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| Meta Title | Schizophrenia: MedlinePlus | |||||||||
| Meta Description | Schizophrenia is a serious brain illness that can include hearing voices that aren't there and thinking others are trying to hurt them. | |||||||||
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See, Play and Learn
Health Check Tools
Summary
Schizophrenia is a serious brain illness. People who have it may hear voices that aren't there. They may think other people are trying to hurt them. Sometimes they don't make sense when they talk. The disorder makes it hard for them to keep a job or take care of themselves.
Symptoms of schizophrenia usually start between ages 16 and 30. Men often develop symptoms at a younger age than women. People usually do not get schizophrenia after age 45. There are three types of symptoms:
Psychotic symptoms distort a person's thinking. These include hallucinations (hearing or seeing things that are not there), delusions (beliefs that are not true), trouble organizing thoughts, and strange movements.
"Negative" symptoms make it difficult to show emotions and to function normally. A person may seem depressed and withdrawn.
Cognitive symptoms affect the thought process. These include trouble using information, making decisions, and paying attention.
No one is sure what causes schizophrenia. Your genes, environment, and brain chemistry may play a role.
There is no cure. Medicine can help control many of the symptoms. You may need to try different medicines to see which works best. You should stay on your medicine for as long as your doctor recommends. Additional treatments can help you deal with your illness from day to day. These include therapy, family education, rehabilitation, and skills training.
NIH: National Institute of Mental Health
Start Here
Schizophrenia
(NAMI)
Schizophrenia
(National Institute of Mental Health)
Also in
Spanish
Schizophrenia
(American Psychiatric Association)
Managing Life with Serious Mental Illness
(Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration)
Mental Health Providers: Tips on Finding One
(Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research)
Also in
Spanish
Schizoaffective Disorder
(Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research)
Also in
Spanish
Understanding Psychosis
(National Institute of Mental Health)
Also in
Spanish
Schizophrenia: MedlinePlus Genetics
(National Library of Medicine)
ClinicalTrials.gov: Schizophrenia
(National Institutes of Health)
Mental status testing
(Medical Encyclopedia)
Also in
Spanish
Schizoaffective disorder
(Medical Encyclopedia)
Also in
Spanish
Schizophrenia
(Medical Encyclopedia)
Also in
Spanish | |||||||||
| Markdown | [Skip navigation](https://medlineplus.gov/schizophrenia.html#start)

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Schizophrenia
URL of this page: https://medlineplus.gov/schizophrenia.html
# Schizophrenia
On this page
### Basics
- [Summary](https://medlineplus.gov/schizophrenia.html#summary "Go to: Summary")
- [Start Here](https://medlineplus.gov/schizophrenia.html#cat_51 "Go to: Start Here")
- [Treatments and Therapies](https://medlineplus.gov/schizophrenia.html#cat_78 "Go to: Treatments and Therapies")
### Learn More
- [Living With](https://medlineplus.gov/schizophrenia.html#cat_77 "Go to: Living With")
- [Related Issues](https://medlineplus.gov/schizophrenia.html#cat_47 "Go to: Related Issues")
- [Specifics](https://medlineplus.gov/schizophrenia.html#cat_42 "Go to: Specifics")
- [Genetics](https://medlineplus.gov/schizophrenia.html#cat_46 "Go to: Genetics")
### See, Play and Learn
- [Health Check Tools](https://medlineplus.gov/schizophrenia.html#cat_48 "Go to: Health Check Tools")
### Research
- [Clinical Trials](https://medlineplus.gov/schizophrenia.html#cat_27 "Go to: Clinical Trials")
- [Journal Articles](https://medlineplus.gov/schizophrenia.html#cat_59 "Go to: Journal Articles")
### Resources
- [Find an Expert](https://medlineplus.gov/schizophrenia.html#cat_83 "Go to: Find an Expert")
### For You
- [Children](https://medlineplus.gov/schizophrenia.html#cat_8 "Go to: Children")
- [Patient Handouts](https://medlineplus.gov/schizophrenia.html#cat_69 "Go to: Patient Handouts")
## Summary
Schizophrenia is a serious brain illness. People who have it may hear voices that aren't there. They may think other people are trying to hurt them. Sometimes they don't make sense when they talk. The disorder makes it hard for them to keep a job or take care of themselves.
