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Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 77 (from laksa077)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa077.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/diarrhea/antibiotics-diarrhea/\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/diarrhea/antibiotics-diarrhea/\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/diarrhea\/antibiotics-diarrhea\/","crawl_time":1775787912,"first_indexed_time":1617578862,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"org,iffgd!\/gi-disorders\/diarrhea\/antibiotics-diarrhea\/ s443","src_root_hash":"18204777464820930877","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Antibiotics & Diarrhea - IFFGD","meta_descriptions":["Question – I have recently completed a course of antibiotics prior to having a dental procedure. Now I am experiencing diarrhea. Should I be concerned?"],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Why do some antibiotics cause diarrhea and is this a cause for concern?\nQuestion\n– I have recently completed a course of antibiotics prior to having a dental procedure. Now I am experiencing diarrhea. Should I be concerned?\nAnswer\n– Antibiotic therapy is a common source of diarrhea in both hospitalized patients and outpatients. Approximately 20% of patients taking antibiotics will develop diarrhea.\nThere are two common causes of diarrhea in this setting.\nChange in normal colonic flora\n– Antibiotics can cause a change in the normal colonic flora or the type of bacteria that normally reside in the colon. Large numbers of bacteria reside in the colon, which play a very important role in maintaining the integrity of the lining (mucosa) of the colon and assisting in digestion of unabsorbed carbohydrates.\nWhen antibiotics are taken, they alter the number and types of bacteria present in the colon. The result is an impaired absorption of carbohydrates. This leads to water secretion and looser stools. The colonic bacteria are also crucial in producing organic acids, which act as vital nutrients in maintaining mucosal integrity. Should the mucosal integrity be impaired, one’s ability to reabsorb water in the colon will be limited. This can contribute to increased stool volume and diarrhea.\nC. difficile\n–\nThe second factor, which can cause diarrhea after antibiotic use, is\nC. difficile\ncolitis.\nC. difficile\nis a bacterium that can increase in number after a course of antibiotics. This bacterium produces a toxin that causes inflammatory changes in the colon. These inflammatory changes result in both impaired water reabsorption in the colon and secretion of fluid resulting in diarrhea.\nProbiotics\nProbiotics, which are microorganisms that are ingested to provide a beneficial effect, have been shown to decrease the risk of antibiotic associated diarrhea. There are numerous preparations available over-the-counter. Discuss treatment options using probiotics with your healthcare provider.\n– Thomas Puetz, MD\nLearn more about bacteria in the GI tract\nBacteria in the GI Tract\nContributor\nThomas Puetz, MD, Gastroenterology, Aurora Advanced Healthcare, Mequon, WI","attrs_markdown":"[Skip to content](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/diarrhea\/antibiotics-diarrhea\/#content)\n\n[Open toolbar](\"Accessibility Tools\")\n\nAccessibility Tools\n\n- [Increase Text](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/diarrhea\/antibiotics-diarrhea\/)\n- [Decrease Text](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/diarrhea\/antibiotics-diarrhea\/)\n- [Grayscale](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/diarrhea\/antibiotics-diarrhea\/)\n- [High Contrast](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/diarrhea\/antibiotics-diarrhea\/)\n- [Negative Contrast](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/diarrhea\/antibiotics-diarrhea\/)\n- [Light Background](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/diarrhea\/antibiotics-diarrhea\/)\n- [Links Underline](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/diarrhea\/antibiotics-diarrhea\/)\n- [Readable Font](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/diarrhea\/antibiotics-diarrhea\/)\n- [Reset](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/diarrhea\/antibiotics-diarrhea\/)\n\n[Skip to content](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/diarrhea\/antibiotics-diarrhea\/#content)\n\n[![IFFGD](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/iffgd-logo-main.png)](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/)\n\nInternational Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders\n\n- [About IFFGD](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/about-iffgd\/)\n  - [Our Mission](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/about-iffgd\/our-mission\/)\n  - [Leadership](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/about-iffgd\/leadership\/)\n  - [Funding](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/about-iffgd\/funding\/)\n  - [Ambassadors Program](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/about-iffgd\/ambassadors-program\/)\n  - [History of IFFGD](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/about-iffgd\/history\/)\n- [Contact Us](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/contact-us\/)\n\n- [About IFFGD](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/about-iffgd\/)\n  - [Our Mission](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/about-iffgd\/our-mission\/)\n  - [Leadership](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/about-iffgd\/leadership\/)\n  - [Funding](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/about-iffgd\/funding\/)\n  - [Ambassadors Program](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/about-iffgd\/ambassadors-program\/)\n  - [History of IFFGD](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/about-iffgd\/history\/)\n- [Contact Us](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/contact-us\/)\n\n[Donate](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/donate)\n\nMain Menu\n\n- [GI Disorders](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/)\n\n- [GI Disorders]()\n  - [Upper GI Disorders](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/upper-gi-disorders\/)\n    - [Achalasia](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/upper-gi-disorders\/achalasia\/)\n    - [Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome (CVS)](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/upper-gi-disorders\/cyclic-vomiting-syndrome-cvs\/)\n    - [Dyspepsia](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/upper-gi-disorders\/dyspepsia\/)\n    - [Dysphagia](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/upper-gi-disorders\/dysphagia\/)\n    - [Gastroparesis](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/upper-gi-disorders\/gastroparesis\/)\n    - [GERD](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/upper-gi-disorders\/gerd\/)\n    - [Globus](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/upper-gi-disorders\/globus\/)\n    - [Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/upper-gi-disorders\/sphincter-of-oddi-dysfunction\/)\n  - [Lower GI Disorders](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/lower-gi-disorders\/)\n    - [Bowel Incontinence](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/lower-gi-disorders\/bowel-incontinence\/)\n    - [Chronic Constipation](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/lower-gi-disorders\/constipation\/)\n    - [Chronic Diarrhea](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/lower-gi-disorders\/diarrhea\/)\n    - [Dyssynergic Defecation](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/lower-gi-disorders\/dyssynergic-defecation\/)\n    - [Centrally Mediated Abdominal Pain Syndrome (CAPS)](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/centrally-mediated-abdominal-pain-syndrome\/)\n    - [Hirschsprung’s Disease](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/hirschsprungs-disease\/)\n    - [Intestinal Pseudo-obstruction](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/lower-gi-disorders\/intestinal-pseudo-obstruction\/)\n    - [Irritable Bowel Syndrome](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/lower-gi-disorders\/irritable-bowel-syndrome\/)\n  - [Other GI Disorders](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/other-disorders\/)\n    - [Abdominal Adhesions](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/other-disorders\/abdominal-adhesions\/)\n    - [Acute Hepatic Porphyria (AHP)](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/other-disorders\/acute-hepatic-porphyria\/)\n    - [Anal Fistulas](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/other-disorders\/anal-fistulas\/)\n    - [Celiac Disease](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/other-disorders\/celiac-disease\/)\n    - [Clostridioides Difficile Infection (CDI)](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/other-disorders\/clostridium-difficile\/)\n    - [Congenital Sucrase-Isomaltase Deficiency (CSID)](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/other-disorders\/congenital-sucrase-isomaltase-deficiency-csid\/)\n    - [Diverticulosis and Diverticulitis](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/other-disorders\/diverticulosis-and-diverticulitis\/)\n    - [Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/eosinophilic-gastroenteritis\/)\n    - [Food Allergies](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/other-disorders\/food-allergies\/)\n    - [Inflammatory Bowel Disease](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/other-disorders\/inflammatory-bowel-disease\/)\n    - [Lactose Intolerance](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/other-disorders\/lactose-intolerance\/)\n    - [Malabsorption](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/malabsorption\/)\n    - [Opioid Induced Constipation](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/opioid-induced-constipation\/)\n    - [Radiation Therapy Injury](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/other-disorders\/radiation-therapy-injury\/)\n    - [Scleroderma](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/scleroderma\/)\n    - [Short Bowel Syndrome](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/other-disorders\/short-bowel-syndrome-2\/)\n    - [Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO)](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/other-disorders\/small-intestinal-bacterial-overgrowth-sibo\/)\n    - [Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/other-disorders\/sma-syndrome\/)\n    - [Volvulus](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/other-disorders\/volvulus\/)\n    - [Rare Diseases](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/other-disorders\/rare-diseases\/)\n  - [Symptoms & Causes](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/symptoms-causes\/)\n  - [The Digestive System](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/the-digestive-system\/)\n  - [The Human Gut Microbiome](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/the-human-gut-microbiome\/)\n  - [FGIMDs & Military Service](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/fgmid-and-military-service\/)\n  - [Kids & Teens](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/kids-teens\/)\n- [Manage Your Health](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/)\n  - [Your Healthcare Team](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/your-healthcare-team\/)\n    - [Working With Your Healthcare Provider](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/your-healthcare-team\/working-with-your-healthcare-provider\/)\n    - [Healthcare Provider-Patient Communication](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/your-healthcare-team\/doctor-patient-communication\/)\n    - [How to Help Your HCP Help You](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/your-healthcare-team\/how-to-help-your-doctor-help-you\/)\n    - [Helpful Insights from a GI Doctor](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/your-healthcare-team\/helpful-insights-from-a-gi-doctor\/)\n  - [GI Motility Testing: A Comprehensive Guide](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/gi-motility-tests\/)\n    - [Antroduodenal Manometry](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/gi-motility-tests\/antroduodenal-manometry\/)\n    - [Colon Manometry: 6 Common Questions](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/gi-motility-tests\/colon-manometry\/)\n    - [Hydrogen Breath Tests](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/gi-motility-tests\/hydrogen-breath-tests\/)\n    - [Upper GI Endoscopy](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/gi-motility-tests\/upper-gi-endoscopy\/)\n    - [Colonoscopies](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/gi-motility-tests\/colonoscopies\/)\n  - [Diet & Treatment Overview](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/diet-and-treatments\/)\n    - [Antacids](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/diet-and-treatments\/antacids\/)\n    - [Calcium in Non-Dairy