🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 71 (from laksa140)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa071.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical, ml_categories_json AS ml_categories_json, ml_types_json AS ml_types_json, ml_intent_types_json AS ml_intent_types_json, meta_language AS meta_language, attrs_author AS attrs_author, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(attrs_publish_time), 0) AS attrs_publish_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(attrs_original_publish_time), 0) AS attrs_original_publish_time, ifNull(attrs_is_republished, 0) AS attrs_is_republished, ifNull(attrs_nr_words, 0) AS attrs_nr_words, ifNull(attrs_boilerpipe_nr_words, 0) AS attrs_boilerpipe_nr_words, ifNull(body_ext_links_number, 0) AS body_ext_links_number, ifNull(body_int_links_number, 0) AS body_int_links_number, ifNull(meta_nofollow, 0) AS meta_nofollow, ifNull(meta_noarchive, 0) AS meta_noarchive, ifNull(props_was_rendered, 0) AS props_was_rendered, ifNull(src_redirect, \'\') AS src_redirect, ifNull(download_time_msec, 0) AS download_time_msec, ifNull(download_ttfb_msec, 0) AS download_ttfb_msec, ifNull(download_size, 0) AS download_size FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/visa-policy_en\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/visa-policy_en\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-policy_en","crawl_time":1774698369,"first_indexed_time":0,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"eu,europa!ec,home-affairs,\/policies\/schengen\/visa-policy_en s443","src_root_hash":"8384339340669129071","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Visa policy - Migration and Home Affairs - European Commission","meta_descriptions":["The EU has a common visa policy for persons entering the Schengen area from third countries, this includes the short-stay Schengen visa."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Under this key policy, all 29 countries in the\nSchengen area\napply the same visa rules.\nNon-EU nationals\nneed a visa to enter the Schengen area for a visit of up to\n90 days\nin any\n180-day period\n.\nWhen someone enters a country in the Schengen area, the 180-day period starts. They can enter Schengen area countries as many times as they want, but only stay for a total of 90 days, every 180 days. \nA Schengen visa is generally valid for every country in the Schengen area.\nVisas for stays exceeding 90 days are subject to national procedures\n.\nEU visa policy is monitored and implemented by the European Commission\n.\nIn January 2026, the European Commission adopted its first-ever\nEU Visa Strategy\n. It sets out a framework for a visa policy that is more strategic and that advances the EU's long-term interests, allowing it to be better equipped for growing mobility as well as the consequences of regional instability and geopolitical competition. ","attrs_markdown":"[Skip to main content](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-policy_en#main-content)\n\nThis site uses cookies. Visit our [cookies policy page](https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/cookies-policy_en) or click the link in any footer for more information and to change your preferences.\n\n[Accept all cookies](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-policy_en#accept) [Accept only essential cookies](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-policy_en#refuse)\n\n![](https:\/\/webtools.europa.eu\/images\/flags\/eu.svg) An official website of the European Union An official EU website\n\nHow do you know?\n\nAll official European Union website addresses are in the **europa.eu** domain.\n\n[See all EU institutions and bodies](https:\/\/european-union.europa.eu\/institutions-law-budget\/institutions-and-bodies\/search-all-eu-institutions-and-bodies_en)\n\n[![European Commission logo](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/themes\/contrib\/oe_theme\/dist\/ec\/images\/logo\/logo-ec--mute.svg)](https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/index_en)\n\n[en](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-policy_en)\n\nSelect your language\n\nClose\n\nEU official languages\n\n- [bgбългарски](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-policy_bg)\n- [esespañol](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-policy_es)\n- [csčeština](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-policy_cs)\n- [dadansk](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-policy_da)\n- [deDeutsch](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-policy_de)\n- [eteesti](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-policy_et)\n- [elελληνικά](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-policy_el)\n- [enEnglish](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-policy_en)\n- [frfrançais](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-policy_fr)\n- [gaGaeilge](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-policy_ga)\n- [hrhrvatski](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-policy_hr)\n- [ititaliano](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-policy_it)\n- [lvlatviešu](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-policy_lv)\n- [ltlietuvių](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-policy_lt)\n- [humagyar](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-policy_hu)\n- [mtMalti](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-policy_mt)\n- [nlNederlands](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-policy_nl)\n- [plpolski](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-policy_pl)\n- [ptportuguês](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-policy_pt)\n- [roromână](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-policy_ro)\n- [skslovenčina](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-policy_sk)\n- [slslovenščina](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-policy_sl)\n- [fisuomi](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-policy_fi)\n- [svsvenska](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-policy_sv)\n\nOther languages\n\n- [arالعربية](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-policy_ar)\n- [ruрусский](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-policy_ru)\n- [ukyкраїнська](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-policy_uk)\n\n[Live, work, travel in the EU](https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/live-work-travel-eu_en)\n\nMigration and Home Affairs\n\nMenu\n\nBack\n\n- [Home](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/index_en)\n- Migration\n  Migration and asylum\n  \n  DG HOME aims to develop a common EU policy in the area of migration and asylum. These include: the Pact on Migration and Asylum, the Common European Asylum System, legal migration, integration, irregular migration and return.