🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 168 (from laksa198)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa168.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/xcopy\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/xcopy\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/xcopy","crawl_time":1776284376,"first_indexed_time":1663495523,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"com,microsoft!learn,\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/xcopy s443","src_root_hash":"14615152987638977768","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"xcopy | Microsoft Learn","meta_descriptions":["Reference article for xcopy, which copies files and directories, including subdirectories."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Copies files and directories, including subdirectories.\nFor examples of how to use this command, see\nExamples\n.\nxcopy <Source> [<Destination>] [\/w] [\/p] [\/c] [\/v] [\/q] [\/f] [\/l] [\/g] [\/d [:MM-DD-YYYY]] [\/u] [\/i] [\/s [\/e]] [\/t] [\/k] [\/r] [\/h] [{\/a | \/m}] [\/n] [\/o] [\/x] [\/exclude:FileName1[+[FileName2]][+[FileName3]]] [{\/y | \/-y}] [\/z] [\/b] [\/j] [\/compress]\nParameter\nDescription\n<Source>\nRequired. Specifies the location and names of the files you want to copy. This parameter must include either a drive or a path.\n[<Destination>]\nSpecifies the destination of the files you want to copy. This parameter can include a drive letter and colon, a directory name, a file name, or a combination of these.\n\/w\nDisplays the following message and waits for your response before starting to copy files:\nPress any key to begin copying file(s)\n\/p\nPrompts you to confirm whether you want to create each destination file.\n\/c\nIgnores errors.\n\/v\nVerifies each file as it is written to the destination file to make sure that the destination files are identical to the source files.\n\/q\nSuppresses the display of\nxcopy\nmessages.\n\/f\nDisplays source and destination file names while copying.\n\/l\nGenerates a list of files that are to be copied, but doesn't actively copy the files.\n\/g\nCreates decrypted\ndestination\nfiles when the destination doesn't support encryption.\n\/d [:MM-DD-YYYY]\nCopies source files changed on or after the specified date only. If you don't include a\nMM-DD-YYYY\nvalue,\nxcopy\ncopies all\nsource\nfiles that are newer than existing\ndestination\nfiles. This command-line option allows you to update files that have changed.\n\/u\nCopies files from\nsource\nthat exist on\ndestination\nonly.\n\/i\nIf\nsource\nis a directory or contains wildcards and\ndestination\ndoesn't exist,\nxcopy\nassumes\ndestination\nspecifies a directory name and creates a new directory. Then,\nxcopy\ncopies all specified files into the new directory. By default,\nxcopy\nprompts you to specify whether\ndestination\nis a file or a directory.\n\/s\nCopies directories and subdirectories, unless they're empty. If you omit\n\/s\n,\nxcopy\nworks within a single directory.\n\/e\nCopies all subdirectories, even if they're empty. Use\n\/e\nwith the\n\/s\nand\n\/t\ncommand-line options.\n\/t\nCopies the subdirectory structure (that is, the tree) only, not files. To copy empty directories, you must include the\n\/e\ncommand-line option.\n\/k\nCopies files and retains the read-only attribute on\ndestination\nfiles if present on the\nsource\nfiles. By default,\nxcopy\nremoves the read-only attribute.\n\/r\nCopies read-only files.\n\/h\nCopies files with hidden and system file attributes. By default,\nxcopy\ndoesn't copy hidden or system files\n\/a\nCopies only\nsource\nfiles that have their archive file attributes set.\n\/a\ndoesn't modify the archive file attribute of the source file. For information about how to set the archive file attribute by using\nattrib\n, see\nRelated links\n.\n\/m\nCopies\nsource\nfiles that have their archive file attributes set. Unlike\n\/a\n,\n\/m\nturns off archive file attributes in the files that are specified in the source. For information about how to set the archive file attribute by using\nattrib\n, see\nRelated links\n.\n\/n\nCreates copies by using the NTFS short file or directory names.\n\/n\nis required when you copy files or directories from an NTFS volume to a FAT volume or when the FAT file system naming convention (that is, 8.3 characters) is required on the\ndestination\nfile system. The\ndestination\nfile system can be FAT or NTFS.\n\/o\nCopies file ownership and discretionary access control list (DACL) information.\n\/x\nCopies file audit settings and system access control list (SACL) information (implies\n\/o\n).\n\/exclude:FileName1[+[FileName2]][+[FileName3]( )]\nSpecifies a list of files. At least one file must be specified. Each file contains search strings with each string on a separate line in the file. When any of the strings match any part of the absolute path of the file to be copied, that file is excluded from being copied. For example, specifying the string\nobj\nwill exclude all files underneath the directory\nobj\nor all files with the\n.obj\nextension.\n\/y\nSuppresses prompting to confirm that you want to overwrite an existing destination file.\n\/-y\nPrompts to confirm that you want to overwrite an existing destination file.\n\/z\nCopies over a network in restartable mode.\n\/b\nCopies the symbolic link instead of the files. This parameter was introduced in Windows Vista®.\n\/j\nCopies files without buffering. Recommended for very large files. This parameter was added in Windows Server 2008 R2.\n\/compress\nRequest network compression during file transfer where applicable.\n\/[\n-\n]sparse\nEnables or disables retaining the sparse state of files during copy process. If both parameters are specified,\n\/-sparse\noverrides\n\/sparse\n.\n\/noclone\nDoesn't attempt block cloning as an optimization.\n\/?\nDisplays help at the command prompt.\nUsing\n\/z\nIf you lose your connection during the copy phase (for example, if the server going offline severs the connection), it resumes after you reestablish the connection.\n\/z\nalso displays the percentage of the copy operation completed for each file.\nUsing\n\/y\nin the COPYCMD environment variable.\nYou can use\n\/y\nin the COPYCMD environment variable. You can override this command by using\n\/-y\non the command line. By default, you're prompted to overwrite.\nCopying encrypted files\nCopying encrypted files to a volume that doesn't support EFS results in an error. Decrypt the files first or copy the files to a volume that does support EFS.\nAppending files\nTo append files, specify a single file for destination, but multiple files for source (that is, by using wildcards or file1+file2+file3 format).\nDefault value for\ndestination\nIf you omit\ndestination\n, the\nxcopy\ncommand copies the files to the current directory.\nSpecifying whether\ndestination\nis a file or directory\nIf\ndestination\ndoesn't contain an existing directory and doesn't end with a backslash (), the following message appears:\nDoes <Destination> specify a file name or directory name on the target(F = file, D = directory)?\nPress F if you want the file or files to be copied to a file. Press D if you want the file or files to be copied to a directory.\nYou can suppress this message by using the\n\/i\ncommand-line option, which causes\nxcopy\nto assume that the destination is a directory if the source is more than one file or a directory.\nUsing the\nxcopy\ncommand to set archive attribute for\ndestination\nfiles\nThe\nxcopy\ncommand creates files with the archive attribute set, whether or not this attribute was set in the source file. For more information about file attributes and\nattrib\n, see\nRelated links\n.\nComparing\nxcopy\nand\ndiskcopy\nIf you have a disk that contains files in subdirectories and you want to copy it to a disk that has a different format, use the\nxcopy\ncommand instead of\ndiskcopy\n. Because the\ndiskcopy\ncommand copies disks track by track, your source and destination disks must have the same format. The\nxcopy\ncommand doesn't have this requirement. Use\nxcopy\nunless you need a complete disk image copy.\nInsufficient memory error\nAn \"insufficient memory\" error may occur if running\nxcopy\nto copy a file or folder whose filename path is greater than 255 characters.\nExit codes for\nxcopy\nTo process exit codes returned by\nxcopy\n, use the\nErrorLevel\nparameter on the\nif\ncommand line in a batch program. For an example of a batch program that processes exit codes using\nif\n, see\nRelated links\n. The following table lists each exit code and a description.\nExit code\nDescription\n0\nFiles were copied without error.\n1\nNo files were found to copy.\n2\nThe user pressed CTRL+C to terminate\nxcopy\n.\n4\nInitialization error occurred. There isn't enough memory or disk space, or you entered an invalid drive name or invalid syntax on the command line.\n5\nDisk write error occurred.\n1.\nTo copy all the files and subdirectories (including any empty subdirectories) from drive A to drive B, type:\nxcopy a: b: \/s \/e\n2.\nTo include any system or hidden files in the previous example, add the\n\/h\ncommand-line option as follows:\nxcopy a: b: \/s \/e \/h\n3.\nTo update files in the \\Reports directory with the files in the \\Rawdata directory that have changed since December 29, 1993, type:\nxcopy \\rawdata \\reports \/d:12-29-1993\n4.\nTo update all the files that exist in \\Reports in the previous example, regardless of date, type:\nxcopy \\rawdata \\reports \/u\n5.\nTo obtain a list of the files to be copied by the previous command (that is, without actually copying the files), type:\nxcopy \\rawdata \\reports \/d:12-29-1993 \/l > xcopy.out\nThe file xcopy.out lists every file that is to be copied.\n6.\nTo copy the \\Customer directory and all subdirectories to the directory \\\\Public\\Address on network drive H:, retain the read-only attribute, and be prompted when a new file is created on H:, type:\nxcopy \\customer h:\\public\\address \/s \/e \/k \/p\n7.\nTo issue the previous command, ensure that\nxcopy\ncreates the \\Address directory if it doesn't exist, and suppress the message that appears when you create a new directory, add the\n\/i\ncommand-line option as follows:\nxcopy \\customer h:\\public\\address \/s \/e \/k \/p \/i\n8.\nYou can create a batch program to perform\nxcopy\noperations and use the batch\nif\ncommand to process the exit code if an error occurs. For example, the following batch program uses replaceable parameters for the\nxcopy\nsource and destination parameters:\n@echo off\nrem COPYIT.BAT transfers all files in all subdirectories of\nrem the source drive or directory (%1) to the destination\nrem drive or directory (%2)\nxcopy %1 %2 \/s \/e\nif errorlevel 4 goto lowmemory\nif errorlevel 2 goto abort\nif errorlevel 0 goto exit\n:lowmemory\necho Insufficient memory to copy files or\necho invalid drive or command-line syntax.\ngoto exit\n:abort\necho You pressed CTRL+C to end the copy operation.\ngoto exit\n:exit\nTo use the preceding batch program to copy all files in the C:\\Prgmcode directory and its subdirectories to drive B, type:\ncopyit c:\\prgmcode b:\nThe command interpreter substitutes\nC:\\Prgmcode\nfor\n%1\nand\nB:\nfor\n%2\n, then uses\nxcopy\nwith the\n\/e\nand\n\/s\ncommand-line options. If\nxcopy\nencounters an error, the batch program reads the exit code and goes to the label indicated in the appropriate\nIF ERRORLEVEL\nstatement, then displays the appropriate message and exits from the batch program.\n9.\nThis example copies all the non-empty directories, plus files with the associated file extension after the asterisk symbol.\nxcopy .\\toc*.yml ..\\..\\Copy-To\\ \/S \/Y\n\nrem Output example.\nrem  .\\d1\\toc.yml\nrem  .\\d1\\d12\\toc.yml\nrem  .\\d2\\toc.yml\nrem  3 File(s) copied\nIn the preceding example, this particular source parameter value\n.\\toc*.yml\ncopies the same 3 files even if its two path characters\n.\\\nwere removed. However, no files would be copied if the asterisk wildcard was removed from the source parameter, making it just\n.\\toc.yml\n.\nCopy\nMove\nDir\nAttrib\nDiskcopy\nIf\nCommand-Line Syntax Key","attrs_markdown":"[Skip to main content](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/xcopy#main)   [Skip to Ask Learn chat experience](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/xcopy)\n\n## Microsoft Build 2026\nJune 2-3, 2026\n\nGo deep on real code and real systems in San Francisco and online\n\n[Learn more](https:\/\/aka.ms\/MSBuild_FY26_BN_MSLearn_Hero)\n\nDismiss alert\n\nThis browser is no longer supported.\n\nUpgrade to Microsoft Edge to take advantage of the latest features, security updates, and technical support.\n\n[Download Microsoft Edge](https:\/\/go.microsoft.com\/fwlink\/p\/?LinkID=2092881%20)   [More info about Internet Explorer and Microsoft Edge](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/lifecycle\/faq\/internet-explorer-microsoft-edge)\n\n[Learn](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/)\n\n[Sign in](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/xcopy)\n\n![]()\n\n![]()\n\n- [Profile](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/users\/me\/activity\/)\n- [Analytics](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/users\/me\/analytics\/)\n- [Settings](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/users\/me\/settings\/)\n\n[Sign out](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/xcopy)\n\n[Learn](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/)\n\n- Documentation\n  \n  - [All product documentation](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/docs\/)\n  - [Azure documentation](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/azure\/?product=popular)\n  - [Dynamics 365 documentation](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/dynamics365\/)\n  - [Microsoft Copilot documentation](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/copilot\/)\n  - [Microsoft 365 documentation](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/microsoft-365\/)\n  - [Power Platform documentation](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/power-platform\/)\n  - [Code samples](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/samples\/)\n  - [Troubleshooting documentation](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/troubleshoot\/)\n  \n  Free to join. 