Foods](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/diet-and-treatments\/calcium-in-non-dairy-foods\/)\n    - [Chlorophyllin: Is it Effective Odor Control?](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/diet-and-treatments\/chlorophyllin-for-odor-control\/)\n    - [Dietary Fiber](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/diet-and-treatments\/dietary-fiber\/)\n    - [NSAIDs: Good for the Joints, Bad for the Gut?](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/diet-and-treatments\/nsaids\/)\n    - [Could Probiotics Help Alleviate your Functional Gastrointestinal Symptoms?](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/diet-and-treatments\/could-probiotics-help-your-symptoms\/)\n    - [Use of Probiotics in Managing Gastrointestinal Symptoms](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/diet-and-treatments\/use-of-probiotics-in-managing-gastrointestinal-symptoms\/)\n      - [Tips to Help Find a Credible Probiotic Product](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/diet-and-treatments\/tips-to-help-find-a-credible-probiotic-product\/)\n      - [Probiotics and Traveller’s Diarrhea](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/diet-and-treatments\/probiotics-and-traveller-s-diarrhea\/)\n      - [Relaxation For Digestive Disorders: Top 10 Behaviors](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/diet-and-treatments\/relaxation-to-treat-digestive-disorders\/)\n      - [Getting the Most Out of Your Medications](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/diet-and-treatments\/medications\/)\n        - [A Guide to Managing the Benefits and Risks of Medicines](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/diet-and-treatments\/medications\/managing-medications\/)\n        - [Be an Active Member of Your Healthcare Team](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/diet-and-treatments\/medications\/safer-medicine\/)\n        - [Avoiding Drug Adverse Effects](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/diet-and-treatments\/medications\/avoiding-drug-adverse-effects\/)\n        - [Medications that can Affect Colonic Function](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/diet-and-treatments\/medications\/medications-that-can-affect-colonic-function\/)\n      - [FGIDs, Microbes, and Brain-Gut Interactions](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/diet-and-treatments\/gut-microbiota\/)\n  - [Personal Stories](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/personal-stories\/)\n  - [Tips & Daily Living with GI and Motility Disorders](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/tips-and-daily-living\/)\n    - [Digital Health Technology for Improving FGIDs](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/tips-and-daily-living\/digital-health-technology-for-improving-fgids\/)\n    - [Personal Relationships and Digestive Disorders](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/tips-and-daily-living\/personal-relationships\/)\n    - [Enjoying the Holidays with Digestive Disorders](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/tips-and-daily-living\/holiday-tips\/)\n    - [Exercise & GI Symptoms](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/tips-and-daily-living\/exercise-gi-symptoms\/)\n    - [Health Reporting in the Media: What to Believe?](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/tips-and-daily-living\/how-to-judge-health-reports-in-the-media\/)\n    - [Evaluating Health Information Online: A Quick Guide to a Trustworthy Source](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/tips-and-daily-living\/evaluating-health-information-online\/)\n  - [Qualifying for Social Security Benefits with a GI Disorder](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/social-security-benefits-ssd\/)\n  - [Traveling with your GI Disorder: TSA Information](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/traveling-with-your-gi-disorder-tsa-information\/)\n- [Resources](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/)\n  - [Publications Library](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/publication-library\/)\n  - [Video Corner](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/video-library\/)\n  - [Dietitians Listing](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/dietitian-listing\/)\n  - [IFFGD FREE eNewsletters](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/iffgd-enewsletters\/)\n    - [Digestive Health Monthly eNewsletter](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/iffgd-enewsletters\/digestive-health-monthly\/)\n  - [Patient Resources & Organizations](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/patient-resources-organizations\/)\n    - [IFFGD Websites](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/patient-resources-organizations\/iffgd-sites\/)\n    - [Government Institutions](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/links\/government-institutions\/)\n    - [Educational Organizations](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/links\/educational-organizations\/)\n    - [Professional Nonprofit Organizations](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/links\/professional-nonprofits\/)\n    - [Other Nonprofits That Can Help](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/patient-resources-organizations\/other-disorders-nonprofits\/)\n    - [Support Groups for GI Conditions: Connect & Get Help](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/patient-resources-organizations\/support-groups-getting-the-help-you-need\/)\n    - [Restaurant and Restroom Access Cards](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/patient-resources-organizations\/restaurant-and-restroom-access-cards\/)\n    - [IFFGD’s Web Linking Policy](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/patient-resources-organizations\/links\/)\n    - [Clinical Corner – FAQs](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/clinical-corner\/)\n      - [Medical Definitions](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/medical-definitions-glossary-dictionary\/)\n    - [Books of Interest](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/books-of-interest\/)\n  - [Reporter’s Guides](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/reporters-guides\/)\n  - [En Español](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/en-espanol\/)\n    - [Diarrea](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/en-espanol\/diarrea\/)\n    - [Diarrea Funcional](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/en-espanol\/diarrea-funcional\/)\n    - [respondes-con-el-intestino](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/en-espanol\/respondes-con-el-intestinoae\/)\n    - [Incontinencia Fecal y la Edad](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/en-espanol\/incontinencia-fecal-y-la-edad\/)\n    - [Diverticulosis y Diverticulitis](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/en-espanol\/diverticulosis-y-diverticulitis\/)\n    - [Viviendo y Sobrellevando la Incontinencia](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/en-espanol\/viviendo-y-sobrellevando-la-incontinencia\/)\n    - [Manejo y Tratamiento Medico de la Incontinencia](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/en-espanol\/manejo-y-tratamiento-medico-de-la-incontinencia\/)\n    - [Gas](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/en-espanol\/gas\/)\n    - [Cambios en el Control de los Esfínteres por el Parto](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/en-espanol\/cambios-en-el-control-de-los-esfinteres-por-el-parto\/)\n    - [Como Hablar con tu Medico Acerca de la Incontinencia](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/en-espanol\/como-hablar-con-tu-medico-acerca-de-la-incontinencia\/)\n    - [Biofeedback, incontinencia, y la perspectiva del paciente.](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/en-espanol\/biofeedback-incontinencia-y-la-perspectiva-del-paciente\/)\n    - [Tratamiento la Dispepsia Funcional: Cuáles son sus opciones?](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/en-espanol\/tratamiento-la-dispepsia-funcional-cuales-son-sus-opciones\/)\n    - [Constipación, inercia colónica y estudios con marcadores colónicos](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/en-espanol\/constipacion-inercia-colonica-y-estudios-con-marcadores-colonicos\/)\n    - [Estrenimiento](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/en-espanol\/estrenimiento\/)\n  - [Survey Corner](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/survey-corner\/)\n  - [DDH Chat](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/ddh-chat\/)\n- [News](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/news\/)\n  - [Advocacy](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/news\/advocacy\/)\n  - [Medical and Treatment](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/news\/medical-and-treatment\/)\n  - [Events](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/events\/)\n  - [Press Release](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/news\/press-release\/)\n  - [For Media](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/news\/for-media\/)\n- [Norton Education Series](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/norton-education-series\/)\n  - [2025 NES: Overview of GI Symptoms](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/norton-education-series\/2025-nes-overview-of-gi-symptoms\/)\n  - [2023 NES: Gut Microbiome](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/norton-education-series\/2023-nes-gut-microbiome\/)\n  - [2022 NES Irritable Bowel Syndrome Event](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/norton-education-series\/2022-nes-irritable-bowel-syndrome-event\/)\n    - [2022 NES: IBS Sponsors and Exhibitors Hall](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/norton-education-series\/2022-nes-irritable-bowel-syndrome-event\/2022-nes-ibs-sponsors-and-exhibitors-hall\/)\n  - [2021 NES IFFGD 30th Anniversary Event](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/norton-education-series\/nes-education-30-anniversary\/)\n    - [2021 NES: Industry Sponsors & Exhibitors Hall](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/norton-education-series\/2021-nes-industry-exhibitor-hall\/)\n  - [2021 NES IFFGD 30th Anniversary Event – Pediatric Edition](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/norton-education-series\/2021-nes-iffgd-30th-anniversary-event-pediatric-edition\/)\n  - [2020 NES: Diet, Nutrition and Digestive Health](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/norton-education-series\/nes-program-speakers\/nes-education-program\/)\n    - [2020 NES Michigan Speakers](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/norton-education-series\/nes-program-speakers\/)\n- [Research](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/research\/)\n  - [IFFGDs Nancy and Bill Norton Research Program](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/research\/research-program-awards\/)\n    - [IFFGD 2026 GI Research Grant](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/research\/research-program-awards\/iffgd_2026_gi_research_grant\/)\n    - [IFFGD 2026 Preceptorship Award](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/research\/research-program-awards\/iffgd-2026-preceptorship-award-apply-now\/)\n    - [IFFGD 2026 Travel Awards](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/research\/research-program-awards\/iffgd_2026_travel_awards\/)\n    - [IFFGD Research Awards & Grants](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/research\/research-program-awards\/research-awards-grants\/)\n    - [IFFGD Travel Awards](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/research\/research-program-awards\/iffgd-travel-awards\/)\n    - [IFFGD Preceptorship Award](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/research\/research-awards\/2024-iffgd-preceptorship-award\/)\n  - [Clinical Trials and Studies](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/research\/clinical-trials-and-studies\/)\n    - [Guide to Randomized Clinical Trials](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/research\/clinical-trials-and-studies\/guide-to-randomized-clinical-trials\/)\n  - [Funding Opportunities Outside of IFFGD](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/research\/research-program-awards\/other-research-grant-opportunities\/)\n  - [Research in the Community](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/research\/community-research\/)\n  - [Understanding Research Funding](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/research\/funding-research\/)\n- [Get involved](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/get-involved\/)\n  - [Join the Campaign: From Advocacy to Action](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/get-involved\/join-the-campaign-from-advocacy-to-action\/)\n  - [Events & Activities](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/get-involved\/events-activities\/)\n    - [IFFGD’s 2026 Virtual Advocacy & Education Event](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/get-involved\/events-activities\/iffgds-2026-virtual-advocacy-education-event\/)\n    - [IFFGD’s 2026 Virtual Digestive