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| Meta Title | Antidepressants: MedlinePlus |
| Meta Description | Many people take antidepressants. Learn about antidepressant side effect, the different types of antidepressants, and more. |
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| Boilerpipe Text | Also called: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, SSRIs, Tricyclic antidepressants
On this page
See, Play and Learn
No links available
Summary
What are antidepressants?
Antidepressants are prescription medicines to treat depression.
Depression
is more than feeling a little sad or "blue" for a few days. It's a very common, serious medical illness that affects your mood and general
mental health
It can make you feel tired, hopeless, worried, or fearful. It can change your thinking, sleeping, and eating. Depression may make some people think about ending their lives.
But antidepressants can help many people who have depression. Researchers think antidepressants may help improve the way your brain uses certain chemicals that control mood or stress.
Are antidepressants used for other conditions?
A health care provider may prescribe antidepressants for
anxiety
,
chronic pain
, or
insomnia
. Sometimes providers also prescribe antidepressants for other conditions.
What are the different types of antidepressants?
There are many types of antidepressants. Each one works differently. Providers usually prescribe newer antidepressants first because they don't cause as many side effects as older types. They also seem to help more kinds of depression and anxiety problems.
Most of the newer antidepressants belong to one of these three groups:
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)
Atypical antidepressants, which are newer antidepressants that don't fit into the other groups
If these antidepressants don't help, your provider might suggest one of the older antidepressants. The older types include tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), tetracyclics, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). Even though these antidepressants may cause more serious side effects, the benefits may outweigh the risks for some people.
Which type of antidepressant is right for me?
Our bodies and brains all work differently. That means one antidepressant won't work for everyone. You may need to try two or more medicines before you find one that works for you.
Your provider will work with you to choose the best option to try first. You'll consider questions such as:
Which symptoms bother you most?
Some antidepressants may do a better job helping specific symptoms, such as trouble sleeping.
What other medicines and supplements do you take?
Some antidepressants can cause problems if you take them with certain medicines and herbs.
Did a certain antidepressant work well for a close relative?
An antidepressant that helped a parent, brother, or sister could be a good choice for you, too.
Do you have other health conditions?
Certain antidepressants can make some other conditions better or worse. Any other conditions that you have will be part of choosing your depression treatment.
Are you pregnant, planning for pregnancy, or breastfeeding?
If so, your provider will help you find a way to treat your depression that's safe for you and your baby.
How long do antidepressants take to work?
Antidepressants usually take 4 to 8 weeks to work, so you'll need to be patient. You may notice that some problems, such as sleeping and eating, get better before your mood improves. That's a good sign. You may just need to give the medicine a little more time to do its job.
Sometimes an antidepressant helps at first, but symptoms return while you're still taking it. But there's usually another one you can try. To get more relief from depression, your provider may suggest combining two antidepressants, using another kind of medicine with an antidepressant, or adding talk therapy or other approaches
to improve your mental health
.
How long will I need to take an antidepressant?
When an antidepressant starts to work, you and your provider can decide how long you need to stay on it. The typical length of treatment is 6 to 12 months, but some people may stay on antidepressants for much longer.
What are the side effects of antidepressants?
Not everyone has side effects from antidepressants. But if you do have them, they're usually mild and may get better over time as your body gets used to the new medicine.
The most common side effects from antidepressants include:
Nausea and vomiting
Weight gain
Diarrhea
Sleepiness
Sexual problems, such as a lack of desire or ability to have sex
When thinking about side effects, it's important to remember that there are also risks from not treating depression. Your provider can help you think through the pros and cons of all your options.
If you have any side effects from antidepressants, your provider may suggest ways to manage them while you wait to see if the antidepressant will work. If the side effects bother you too much, you may need to change antidepressants. But you should never change your dose or stop taking an antidepressant on your own.
If you have serious problems or notice any changes that worry you, such as new or worsening symptoms, unusual changes in your mood, or you start acting differently, call your provider right away.
