🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 136 (from laksa121)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa136.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical, ml_categories_json AS ml_categories_json, ml_types_json AS ml_types_json, ml_intent_types_json AS ml_intent_types_json, meta_language AS meta_language, attrs_author AS attrs_author, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(attrs_publish_time), 0) AS attrs_publish_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(attrs_original_publish_time), 0) AS attrs_original_publish_time, ifNull(attrs_is_republished, 0) AS attrs_is_republished, ifNull(attrs_nr_words, 0) AS attrs_nr_words, ifNull(attrs_boilerpipe_nr_words, 0) AS attrs_boilerpipe_nr_words, ifNull(body_ext_links_number, 0) AS body_ext_links_number, ifNull(body_int_links_number, 0) AS body_int_links_number, ifNull(meta_nofollow, 0) AS meta_nofollow, ifNull(meta_noarchive, 0) AS meta_noarchive, ifNull(props_was_rendered, 0) AS props_was_rendered, ifNull(src_redirect, \'\') AS src_redirect, ifNull(download_time_msec, 0) AS download_time_msec, ifNull(download_ttfb_msec, 0) AS download_ttfb_msec, ifNull(download_size, 0) AS download_size FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://hsi.com/blog/dealing-with-extreme-cold-hypothermia-and-frostbite\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://hsi.com/blog/dealing-with-extreme-cold-hypothermia-and-frostbite\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/hsi.com\/blog\/dealing-with-extreme-cold-hypothermia-and-frostbite","crawl_time":1776639315,"first_indexed_time":1671206578,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"com,hsi!\/blog\/dealing-with-extreme-cold-hypothermia-and-frostbite s443","src_root_hash":"18370962516488487136","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Dealing With Extreme Cold, Hypothermia, and Frostbite - HSI","meta_descriptions":["Today's blog post reviews some emergency care techniques from our programs for two of the most common emergencies that can occur in cold weather: hypothermia and frostbite."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"2014 is coming in COLD. Across the U.S., temperatures are plummeting and wind chills arecolder than we've seen for a long time.\nThe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [\nsource\n] remind us that extreme cold weather is a dangerous situation that can bring on health emergencies in susceptible people, such as those without shelter, outdoor workers, and those who work in an area that is poorly insulated or without heat. What constitutes cold stress and its effects can vary across different areas of the country. In regions relatively unaccustomed to winter weather, near freezing temperatures are considered factors for “cold stress.” Whenever temperatures drop decidedly below normal and as wind speed increases, heat can more rapidly leave your body.\nToday's blog post shares some emergency care techniques and video clips from our programs concerning two of the most common emergencies that can occur in cold weather.\nHypothermia\nCold, wet temperatures can result in a lowering of the internal body temperature. Hypothermia, a generalized cooling of the body, occurs when the internal core body temperature has decreased to 95° F or less. It is a life-threatening condition.\nWithout early recognition and active care, surviving severe hypothermia is unlikely.\nAs the body temperature gets lower, body processes become impaired and eventually fail. Cardiac arrest may occur.\nTo help recognize hypothermia, look for pale, cold skin, uncontrollable shivering, loss of coordination, difficulty speaking, and an altered mental status.\nSevere hypothermia can result in the loss of shivering and a slowing of the breathing and heart rate.\nTo care for someone experiencing hypothermia, carefully and gently move him or her to a warmer place. Remove wet clothing and cover the person with something dry and warm. Cover the head and neck to retain body heat.\nIf available, activate EMS and get an AED if one is available. Be prepared to perform CPR and use the AED.\nIf you are far from professional medical care, begin actively re-warming the person. Place that person near a heat source. Put containers of warm, but not hot, water in contact with the person’s skin.\nIt is best to recognize and treat hypothermia early. The chance for survival decreases as the condition progresses.\nFrostbite\nFrostbite develops when skin freezes. Body parts that are exposed to extreme cold, such as fingers, toes, earlobes, cheeks, and nose, are the most likely to be affected.\nEarly recognition and care for frostbite can reduce or eliminate later complications. Early signs of developing frostbite include a pins-and-needles sensation and throbbing. Later signs include a loss of feeling in the affected part and firm, pale, cold, numb skin.\nMinor frostbite can be treated with simple rewarming using skin-to-skin contact, such as a warm hand.\nIf more serious, quickly get the person to a warmer place. Remove wet clothing. If available, activate EMS.\nWhen EMS is available, or there is any chance that the part may refreeze, do not try to re-warm the frostbitten area. Remove any jewelry from the affected areas. Place clean pads between frostbitten fingers and toes. Wrap the affected part with a clean towel or pad. Calm, comfort, and reassure the person until EMS providers arrive.\nDo not rub or massage the affected area or disturb blisters on frostbitten skin. Never give the victim alcoholic beverages. They do not help and may be harmful.\nIf you are far from professional medical care, and there is no chance refreezing will occur, re-warm the affected part yourself. Immerse the frostbitten area in warm water for 20–30 minutes. The water should be warm, not hot – just above normal body temperature. Check and maintain the water temperature often. Severe burning pain, swelling, blistering, and color changes may occur.\nDo not let the person use the affected part after it is thawed. Get the person to professional medical care as soon as you are able to.\nOther Types of Cold Stress\nto be aware of include\n:\nCold Water Immersion\n-\nCold water immersion creates a specific condition known as immersion hypothermia. It develops much more quickly than standard hypothermia because water conducts heat away from the body 25 times faster than air. Typically people in temperate climates don’t consider themselves at risk from hypothermia in the water, but hypothermia can occur in any water temperature below 70°F.\nSurvival times can be lengthened by wearing proper clothing (wool and synthetics and not cotton), using a personal flotation device (PFD, life vest, immersion suit, dry suit), and having a means of both signaling rescuers (strobe lights, personal locator beacon, whistles, flares, waterproof radio) and having a means of being retrieved from the water.\nTrench Foot\n- Trench foot, also known as immersion foot, is an injury of the feet resulting from prolonged exposure to wet and cold conditions. Trench foot can occur at temperatures as high as 60 degrees F if the feet are constantly wet. Injury occurs because wet feet lose heat 25-times faster than dry feet. Therefore, to prevent heat loss, the body constricts blood vessels to shut down circulation in the feet. Skin tissue begins to die because of lack of oxygen and nutrients and due to the buildup of toxic products.\nChilblains\n- Chilblains are caused by the repeated exposure of skin to temperatures just above freezing to as high as 60 degrees F. The cold exposure causes damage to the capillary beds (groups of small blood vessels) in the skin. This damage is permanent and the redness and itching will return with additional exposure. The redness and itching typically occurs on cheeks, ears, fingers, and toes.\nThis winter, please keep it safe by dressing appropriately and limiting your exposure to these brutally cold conditions!\nSpecial note for our safety professional readers:\nSummit Training Source offers a cold weather prevention course to help you keep your employees safe during challenging winter conditions.","attrs_markdown":"[Health & Safety Institute (HSI)](https:\/\/hsi.com\/)\n\nMenu\n\n- [HSI Intelligence AI](https:\/\/hsi.com\/blog\/dealing-with-extreme-cold-hypothermia-and-frostbite \"EHS AI\")\n  - [Overview](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/hsi-intelligence \"Overview\")\n  - [SkyTM AI Assistant](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety\/sky-ai-assistant \"Sky™ AI Assistant\")\n  *›*\n- [Solutions](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety \"Solutions\")\n  - [All EHS Solutions](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety \"All EHS Solutions\")\n  - [Worker Safety](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety\/worker-safety \"Worker Safety\")\n  - [Incident Management](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety\/incident-management \"Incident Management\")\n  - [Audit Management](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety\/audit-management \"Audit Management\")\n  - [Checklists & Inspections](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety\/checklist-inspections \"Checklists & Inspections\")\n  - [Compliance Management](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety\/compliance-management \"Compliance Management\")\n  - [Safety Meetings](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety\/safety-meetings-management \"Safety Meetings\")\n  - [Hazards & Observations](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety\/observations-management \"Hazards & Observations\")\n  - [Safety Training](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/safety-training \"Safety Training\")\n  - [Worker Wellness](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety\/worker-wellness \"Worker Wellness\")\n  - [Ergonomics](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety\/ergonomics-management \"Ergonomics\")\n  - [Injury & Claims](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety\/injury-claims-management \"Injury & Claims\")\n  - [Control of Work](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety\/control-of-work \"Control of Work\")\n  - [Quality Management](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety\/quality-management \"Quality Management\")\n  - [Permit to Work](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety\/permit-to-work \"Permit to Work\")\n  - [Contractor Management](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety\/contractor-management \"Contractor Management\")\n  - [Project Management](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety\/project-management \"Project Management\")\n  - [Obligation Management](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety\/obligations-management \"Obligation Management\")\n  - [Chemical Management](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/chemical-management \"Chemical Management\")\n  - [SDS Management](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/chemical-management\/sds-management \"SDS Management\")\n  - [On-site Chemical Inventory](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/chemical-management\/on-site-inventory \"On-site Chemical Inventory\")\n  - [SDS Authoring](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/chemical-management\/sds-authoring \"SDS Authoring\")\n  - [24-Hour Chemical Hotline](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/chemical-management\/24-hour-hotline \"24-Hour Chemical Hotline\")\n  - [HazCom Signage](https:\/\/hsi.com\/blog\/hazcom-signage \"HazCom Signage\")\n  - [Operational Risk](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety\/operational-risk \"Operational Risk\")\n  - [Risk Management](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety\/risk-management \"Risk Management\")\n  - [Vendor & Supplier Management](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety\/vendor-supplier-management \"Vendor & Supplier Management\")\n  - [Management of Change (MOC)](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety\/change-management \"Management of Change (MOC)\")\n  - [JSA & JHA](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety\/job-safety-analysis-job-hazard-analysis \"JSA & JHA\")\n  - [Environmental Social Governance (ESG)](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/esg-environmental-social-governance \"Environmental Social Governance (ESG)\")\n  - [GHG Management](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety\/greenhouse-gases \"GHG Management\")\n  - [Social & Governance Metrics](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/esg-environmental-social-governance\/esg-reporting \"Social & Governance Metrics\")\n  - [CSRD & Reporting](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/keyesg-partnership \"CSRD & Reporting\")\n  - [Training & Learning](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/training-and-employee-development \"Training & Learning\")\n  - [Course Library](https:\/\/hsi.com\/courses \"Course Library\")\n  - [Safety Training](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/safety-training \"Safety Training\")\n  - [Industrial Skills Training](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/industrial-skills-training \"Industrial Skills Training\")\n  - [HR Compliance & Soft Skills](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/employee-training-and-development \"HR Compliance & Soft Skills\")\n  - [LMS - Learning Management](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/learning-management-system \"LMS - Learning Management\")\n  - [OSHA 10 & 30 Hour Training](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/osha-10-30-online-training \"OSHA 10 & 30 Hour Training\")\n  - [MSHA Training](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/msha\/msha-overview \"MSHA Training\")\n  - [CPR, First Aid & Emergency Care](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/cpr-aed-first-aid-training \"CPR, First Aid & Emergency Care\")\n  - [CPR, AED & First Aid](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/cpr-aed-first-aid-training \"CPR, AED & First Aid\")\n  - [Active Shooter Response](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/active-shooter-training \"Active Shooter Response\")\n  - [First Responder Continuing Education](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/first-responder-continuing-education-training \"First Responder Continuing Education\")\n  *›*\n- [Platform](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/compliance-and-safety-software \"Platform\")\n  - [All-in-One Platform Overview](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety\/platform-overview \"All-in-One Platform Overview\")\n  - [AI - HSI Intelligence](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/hsi-intelligence \"AI - HSI Intelligence\")\n  - [Mobile + Offline](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety\/ehs-mobile-features \"Mobile + Offline\")\n  - [Cloud + No-Code Technology](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety\/cloud-no-code-technology \"Cloud + No-Code Technology\")\n  - [Configurability + UI](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety\/ehs-configuration \"Configurability + UI\")\n  - [Reporting & Dashboards](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety\/ehs-data-visibility \"Reporting & Dashboards\")\n  - [Why HSI for EHS](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety\/why-hsi \"Why HSI for EHS\")\n  *›*\n- [Industries](https:\/\/hsi.com\/industries\/industry-overview \"Industries\")\n  - [Agriculture & Food](https:\/\/hsi.com\/industries\/food \"Agriculture & Food\")\n  - [Automotive](https:\/\/hsi.com\/industries\/automotive \"Automotive\")\n  - [Construction](https:\/\/hsi.com\/industries\/construction \"Construction\")\n  - [Education](https:\/\/hsi.com\/industries\/elementary-and-secondary-schools \"Education\")\n  - [Energy, Power, Utilities](https:\/\/hsi.com\/industries\/energy-and-utilities \"Energy, Power, Utilities\")\n  - [Financial Services](https:\/\/hsi.com\/industries\/banking \"Financial Services\")\n  - [Government](https:\/\/hsi.com\/industries\/municipalities \"Government\")\n  - [Healthcare](https:\/\/hsi.com\/industries\/healthcare \"Healthcare\")\n  - [Higher Education](https:\/\/hsi.com\/industries\/higher-education \"Higher Education\")\n  - [Manufacturing](https:\/\/hsi.com\/industries\/manufacturing \"Manufacturing\")\n  - [Mining & Metals](https:\/\/hsi.com\/industries\/mining \"Mining & Metals\")\n  - [Oil & Gas](https:\/\/hsi.com\/industries\/oil-and-gas \"Oil & Gas\")\n  - [Telecommunications](https:\/\/hsi.com\/industries\/telecommunications \"Telecommunications\")\n  - [Transportation](https:\/\/hsi.com\/industries\/transportation \"Transportation\")\n  *›*\n- [Services](https:\/\/hsi.com\/services\/customer-success \"Services\")\n  - [Customer Success](https:\/\/hsi.com\/services\/customer-success \"Customer Success\")\n  - [Support Services](https:\/\/hsi.com\/services\/support-services \"Support Services\")\n  - [Implementation](https:\/\/hsi.com\/services\/implementation-services \"Implementation\")\n  *›*\n- [Resources](https:\/\/hsi.com\/resources \"Resources\")\n  - [Blog](https:\/\/hsi.com\/blog \"Blog\")\n  - [Case Studies](https:\/\/hsi.com\/resources\/case-study \"Case Studies\")\n  - [White Papers & eBooks](https:\/\/hsi.com\/resources\/white-paper \"White Papers & eBooks\")\n  - [Webinars](https:\/\/hsi.com\/resources\/webinar \"Webinars\")\n  - [Safety Tips \/ Toolbox Talks](https:\/\/hsi.com\/resources\/safety-tip \"Safety Tips \/ Toolbox Talks\")\n  - [Supervisor Safety Tip Videos](https:\/\/hsi.com\/resources\/supervisor-safety-tip \"Supervisor Safety Tip Videos\")\n  - [Podcast - Accidental Safety Pro](https:\/\/hsi.com\/podcast\/accidentalSafetyPro \"Podcast - Accidental Safety Pro\")\n  - [Checklists, Templates & Toolkits](https:\/\/hsi.com\/resources\/checklist-template-toolkit \"Checklists, Templates & Toolkits\")\n  - [Guides](https:\/\/hsi.com\/resources\/guides \"Guides\")\n  *›*\n- [About HSI](https:\/\/hsi.com\/about-hsi \"About HSI\")\n  - [About HSI](https:\/\/hsi.com\/about-hsi \"About HSI\")\n  - [News](https:\/\/hsi.com\/news \"News\")\n  - [Careers](https:\/\/apply.workable.com\/hsi-1\/ \"Opens in a new window\")\n  - [Partnerships](https:\/\/hsi.com\/partnerships \"Partnerships\")\n  - [Contact Us](https:\/\/hsi.com\/contact \"Contact Us\")\n  - [Terms & Policies](https:\/\/hsi.com\/legal \"Terms & Policies\")\n  *›*\n\n[Login](https:\/\/hsi.com\/login) [Book a Demo](https:\/\/hsi.com\/blog\/dealing-with-extreme-cold-hypothermia-and-frostbite#formLetsTalk)\n\n![](https:\/\/hsi.com\/assets\/images\/menu-open-icon.svg)\n\n[Back to the blog](https:\/\/hsi.com\/blog)\n\n# Dealing With Extreme Cold, Hypothermia, and Frostbite\n[Workplace Safety](https:\/\/hsi.com\/blog\/category\/workplace-safety)\n\n[Email this post](<mailto:?subject=I wanted you share this with you&body=Check out this site https:\/\/hsi.com\/blog\/dealing-with-extreme-cold-hypothermia-and-frostbite > \"Opens in a new window\") [Share on Facebook](https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u=https:\/\/hsi.com\/blog\/dealing-with-extreme-cold-hypothermia-and-frostbite \"Opens in a new window\") [Share on Twitter](https:\/\/twitter.com\/share?url=https:\/\/hsi.com\/blog\/dealing-with-extreme-cold-hypothermia-and-frostbite \"Opens in a new window\") [Share on LinkedIn](https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/sharing\/share-offsite\/?url=https:\/\/hsi.com\/blog\/dealing-with-extreme-cold-hypothermia-and-frostbite \"Opens in a new window\")\n\n![](https:\/\/hsiassetstorage.sfo2.digitaloceanspaces.com\/transforms\/blogimages\/8342\/111790061_copy_d4bd353bac6a5f3a10ab94d9650d3531.webp)\n\n2014 is coming in COLD. Across the U.S., temperatures are plummeting and wind chills arecolder than we've seen for a long time.\n\nThe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) \\[[source](https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/niosh\/topics\/coldstress\/ \"Opens in a new window\")\\] remind us that extreme cold weather is a dangerous situation that can bring on health emergencies in susceptible people, such as those without shelter, outdoor workers, and those who work in an area that is poorly insulated or without heat. What constitutes cold stress and its effects can vary across different areas of the country. In regions relatively unaccustomed to winter weather, near freezing temperatures are considered factors for “cold stress.” Whenever temperatures drop decidedly below normal and as wind speed increases, heat can more rapidly leave your body.\n\nToday's blog post shares some emergency care techniques and video clips from our programs concerning two of the most common emergencies that can occur in cold weather.\n\n***Hypothermia***  \nCold, wet temperatures can result in a lowering of the internal body temperature. Hypothermia, a generalized cooling of the body, occurs when the internal core body temperature has decreased to 95° F or less. It is a life-threatening condition.\n\nWithout early recognition and active care, surviving severe hypothermia is unlikely.\n\nAs the body temperature gets lower, body processes become impaired and eventually fail. Cardiac arrest may occur.\n\nTo help recognize hypothermia, look for pale, cold skin, uncontrollable shivering, loss of coordination, difficulty speaking, and an altered mental status.\n\nSevere hypothermia can result in the loss of shivering and a slowing of the breathing and heart rate.\n\nTo care for someone experiencing hypothermia, carefully and gently move him or her to a warmer place. Remove wet clothing and cover the person with something dry and warm. Cover the head and neck to retain body heat.\n\nIf available, activate EMS and get an AED if one is available. Be prepared to perform CPR and use the AED.\n\nIf you are far from professional medical care, begin actively re-warming the person. Place that person near a heat source. Put containers of warm, but not hot, water in contact with the person’s skin.