Health Wellness and Walk Event](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/get-involved\/events-activities\/iffgds-2026-virtual-digestive-health-wellness-and-walk-event\/)\n    - [IFFGD’s Virtual Health & Wellness Events](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/get-involved\/iffgds-virtual-health-wellness-events\/)\n  - [Young Advocates in GI](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/get-involved\/young-advocates-in-gi\/)\n  - [Advocate for Digestive Health](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/get-involved\/advocate-for-digestive-health\/)\n    - [Capitol Hill Advocacy Day](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/get-involved\/advocate-for-digestive-health\/advocacy-education\/capitol-hill-advocacy-day\/)\n    - [Legislative Agenda](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/get-involved\/advocate-for-digestive-health\/legislative-agenda\/)\n      - [FGIMD Act (Functional Gastrointestinal and Motility Disorders Research Enhancement Act)](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/get-involved\/advocate-for-digestive-health\/legislative-agenda\/fgimd-act\/)\n    - [Advocacy Education](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/get-involved\/advocate-for-digestive-health\/advocacy-education\/)\n    - [Advocates in Action](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/get-involved\/advocate-for-digestive-health\/advocates-in-action\/)\n    - [IFFGD in Washington](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/get-involved\/advocate-for-digestive-health\/iffgd-in-washington\/)\n  - [Raising Awareness: Empower Change](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/get-involved\/raising-awareness\/)\n    - [Awareness Months](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/get-involved\/raising-awareness\/awareness-months\/)\n      - [GERD Awareness Week](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/get-involved\/raising-awareness\/awareness-months\/gerd-awareness-week\/)\n      - [April is IBS Awareness Month](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/get-involved\/raising-awareness\/awareness-months\/ibs-awareness-month\/)\n      - [Gastroparesis Awareness Month](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/get-involved\/raising-awareness\/awareness-months\/gastroparesis-awareness-month\/)\n    - [Art of GI – Inspiration from the Heart of Patients](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/the-art-of-fgids\/)\n  - [Support & Fundraising](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/get-involved\/support-fundraising\/)\n  - [Stay Connected: Join Our Community](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/get-involved\/stay-connected\/)\n- [About IFFGD](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/about-iffgd\/)\n- [Contact Us](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/contact-us\/)\n- [Donate](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/get-involved\/make-a-donation\/)\n\n- [GI Disorders]()\n  - [Upper GI Disorders](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/upper-gi-disorders\/)\n    - [Achalasia](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/upper-gi-disorders\/achalasia\/)\n    - [Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome (CVS)](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/upper-gi-disorders\/cyclic-vomiting-syndrome-cvs\/)\n    - [Dyspepsia](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/upper-gi-disorders\/dyspepsia\/)\n    - [Dysphagia](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/upper-gi-disorders\/dysphagia\/)\n    - [Gastroparesis](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/upper-gi-disorders\/gastroparesis\/)\n    - [GERD](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/upper-gi-disorders\/gerd\/)\n    - [Globus](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/upper-gi-disorders\/globus\/)\n    - [Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/upper-gi-disorders\/sphincter-of-oddi-dysfunction\/)\n  - [Lower GI Disorders](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/lower-gi-disorders\/)\n    - [Bowel Incontinence](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/lower-gi-disorders\/bowel-incontinence\/)\n    - [Chronic Constipation](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/lower-gi-disorders\/constipation\/)\n    - [Chronic Diarrhea](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/lower-gi-disorders\/diarrhea\/)\n    - [Dyssynergic Defecation](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/lower-gi-disorders\/dyssynergic-defecation\/)\n    - [Centrally Mediated Abdominal Pain Syndrome (CAPS)](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/centrally-mediated-abdominal-pain-syndrome\/)\n    - [Hirschsprung’s Disease](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/hirschsprungs-disease\/)\n    - [Intestinal Pseudo-obstruction](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/lower-gi-disorders\/intestinal-pseudo-obstruction\/)\n    - [Irritable Bowel Syndrome](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/lower-gi-disorders\/irritable-bowel-syndrome\/)\n  - [Other GI Disorders](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/other-disorders\/)\n    - [Abdominal Adhesions](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/other-disorders\/abdominal-adhesions\/)\n    - [Acute Hepatic Porphyria (AHP)](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/other-disorders\/acute-hepatic-porphyria\/)\n    - [Anal Fistulas](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/other-disorders\/anal-fistulas\/)\n    - [Celiac Disease](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/other-disorders\/celiac-disease\/)\n    - [Clostridioides Difficile Infection (CDI)](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/other-disorders\/clostridium-difficile\/)\n    - [Congenital Sucrase-Isomaltase Deficiency (CSID)](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/other-disorders\/congenital-sucrase-isomaltase-deficiency-csid\/)\n    - [Diverticulosis and Diverticulitis](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/other-disorders\/diverticulosis-and-diverticulitis\/)\n    - [Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/eosinophilic-gastroenteritis\/)\n    - [Food Allergies](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/other-disorders\/food-allergies\/)\n    - [Inflammatory Bowel Disease](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/other-disorders\/inflammatory-bowel-disease\/)\n    - [Lactose Intolerance](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/other-disorders\/lactose-intolerance\/)\n    - [Malabsorption](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/malabsorption\/)\n    - [Opioid Induced Constipation](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/opioid-induced-constipation\/)\n    - [Radiation Therapy Injury](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/other-disorders\/radiation-therapy-injury\/)\n    - [Scleroderma](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/scleroderma\/)\n    - [Short Bowel Syndrome](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/other-disorders\/short-bowel-syndrome-2\/)\n    - [Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO)](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/other-disorders\/small-intestinal-bacterial-overgrowth-sibo\/)\n    - [Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/other-disorders\/sma-syndrome\/)\n    - [Volvulus](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/other-disorders\/volvulus\/)\n    - [Rare Diseases](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/other-disorders\/rare-diseases\/)\n  - [Symptoms & Causes](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/symptoms-causes\/)\n  - [The Digestive System](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/the-digestive-system\/)\n  - [The Human Gut Microbiome](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/the-human-gut-microbiome\/)\n  - [FGIMDs & Military Service](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/fgmid-and-military-service\/)\n  - [Kids & Teens](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/kids-teens\/)\n- [Manage Your Health](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/)\n  - [Your Healthcare Team](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/your-healthcare-team\/)\n    - [Working With Your Healthcare Provider](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/your-healthcare-team\/working-with-your-healthcare-provider\/)\n    - [Healthcare Provider-Patient Communication](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/your-healthcare-team\/doctor-patient-communication\/)\n    - [How to Help Your HCP Help You](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/your-healthcare-team\/how-to-help-your-doctor-help-you\/)\n    - [Helpful Insights from a GI Doctor](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/your-healthcare-team\/helpful-insights-from-a-gi-doctor\/)\n  - [GI Motility Testing: A Comprehensive Guide](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/gi-motility-tests\/)\n    - [Antroduodenal Manometry](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/gi-motility-tests\/antroduodenal-manometry\/)\n    - [Colon Manometry: 6 Common Questions](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/gi-motility-tests\/colon-manometry\/)\n    - [Hydrogen Breath Tests](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/gi-motility-tests\/hydrogen-breath-tests\/)\n    - [Upper GI Endoscopy](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/gi-motility-tests\/upper-gi-endoscopy\/)\n    - [Colonoscopies](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/gi-motility-tests\/colonoscopies\/)\n  - [Diet & Treatment Overview](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/diet-and-treatments\/)\n    - [Antacids](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/diet-and-treatments\/antacids\/)\n    - [Calcium in Non-Dairy Foods](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/diet-and-treatments\/calcium-in-non-dairy-foods\/)\n    - [Chlorophyllin: Is it Effective Odor Control?](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/diet-and-treatments\/chlorophyllin-for-odor-control\/)\n    - [Dietary Fiber](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/diet-and-treatments\/dietary-fiber\/)\n    - [NSAIDs: Good for the Joints, Bad for the Gut?](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/diet-and-treatments\/nsaids\/)\n    - [Could Probiotics Help Alleviate your Functional Gastrointestinal Symptoms?](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/diet-and-treatments\/could-probiotics-help-your-symptoms\/)\n    - [Use of Probiotics in Managing Gastrointestinal Symptoms](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/diet-and-treatments\/use-of-probiotics-in-managing-gastrointestinal-symptoms\/)\n      - [Tips to Help Find a Credible Probiotic Product](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/diet-and-treatments\/tips-to-help-find-a-credible-probiotic-product\/)\n      - [Probiotics and Traveller’s Diarrhea](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/diet-and-treatments\/probiotics-and-traveller-s-diarrhea\/)\n      - [Relaxation For Digestive Disorders: Top 10 Behaviors](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/diet-and-treatments\/relaxation-to-treat-digestive-disorders\/)\n      - [Getting the Most Out of Your Medications](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/diet-and-treatments\/medications\/)\n        - [A Guide to Managing the Benefits and Risks of Medicines](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/diet-and-treatments\/medications\/managing-medications\/)\n        - [Be an Active Member of Your Healthcare Team](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/diet-and-treatments\/medications\/safer-medicine\/)\n        - [Avoiding Drug Adverse Effects](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/diet-and-treatments\/medications\/avoiding-drug-adverse-effects\/)\n        - [Medications that can Affect Colonic Function](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/diet-and-treatments\/medications\/medications-that-can-affect-colonic-function\/)\n      - [FGIDs, Microbes, and Brain-Gut Interactions](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/diet-and-treatments\/gut-microbiota\/)\n  - [Personal Stories](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/personal-stories\/)\n  - [Tips & Daily Living with GI and Motility Disorders](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/tips-and-daily-living\/)\n    - [Digital Health Technology for Improving FGIDs](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/tips-and-daily-living\/digital-health-technology-for-improving-fgids\/)\n    - [Personal Relationships and Digestive Disorders](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/tips-and-daily-living\/personal-relationships\/)\n    - [Enjoying the Holidays with Digestive Disorders](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/tips-and-daily-living\/holiday-tips\/)\n    - [Exercise & GI