In some cases, children, teenagers, and young adults under 25 may be more likely to think about hurting or killing themselves when starting antidepressants or when the dose is changed. Get medical help right away if this happens.
What can I do to take antidepressants safely?
Antidepressants are generally safe when you use them correctly:
Tell your provider about everything you take.
That includes medicines, herbs, supplements, and over-the-counter medicines you take, such as pain relievers and decongestants. Be honest about
recreational drugs
and alcohol, too.
Try to get all your medicines from the same pharmacy.
That way the pharmacist can warn you and your provider if you take medicines that may cause problems when used together.
Follow all instructions about how to take your medicine.
Talk with your provider if side effects bother you.
Never stop taking antidepressants without your provider's help.
Stopping too fast may make depression come back. You could even make your condition worse. To stop antidepressants safely, you need to give your body time to get used to being without the medicine. Your provider can tell you the safest way to go off an antidepressant.
NIH: National Institute of Mental Health
Start Here
Antidepressants: Selecting One That's Right for You
(Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research)
Mental Health Medications
(National Institute of Mental Health)
MAOIs and Diet: Is It Necessary to Restrict Tyramine?
(Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research)
Also in
Spanish
Antidepressant Withdrawal: Is There Such a Thing?
(Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research)
Also in
Spanish
Antidepressants and Alcohol: What's the Concern?
(Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research)
Also in
Spanish
Antidepressants and Weight Gain: What Causes It?
(Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research)
Also in
Spanish
Antidepressants: Another Weapon against Chronic Pain
(Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research)
Also in
Spanish
Antidepressants: Can They Stop Working?
(Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research)
Also in
Spanish
Antidepressants: Get Tips to Cope with Side Effects
(Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research)
Also in
Spanish
Antidepressants: Which Cause the Fewest Sexual Side Effects?
(Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research)
Also in
Spanish
Migraine Medications and Antidepressants: A Risky Mix?
(Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research)
Also in
Spanish
Atypical Antidepressants
(Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research)
Also in
Spanish
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)
(Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research)
Also in
Spanish
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
(Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research)
Also in
Spanish
Serotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
(Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research)
Also in
Spanish
Tricyclic Antidepressants
(Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research)
Also in
Spanish
Depression: MedlinePlus Genetics
(National Library of Medicine)
Antidepressants for Children and Teens
(Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research)
Also in
Spanish
Antidepressants: Safe during Pregnancy?
(Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research)
Also in
Spanish
Depression Medicines
(Food and Drug Administration) |
| Markdown | [Skip navigation](https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html#start)
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Antidepressants
URL of this page: https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html
# Antidepressants
Also called: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, SSRIs, Tricyclic antidepressants
On this page
### Basics
- [Summary](https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html#summary "Go to: Summary")
- [Start Here](https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html#cat_51 "Go to: Start Here")
- [Diagnosis and Tests](https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html#cat_92 "Go to: Diagnosis and Tests")
- [Treatments and Therapies](https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html#cat_78 "Go to: Treatments and Therapies")
### Learn More
- [Living With](https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html#cat_77 "Go to: Living With")
- [Related Issues](https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html#cat_47 "Go to: Related Issues")
- [Specifics](https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html#cat_42 "Go to: Specifics")
- [Genetics](https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html#cat_46 "Go to: Genetics")
### See, Play and Learn
- No links available
### Research
- [Clinical Trials](https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html#cat_27 "Go to: Clinical Trials")
- [Journal Articles](https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html#cat_59 "Go to: Journal Articles")
### Resources
- [Find an Expert](https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html#cat_83 "Go to: Find an Expert")
### For You
- [Children](https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html#cat_8 "Go to: Children")
- [Women](https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html#cat_7 "Go to: Women")
- [Patient Handouts](https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html#cat_69 "Go to: Patient Handouts")
## Summary
### What are antidepressants?
Antidepressants are prescription medicines to treat depression. [Depression](https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html) is more than feeling a little sad or "blue" for a few days. It's a very common, serious medical illness that affects your mood and general [mental health](https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealth.html) It can make you feel tired, hopeless, worried, or fearful. It can change your thinking, sleeping, and eating. Depression may make some people think about ending their lives.