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change\n  - [chcp](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/chcp)\n  - [chdir](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/chdir)\n  - [chglogon](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/chglogon)\n  - [chgport](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/chgport)\n  - [chgusr](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/chgusr)\n  - [chkdsk](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/chkdsk)\n  - [chkntfs](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/chkntfs)\n  - [choice](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/choice)\n  - [cipher](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/cipher)\n  - [cleanmgr](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/cleanmgr)\n  - [clip](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/clip)\n  - [cls](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/cls)\n  - [cmd](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/cmd)\n  - [cmdkey](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/cmdkey)\n  - [cmstp](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/cmstp)\n  - [color](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/color)\n  - [comp](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/comp)\n  - [compact](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/compact)\n  - [copy](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/copy)\n  - [cscript](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/cscript)\n  - [date](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/date)\n  - [dcdiag](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/dcdiag)\n  - [dcgpofix](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/dcgpofix)\n  - [dcpromo](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/dcpromo)\n  - [defrag](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/defrag)\n  - [del](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/del)\n  - dfsdiag\n  - [dfsrmig](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/dfsrmig)\n  - [dfsutil](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/dfsutil)\n  - [diantz](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/diantz)\n  - [dir](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/dir)\n  - [diskcomp](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/diskcomp)\n  - [diskcopy](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/diskcopy)\n  - [diskpart](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/diskpart)\n  - diskpart scripts and examples\n  - [diskperf](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/diskperf)\n  - [diskraid](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/diskraid)\n  - diskshadow\n  - [dispdiag](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/dispdiag)\n  - [dnscmd](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/dnscmd)\n  - [doskey](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/doskey)\n  - [driverquery](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/driverquery)\n  - [dtrace](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/dtrace)\n  - [echo](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/echo)\n  - [edit](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/edit)\n  - [endlocal](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/endlocal)\n  - [erase](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/erase)\n  - [eventcreate](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/eventcreate)\n  - [evntcmd](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/evntcmd)\n  - [expand](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/expand)\n  - [extract](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/extract)\n  - [fc](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/fc)\n  - [find](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/find)\n  - [findstr](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/findstr)\n  - [finger](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/finger)\n  - [flattemp](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/flattemp)\n  - [fondue](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/fondue)\n  - [for](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/for)\n  - [forfiles](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/forfiles)\n  - [freedisk](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/freedisk)\n  - fsutil\n  - ftp\n  - [ftype](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/ftype)\n  - [fveupdate](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/fveupdate)\n  - [getmac](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/getmac)\n  - [gettype](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/gettype)\n  - [goto](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/goto)\n  - [gpfixup](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/gpfixup)\n  - [gpresult](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/gpresult)\n  - [gpupdate](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/gpupdate)\n  - [graftabl](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/graftabl)\n  - [help](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/help)\n  - [helpctr](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/helpctr)\n  - [hostname](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/hostname)\n  - [icacls](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/icacls)\n  - [if](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/if)\n  - [ipconfig](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/ipconfig)\n  - [ipxroute](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/ipxroute)\n  - [irftp](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/irftp)\n  - [jetpack](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/jetpack)\n  - [klist](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/klist)\n  - ksetup\n  - [ktmutil](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/ktmutil)\n  - [ktpass](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/ktpass)\n  - [label](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/label)\n  - [lodctr](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/lodctr)\n  - logman\n  - [logoff](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/logoff)\n  - [lpq](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/lpq)\n  - [lpr](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/lpr)\n  - [macfile](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/macfile)\n  - [makecab](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/makecab)\n  - manage bde\n  - [mapadmin](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/mapadmin)\n  - [md](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/md)\n  - [mkdir](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/mkdir)\n  - [mklink](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/mklink)\n  - [mmc](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/mmc)\n  - [mode](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/mode)\n  - [more](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/more)\n  - [mount](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/mount)\n  - [mountvol](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/mountvol)\n  - [move](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/move)\n  - [mqbkup](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/mqbkup)\n  - [mqsvc](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/mqsvc)\n  - [mqtgsvc](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/mqtgsvc)\n  - [msdt](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/msdt)\n  - [msg](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/msg)\n  - [msiexec](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/msiexec)\n  - [msinfo32](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/msinfo32)\n  - [mstsc](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/mstsc)\n  - [nbtstat](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/nbtstat)\n  - [net print](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/net-print)\n  - [net user](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/net-user)\n  - [netcfg](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/netcfg)\n  - netdom\n  - network shell (netsh)\n  - [netstat](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/netstat)\n  - [nfsadmin](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/nfsadmin)\n  - [nfsshare](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/nfsshare)\n  - [nfsstat](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/nfsstat)\n  - [nlbmgr](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/nlbmgr)\n  - nslookup\n  - [ntbackup](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/ntbackup)\n  - [ntcmdprompt](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/ntcmdprompt)\n  - [ntfrsutl](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/ntfrsutl)\n  - [openfiles](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/openfiles)\n  - [pagefileconfig](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/pagefileconfig)\n  - [path](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/path)\n  - [pathping](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/pathping)\n  - [pause](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/pause)\n  - [pbadmin](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/pbadmin)\n  - [pentnt](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/pentnt)\n  - [perfmon](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/perfmon)\n  - [ping](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/ping)\n  - pktmon\n  - [pnpunattend](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/pnpunattend)\n  - [pnputil](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/pnputil)\n  - [popd](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/popd)\n  - [powershell](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/powershell)\n  - [powershell ise](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/powershell_ise)\n  - [print](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/print)\n  - [prncnfg](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/prncnfg)\n  - [prndrvr](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/prndrvr)\n  - [prnjobs](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/prnjobs)\n  - [prnmngr](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/prnmngr)\n  - [prnport](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/prnport)\n  - [prnqctl](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/prnqctl)\n  - [prompt](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/prompt)\n  - [pubprn](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/pubprn)\n  - [pushd](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/pushd)\n  - [pushprinterconnections](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/pushprinterconnections)\n  - [pwlauncher](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/pwlauncher)\n  - [qappsrv](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/qappsrv)\n  - [qprocess](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/qprocess)\n  - query\n  - [quser](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/quser)\n  - [qwinsta](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/qwinsta)\n  - [rd](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/rd)\n  - [rdpsign](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/rdpsign)\n  - [recover disk group](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/recover_1)\n  - refsutil\n  - reg\n  - [regini](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/regini)\n  - [regsvr32](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/regsvr32)\n  - [relog](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/relog)\n  - [ren](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/ren)\n  - [rename](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/rename)\n  - [repair bde](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/repair-bde)\n  - [replace](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/replace)\n  - [rexec](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/rexec)\n  - [risetup](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/risetup)\n  - [rmdir](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/rmdir)\n  - [robocopy](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/robocopy)\n  - [route ws2008](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/route_ws2008)\n  - [rpcinfo](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/rpcinfo)\n  - [rpcping](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/rpcping)\n  - [rsh](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/rsh)\n  - [rundll32](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/rundll32)\n  - [rundll32 printui](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/rundll32-printui)\n  - [rwinsta](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/rwinsta)\n  - [sc config](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/sc-config)\n  - [sc create](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/sc-create)\n  - [sc delete](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/sc-delete)\n  - [sc query](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/sc-query)\n  - schtasks\n  - scwcmd\n  - secedit\n  - [serverceipoptin](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/serverceipoptin)\n  - [servermanagercmd](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/servermanagercmd)\n  - [serverweroptin](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/serverweroptin)\n  - [Services for Network File System (NFS) command reference](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/services-for-network-file-system-command-reference)\n  - [set environmental variables](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/set_1)\n  - [setlocal](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/setlocal)\n  - [setspn](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/setspn)\n  - [setx](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/setx)\n  - [sfc](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/sfc)\n  - [shadow](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/shadow)\n  - [shift](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/shift)\n  - [showmount](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/showmount)\n  - [shutdown](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/shutdown)\n  - [simulate restore](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/simulate-restore)\n  - [sort](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/sort)\n  - [start](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/start)\n  - [subst](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/subst)\n  - [sxstrace](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/sxstrace)\n  - [sysmon](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/sysmon)\n  - [sysocmgr](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/sysocmgr)\n  - [systeminfo](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/systeminfo)\n  - [takeown](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/takeown)\n  - tapicfg\n  - [taskkill](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/taskkill)\n  - [tasklist](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/tasklist)\n  - [tcmsetup](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/tcmsetup)\n  - telnet\n  - [tftp](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/tftp)\n  - [time](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/time)\n  - [timeout](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/timeout)\n  - [title](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/title)\n  - [tlntadmn](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/tlntadmn)\n  - [tpmtool](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/tpmtool)\n  - [tpmvscmgr](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/tpmvscmgr)\n  - [tracerpt](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/tracerpt)\n  - [tracert](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/tracert)\n  - [tree](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/tree)\n  - [tscon](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/tscon)\n  - [tsdiscon](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/tsdiscon)\n  - [tsecimp](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/tsecimp)\n  - [tskill](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/tskill)\n  - [tsprof](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/tsprof)\n  - [type](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/type)\n  - [typeperf](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/typeperf)\n  - [tzutil](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/tzutil)\n  - [unlodctr](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/unlodctr)\n  - [ver](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/ver)\n  - [verifier](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/verifier)\n  - [verify](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/verify)\n  - [vol](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/vol)\n  - vssadmin\n  - [waitfor](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/waitfor)\n  - wbadmin\n  - wdsutil\n  - [wecutil](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/wecutil)\n  - [wevtutil](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/wevtutil)\n  - [where](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/where)\n  - 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You can try [signing in](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/xcopy) or [changing directories]().\n\nAccess to this page requires authorization. You can try [changing directories]().\n# xcopy\n- Applies to: ✅ [Windows Server 2025](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/windows-server\/get-started\/windows-server-release-info), ✅ [Windows Server 2022](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/windows-server\/get-started\/windows-server-release-info), ✅ [Windows Server 2019](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/windows-server\/get-started\/windows-server-release-info), ✅ [Windows Server 2016](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/windows-server\/get-started\/windows-server-release-info), ✅ [Windows 11](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/windows\/release-health\/supported-versions-windows-client), ✅ [Windows 10](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/windows\/release-health\/supported-versions-windows-client), ✅ [Azure Local 2311.2 and later](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/azure\/azure-local\/release-information-23h2)\n\nFeedback\n\nSummarize this article for me\n\n## In this article\n1. [Syntax](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/xcopy#syntax)\n2. [Remarks](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/xcopy#remarks)\n3. [Examples](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/xcopy#examples)\n4. [Related links](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/xcopy#related-links)\n\nCopies files and directories, including subdirectories.\n\nFor examples of how to use this command, see [Examples](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/xcopy#examples).\n\n## Syntax\nCopy\n```\nxcopy <Source> [<Destination>] [\/w] [\/p] [\/c] [\/v] [\/q] [\/f] [\/l] [\/g] [\/d [:MM-DD-YYYY]] [\/u] [\/i] [\/s [\/e]] [\/t] [\/k] [\/r] [\/h] [{\/a | \/m}] [\/n] [\/o] [\/x] [\/exclude:FileName1[+[FileName2]][+[FileName3]]] [{\/y | \/-y}] [\/z] [\/b] [\/j] [\/compress]\n```\n### Parameters\nExpand table\n\n| Parameter | Description |\n|---|---|\n| \\<Source\\> | Required. Specifies the location and names of the files you want to copy. This parameter must include either a drive or a path. |\n| \\[\\<Destination\\>\\] | Specifies the destination of the files you want to copy. This parameter can include a drive letter and colon, a directory name, a file name, or a combination of these. |\n| \/w | Displays the following message and waits for your response before starting to copy files: **Press any key to begin copying file(s)** |\n| \/p | Prompts you to confirm whether you want to create each destination file. |\n| \/c | Ignores errors. |\n| \/v | Verifies each file as it is written to the destination file to make sure that the destination files are identical to the source files. |\n| \/q | Suppresses the display of `xcopy` messages. |\n| \/f | Displays source and destination file names while copying. |\n| \/l | Generates a list of files that are to be copied, but doesn't actively copy the files. |\n| \/g | Creates decrypted *destination* files when the destination doesn't support encryption. |\n| \/d \\[:MM-DD-YYYY\\] | Copies source files changed on or after the specified date only. If you don't include a *MM-DD-YYYY* value, `xcopy` copies all *source* files that are newer than existing *destination* files. This command-line option allows you to update files that have changed. |\n| \/u | Copies files from *source* that exist on *destination* only. |\n| \/i | If *source* is a directory or contains wildcards and *destination* doesn't exist, `xcopy` assumes *destination* specifies a directory name and creates a new directory. Then, `xcopy` copies all specified files into the new directory. By default, `xcopy` prompts you to specify whether *destination* is a file or a directory. |\n| \/s | Copies directories and subdirectories, unless they're empty. If you omit **\/s**, `xcopy` works within a single directory. |\n| \/e | Copies all subdirectories, even if they're empty. Use **\/e** with the **\/s** and **\/t** command-line options. |\n| \/t | Copies the subdirectory structure (that is, the tree) only, not files. To copy empty directories, you must include the **\/e** command-line option. |\n| \/k | Copies files and retains the read-only attribute on *destination* files if present on the *source* files. By default, `xcopy` removes the read-only attribute. |\n| \/r | Copies read-only files. |\n| \/h | Copies files with hidden and system file attributes. By default, `xcopy` doesn't copy hidden or system files |\n| \/a | Copies only *source* files that have their archive file attributes set. **\/a** doesn't modify the archive file attribute of the source file. For information about how to set the archive file attribute by using **attrib**, see [Related links](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/xcopy#related-links). |\n| \/m | Copies *source* files that have their archive file attributes set. Unlike **\/a**, **\/m** turns off archive file attributes in the files that are specified in the source. For information about how to set the archive file attribute by using **attrib**, see [Related links](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/xcopy#related-links). |\n| \/n | Creates copies by using the NTFS short file or directory names. **\/n** is required when you copy files or directories from an NTFS volume to a FAT volume or when the FAT file system naming convention (that is, 8.3 characters) is required on the *destination* file system. The *destination* file system can be FAT or NTFS. |\n| \/o | Copies file ownership and discretionary access control list (DACL) information. |\n| \/x | Copies file audit settings and system access control list (SACL) information (implies **\/o**). |\n| \/exclude:FileName1\\[+\\[FileName2\\]\\]\\[+\\[FileName3\\]( )\\] | Specifies a list of files. At least one file must be specified. Each file contains search strings with each string on a separate line in the file. When any of the strings match any part of the absolute path of the file to be copied, that file is excluded from being copied. For example, specifying the string **obj** will exclude all files underneath the directory **obj** or all files with the **.obj** extension. |\n| \/y | Suppresses prompting to confirm that you want to overwrite an existing destination file. |\n| \/-y | Prompts to confirm that you want to overwrite an existing destination file. |\n| \/z | Copies over a network in restartable mode. |\n| \/b | Copies the symbolic link instead of the files. This parameter was introduced in Windows Vista®. |\n| \/j | Copies files without buffering. Recommended for very large files. This parameter was added in Windows Server 2008 R2. |\n| \/compress | Request network compression during file transfer where applicable. |\n| \/\\[`-`\\]sparse | Enables or disables retaining the sparse state of files during copy process. If both parameters are specified, **\/-sparse** overrides **\/sparse**. |\n| \/noclone | Doesn't attempt block cloning as an optimization. |\n| \/? | Displays help at the command prompt. |\n## Remarks\n- Using **\/z**\n  If you lose your connection during the copy phase (for example, if the server going offline severs the connection), it resumes after you reestablish the connection. **\/z** also displays the percentage of the copy operation completed for each file.\n- Using **\/y** in the COPYCMD environment variable.\n  You can use **\/y** in the COPYCMD environment variable. You can override this command by using **\/-y** on the command line. By default, you're prompted to overwrite.\n- Copying encrypted files\n  Copying encrypted files to a volume that doesn't support EFS results in an error. Decrypt the files first or copy the files to a volume that does support EFS.\n- Appending files\n  To append files, specify a single file for destination, but multiple files for source (that is, by using wildcards or file1+file2+file3 format).\n- Default value for *destination*\n  If you omit *destination*, the `xcopy` command copies the files to the current directory.\n- Specifying whether *destination* is a file or directory\n  If *destination* doesn't contain an existing directory and doesn't end with a backslash (), the following message appears:\n  Copy\n  ```\n  Does <Destination> specify a file name or directory name on the target(F = file, D = directory)?\n  ```\n  Press F if you want the file or files to be copied to a file. Press D if you want the file or files to be copied to a directory.\n  You can suppress this message by using the **\/i** command-line option, which causes `xcopy` to assume that the destination is a directory if the source is more than one file or a directory.\n- Using the `xcopy` command to set archive attribute for *destination* files\n  The `xcopy` command creates files with the archive attribute set, whether or not this attribute was set in the source file. For more information about file attributes and **attrib**, see [Related links](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/xcopy#related-links).\n- Comparing `xcopy` and `diskcopy`\n  If you have a disk that contains files in subdirectories and you want to copy it to a disk that has a different format, use the `xcopy` command instead of `diskcopy`. Because the `diskcopy` command copies disks track by track, your source and destination disks must have the same format. The `xcopy` command doesn't have this requirement. Use `xcopy` unless you need a complete disk image copy.\n- Insufficient memory error\n  An \"insufficient memory\" error may occur if running `xcopy` to copy a file or folder whose filename path is greater than 255 characters.\n- Exit codes for `xcopy`\n  To process exit codes returned by `xcopy`, use the **ErrorLevel** parameter on the **if** command line in a batch program. For an example of a batch program that processes exit codes using **if**, see [Related links](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/xcopy#related-links). The following table lists each exit code and a description.\n  Expand table\n  | Exit code | Description |\n  |---|---|\n  | 0 | Files were copied without error. |\n  | 1 | No files were found to copy. |\n  | 2 | The user pressed CTRL+C to terminate `xcopy`. |\n  | 4 | Initialization error occurred. There isn't enough memory or disk space, or you entered an invalid drive name or invalid syntax on the command line. |\n  | 5 | Disk write error occurred. |\n## Examples\n**1\\.** To copy all the files and subdirectories (including any empty subdirectories) from drive A to drive B, type:\n\nCopy\n```\nxcopy a: b: \/s \/e\n```\n**2\\.** To include any system or hidden files in the previous example, add the **\/h** command-line option as follows:\n\nCopy\n```\nxcopy a: b: \/s \/e \/h\n```\n**3\\.** To update files in the \\\\Reports directory with the files in the \\\\Rawdata directory that have changed since December 29, 1993, type:\n\nCopy\n```\nxcopy \\rawdata \\reports \/d:12-29-1993\n```\n**4\\.** To update all the files that exist in \\\\Reports in the previous example, regardless of date, type:\n\nCopy\n```\nxcopy \\rawdata \\reports \/u\n```\n**5\\.** To obtain a list of the files to be copied by the previous command (that is, without actually copying the files), type:\n\nCopy\n```\nxcopy \\rawdata \\reports \/d:12-29-1993 \/l > xcopy.out\n```\nThe file xcopy.out lists every file that is to be copied.\n\n**6\\.** To copy the \\\\Customer directory and all subdirectories to the directory \\\\\\\\Public\\\\Address on network drive H:, retain the read-only attribute, and be prompted when a new file is created on H:, type:\n\nCopy\n```\nxcopy \\customer h:\\public\\address \/s \/e \/k \/p\n```\n**7\\.