\n\nIt is best to recognize and treat hypothermia early. The chance for survival decreases as the condition progresses.\n\n***Frostbite***  \nFrostbite develops when skin freezes. Body parts that are exposed to extreme cold, such as fingers, toes, earlobes, cheeks, and nose, are the most likely to be affected.\n\nEarly recognition and care for frostbite can reduce or eliminate later complications. Early signs of developing frostbite include a pins-and-needles sensation and throbbing. Later signs include a loss of feeling in the affected part and firm, pale, cold, numb skin.\n\nMinor frostbite can be treated with simple rewarming using skin-to-skin contact, such as a warm hand.\n\nIf more serious, quickly get the person to a warmer place. Remove wet clothing. If available, activate EMS.\n\nWhen EMS is available, or there is any chance that the part may refreeze, do not try to re-warm the frostbitten area. Remove any jewelry from the affected areas. Place clean pads between frostbitten fingers and toes. Wrap the affected part with a clean towel or pad. Calm, comfort, and reassure the person until EMS providers arrive.\n\nDo not rub or massage the affected area or disturb blisters on frostbitten skin. Never give the victim alcoholic beverages. They do not help and may be harmful.\n\nIf you are far from professional medical care, and there is no chance refreezing will occur, re-warm the affected part yourself. Immerse the frostbitten area in warm water for 20–30 minutes. The water should be warm, not hot – just above normal body temperature. Check and maintain the water temperature often. Severe burning pain, swelling, blistering, and color changes may occur.\n\nDo not let the person use the affected part after it is thawed. Get the person to professional medical care as soon as you are able to.\n\n**[Other Types of Cold Stress](https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/niosh\/topics\/coldstress\/ \"Opens in a new window\") to be aware of include****:**\n\n***Cold Water Immersion* -** Cold water immersion creates a specific condition known as immersion hypothermia. It develops much more quickly than standard hypothermia because water conducts heat away from the body 25 times faster than air. Typically people in temperate climates don’t consider themselves at risk from hypothermia in the water, but hypothermia can occur in any water temperature below 70°F.\n\nSurvival times can be lengthened by wearing proper clothing (wool and synthetics and not cotton), using a personal flotation device (PFD, life vest, immersion suit, dry suit), and having a means of both signaling rescuers (strobe lights, personal locator beacon, whistles, flares, waterproof radio) and having a means of being retrieved from the water.\n\n***Trench Foot*** \\- Trench foot, also known as immersion foot, is an injury of the feet resulting from prolonged exposure to wet and cold conditions. Trench foot can occur at temperatures as high as 60 degrees F if the feet are constantly wet. Injury occurs because wet feet lose heat 25-times faster than dry feet. Therefore, to prevent heat loss, the body constricts blood vessels to shut down circulation in the feet. Skin tissue begins to die because of lack of oxygen and nutrients and due to the buildup of toxic products.\n\n***Chilblains*** \\- Chilblains are caused by the repeated exposure of skin to temperatures just above freezing to as high as 60 degrees F. The cold exposure causes damage to the capillary beds (groups of small blood vessels) in the skin. This damage is permanent and the redness and itching will return with additional exposure. The redness and itching typically occurs on cheeks, ears, fingers, and toes.\n\nThis winter, please keep it safe by dressing appropriately and limiting your exposure to these brutally cold conditions\\!\n\n**Special note for our safety professional readers:** Summit Training Source offers a cold weather prevention course to help you keep your employees safe during challenging winter conditions.\n\n#### Related Articles\n[Recognizing and Preventing Cold Stress It’s important for workers to recognize signs of cold stress and to know how they can protect themselves from cold... Workplace Safety ![](https:\/\/hsiassetstorage.sfo2.digitaloceanspaces.com\/transforms\/blogimages\/520401\/recognizing_preventing_cold_stress_blog_header_d723f80693be2248d2e8e7e024ef7a08.webp)](https:\/\/hsi.com\/blog\/recognizing-preventing-cold-stress)\n\n![Health & Safety Institute](https:\/\/hsi.com\/assets\/images\/hsi-logo-dark-mode.svg)\n\n##### Stay Connected\nSubscribe to our newsletter and get resources from HSI.\n\nNeed Help?\n\n[Troubleshooting Support](https:\/\/hsi.com\/contact)\n\n[Training & Employee Development](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/training-and-employee-development)\n\n[CPR, AED, and First Aid Training](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/cpr-aed-first-aid-training) [Active Shooter Training](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/active-shooter-training) [Industrial Skills Training](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/industrial-skills-training) [Professional Skills Development](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/employee-training-and-development) [First Responder Continuing Education Training](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/first-responder-continuing-education-training) [eLearning Pricing](https:\/\/hsi.com\/elearning-pricing) [View All Training](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/training-and-employee-development)\n\n[Compliance & Safety Software](https:\/\/hsi.com\/blog\/dealing-with-extreme-cold-hypothermia-and-frostbite)\n\n[EHS: Environmental Health & Safety](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety) [Chemical Management](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/chemical-management) [LMS: Learning Management System](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/learning-management-system) [View All Software](https:\/\/hsi.com\/blog\/dealing-with-extreme-cold-hypothermia-and-frostbite)\n\n[Company Info](https:\/\/hsi.com\/about-hsi)\n\n[News](https:\/\/hsi.com\/news) [Careers](https:\/\/hsi.com\/careers) [Partnerships](https:\/\/hsi.com\/partnerships) [Contact](https:\/\/hsi.com\/contact)\n\n[Privacy](https:\/\/hsi.com\/privacy) [Terms of Use](https:\/\/hsi.com\/terms) © 2026 HSI. All Rights Reserved.\n\n[Facebook](https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/HealthandSafetyInstitute \"Opens in a new window\") [Twitter](https:\/\/twitter.com\/hsi_brands \"Opens in a new window\") [LinkedIn](https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/health-%26-safety-institute \"Opens in a new window\") [YouTube](https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/HealthandSafetyInst\/ \"Opens in a new window\")\n\n[Health & Safety Institute (HSI)](https:\/\/hsi.com\/)\n\n[Login](https:\/\/hsi.com\/login) [Let's Talk](https:\/\/hsi.com\/blog\/dealing-with-extreme-cold-hypothermia-and-frostbite#formLetsTalk)\n\n[Close Menu]()\n\n- Solutions\n  - [All EHS Solutions](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety)\n  - [Worker Safety](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety\/worker-safety)\n  - [Incident Management](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety\/incident-management)\n  - [Audit Management](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety\/audit-management)\n  - [Checklists & Inspections](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety\/checklist-inspections)\n  - [Compliance Management](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety\/compliance-management)\n  - [Safety Meetings](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety\/safety-meetings-management)\n  - [Hazards & Observations](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety\/observations-management)\n  - [Safety Training](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/safety-training)\n  - [Worker Wellness](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety\/worker-wellness)\n  - [Ergonomics](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety\/ergonomics-management)\n  - [Injury & Claims](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety\/injury-claims-management)\n  - [Control of Work](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety\/control-of-work)\n  - [Quality Management](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety\/quality-management)\n  - [Permit to Work](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety\/permit-to-work)\n  - [Contractor Management](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety\/contractor-management)\n  - [Project Management](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety\/project-management)\n  - [Obligation Management](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety\/obligations-management)\n  - [Chemical Management](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/chemical-management)\n  - [SDS Management](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/chemical-management\/sds-management)\n  - [On-site Chemical Inventory](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/chemical-management\/on-site-inventory)\n  - [SDS Authoring](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/chemical-management\/sds-authoring)\n  - [24-Hour Chemical Hotline](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/chemical-management\/24-hour-hotline)\n  - [HazCom Signage](https:\/\/hsi.com\/blog\/hazcom-signage)\n  - [Operational Risk](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety\/operational-risk)\n  - [Risk Management](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety\/risk-management)\n  - [Vendor & Supplier Management](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety\/vendor-supplier-management)\n  - [Management of Change (MOC)](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety\/change-management)\n  - [JSA & JHA](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety\/job-safety-analysis-job-hazard-analysis)\n  - [Environmental Social Governance (ESG)](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/esg-environmental-social-governance)\n  - [GHG Management](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety\/greenhouse-gases)\n  - [Social & Governance Metrics](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/esg-environmental-social-governance\/esg-reporting)\n  - [CSRD & Reporting](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/keyesg-partnership)\n  - [Training & Learning](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/training-and-employee-development)\n  - [Course Library](https:\/\/hsi.com\/courses)\n  - [Safety Training](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/safety-training)\n  - [Industrial Skills Training](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/industrial-skills-training)\n  - [HR Compliance & Soft Skills](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/employee-training-and-development)\n  - [LMS - Learning