🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 168 (from laksa045)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa168.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/copy\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/copy\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/copy","crawl_time":1774004286,"first_indexed_time":1663387432,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"com,microsoft!learn,\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/copy s443","src_root_hash":"14615152987638977768","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"copy | Microsoft Learn","meta_descriptions":["Reference article for the copy command, which copies one or more files from one location to another."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Copies one or more files from one location to another.\ncopy [\/d] [\/v] [\/n] [\/y | \/-y] [\/z] [\/a | \/b] <source> [\/a | \/b] [+<source> [\/a | \/b] [+ ...]] [<destination> [\/a | \/b]]\nParameter\nDescription\n\/d\nAllows the encrypted files being copied to be saved as decrypted files at the destination.\n\/v\nVerifies that new files are written correctly.\n\/n\nUses a short file name, if available, when copying a file with a name longer than eight characters, or with a file name extension longer than three characters.\n\/y\nSuppresses prompting to confirm that you want to overwrite an existing destination file.\n\/-y\nPrompts you to confirm that you want to overwrite an existing destination file.\n\/z\nCopies networked files in restartable mode.\n\/a\nIndicates an ASCII text file.\n\/b\nIndicates a binary file.\n<source>\nRequired. Specifies the location from which you want to copy a file or set of files.\nSource\ncan consist of a drive letter and colon, a directory name, a file name, or a combination of these.\n<destination>\nRequired. Specifies the location to which you want to copy a file or set of files.\nDestination\ncan consist of a drive letter and colon, a directory name, a file name, or a combination of these.\n\/?\nDisplays help at the command prompt.\nYou can copy an ASCII text file that uses an end-of-file character (CTRL+Z) to indicate the end of the file.\nIf\n\/a\nprecedes or follows a list of files on the command line, it applies to all files listed until\ncopy\nencounters\n\/b\n. In this case,\n\/b\napplies to the file preceding\n\/b\n.\nThe effect of\n\/a\ndepends on its position in the command-line string:\n- If\n\/a\nfollows\nsource\n, the\ncopy\ncommand treats the file as an ASCII file and copies data that precedes the first end-of-file character (CTRL+Z).\n- If\n\/a\nfollows\ndestination\n, the\ncopy\ncommand adds an end-of-file character (CTRL+Z) as the last character of the file.\nIf\n\/b\ndirects the command interpreter to read the number of bytes specified by the file size in the directory.\n\/b\nis the default value for\ncopy\n, unless\ncopy\ncombines files.\nIf\n\/b\nprecedes or follows a list of files on the command line, it applies to all listed files until\ncopy\nencounters\n\/a\n. In this case,\n\/a\napplies to the file preceding\n\/a\n.\nThe effect of\n\/b\ndepends on its position in the command-line string:\n- If\n\/b\nfollows\nsource\n, the\ncopy\ncommand copies the entire file, including any end-of-file character (CTRL+Z).\n- If\n\/b\nfollows\ndestination\n, the\ncopy\ncommand doesn't add an end-of-file character (CTRL+Z).\nIf a write operation cannot be verified, an error message appears. Although recording errors rarely occur with the\ncopy\ncommand , you can use\n\/v\nto verify that critical data has been correctly recorded. The\n\/v\ncommand-line option also slows down the\ncopy\ncommand, because each sector recorded on the disk must be checked.\nIf\n\/y\nis preset in the\nCOPYCMD\nenvironment variable, you can override this setting by using\n\/-y\nat the command line. By default, you are prompted when you replace this setting, unless the\ncopy\ncommand is executed in a batch script.\nTo append files, specify a single file for\ndestination\n, but multiple files for\nsource\n(use wildcard characters or\nfile1\n+\nfile2\n+\nfile3\nformat).\nIf the connection is lost during the copy phase (for example, if the server going offline breaks the connection), you can use\ncopy \/z\nto resume after the connection is re-established. The\n\/z\noption also displays the percentage of the copy operation that is completed for each file.\nYou can substitute a device name for one or more occurrences of\nsource\nor\ndestination\n.\nIf\ndestination\nis a device (for example, Com1 or Lpt1), the\n\/b\noption copies data to the device in binary mode. In binary mode,\ncopy \/b\ncopies all characters (including special characters such as CTRL+C, CTRL+S, CTRL+Z, and ENTER) to the device, as data. However, if you omit\n\/b\n, the data is copied to the device in ASCII mode. In ASCII mode, special characters might cause files to combine during the copying process.\nIf you don't specify a destination file, a copy is created with the same name, modified date, and modified time as the original file. The new copy is stored in the current directory on the current drive. If the source file is on the current drive and in the current directory and you do not specify a different drive or directory for the destination file, the\ncopy\ncommand stops and displays the following error message:\nFile cannot be copied onto itself\n0 File(s) copied\nIf you specify more than one file in\nsource\n, the\ncopy\ncommand combines them all into a single file using the file name specified in\ndestination\n. The\ncopy\ncommand assumes the combined files are ASCII files unless you use the\n\/b\noption.\nTo copy files that are 0 bytes long, or to copy all of a directory's files and subdirectories, use the\nxcopy command\n.\nTo assign the current time and date to a file without modifying the file, use the following syntax:\ncopy \/b <source> +,,\nWhere the commas indicate that the\ndestination\nparameter has been intentionally left out.\nTo copy a file called\nmemo.doc\nto\nletter.doc\nin the current drive and ensure that an end-of-file character (CTRL+Z) is at the end of the copied file, type:\ncopy memo.doc letter.doc \/a\nTo copy a file named\nrobin.typ\nfrom the current drive and directory to an existing directory named\nBirds\nthat is located on drive C, type:\ncopy robin.typ c:\\birds\nNote\nIf the\nBirds\ndirectory doesn't exist, the file\nrobin.typ\nis copied into a file named\nBirds\nthat is located in the root directory on the disk in drive C.\nTo combine\nMar89.rpt\n,\nApr89.rpt\n, and\nMay89.rpt\n, which are located in the current directory, and place them in a file named\nReport\n(also in the current directory), type:\ncopy mar89.rpt + apr89.rpt + may89.rpt Report\nNote\nIf you combine files, the\ncopy\ncommand marks the destination file with the current date and time. If you omit\ndestination\n, the files are combined and stored under the name of the first file in the list.\nTo combine all files in\nReport\n, when a file named\nReport\nalready exists, type:\ncopy report + mar89.rpt + apr89.rpt + may89.rpt\nTo combine all files in the current directory that have the .txt file name extension into a single file named\nCombined.doc\n, type:\ncopy *.txt Combined.doc\nTo combine several binary files into one file by using wildcard characters, include\n\/b\n. This prevents Windows from treating CTRL+Z as an end-of-file character. For example, type:\ncopy \/b *.exe Combined.exe\nCaution\nIf you combine binary files, the resulting file might be unusable due to internal formatting.\nCombining each file that has a .txt extension with its corresponding .ref file creates a file with the same file name, but with a .doc extension. The\nCopy\ncommand combines\nfile1.txt\nwith\nfile1.ref\nto form\nfile1.doc\n, and then the command combines\nfile2.txt\nwith\nfile2.ref\nto form\nfile2.doc\n, and so on. For example, type:\ncopy *.txt + *.ref *.doc\nTo combine all files with the .txt extension, and then to combine all files with the .ref extension into one file named\nCombined.doc\n, type:\ncopy *.txt + *.ref Combined.doc\nCommand-Line Syntax Key\nxcopy command","attrs_markdown":"[Skip to main content](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/copy#main)   [Skip to Ask Learn chat experience](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/copy)\n\n## Microsoft Build 2026\nJune 2-3, 2026\n\nGo deep on real code and real systems in San Francisco and online\n\n[Learn more](https:\/\/aka.ms\/MSBuild_FY26_BN_MSLearn_Hero)\n\nDismiss alert\n\nThis browser is no longer supported.\n\nUpgrade to Microsoft Edge to take advantage of the latest features, security updates, and technical support.\n\n[Download Microsoft Edge](https:\/\/go.microsoft.com\/fwlink\/p\/?LinkID=2092881%20)   [More info about Internet Explorer and Microsoft Edge](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/lifecycle\/faq\/internet-explorer-microsoft-edge)\n\n[Learn](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/)\n\n[Sign in](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/copy)\n\n![]()\n\n![]()\n\n- [Profile](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/users\/me\/activity\/)\n- [Settings](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/users\/me\/settings\/)\n\n[Sign out](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/copy)\n\n[Learn](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/)\n\n- Documentation\n  \n  - [All product documentation](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/docs\/)\n  - [Azure documentation](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/azure\/?product=popular)\n  - [Dynamics 365 documentation](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/dynamics365\/)\n  - [Microsoft Copilot documentation](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/copilot\/)\n  - [Microsoft 365 documentation](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/microsoft-365\/)\n  - [Power Platform documentation](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/power-platform\/)\n  - [Code samples](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/samples\/)\n  - [Troubleshooting documentation](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/troubleshoot\/)\n  \n  Free to join. 