Symptoms of schizophrenia usually start between ages 16 and 30. Men often develop symptoms at a younger age than women. People usually do not get schizophrenia after age 45. There are three types of symptoms:
- Psychotic symptoms distort a person's thinking. These include hallucinations (hearing or seeing things that are not there), delusions (beliefs that are not true), trouble organizing thoughts, and strange movements.
- "Negative" symptoms make it difficult to show emotions and to function normally. A person may seem depressed and withdrawn.
- Cognitive symptoms affect the thought process. These include trouble using information, making decisions, and paying attention.
No one is sure what causes schizophrenia. Your genes, environment, and brain chemistry may play a role.
There is no cure. Medicine can help control many of the symptoms. You may need to try different medicines to see which works best. You should stay on your medicine for as long as your doctor recommends. Additional treatments can help you deal with your illness from day to day. These include therapy, family education, rehabilitation, and skills training.
NIH: National Institute of Mental Health
## Start Here
- [Schizophrenia](https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Mental-Health-Conditions/Schizophrenia/) (NAMI)
- [Schizophrenia](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/schizophrenia)  (National Institute of Mental Health) Also in [Spanish](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/la-esquizofrenia)
- [Schizophrenia](https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/schizophrenia) (American Psychiatric Association)
## Treatments and Therapies
- [Brain Stimulation Therapies](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/brain-stimulation-therapies/brain-stimulation-therapies)   (National Institute of Mental Health)
- [Mental Health Medications](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/mental-health-medications)  (National Institute of Mental Health)
- [Psychotherapies](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/psychotherapies)  (National Institute of Mental Health)
## Living With
- [Managing Life with Serious Mental Illness](https://www.samhsa.gov/mental-health/serious-mental-illness/managing-life)  (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration)
## Related Issues
- [Mental Health Providers: Tips on Finding One](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mental-illness/in-depth/mental-health-providers/art-20045530?p=1) (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in [Spanish](https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/mental-illness/in-depth/mental-health-providers/art-20045530?p=1)
## Specifics
- [Schizoaffective Disorder](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/schizoaffective-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20354504?p=1) (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in [Spanish](https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/schizoaffective-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20354504?p=1)
- [Understanding Psychosis](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/understanding-psychosis)  (National Institute of Mental Health) Also in [Spanish](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/como-comprender-que-es-la-psicosis)
## Genetics
- [Schizophrenia: MedlinePlus Genetics](https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/schizophrenia)  (National Library of Medicine)
## Health Check Tools
- [Psychosis and Schizophrenia Test](https://screening.mhanational.org/screening-tools/psychosis/) (Mental Health America)
## Clinical Trials
- [ClinicalTrials.gov: Schizophrenia](https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Schizophrenia%22&aggFilters=status:not%20rec)  (National Institutes of Health)
## Journal Articles References and abstracts from MEDLINE/PubMed (National Library of Medicine)
- [Article: Electroconvulsive Therapy in Schizophrenia: Exploratory Study on the Efficacy, Cognitive Effects,...](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41888071)
- [Article: Autonomy Support from Healthcare Professionals Improves Functioning in Early Psychosis Through...](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41863373)
- [Article: Symptom Network Dynamics during Antipsychotic Treatment in First-Episode Psychosis.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41863366)
- [Schizophrenia -- see more articles](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Schizophrenia%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+)
## Find an Expert
- [FindTreatment.gov](https://findtreatment.gov/) (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration) Also in [Spanish](https://findtreatment.gov/es)
- [Help for Mental Illnesses](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/find-help)  (National Institute of Mental Health) Also in [Spanish](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/find-help/ayuda-para-la-salud-mental)
- [NAMI](https://www.nami.org/)
- [National Institute of Mental Health](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/)  Also in [Spanish](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol)
## Children
- [Schizophrenia in Children, Teens and Young Adults](https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/emotional-problems/Pages/Schizophrenia.aspx) (American Academy of Pediatrics) Also in [Spanish](https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/emotional-problems/paginas/schizophrenia.aspx)
## Patient Handouts
- [Mental status testing](https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003326.htm) (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in [Spanish](https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003326.htm)
- [Schizoaffective disorder](https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000930.htm) (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in [Spanish](https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000930.htm)
- [Schizophrenia](https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000928.htm) (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in [Spanish](https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000928.htm)
## Topic Image

## MEDICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA
- [Hallucinations](https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003258.htm)
- [Mental status testing](https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003326.htm)
- [Schizoaffective disorder](https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000930.htm)
- [Schizophrenia](https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000928.htm)
## National Institutes of Health
The primary NIH organization for research on Schizophrenia is the [National Institute of Mental Health](http://www.nimh.nih.gov/)
## Disclaimers
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The information on this site should not be used as a substitute for professional medical care or advice. Contact a health care provider if you have questions about your health.