Symptoms](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/tips-and-daily-living\/exercise-gi-symptoms\/)\n    - [Health Reporting in the Media: What to Believe?](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/tips-and-daily-living\/how-to-judge-health-reports-in-the-media\/)\n    - [Evaluating Health Information Online: A Quick Guide to a Trustworthy Source](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/tips-and-daily-living\/evaluating-health-information-online\/)\n  - [Qualifying for Social Security Benefits with a GI Disorder](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/social-security-benefits-ssd\/)\n  - [Traveling with your GI Disorder: TSA Information](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/manage-your-health\/traveling-with-your-gi-disorder-tsa-information\/)\n- [Resources](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/)\n  - [Publications Library](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/publication-library\/)\n  - [Video Corner](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/video-library\/)\n  - [Dietitians Listing](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/dietitian-listing\/)\n  - [IFFGD FREE eNewsletters](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/iffgd-enewsletters\/)\n    - [Digestive Health Monthly eNewsletter](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/iffgd-enewsletters\/digestive-health-monthly\/)\n  - [Patient Resources & Organizations](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/patient-resources-organizations\/)\n    - [IFFGD Websites](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/patient-resources-organizations\/iffgd-sites\/)\n    - [Government Institutions](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/links\/government-institutions\/)\n    - [Educational Organizations](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/links\/educational-organizations\/)\n    - [Professional Nonprofit Organizations](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/links\/professional-nonprofits\/)\n    - [Other Nonprofits That Can Help](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/patient-resources-organizations\/other-disorders-nonprofits\/)\n    - [Support Groups for GI Conditions: Connect & Get Help](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/patient-resources-organizations\/support-groups-getting-the-help-you-need\/)\n    - [Restaurant and Restroom Access Cards](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/patient-resources-organizations\/restaurant-and-restroom-access-cards\/)\n    - [IFFGD’s Web Linking Policy](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/patient-resources-organizations\/links\/)\n    - [Clinical Corner – FAQs](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/clinical-corner\/)\n      - [Medical Definitions](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/medical-definitions-glossary-dictionary\/)\n    - [Books of Interest](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/books-of-interest\/)\n  - [Reporter’s Guides](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/reporters-guides\/)\n  - [En Español](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/en-espanol\/)\n    - [Diarrea](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/en-espanol\/diarrea\/)\n    - [Diarrea Funcional](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/en-espanol\/diarrea-funcional\/)\n    - [respondes-con-el-intestino](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/en-espanol\/respondes-con-el-intestinoae\/)\n    - [Incontinencia Fecal y la Edad](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/en-espanol\/incontinencia-fecal-y-la-edad\/)\n    - [Diverticulosis y Diverticulitis](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/en-espanol\/diverticulosis-y-diverticulitis\/)\n    - [Viviendo y Sobrellevando la Incontinencia](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/en-espanol\/viviendo-y-sobrellevando-la-incontinencia\/)\n    - [Manejo y Tratamiento Medico de la Incontinencia](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/en-espanol\/manejo-y-tratamiento-medico-de-la-incontinencia\/)\n    - [Gas](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/en-espanol\/gas\/)\n    - [Cambios en el Control de los Esfínteres por el Parto](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/en-espanol\/cambios-en-el-control-de-los-esfinteres-por-el-parto\/)\n    - [Como Hablar con tu Medico Acerca de la Incontinencia](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/en-espanol\/como-hablar-con-tu-medico-acerca-de-la-incontinencia\/)\n    - [Biofeedback, incontinencia, y la perspectiva del paciente.](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/en-espanol\/biofeedback-incontinencia-y-la-perspectiva-del-paciente\/)\n    - [Tratamiento la Dispepsia Funcional: Cuáles son sus opciones?](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/en-espanol\/tratamiento-la-dispepsia-funcional-cuales-son-sus-opciones\/)\n    - [Constipación, inercia colónica y estudios con marcadores colónicos](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/en-espanol\/constipacion-inercia-colonica-y-estudios-con-marcadores-colonicos\/)\n    - [Estrenimiento](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/en-espanol\/estrenimiento\/)\n  - [Survey Corner](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/survey-corner\/)\n  - [DDH Chat](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/ddh-chat\/)\n- [News](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/news\/)\n  - [Advocacy](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/news\/advocacy\/)\n  - [Medical and Treatment](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/news\/medical-and-treatment\/)\n  - [Events](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/events\/)\n  - [Press Release](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/news\/press-release\/)\n  - [For Media](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/news\/for-media\/)\n- [Norton Education Series](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/norton-education-series\/)\n  - [2025 NES: Overview of GI Symptoms](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/norton-education-series\/2025-nes-overview-of-gi-symptoms\/)\n  - [2023 NES: Gut Microbiome](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/norton-education-series\/2023-nes-gut-microbiome\/)\n  - [2022 NES Irritable Bowel Syndrome Event](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/norton-education-series\/2022-nes-irritable-bowel-syndrome-event\/)\n    - [2022 NES: IBS Sponsors and Exhibitors Hall](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/norton-education-series\/2022-nes-irritable-bowel-syndrome-event\/2022-nes-ibs-sponsors-and-exhibitors-hall\/)\n  - [2021 NES IFFGD 30th Anniversary Event](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/norton-education-series\/nes-education-30-anniversary\/)\n    - [2021 NES: Industry Sponsors & Exhibitors Hall](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/norton-education-series\/2021-nes-industry-exhibitor-hall\/)\n  - [2021 NES IFFGD 30th Anniversary Event – Pediatric Edition](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/norton-education-series\/2021-nes-iffgd-30th-anniversary-event-pediatric-edition\/)\n  - [2020 NES: Diet, Nutrition and Digestive Health](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/norton-education-series\/nes-program-speakers\/nes-education-program\/)\n    - [2020 NES Michigan Speakers](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/norton-education-series\/nes-program-speakers\/)\n- [Research](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/research\/)\n  - [IFFGDs Nancy and Bill Norton Research Program](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/research\/research-program-awards\/)\n    - [IFFGD 2026 GI Research Grant](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/research\/research-program-awards\/iffgd_2026_gi_research_grant\/)\n    - [IFFGD 2026 Preceptorship Award](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/research\/research-program-awards\/iffgd-2026-preceptorship-award-apply-now\/)\n    - [IFFGD 2026 Travel Awards](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/research\/research-program-awards\/iffgd_2026_travel_awards\/)\n    - [IFFGD Research Awards & Grants](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/research\/research-program-awards\/research-awards-grants\/)\n    - [IFFGD Travel Awards](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/research\/research-program-awards\/iffgd-travel-awards\/)\n    - [IFFGD Preceptorship Award](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/research\/research-awards\/2024-iffgd-preceptorship-award\/)\n  - [Clinical Trials and Studies](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/research\/clinical-trials-and-studies\/)\n    - [Guide to Randomized Clinical Trials](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/research\/clinical-trials-and-studies\/guide-to-randomized-clinical-trials\/)\n  - [Funding Opportunities Outside of IFFGD](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/research\/research-program-awards\/other-research-grant-opportunities\/)\n  - [Research in the Community](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/research\/community-research\/)\n  - [Understanding Research Funding](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/research\/funding-research\/)\n- [Get involved](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/get-involved\/)\n  - [Join the Campaign: From Advocacy to Action](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/get-involved\/join-the-campaign-from-advocacy-to-action\/)\n  - [Events & Activities](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/get-involved\/events-activities\/)\n    - [IFFGD’s 2026 Virtual Advocacy & Education Event](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/get-involved\/events-activities\/iffgds-2026-virtual-advocacy-education-event\/)\n    - [IFFGD’s 2026 Virtual Digestive Health Wellness and Walk Event](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/get-involved\/events-activities\/iffgds-2026-virtual-digestive-health-wellness-and-walk-event\/)\n    - [IFFGD’s Virtual Health & Wellness Events](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/get-involved\/iffgds-virtual-health-wellness-events\/)\n  - [Young Advocates in GI](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/get-involved\/young-advocates-in-gi\/)\n  - [Advocate for Digestive Health](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/get-involved\/advocate-for-digestive-health\/)\n    - [Capitol Hill Advocacy Day](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/get-involved\/advocate-for-digestive-health\/advocacy-education\/capitol-hill-advocacy-day\/)\n    - [Legislative Agenda](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/get-involved\/advocate-for-digestive-health\/legislative-agenda\/)\n      - [FGIMD Act (Functional Gastrointestinal and Motility Disorders Research Enhancement Act)](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/get-involved\/advocate-for-digestive-health\/legislative-agenda\/fgimd-act\/)\n    - [Advocacy Education](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/get-involved\/advocate-for-digestive-health\/advocacy-education\/)\n    - [Advocates in Action](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/get-involved\/advocate-for-digestive-health\/advocates-in-action\/)\n    - [IFFGD in Washington](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/get-involved\/advocate-for-digestive-health\/iffgd-in-washington\/)\n  - 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Now I am experiencing diarrhea. Should I be concerned?*\n\n**Answer** – Antibiotic therapy is a common source of diarrhea in both hospitalized patients and outpatients. Approximately 20% of patients taking antibiotics will develop diarrhea.\n\nThere are two common causes of diarrhea in this setting.\n\n**Change in normal colonic flora** – Antibiotics can cause a change in the normal colonic flora or the type of bacteria that normally reside in the colon. Large numbers of bacteria reside in the colon, which play a very important role in maintaining the integrity of the lining (mucosa) of the colon and assisting in digestion of unabsorbed carbohydrates.![antibiotics](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Gut-bacteria-1-300x300.jpg)\n\nWhen antibiotics are taken, they alter the number and types of bacteria present in the colon. The result is an impaired absorption of carbohydrates. This leads to water secretion and looser stools. The colonic bacteria are also crucial in producing organic acids, which act as vital nutrients in maintaining mucosal integrity. Should the mucosal integrity be impaired, one’s ability to reabsorb water in the colon will be limited. This can contribute to increased stool volume and diarrhea.