Management](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/learning-management-system)\n  - [OSHA 10 & 30 Hour Training](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/osha-10-30-online-training)\n  - [MSHA Training](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/msha\/msha-overview)\n  - [CPR, First Aid & Emergency Care](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/cpr-aed-first-aid-training)\n  - [CPR, AED & First Aid](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/cpr-aed-first-aid-training)\n  - [Active Shooter Response](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/active-shooter-training)\n  - [First Responder Continuing Education](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/first-responder-continuing-education-training)\n  - [Solutions »](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety)\n- Platform\n  - [All-in-One Platform Overview](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety\/platform-overview)\n  - [AI - HSI Intelligence](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/hsi-intelligence)\n  - [Mobile + Offline](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety\/ehs-mobile-features)\n  - [Cloud + No-Code Technology](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety\/cloud-no-code-technology)\n  - [Configurability + UI](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety\/ehs-configuration)\n  - [Reporting & Dashboards](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety\/ehs-data-visibility)\n  - [Why HSI for EHS](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety\/why-hsi)\n  - [Platform »](https:\/\/hsi.com\/solutions\/compliance-and-safety-software)\n- Industries\n  - [Agriculture & Food](https:\/\/hsi.com\/industries\/food)\n  - [Automotive](https:\/\/hsi.com\/industries\/automotive)\n  - [Construction](https:\/\/hsi.com\/industries\/construction)\n  - [Education](https:\/\/hsi.com\/industries\/elementary-and-secondary-schools)\n  - [Energy, Power, Utilities](https:\/\/hsi.com\/industries\/energy-and-utilities)\n  - [Financial Services](https:\/\/hsi.com\/industries\/banking)\n  - [Government](https:\/\/hsi.com\/industries\/municipalities)\n  - [Healthcare](https:\/\/hsi.com\/industries\/healthcare)\n  - [Higher Education](https:\/\/hsi.com\/industries\/higher-education)\n  - [Manufacturing](https:\/\/hsi.com\/industries\/manufacturing)\n  - [Mining & Metals](https:\/\/hsi.com\/industries\/mining)\n  - [Oil & Gas](https:\/\/hsi.com\/industries\/oil-and-gas)\n  - [Telecommunications](https:\/\/hsi.com\/industries\/telecommunications)\n  - [Transportation](https:\/\/hsi.com\/industries\/transportation)\n  - [Industries »](https:\/\/hsi.com\/industries\/industry-overview)\n- Services\n  - [Customer Success](https:\/\/hsi.com\/services\/customer-success)\n  - [Support Services](https:\/\/hsi.com\/services\/support-services)\n  - [Implementation](https:\/\/hsi.com\/services\/implementation-services)\n  - [Services »](https:\/\/hsi.com\/services\/customer-success)\n- Resources\n  - [Blog](https:\/\/hsi.com\/blog)\n  - [Case Studies](https:\/\/hsi.com\/resources\/case-study)\n  - [White Papers & eBooks](https:\/\/hsi.com\/resources\/white-paper)\n  - [Webinars](https:\/\/hsi.com\/resources\/webinar)\n  - [Safety Tips \/ Toolbox Talks](https:\/\/hsi.com\/resources\/safety-tip)\n  - [Supervisor Safety Tip Videos](https:\/\/hsi.com\/resources\/supervisor-safety-tip)\n  - [Podcast - Accidental Safety Pro](https:\/\/hsi.com\/podcast\/accidentalSafetyPro)\n  - [Checklists, Templates & Toolkits](https:\/\/hsi.com\/resources\/checklist-template-toolkit)\n  - [Guides](https:\/\/hsi.com\/resources\/guides)\n  - [Resources »](https:\/\/hsi.com\/resources)\n- About HSI\n  - [About HSI](https:\/\/hsi.com\/about-hsi)\n  - [News](https:\/\/hsi.com\/news)\n  - [Careers](https:\/\/apply.workable.com\/hsi-1\/ \"Opens in a new window\")\n  - [Partnerships](https:\/\/hsi.com\/partnerships)\n  - [Contact Us](https:\/\/hsi.com\/contact)\n  - [Terms & Policies](https:\/\/hsi.com\/legal)\n  - [About HSI »](https:\/\/hsi.com\/about-hsi)\n### Request a Consultation","attrs_readable_markdown":"2014 is coming in COLD. Across the U.S., temperatures are plummeting and wind chills arecolder than we've seen for a long time.\n\nThe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) \\[[source](https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/niosh\/topics\/coldstress\/ \"Opens in a new window\")\\] remind us that extreme cold weather is a dangerous situation that can bring on health emergencies in susceptible people, such as those without shelter, outdoor workers, and those who work in an area that is poorly insulated or without heat. What constitutes cold stress and its effects can vary across different areas of the country. In regions relatively unaccustomed to winter weather, near freezing temperatures are considered factors for “cold stress.” Whenever temperatures drop decidedly below normal and as wind speed increases, heat can more rapidly leave your body.\n\nToday's blog post shares some emergency care techniques and video clips from our programs concerning two of the most common emergencies that can occur in cold weather.\n\n***Hypothermia***  \nCold, wet temperatures can result in a lowering of the internal body temperature. Hypothermia, a generalized cooling of the body, occurs when the internal core body temperature has decreased to 95° F or less. It is a life-threatening condition.\n\nWithout early recognition and active care, surviving severe hypothermia is unlikely.\n\nAs the body temperature gets lower, body processes become impaired and eventually fail. Cardiac arrest may occur.\n\nTo help recognize hypothermia, look for pale, cold skin, uncontrollable shivering, loss of coordination, difficulty speaking, and an altered mental status.\n\nSevere hypothermia can result in the loss of shivering and a slowing of the breathing and heart rate.\n\nTo care for someone experiencing hypothermia, carefully and gently move him or her to a warmer place. Remove wet clothing and cover the person with something dry and warm. Cover the head and neck to retain body heat.\n\nIf available, activate EMS and get an AED if one is available. Be prepared to perform CPR and use the AED.\n\nIf you are far from professional medical care, begin actively re-warming the person. Place that person near a heat source. Put containers of warm, but not hot, water in contact with the person’s skin.\n\nIt is best to recognize and treat hypothermia early. The chance for survival decreases as the condition progresses.\n\n***Frostbite***  \nFrostbite develops when skin freezes. Body parts that are exposed to extreme cold, such as fingers, toes, earlobes, cheeks, and nose, are the most likely to be affected.\n\nEarly recognition and care for frostbite can reduce or eliminate later complications. Early signs of developing frostbite include a pins-and-needles sensation and throbbing. Later signs include a loss of feeling in the affected part and firm, pale, cold, numb skin.\n\nMinor frostbite can be treated with simple rewarming using skin-to-skin contact, such as a warm hand.\n\nIf more serious, quickly get the person to a warmer place. Remove wet clothing. If available, activate EMS.\n\nWhen EMS is available, or there is any chance that the part may refreeze, do not try to re-warm the frostbitten area. Remove any jewelry from the affected areas. Place clean pads between frostbitten fingers and toes. Wrap the affected part with a clean towel or pad. Calm, comfort, and reassure the person until EMS providers arrive.\n\nDo not rub or massage the affected area or disturb blisters on frostbitten skin. Never give the victim alcoholic beverages. They do not help and may be harmful.\n\nIf you are far from professional medical care, and there is no chance refreezing will occur, re-warm the affected part yourself. Immerse the frostbitten area in warm water for 20–30 minutes. The water should be warm, not hot – just above normal body temperature. Check and maintain the water temperature often. Severe burning pain, swelling, blistering, and color changes may occur.\n\nDo not let the person use the affected part after it is thawed. Get the person to professional medical care as soon as you are able to.\n\n**[Other Types of Cold Stress](https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/niosh\/topics\/coldstress\/ \"Opens in a new window\") to be aware of include****:**\n\n***Cold Water Immersion* -** Cold water immersion creates a specific condition known as immersion hypothermia. It develops much more quickly than standard hypothermia because water conducts heat away from the body 25 times faster than air. Typically people in temperate climates don’t consider themselves at risk from hypothermia in the water, but hypothermia can occur in any water temperature below 70°F.\n\nSurvival times can be lengthened by wearing proper clothing (wool and synthetics and not cotton), using a personal flotation device (PFD, life vest, immersion suit, dry suit), and having a means of both signaling rescuers (strobe lights, personal locator beacon, whistles, flares, waterproof radio) and having a means of being retrieved from the water.\n\n***Trench Foot*** \\- Trench foot, also known as immersion foot, is an injury of the feet resulting from prolonged exposure to wet and cold conditions. Trench foot can occur at temperatures as high as 60 degrees F if the feet are constantly wet. Injury occurs because wet feet lose heat 25-times faster than dry feet. Therefore, to prevent heat loss, the body constricts blood vessels to shut down circulation in the feet. Skin tissue begins to die because of lack of oxygen and nutrients and due to the buildup of toxic products.\n\n***Chilblains*** \\- Chilblains are caused by the repeated exposure of skin to temperatures just above freezing to as high as 60 degrees F. The cold exposure causes damage to the capillary beds (groups of small blood vessels) in the skin. This damage is permanent and the redness and itching will return with additional exposure. The redness and itching typically occurs on cheeks, ears, fingers, and toes.\n\nThis winter, please keep it safe by dressing appropriately and limiting your exposure to these brutally cold conditions\\!\n\n**Special note for our safety professional readers:** Summit Training Source offers a cold weather prevention course to help you keep your employees safe during challenging winter conditions.","meta_canonical":null,"ml_categories_json":"{\"\/Health\":989,\"\/Health\/Public_Health\":572,\"\/Health\/Public_Health\/Health_Policy\":261}","ml_types_json":"{\"\/Article\":995,\"\/Article\/How_to\":599}","ml_intent_types_json":"{\"Informational\":999}","meta_language":"en","attrs_author":null,"attrs_publish_time":0,"attrs_original_publish_time":1671206578,"attrs_is_republished":0,"attrs_nr_words":"2263","attrs_boilerpipe_nr_words":"974","body_ext_links_number":14,"body_int_links_number":97,"meta_nofollow":0,"meta_noarchive":0,"props_was_rendered":1,"src_redirect":"","download_time_msec":310,"download_ttfb_msec":308,"download_size":16125}