But antidepressants can help many people who have depression. Researchers think antidepressants may help improve the way your brain uses certain chemicals that control mood or stress.
### Are antidepressants used for other conditions?
A health care provider may prescribe antidepressants for [anxiety](https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html), [chronic pain](https://medlineplus.gov/chronicpain.html), or [insomnia](https://medlineplus.gov/insomnia.html). Sometimes providers also prescribe antidepressants for other conditions.
### What are the different types of antidepressants?
There are many types of antidepressants. Each one works differently. Providers usually prescribe newer antidepressants first because they don't cause as many side effects as older types. They also seem to help more kinds of depression and anxiety problems.
Most of the newer antidepressants belong to one of these three groups:
- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
- Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)
- Atypical antidepressants, which are newer antidepressants that don't fit into the other groups
If these antidepressants don't help, your provider might suggest one of the older antidepressants. The older types include tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), tetracyclics, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). Even though these antidepressants may cause more serious side effects, the benefits may outweigh the risks for some people.
### Which type of antidepressant is right for me?
Our bodies and brains all work differently. That means one antidepressant won't work for everyone. You may need to try two or more medicines before you find one that works for you.
Your provider will work with you to choose the best option to try first. You'll consider questions such as:
- **Which symptoms bother you most?** Some antidepressants may do a better job helping specific symptoms, such as trouble sleeping.
- **What other medicines and supplements do you take?** Some antidepressants can cause problems if you take them with certain medicines and herbs.
- **Did a certain antidepressant work well for a close relative?** An antidepressant that helped a parent, brother, or sister could be a good choice for you, too.
- **Do you have other health conditions?** Certain antidepressants can make some other conditions better or worse. Any other conditions that you have will be part of choosing your depression treatment.
- **Are you pregnant, planning for pregnancy, or breastfeeding?** If so, your provider will help you find a way to treat your depression that's safe for you and your baby.
### How long do antidepressants take to work?
Antidepressants usually take 4 to 8 weeks to work, so you'll need to be patient. You may notice that some problems, such as sleeping and eating, get better before your mood improves. That's a good sign. You may just need to give the medicine a little more time to do its job.
Sometimes an antidepressant helps at first, but symptoms return while you're still taking it. But there's usually another one you can try. To get more relief from depression, your provider may suggest combining two antidepressants, using another kind of medicine with an antidepressant, or adding talk therapy or other approaches [to improve your mental health](https://medlineplus.gov/howtoimprovementalhealth.html).
### How long will I need to take an antidepressant?
When an antidepressant starts to work, you and your provider can decide how long you need to stay on it. The typical length of treatment is 6 to 12 months, but some people may stay on antidepressants for much longer.
### What are the side effects of antidepressants?
Not everyone has side effects from antidepressants. But if you do have them, they're usually mild and may get better over time as your body gets used to the new medicine.
The most common side effects from antidepressants include:
- [Nausea and vomiting](https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html)
- Weight gain
- [Diarrhea](https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html)
- Sleepiness
- Sexual problems, such as a lack of desire or ability to have sex
When thinking about side effects, it's important to remember that there are also risks from not treating depression. Your provider can help you think through the pros and cons of all your options.
If you have any side effects from antidepressants, your provider may suggest ways to manage them while you wait to see if the antidepressant will work. If the side effects bother you too much, you may need to change antidepressants. But you should never change your dose or stop taking an antidepressant on your own.
If you have serious problems or notice any changes that worry you, such as new or worsening symptoms, unusual changes in your mood, or you start acting differently, call your provider right away.