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Commands by Server Role\n  - [adprep](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/adprep)\n  - [append](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/append)\n  - [arp](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/arp)\n  - [assoc](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/assoc)\n  - [at](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/at)\n  - [atmadm](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/atmadm)\n  - [attrib](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/attrib)\n  - auditpol\n  - [autochk](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/autochk)\n  - [autoconv](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/autoconv)\n  - 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[diantz](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/diantz)\n  - [dir](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/dir)\n  - [diskcomp](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/diskcomp)\n  - [diskcopy](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/diskcopy)\n  - [diskpart](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/diskpart)\n  - diskpart scripts and examples\n  - [diskperf](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/diskperf)\n  - [diskraid](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/diskraid)\n  - diskshadow\n  - [dispdiag](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/dispdiag)\n  - [dnscmd](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/dnscmd)\n  - [doskey](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/doskey)\n  - [driverquery](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/driverquery)\n  - [dtrace](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/dtrace)\n  - [echo](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/echo)\n  - [edit](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/edit)\n  - [endlocal](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/endlocal)\n  - [erase](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/erase)\n  - [eventcreate](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/eventcreate)\n  - [evntcmd](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/evntcmd)\n  - [expand](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/expand)\n  - [extract](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/extract)\n  - [fc](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/fc)\n  - [find](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/find)\n  - [findstr](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/findstr)\n  - [finger](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/finger)\n  - [flattemp](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/flattemp)\n  - [fondue](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/fondue)\n  - [for](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/for)\n  - [forfiles](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/forfiles)\n  - [freedisk](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/freedisk)\n  - fsutil\n  - ftp\n  - [ftype](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/ftype)\n  - [fveupdate](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/fveupdate)\n  - [getmac](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/getmac)\n  - [gettype](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/gettype)\n  - [goto](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/goto)\n  - [gpfixup](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/gpfixup)\n  - [gpresult](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/gpresult)\n  - [gpupdate](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/gpupdate)\n  - [graftabl](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/graftabl)\n  - [help](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/help)\n  - [helpctr](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/helpctr)\n  - [hostname](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/hostname)\n  - [icacls](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/icacls)\n  - [if](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/if)\n  - [ipconfig](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/ipconfig)\n  - [ipxroute](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/ipxroute)\n  - [irftp](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/irftp)\n  - [jetpack](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/jetpack)\n  - [klist](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/klist)\n  - ksetup\n  - [ktmutil](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/ktmutil)\n  - [ktpass](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/ktpass)\n  - [label](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/label)\n  - [lodctr](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/lodctr)\n  - logman\n  - [logoff](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/logoff)\n  - [lpq](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/lpq)\n  - [lpr](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/lpr)\n  - [macfile](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/macfile)\n  - [makecab](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/makecab)\n  - manage bde\n  - [mapadmin](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/mapadmin)\n  - [md](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/md)\n  - [mkdir](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/mkdir)\n  - [mklink](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/mklink)\n  - [mmc](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/mmc)\n  - [mode](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/mode)\n  - [more](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/more)\n  - [mount](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/mount)\n  - [mountvol](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/mountvol)\n  - [move](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/move)\n  - [mqbkup](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/mqbkup)\n  - [mqsvc](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/mqsvc)\n  - [mqtgsvc](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/mqtgsvc)\n  - [msdt](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/msdt)\n  - [msg](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/msg)\n  - [msiexec](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/msiexec)\n  - [msinfo32](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/msinfo32)\n  - [mstsc](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/mstsc)\n  - [nbtstat](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/nbtstat)\n  - [net print](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/net-print)\n  - [net user](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/net-user)\n  - [netcfg](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/netcfg)\n  - netdom\n  - network shell (netsh)\n  - [netstat](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/netstat)\n  - [nfsadmin](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/nfsadmin)\n  - [nfsshare](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/nfsshare)\n  - [nfsstat](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/nfsstat)\n  - [nlbmgr](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/nlbmgr)\n  - nslookup\n  - [ntbackup](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/ntbackup)\n  - [ntcmdprompt](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/ntcmdprompt)\n  - [ntfrsutl](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/ntfrsutl)\n  - [openfiles](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/openfiles)\n  - [pagefileconfig](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/pagefileconfig)\n  - [path](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/path)\n  - [pathping](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/pathping)\n  - [pause](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/pause)\n  - [pbadmin](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/pbadmin)\n  - [pentnt](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/pentnt)\n  - [perfmon](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/perfmon)\n  - [ping](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/ping)\n  - pktmon\n  - [pnpunattend](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/pnpunattend)\n  - [pnputil](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/pnputil)\n  - [popd](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/popd)\n  - [powershell](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/powershell)\n  - [powershell ise](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/powershell_ise)\n  - [print](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/print)\n  - [prncnfg](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/prncnfg)\n  - [prndrvr](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/prndrvr)\n  - [prnjobs](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/prnjobs)\n  - [prnmngr](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/prnmngr)\n  - [prnport](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/prnport)\n  - [prnqctl](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/prnqctl)\n  - [prompt](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/prompt)\n  - [pubprn](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/pubprn)\n  - [pushd](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/pushd)\n  - [pushprinterconnections](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/pushprinterconnections)\n  - [pwlauncher](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/pwlauncher)\n  - [qappsrv](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/qappsrv)\n  - [qprocess](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/qprocess)\n  - query\n  - [quser](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/quser)\n  - [qwinsta](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/qwinsta)\n  - [rd](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/rd)\n  - [rdpsign](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/rdpsign)\n  - [recover disk group](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/recover_1)\n  - refsutil\n  - reg\n  - [regini](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/regini)\n  - [regsvr32](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/regsvr32)\n  - [relog](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/relog)\n  - [ren](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/ren)\n  - [rename](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/rename)\n  - [repair bde](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/repair-bde)\n  - [replace](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/replace)\n  - [rexec](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/rexec)\n  - [risetup](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/risetup)\n  - [rmdir](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/rmdir)\n  - [robocopy](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/robocopy)\n  - [route ws2008](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/route_ws2008)\n  - [rpcinfo](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/rpcinfo)\n  - [rpcping](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/rpcping)\n  - [rsh](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/rsh)\n  - [rundll32](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/rundll32)\n  - [rundll32 printui](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/rundll32-printui)\n  - [rwinsta](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/rwinsta)\n  - [sc config](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/sc-config)\n  - [sc create](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/sc-create)\n  - [sc delete](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/sc-delete)\n  - [sc query](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/sc-query)\n  - schtasks\n  - scwcmd\n  - secedit\n  - [serverceipoptin](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/serverceipoptin)\n  - [servermanagercmd](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/servermanagercmd)\n  - [serverweroptin](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/serverweroptin)\n  - [Services for Network File System (NFS) command