3. Robots.txt Check

Query:

Response:

4. Spam/Ban Check

Query:

Response:

5. Seen Status Check

ℹ️ Skipped - page is already crawled

📄

INDEXABLE

✅

CRAWLED

6 days ago

🤖

ROBOTS ALLOWED

Page Info Filters

Filter	Status	Condition	Details
HTTP status	PASS	`download_http_code = 200`	HTTP 200
Age cutoff	PASS	`download_stamp > now() - 6 MONTH`	0.2 months ago
History drop	PASS	`isNull(history_drop_reason)`	No drop reason
Spam/ban	PASS	`fh_dont_index != 1 AND ml_spam_score = 0`	ml_spam_score=0
Canonical	PASS	`meta_canonical IS NULL OR = '' OR = src_unparsed`	Not set

Page Details

Property

Value

URL

https://hsi.com/blog/dealing-with-extreme-cold-hypothermia-and-frostbite

Last Crawled

2026-04-19 22:55:15 (6 days ago)

First Indexed

2022-12-16 16:02:58 (3 years ago)

HTTP Status Code

200

Content

Meta Title

Dealing With Extreme Cold, Hypothermia, and Frostbite - HSI

Meta Description

Today's blog post reviews some emergency care techniques from our programs for two of the most common emergencies that can occur in cold weather: hypothermia and frostbite.

Meta Canonical

null

Boilerpipe Text

2014 is coming in COLD. Across the U.S., temperatures are plummeting and wind chills arecolder than we've seen for a long time. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [ source ] remind us that extreme cold weather is a dangerous situation that can bring on health emergencies in susceptible people, such as those without shelter, outdoor workers, and those who work in an area that is poorly insulated or without heat. What constitutes cold stress and its effects can vary across different areas of the country. In regions relatively unaccustomed to winter weather, near freezing temperatures are considered factors for “cold stress.” Whenever temperatures drop decidedly below normal and as wind speed increases, heat can more rapidly leave your body. Today's blog post shares some emergency care techniques and video clips from our programs concerning two of the most common emergencies that can occur in cold weather. Hypothermia Cold, wet temperatures can result in a lowering of the internal body temperature. Hypothermia, a generalized cooling of the body, occurs when the internal core body temperature has decreased to 95° F or less. It is a life-threatening condition. Without early recognition and active care, surviving severe hypothermia is unlikely. As the body temperature gets lower, body processes become impaired and eventually fail. Cardiac arrest may occur. To help recognize hypothermia, look for pale, cold skin, uncontrollable shivering, loss of coordination, difficulty speaking, and an altered mental status. Severe hypothermia can result in the loss of shivering and a slowing of the breathing and heart rate. To care for someone experiencing hypothermia, carefully and gently move him or her to a warmer place. Remove wet clothing and cover the person with something dry and warm. Cover the head and neck to retain body heat. If available, activate EMS and get an AED if one is available. Be prepared to perform CPR and use the AED. If you are far from professional medical care, begin actively re-warming the person. Place that person near a heat source. Put containers of warm, but not hot, water in contact with the person’s skin. It is best to recognize and treat hypothermia early. The chance for survival decreases as the condition progresses. Frostbite Frostbite develops when skin freezes. Body parts that are exposed to extreme cold, such as fingers, toes, earlobes, cheeks, and nose, are the most likely to be affected. Early recognition and care for frostbite can reduce or eliminate later complications. Early signs of developing frostbite include a pins-and-needles sensation and throbbing. Later signs include a loss of feeling in the affected part and firm, pale, cold, numb skin. Minor frostbite can be treated with simple rewarming using skin-to-skin contact, such as a warm hand. If more serious, quickly get the person to a warmer place. Remove wet clothing. If available, activate EMS. When EMS is available, or there is any chance that the part may refreeze, do not try to re-warm the frostbitten area. Remove any jewelry from the affected areas. Place clean pads between frostbitten fingers and toes. Wrap the affected part with a clean towel or pad. Calm, comfort, and reassure the person until EMS providers arrive. Do not rub or massage the affected area or disturb blisters on frostbitten skin. Never give the victim alcoholic beverages. They do not help and may be harmful. If you are far from professional medical care, and there is no chance refreezing will occur, re-warm the affected part yourself. Immerse the frostbitten area in warm water for 20–30 minutes. The water should be warm, not hot – just above normal body temperature. Check and maintain the water temperature often. Severe burning pain, swelling, blistering, and color changes may occur. Do not let the person use the affected part after it is thawed. Get the person to professional medical care as soon as you are able to. Other Types of Cold Stress to be aware of include : Cold Water Immersion - Cold water immersion creates a specific condition known as immersion hypothermia. It develops much more quickly than standard hypothermia because water conducts heat away from the body 25 times faster than air. Typically people in temperate climates don’t consider themselves at risk from hypothermia in the water, but hypothermia can occur in any water temperature below 70°F. Survival times can be lengthened by wearing proper clothing (wool and synthetics and not cotton), using a personal flotation device (PFD, life vest, immersion suit, dry suit), and having a means of both signaling rescuers (strobe lights, personal locator beacon, whistles, flares, waterproof radio) and having a means of being retrieved from the water. Trench Foot - Trench foot, also known as immersion foot, is an injury of the feet resulting from prolonged exposure to wet and cold conditions. Trench foot can occur at temperatures as high as 60 degrees F if the feet are constantly wet. Injury occurs because wet feet lose heat 25-times faster than dry feet. Therefore, to prevent heat loss, the body constricts blood vessels to shut down circulation in the feet. Skin tissue begins to die because of lack of oxygen and nutrients and due to the buildup of toxic products. Chilblains - Chilblains are caused by the repeated exposure of skin to temperatures just above freezing to as high as 60 degrees F. The cold exposure causes damage to the capillary beds (groups of small blood vessels) in the skin. This damage is permanent and the redness and itching will return with additional exposure. The redness and itching typically occurs on cheeks, ears, fingers, and toes. This winter, please keep it safe by dressing appropriately and limiting your exposure to these brutally cold conditions! Special note for our safety professional readers: Summit Training Source offers a cold weather prevention course to help you keep your employees safe during challenging winter conditions.