\n\n*[**C. difficile**](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/publication-library\/clostridioides-difficile-infection\/) –* The second factor, which can cause diarrhea after antibiotic use, is *C. difficile* colitis. *C. difficile* is a bacterium that can increase in number after a course of antibiotics. This bacterium produces a toxin that causes inflammatory changes in the colon. These inflammatory changes result in both impaired water reabsorption in the colon and secretion of fluid resulting in diarrhea.\n\n### Probiotics\nProbiotics, which are microorganisms that are ingested to provide a beneficial effect, have been shown to decrease the risk of antibiotic associated diarrhea. There are numerous preparations available over-the-counter. Discuss treatment options using probiotics with your healthcare provider.\n\n– Thomas Puetz, MD\n\n### Learn more about bacteria in the GI tract\n[Bacteria in the GI Tract](https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bc4y6rJqJT0)\n\n**Contributor**  \nThomas Puetz, MD, Gastroenterology, Aurora Advanced Healthcare, Mequon, WI\n\n##### Share this page\n##### Topics of this article\n- [Why do some antibiotics cause diarrhea and is this a cause for concern?](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/diarrhea\/antibiotics-diarrhea\/#elementor-toc__heading-anchor-0)\n- [Probiotics](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/diarrhea\/antibiotics-diarrhea\/#elementor-toc__heading-anchor-1)\n- [Learn more about bacteria in the GI tract](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/diarrhea\/antibiotics-diarrhea\/#elementor-toc__heading-anchor-2)\n\n##### Read More\n- [Abdomino-Phrenic Dyssynergia (APD)](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/lower-gi-disorders\/abdomino-phrenic-dyssynergia-apd\/)\n- [Bowel Incontinence](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/lower-gi-disorders\/bowel-incontinence\/)\n- [Understanding Chronic or Functional Diarrhea](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/lower-gi-disorders\/diarrhea\/)\n  - [Common Causes of Chronic Diarrhea](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/lower-gi-disorders\/diarrhea\/common-causes\/)\n  - [Managing Diarrhea](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/diarrhea\/managing-diarrhea\/)\n  - [Antibiotics & Diarrhea](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/diarrhea\/antibiotics-diarrhea\/)\n  - [Diet Strategies for Managing Chronic Diarrhea](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/diarrhea\/nutrition-strategies\/)\n  - [Diarrhea & Incontinence Caused by Medication](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/lower-gi-disorders\/diarrhea\/diarrhea-incontinence-caused-by-medication\/)\n- [Chronic Constipation](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/lower-gi-disorders\/constipation\/)\n- [Centrally Mediated Abdominal Pain Syndrome (CAPS)](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/centrally-mediated-abdominal-pain-syndrome\/)\n  - [Common Questions About Centrally Mediated Abdominal Pain Syndrome (CAPS)](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/lower-gi-disorders\/centrally-mediated-abdominal-pain-syndrome\/common-questions\/)\n- [Dyssynergic Defecation: About a Common Cause of Chronic Constipation](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/lower-gi-disorders\/dyssynergic-defecation\/)\n  - [Dyssynergic Defecation: Diagnosis](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/lower-gi-disorders\/dyssynergic-defecation\/diagnosis\/)\n  - [Dyssynergic Defecation: Treatment](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/lower-gi-disorders\/dyssynergic-defecation\/treatment-2\/)\n- [Hirschsprung’s Disease](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/hirschsprungs-disease\/)\n- [Intestinal Pseudo-obstruction](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/lower-gi-disorders\/intestinal-pseudo-obstruction\/)\n- [Irritable Bowel Syndrome](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/lower-gi-disorders\/irritable-bowel-syndrome\/)\n- [Opioid Induced Constipation](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/opioid-induced-constipation\/)\n  - [Managing and Treating Opioid Induced Constipation (OIC)](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/opioid-induced-constipation\/managing-and-treating-opioid-induced-constipation-oic\/)\n\nWas this article helpful?\n\nIFFGD is a nonprofit education and research organization. Our mission is to inform, assist, and support people affected by gastrointestinal disorders.  \n  \nOur original content is authored specifically for IFFGD readers, in response to your questions and concerns.\n\nIf you found this article helpful, please consider supporting IFFGD with a small tax-deductible donation.\n\n[Make a donation](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/get-involved\/make-a-donation\/)\n\n##### Related Information\n[Abdomino-Phrenic Dyssynergia (APD)](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/lower-gi-disorders\/abdomino-phrenic-dyssynergia-apd\/)\n\nFebruary 3, 2026\n\nWatch Now Treatment options for patients with abdomino-phrenic dyssynergia (APD) Abdominal distension occurs when the abdominal or belly area visibly expands. In most patients, distension\n\n[Read More »](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/lower-gi-disorders\/abdomino-phrenic-dyssynergia-apd\/)\n\n[Types of Systemic Mastocytosis and Treatments](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/systemic-mastocytosis-sm\/types-of-sm-and-treatments\/)\n\nJune 17, 2025\n\nSubtypes of Systemic Mastocytosis There are several types of Systemic Mastocytosis. They differ in how many mast cells build up, where they build up in\n\n[Read More »](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/systemic-mastocytosis-sm\/types-of-sm-and-treatments\/)\n\n[Understanding Symptoms and Manifestations of Systemic Mastocytosis](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/systemic-mastocytosis-sm\/symptoms-of-sm\/)\n\nJune 17, 2025\n\nSystemic Mastocytosis (SM) can affect many parts of the body, and it may look different from one person to another. To better understand how this\n\n[Read More »](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/systemic-mastocytosis-sm\/symptoms-of-sm\/)\n\n##### Personal Stories\n[Abdomino-Phrenic Dyssynergia (APD)](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/lower-gi-disorders\/abdomino-phrenic-dyssynergia-apd\/)\n\nFebruary 3, 2026\n\nWatch Now Treatment options for patients with abdomino-phrenic dyssynergia (APD) Abdominal distension occurs when the abdominal or belly area visibly expands. In most patients, distension\n\n[Read More »](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/lower-gi-disorders\/abdomino-phrenic-dyssynergia-apd\/)\n\n[Types of Systemic Mastocytosis and Treatments](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/systemic-mastocytosis-sm\/types-of-sm-and-treatments\/)\n\nJune 17, 2025\n\nSubtypes of Systemic Mastocytosis There are several types of Systemic Mastocytosis. They differ in how many mast cells build up, where they build up in\n\n[Read More »](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/systemic-mastocytosis-sm\/types-of-sm-and-treatments\/)\n\n[Understanding Symptoms and Manifestations of Systemic Mastocytosis](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/systemic-mastocytosis-sm\/symptoms-of-sm\/)\n\nJune 17, 2025\n\nSystemic Mastocytosis (SM) can affect many parts of the body, and it may look different from one person to another. To better understand how this\n\n[Read More »](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/gi-disorders\/systemic-mastocytosis-sm\/symptoms-of-sm\/)\n\n![IFFGD](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/iffgd-logo-reversed.png)\n\nInternational Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders\n\nThis information is in no way intended to replace the guidance of your doctor.\n\nWe advise seeing a physician whenever a health problem arises requiring an expert’s care.\n\n© Copyright 2026 International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Inc. (IFFGD).  \nAll Rights Reserved.\n\n- [Privacy & Security Policy](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/privacy-security\/)\n- [Terms of Use](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/terms-of-use\/)\n\n- [Privacy & Security Policy](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/privacy-security\/)\n- [Terms of Use](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/terms-of-use\/)\n\n##### Our Other Sites\n- [About Constipation](http:\/\/aboutconstipation.org\/)\n- [About IBS](http:\/\/aboutibs.org\/)\n- [About GERD](http:\/\/aboutgerd.org\/)\n- [About Gastroparesis](http:\/\/aboutgastroparesis.org\/)\n- [About GI Motility](http:\/\/aboutgimotility.org\/)\n- [About Incontinence](http:\/\/aboutincontinence.org\/)\n- [About Kids GI](http:\/\/aboutkidsgi.org\/)\n- [You and Constipation](https:\/\/www.youandconstipation.org\/en-cnstp\/home)\n- [You and IBS](https:\/\/www.youandibs.org\/en-ibs\/home)\n- [You and Colonoscopy](https:\/\/www.youandcolonoscopy.com\/en-cln\/home)\n- [Los Niños y GI](https:\/\/losninosygi.org\/)\n\n##### Stay Connected\nKeep up-to-date on the latest news, stories, tips, research highlights, and more\\!\n\n[Sign Up for eNewsletter](https:\/\/visitor.r20.constantcontact.com\/d.jsp?llr=66nna8eab&p=oi&m=66nna8eab&sit=namjxa9fb&f=75a58db0-f9ff-48c6-bda8-dade0d05b6b4)\n\n##### Connect on social media:\n[Youtube](https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/IFFGD)\n\n[Facebook](https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/IFFGD)     [Instagram](https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/digestivehealthmatters\/)\n\n![Candid Platinum Transparency 2025 badge icon.](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025-Candid-Transparency--150x150.png)\n\n![Guidestar](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/guideStarSeal_platinum_SM-150x150.png)\n\n![NORD 2026 Platinum Member](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/NORD_MembershipLogo_2026_PLAT-150x150.png)\n\n##### IFFGD gratefully acknowledges the following members of our Industry Council.\n##### Patron Level:\n![abbvie](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/abbvie.png)\n\n![Ironwood](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/ironwood.png)\n\n![Pfizer Logo](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Pfizer_Logo_Color_RGB.png)\n\n![Takeda](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/takeda.png)\n\n##### Associate Level:\n![Solid black screen background graphic.](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Alimetry.png)\n\n![Ardelyx](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/ardelyx.png)\n\n![Braintree Logo CMYK](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Braintree-Logo-CMYK.png)\n\n![enterra medical logo with teal text and cluster of dots.](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/01-Enterra-Medical-logo_FNL.png)\n\n![Evoke Pharma: IFFGD IC member](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Evoke-Pharma.png)\n\n![MBiota logo dark blue text on black background.](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/thumbnail_M_Biota_Logo.png)\n\n![Nestle Logo](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Nestle-logo.png)\n\n![Salix Pharmaceuticals](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/salix-pharmaceuticals.png)\n\n![Phathom Pharma](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Phantom-Pharm-e1650983041493.png)\n\n![Vanda Pharmaceuticals](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/vanda-pharmaceuticals-inc.png)","attrs_readable_markdown":"## Why do some antibiotics cause diarrhea and is this a cause for concern?\n***Question** – I have recently completed a course of antibiotics prior to having a dental procedure. Now I am experiencing diarrhea. Should I be concerned?*\n\n**Answer** – Antibiotic therapy is a common source of diarrhea in both hospitalized patients and outpatients. Approximately 20% of patients taking antibiotics will develop diarrhea.\n\nThere are two common causes of diarrhea in this setting.\n\n**Change in normal colonic flora** – Antibiotics can cause a change in the normal colonic flora or the type of bacteria that normally reside in the colon. Large numbers of bacteria reside in the colon, which play a very important role in maintaining the integrity of the lining (mucosa) of the colon and assisting in digestion of unabsorbed carbohydrates.![antibiotics](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Gut-bacteria-1-300x300.jpg)\n\nWhen antibiotics are taken, they alter the number and types of bacteria present in the colon. The result is an impaired absorption of carbohydrates. This leads to water secretion and looser stools. The colonic bacteria are also crucial in producing organic acids, which act as vital nutrients in maintaining mucosal integrity. Should the mucosal integrity be impaired, one’s ability to reabsorb water in the colon will be limited. This can contribute to increased stool volume and diarrhea.\n\n*[**C. difficile**](https:\/\/iffgd.org\/resources\/publication-library\/clostridioides-difficile-infection\/) –* The second factor, which can cause diarrhea after antibiotic use, is *C. difficile* colitis. *C. difficile* is a bacterium that can increase in number after a course of antibiotics. This bacterium produces a toxin that causes inflammatory changes in the colon. These inflammatory changes result in both impaired water reabsorption in the colon and secretion of fluid resulting in diarrhea.\n\n### Probiotics\nProbiotics, which are microorganisms that are ingested to provide a beneficial effect, have been shown to decrease the risk of antibiotic associated diarrhea. There are numerous preparations available over-the-counter. Discuss treatment options using probiotics with your healthcare provider.\n\n– Thomas Puetz, MD\n\n### Learn more about bacteria in the GI tract\n[Bacteria in the GI Tract](https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bc4y6rJqJT0)\n\n**Contributor**  \nThomas Puetz, MD, Gastroenterology, Aurora Advanced Healthcare, Mequon, WI","meta_canonical":null}