In some cases, children, teenagers, and young adults under 25 may be more likely to think about hurting or killing themselves when starting antidepressants or when the dose is changed. Get medical help right away if this happens.
### What can I do to take antidepressants safely?
Antidepressants are generally safe when you use them correctly:
- **Tell your provider about everything you take.** That includes medicines, herbs, supplements, and over-the-counter medicines you take, such as pain relievers and decongestants. Be honest about [recreational drugs](https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html) and alcohol, too.
- **Try to get all your medicines from the same pharmacy.** That way the pharmacist can warn you and your provider if you take medicines that may cause problems when used together.
- **Follow all instructions about how to take your medicine.**
- **Talk with your provider if side effects bother you.**
- **Never stop taking antidepressants without your provider's help.** Stopping too fast may make depression come back. You could even make your condition worse. To stop antidepressants safely, you need to give your body time to get used to being without the medicine. Your provider can tell you the safest way to go off an antidepressant.
NIH: National Institute of Mental Health
## Start Here
- [Antidepressants: Selecting One That's Right for You](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/antidepressants/art-20046273?p=1) (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research)
- [Mental Health Medications](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/mental-health-medications)  (National Institute of Mental Health)
## Diagnosis and Tests
- [Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) Tests](https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/cyp450-test/about/pac-20393711?p=1) (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in [Spanish](https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/cyp450-test/about/pac-20393711?p=1)
- [Pharmacogenetic Tests](https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pharmacogenetic-tests/)  (National Library of Medicine) Also in [Spanish](https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-farmacogeneticas/)
- [Tricyclic Antidepressant (TCA) Screen](https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tricyclic-antidepressant-tca-screen/)  (National Library of Medicine) Also in [Spanish](https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-antidepresivos-triciclicos/)
## Treatments and Therapies
- [8 Things To Know about Depression and Complementary Health Approaches](https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tips/things-to-know-about-depression-and-complementary-health-approaches)  (National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health)
- [St. John's Wort and Depression](https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/st-johns-wort-and-depression-in-depth)  (National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health)
## Living With
- [MAOIs and Diet: Is It Necessary to Restrict Tyramine?](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/maois/faq-20058035?p=1) (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in [Spanish](https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/maois/faq-20058035?p=1)
## Related Issues
- [Antidepressant Withdrawal: Is There Such a Thing?](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/antidepressant-withdrawal/faq-20058133?p=1) (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in [Spanish](https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/antidepressant-withdrawal/faq-20058133?p=1)
- [Antidepressants and Alcohol: What's the Concern?](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/antidepressants-and-alcohol/faq-20058231?p=1) (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in [Spanish](https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/antidepressants-and-alcohol/faq-20058231?p=1)
- [Antidepressants and Weight Gain: What Causes It?](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/antidepressants-and-weight-gain/faq-20058127?p=1) (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in [Spanish](https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/antidepressants-and-weight-gain/faq-20058127?p=1)
- [Antidepressants: Another Weapon against Chronic Pain](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/back-pain/in-depth/pain-medications/art-20045647?p=1) (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in [Spanish](https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/back-pain/in-depth/pain-medications/art-20045647?p=1)
- [Antidepressants: Can They Stop Working?](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/antidepressants/faq-20057938?p=1) (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in [Spanish](https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/antidepressants/faq-20057938?p=1)
- [Antidepressants: Get Tips to Cope with Side Effects](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/antidepressants/art-20049305?p=1) (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in [Spanish](https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/antidepressants/art-20049305?p=1)
- [Antidepressants: Which Cause the Fewest Sexual Side Effects?](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/antidepressants/faq-20058104?p=1) (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in [Spanish](https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/antidepressants/faq-20058104?p=1)
- [Migraine Medications and Antidepressants: A Risky Mix?](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/migraine-headache/expert-answers/migraine-medications/faq-20058166?p=1) (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in [Spanish](https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/migraine-headache/expert-answers/migraine-medications/faq-20058166?p=1)