reference](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/services-for-network-file-system-command-reference)\n  - [set environmental variables](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/set_1)\n  - [setlocal](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/setlocal)\n  - [setspn](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/setspn)\n  - [setx](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/setx)\n  - [sfc](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/sfc)\n  - [shadow](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/shadow)\n  - [shift](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/shift)\n  - [showmount](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/showmount)\n  - [shutdown](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/shutdown)\n  - [simulate restore](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/simulate-restore)\n  - [sort](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/sort)\n  - [start](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/start)\n  - [subst](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/subst)\n  - [sxstrace](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/sxstrace)\n  - [sysmon](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/sysmon)\n  - [sysocmgr](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/sysocmgr)\n  - [systeminfo](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/systeminfo)\n  - [takeown](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/takeown)\n  - tapicfg\n  - [taskkill](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/taskkill)\n  - [tasklist](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/tasklist)\n  - [tcmsetup](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/tcmsetup)\n  - telnet\n  - [tftp](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/tftp)\n  - [time](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/time)\n  - [timeout](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/timeout)\n  - [title](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/title)\n  - [tlntadmn](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/tlntadmn)\n  - [tpmtool](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/tpmtool)\n  - [tpmvscmgr](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/tpmvscmgr)\n  - [tracerpt](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/tracerpt)\n  - [tracert](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/tracert)\n  - [tree](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/tree)\n  - [tscon](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/tscon)\n  - [tsdiscon](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/tsdiscon)\n  - [tsecimp](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/tsecimp)\n  - [tskill](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/tskill)\n  - [tsprof](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/tsprof)\n  - [type](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/type)\n  - [typeperf](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/typeperf)\n  - [tzutil](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/tzutil)\n  - [unlodctr](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/unlodctr)\n  - [ver](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/ver)\n  - [verifier](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/verifier)\n  - [verify](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/verify)\n  - [vol](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/vol)\n  - vssadmin\n  - [waitfor](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/waitfor)\n  - wbadmin\n  - wdsutil\n  - [wecutil](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/wecutil)\n  - [wevtutil](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/wevtutil)\n  - [where](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/where)\n  - [whoami](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/whoami)\n  - [winnt](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/winnt)\n  - [winnt32](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/winnt32)\n  - [winrs](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/winrs)\n  - [winsat mem](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/winsat-mem)\n  - [winsat mfmedia](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/winsat-mfmedia)\n  - [wmic](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/wmic)\n  - [wscript](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/wscript)\n  - [xcopy](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/xcopy)\n\nDownload PDF\n\nTable of contents\n\nExit editor mode\n\n1. 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You can try [changing directories]().\n# copy\n- Applies to: ✅ [Windows Server 2025](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/windows-server\/get-started\/windows-server-release-info), ✅ [Windows Server 2022](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/windows-server\/get-started\/windows-server-release-info), ✅ [Windows Server 2019](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/windows-server\/get-started\/windows-server-release-info), ✅ [Windows Server 2016](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/windows-server\/get-started\/windows-server-release-info), ✅ [Windows 11](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/windows\/release-health\/supported-versions-windows-client), ✅ [Windows 10](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/windows\/release-health\/supported-versions-windows-client), ✅ [Azure Local 2311.2 and later](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/azure\/azure-local\/release-information-23h2)\n\nFeedback\n\nSummarize this article for me\n\n## In this article\n1. [Syntax](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/copy#syntax)\n2. [Examples](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/copy#examples)\n3. [Related links](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/copy#related-links)\n\nCopies one or more files from one location to another.\n\nNote\n\nYou can also use the **copy** command, with different parameters, from the Recovery Console. For more information about the recovery console, see [Windows Recovery Environment (Windows RE)](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-hardware\/manufacture\/desktop\/windows-recovery-environment--windows-re--technical-reference).\n## Syntax\nCopy\n```\ncopy [\/d] [\/v] [\/n] [\/y | \/-y] [\/z] [\/a | \/b] <source> [\/a | \/b] [+<source> [\/a | \/b] [+ ...]] [<destination> [\/a | \/b]]\n```\n### Parameters\nExpand table\n\n| Parameter | Description |\n|---|---|\n| \/d | Allows the encrypted files being copied to be saved as decrypted files at the destination. |\n| \/v | Verifies that new files are written correctly. |\n| \/n | Uses a short file name, if available, when copying a file with a name longer than eight characters, or with a file name extension longer than three characters. |\n| \/y | Suppresses prompting to confirm that you want to overwrite an existing destination file. |\n| \/-y | Prompts you to confirm that you want to overwrite an existing destination file. |\n| \/z | Copies networked files in restartable mode. |\n| \/a | Indicates an ASCII text file. |\n| \/b | Indicates a binary file. |\n| `<source>` | Required. Specifies the location from which you want to copy a file or set of files. *Source* can consist of a drive letter and colon, a directory name, a file name, or a combination of these. |\n| `<destination>` | Required. Specifies the location to which you want to copy a file or set of files. *Destination* can consist of a drive letter and colon, a directory name, a file name, or a combination of these. |\n| \/? | Displays help at the command prompt. |\n#### Remarks\n- You can copy an ASCII text file that uses an end-of-file character (CTRL+Z) to indicate the end of the file.\n- If **\/a** precedes or follows a list of files on the command line, it applies to all files listed until **copy** encounters **\/b**. In this case, **\/b** applies to the file preceding **\/b**.\n  The effect of **\/a** depends on its position in the command-line string: - If **\/a** follows *source*, the **copy** command treats the file as an ASCII file and copies data that precedes the first end-of-file character (CTRL+Z). - If **\/a** follows *destination*, the **copy** command adds an end-of-file character (CTRL+Z) as the last character of the file.\n- If **\/b** directs the command interpreter to read the number of bytes specified by the file size in the directory. **\/b** is the default value for **copy**, unless **copy** combines files.\n- If **\/b** precedes or follows a list of files on the command line, it applies to all listed files until **copy** encounters **\/a**. In this case, **\/a** applies to the file preceding **\/a**.\n  The effect of **\/b** depends on its position in the command-line string: - If **\/b** follows *source*, the **copy** command copies the entire file, including any end-of-file character (CTRL+Z). - If **\/b** follows *destination*, the **copy** command doesn't add an end-of-file character (CTRL+Z).\n- If a write operation cannot be verified, an error message appears. Although recording errors rarely occur with the **copy** command , you can use **\/v** to verify that critical data has been correctly recorded. The **\/v** command-line option also slows down the **copy** command, because each sector recorded on the disk must be checked.\n- If **\/y** is preset in the **COPYCMD** environment variable, you can override this setting by using **\/-y** at the command line. By default, you are prompted when you replace this setting, unless the **copy** command is executed in a batch script.\n- To append files, specify a single file for *destination*, but multiple files for *source* (use wildcard characters or *file1*\\+*file2*\\+*file3* format).\n- If the connection is lost during the copy phase (for example, if the server going offline breaks the connection), you can use **copy \/z** to resume after the connection is re-established. The **\/z** option also displays the percentage of the copy operation that is completed for each file.\n- You can substitute a device name for one or more occurrences of *source* or *destination*.\n- If *destination* is a device (for example, Com1 or Lpt1), the **\/b** option copies data to the device in binary mode. In binary mode, **copy \/b** copies all characters (including special characters such as CTRL+C, CTRL+S, CTRL+Z, and ENTER) to the device, as data. However, if you omit **\/b**, the data is copied to the device in ASCII mode. In ASCII mode, special characters might cause files to combine during the copying process.\n- If you don't specify a destination file, a copy is created with the same name, modified date, and modified time as the original file. The new copy is stored in the current directory on the current drive. If the source file is on the current drive and in the current directory and you do not specify a different drive or directory for the destination file, the **copy** command stops and displays the following error message:\n  Copy\n  ```\n  File cannot be copied onto itself\n0 File(s) copied\n  ```\n- If you specify more than one file in *source*, the **copy** command combines them all into a single file using the file name specified in *destination*. The **copy** command assumes the combined files are ASCII files unless you use the **\/b** option.