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Boilerpipe Text	Why do some antibiotics cause diarrhea and is this a cause for concern? Question – I have recently completed a course of antibiotics prior to having a dental procedure. Now I am experiencing diarrhea. Should I be concerned? Answer – Antibiotic therapy is a common source of diarrhea in both hospitalized patients and outpatients. Approximately 20% of patients taking antibiotics will develop diarrhea. There are two common causes of diarrhea in this setting. Change in normal colonic flora – Antibiotics can cause a change in the normal colonic flora or the type of bacteria that normally reside in the colon. Large numbers of bacteria reside in the colon, which play a very important role in maintaining the integrity of the lining (mucosa) of the colon and assisting in digestion of unabsorbed carbohydrates. When antibiotics are taken, they alter the number and types of bacteria present in the colon. The result is an impaired absorption of carbohydrates. This leads to water secretion and looser stools. The colonic bacteria are also crucial in producing organic acids, which act as vital nutrients in maintaining mucosal integrity. Should the mucosal integrity be impaired, one’s ability to reabsorb water in the colon will be limited. This can contribute to increased stool volume and diarrhea. C. difficile – The second factor, which can cause diarrhea after antibiotic use, is C. difficile colitis. C. difficile is a bacterium that can increase in number after a course of antibiotics. This bacterium produces a toxin that causes inflammatory changes in the colon. These inflammatory changes result in both impaired water reabsorption in the colon and secretion of fluid resulting in diarrhea. Probiotics Probiotics, which are microorganisms that are ingested to provide a beneficial effect, have been shown to decrease the risk of antibiotic associated diarrhea. There are numerous preparations available over-the-counter. Discuss treatment options using probiotics with your healthcare provider. – Thomas Puetz, MD Learn more about bacteria in the GI tract Bacteria in the GI Tract Contributor Thomas Puetz, MD, Gastroenterology, Aurora Advanced Healthcare, Mequon, WI
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[Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome (CVS)](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/upper-gi-disorders/cyclic-vomiting-syndrome-cvs/) - [Dyspepsia](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/upper-gi-disorders/dyspepsia/) - [Dysphagia](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/upper-gi-disorders/dysphagia/) - [Gastroparesis](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/upper-gi-disorders/gastroparesis/) - [GERD](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/upper-gi-disorders/gerd/) - [Globus](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/upper-gi-disorders/globus/) - [Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/upper-gi-disorders/sphincter-of-oddi-dysfunction/) - [Lower GI Disorders](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/lower-gi-disorders/) - [Bowel Incontinence](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/lower-gi-disorders/bowel-incontinence/) - [Chronic Constipation](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/lower-gi-disorders/constipation/) - [Chronic Diarrhea](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/lower-gi-disorders/diarrhea/) - [Dyssynergic Defecation](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/lower-gi-disorders/dyssynergic-defecation/) - [Centrally Mediated Abdominal Pain Syndrome (CAPS)](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/centrally-mediated-abdominal-pain-syndrome/) - [Hirschsprung’s Disease](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/hirschsprungs-disease/) - [Intestinal Pseudo-obstruction](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/lower-gi-disorders/intestinal-pseudo-obstruction/) - [Irritable Bowel Syndrome](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/lower-gi-disorders/irritable-bowel-syndrome/) - [Other GI Disorders](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/other-disorders/) - [Abdominal Adhesions](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/other-disorders/abdominal-adhesions/) - [Acute Hepatic Porphyria (AHP)](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/other-disorders/acute-hepatic-porphyria/) - [Anal Fistulas](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/other-disorders/anal-fistulas/) - [Celiac Disease](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/other-disorders/celiac-disease/) - [Clostridioides Difficile Infection (CDI)](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/other-disorders/clostridium-difficile/) - [Congenital Sucrase-Isomaltase Deficiency (CSID)](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/other-disorders/congenital-sucrase-isomaltase-deficiency-csid/) - [Diverticulosis and Diverticulitis](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/other-disorders/diverticulosis-and-diverticulitis/) - [Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/eosinophilic-gastroenteritis/) - [Food Allergies](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/other-disorders/food-allergies/) - [Inflammatory Bowel Disease](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/other-disorders/inflammatory-bowel-disease/) - [Lactose Intolerance](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/other-disorders/lactose-intolerance/) - [Malabsorption](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/malabsorption/) - [Opioid Induced Constipation](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/opioid-induced-constipation/) - [Radiation Therapy Injury](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/other-disorders/radiation-therapy-injury/) - [Scleroderma](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/scleroderma/) - [Short Bowel Syndrome](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/other-disorders/short-bowel-syndrome-2/) - [Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO)](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/other-disorders/small-intestinal-bacterial-overgrowth-sibo/) - [Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/other-disorders/sma-syndrome/) - [Volvulus](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/other-disorders/volvulus/) - [Rare Diseases](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/other-disorders/rare-diseases/) - [Symptoms & Causes](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/symptoms-causes/) - [The Digestive System](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/the-digestive-system/) - [The Human Gut Microbiome](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/the-human-gut-microbiome/) - [FGIMDs & Military Service](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/fgmid-and-military-service/) - [Kids & Teens](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/kids-teens/) - [Manage Your Health](https://iffgd.org/manage-your-health/) - [Your Healthcare Team](https://iffgd.org/manage-your-health/your-healthcare-team/) - [Working With Your Healthcare Provider](https://iffgd.org/manage-your-health/your-healthcare-team/working-with-your-healthcare-provider/) - [Healthcare Provider-Patient Communication](https://iffgd.org/manage-your-health/your-healthcare-team/doctor-patient-communication/) - [How to Help Your HCP Help You](https://iffgd.org/manage-your-health/your-healthcare-team/how-to-help-your-doctor-help-you/) - [Helpful Insights from a GI Doctor](https://iffgd.org/manage-your-health/your-healthcare-team/helpful-insights-from-a-gi-doctor/) - [GI Motility Testing: A Comprehensive Guide](https://iffgd.org/manage-your-health/gi-motility-tests/) - [Antroduodenal Manometry](https://iffgd.org/manage-your-health/gi-motility-tests/antroduodenal-manometry/) - [Colon Manometry: 6 Common Questions](https://iffgd.org/manage-your-health/gi-motility-tests/colon-manometry/) - [Hydrogen Breath Tests](https://iffgd.org/manage-your-health/gi-motility-tests/hydrogen-breath-tests/) - [Upper GI Endoscopy](https://iffgd.org/manage-your-health/gi-motility-tests/upper-gi-endoscopy/) - [Colonoscopies](https://iffgd.org/manage-your-health/gi-motility-tests/colonoscopies/) - [Diet & Treatment Overview](https://iffgd.org/manage-your-health/diet-and-treatments/) - [Antacids](https://iffgd.org/manage-your-health/diet-and-treatments/antacids/) - [Calcium in Non-Dairy Foods](https://iffgd.org/manage-your-health/diet-and-treatments/calcium-in-non-dairy-foods/) - [Chlorophyllin: Is it Effective Odor Control?](https://iffgd.org/manage-your-health/diet-and-treatments/chlorophyllin-for-odor-control/) - [Dietary Fiber](https://iffgd.org/manage-your-health/diet-and-treatments/dietary-fiber/) - [NSAIDs: Good for the Joints, Bad for the Gut?](https://iffgd.org/manage-your-health/diet-and-treatments/nsaids/) - [Could Probiotics Help Alleviate your Functional Gastrointestinal Symptoms?](https://iffgd.org/manage-your-health/diet-and-treatments/could-probiotics-help-your-symptoms/) - [Use of Probiotics in Managing Gastrointestinal Symptoms](https://iffgd.org/manage-your-health/diet-and-treatments/use-of-probiotics-in-managing-gastrointestinal-symptoms/) - [Tips to Help Find a Credible Probiotic Product](https://iffgd.org/manage-your-health/diet-and-treatments/tips-to-help-find-a-credible-probiotic-product/) - [Probiotics and Traveller’s Diarrhea](https://iffgd.org/manage-your-health/diet-and-treatments/probiotics-and-traveller-s-diarrhea/) - [Relaxation For Digestive Disorders: Top 10 Behaviors](https://iffgd.org/manage-your-health/diet-and-treatments/relaxation-to-treat-digestive-disorders/) - [Getting the Most Out of Your Medications](https://iffgd.org/manage-your-health/diet-and-treatments/medications/) - [A Guide to Managing the Benefits and Risks of Medicines](https://iffgd.org/manage-your-health/diet-and-treatments/medications/managing-medications/) - [Be an Active Member of Your Healthcare Team](https://iffgd.org/manage-your-health/diet-and-treatments/medications/safer-medicine/) - [Avoiding Drug Adverse Effects](https://iffgd.org/manage-your-health/diet-and-treatments/medications/avoiding-drug-adverse-effects/) - [Medications that can Affect Colonic Function](https://iffgd.org/manage-your-health/diet-and-treatments/medications/medications-that-can-affect-colonic-function/) - [FGIDs, Microbes, and Brain-Gut Interactions](https://iffgd.org/manage-your-health/diet-and-treatments/gut-microbiota/) - [Personal Stories](https://iffgd.org/personal-stories/) - [Tips & Daily Living with GI and Motility Disorders](https://iffgd.org/manage-your-health/tips-and-daily-living/) - [Digital Health Technology for Improving FGIDs](https://iffgd.org/manage-your-health/tips-and-daily-living/digital-health-technology-for-improving-fgids/) - [Personal Relationships and Digestive Disorders](https://iffgd.org/manage-your-health/tips-and-daily-living/personal-relationships/) - [Enjoying the Holidays with Digestive Disorders](https://iffgd.org/manage-your-health/tips-and-daily-living/holiday-tips/) - [Exercise & GI Symptoms](https://iffgd.org/manage-your-health/tips-and-daily-living/exercise-gi-symptoms/) - [Health Reporting in the Media: What to Believe?](https://iffgd.org/manage-your-health/tips-and-daily-living/how-to-judge-health-reports-in-the-media/) - [Evaluating Health Information Online: A Quick Guide to a Trustworthy Source](https://iffgd.org/manage-your-health/tips-and-daily-living/evaluating-health-information-online/) - [Qualifying for Social Security Benefits with a GI Disorder](https://iffgd.org/manage-your-health/social-security-benefits-ssd/) - [Traveling with your GI Disorder: TSA Information](https://iffgd.org/manage-your-health/traveling-with-your-gi-disorder-tsa-information/) - [Resources](https://iffgd.org/resources/) - [Publications Library](https://iffgd.org/resources/publication-library/) - [Video Corner](https://iffgd.org/resources/video-library/) - [Dietitians Listing](https://iffgd.org/resources/dietitian-listing/) - [IFFGD FREE eNewsletters](https://iffgd.org/resources/iffgd-enewsletters/) - [Digestive Health Monthly eNewsletter](https://iffgd.org/resources/iffgd-enewsletters/digestive-health-monthly/) - [Patient Resources & Organizations](https://iffgd.org/resources/patient-resources-organizations/) - [IFFGD