** To issue the previous command, ensure that `xcopy` creates the \\\\Address directory if it doesn't exist, and suppress the message that appears when you create a new directory, add the **\/i** command-line option as follows:\n\nCopy\n```\nxcopy \\customer h:\\public\\address \/s \/e \/k \/p \/i\n```\n**8\\.** You can create a batch program to perform `xcopy` operations and use the batch **if** command to process the exit code if an error occurs. For example, the following batch program uses replaceable parameters for the `xcopy` source and destination parameters:\n\nCopy\n```\n@echo off\nrem COPYIT.BAT transfers all files in all subdirectories of\nrem the source drive or directory (%1) to the destination\nrem drive or directory (%2)\nxcopy %1 %2 \/s \/e\nif errorlevel 4 goto lowmemory\nif errorlevel 2 goto abort\nif errorlevel 0 goto exit\n:lowmemory\necho Insufficient memory to copy files or\necho invalid drive or command-line syntax.\ngoto exit\n:abort\necho You pressed CTRL+C to end the copy operation.\ngoto exit\n:exit\n```\nTo use the preceding batch program to copy all files in the C:\\\\Prgmcode directory and its subdirectories to drive B, type:\n\nCopy\n```\ncopyit c:\\prgmcode b:\n```\nThe command interpreter substitutes **C:\\\\Prgmcode** for *%1* and **B:** for *%2*, then uses `xcopy` with the **\/e** and **\/s** command-line options. If `xcopy` encounters an error, the batch program reads the exit code and goes to the label indicated in the appropriate **IF ERRORLEVEL** statement, then displays the appropriate message and exits from the batch program.\n\n**9\\.** This example copies all the non-empty directories, plus files with the associated file extension after the asterisk symbol.\n\nCopy\n```\nxcopy .\\toc*.yml ..\\..\\Copy-To\\ \/S \/Y\n\nrem Output example.\nrem  .\\d1\\toc.yml\nrem  .\\d1\\d12\\toc.yml\nrem  .\\d2\\toc.yml\nrem  3 File(s) copied\n```\nIn the preceding example, this particular source parameter value **.\\\\toc\\*.yml** copies the same 3 files even if its two path characters **.\\\\** were removed. However, no files would be copied if the asterisk wildcard was removed from the source parameter, making it just **.\\\\toc.yml**.\n\n## Related links\n- [Copy](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/copy)\n- [Move](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/move)\n- [Dir](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/dir)\n- [Attrib](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/attrib)\n- [Diskcopy](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/diskcopy)\n- [If](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/if)\n- [Command-Line Syntax Key](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/command-line-syntax-key)\n\n***\n## Feedback\nWas this page helpful?\n\nYes\n\nNo\n\nNo\n\nNeed help with this topic?\n\nWant to try using Ask Learn to clarify or guide you through this topic?\n\nAsk Learn\n\nAsk Learn\n\nSuggest a fix?\n\n***\n## Additional resources\n\n***\n- Last updated on\n  \n  05\/28\/2024\n\n## In this article\n1. [Syntax](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/xcopy#syntax)\n2. [Remarks](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/xcopy#remarks)\n3. [Examples](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/xcopy#examples)\n4. [Related links](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/xcopy#related-links)\n\nWas this page helpful?\n\nYes\n\nNo\n\nNo\n\nNeed help with this topic?\n\nWant to try using Ask Learn to clarify or guide you through this topic?\n\nAsk Learn\n\nAsk Learn\n\nSuggest a fix?\n\n## Ask Learn\nPreview\n\nAsk Learn is an AI assistant that can answer questions, clarify concepts, and define terms using trusted Microsoft documentation.\n\nPlease sign in to use Ask Learn.\n\n[Sign in](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/xcopy)\n\n[English (United States)](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/locale?target=https%3A%2F%2Flearn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fwindows-server%2Fadministration%2Fwindows-commands%2Fxcopy)\n\n[Your Privacy Choices](https:\/\/aka.ms\/yourcaliforniaprivacychoices)\n\nTheme\n\n- Light\n- Dark\n- High contrast\n\n- [AI Disclaimer](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/principles-for-ai-generated-content)\n- [Previous Versions](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/previous-versions\/)\n- [Blog](https:\/\/techcommunity.microsoft.com\/t5\/microsoft-learn-blog\/bg-p\/MicrosoftLearnBlog)\n- [Contribute](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/contribute)\n- [Privacy](https:\/\/go.microsoft.com\/fwlink\/?LinkId=521839)\n- [Consumer Health Privacy](https:\/\/go.microsoft.com\/fwlink\/?linkid=2259814)\n- [Terms of Use](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/legal\/termsofuse)\n- [Trademarks](https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/legal\/intellectualproperty\/Trademarks\/)\n- © Microsoft 2026","attrs_readable_markdown":"Copies files and directories, including subdirectories.\n\nFor examples of how to use this command, see [Examples](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/xcopy#examples).\n```\nxcopy <Source> [<Destination>] [\/w] [\/p] [\/c] [\/v] [\/q] [\/f] [\/l] [\/g] [\/d [:MM-DD-YYYY]] [\/u] [\/i] [\/s [\/e]] [\/t] [\/k] [\/r] [\/h] [{\/a | \/m}] [\/n] [\/o] [\/x] [\/exclude:FileName1[+[FileName2]][+[FileName3]]] [{\/y | \/-y}] [\/z] [\/b] [\/j] [\/compress]\n```\n| Parameter | Description |\n|---|---|\n| \\<Source\\> | Required. Specifies the location and names of the files you want to copy. This parameter must include either a drive or a path. |\n| \\[\\<Destination\\>\\] | Specifies the destination of the files you want to copy. This parameter can include a drive letter and colon, a directory name, a file name, or a combination of these. |\n| \/w | Displays the following message and waits for your response before starting to copy files: **Press any key to begin copying file(s)** |\n| \/p | Prompts you to confirm whether you want to create each destination file. |\n| \/c | Ignores errors. |\n| \/v | Verifies each file as it is written to the destination file to make sure that the destination files are identical to the source files. |\n| \/q | Suppresses the display of `xcopy` messages. |\n| \/f | Displays source and destination file names while copying. |\n| \/l | Generates a list of files that are to be copied, but doesn't actively copy the files. |\n| \/g | Creates decrypted *destination* files when the destination doesn't support encryption. |\n| \/d \\[:MM-DD-YYYY\\] | Copies source files changed on or after the specified date only. If you don't include a *MM-DD-YYYY* value, `xcopy` copies all *source* files that are newer than existing *destination* files. This command-line option allows you to update files that have changed. |\n| \/u | Copies files from *source* that exist on *destination* only. |\n| \/i | If *source* is a directory or contains wildcards and *destination* doesn't exist, `xcopy` assumes *destination* specifies a directory name and creates a new directory. Then, `xcopy` copies all specified files into the new directory. By default, `xcopy` prompts you to specify whether *destination* is a file or a directory. |\n| \/s | Copies directories and subdirectories, unless they're empty. If you omit **\/s**, `xcopy` works within a single directory. |\n| \/e | Copies all subdirectories, even if they're empty. Use **\/e** with the **\/s** and **\/t** command-line options. |\n| \/t | Copies the subdirectory structure (that is, the tree) only, not files. To copy empty directories, you must include the **\/e** command-line option. |\n| \/k | Copies files and retains the read-only attribute on *destination* files if present on the *source* files. By default, `xcopy` removes the read-only attribute. |\n| \/r | Copies read-only files. |\n| \/h | Copies files with hidden and system file attributes. By default, `xcopy` doesn't copy hidden or system files |\n| \/a | Copies only *source* files that have their archive file attributes set. **\/a** doesn't modify the archive file attribute of the source file. For information about how to set the archive file attribute by using **attrib**, see [Related links](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/xcopy#related-links). |\n| \/m | Copies *source* files that have their archive file attributes set. Unlike **\/a**, **\/m** turns off archive file attributes in the files that are specified in the source. For information about how to set the archive file attribute by using **attrib**, see [Related links](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/xcopy#related-links). |\n| \/n | Creates copies by using the NTFS short file or directory names. **\/n** is required when you copy files or directories from an NTFS volume to a FAT volume or when the FAT file system naming convention (that is, 8.3 characters) is required on the *destination* file system. The *destination* file system can be FAT or NTFS. |\n| \/o | Copies file ownership and discretionary access control list (DACL) information. |\n| \/x | Copies file audit settings and system access control list (SACL) information (implies **\/o**). |\n| \/exclude:FileName1\\[+\\[FileName2\\]\\]\\[+\\[FileName3\\]( )\\] | Specifies a list of files. At least one file must be specified. Each file contains search strings with each string on a separate line in the file. When any of the strings match any part of the absolute path of the file to be copied, that file is excluded from being copied. For example, specifying the string **obj** will exclude all files underneath the directory **obj** or all files with the **.obj** extension. |\n| \/y | Suppresses prompting to confirm that you want to overwrite an existing destination file. |\n| \/-y | Prompts to confirm that you want to overwrite an existing destination file. |\n| \/z | Copies over a network in restartable mode. |\n| \/b | Copies the symbolic link instead of the files. This parameter was introduced in Windows Vista®. |\n| \/j | Copies files without buffering. Recommended for very large files. This parameter was added in Windows Server 2008 R2. |\n| \/compress | Request network compression during file transfer where applicable. |\n| \/\\[`-`\\]sparse | Enables or disables retaining the sparse state of files during copy process. If both parameters are specified, **\/-sparse** overrides **\/sparse**. |\n| \/noclone | Doesn't attempt block cloning as an optimization. |\n| \/? | Displays help at the command prompt. |\n\n- Using **\/z**\n  If you lose your connection during the copy phase (for example, if the server going offline severs the connection), it resumes after you reestablish the connection. **\/z** also displays the percentage of the copy operation completed for each file.\n- Using **\/y** in the COPYCMD environment variable.\n  You can use **\/y** in the COPYCMD environment variable. You can override this command by using **\/-y** on the command line. By default, you're prompted to overwrite.\n- Copying encrypted files\n  Copying encrypted files to a volume that doesn't support EFS results in an error. Decrypt the files first or copy the files to a volume that does support EFS.\n- Appending files\n  To append files, specify a single file for destination, but multiple files for source (that is, by using wildcards or file1+file2+file3 format).\n- Default value for *destination*\n  If you omit *destination*, the `xcopy` command copies the files to the current directory.\n- Specifying whether *destination* is a file or directory\n  If *destination* doesn't contain an existing directory and doesn't end with a backslash (), the following message appears:\n  ```\n  Does <Destination> specify a file name or directory name on the target(F = file, D = directory)?\n  ```\n  Press F if you want the file or files to be copied to a file. Press D if you want the file or files to be copied to a directory.\n  You can suppress this message by using the **\/i** command-line option, which causes `xcopy` to assume that the destination is a directory if the source is more than one file or a directory.\n- Using the `xcopy` command to set archive attribute for *destination* files\n  The `xcopy` command creates files with the archive attribute set, whether or not this attribute was set in the source file. For more information about file attributes and **attrib**, see [Related links](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/xcopy#related-links).\n- Comparing `xcopy` and `diskcopy`\n  If you have a disk that contains files in subdirectories and you want to copy it to a disk that has a different format, use the `xcopy` command instead of `diskcopy`. Because the `diskcopy` command copies disks track by track, your source and destination disks must have the same format. The `xcopy` command doesn't have this requirement. Use `xcopy` unless you need a complete disk image copy.\n- Insufficient memory error\n  An \"insufficient memory\" error may occur if running `xcopy` to copy a file or folder whose filename path is greater than 255 characters.\n- Exit codes for `xcopy`\n  To process exit codes returned by `xcopy`, use the **ErrorLevel** parameter on the **if** command line in a batch program. For an example of a batch program that processes exit codes using **if**, see [Related links](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/xcopy#related-links). The following table lists each exit code and a description.\n  | Exit code | Description |\n  |---|---|\n  | 0 | Files were copied without error. |\n  | 1 | No files were found to copy. |\n  | 2 | The user pressed CTRL+C to terminate `xcopy`. |\n  | 4 | Initialization error occurred. There isn't enough memory or disk space, or you entered an invalid drive name or invalid syntax on the command line. |\n  | 5 | Disk write error occurred. |\n\n**1\\.** To copy all the files and subdirectories (including any empty subdirectories) from drive A to drive B, type:\n```\nxcopy a: b: \/s \/e\n```\n**2\\.** To include any system or hidden files in the previous example, add the **\/h** command-line option as follows:\n```\nxcopy a: b: \/s \/e \/h\n```\n**3\\.** To update files in the \\\\Reports directory with the files in the \\\\Rawdata directory that have changed since December 29, 1993, type:\n```\nxcopy \\rawdata \\reports \/d:12-29-1993\n```\n**4\\.** To update all the files that exist in \\\\Reports in the previous example, regardless of date, type:\n```\nxcopy \\rawdata \\reports \/u\n```\n**5\\.** To obtain a list of the files to be copied by the previous command (that is, without actually copying the files), type:\n```\nxcopy \\rawdata \\reports \/d:12-29-1993 \/l > xcopy.out\n```\nThe file xcopy.out lists every file that is to be copied.