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Last updated May 26, 2025
[](https://medlineplus.gov/schizophrenia.html#top "Return to top") | |||||||||
| Readable Markdown | On this page
### See, Play and Learn
- [Health Check Tools](https://medlineplus.gov/schizophrenia.html#cat_48 "Go to: Health Check Tools")
Summary
Schizophrenia is a serious brain illness. People who have it may hear voices that aren't there. They may think other people are trying to hurt them. Sometimes they don't make sense when they talk. The disorder makes it hard for them to keep a job or take care of themselves.
Symptoms of schizophrenia usually start between ages 16 and 30. Men often develop symptoms at a younger age than women. People usually do not get schizophrenia after age 45. There are three types of symptoms:
- Psychotic symptoms distort a person's thinking. These include hallucinations (hearing or seeing things that are not there), delusions (beliefs that are not true), trouble organizing thoughts, and strange movements.
- "Negative" symptoms make it difficult to show emotions and to function normally. A person may seem depressed and withdrawn.
- Cognitive symptoms affect the thought process. These include trouble using information, making decisions, and paying attention.
No one is sure what causes schizophrenia. Your genes, environment, and brain chemistry may play a role.
There is no cure. Medicine can help control many of the symptoms. You may need to try different medicines to see which works best. You should stay on your medicine for as long as your doctor recommends. Additional treatments can help you deal with your illness from day to day. These include therapy, family education, rehabilitation, and skills training.
NIH: National Institute of Mental Health
Start Here
- [Schizophrenia](https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Mental-Health-Conditions/Schizophrenia/) (NAMI)
- [Schizophrenia](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/schizophrenia)  (National Institute of Mental Health) Also in [Spanish](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/la-esquizofrenia)
- [Schizophrenia](https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/schizophrenia) (American Psychiatric Association)
- [Managing Life with Serious Mental Illness](https://www.samhsa.gov/mental-health/serious-mental-illness/managing-life)  (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration)
- [Mental Health Providers: Tips on Finding One](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mental-illness/in-depth/mental-health-providers/art-20045530?p=1) (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in [Spanish](https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/mental-illness/in-depth/mental-health-providers/art-20045530?p=1)
- [Schizoaffective Disorder](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/schizoaffective-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20354504?p=1) (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in [Spanish](https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/schizoaffective-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20354504?p=1)
- [Understanding Psychosis](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/understanding-psychosis)  (National Institute of Mental Health) Also in [Spanish](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/como-comprender-que-es-la-psicosis)
- [Schizophrenia: MedlinePlus Genetics](https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/schizophrenia)  (National Library of Medicine)
- [ClinicalTrials.gov: Schizophrenia](https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Schizophrenia%22&aggFilters=status:not%20rec)  (National Institutes of Health)
- [Mental status testing](https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003326.htm) (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in [Spanish](https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003326.htm)
- [Schizoaffective disorder](https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000930.htm) (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in [Spanish](https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000930.htm)
- [Schizophrenia](https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000928.htm) (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in [Spanish](https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000928.htm) | |||||||||
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