\n- To copy files that are 0 bytes long, or to copy all of a directory's files and subdirectories, use the [xcopy command](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/xcopy).\n- To assign the current time and date to a file without modifying the file, use the following syntax:\n  Copy\n  ```\n  copy \/b <source> +,,\n  ```\n  Where the commas indicate that the *destination* parameter has been intentionally left out.\n## Examples\nTo copy a file called *memo.doc* to *letter.doc* in the current drive and ensure that an end-of-file character (CTRL+Z) is at the end of the copied file, type:\n\nCopy\n```\ncopy memo.doc letter.doc \/a\n```\nTo copy a file named *robin.typ* from the current drive and directory to an existing directory named *Birds* that is located on drive C, type:\n\nCopy\n```\ncopy robin.typ c:\\birds\n```\nNote\n\nIf the *Birds* directory doesn't exist, the file *robin.typ* is copied into a file named *Birds* that is located in the root directory on the disk in drive C.\n\nTo combine *Mar89.rpt*, *Apr89.rpt*, and *May89.rpt*, which are located in the current directory, and place them in a file named *Report* (also in the current directory), type:\n\nCopy\n```\ncopy mar89.rpt + apr89.rpt + may89.rpt Report\n```\nNote\n\nIf you combine files, the **copy** command marks the destination file with the current date and time. If you omit *destination*, the files are combined and stored under the name of the first file in the list.\n\nTo combine all files in *Report*, when a file named *Report* already exists, type:\n\nCopy\n```\ncopy report + mar89.rpt + apr89.rpt + may89.rpt\n```\nTo combine all files in the current directory that have the .txt file name extension into a single file named *Combined.doc*, type:\n\nCopy\n```\ncopy *.txt Combined.doc\n```\nTo combine several binary files into one file by using wildcard characters, include **\/b**. This prevents Windows from treating CTRL+Z as an end-of-file character. For example, type:\n\nCopy\n```\ncopy \/b *.exe Combined.exe\n```\nCaution\n\nIf you combine binary files, the resulting file might be unusable due to internal formatting.\n\n- Combining each file that has a .txt extension with its corresponding .ref file creates a file with the same file name, but with a .doc extension. The **Copy** command combines *file1.txt* with *file1.ref* to form *file1.doc*, and then the command combines *file2.txt* with *file2.ref* to form *file2.doc*, and so on. For example, type:\n\nCopy\n```\ncopy *.txt + *.ref *.doc\n```\nTo combine all files with the .txt extension, and then to combine all files with the .ref extension into one file named *Combined.doc*, type:\n\nCopy\n```\ncopy *.txt + *.ref Combined.doc\n```\n## Related links\n- [Command-Line Syntax Key](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/command-line-syntax-key)\n- [xcopy command](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/xcopy)\n\n***\n## Feedback\nWas this page helpful?\n\nYes\n\nNo\n\nNo\n\nNeed help with this topic?\n\nWant to try using Ask Learn to clarify or guide you through this topic?\n\nAsk Learn\n\nAsk Learn\n\nSuggest a fix?\n\n***\n## Additional resources\n\n***\n- Last updated on\n  \n  02\/03\/2023\n\n## In this article\n1. [Syntax](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/copy#syntax)\n2. [Examples](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/copy#examples)\n3. [Related links](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/copy#related-links)\n\nWas this page helpful?\n\nYes\n\nNo\n\nNo\n\nNeed help with this topic?\n\nWant to try using Ask Learn to clarify or guide you through this topic?\n\nAsk Learn\n\nAsk Learn\n\nSuggest a fix?\n\n## Ask Learn\nPreview\n\nAsk Learn is an AI assistant that can answer questions, clarify concepts, and define terms using trusted Microsoft documentation.\n\nPlease sign in to use Ask Learn.\n\n[Sign in](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/copy)\n\n[English (United States)](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/locale?target=https%3A%2F%2Flearn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fwindows-server%2Fadministration%2Fwindows-commands%2Fcopy)\n\n[Your Privacy Choices](https:\/\/aka.ms\/yourcaliforniaprivacychoices)\n\nTheme\n\n- Light\n- Dark\n- High contrast\n\n- [AI Disclaimer](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/principles-for-ai-generated-content)\n- [Previous Versions](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/previous-versions\/)\n- [Blog](https:\/\/techcommunity.microsoft.com\/t5\/microsoft-learn-blog\/bg-p\/MicrosoftLearnBlog)\n- [Contribute](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/contribute)\n- [Privacy](https:\/\/go.microsoft.com\/fwlink\/?LinkId=521839)\n- [Consumer Health Privacy](https:\/\/go.microsoft.com\/fwlink\/?linkid=2259814)\n- [Terms of Use](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/legal\/termsofuse)\n- [Trademarks](https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/legal\/intellectualproperty\/Trademarks\/)\n- © Microsoft 2026","attrs_readable_markdown":"Copies one or more files from one location to another.\n```\ncopy [\/d] [\/v] [\/n] [\/y | \/-y] [\/z] [\/a | \/b] <source> [\/a | \/b] [+<source> [\/a | \/b] [+ ...]] [<destination> [\/a | \/b]]\n```\n| Parameter | Description |\n|---|---|\n| \/d | Allows the encrypted files being copied to be saved as decrypted files at the destination. |\n| \/v | Verifies that new files are written correctly. |\n| \/n | Uses a short file name, if available, when copying a file with a name longer than eight characters, or with a file name extension longer than three characters. |\n| \/y | Suppresses prompting to confirm that you want to overwrite an existing destination file. |\n| \/-y | Prompts you to confirm that you want to overwrite an existing destination file. |\n| \/z | Copies networked files in restartable mode. |\n| \/a | Indicates an ASCII text file. |\n| \/b | Indicates a binary file. |\n| `<source>` | Required. Specifies the location from which you want to copy a file or set of files. *Source* can consist of a drive letter and colon, a directory name, a file name, or a combination of these. |\n| `<destination>` | Required. Specifies the location to which you want to copy a file or set of files. *Destination* can consist of a drive letter and colon, a directory name, a file name, or a combination of these. |\n| \/? | Displays help at the command prompt. |\n\n- You can copy an ASCII text file that uses an end-of-file character (CTRL+Z) to indicate the end of the file.\n- If **\/a** precedes or follows a list of files on the command line, it applies to all files listed until **copy** encounters **\/b**. In this case, **\/b** applies to the file preceding **\/b**.\n  The effect of **\/a** depends on its position in the command-line string: - If **\/a** follows *source*, the **copy** command treats the file as an ASCII file and copies data that precedes the first end-of-file character (CTRL+Z). - If **\/a** follows *destination*, the **copy** command adds an end-of-file character (CTRL+Z) as the last character of the file.\n- If **\/b** directs the command interpreter to read the number of bytes specified by the file size in the directory. **\/b** is the default value for **copy**, unless **copy** combines files.\n- If **\/b** precedes or follows a list of files on the command line, it applies to all listed files until **copy** encounters **\/a**. In this case, **\/a** applies to the file preceding **\/a**.\n  The effect of **\/b** depends on its position in the command-line string: - If **\/b** follows *source*, the **copy** command copies the entire file, including any end-of-file character (CTRL+Z). - If **\/b** follows *destination*, the **copy** command doesn't add an end-of-file character (CTRL+Z).\n- If a write operation cannot be verified, an error message appears. Although recording errors rarely occur with the **copy** command , you can use **\/v** to verify that critical data has been correctly recorded. The **\/v** command-line option also slows down the **copy** command, because each sector recorded on the disk must be checked.\n- If **\/y** is preset in the **COPYCMD** environment variable, you can override this setting by using **\/-y** at the command line. By default, you are prompted when you replace this setting, unless the **copy** command is executed in a batch script.\n- To append files, specify a single file for *destination*, but multiple files for *source* (use wildcard characters or *file1*\\+*file2*\\+*file3* format).\n- If the connection is lost during the copy phase (for example, if the server going offline breaks the connection), you can use **copy \/z** to resume after the connection is re-established. The **\/z** option also displays the percentage of the copy operation that is completed for each file.\n- You can substitute a device name for one or more occurrences of *source* or *destination*.\n- If *destination* is a device (for example, Com1 or Lpt1), the **\/b** option copies data to the device in binary mode. In binary mode, **copy \/b** copies all characters (including special characters such as CTRL+C, CTRL+S, CTRL+Z, and ENTER) to the device, as data. However, if you omit **\/b**, the data is copied to the device in ASCII mode. In ASCII mode, special characters might cause files to combine during the copying process.\n- If you don't specify a destination file, a copy is created with the same name, modified date, and modified time as the original file. The new copy is stored in the current directory on the current drive. If the source file is on the current drive and in the current directory and you do not specify a different drive or directory for the destination file, the **copy** command stops and displays the following error message:\n  ```\n  File cannot be copied onto itself\n0 File(s) copied\n  ```\n- If you specify more than one file in *source*, the **copy** command combines them all into a single file using the file name specified in *destination*. The **copy** command assumes the combined files are ASCII files unless you use the **\/b** option.\n- To copy files that are 0 bytes long, or to copy all of a directory's files and subdirectories, use the [xcopy command](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/xcopy).\n- To assign the current time and date to a file without modifying the file, use the following syntax:\n  ```\n  copy \/b <source> +,,\n  ```\n  Where the commas indicate that the *destination* parameter has been intentionally left out.\n\nTo copy a file called *memo.doc* to *letter.doc* in the current drive and ensure that an end-of-file character (CTRL+Z) is at the end of the copied file, type:\n```\ncopy memo.doc letter.doc \/a\n```\nTo copy a file named *robin.typ* from the current drive and directory to an existing directory named *Birds* that is located on drive C, type:\n```\ncopy robin.typ c:\\birds\n```\nNote\n\nIf the *Birds* directory doesn't exist, the file *robin.typ* is copied into a file named *Birds* that is located in the root directory on the disk in drive C.