Websites](https://iffgd.org/resources/patient-resources-organizations/iffgd-sites/) - [Government Institutions](https://iffgd.org/resources/links/government-institutions/) - [Educational Organizations](https://iffgd.org/resources/links/educational-organizations/) - [Professional Nonprofit Organizations](https://iffgd.org/resources/links/professional-nonprofits/) - [Other Nonprofits That Can Help](https://iffgd.org/resources/patient-resources-organizations/other-disorders-nonprofits/) - [Support Groups for GI Conditions: Connect & Get Help](https://iffgd.org/resources/patient-resources-organizations/support-groups-getting-the-help-you-need/) - [Restaurant and Restroom Access Cards](https://iffgd.org/resources/patient-resources-organizations/restaurant-and-restroom-access-cards/) - [IFFGD’s Web Linking Policy](https://iffgd.org/resources/patient-resources-organizations/links/) - [Clinical Corner – FAQs](https://iffgd.org/resources/clinical-corner/) - [Medical Definitions](https://iffgd.org/resources/medical-definitions-glossary-dictionary/) - [Books of Interest](https://iffgd.org/resources/books-of-interest/) - [Reporter’s Guides](https://iffgd.org/resources/reporters-guides/) - [En Español](https://iffgd.org/resources/en-espanol/) - [Diarrea](https://iffgd.org/resources/en-espanol/diarrea/) - [Diarrea Funcional](https://iffgd.org/resources/en-espanol/diarrea-funcional/) - [respondes-con-el-intestino](https://iffgd.org/resources/en-espanol/respondes-con-el-intestinoae/) - [Incontinencia Fecal y la Edad](https://iffgd.org/resources/en-espanol/incontinencia-fecal-y-la-edad/) - [Diverticulosis y Diverticulitis](https://iffgd.org/resources/en-espanol/diverticulosis-y-diverticulitis/) - [Viviendo y Sobrellevando la Incontinencia](https://iffgd.org/resources/en-espanol/viviendo-y-sobrellevando-la-incontinencia/) - [Manejo y Tratamiento Medico de la Incontinencia](https://iffgd.org/resources/en-espanol/manejo-y-tratamiento-medico-de-la-incontinencia/) - [Gas](https://iffgd.org/resources/en-espanol/gas/) - [Cambios en el Control de los Esfínteres por el Parto](https://iffgd.org/resources/en-espanol/cambios-en-el-control-de-los-esfinteres-por-el-parto/) - [Como Hablar con tu Medico Acerca de la Incontinencia](https://iffgd.org/resources/en-espanol/como-hablar-con-tu-medico-acerca-de-la-incontinencia/) - [Biofeedback, incontinencia, y la perspectiva del paciente.](https://iffgd.org/resources/en-espanol/biofeedback-incontinencia-y-la-perspectiva-del-paciente/) - [Tratamiento la Dispepsia Funcional: Cuáles son sus opciones?](https://iffgd.org/resources/en-espanol/tratamiento-la-dispepsia-funcional-cuales-son-sus-opciones/) - [Constipación, inercia colónica y estudios con marcadores colónicos](https://iffgd.org/resources/en-espanol/constipacion-inercia-colonica-y-estudios-con-marcadores-colonicos/) - [Estrenimiento](https://iffgd.org/resources/en-espanol/estrenimiento/) - [Survey Corner](https://iffgd.org/resources/survey-corner/) - [DDH Chat](https://iffgd.org/resources/ddh-chat/) - [News](https://iffgd.org/news/) - [Advocacy](https://iffgd.org/news/advocacy/) - [Medical and Treatment](https://iffgd.org/news/medical-and-treatment/) - [Events](https://iffgd.org/events/) - [Press Release](https://iffgd.org/news/press-release/) - [For Media](https://iffgd.org/news/for-media/) - [Norton Education Series](https://iffgd.org/norton-education-series/) - [2025 NES: Overview of GI Symptoms](https://iffgd.org/norton-education-series/2025-nes-overview-of-gi-symptoms/) - [2023 NES: Gut Microbiome](https://iffgd.org/norton-education-series/2023-nes-gut-microbiome/) - [2022 NES Irritable Bowel Syndrome Event](https://iffgd.org/norton-education-series/2022-nes-irritable-bowel-syndrome-event/) - [2022 NES: IBS Sponsors and Exhibitors Hall](https://iffgd.org/norton-education-series/2022-nes-irritable-bowel-syndrome-event/2022-nes-ibs-sponsors-and-exhibitors-hall/) - [2021 NES IFFGD 30th Anniversary Event](https://iffgd.org/norton-education-series/nes-education-30-anniversary/) - [2021 NES: Industry Sponsors & Exhibitors Hall](https://iffgd.org/norton-education-series/2021-nes-industry-exhibitor-hall/) - [2021 NES IFFGD 30th Anniversary Event – Pediatric Edition](https://iffgd.org/norton-education-series/2021-nes-iffgd-30th-anniversary-event-pediatric-edition/) - [2020 NES: Diet, Nutrition and Digestive Health](https://iffgd.org/norton-education-series/nes-program-speakers/nes-education-program/) - [2020 NES Michigan Speakers](https://iffgd.org/norton-education-series/nes-program-speakers/) - [Research](https://iffgd.org/research/) - [IFFGDs Nancy and Bill Norton Research Program](https://iffgd.org/research/research-program-awards/) - [IFFGD 2026 GI Research Grant](https://iffgd.org/research/research-program-awards/iffgd_2026_gi_research_grant/) - [IFFGD 2026 Preceptorship Award](https://iffgd.org/research/research-program-awards/iffgd-2026-preceptorship-award-apply-now/) - [IFFGD 2026 Travel Awards](https://iffgd.org/research/research-program-awards/iffgd_2026_travel_awards/) - [IFFGD Research Awards & Grants](https://iffgd.org/research/research-program-awards/research-awards-grants/) - [IFFGD Travel Awards](https://iffgd.org/research/research-program-awards/iffgd-travel-awards/) - [IFFGD Preceptorship Award](https://iffgd.org/research/research-awards/2024-iffgd-preceptorship-award/) - [Clinical Trials and Studies](https://iffgd.org/research/clinical-trials-and-studies/) - [Guide to Randomized Clinical Trials](https://iffgd.org/research/clinical-trials-and-studies/guide-to-randomized-clinical-trials/) - [Funding Opportunities Outside of IFFGD](https://iffgd.org/research/research-program-awards/other-research-grant-opportunities/) - [Research in the Community](https://iffgd.org/research/community-research/) - [Understanding Research Funding](https://iffgd.org/research/funding-research/) - [Get involved](https://iffgd.org/get-involved/) - [Join the Campaign: From Advocacy to Action](https://iffgd.org/get-involved/join-the-campaign-from-advocacy-to-action/) - [Events & Activities](https://iffgd.org/get-involved/events-activities/) - [IFFGD’s 2026 Virtual Advocacy & Education Event](https://iffgd.org/get-involved/events-activities/iffgds-2026-virtual-advocacy-education-event/) - [IFFGD’s 2026 Virtual Digestive Health Wellness and Walk Event](https://iffgd.org/get-involved/events-activities/iffgds-2026-virtual-digestive-health-wellness-and-walk-event/) - [IFFGD’s Virtual Health & Wellness Events](https://iffgd.org/get-involved/iffgds-virtual-health-wellness-events/) - [Young Advocates in GI](https://iffgd.org/get-involved/young-advocates-in-gi/) - [Advocate for Digestive Health](https://iffgd.org/get-involved/advocate-for-digestive-health/) - [Capitol Hill Advocacy Day](https://iffgd.org/get-involved/advocate-for-digestive-health/advocacy-education/capitol-hill-advocacy-day/) - [Legislative Agenda](https://iffgd.org/get-involved/advocate-for-digestive-health/legislative-agenda/) - [FGIMD Act (Functional Gastrointestinal and Motility Disorders Research Enhancement Act)](https://iffgd.org/get-involved/advocate-for-digestive-health/legislative-agenda/fgimd-act/) - [Advocacy Education](https://iffgd.org/get-involved/advocate-for-digestive-health/advocacy-education/) - [Advocates in Action](https://iffgd.org/get-involved/advocate-for-digestive-health/advocates-in-action/) - [IFFGD in Washington](https://iffgd.org/get-involved/advocate-for-digestive-health/iffgd-in-washington/) - [Raising Awareness: Empower Change](https://iffgd.org/get-involved/raising-awareness/) - [Awareness Months](https://iffgd.org/get-involved/raising-awareness/awareness-months/) - [GERD Awareness Week](https://iffgd.org/get-involved/raising-awareness/awareness-months/gerd-awareness-week/) - [April is IBS Awareness Month](https://iffgd.org/get-involved/raising-awareness/awareness-months/ibs-awareness-month/) - [Gastroparesis Awareness Month](https://iffgd.org/get-involved/raising-awareness/awareness-months/gastroparesis-awareness-month/) - [Art of GI – Inspiration from the Heart of Patients](https://iffgd.org/the-art-of-fgids/) - [Support & Fundraising](https://iffgd.org/get-involved/support-fundraising/) - [Stay Connected: Join Our Community](https://iffgd.org/get-involved/stay-connected/) - [About IFFGD](https://iffgd.org/about-iffgd/) - [Contact Us](https://iffgd.org/contact-us/) - [Donate](https://iffgd.org/get-involved/make-a-donation/) - [GI Disorders]() - [Upper GI Disorders](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/upper-gi-disorders/) - [Achalasia](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/upper-gi-disorders/achalasia/) - [Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome (CVS)](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/upper-gi-disorders/cyclic-vomiting-syndrome-cvs/) - [Dyspepsia](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/upper-gi-disorders/dyspepsia/) - [Dysphagia](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/upper-gi-disorders/dysphagia/) - [Gastroparesis](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/upper-gi-disorders/gastroparesis/) - [GERD](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/upper-gi-disorders/gerd/) - [Globus](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/upper-gi-disorders/globus/) - [Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/upper-gi-disorders/sphincter-of-oddi-dysfunction/) - [Lower GI Disorders](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/lower-gi-disorders/) - [Bowel Incontinence](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/lower-gi-disorders/bowel-incontinence/) - [Chronic Constipation](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/lower-gi-disorders/constipation/) - [Chronic Diarrhea](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/lower-gi-disorders/diarrhea/) - [Dyssynergic Defecation](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/lower-gi-disorders/dyssynergic-defecation/) - [Centrally Mediated Abdominal Pain Syndrome (CAPS)](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/centrally-mediated-abdominal-pain-syndrome/) - [Hirschsprung’s Disease](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/hirschsprungs-disease/) - [Intestinal Pseudo-obstruction](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/lower-gi-disorders/intestinal-pseudo-obstruction/) - [Irritable Bowel Syndrome](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/lower-gi-disorders/irritable-bowel-syndrome/) - [Other GI Disorders](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/other-disorders/) - [Abdominal Adhesions](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/other-disorders/abdominal-adhesions/) - [Acute Hepatic Porphyria (AHP)](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/other-disorders/acute-hepatic-porphyria/) - [Anal Fistulas](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/other-disorders/anal-fistulas/) - [Celiac Disease](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/other-disorders/celiac-disease/) - [Clostridioides Difficile Infection (CDI)](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/other-disorders/clostridium-difficile/) - [Congenital Sucrase-Isomaltase Deficiency (CSID)](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/other-disorders/congenital-sucrase-isomaltase-deficiency-csid/) - [Diverticulosis and Diverticulitis](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/other-disorders/diverticulosis-and-diverticulitis/) - [Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/eosinophilic-gastroenteritis/) - [Food Allergies](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/other-disorders/food-allergies/) - [Inflammatory Bowel Disease](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/other-disorders/inflammatory-bowel-disease/) - [Lactose Intolerance](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/other-disorders/lactose-intolerance/) - [Malabsorption](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/malabsorption/) - [Opioid Induced Constipation](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/opioid-induced-constipation/) - [Radiation Therapy Injury](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/other-disorders/radiation-therapy-injury/) - [Scleroderma](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/scleroderma/) - [Short Bowel Syndrome](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/other-disorders/short-bowel-syndrome-2/) - [Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO)](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/other-disorders/small-intestinal-bacterial-overgrowth-sibo/) - [Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/other-disorders/sma-syndrome/) - [Volvulus](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/other-disorders/volvulus/) - [Rare Diseases](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/other-disorders/rare-diseases/) - [Symptoms & Causes](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/symptoms-causes/) - [The Digestive System](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/the-digestive-system/) - [The Human Gut Microbiome](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/the-human-gut-microbiome/) - [FGIMDs & Military Service](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/fgmid-and-military-service/) - [Kids & Teens](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/kids-teens/) - [Manage Your Health](https://iffgd.org/manage-your-health/) - [Your Healthcare Team](https://iffgd.org/manage-your-health/your-healthcare-team/) - [Working With Your Healthcare Provider](https://iffgd.org/manage-your-health/your-healthcare-team/working-with-your-healthcare-provider/) - [Healthcare Provider-Patient Communication](https://iffgd.org/manage-your-health/your-healthcare-team/doctor-patient-communication/) - [How to Help Your HCP Help You](https://iffgd.org/manage-your-health/your-healthcare-team/how-to-help-your-doctor-help-you/) - [Helpful Insights from a GI Doctor](https://iffgd.org/manage-your-health/your-healthcare-team/helpful-insights-from-a-gi-doctor/) - [GI Motility Testing: A Comprehensive Guide](https://iffgd.org/manage-your-health/gi-motility-tests/) - [Antroduodenal Manometry](https://iffgd.org/manage-your-health/gi-motility-tests/antroduodenal-manometry/) - [Colon Manometry: 6 Common Questions](https://iffgd.org/manage-your-health/gi-motility-tests/colon-manometry/) - [Hydrogen Breath Tests](https://iffgd.org/manage-your-health/gi-motility-tests/hydrogen-breath-tests/) - [Upper GI Endoscopy](https://iffgd.org/manage-your-health/gi-motility-tests/upper-gi-endoscopy/) - [Colonoscopies](https://iffgd.org/manage-your-health/gi-motility-tests/colonoscopies/) - [Diet & Treatment Overview](https://iffgd.org/manage-your-health/diet-and-treatments/) - [Antacids](https://iffgd.org/manage-your-health/diet-and-treatments/antacids/) - 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Now I am experiencing diarrhea. Should I be concerned?