\n\n**6\\.** To copy the \\\\Customer directory and all subdirectories to the directory \\\\\\\\Public\\\\Address on network drive H:, retain the read-only attribute, and be prompted when a new file is created on H:, type:\n```\nxcopy \\customer h:\\public\\address \/s \/e \/k \/p\n```\n**7\\.** To issue the previous command, ensure that `xcopy` creates the \\\\Address directory if it doesn't exist, and suppress the message that appears when you create a new directory, add the **\/i** command-line option as follows:\n```\nxcopy \\customer h:\\public\\address \/s \/e \/k \/p \/i\n```\n**8\\.** You can create a batch program to perform `xcopy` operations and use the batch **if** command to process the exit code if an error occurs. For example, the following batch program uses replaceable parameters for the `xcopy` source and destination parameters:\n```\n@echo off\nrem COPYIT.BAT transfers all files in all subdirectories of\nrem the source drive or directory (%1) to the destination\nrem drive or directory (%2)\nxcopy %1 %2 \/s \/e\nif errorlevel 4 goto lowmemory\nif errorlevel 2 goto abort\nif errorlevel 0 goto exit\n:lowmemory\necho Insufficient memory to copy files or\necho invalid drive or command-line syntax.\ngoto exit\n:abort\necho You pressed CTRL+C to end the copy operation.\ngoto exit\n:exit\n```\nTo use the preceding batch program to copy all files in the C:\\\\Prgmcode directory and its subdirectories to drive B, type:\n```\ncopyit c:\\prgmcode b:\n```\nThe command interpreter substitutes **C:\\\\Prgmcode** for *%1* and **B:** for *%2*, then uses `xcopy` with the **\/e** and **\/s** command-line options. If `xcopy` encounters an error, the batch program reads the exit code and goes to the label indicated in the appropriate **IF ERRORLEVEL** statement, then displays the appropriate message and exits from the batch program.\n\n**9\\.** This example copies all the non-empty directories, plus files with the associated file extension after the asterisk symbol.\n```\nxcopy .\\toc*.yml ..\\..\\Copy-To\\ \/S \/Y\n\nrem Output example.\nrem  .\\d1\\toc.yml\nrem  .\\d1\\d12\\toc.yml\nrem  .\\d2\\toc.yml\nrem  3 File(s) copied\n```\nIn the preceding example, this particular source parameter value **.\\\\toc\\*.yml** copies the same 3 files even if its two path characters **.\\\\** were removed. However, no files would be copied if the asterisk wildcard was removed from the source parameter, making it just **.\\\\toc.yml**.\n\n- [Copy](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/copy)\n- [Move](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/move)\n- [Dir](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/dir)\n- [Attrib](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/attrib)\n- [Diskcopy](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/diskcopy)\n- [If](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/if)\n- [Command-Line Syntax Key](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/command-line-syntax-key)","meta_canonical":null}

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URL	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/xcopy
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Meta Title	xcopy \| Microsoft Learn
Meta Description	Reference article for xcopy, which copies files and directories, including subdirectories.
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Boilerpipe Text	Copies files and directories, including subdirectories. For examples of how to use this command, see Examples . xcopy <Source> [<Destination>] [/w] [/p] [/c] [/v] [/q] [/f] [/l] [/g] [/d [:MM-DD-YYYY]] [/u] [/i] [/s [/e]] [/t] [/k] [/r] [/h] [{/a \| /m}] [/n] [/o] [/x] [/exclude:FileName1[+[FileName2]][+[FileName3]]] [{/y \| /-y}] [/z] [/b] [/j] [/compress] Parameter Description <Source> Required. Specifies the location and names of the files you want to copy. This parameter must include either a drive or a path. [<Destination>] Specifies the destination of the files you want to copy. This parameter can include a drive letter and colon, a directory name, a file name, or a combination of these. /w Displays the following message and waits for your response before starting to copy files: Press any key to begin copying file(s) /p Prompts you to confirm whether you want to create each destination file. /c Ignores errors. /v Verifies each file as it is written to the destination file to make sure that the destination files are identical to the source files. /q Suppresses the display of xcopy messages. /f Displays source and destination file names while copying. /l Generates a list of files that are to be copied, but doesn't actively copy the files. /g Creates decrypted destination files when the destination doesn't support encryption. /d [:MM-DD-YYYY] Copies source files changed on or after the specified date only. If you don't include a MM-DD-YYYY value, xcopy copies all source files that are newer than existing destination files. This command-line option allows you to update files that have changed. /u Copies files from source that exist on destination only. /i If source is a directory or contains wildcards and destination doesn't exist, xcopy assumes destination specifies a directory name and creates a new directory. Then, xcopy copies all specified files into the new directory. By default, xcopy prompts you to specify whether destination is a file or a directory. /s Copies directories and subdirectories, unless they're empty. If you omit /s , xcopy works within a single directory. /e Copies all subdirectories, even if they're empty. Use /e with the /s and /t command-line options. /t Copies the subdirectory structure (that is, the tree) only, not files. To copy empty directories, you must include the /e command-line option. /k Copies files and retains the read-only attribute on destination files if present on the source files. By default, xcopy removes the read-only attribute. /r Copies read-only files. /h Copies files with hidden and system file attributes. By default, xcopy doesn't copy hidden or system files /a Copies only source files that have their archive file attributes set. /a doesn't modify the archive file attribute of the source file. For information about how to set the archive file attribute by using attrib , see Related links . /m Copies source files that have their archive file attributes set. Unlike /a , /m turns off archive file attributes in the files that are specified in the source. For information about how to set the archive file attribute by using attrib , see Related links . /n Creates copies by using the NTFS short file or directory names. /n is required when you copy files or directories from an NTFS volume to a FAT volume or when the FAT file system naming convention (that is, 8.3 characters) is required on the destination file system. The destination file system can be FAT or NTFS. /o Copies file ownership and discretionary access control list (DACL) information. /x Copies file audit settings and system access control list (SACL) information (implies /o ). /exclude:FileName1[+[FileName2]][+[FileName3]( )] Specifies a list of files. At least one file must be specified. Each file contains search strings with each string on a separate line in the file. When any of the strings match any part of the absolute path of the file to be copied, that file is excluded from being copied. For example, specifying the string obj will exclude all files underneath the directory obj or all files with the .obj extension. /y Suppresses prompting to confirm that you want to overwrite an existing destination file. /-y Prompts to confirm that you want to overwrite an existing destination file. /z Copies over a network in restartable mode. /b Copies the symbolic link instead of the files. This parameter was introduced in Windows Vista®. /j Copies files without buffering. Recommended for very large files. This parameter was added in Windows Server 2008 R2. /compress Request network compression during file transfer where applicable. /[ - ]sparse Enables or disables retaining the sparse state of files during copy process. If both parameters are specified, /-sparse overrides /sparse . /noclone Doesn't attempt block cloning as an optimization. /? Displays help at the command prompt. Using /z If you lose your connection during the copy phase (for example, if the server going offline severs the connection), it resumes after you reestablish the connection. /z also displays the percentage of the copy operation completed for each file. Using /y in the COPYCMD environment variable. You can use /y in the COPYCMD environment variable. You can override this command by using /-y on the command line. By default, you're prompted to overwrite. Copying encrypted files Copying encrypted files to a volume that doesn't support EFS results in an error. Decrypt the files first or copy the files to a volume that does support EFS. Appending files To append files, specify a single file for destination, but multiple files for source (that is, by using wildcards or file1+file2+file3 format). Default value for destination If you omit destination , the xcopy command copies the files to the current directory. Specifying whether destination is a file or directory If destination doesn't contain an existing directory and doesn't end with a backslash (), the following message appears: Does <Destination> specify a file name or directory name on the target(F = file, D = directory)? Press F if you want the file or files to be copied to a file. Press D if you want the file or files to be copied to a directory. You can suppress this message by using the /i command-line option, which causes xcopy to assume that the destination is a directory if the source is more than one file or a directory. Using the xcopy command to set archive attribute for destination files The xcopy command creates files with the archive attribute set, whether or not this attribute was set in the source file. For more information about file attributes and attrib , see Related links . Comparing xcopy and diskcopy If you have a disk that contains files in subdirectories and you want to copy it to a disk that has a different format, use the xcopy command instead of diskcopy . Because the diskcopy command copies disks track by track, your source and destination disks must have the same format. The xcopy command doesn't have this requirement. Use xcopy unless you need a complete disk image copy. Insufficient memory error An "insufficient memory" error may occur if running xcopy to copy a file or folder whose filename path is greater than 255 characters. Exit codes for xcopy To process exit codes returned by xcopy , use the ErrorLevel parameter on the if command line in a batch program. For an example of a batch program that processes exit codes using if , see Related links . The following table lists each exit code and a description. Exit code Description 0 Files were copied without error. 1 No files were found to copy. 2 The user pressed CTRL+C to terminate xcopy . 4 Initialization error occurred. There isn't enough memory or disk space, or you entered an invalid drive name or invalid syntax on the command line. 5 Disk write error occurred. 1. To copy all the files and subdirectories (including any empty subdirectories) from drive A to drive B, type: xcopy a: b: /s /e 2. To include any system or hidden files in the previous example, add the /h command-line option as follows: xcopy a: b: /s /e /h 3. To update files in the \Reports directory with the files in the \Rawdata directory that have changed since December 29, 1993, type: xcopy \rawdata \reports /d:12-29-1993 4. To update all the files that exist in \Reports in the previous example, regardless of date, type: xcopy \rawdata \reports /u 5. To obtain a list of the files to be copied by the previous command (that is, without actually copying the files), type: xcopy \rawdata \reports /d:12-29-1993 /l > xcopy.out The file xcopy.out lists every file that is to be copied. 6. To copy the \Customer directory and all subdirectories to the directory \\Public\Address on network drive H:, retain the read-only attribute, and be prompted when a new file is created on H:, type: xcopy \customer h:\public\address /s /e /k /p 7. To issue the previous command, ensure that xcopy creates the \Address directory if it doesn't exist, and suppress the message that appears when you create a new directory, add the /i command-line option as follows: xcopy \customer h:\public\address /s /e /k /p /i 8. You can create a batch program to perform xcopy operations and use the batch if command to process the exit code if an error occurs. For example, the following batch program uses replaceable parameters for the xcopy source and destination parameters: @echo off rem COPYIT.BAT transfers all files in all subdirectories of rem the source drive or directory (%1) to the destination rem drive or directory (%2) xcopy %1 %2 /s /e if errorlevel 4 goto lowmemory if errorlevel 2 goto abort if errorlevel 0 goto exit :lowmemory echo Insufficient memory to copy files or echo invalid drive or command-line syntax. goto exit :abort echo You pressed CTRL+C to end the copy operation. goto exit :exit To use the preceding batch program to copy all files in the C:\Prgmcode directory and its subdirectories to drive B, type: copyit c:\prgmcode b: The command interpreter substitutes C:\Prgmcode for %1 and B: for %2 , then uses xcopy with the /e and /s command-line options. If xcopy encounters an error, the batch program reads the exit code and goes to the label indicated in the appropriate IF ERRORLEVEL statement, then displays the appropriate message and exits from the batch program. 9. This example copies all the non-empty directories, plus files with the associated file extension after the asterisk symbol. xcopy .\toc.yml ..\..\Copy-To\ /S /Y rem Output example. rem .\d1\toc.yml rem .\d1\d12\toc.yml rem .\d2\toc.yml rem 3 File(s) copied In the preceding example, this particular source parameter value .\toc.yml copies the same 3 files even if its two path characters .\ were removed. However, no files would be copied if the asterisk wildcard was removed from the source parameter, making it just .\toc.yml . Copy Move Dir Attrib Diskcopy If Command-Line Syntax Key