## Specifics
- [Atypical Antidepressants](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/atypical-antidepressants/art-20048208?p=1) (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in [Spanish](https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/atypical-antidepressants/art-20048208?p=1)
- [Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/maois/art-20043992?p=1) (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in [Spanish](https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/maois/art-20043992?p=1)
- [Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/ssris/art-20044825?p=1) (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in [Spanish](https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/ssris/art-20044825?p=1)
- [Serotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/snris/art-20044970?p=1) (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in [Spanish](https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/snris/art-20044970?p=1)
- [Tricyclic Antidepressants](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/antidepressants/art-20046983?p=1) (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in [Spanish](https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/antidepressants/art-20046983?p=1)
## Genetics
- [Depression: MedlinePlus Genetics](https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/depression)  (National Library of Medicine)
## Clinical Trials
- [ClinicalTrials.gov: Antidepressants](https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=antidepressants&aggFilters=status:not%20rec)  (National Institutes of Health)
- [ClinicalTrials.gov: Serotonin and Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors](https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Serotonin+and+Noradrenaline+Reuptake+Inhibitors%22&aggFilters=status:not%20rec)  (National Institutes of Health)
## Journal Articles References and abstracts from MEDLINE/PubMed (National Library of Medicine)
- [Article: Transient frontal spectral events from EEG predict antidepressant response to sertraline...](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41849883)
- [Article: Brain functional network correlates and predictors of the perioperative antidepressant effect...](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41792101)
- [Article: Sequenced treatment alternatives to relieve adolescent depression: A pragmatic clinical trial.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41759676)
- [Antidepressants -- see more articles](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Antidepressive+Agents%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+)
## Find an Expert
- [NAMI](https://www.nami.org/)
- [National Institute of Mental Health](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/)  Also in [Spanish](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol)
## Children
- [Antidepressants for Children and Teens](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/teen-depression/in-depth/antidepressants/art-20047502?p=1) (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in [Spanish](https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/teen-depression/in-depth/antidepressants/art-20047502?p=1)
## Women
- [Antidepressants: Safe during Pregnancy?](https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/antidepressants/art-20046420?p=1) (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in [Spanish](https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/antidepressants/art-20046420?p=1)
- [Depression Medicines](https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/depression-medicines) (Food and Drug Administration)
## Patient Handouts
- [Depression - stopping your medicines](https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000570.htm) (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in [Spanish](https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000570.htm)
## Topic Image
## MEDICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA
- [Amitriptyline and perphenazine overdose](https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002645.htm)
- [Amitriptyline hydrochloride overdose](https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002631.htm)
- [Depression - stopping your medicines](https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000570.htm)
- [Desipramine hydrochloride overdose](https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002626.htm)
- [Doxepin overdose](https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002547.htm)
- [Imipramine overdose](https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002656.htm)
- [Serotonin syndrome](https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007272.htm)
- [Trazodone overdose](https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002559.htm)
## Related Health Topics
- [Depression](https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html)
## National Institutes of Health
The primary NIH organization for research on Antidepressants is the [National Institute of Mental Health](http://www.nimh.nih.gov/)
## NIH MedlinePlus Magazine
- [Commonly Prescribed Antidepressants and How They Work](https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/commonly-prescribed-antidepressants-and-how-they-work)
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Last updated March 17, 2025
[](https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html#top "Return to top") |
| Readable Markdown | Also called: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, SSRIs, Tricyclic antidepressants
On this page
### See, Play and Learn
- No links available
Summary
### What are antidepressants?
Antidepressants are prescription medicines to treat depression. [Depression](https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html) is more than feeling a little sad or "blue" for a few days. It's a very common, serious medical illness that affects your mood and general [mental health](https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealth.html) It can make you feel tired, hopeless, worried, or fearful. It can change your thinking, sleeping, and eating. Depression may make some people think about ending their lives.