Markdown

[Health & Safety Institute (HSI)](https://hsi.com/) Menu - [HSI Intelligence AI](https://hsi.com/blog/dealing-with-extreme-cold-hypothermia-and-frostbite "EHS AI") - [Overview](https://hsi.com/solutions/hsi-intelligence "Overview") - [SkyTM AI Assistant](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety/sky-ai-assistant "Sky™ AI Assistant") *›* - [Solutions](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety "Solutions") - [All EHS Solutions](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety "All EHS Solutions") - [Worker Safety](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety/worker-safety "Worker Safety") - [Incident Management](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety/incident-management "Incident Management") - [Audit Management](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety/audit-management "Audit Management") - [Checklists & Inspections](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety/checklist-inspections "Checklists & Inspections") - [Compliance Management](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety/compliance-management "Compliance Management") - [Safety Meetings](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety/safety-meetings-management "Safety Meetings") - [Hazards & Observations](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety/observations-management "Hazards & Observations") - [Safety Training](https://hsi.com/solutions/safety-training "Safety Training") - [Worker Wellness](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety/worker-wellness "Worker Wellness") - [Ergonomics](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety/ergonomics-management "Ergonomics") - [Injury & Claims](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety/injury-claims-management "Injury & Claims") - [Control of Work](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety/control-of-work "Control of Work") - [Quality Management](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety/quality-management "Quality Management") - [Permit to Work](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety/permit-to-work "Permit to Work") - [Contractor Management](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety/contractor-management "Contractor Management") - [Project Management](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety/project-management "Project Management") - [Obligation Management](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety/obligations-management "Obligation Management") - [Chemical Management](https://hsi.com/solutions/chemical-management "Chemical Management") - [SDS Management](https://hsi.com/solutions/chemical-management/sds-management "SDS Management") - [On-site Chemical Inventory](https://hsi.com/solutions/chemical-management/on-site-inventory "On-site Chemical Inventory") - [SDS Authoring](https://hsi.com/solutions/chemical-management/sds-authoring "SDS Authoring") - [24-Hour Chemical Hotline](https://hsi.com/solutions/chemical-management/24-hour-hotline "24-Hour Chemical Hotline") - [HazCom Signage](https://hsi.com/blog/hazcom-signage "HazCom Signage") - [Operational Risk](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety/operational-risk "Operational Risk") - [Risk Management](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety/risk-management "Risk Management") - [Vendor & Supplier Management](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety/vendor-supplier-management "Vendor & Supplier Management") - [Management of Change (MOC)](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety/change-management "Management of Change (MOC)") - [JSA & JHA](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety/job-safety-analysis-job-hazard-analysis "JSA & JHA") - [Environmental Social Governance (ESG)](https://hsi.com/solutions/esg-environmental-social-governance "Environmental Social Governance (ESG)") - [GHG Management](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety/greenhouse-gases "GHG Management") - [Social & Governance Metrics](https://hsi.com/solutions/esg-environmental-social-governance/esg-reporting "Social & Governance Metrics") - [CSRD & Reporting](https://hsi.com/solutions/keyesg-partnership "CSRD & Reporting") - [Training & Learning](https://hsi.com/solutions/training-and-employee-development "Training & Learning") - [Course Library](https://hsi.com/courses "Course Library") - [Safety Training](https://hsi.com/solutions/safety-training "Safety Training") - [Industrial Skills Training](https://hsi.com/solutions/industrial-skills-training "Industrial Skills Training") - [HR Compliance & Soft Skills](https://hsi.com/solutions/employee-training-and-development "HR Compliance & Soft Skills") - [LMS - Learning Management](https://hsi.com/solutions/learning-management-system "LMS - Learning Management") - [OSHA 10 & 30 Hour Training](https://hsi.com/solutions/osha-10-30-online-training "OSHA 10 & 30 Hour Training") - [MSHA Training](https://hsi.com/solutions/msha/msha-overview "MSHA Training") - [CPR, First Aid & Emergency Care](https://hsi.com/solutions/cpr-aed-first-aid-training "CPR, First Aid & Emergency Care") - [CPR, AED & First Aid](https://hsi.com/solutions/cpr-aed-first-aid-training "CPR, AED & First Aid") - [Active Shooter Response](https://hsi.com/solutions/active-shooter-training "Active Shooter Response") - [First Responder Continuing Education](https://hsi.com/solutions/first-responder-continuing-education-training "First Responder Continuing Education") *›* - [Platform](https://hsi.com/solutions/compliance-and-safety-software "Platform") - [All-in-One Platform Overview](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety/platform-overview "All-in-One Platform Overview") - [AI - HSI Intelligence](https://hsi.com/solutions/hsi-intelligence "AI - HSI Intelligence") - [Mobile + Offline](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety/ehs-mobile-features "Mobile + Offline") - [Cloud + No-Code Technology](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety/cloud-no-code-technology "Cloud + No-Code Technology") - [Configurability + UI](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety/ehs-configuration "Configurability + UI") - [Reporting & Dashboards](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety/ehs-data-visibility "Reporting & Dashboards") - [Why HSI for EHS](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety/why-hsi "Why HSI for EHS") *›* - [Industries](https://hsi.com/industries/industry-overview "Industries") - [Agriculture & Food](https://hsi.com/industries/food "Agriculture & Food") - [Automotive](https://hsi.com/industries/automotive "Automotive") - [Construction](https://hsi.com/industries/construction "Construction") - [Education](https://hsi.com/industries/elementary-and-secondary-schools "Education") - [Energy, Power, Utilities](https://hsi.com/industries/energy-and-utilities "Energy, Power, Utilities") - [Financial Services](https://hsi.com/industries/banking "Financial Services") - [Government](https://hsi.com/industries/municipalities "Government") - [Healthcare](https://hsi.com/industries/healthcare "Healthcare") - [Higher Education](https://hsi.com/industries/higher-education "Higher Education") - [Manufacturing](https://hsi.com/industries/manufacturing "Manufacturing") - [Mining & Metals](https://hsi.com/industries/mining "Mining & Metals") - [Oil & Gas](https://hsi.com/industries/oil-and-gas "Oil & Gas") - [Telecommunications](https://hsi.com/industries/telecommunications "Telecommunications") - [Transportation](https://hsi.com/industries/transportation "Transportation") *›* - [Services](https://hsi.com/services/customer-success "Services") - [Customer Success](https://hsi.com/services/customer-success "Customer Success") - [Support Services](https://hsi.com/services/support-services "Support Services") - [Implementation](https://hsi.com/services/implementation-services "Implementation") *›* - [Resources](https://hsi.com/resources "Resources") - [Blog](https://hsi.com/blog "Blog") - [Case Studies](https://hsi.com/resources/case-study "Case Studies") - [White Papers & eBooks](https://hsi.com/resources/white-paper "White Papers & eBooks") - [Webinars](https://hsi.com/resources/webinar "Webinars") - [Safety Tips / Toolbox Talks](https://hsi.com/resources/safety-tip "Safety Tips / Toolbox Talks") - [Supervisor Safety Tip Videos](https://hsi.com/resources/supervisor-safety-tip "Supervisor Safety Tip Videos") - [Podcast - Accidental Safety Pro](https://hsi.com/podcast/accidentalSafetyPro "Podcast - Accidental Safety Pro") - [Checklists, Templates & Toolkits](https://hsi.com/resources/checklist-template-toolkit "Checklists, Templates & Toolkits") - [Guides](https://hsi.com/resources/guides "Guides") *›* - [About HSI](https://hsi.com/about-hsi "About HSI") - [About HSI](https://hsi.com/about-hsi "About HSI") - [News](https://hsi.com/news "News") - [Careers](https://apply.workable.com/hsi-1/ "Opens in a new window") - [Partnerships](https://hsi.com/partnerships "Partnerships") - [Contact Us](https://hsi.com/contact "Contact Us") - [Terms & Policies](https://hsi.com/legal "Terms & Policies") *›* [Login](https://hsi.com/login) [Book a Demo](https://hsi.com/blog/dealing-with-extreme-cold-hypothermia-and-frostbite#formLetsTalk) ![](https://hsi.com/assets/images/menu-open-icon.svg) [Back to the blog](https://hsi.com/blog) # Dealing With Extreme Cold, Hypothermia, and Frostbite [Workplace Safety](https://hsi.com/blog/category/workplace-safety) [Email this post](<mailto:?subject=I wanted you share this with you&body=Check out this site https://hsi.com/blog/dealing-with-extreme-cold-hypothermia-and-frostbite > "Opens in a new window") [Share on Facebook](https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://hsi.com/blog/dealing-with-extreme-cold-hypothermia-and-frostbite "Opens in a new window") [Share on Twitter](https://twitter.com/share?url=https://hsi.com/blog/dealing-with-extreme-cold-hypothermia-and-frostbite "Opens in a new window") [Share on LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-offsite/?url=https://hsi.com/blog/dealing-with-extreme-cold-hypothermia-and-frostbite "Opens in a new window") ![](https://hsiassetstorage.sfo2.digitaloceanspaces.com/transforms/blogimages/8342/111790061_copy_d4bd353bac6a5f3a10ab94d9650d3531.webp) 2014 is coming in COLD. Across the U.S., temperatures are plummeting and wind chills arecolder than we've seen for a long time. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) \[[source](https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/coldstress/ "Opens in a new window")\] remind us that extreme cold weather is a dangerous situation that can bring on health emergencies in susceptible people, such as those without shelter, outdoor workers, and those who work in an area that is poorly insulated or without heat. What constitutes cold stress and its effects can vary across different areas of the country. In regions relatively unaccustomed to winter weather, near freezing temperatures are considered factors for “cold stress.” Whenever temperatures drop decidedly below normal and as wind speed increases, heat can more rapidly leave your body. Today's blog post shares some emergency care techniques and video clips from our programs concerning two of the most common emergencies that can occur in cold weather. ***Hypothermia*** Cold, wet temperatures can result in a lowering of the internal body temperature. Hypothermia, a generalized cooling of the body, occurs when the internal core body temperature has decreased to 95° F or less. It is a life-threatening condition. Without early recognition and active care, surviving severe hypothermia is unlikely. As the body temperature gets lower, body processes become impaired and eventually fail. Cardiac arrest may occur. To help recognize hypothermia, look for pale, cold skin, uncontrollable shivering, loss of coordination, difficulty speaking, and an altered mental status. Severe hypothermia can result in the loss of shivering and a slowing of the breathing and heart rate. To care for someone experiencing hypothermia, carefully and gently move him or her to a warmer place. Remove wet clothing and cover the person with something dry and warm. Cover the head and neck to retain body heat. If available, activate EMS and get an AED if one is available. Be prepared to perform CPR and use the AED. If you are far from professional medical care, begin actively re-warming the person. Place that person near a heat source. Put containers of warm, but not hot, water in contact with the person’s skin. It is best to recognize and treat hypothermia early. The chance for survival decreases as the condition progresses. ***Frostbite*** Frostbite develops when skin freezes. Body parts that are exposed to extreme cold, such as fingers, toes, earlobes, cheeks, and nose, are the most likely to be affected. Early recognition and care for frostbite can reduce or eliminate later complications. Early signs of developing frostbite include a pins-and-needles sensation and throbbing. Later signs include a loss of feeling in the affected part and