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[Previous versions documentation](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/) - Resources - [Extended Security Updates](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/extended-security-updates) - [Windows Server Tech Community](https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/windows-server/ct-p/Windows-Server) - [Windows Server Blog](https://www.microsoft.com/windows-server/blog/) - [Windows Server datasheet](https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=2299415) [Get Windows Server](https://www.microsoft.com/windows-server) [Free trial](https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/evaluate-windows-server-2025?icid=msft_learn) - [Windows Commands](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/windows-commands) - [Command-Line Syntax Key](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/command-line-syntax-key) - Reference - Commands by Server Role - [adprep](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/adprep) - [append](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/append) - [arp](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/arp) - [assoc](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/assoc) - [at](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/at) - [atmadm](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/atmadm) - [attrib](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/attrib) - auditpol - [autochk](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/autochk) - [autoconv](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/autoconv) - [autofmt](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/autofmt) - [bcdboot](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/bcdboot) - [bcdedit](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/bcdedit) - bdehdcfg - bitsadmin - bootcfg - [break](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/break) - [cacls](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/cacls) - [call](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/call) - [cd](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/cd) - [certreq](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/certreq_1) - [certutil](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/certutil) - change - [chcp](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/chcp) - [chdir](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/chdir) - [chglogon](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/chglogon) - [chgport](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/chgport) - [chgusr](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/chgusr) - [chkdsk](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/chkdsk) - [chkntfs](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/chkntfs) - [choice](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/choice) - [cipher](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/cipher) - [cleanmgr](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/cleanmgr) - [clip](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/clip) - [cls](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/cls) - [cmd](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/cmd) - [cmdkey](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/cmdkey) - [cmstp](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/cmstp) - [color](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/color) - [comp](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/comp) - [compact](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/compact) - [copy](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/copy) - [cscript](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/cscript) - [date](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/date) - [dcdiag](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/dcdiag) - [dcgpofix](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/dcgpofix) - [dcpromo](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/dcpromo) - [defrag](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/defrag) - [del](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/del) - dfsdiag - [dfsrmig](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/dfsrmig) - [dfsutil](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/dfsutil) - [diantz](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/diantz) - [dir](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/dir) - [diskcomp](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/diskcomp) - [diskcopy](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/diskcopy) - [diskpart](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/diskpart) - diskpart scripts and examples - [diskperf](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/diskperf) - [diskraid](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/diskraid) - diskshadow - [dispdiag](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/dispdiag) - [dnscmd](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/dnscmd) - [doskey](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/doskey) - [driverquery](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/driverquery) - [dtrace](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/dtrace) - [echo](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/echo) - [edit](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/edit) - [endlocal](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/endlocal) - [erase](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/erase) - [eventcreate](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/eventcreate) - [evntcmd](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/evntcmd) - [expand](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/expand) - [extract](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/extract) - [fc](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/fc) - [find](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/find) - [findstr](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/findstr) - [finger](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/finger) - [flattemp](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/flattemp) - [fondue](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/fondue) - [for](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/for) - [forfiles](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/forfiles) - [freedisk](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/freedisk) - fsutil - ftp - [ftype](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/ftype) - [fveupdate](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/fveupdate) - [getmac](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/getmac) - [gettype](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/gettype) - [goto](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/goto) - [gpfixup](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/gpfixup) - [gpresult](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/gpresult) - [gpupdate](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/gpupdate) - [graftabl](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/graftabl) - [help](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/help) - [helpctr](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/helpctr) - [hostname](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/hostname) - [icacls](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/icacls) - [if](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/if) - [ipconfig](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/ipconfig) - [ipxroute](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/ipxroute) - [irftp](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/irftp) - [jetpack](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/jetpack) - [klist](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/klist) - ksetup - [ktmutil](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/ktmutil) - [ktpass](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/ktpass) - [label](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/label) - [lodctr](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/lodctr) - logman - [logoff](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/logoff) - [lpq](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/lpq) - [lpr](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/lpr) - [macfile](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/macfile) - [makecab](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/makecab) - manage bde - [mapadmin](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/mapadmin) - [md](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/md) - [mkdir](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/mkdir) - [mklink](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/mklink) - [mmc](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/mmc) - [mode](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/mode) - [more](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/more) - [mount](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/mount) - [mountvol](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/mountvol) - [move](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/move) - [mqbkup](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/mqbkup) - [mqsvc](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/mqsvc) - [mqtgsvc](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/mqtgsvc) - [msdt](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/msdt) - [msg](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/msg) - [msiexec](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/msiexec) - [msinfo32](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/msinfo32) - [mstsc](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/mstsc) - [nbtstat](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/nbtstat) - [net print](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/net-print) - [net user](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/net-user) - [netcfg](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/netcfg) - netdom - network shell (netsh) - [netstat](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/netstat) - [nfsadmin](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/nfsadmin) - [nfsshare](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/nfsshare) - [nfsstat](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/nfsstat) - [nlbmgr](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/nlbmgr) - nslookup - [ntbackup](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/ntbackup) - [ntcmdprompt](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/ntcmdprompt) - [ntfrsutl](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/ntfrsutl) - [openfiles](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/openfiles) - [pagefileconfig](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/pagefileconfig) - [path](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/path) - [pathping](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/pathping) - [pause](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/pause) - [pbadmin](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/pbadmin) - [pentnt](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/pentnt) - [perfmon](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/perfmon) - [ping](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/ping) - pktmon - [pnpunattend](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/pnpunattend) - [pnputil](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/pnputil) - [popd](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/popd) - [powershell](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/powershell) - [powershell ise](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/powershell_ise) - [print](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/print) - [prncnfg](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/prncnfg) - [prndrvr](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/prndrvr) - [prnjobs](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/prnjobs) - [prnmngr](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/prnmngr) - [prnport](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/prnport) - [prnqctl](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/prnqctl) - [prompt](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/prompt) - [pubprn](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/pubprn) - [pushd](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/pushd) - [pushprinterconnections](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/pushprinterconnections) - [pwlauncher](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/pwlauncher) - [qappsrv](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/qappsrv) - [qprocess](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/qprocess) - query - [quser](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/quser) - [qwinsta](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/qwinsta) - [rd](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/rd) - [rdpsign](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/rdpsign) - [recover disk group](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/recover_1) - refsutil - reg - [regini](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/regini) - [regsvr32](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/regsvr32) - [relog](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/relog) - [ren](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/ren) - [rename](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/rename) - [repair bde](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/repair-bde) - [replace](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/replace) - [rexec](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/rexec) - [risetup](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/risetup) - [rmdir](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/rmdir) - [robocopy](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/robocopy) - [route ws2008](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/route_ws2008) - [rpcinfo](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/rpcinfo) - [rpcping](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/rpcping) - [rsh](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/rsh) - [rundll32](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/rundll32) - [rundll32 printui](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/rundll32-printui) - [rwinsta](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/rwinsta) - [sc config](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/sc-config) - [sc create](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/sc-create) - [sc