But antidepressants can help many people who have depression. Researchers think antidepressants may help improve the way your brain uses certain chemicals that control mood or stress.
### Are antidepressants used for other conditions?
A health care provider may prescribe antidepressants for [anxiety](https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html), [chronic pain](https://medlineplus.gov/chronicpain.html), or [insomnia](https://medlineplus.gov/insomnia.html). Sometimes providers also prescribe antidepressants for other conditions.
### What are the different types of antidepressants?
There are many types of antidepressants. Each one works differently. Providers usually prescribe newer antidepressants first because they don't cause as many side effects as older types. They also seem to help more kinds of depression and anxiety problems.
Most of the newer antidepressants belong to one of these three groups:
- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
- Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)
- Atypical antidepressants, which are newer antidepressants that don't fit into the other groups
If these antidepressants don't help, your provider might suggest one of the older antidepressants. The older types include tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), tetracyclics, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). Even though these antidepressants may cause more serious side effects, the benefits may outweigh the risks for some people.
### Which type of antidepressant is right for me?
Our bodies and brains all work differently. That means one antidepressant won't work for everyone. You may need to try two or more medicines before you find one that works for you.
Your provider will work with you to choose the best option to try first. You'll consider questions such as:
- **Which symptoms bother you most?** Some antidepressants may do a better job helping specific symptoms, such as trouble sleeping.
- **What other medicines and supplements do you take?** Some antidepressants can cause problems if you take them with certain medicines and herbs.
- **Did a certain antidepressant work well for a close relative?** An antidepressant that helped a parent, brother, or sister could be a good choice for you, too.
- **Do you have other health conditions?** Certain antidepressants can make some other conditions better or worse. Any other conditions that you have will be part of choosing your depression treatment.
- **Are you pregnant, planning for pregnancy, or breastfeeding?** If so, your provider will help you find a way to treat your depression that's safe for you and your baby.
### How long do antidepressants take to work?
Antidepressants usually take 4 to 8 weeks to work, so you'll need to be patient. You may notice that some problems, such as sleeping and eating, get better before your mood improves. That's a good sign. You may just need to give the medicine a little more time to do its job.
Sometimes an antidepressant helps at first, but symptoms return while you're still taking it. But there's usually another one you can try. To get more relief from depression, your provider may suggest combining two antidepressants, using another kind of medicine with an antidepressant, or adding talk therapy or other approaches [to improve your mental health](https://medlineplus.gov/howtoimprovementalhealth.html).
### How long will I need to take an antidepressant?
When an antidepressant starts to work, you and your provider can decide how long you need to stay on it. The typical length of treatment is 6 to 12 months, but some people may stay on antidepressants for much longer.
### What are the side effects of antidepressants?
Not everyone has side effects from antidepressants. But if you do have them, they're usually mild and may get better over time as your body gets used to the new medicine.
The most common side effects from antidepressants include:
- [Nausea and vomiting](https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html)
- Weight gain
- [Diarrhea](https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html)
- Sleepiness
- Sexual problems, such as a lack of desire or ability to have sex
When thinking about side effects, it's important to remember that there are also risks from not treating depression. Your provider can help you think through the pros and cons of all your options.
If you have any side effects from antidepressants, your provider may suggest ways to manage them while you wait to see if the antidepressant will work. If the side effects bother you too much, you may need to change antidepressants. But you should never change your dose or stop taking an antidepressant on your own.
If you have serious problems or notice any changes that worry you, such as new or worsening symptoms, unusual changes in your mood, or you start acting differently, call your provider right away.
In some cases, children, teenagers, and young adults under 25 may be more likely to think about hurting or killing themselves when starting antidepressants or when the dose is changed. Get medical help right away if this happens.
### What can I do to take antidepressants safely?
Antidepressants are generally safe when you use them correctly:
- **Tell your provider about everything you take.** That includes medicines, herbs, supplements, and over-the-counter medicines you take, such as pain relievers and decongestants. Be honest about [recreational drugs](https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html) and alcohol, too.