* Answer – Antibiotic therapy is a common source of diarrhea in both hospitalized patients and outpatients. Approximately 20% of patients taking antibiotics will develop diarrhea. There are two common causes of diarrhea in this setting. Change in normal colonic flora – Antibiotics can cause a change in the normal colonic flora or the type of bacteria that normally reside in the colon. Large numbers of bacteria reside in the colon, which play a very important role in maintaining the integrity of the lining (mucosa) of the colon and assisting in digestion of unabsorbed carbohydrates.![antibiotics](https://iffgd.org/wp-content/uploads/Gut-bacteria-1-300x300.jpg) When antibiotics are taken, they alter the number and types of bacteria present in the colon. The result is an impaired absorption of carbohydrates. This leads to water secretion and looser stools. The colonic bacteria are also crucial in producing organic acids, which act as vital nutrients in maintaining mucosal integrity. Should the mucosal integrity be impaired, one’s ability to reabsorb water in the colon will be limited. This can contribute to increased stool volume and diarrhea. [C. difficile](https://iffgd.org/resources/publication-library/clostridioides-difficile-infection/) – The second factor, which can cause diarrhea after antibiotic use, is C. difficile colitis. C. difficile is a bacterium that can increase in number after a course of antibiotics. This bacterium produces a toxin that causes inflammatory changes in the colon. These inflammatory changes result in both impaired water reabsorption in the colon and secretion of fluid resulting in diarrhea. ### Probiotics Probiotics, which are microorganisms that are ingested to provide a beneficial effect, have been shown to decrease the risk of antibiotic associated diarrhea. There are numerous preparations available over-the-counter. Discuss treatment options using probiotics with your healthcare provider. – Thomas Puetz, MD ### Learn more about bacteria in the GI tract [Bacteria in the GI Tract](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bc4y6rJqJT0) Contributor Thomas Puetz, MD, Gastroenterology, Aurora Advanced Healthcare, Mequon, WI ##### Share this page ##### Topics of this article - [Why do some antibiotics cause diarrhea and is this a cause for concern?](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/diarrhea/antibiotics-diarrhea/#elementor-toc__heading-anchor-0) - [Probiotics](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/diarrhea/antibiotics-diarrhea/#elementor-toc__heading-anchor-1) - [Learn more about bacteria in the GI tract](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/diarrhea/antibiotics-diarrhea/#elementor-toc__heading-anchor-2) ##### Read More - [Abdomino-Phrenic Dyssynergia (APD)](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/lower-gi-disorders/abdomino-phrenic-dyssynergia-apd/) - [Bowel Incontinence](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/lower-gi-disorders/bowel-incontinence/) - [Understanding Chronic or Functional Diarrhea](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/lower-gi-disorders/diarrhea/) - [Common Causes of Chronic Diarrhea](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/lower-gi-disorders/diarrhea/common-causes/) - [Managing Diarrhea](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/diarrhea/managing-diarrhea/) - [Antibiotics & Diarrhea](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/diarrhea/antibiotics-diarrhea/) - [Diet Strategies for Managing Chronic Diarrhea](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/diarrhea/nutrition-strategies/) - [Diarrhea & Incontinence Caused by Medication](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/lower-gi-disorders/diarrhea/diarrhea-incontinence-caused-by-medication/) - [Chronic Constipation](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/lower-gi-disorders/constipation/) - [Centrally Mediated Abdominal Pain Syndrome (CAPS)](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/centrally-mediated-abdominal-pain-syndrome/) - [Common Questions About Centrally Mediated Abdominal Pain Syndrome (CAPS)](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/lower-gi-disorders/centrally-mediated-abdominal-pain-syndrome/common-questions/) - [Dyssynergic Defecation: About a Common Cause of Chronic Constipation](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/lower-gi-disorders/dyssynergic-defecation/) - [Dyssynergic Defecation: Diagnosis](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/lower-gi-disorders/dyssynergic-defecation/diagnosis/) - [Dyssynergic Defecation: Treatment](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/lower-gi-disorders/dyssynergic-defecation/treatment-2/) - [Hirschsprung’s Disease](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/hirschsprungs-disease/) - [Intestinal Pseudo-obstruction](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/lower-gi-disorders/intestinal-pseudo-obstruction/) - [Irritable Bowel Syndrome](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/lower-gi-disorders/irritable-bowel-syndrome/) - [Opioid Induced Constipation](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/opioid-induced-constipation/) - [Managing and Treating Opioid Induced Constipation (OIC)](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/opioid-induced-constipation/managing-and-treating-opioid-induced-constipation-oic/) Was this article helpful? IFFGD is a nonprofit education and research organization. Our mission is to inform, assist, and support people affected by gastrointestinal disorders. Our original content is authored specifically for IFFGD readers, in response to your questions and concerns. If you found this article helpful, please consider supporting IFFGD with a small tax-deductible donation. [Make a donation](https://iffgd.org/get-involved/make-a-donation/) ##### Related Information [Abdomino-Phrenic Dyssynergia (APD)](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/lower-gi-disorders/abdomino-phrenic-dyssynergia-apd/) February 3, 2026 Watch Now Treatment options for patients with abdomino-phrenic dyssynergia (APD) Abdominal distension occurs when the abdominal or belly area visibly expands. In most patients, distension [Read More »](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/lower-gi-disorders/abdomino-phrenic-dyssynergia-apd/) [Types of Systemic Mastocytosis and Treatments](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/systemic-mastocytosis-sm/types-of-sm-and-treatments/) June 17, 2025 Subtypes of Systemic Mastocytosis There are several types of Systemic Mastocytosis. They differ in how many mast cells build up, where they build up in [Read More »](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/systemic-mastocytosis-sm/types-of-sm-and-treatments/) [Understanding Symptoms and Manifestations of Systemic Mastocytosis](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/systemic-mastocytosis-sm/symptoms-of-sm/) June 17, 2025 Systemic Mastocytosis (SM) can affect many parts of the body, and it may look different from one person to another. To better understand how this [Read More »](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/systemic-mastocytosis-sm/symptoms-of-sm/) ##### Personal Stories [Abdomino-Phrenic Dyssynergia (APD)](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/lower-gi-disorders/abdomino-phrenic-dyssynergia-apd/) February 3, 2026 Watch Now Treatment options for patients with abdomino-phrenic dyssynergia (APD) Abdominal distension occurs when the abdominal or belly area visibly expands. In most patients, distension [Read More »](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/lower-gi-disorders/abdomino-phrenic-dyssynergia-apd/) [Types of Systemic Mastocytosis and Treatments](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/systemic-mastocytosis-sm/types-of-sm-and-treatments/) June 17, 2025 Subtypes of Systemic Mastocytosis There are several types of Systemic Mastocytosis. They differ in how many mast cells build up, where they build up in [Read More »](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/systemic-mastocytosis-sm/types-of-sm-and-treatments/) [Understanding Symptoms and Manifestations of Systemic Mastocytosis](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/systemic-mastocytosis-sm/symptoms-of-sm/) June 17, 2025 Systemic Mastocytosis (SM) can affect many parts of the body, and it may look different from one person to another. To better understand how this [Read More »](https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/systemic-mastocytosis-sm/symptoms-of-sm/) ![IFFGD](https://iffgd.org/wp-content/uploads/iffgd-logo-reversed.png) International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders This information is in no way intended to replace the guidance of your doctor. We advise seeing a physician whenever a health problem arises requiring an expert’s care. © Copyright 2026 International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Inc. (IFFGD). 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Readable Markdown	## Why do some antibiotics cause diarrhea and is this a cause for concern? *Question – I have recently completed a course of antibiotics prior to having a dental procedure. Now I am experiencing diarrhea. Should I be concerned?* Answer – Antibiotic therapy is a common source of diarrhea in both hospitalized patients and outpatients. Approximately 20% of patients taking antibiotics will develop diarrhea. There are two common causes of diarrhea in this setting. Change in normal colonic flora – Antibiotics can cause a change in the normal colonic flora or the type of bacteria that normally reside in the colon. Large numbers of bacteria reside in the colon, which play a very important role in maintaining the integrity of the lining (mucosa) of the colon and assisting in digestion of unabsorbed carbohydrates.![antibiotics](https://iffgd.org/wp-content/uploads/Gut-bacteria-1-300x300.jpg) When antibiotics are taken, they alter the number and types of bacteria present in the colon. The result is an impaired absorption of carbohydrates. This leads to water secretion and looser stools. The colonic bacteria are also crucial in producing organic acids, which act as vital nutrients in maintaining mucosal integrity. Should the mucosal integrity be impaired, one’s ability to reabsorb water in the colon will be limited. This can contribute to increased stool volume and diarrhea. [C. difficile](https://iffgd.org/resources/publication-library/clostridioides-difficile-infection/) – The second factor, which can cause diarrhea after antibiotic use, is C. difficile colitis. C. difficile is a bacterium that can increase in number after a course of antibiotics. This bacterium produces a toxin that causes inflammatory changes in the colon. These inflammatory changes result in both impaired water reabsorption in the colon and secretion of fluid resulting in diarrhea. ### Probiotics Probiotics, which are microorganisms that are ingested to provide a beneficial effect, have been shown to decrease the risk of antibiotic associated diarrhea. There are numerous preparations available over-the-counter. Discuss treatment options using probiotics with your healthcare provider. – Thomas Puetz, MD ### Learn more about bacteria in the GI tract [Bacteria in the GI Tract](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bc4y6rJqJT0) Contributor Thomas Puetz, MD, Gastroenterology, Aurora Advanced Healthcare, Mequon, WI
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