men%20and%20women%20differently,night%2C%20and%20excessive%20daytime%20sleepiness)*. Last reviewed 5/22/2017. Accessed 6/19/2023. - American Psychological Association. Why Sleep Is Important *(https://www.apa.org/topics/sleep/why)*. Last reviewed 5/2020. Accessed 6/19/2023. - American Psychiatric Association. What Are Sleep Disorders? Last updated 8/2020. Accessed 6/19/2023. - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.). Sleep and Chronic Disease *(https://www.cdc.gov/sleep/about\_sleep/chronic\_disease.html)*. Accessed 6/19/2023. - Foldvary-Schaefer N. The Cleveland Clinic Guide to Sleep Disorders. New York: Kaplan Publishing, 2009. - Kolla BP, Auger RR. Jet Lag and Shift Work Sleep Disorders: How to Help Reset the Internal Clock *(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21968474/)*. *Cleve Clin J Med*. 2011;78(10):675-84. Accessed 6/19/2023. - National Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (U.S.). Sleep Health *(https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/education-and-awareness/sleep-health)*. Accessed 6/19/2023. - National Library of Medicine (U.S.). Sleep Disorders *(https://medlineplus.gov/sleepdisorders.html)*. Accessed 6/19/2023. - National Sleep Foundation (U.S.). Sleep Disorders *(https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-disorders)*. Last reviewed 5/16/2022. Accessed 6/19/2023. - Sateia MJ. International Classification of Sleep Disorders-Third Edition: Highlights and Modifications *(https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.14-0970)*. *Chest*. 2014;146(5),1387-1394. Accessed 6/19/2023.

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