- **Try to get all your medicines from the same pharmacy.** That way the pharmacist can warn you and your provider if you take medicines that may cause problems when used together.
- **Follow all instructions about how to take your medicine.**
- **Talk with your provider if side effects bother you.**
- **Never stop taking antidepressants without your provider's help.** Stopping too fast may make depression come back. You could even make your condition worse. To stop antidepressants safely, you need to give your body time to get used to being without the medicine. Your provider can tell you the safest way to go off an antidepressant.
NIH: National Institute of Mental Health
Start Here
- [Antidepressants: Selecting One That's Right for You](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/antidepressants/art-20046273?p=1) (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research)
- [Mental Health Medications](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/mental-health-medications)  (National Institute of Mental Health)
- [MAOIs and Diet: Is It Necessary to Restrict Tyramine?](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/maois/faq-20058035?p=1) (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in [Spanish](https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/maois/faq-20058035?p=1)
- [Antidepressant Withdrawal: Is There Such a Thing?](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/antidepressant-withdrawal/faq-20058133?p=1) (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in [Spanish](https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/antidepressant-withdrawal/faq-20058133?p=1)
- [Antidepressants and Alcohol: What's the Concern?](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/antidepressants-and-alcohol/faq-20058231?p=1) (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in [Spanish](https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/antidepressants-and-alcohol/faq-20058231?p=1)
- [Antidepressants and Weight Gain: What Causes It?](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/antidepressants-and-weight-gain/faq-20058127?p=1) (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in [Spanish](https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/antidepressants-and-weight-gain/faq-20058127?p=1)
- [Antidepressants: Another Weapon against Chronic Pain](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/back-pain/in-depth/pain-medications/art-20045647?p=1) (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in [Spanish](https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/back-pain/in-depth/pain-medications/art-20045647?p=1)
- [Antidepressants: Can They Stop Working?](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/antidepressants/faq-20057938?p=1) (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in [Spanish](https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/antidepressants/faq-20057938?p=1)
- [Antidepressants: Get Tips to Cope with Side Effects](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/antidepressants/art-20049305?p=1) (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in [Spanish](https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/antidepressants/art-20049305?p=1)
- [Antidepressants: Which Cause the Fewest Sexual Side Effects?](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/antidepressants/faq-20058104?p=1) (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in [Spanish](https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/antidepressants/faq-20058104?p=1)
- [Migraine Medications and Antidepressants: A Risky Mix?](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/migraine-headache/expert-answers/migraine-medications/faq-20058166?p=1) (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in [Spanish](https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/migraine-headache/expert-answers/migraine-medications/faq-20058166?p=1)
- [Atypical Antidepressants](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/atypical-antidepressants/art-20048208?p=1) (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in [Spanish](https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/atypical-antidepressants/art-20048208?p=1)
- [Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/maois/art-20043992?p=1) (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in [Spanish](https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/maois/art-20043992?p=1)
- [Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/ssris/art-20044825?p=1) (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in [Spanish](https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/ssris/art-20044825?p=1)
- [Serotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/snris/art-20044970?p=1) (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in [Spanish](https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/snris/art-20044970?p=1)
- [Tricyclic Antidepressants](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/antidepressants/art-20046983?p=1) (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in [Spanish](https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/antidepressants/art-20046983?p=1)
- [Depression: MedlinePlus Genetics](https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/depression)  (National Library of Medicine)
- [Antidepressants for Children and Teens](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/teen-depression/in-depth/antidepressants/art-20047502?p=1) (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in [Spanish](https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/teen-depression/in-depth/antidepressants/art-20047502?p=1)
- [Antidepressants: Safe during Pregnancy?](https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/antidepressants/art-20046420?p=1) (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in [Spanish](https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/antidepressants/art-20046420?p=1)
- [Depression Medicines](https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/depression-medicines) (Food and Drug Administration) |
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