delete](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/sc-delete) - [sc query](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/sc-query) - schtasks - scwcmd - secedit - [serverceipoptin](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/serverceipoptin) - [servermanagercmd](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/servermanagercmd) - [serverweroptin](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/serverweroptin) - [Services for Network File System (NFS) command reference](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/services-for-network-file-system-command-reference) - [set environmental variables](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/set_1) - [setlocal](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/setlocal) - [setspn](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/setspn) - [setx](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/setx) - [sfc](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/sfc) - [shadow](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/shadow) - [shift](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/shift) - [showmount](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/showmount) - [shutdown](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/shutdown) - [simulate restore](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/simulate-restore) - [sort](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/sort) - [start](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/start) - [subst](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/subst) - [sxstrace](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/sxstrace) - [sysmon](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/sysmon) - [sysocmgr](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/sysocmgr) - [systeminfo](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/systeminfo) - [takeown](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/takeown) - tapicfg - [taskkill](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/taskkill) - [tasklist](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/tasklist) - [tcmsetup](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/tcmsetup) - telnet - [tftp](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/tftp) - [time](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/time) - [timeout](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/timeout) - [title](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/title) - [tlntadmn](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/tlntadmn) - [tpmtool](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/tpmtool) - [tpmvscmgr](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/tpmvscmgr) - [tracerpt](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/tracerpt) - [tracert](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/tracert) - [tree](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/tree) - 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You can try [signing in](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/xcopy) or [changing directories](). Access to this page requires authorization. You can try [changing directories](). # xcopy - Applies to: ✅ [Windows Server 2025](https://learn.microsoft.com/windows-server/get-started/windows-server-release-info), ✅ [Windows Server 2022](https://learn.microsoft.com/windows-server/get-started/windows-server-release-info), ✅ [Windows Server 2019](https://learn.microsoft.com/windows-server/get-started/windows-server-release-info), ✅ [Windows Server 2016](https://learn.microsoft.com/windows-server/get-started/windows-server-release-info), ✅ [Windows 11](https://learn.microsoft.com/windows/release-health/supported-versions-windows-client), ✅ [Windows 10](https://learn.microsoft.com/windows/release-health/supported-versions-windows-client), ✅ [Azure Local 2311.2 and later](https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/azure-local/release-information-23h2) Feedback Summarize this article for me ## In this article 1. [Syntax](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/xcopy#syntax) 2. [Remarks](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/xcopy#remarks) 3. [Examples](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/xcopy#examples) 4. [Related links](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/xcopy#related-links) Copies files and directories, including subdirectories. For examples of how to use this command, see [Examples](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/xcopy#examples). ## Syntax Copy ``` xcopy <Source> [<Destination>] [/w] [/p] [/c] [/v] [/q] [/f] [/l] [/g] [/d [:MM-DD-YYYY]] [/u] [/i] [/s [/e]] [/t] [/k] [/r] [/h] [{/a \| /m}] [/n] [/o] [/x] [/exclude:FileName1[+[FileName2]][+[FileName3]]] [{/y \| /-y}] [/z] [/b] [/j] [/compress] ``` ### Parameters Expand table \| Parameter \| Description \| \|---\|---\| \| \<Source\> \| Required. Specifies the location and names of the files you want to copy. This parameter must include either a drive or a path. \| \| \[\<Destination\>\] \| Specifies the destination of the files you want to copy. This parameter can include a drive letter and colon, a directory name, a file name, or a combination of these. \| \| /w \| Displays the following message and waits for your response before starting to copy files: Press any key to begin copying file(s)** \| \| /p \| Prompts you to confirm whether you want to create each destination file. \| \| /c \| Ignores errors. \| \| /v \| Verifies each file as it is written to the destination file to make sure that the destination files are identical to the source files. \| \| /q \| Suppresses the display of `xcopy` messages. \| \| /f \| Displays source and destination file names while copying. \| \| /l \| Generates a list of files that are to be copied, but doesn't actively copy the files. \| \| /g \| Creates decrypted destination files when the destination doesn't support encryption. \| \| /d \[:MM-DD-YYYY\] \| Copies source files changed on or after the specified date only. If you don't include a MM-DD-YYYY value, `xcopy` copies all source files that are newer than existing destination files. This command-line option allows you to update files that have changed. \| \| /u \| Copies files from source that exist on destination only. \| \| /i \| If source is a directory or contains wildcards and destination doesn't exist, `xcopy` assumes destination specifies a directory name and creates a new directory. Then, `xcopy` copies all specified files into the new directory. By default, `xcopy` prompts you to specify whether destination is a file or a directory. \| \| /s \| Copies directories and subdirectories, unless they're empty. If you omit /s, `xcopy` works within a single directory. \| \| /e \| Copies all subdirectories, even if they're empty. Use /e with the /s and /t command-line options. \| \| /t \| Copies the subdirectory structure (that is, the tree) only, not files. To copy empty directories, you must include the /e command-line option. \| \| /k \| Copies files and retains the read-only attribute on destination files if present on the source files. By default, `xcopy` removes the read-only attribute. \| \| /r \| Copies read-only files. \| \| /h \| Copies files with hidden and system file attributes. By default, `xcopy` doesn't copy hidden or system files \| \| /a \| Copies only source files that have their archive file attributes set. /a doesn't modify the archive file attribute of the source file. For information about how to set the archive file attribute by using attrib, see [Related links](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/xcopy#related-links). \| \| /m \| Copies source files that have their archive file attributes set. Unlike /a, /m turns off archive file attributes in the files that are specified in the source. For information about how to set the archive file attribute by using attrib, see [Related links](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/xcopy#related-links). \| \| /n \| Creates copies by using the NTFS short file or directory names. /n is required when you copy files or directories from an NTFS volume to a FAT volume or when the FAT file system naming convention (that is, 8.3 characters) is required on the destination file system. The destination file system can be FAT or NTFS. \| \| /o \| Copies file ownership and discretionary access control list (DACL) information. \| \| /x \| Copies file audit settings and system access control list (SACL) information (implies /o). \| \| /exclude:FileName1\[+\[FileName2\]\]\[+\[FileName3\]( )\] \| Specifies a list of files. At least one file must be specified. Each file contains search strings with each string on a separate line in the file. When any of the strings match any part of the absolute path of the file to be copied, that file is excluded from being copied. For example, specifying the string obj will exclude all files underneath the directory obj or all files with the .obj extension. \| \| /y \| Suppresses prompting to confirm that you want to overwrite an existing destination file. \| \| /-y \| Prompts to confirm that you want to overwrite an existing destination file. \| \| /z \| Copies over a network in restartable mode. \| \| /b \| Copies the symbolic link instead of the files. This parameter was introduced in Windows Vista®. \| \| /j \| Copies files without buffering. Recommended for very large files. This parameter was added in Windows Server 2008 R2. \| \| /compress \| Request network compression during file transfer where applicable. \| \| /\[`-`\]sparse \| Enables or disables retaining the sparse state of files during copy process. If both parameters are specified, /-sparse overrides /sparse. \| \| /noclone \| Doesn't attempt block cloning as an optimization. \| \| /? \| Displays help at the command prompt. \| ## Remarks - Using /z If you lose your connection during the copy phase (for example, if the server going offline severs the connection), it resumes after you reestablish the connection. /z also displays the percentage of the copy operation completed for each file. - Using /y in the COPYCMD environment variable. You can use /y in the COPYCMD environment variable. You can override this command by using /-y on the command line. By default, you're prompted to overwrite. - Copying encrypted files Copying encrypted files to a volume that doesn't support EFS results in an error. Decrypt the files first or copy the files to a volume that does support EFS. - Appending files To append files, specify a single file for destination, but multiple files for source (that is, by using wildcards or file1+file2+file3 format). - Default value for destination If you omit destination, the `xcopy` command copies the files to the current directory. - Specifying whether destination is a file or directory If destination doesn't contain an existing directory and doesn't end with a backslash (), the following message appears: Copy ``` Does <Destination> specify a file name or directory name on the target(F = file, D = directory)? ``` Press F if you want the file or files to be copied to a file. Press D if you want the file or files to be copied to a directory. You can suppress this message by using the /i command-line option, which causes `xcopy` to assume that the destination is a directory if the source is more than one file or a directory. - Using the `xcopy` command to set archive attribute for destination files The `xcopy` command creates files with the archive attribute set, whether or not this attribute was set in the source file. For more information about file attributes and attrib, see [Related links](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/xcopy#related-links). - Comparing `xcopy` and `diskcopy` If you have a disk that contains files in subdirectories and you want to copy it to a disk that has a different format, use the `xcopy` command instead of `diskcopy`. Because the `diskcopy` command copies disks track by track, your source and destination disks must have the same format. The `xcopy` command doesn't have this requirement. Use `xcopy` unless you need a complete disk image copy. - Insufficient memory error An "insufficient memory" error may occur if running `xcopy` to copy a file or folder whose filename path is greater than 255 characters. - Exit codes for `xcopy` To process exit codes returned by `xcopy`, use the ErrorLevel parameter on the if command line in a batch program. For an example of a batch program that processes exit codes using if, see [Related links](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/xcopy#related-links). The following table lists each exit code and a description. Expand table \| Exit code \| Description \| \|---\|---\| \| 0 \| Files were copied without error. \| \| 1 \| No files were found to copy. \| \| 2 \| The user pressed CTRL+C to terminate `xcopy`. \| \| 4 \| Initialization error occurred. There isn't enough memory or disk space, or you entered an invalid drive name or invalid syntax on the command line. \| \| 5 \| Disk write error occurred. \| ## Examples 1\. To copy all the files and subdirectories (including any empty subdirectories) from drive A to drive B, type: Copy ``` xcopy a: b: /s /e ``` 2\. To include any system or hidden files in the previous example, add the /h command-line option as follows: Copy ``` xcopy a: b: /s /e /h ``` 3\. To update files in the \\Reports directory with the files in the \\Rawdata directory that have changed since December 29, 1993, type: Copy ``` xcopy \rawdata \reports /d:12-29-1993 ``` 4\. To update all the files that exist in \\Reports in the previous example, regardless of date, type: Copy ``` xcopy \rawdata \reports /u ``` 5\. To obtain a list of the files to be copied by the previous command (that is, without actually copying the files), type: Copy ``` xcopy \rawdata \reports /d:12-29-1993 /l > xcopy.out ``` The file xcopy.out lists every file that is to be copied. 