firm, pale, cold, numb skin. Minor frostbite can be treated with simple rewarming using skin-to-skin contact, such as a warm hand. If more serious, quickly get the person to a warmer place. Remove wet clothing. If available, activate EMS. When EMS is available, or there is any chance that the part may refreeze, do not try to re-warm the frostbitten area. Remove any jewelry from the affected areas. Place clean pads between frostbitten fingers and toes. Wrap the affected part with a clean towel or pad. Calm, comfort, and reassure the person until EMS providers arrive. Do not rub or massage the affected area or disturb blisters on frostbitten skin. Never give the victim alcoholic beverages. They do not help and may be harmful. If you are far from professional medical care, and there is no chance refreezing will occur, re-warm the affected part yourself. Immerse the frostbitten area in warm water for 20–30 minutes. The water should be warm, not hot – just above normal body temperature. Check and maintain the water temperature often. Severe burning pain, swelling, blistering, and color changes may occur. Do not let the person use the affected part after it is thawed. Get the person to professional medical care as soon as you are able to. **[Other Types of Cold Stress](https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/coldstress/ "Opens in a new window") to be aware of include****:** ***Cold Water Immersion* -** Cold water immersion creates a specific condition known as immersion hypothermia. It develops much more quickly than standard hypothermia because water conducts heat away from the body 25 times faster than air. Typically people in temperate climates don’t consider themselves at risk from hypothermia in the water, but hypothermia can occur in any water temperature below 70°F. Survival times can be lengthened by wearing proper clothing (wool and synthetics and not cotton), using a personal flotation device (PFD, life vest, immersion suit, dry suit), and having a means of both signaling rescuers (strobe lights, personal locator beacon, whistles, flares, waterproof radio) and having a means of being retrieved from the water. ***Trench Foot*** \- Trench foot, also known as immersion foot, is an injury of the feet resulting from prolonged exposure to wet and cold conditions. Trench foot can occur at temperatures as high as 60 degrees F if the feet are constantly wet. Injury occurs because wet feet lose heat 25-times faster than dry feet. Therefore, to prevent heat loss, the body constricts blood vessels to shut down circulation in the feet. Skin tissue begins to die because of lack of oxygen and nutrients and due to the buildup of toxic products. ***Chilblains*** \- Chilblains are caused by the repeated exposure of skin to temperatures just above freezing to as high as 60 degrees F. The cold exposure causes damage to the capillary beds (groups of small blood vessels) in the skin. This damage is permanent and the redness and itching will return with additional exposure. The redness and itching typically occurs on cheeks, ears, fingers, and toes. This winter, please keep it safe by dressing appropriately and limiting your exposure to these brutally cold conditions\! **Special note for our safety professional readers:** Summit Training Source offers a cold weather prevention course to help you keep your employees safe during challenging winter conditions. #### Related Articles [Recognizing and Preventing Cold Stress It’s important for workers to recognize signs of cold stress and to know how they can protect themselves from cold... Workplace Safety ![](https://hsiassetstorage.sfo2.digitaloceanspaces.com/transforms/blogimages/520401/recognizing_preventing_cold_stress_blog_header_d723f80693be2248d2e8e7e024ef7a08.webp)](https://hsi.com/blog/recognizing-preventing-cold-stress) ![Health & Safety Institute](https://hsi.com/assets/images/hsi-logo-dark-mode.svg) ##### Stay Connected Subscribe to our newsletter and get resources from HSI. Need Help? [Troubleshooting Support](https://hsi.com/contact) [Training & Employee Development](https://hsi.com/solutions/training-and-employee-development) [CPR, AED, and First Aid Training](https://hsi.com/solutions/cpr-aed-first-aid-training) [Active Shooter Training](https://hsi.com/solutions/active-shooter-training) [Industrial Skills Training](https://hsi.com/solutions/industrial-skills-training) [Professional Skills Development](https://hsi.com/solutions/employee-training-and-development) [First Responder Continuing Education Training](https://hsi.com/solutions/first-responder-continuing-education-training) [eLearning Pricing](https://hsi.com/elearning-pricing) [View All Training](https://hsi.com/solutions/training-and-employee-development) [Compliance & Safety Software](https://hsi.com/blog/dealing-with-extreme-cold-hypothermia-and-frostbite) [EHS: Environmental Health & Safety](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety) [Chemical Management](https://hsi.com/solutions/chemical-management) [LMS: Learning Management System](https://hsi.com/solutions/learning-management-system) [View All Software](https://hsi.com/blog/dealing-with-extreme-cold-hypothermia-and-frostbite) [Company Info](https://hsi.com/about-hsi) [News](https://hsi.com/news) [Careers](https://hsi.com/careers) [Partnerships](https://hsi.com/partnerships) [Contact](https://hsi.com/contact) [Privacy](https://hsi.com/privacy) [Terms of Use](https://hsi.com/terms) © 2026 HSI. All Rights Reserved. [Facebook](https://www.facebook.com/HealthandSafetyInstitute "Opens in a new window") [Twitter](https://twitter.com/hsi_brands "Opens in a new window") [LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com/company/health-%26-safety-institute "Opens in a new window") [YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/user/HealthandSafetyInst/ "Opens in a new window") [Health & Safety Institute (HSI)](https://hsi.com/) [Login](https://hsi.com/login) [Let's Talk](https://hsi.com/blog/dealing-with-extreme-cold-hypothermia-and-frostbite#formLetsTalk) [Close Menu]() - Solutions - [All EHS Solutions](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety) - [Worker Safety](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety/worker-safety) - [Incident Management](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety/incident-management) - [Audit Management](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety/audit-management) - [Checklists & Inspections](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety/checklist-inspections) - [Compliance Management](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety/compliance-management) - [Safety Meetings](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety/safety-meetings-management) - [Hazards & Observations](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety/observations-management) - [Safety Training](https://hsi.com/solutions/safety-training) - [Worker Wellness](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety/worker-wellness) - [Ergonomics](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety/ergonomics-management) - [Injury & Claims](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety/injury-claims-management) - [Control of Work](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety/control-of-work) - [Quality Management](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety/quality-management) - [Permit to Work](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety/permit-to-work) - [Contractor Management](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety/contractor-management) - [Project Management](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety/project-management) - [Obligation Management](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety/obligations-management) - [Chemical Management](https://hsi.com/solutions/chemical-management) - [SDS Management](https://hsi.com/solutions/chemical-management/sds-management) - [On-site Chemical Inventory](https://hsi.com/solutions/chemical-management/on-site-inventory) - [SDS Authoring](https://hsi.com/solutions/chemical-management/sds-authoring) - [24-Hour Chemical Hotline](https://hsi.com/solutions/chemical-management/24-hour-hotline) - [HazCom Signage](https://hsi.com/blog/hazcom-signage) - [Operational Risk](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety/operational-risk) - [Risk Management](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety/risk-management) - [Vendor & Supplier Management](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety/vendor-supplier-management) - [Management of Change (MOC)](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety/change-management) - [JSA & JHA](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety/job-safety-analysis-job-hazard-analysis) - [Environmental Social Governance (ESG)](https://hsi.com/solutions/esg-environmental-social-governance) - [GHG Management](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety/greenhouse-gases) - [Social & Governance Metrics](https://hsi.com/solutions/esg-environmental-social-governance/esg-reporting) - [CSRD & Reporting](https://hsi.com/solutions/keyesg-partnership) - [Training & Learning](https://hsi.com/solutions/training-and-employee-development) - [Course Library](https://hsi.com/courses) - [Safety Training](https://hsi.com/solutions/safety-training) - [Industrial Skills Training](https://hsi.com/solutions/industrial-skills-training) - [HR Compliance & Soft Skills](https://hsi.com/solutions/employee-training-and-development) - [LMS - Learning Management](https://hsi.com/solutions/learning-management-system) - [OSHA 10 & 30 Hour Training](https://hsi.com/solutions/osha-10-30-online-training) - [MSHA Training](https://hsi.com/solutions/msha/msha-overview) - [CPR, First Aid & Emergency Care](https://hsi.com/solutions/cpr-aed-first-aid-training) - [CPR, AED & First Aid](https://hsi.com/solutions/cpr-aed-first-aid-training) - [Active Shooter Response](https://hsi.com/solutions/active-shooter-training) - [First Responder Continuing Education](https://hsi.com/solutions/first-responder-continuing-education-training) - [Solutions »](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety) - Platform - [All-in-One Platform Overview](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety/platform-overview) - [AI - HSI Intelligence](https://hsi.com/solutions/hsi-intelligence) - [Mobile + Offline](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety/ehs-mobile-features) - [Cloud + No-Code Technology](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety/cloud-no-code-technology) - [Configurability + UI](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety/ehs-configuration) - [Reporting & Dashboards](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety/ehs-data-visibility) - [Why HSI for EHS](https://hsi.com/solutions/ehs-environmental-health-and-safety/why-hsi) - [Platform »](https://hsi.com/solutions/compliance-and-safety-software) - Industries - [Agriculture & Food](https://hsi.com/industries/food) - [Automotive](https://hsi.com/industries/automotive) - [Construction](https://hsi.com/industries/construction) - [Education](https://hsi.com/industries/elementary-and-secondary-schools) - [Energy, Power, Utilities](https://hsi.com/industries/energy-and-utilities) - [Financial Services](https://hsi.com/industries/banking) - [Government](https://hsi.com/industries/municipalities) - [Healthcare](https://hsi.com/industries/healthcare) - [Higher Education](https://hsi.com/industries/higher-education) - [Manufacturing](https://hsi.com/industries/manufacturing) - [Mining & Metals](https://hsi.com/industries/mining) - [Oil & Gas](https://hsi.com/industries/oil-and-gas) - [Telecommunications](https://hsi.com/industries/telecommunications) - [Transportation](https://hsi.com/industries/transportation) - [Industries »](https://hsi.com/industries/industry-overview) - Services - [Customer Success](https://hsi.com/services/customer-success) - [Support Services](https://hsi.com/services/support-services) - [Implementation](https://hsi.com/services/implementation-services) - [Services »](https://hsi.com/services/customer-success) - Resources - [Blog](https://hsi.com/blog) - [Case Studies](https://hsi.com/resources/case-study) - [White Papers & eBooks](https://hsi.com/resources/white-paper) - [Webinars](https://hsi.com/resources/webinar) - [Safety Tips / Toolbox Talks](https://hsi.com/resources/safety-tip) - [Supervisor Safety Tip Videos](https://hsi.com/resources/supervisor-safety-tip) - [Podcast - Accidental Safety Pro](https://hsi.com/podcast/accidentalSafetyPro) - [Checklists, Templates & Toolkits](https://hsi.com/resources/checklist-template-toolkit) - [Guides](https://hsi.com/resources/guides) - [Resources »](https://hsi.com/resources) - About HSI - [About HSI](https://hsi.com/about-hsi) - [News](https://hsi.com/news) - [Careers](https://apply.workable.com/hsi-1/ "Opens in a new window") - [Partnerships](https://hsi.com/partnerships) - [Contact Us](https://hsi.com/contact) - [Terms & Policies](https://hsi.com/legal) - [About HSI »](https://hsi.com/about-hsi) ### Request a Consultation