\n\nTo combine *Mar89.rpt*, *Apr89.rpt*, and *May89.rpt*, which are located in the current directory, and place them in a file named *Report* (also in the current directory), type:\n```\ncopy mar89.rpt + apr89.rpt + may89.rpt Report\n```\nNote\n\nIf you combine files, the **copy** command marks the destination file with the current date and time. If you omit *destination*, the files are combined and stored under the name of the first file in the list.\n\nTo combine all files in *Report*, when a file named *Report* already exists, type:\n```\ncopy report + mar89.rpt + apr89.rpt + may89.rpt\n```\nTo combine all files in the current directory that have the .txt file name extension into a single file named *Combined.doc*, type:\n```\ncopy *.txt Combined.doc\n```\nTo combine several binary files into one file by using wildcard characters, include **\/b**. This prevents Windows from treating CTRL+Z as an end-of-file character. For example, type:\n```\ncopy \/b *.exe Combined.exe\n```\nCaution\n\nIf you combine binary files, the resulting file might be unusable due to internal formatting.\n\n- Combining each file that has a .txt extension with its corresponding .ref file creates a file with the same file name, but with a .doc extension. The **Copy** command combines *file1.txt* with *file1.ref* to form *file1.doc*, and then the command combines *file2.txt* with *file2.ref* to form *file2.doc*, and so on. For example, type:\n```\ncopy *.txt + *.ref *.doc\n```\nTo combine all files with the .txt extension, and then to combine all files with the .ref extension into one file named *Combined.doc*, type:\n```\ncopy *.txt + *.ref Combined.doc\n```\n- [Command-Line Syntax Key](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/command-line-syntax-key)\n- [xcopy command](https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/xcopy)","meta_canonical":null}

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Boilerpipe Text	Copies one or more files from one location to another. copy [/d] [/v] [/n] [/y \| /-y] [/z] [/a \| /b] <source> [/a \| /b] [+<source> [/a \| /b] [+ ...]] [<destination> [/a \| /b]] Parameter Description /d Allows the encrypted files being copied to be saved as decrypted files at the destination. /v Verifies that new files are written correctly. /n Uses a short file name, if available, when copying a file with a name longer than eight characters, or with a file name extension longer than three characters. /y Suppresses prompting to confirm that you want to overwrite an existing destination file. /-y Prompts you to confirm that you want to overwrite an existing destination file. /z Copies networked files in restartable mode. /a Indicates an ASCII text file. /b Indicates a binary file. <source> Required. Specifies the location from which you want to copy a file or set of files. Source can consist of a drive letter and colon, a directory name, a file name, or a combination of these. <destination> Required. Specifies the location to which you want to copy a file or set of files. Destination can consist of a drive letter and colon, a directory name, a file name, or a combination of these. /? Displays help at the command prompt. You can copy an ASCII text file that uses an end-of-file character (CTRL+Z) to indicate the end of the file. If /a precedes or follows a list of files on the command line, it applies to all files listed until copy encounters /b . In this case, /b applies to the file preceding /b . The effect of /a depends on its position in the command-line string: - If /a follows source , the copy command treats the file as an ASCII file and copies data that precedes the first end-of-file character (CTRL+Z). - If /a follows destination , the copy command adds an end-of-file character (CTRL+Z) as the last character of the file. If /b directs the command interpreter to read the number of bytes specified by the file size in the directory. /b is the default value for copy , unless copy combines files. If /b precedes or follows a list of files on the command line, it applies to all listed files until copy encounters /a . In this case, /a applies to the file preceding /a . The effect of /b depends on its position in the command-line string: - If /b follows source , the copy command copies the entire file, including any end-of-file character (CTRL+Z). - If /b follows destination , the copy command doesn't add an end-of-file character (CTRL+Z). If a write operation cannot be verified, an error message appears. Although recording errors rarely occur with the copy command , you can use /v to verify that critical data has been correctly recorded. The /v command-line option also slows down the copy command, because each sector recorded on the disk must be checked. If /y is preset in the COPYCMD environment variable, you can override this setting by using /-y at the command line. By default, you are prompted when you replace this setting, unless the copy command is executed in a batch script. To append files, specify a single file for destination , but multiple files for source (use wildcard characters or file1 + file2 + file3 format). If the connection is lost during the copy phase (for example, if the server going offline breaks the connection), you can use copy /z to resume after the connection is re-established. The /z option also displays the percentage of the copy operation that is completed for each file. You can substitute a device name for one or more occurrences of source or destination . If destination is a device (for example, Com1 or Lpt1), the /b option copies data to the device in binary mode. In binary mode, copy /b copies all characters (including special characters such as CTRL+C, CTRL+S, CTRL+Z, and ENTER) to the device, as data. However, if you omit /b , the data is copied to the device in ASCII mode. In ASCII mode, special characters might cause files to combine during the copying process. If you don't specify a destination file, a copy is created with the same name, modified date, and modified time as the original file. The new copy is stored in the current directory on the current drive. If the source file is on the current drive and in the current directory and you do not specify a different drive or directory for the destination file, the copy command stops and displays the following error message: File cannot be copied onto itself 0 File(s) copied If you specify more than one file in source , the copy command combines them all into a single file using the file name specified in destination . The copy command assumes the combined files are ASCII files unless you use the /b option. To copy files that are 0 bytes long, or to copy all of a directory's files and subdirectories, use the xcopy command . To assign the current time and date to a file without modifying the file, use the following syntax: copy /b <source> +,, Where the commas indicate that the destination parameter has been intentionally left out. To copy a file called memo.doc to letter.doc in the current drive and ensure that an end-of-file character (CTRL+Z) is at the end of the copied file, type: copy memo.doc letter.doc /a To copy a file named robin.typ from the current drive and directory to an existing directory named Birds that is located on drive C, type: copy robin.typ c:\birds Note If the Birds directory doesn't exist, the file robin.typ is copied into a file named Birds that is located in the root directory on the disk in drive C. To combine Mar89.rpt , Apr89.rpt , and May89.rpt , which are located in the current directory, and place them in a file named Report (also in the current directory), type: copy mar89.rpt + apr89.rpt + may89.rpt Report Note If you combine files, the copy command marks the destination file with the current date and time. If you omit destination , the files are combined and stored under the name of the first file in the list. To combine all files in Report , when a file named Report already exists, type: copy report + mar89.rpt + apr89.rpt + may89.rpt To combine all files in the current directory that have the .txt file name extension into a single file named Combined.doc , type: copy .txt Combined.doc To combine several binary files into one file by using wildcard characters, include /b . This prevents Windows from treating CTRL+Z as an end-of-file character. For example, type: copy /b .exe Combined.exe Caution If you combine binary files, the resulting file might be unusable due to internal formatting. Combining each file that has a .txt extension with its corresponding .ref file creates a file with the same file name, but with a .doc extension. The Copy command combines file1.txt with file1.ref to form file1.doc , and then the command combines file2.txt with file2.ref to form file2.doc , and so on. For example, type: copy .txt + .ref .doc To combine all files with the .txt extension, and then to combine all files with the .ref extension into one file named Combined.doc , type: copy .txt + *.ref Combined.doc Command-Line Syntax Key xcopy command
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[arp](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/arp) - [assoc](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/assoc) - [at](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/at) - [atmadm](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/atmadm) - [attrib](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/attrib) - auditpol - [autochk](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/autochk) - [autoconv](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/autoconv) - [autofmt](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/autofmt) - [bcdboot](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/bcdboot) - [bcdedit](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/bcdedit) - bdehdcfg - bitsadmin - bootcfg - [break](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/break) - [cacls](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/cacls) - [call](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/call) - [cd](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/cd) - [certreq](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/certreq_1) - [certutil](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/certutil) - change - [chcp](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/chcp) - [chdir](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/chdir) - [chglogon](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/chglogon) - [chgport](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/chgport) - [chgusr](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/chgusr) - [chkdsk](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/chkdsk) - [chkntfs](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/chkntfs) - [choice](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/choice) - [cipher](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/cipher) - [cleanmgr](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/cleanmgr) - [clip](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/clip) - [cls](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/cls) - [cmd](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/cmd) - [cmdkey](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/cmdkey) - [cmstp](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/cmstp) - [color](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/color) - [comp](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/comp) - [compact](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/compact) - [copy](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/copy) - [cscript](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/cscript) - [date](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/date) - [dcdiag](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/dcdiag) - [dcgpofix](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/dcgpofix) - [dcpromo](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/dcpromo) - [defrag](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/defrag) - [del](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/del) - dfsdiag - [dfsrmig](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/dfsrmig) - [dfsutil](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/dfsutil) - [diantz](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/diantz) - [dir](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/dir) - [diskcomp](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/diskcomp) - [diskcopy](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/diskcopy) - [diskpart](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/diskpart) - diskpart scripts and examples - [diskperf](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/diskperf) - [diskraid](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/diskraid) - diskshadow - [dispdiag](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/dispdiag) - [dnscmd](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/dnscmd) - [doskey](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/doskey) - [driverquery](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/driverquery) - [dtrace](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/dtrace) - [echo](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/echo) - [edit](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/edit) - [endlocal](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/endlocal) - [erase](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/erase) - [eventcreate](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/eventcreate) - [evntcmd](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/evntcmd) - [expand](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/expand) - [extract](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/extract) - [fc](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/fc) - [find](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/find) - [findstr](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/findstr) - [finger](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/finger) - [flattemp](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/flattemp) - [fondue](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/fondue) - [for](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/for) - [forfiles](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/forfiles) - [freedisk](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/freedisk) - fsutil - ftp - [ftype](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/ftype) - [fveupdate](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/fveupdate) - [getmac](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/getmac) - [gettype](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/gettype) - [goto](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/goto) - [gpfixup](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/gpfixup) - [gpresult](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/gpresult) - [gpupdate](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/gpupdate) - [graftabl](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/graftabl) - [help](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/help) - [helpctr](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/helpctr) - [hostname](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/hostname) - [icacls](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/icacls) - [if](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/if) - [ipconfig](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/ipconfig) - [ipxroute](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/ipxroute) - [irftp](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/irftp) - [jetpack](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/jetpack) - [klist](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/klist) - ksetup - [ktmutil](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/ktmutil) - [ktpass](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/ktpass) - [label](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/label) - [lodctr](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/lodctr) - logman - [logoff](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/logoff) - [lpq](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/lpq) - [lpr](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/lpr) - [macfile](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/macfile) - [makecab](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/makecab) - manage bde - [mapadmin](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/mapadmin) - [md](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/md) - [mkdir](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/mkdir) - [mklink](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/mklink) - [mmc](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/mmc) - [mode](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/mode) - [more](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/more) - [mount](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/mount) - [mountvol](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/mountvol) - [move](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/move) - [mqbkup](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/mqbkup) - [mqsvc](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/mqsvc) - [mqtgsvc](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/mqtgsvc) - [msdt](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/msdt) - [msg](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/msg) - [msiexec](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/msiexec) - [msinfo32](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/msinfo32) - [mstsc](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/mstsc) - [nbtstat](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/nbtstat) - [net print](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/net-print) - [net user](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/net-user) - [netcfg](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/netcfg) - netdom - network shell (netsh) - [netstat](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/netstat) - [nfsadmin](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/nfsadmin) - [nfsshare](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/nfsshare) - [nfsstat](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/nfsstat) - [nlbmgr](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/nlbmgr) - nslookup - [ntbackup](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/ntbackup) - [ntcmdprompt](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/ntcmdprompt) - [ntfrsutl](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/ntfrsutl) - [openfiles](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/openfiles) - [pagefileconfig](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/pagefileconfig) - [path](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/path) - [pathping](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/pathping) - [pause](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/pause) - [pbadmin](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/pbadmin) - [pentnt](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/pentnt) - [perfmon](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/perfmon) - [ping](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/ping) - pktmon - [pnpunattend](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/pnpunattend) - [pnputil](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/pnputil) - [popd](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/popd) - [powershell](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/powershell) - [powershell ise](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/powershell_ise) - [print](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/print) - [prncnfg](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/prncnfg) - [prndrvr](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/prndrvr) - [prnjobs](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/prnjobs) - [prnmngr](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/prnmngr) - [prnport](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/prnport) - [prnqctl](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/prnqctl) - [prompt](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/prompt) - [pubprn](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/pubprn) - [pushd](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/pushd) - [pushprinterconnections](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/pushprinterconnections) - [pwlauncher](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/pwlauncher) - [qappsrv](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/qappsrv) - [qprocess](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/qprocess) - query - [quser](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/quser) - [qwinsta](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/qwinsta) - [rd](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/rd) - [rdpsign](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/rdpsign) - [recover disk group](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/recover_1) - refsutil - reg - [regini](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/regini) - [regsvr32](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/regsvr32) - [relog](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/relog) - [ren](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/ren) - [rename](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/rename) - [repair bde](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/repair-bde) - [replace](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/replace) - [rexec](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/rexec) - [risetup](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/risetup) - [rmdir](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/rmdir) - [robocopy](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/robocopy) - [route ws2008](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/route_ws2008) - [rpcinfo](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/rpcinfo) - [rpcping](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/rpcping) - [rsh](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/rsh) - [rundll32](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/rundll32) - [rundll32 printui](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/rundll32-printui) - [rwinsta](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/rwinsta) - [sc config](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/sc-config) - [sc create](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/sc-create) - [sc