6\. To copy the \\Customer directory and all subdirectories to the directory \\\\Public\\Address on network drive H:, retain the read-only attribute, and be prompted when a new file is created on H:, type: Copy ``` xcopy \customer h:\public\address /s /e /k /p ``` 7\. To issue the previous command, ensure that `xcopy` creates the \\Address directory if it doesn't exist, and suppress the message that appears when you create a new directory, add the /i command-line option as follows: Copy ``` xcopy \customer h:\public\address /s /e /k /p /i ``` 8\. You can create a batch program to perform `xcopy` operations and use the batch if command to process the exit code if an error occurs. For example, the following batch program uses replaceable parameters for the `xcopy` source and destination parameters: Copy ``` @echo off rem COPYIT.BAT transfers all files in all subdirectories of rem the source drive or directory (%1) to the destination rem drive or directory (%2) xcopy %1 %2 /s /e if errorlevel 4 goto lowmemory if errorlevel 2 goto abort if errorlevel 0 goto exit :lowmemory echo Insufficient memory to copy files or echo invalid drive or command-line syntax. goto exit :abort echo You pressed CTRL+C to end the copy operation. goto exit :exit ``` To use the preceding batch program to copy all files in the C:\\Prgmcode directory and its subdirectories to drive B, type: Copy ``` copyit c:\prgmcode b: ``` The command interpreter substitutes C:\\Prgmcode for %1 and B: for %2, then uses `xcopy` with the /e and /s command-line options. If `xcopy` encounters an error, the batch program reads the exit code and goes to the label indicated in the appropriate IF ERRORLEVEL statement, then displays the appropriate message and exits from the batch program. 9\. This example copies all the non-empty directories, plus files with the associated file extension after the asterisk symbol. Copy ``` xcopy .\toc.yml ..\..\Copy-To\ /S /Y rem Output example. rem .\d1\toc.yml rem .\d1\d12\toc.yml rem .\d2\toc.yml rem 3 File(s) copied ``` In the preceding example, this particular source parameter value .\\toc\.yml copies the same 3 files even if its two path characters .\\ were removed. However, no files would be copied if the asterisk wildcard was removed from the source parameter, making it just .\\toc.yml. ## Related links - [Copy](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/copy) - [Move](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/move) - [Dir](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/dir) - [Attrib](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/attrib) - [Diskcopy](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/diskcopy) - [If](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/if) - [Command-Line Syntax Key](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/command-line-syntax-key) * ## Feedback Was this page helpful? Yes No No Need help with this topic? 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Readable Markdown	Copies files and directories, including subdirectories. For examples of how to use this command, see [Examples](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/xcopy#examples). ``` xcopy <Source> [<Destination>] [/w] [/p] [/c] [/v] [/q] [/f] [/l] [/g] [/d [:MM-DD-YYYY]] [/u] [/i] [/s [/e]] [/t] [/k] [/r] [/h] [{/a \| /m}] [/n] [/o] [/x] [/exclude:FileName1[+[FileName2]][+[FileName3]]] [{/y \| /-y}] [/z] [/b] [/j] [/compress] ``` \| Parameter \| Description \| \|---\|---\| \| \<Source\> \| Required. Specifies the location and names of the files you want to copy. This parameter must include either a drive or a path. \| \| \[\<Destination\>\] \| Specifies the destination of the files you want to copy. This parameter can include a drive letter and colon, a directory name, a file name, or a combination of these. \| \| /w \| Displays the following message and waits for your response before starting to copy files: Press any key to begin copying file(s) \| \| /p \| Prompts you to confirm whether you want to create each destination file. \| \| /c \| Ignores errors. \| \| /v \| Verifies each file as it is written to the destination file to make sure that the destination files are identical to the source files. \| \| /q \| Suppresses the display of `xcopy` messages. \| \| /f \| Displays source and destination file names while copying. \| \| /l \| Generates a list of files that are to be copied, but doesn't actively copy the files. \| \| /g \| Creates decrypted destination files when the destination doesn't support encryption. \| \| /d \[:MM-DD-YYYY\] \| Copies source files changed on or after the specified date only. If you don't include a MM-DD-YYYY value, `xcopy` copies all source files that are newer than existing destination files. This command-line option allows you to update files that have changed. \| \| /u \| Copies files from source that exist on destination only. \| \| /i \| If source is a directory or contains wildcards and destination doesn't exist, `xcopy` assumes destination specifies a directory name and creates a new directory. Then, `xcopy` copies all specified files into the new directory. By default, `xcopy` prompts you to specify whether destination is a file or a directory. \| \| /s \| Copies directories and subdirectories, unless they're empty. If you omit /s, `xcopy` works within a single directory. \| \| /e \| Copies all subdirectories, even if they're empty. Use /e with the /s and /t command-line options. \| \| /t \| Copies the subdirectory structure (that is, the tree) only, not files. To copy empty directories, you must include the /e command-line option. \| \| /k \| Copies files and retains the read-only attribute on destination files if present on the source files. By default, `xcopy` removes the read-only attribute. \| \| /r \| Copies read-only files. \| \| /h \| Copies files with hidden and system file attributes. By default, `xcopy` doesn't copy hidden or system files \| \| /a \| Copies only source files that have their archive file attributes set. /a doesn't modify the archive file attribute of the source file. For information about how to set the archive file attribute by using attrib, see [Related links](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/xcopy#related-links). \| \| /m \| Copies source files that have their archive file attributes set. Unlike /a, /m turns off archive file attributes in the files that are specified in the source. For information about how to set the archive file attribute by using attrib, see [Related links](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/xcopy#related-links). \| \| /n \| Creates copies by using the NTFS short file or directory names. /n is required when you copy files or directories from an NTFS volume to a FAT volume or when the FAT file system naming convention (that is, 8.3 characters) is required on the destination file system. The destination file system can be FAT or NTFS. \| \| /o \| Copies file ownership and discretionary access control list (DACL) information. \| \| /x \| Copies file audit settings and system access control list (SACL) information (implies /o). \| \| /exclude:FileName1\[+\[FileName2\]\]\[+\[FileName3\]( )\] \| Specifies a list of files. At least one file must be specified. Each file contains search strings with each string on a separate line in the file. When any of the strings match any part of the absolute path of the file to be copied, that file is excluded from being copied. For example, specifying the string obj will exclude all files underneath the directory obj or all files with the .obj extension. \| \| /y \| Suppresses prompting to confirm that you want to overwrite an existing destination file. \| \| /-y \| Prompts to confirm that you want to overwrite an existing destination file. \| \| /z \| Copies over a network in restartable mode. \| \| /b \| Copies the symbolic link instead of the files. This parameter was introduced in Windows Vista®. \| \| /j \| Copies files without buffering. Recommended for very large files. This parameter was added in Windows Server 2008 R2. \| \| /compress \| Request network compression during file transfer where applicable. \| \| /\[`-`\]sparse \| Enables or disables retaining the sparse state of files during copy process. If both parameters are specified, /-sparse overrides /sparse. \| \| /noclone \| Doesn't attempt block cloning as an optimization. \| \| /? \| Displays help at the command prompt. \| - Using /z If you lose your connection during the copy phase (for example, if the server going offline severs the connection), it resumes after you reestablish the connection. /z also displays the percentage of the copy operation completed for each file. - Using /y in the COPYCMD environment variable. You can use /y in the COPYCMD environment variable. You can override this command by using /-y on the command line. By default, you're prompted to overwrite. - Copying encrypted files Copying encrypted files to a volume that doesn't support EFS results in an error. Decrypt the files first or copy the files to a volume that does support EFS. - Appending files To append files, specify a single file for destination, but multiple files for source (that is, by using wildcards or file1+file2+file3 format). - Default value for destination If you omit destination, the `xcopy` command copies the files to the current directory. - Specifying whether destination is a file or directory If destination doesn't contain an existing directory and doesn't end with a backslash (), the following message appears: ``` Does <Destination> specify a file name or directory name on the target(F = file, D = directory)? ``` Press F if you want the file or files to be copied to a file. Press D if you want the file or files to be copied to a directory. You can suppress this message by using the /i command-line option, which causes `xcopy` to assume that the destination is a directory if the source is more than one file or a directory. - Using the `xcopy` command to set archive attribute for destination files The `xcopy` command creates files with the archive attribute set, whether or not this attribute was set in the source file. For more information about file attributes and attrib, see [Related links](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/xcopy#related-links). - Comparing `xcopy` and `diskcopy` If you have a disk that contains files in subdirectories and you want to copy it to a disk that has a different format, use the `xcopy` command instead of `diskcopy`. Because the `diskcopy` command copies disks track by track, your source and destination disks must have the same format. The `xcopy` command doesn't have this requirement. Use `xcopy` unless you need a complete disk image copy. - Insufficient memory error An "insufficient memory" error may occur if running `xcopy` to copy a file or folder whose filename path is greater than 255 characters. - Exit codes for `xcopy` To process exit codes returned by `xcopy`, use the ErrorLevel parameter on the if command line in a batch program. For an example of a batch program that processes exit codes using if, see [Related links](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/xcopy#related-links). The following table lists each exit code and a description. \| Exit code \| Description \| \|---\|---\| \| 0 \| Files were copied without error. \| \| 1 \| No files were found to copy. \| \| 2 \| The user pressed CTRL+C to terminate `xcopy`. \| \| 4 \| Initialization error occurred. There isn't enough memory or disk space, or you entered an invalid drive name or invalid syntax on the command line. \| \| 5 \| Disk write error occurred. \| 1\. To copy all the files and subdirectories (including any empty subdirectories) from drive A to drive B, type: ``` xcopy a: b: /s /e ``` 2\. To include any system or hidden files in the previous example, add the /h command-line option as follows: ``` xcopy a: b: /s /e /h ``` 3\. To update files in the \\Reports directory with the files in the \\Rawdata directory that have changed since December 29, 1993, type: ``` xcopy \rawdata \reports /d:12-29-1993 ``` 4\. To update all the files that exist in \\Reports in the previous example, regardless of date, type: ``` xcopy \rawdata \reports /u ``` 5\. To obtain a list of the files to be copied by the previous command (that is, without actually copying the files), type: ``` xcopy \rawdata \reports /d:12-29-1993 /l > xcopy.out ``` The file xcopy.out lists every file that is to be copied. 6\. To copy the \\Customer directory and all subdirectories to the directory \\\\Public\\Address on network drive H:, retain the read-only attribute, and be prompted when a new file is created on H:, type: ``` xcopy \customer h:\public\address /s /e /k /p ``` 7\. To issue the previous command, ensure that `xcopy` creates the \\Address directory if it doesn't exist, and suppress the message that appears when you create a new directory, add the /i command-line option as follows: ``` xcopy \customer h:\public\address /s /e /k /p /i ``` 8\. You can create a batch program to perform `xcopy` operations and use the batch if command to process the exit code if an error occurs. For example, the following batch program uses replaceable parameters for the `xcopy` source and destination parameters: ``` @echo off rem COPYIT.BAT transfers all files in all subdirectories of rem the source drive or directory (%1) to the destination rem drive or directory (%2) xcopy %1 %2 /s /e if errorlevel 4 goto lowmemory if errorlevel 2 goto abort if errorlevel 0 goto exit :lowmemory echo Insufficient memory to copy files or echo invalid drive or command-line syntax. goto exit :abort echo You pressed CTRL+C to end the copy operation. goto exit :exit ``` To use the preceding batch program to copy all files in the C:\\Prgmcode directory and its subdirectories to drive B, type: ``` copyit c:\prgmcode b: ``` The command interpreter substitutes C:\\Prgmcode for %1 and B: for %2, then uses `xcopy` with the /e and /s command-line options. If `xcopy` encounters an error, the batch program reads the exit code and goes to the label indicated in the appropriate IF ERRORLEVEL statement, then displays the appropriate message and exits from the batch program. 9\. This example copies all the non-empty directories, plus files with the associated file extension after the asterisk symbol. ``` xcopy .\toc.yml ..\..\Copy-To\ /S /Y rem Output example. rem .\d1\toc.yml rem .\d1\d12\toc.yml rem .\d2\toc.yml rem 3 File(s) copied ``` In the preceding example, this particular source parameter value .\\toc\.yml copies the same 3 files even if its two path characters .\\ were removed. However, no files would be copied if the asterisk wildcard was removed from the source parameter, making it just .\\toc.yml**. - [Copy](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/copy) - [Move](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/move) - [Dir](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/dir) - [Attrib](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/attrib) - [Diskcopy](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/diskcopy) - [If](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/if) - [Command-Line Syntax Key](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/command-line-syntax-key)
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