Readable Markdown

2014 is coming in COLD. Across the U.S., temperatures are plummeting and wind chills arecolder than we've seen for a long time. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) \[[source](https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/coldstress/ "Opens in a new window")\] remind us that extreme cold weather is a dangerous situation that can bring on health emergencies in susceptible people, such as those without shelter, outdoor workers, and those who work in an area that is poorly insulated or without heat. What constitutes cold stress and its effects can vary across different areas of the country. In regions relatively unaccustomed to winter weather, near freezing temperatures are considered factors for “cold stress.” Whenever temperatures drop decidedly below normal and as wind speed increases, heat can more rapidly leave your body. Today's blog post shares some emergency care techniques and video clips from our programs concerning two of the most common emergencies that can occur in cold weather. ***Hypothermia*** Cold, wet temperatures can result in a lowering of the internal body temperature. Hypothermia, a generalized cooling of the body, occurs when the internal core body temperature has decreased to 95° F or less. It is a life-threatening condition. Without early recognition and active care, surviving severe hypothermia is unlikely. As the body temperature gets lower, body processes become impaired and eventually fail. Cardiac arrest may occur. To help recognize hypothermia, look for pale, cold skin, uncontrollable shivering, loss of coordination, difficulty speaking, and an altered mental status. Severe hypothermia can result in the loss of shivering and a slowing of the breathing and heart rate. To care for someone experiencing hypothermia, carefully and gently move him or her to a warmer place. Remove wet clothing and cover the person with something dry and warm. Cover the head and neck to retain body heat. If available, activate EMS and get an AED if one is available. Be prepared to perform CPR and use the AED. If you are far from professional medical care, begin actively re-warming the person. Place that person near a heat source. Put containers of warm, but not hot, water in contact with the person’s skin. It is best to recognize and treat hypothermia early. The chance for survival decreases as the condition progresses. ***Frostbite*** Frostbite develops when skin freezes. Body parts that are exposed to extreme cold, such as fingers, toes, earlobes, cheeks, and nose, are the most likely to be affected. Early recognition and care for frostbite can reduce or eliminate later complications. Early signs of developing frostbite include a pins-and-needles sensation and throbbing. Later signs include a loss of feeling in the affected part and firm, pale, cold, numb skin. Minor frostbite can be treated with simple rewarming using skin-to-skin contact, such as a warm hand. If more serious, quickly get the person to a warmer place. Remove wet clothing. If available, activate EMS. When EMS is available, or there is any chance that the part may refreeze, do not try to re-warm the frostbitten area. Remove any jewelry from the affected areas. Place clean pads between frostbitten fingers and toes. Wrap the affected part with a clean towel or pad. Calm, comfort, and reassure the person until EMS providers arrive. Do not rub or massage the affected area or disturb blisters on frostbitten skin. Never give the victim alcoholic beverages. They do not help and may be harmful. If you are far from professional medical care, and there is no chance refreezing will occur, re-warm the affected part yourself. Immerse the frostbitten area in warm water for 20–30 minutes. The water should be warm, not hot – just above normal body temperature. Check and maintain the water temperature often. Severe burning pain, swelling, blistering, and color changes may occur. Do not let the person use the affected part after it is thawed. Get the person to professional medical care as soon as you are able to. **[Other Types of Cold Stress](https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/coldstress/ "Opens in a new window") to be aware of include****:** ***Cold Water Immersion* -** Cold water immersion creates a specific condition known as immersion hypothermia. It develops much more quickly than standard hypothermia because water conducts heat away from the body 25 times faster than air. Typically people in temperate climates don’t consider themselves at risk from hypothermia in the water, but hypothermia can occur in any water temperature below 70°F. Survival times can be lengthened by wearing proper clothing (wool and synthetics and not cotton), using a personal flotation device (PFD, life vest, immersion suit, dry suit), and having a means of both signaling rescuers (strobe lights, personal locator beacon, whistles, flares, waterproof radio) and having a means of being retrieved from the water. ***Trench Foot*** \- Trench foot, also known as immersion foot, is an injury of the feet resulting from prolonged exposure to wet and cold conditions. Trench foot can occur at temperatures as high as 60 degrees F if the feet are constantly wet. Injury occurs because wet feet lose heat 25-times faster than dry feet. Therefore, to prevent heat loss, the body constricts blood vessels to shut down circulation in the feet. Skin tissue begins to die because of lack of oxygen and nutrients and due to the buildup of toxic products. ***Chilblains*** \- Chilblains are caused by the repeated exposure of skin to temperatures just above freezing to as high as 60 degrees F. The cold exposure causes damage to the capillary beds (groups of small blood vessels) in the skin. This damage is permanent and the redness and itching will return with additional exposure. The redness and itching typically occurs on cheeks, ears, fingers, and toes. This winter, please keep it safe by dressing appropriately and limiting your exposure to these brutally cold conditions\! **Special note for our safety professional readers:** Summit Training Source offers a cold weather prevention course to help you keep your employees safe during challenging winter conditions.

ML Classification

ML Categories

/Health		98.9%
/Health/Public_Health		57.2%
/Health/Public_Health/Health_Policy		26.1%

Raw JSON

{
    "/Health": 989,
    "/Health/Public_Health": 572,
    "/Health/Public_Health/Health_Policy": 261
}

ML Page Types

/Article		99.5%
/Article/How_to		59.9%

Raw JSON

{
    "/Article": 995,
    "/Article/How_to": 599
}

ML Intent Types

Informational

99.9%

Raw JSON

{
    "Informational": 999
}

Content Metadata

Language

Author

null

Publish Time

not set

Original Publish Time

2022-12-16 16:02:58 (3 years ago)

Republished

Word Count (Total)

2,263

Word Count (Content)

974

Links

External Links

Internal Links

Technical SEO

Meta Nofollow

Meta Noarchive

JS Rendered

Yes

Redirect Target

null

Performance

Download Time (ms)

310

TTFB (ms)

308

Download Size (bytes)

16,125

Shard

136 (laksa)

Root Hash

18370962516488487136

Unparsed URL

com,hsi!/blog/dealing-with-extreme-cold-hypothermia-and-frostbite s443