delete](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/sc-delete) - [sc query](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/sc-query) - schtasks - scwcmd - secedit - [serverceipoptin](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/serverceipoptin) - [servermanagercmd](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/servermanagercmd) - [serverweroptin](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/serverweroptin) - [Services for Network File System (NFS) command reference](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/services-for-network-file-system-command-reference) - [set environmental variables](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/set_1) - [setlocal](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/setlocal) - [setspn](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/setspn) - [setx](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/setx) - [sfc](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/sfc) - [shadow](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/shadow) - [shift](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/shift) - [showmount](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/showmount) - [shutdown](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/shutdown) - [simulate restore](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/simulate-restore) - [sort](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/sort) - [start](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/start) - [subst](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/subst) - [sxstrace](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/sxstrace) - [sysmon](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/sysmon) - [sysocmgr](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/sysocmgr) - [systeminfo](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/systeminfo) - [takeown](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/takeown) - tapicfg - [taskkill](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/taskkill) - [tasklist](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/tasklist) - [tcmsetup](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/tcmsetup) - telnet - [tftp](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/tftp) - [time](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/time) - [timeout](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/timeout) - [title](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/title) - [tlntadmn](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/tlntadmn) - [tpmtool](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/tpmtool) - [tpmvscmgr](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/tpmvscmgr) - [tracerpt](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/tracerpt) - [tracert](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/tracert) - [tree](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/tree) - [tscon](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/tscon) - [tsdiscon](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/tsdiscon) - [tsecimp](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/tsecimp) - [tskill](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/tskill) - [tsprof](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/tsprof) - [type](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/type) - [typeperf](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/typeperf) - [tzutil](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/tzutil) - [unlodctr](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/unlodctr) - [ver](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/ver) - [verifier](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/verifier) - [verify](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/verify) - [vol](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/vol) - vssadmin - [waitfor](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/waitfor) - wbadmin - wdsutil - [wecutil](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/wecutil) - [wevtutil](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/wevtutil) - [where](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/where) - [whoami](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/whoami) - [winnt](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/winnt) - [winnt32](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/winnt32) - [winrs](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/winrs) - [winsat mem](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/winsat-mem) - [winsat mfmedia](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/winsat-mfmedia) - [wmic](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/wmic) - [wscript](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/wscript) - [xcopy](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/xcopy) Download PDF Table of contents Exit editor mode 1. 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You can try [signing in](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/copy) or [changing directories](). Access to this page requires authorization. You can try [changing directories](). # copy - Applies to: ✅ [Windows Server 2025](https://learn.microsoft.com/windows-server/get-started/windows-server-release-info), ✅ [Windows Server 2022](https://learn.microsoft.com/windows-server/get-started/windows-server-release-info), ✅ [Windows Server 2019](https://learn.microsoft.com/windows-server/get-started/windows-server-release-info), ✅ [Windows Server 2016](https://learn.microsoft.com/windows-server/get-started/windows-server-release-info), ✅ [Windows 11](https://learn.microsoft.com/windows/release-health/supported-versions-windows-client), ✅ [Windows 10](https://learn.microsoft.com/windows/release-health/supported-versions-windows-client), ✅ [Azure Local 2311.2 and later](https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/azure-local/release-information-23h2) Feedback Summarize this article for me ## In this article 1. [Syntax](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/copy#syntax) 2. [Examples](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/copy#examples) 3. [Related links](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/copy#related-links) Copies one or more files from one location to another. Note You can also use the copy** command, with different parameters, from the Recovery Console. For more information about the recovery console, see [Windows Recovery Environment (Windows RE)](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/manufacture/desktop/windows-recovery-environment--windows-re--technical-reference). ## Syntax Copy ``` copy [/d] [/v] [/n] [/y \| /-y] [/z] [/a \| /b] <source> [/a \| /b] [+<source> [/a \| /b] [+ ...]] [<destination> [/a \| /b]] ``` ### Parameters Expand table \| Parameter \| Description \| \|---\|---\| \| /d \| Allows the encrypted files being copied to be saved as decrypted files at the destination. \| \| /v \| Verifies that new files are written correctly. \| \| /n \| Uses a short file name, if available, when copying a file with a name longer than eight characters, or with a file name extension longer than three characters. \| \| /y \| Suppresses prompting to confirm that you want to overwrite an existing destination file. \| \| /-y \| Prompts you to confirm that you want to overwrite an existing destination file. \| \| /z \| Copies networked files in restartable mode. \| \| /a \| Indicates an ASCII text file. \| \| /b \| Indicates a binary file. \| \| `<source>` \| Required. Specifies the location from which you want to copy a file or set of files. Source can consist of a drive letter and colon, a directory name, a file name, or a combination of these. \| \| `<destination>` \| Required. Specifies the location to which you want to copy a file or set of files. Destination can consist of a drive letter and colon, a directory name, a file name, or a combination of these. \| \| /? \| Displays help at the command prompt. \| #### Remarks - You can copy an ASCII text file that uses an end-of-file character (CTRL+Z) to indicate the end of the file. - If /a precedes or follows a list of files on the command line, it applies to all files listed until copy encounters /b. In this case, /b applies to the file preceding /b. The effect of /a depends on its position in the command-line string: - If /a follows source, the copy command treats the file as an ASCII file and copies data that precedes the first end-of-file character (CTRL+Z). - If /a follows destination, the copy command adds an end-of-file character (CTRL+Z) as the last character of the file. - If /b directs the command interpreter to read the number of bytes specified by the file size in the directory. /b is the default value for copy, unless copy combines files. - If /b precedes or follows a list of files on the command line, it applies to all listed files until copy encounters /a. In this case, /a applies to the file preceding /a. The effect of /b depends on its position in the command-line string: - If /b follows source, the copy command copies the entire file, including any end-of-file character (CTRL+Z). - If /b follows destination, the copy command doesn't add an end-of-file character (CTRL+Z). - If a write operation cannot be verified, an error message appears. Although recording errors rarely occur with the copy command , you can use /v to verify that critical data has been correctly recorded. The /v command-line option also slows down the copy command, because each sector recorded on the disk must be checked. - If /y is preset in the COPYCMD environment variable, you can override this setting by using /-y at the command line. By default, you are prompted when you replace this setting, unless the copy command is executed in a batch script. - To append files, specify a single file for destination, but multiple files for source (use wildcard characters or file1\+file2\+file3 format). - If the connection is lost during the copy phase (for example, if the server going offline breaks the connection), you can use copy /z to resume after the connection is re-established. The /z option also displays the percentage of the copy operation that is completed for each file. - You can substitute a device name for one or more occurrences of source or destination. - If destination is a device (for example, Com1 or Lpt1), the /b option copies data to the device in binary mode. In binary mode, copy /b copies all characters (including special characters such as CTRL+C, CTRL+S, CTRL+Z, and ENTER) to the device, as data. However, if you omit /b, the data is copied to the device in ASCII mode. In ASCII mode, special characters might cause files to combine during the copying process. - If you don't specify a destination file, a copy is created with the same name, modified date, and modified time as the original file. The new copy is stored in the current directory on the current drive. If the source file is on the current drive and in the current directory and you do not specify a different drive or directory for the destination file, the copy command stops and displays the following error message: Copy ``` File cannot be copied onto itself 0 File(s) copied ``` - If you specify more than one file in source, the copy command combines them all into a single file using the file name specified in destination. The copy command assumes the combined files are ASCII files unless you use the /b option. - To copy files that are 0 bytes long, or to copy all of a directory's files and subdirectories, use the [xcopy command](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/xcopy). - To assign the current time and date to a file without modifying the file, use the following syntax: Copy ``` copy /b <source> +,, ``` Where the commas indicate that the destination parameter has been intentionally left out. ## Examples To copy a file called memo.doc to letter.doc in the current drive and ensure that an end-of-file character (CTRL+Z) is at the end of the copied file, type: Copy ``` copy memo.doc letter.doc /a ``` To copy a file named robin.typ from the current drive and directory to an existing directory named Birds that is located on drive C, type: Copy ``` copy robin.typ c:\birds ``` Note If the Birds directory doesn't exist, the file robin.typ is copied into a file named Birds that is located in the root directory on the disk in drive C. To combine Mar89.rpt, Apr89.rpt, and May89.rpt, which are located in the current directory, and place them in a file named Report (also in the current directory), type: Copy ``` copy mar89.rpt + apr89.rpt + may89.rpt Report ``` Note If you combine files, the copy command marks the destination file with the current date and time. If you omit destination, the files are combined and stored under the name of the first file in the list. To combine all files in Report, when a file named Report already exists, type: Copy ``` copy report + mar89.rpt + apr89.rpt + may89.rpt ``` To combine all files in the current directory that have the .txt file name extension into a single file named Combined.doc, type: Copy ``` copy .txt Combined.doc ``` To combine several binary files into one file by using wildcard characters, include /b. This prevents Windows from treating CTRL+Z as an end-of-file character. For example, type: Copy ``` copy /b .exe Combined.exe ``` Caution If you combine binary files, the resulting file might be unusable due to internal formatting. - Combining each file that has a .txt extension with its corresponding .ref file creates a file with the same file name, but with a .doc extension. The Copy command combines file1.txt with file1.ref to form file1.doc, and then the command combines file2.txt with file2.ref to form file2.doc, and so on. For example, type: Copy ``` copy .txt + .ref .doc ``` To combine all files with the .txt extension, and then to combine all files with the .ref extension into one file named Combined.doc, type: Copy ``` copy .txt + .ref Combined.doc ``` ## Related links - [Command-Line Syntax Key](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/command-line-syntax-key) - [xcopy command](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/xcopy) ## Feedback Was this page helpful? Yes No No Need help with this topic? Want to try using Ask Learn to clarify or guide you through this topic? Ask Learn Ask Learn Suggest a fix? * ## Additional resources *** - Last updated on 02/03/2023 ## In this article 1. [Syntax](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/copy#syntax) 2. [Examples](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/copy#examples) 3. [Related links](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/copy#related-links) Was this page helpful? Yes No No Need help with this topic? Want to try using Ask Learn to clarify or guide you through this topic? Ask Learn Ask Learn Suggest a fix? ## Ask Learn Preview Ask Learn is an AI assistant that can answer questions, clarify concepts, and define terms using trusted Microsoft documentation. Please sign in to use Ask Learn. 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Readable Markdown	Copies one or more files from one location to another. ``` copy [/d] [/v] [/n] [/y \| /-y] [/z] [/a \| /b] <source> [/a \| /b] [+<source> [/a \| /b] [+ ...]] [<destination> [/a \| /b]] ``` \| Parameter \| Description \| \|---\|---\| \| /d \| Allows the encrypted files being copied to be saved as decrypted files at the destination. \| \| /v \| Verifies that new files are written correctly. \| \| /n \| Uses a short file name, if available, when copying a file with a name longer than eight characters, or with a file name extension longer than three characters. \| \| /y \| Suppresses prompting to confirm that you want to overwrite an existing destination file. \| \| /-y \| Prompts you to confirm that you want to overwrite an existing destination file. \| \| /z \| Copies networked files in restartable mode. \| \| /a \| Indicates an ASCII text file. \| \| /b \| Indicates a binary file. \| \| `<source>` \| Required. Specifies the location from which you want to copy a file or set of files. Source can consist of a drive letter and colon, a directory name, a file name, or a combination of these. \| \| `<destination>` \| Required. Specifies the location to which you want to copy a file or set of files. Destination can consist of a drive letter and colon, a directory name, a file name, or a combination of these. \| \| /? \| Displays help at the command prompt. \| - You can copy an ASCII text file that uses an end-of-file character (CTRL+Z) to indicate the end of the file. - If /a precedes or follows a list of files on the command line, it applies to all files listed until copy encounters /b. In this case, /b applies to the file preceding /b. The effect of /a depends on its position in the command-line string: - If /a follows source, the copy command treats the file as an ASCII file and copies data that precedes the first end-of-file character (CTRL+Z). - If /a follows destination, the copy command adds an end-of-file character (CTRL+Z) as the last character of the file. - If /b directs the command interpreter to read the number of bytes specified by the file size in the directory. /b is the default value for copy, unless copy combines files. - If /b precedes or follows a list of files on the command line, it applies to all listed files until copy encounters /a. In this case, /a applies to the file preceding /a. The effect of /b depends on its position in the command-line string: - If /b follows source, the copy command copies the entire file, including any end-of-file character (CTRL+Z). - If /b follows destination, the copy command doesn't add an end-of-file character (CTRL+Z). - If a write operation cannot be verified, an error message appears. Although recording errors rarely occur with the copy command , you can use /v to verify that critical data has been correctly recorded. The /v command-line option also slows down the copy command, because each sector recorded on the disk must be checked. - If /y is preset in the COPYCMD environment variable, you can override this setting by using /-y at the command line. By default, you are prompted when you replace this setting, unless the copy command is executed in a batch script. - To append files, specify a single file for destination, but multiple files for source (use wildcard characters or file1\+file2\+file3 format). - If the connection is lost during the copy phase (for example, if the server going offline breaks the connection), you can use copy /z to resume after the connection is re-established. The /z option also displays the percentage of the copy operation that is completed for each file. - You can substitute a device name for one or more occurrences of source or destination. - If destination is a device (for example, Com1 or Lpt1), the /b option copies data to the device in binary mode. In binary mode, copy /b copies all characters (including special characters such as CTRL+C, CTRL+S, CTRL+Z, and ENTER) to the device, as data. However, if you omit /b, the data is copied to the device in ASCII mode. In ASCII mode, special characters might cause files to combine during the copying process. - If you don't specify a destination file, a copy is created with the same name, modified date, and modified time as the original file. The new copy is stored in the current directory on the current drive. If the source file is on the current drive and in the current directory and you do not specify a different drive or directory for the destination file, the copy command stops and displays the following error message: ``` File cannot be copied onto itself 0 File(s) copied ``` - If you specify more than one file in source, the copy command combines them all into a single file using the file name specified in destination. The copy command assumes the combined files are ASCII files unless you use the /b option. - To copy files that are 0 bytes long, or to copy all of a directory's files and subdirectories, use the [xcopy command](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/xcopy). - To assign the current time and date to a file without modifying the file, use the following syntax: ``` copy /b <source> +,, ``` Where the commas indicate that the destination parameter has been intentionally left out. To copy a file called memo.doc to letter.doc in the current drive and ensure that an end-of-file character (CTRL+Z) is at the end of the copied file, type: ``` copy memo.doc letter.doc /a ``` To copy a file named robin.typ from the current drive and directory to an existing directory named Birds that is located on drive C, type: ``` copy robin.typ c:\birds ``` Note If the Birds directory doesn't exist, the file robin.typ is copied into a file named Birds that is located in the root directory on the disk in drive C. To combine Mar89.rpt, Apr89.rpt, and May89.rpt, which are located in the current directory, and place them in a file named Report (also in the current directory), type: ``` copy mar89.rpt + apr89.rpt + may89.rpt Report ``` Note If you combine files, the copy command marks the destination file with the current date and time. If you omit destination, the files are combined and stored under the name of the first file in the list. To combine all files in Report, when a file named Report already exists, type: ``` copy report + mar89.rpt + apr89.rpt + may89.rpt ``` To combine all files in the current directory that have the .txt file name extension into a single file named Combined.doc, type: ``` copy .txt Combined.doc ``` To combine several binary files into one file by using wildcard characters, include /b. This prevents Windows from treating CTRL+Z as an end-of-file character. For example, type: ``` copy /b .exe Combined.exe ``` Caution If you combine binary files, the resulting file might be unusable due to internal formatting. - Combining each file that has a .txt extension with its corresponding .ref file creates a file with the same file name, but with a .doc extension. The Copy command combines file1.txt with file1.ref to form file1.doc, and then the command combines file2.txt with file2.ref to form file2.doc, and so on. For example, type: ``` copy .txt + .ref .doc ``` To combine all files with the .txt extension, and then to combine all files with the .ref extension into one file named Combined.doc, type: ``` copy .txt + *.ref Combined.doc ``` - [Command-Line Syntax Key](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/command-line-syntax-key) - [xcopy command](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/xcopy)
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