\n  \n  - Asylum in the EU\n    - [Determining the Member State responsible for an asylum application](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/asylum-eu\/determining-member-state-responsible-asylum-application_en)\n    - [Reception conditions](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/asylum-eu\/reception-conditions_en)\n    - [Temporary protection](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/asylum-eu\/temporary-protection_en)\n    - [Statistics](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/asylum-eu\/statistics_en)\n    - [Who qualifies for international protection](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/asylum-eu\/who-qualifies-international-protection_en)\n    - [See all](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/asylum-eu_en)\n  - EU Immigration Portal\n    - [Highly-qualified worker in Slovakia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/highly-qualified-worker-slovakia_en)\n    - [Highly-qualified worker in Slovenia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/highly-qualified-worker-slovenia_en)\n    - [Highly-qualified worker in Spain](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/highly-qualified-worker-spain_en)\n    - [Highly-qualified worker in Sweden](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/highly-qualified-worker-sweden_en)\n    - [International service provider in Austria](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/international-service-provider-austria_en)\n    - [International service provider in Slovakia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/international-service-provider-slovakia_en)\n    - [International service provider in Slovenia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/international-service-provider-slovenia_en)\n    - [International service provider in Spain](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/international-service-provider-spain_en)\n    - [International service provider in Sweden](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/international-service-provider-sweden_en)\n    - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Slovakia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-slovakia_en)\n    - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Slovenia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-slovenia_en)\n    - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Spain](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-spain_en)\n    - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Sweden](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-sweden_en)\n    - [Seasonal worker in Slovakia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/seasonal-worker-slovakia_en)\n    - [Seasonal worker in Slovenia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/seasonal-worker-slovenia_en)\n    - [Seasonal worker in Spain](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/seasonal-worker-spain_en)\n    - [Seasonal worker in Sweden](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/seasonal-worker-sweden_en)\n    - [Self-employed worker in Slovakia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/self-employed-worker-slovakia_en)\n    - [Self-employed worker in Slovenia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/self-employed-worker-slovenia_en)\n    - [Self-employed worker in Spain](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/self-employed-worker-spain_en)\n    - [Self-employed worker in Sweden](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/self-employed-worker-sweden_en)\n    - [Student in Slovakia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/student-slovakia_en)\n    - [Student in Slovenia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/student-slovenia_en)\n    - [Student in Spain](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/student-spain_en)\n    - [Trainee in Slovakia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/trainee-slovakia_en)\n    - [Trainee in Slovenia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/trainee-slovenia_en)\n    - [Trainee in Spain](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/trainee-spain_en)\n    - [Trainee in Sweden](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/trainee-sweden_en)\n    - [Volunteer in Slovakia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/volunteer-slovakia_en)\n    - [Volunteer in Slovenia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/volunteer-slovenia_en)\n    - [Volunteer in Spain](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/volunteer-spain_en)\n    - [Volunteer in Sweden](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/volunteer-sweden_en)\n    - [Employed worker in Slovakia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/employed-worker-slovakia_en)\n    - [Employed worker in Slovenia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/employed-worker-slovenia_en)\n    - [Employed worker in Sweden](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/employed-worker-sweden_en)\n    - [Employed worker in Spain](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/employed-worker-spain_en)\n    - [Family member in Slovakia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/family-member-slovakia_en)\n    - [Family member in Slovenia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/family-member-slovenia_en)\n    - [Student in Sweden](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/student-sweden_en)\n    - [Family member in Spain](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/family-member-spain_en)\n    - [Researcher in Slovakia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/researcher-slovakia_en)\n    - [Researcher in Slovenia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/researcher-slovenia_en)\n    - [Researcher in Spain](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/researcher-spain_en)\n    - [Employed worker in Belgium](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/employed-worker-belgium_en)\n    - [Employed worker in Austria](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/employed-worker-austria_en)\n    - [Employed worker in Bulgaria](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/employed-worker-bulgaria_en)\n    - [Employed worker in Croatia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/employed-worker-croatia_en)\n    - [Employed worker in Cyprus](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/employed-worker-cyprus_en)\n    - [Employed worker in Czechia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/employed-worker-czechia_en)\n    - [Employed worker in Denmark](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/employed-worker-denmark_en)\n    - [Employed worker in Estonia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/employed-worker-estonia_en)\n    - [Employed worker in Finland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/employed-worker-finland_en)\n    - [Employed worker in Germany](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/employed-worker-germany_en)\n    - [Employed worker in France](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/employed-worker-france_en)\n    - [Employed worker in Greece](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/employed-worker-greece_en)\n    - [Employed worker in Hungary](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/employed-worker-hungary_en)\n    - [Employed worker in Ireland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/employed-worker-ireland_en)\n    - [Employed worker in Italy](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/employed-worker-italy_en)\n    - [Employed worker in Latvia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/employed-worker-latvia_en)\n    - [Employed worker in Lithuania](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/employed-worker-lithuania_en)\n    - [Employed worker in Luxembourg](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/employed-worker-luxembourg_en)\n    - [Employed worker in Malta](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/employed-worker-malta_en)\n    - [Employed worker in Poland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/employed-worker-poland_en)\n    - [Researcher in Sweden](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/researcher-sweden_en)\n    - [Employed worker in Portugal](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/employed-worker-portugal_en)\n    - [Employed worker in Romania](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/employed-worker-romania_en)\n    - [Employed worker in the Netherlands](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/employed-worker-netherlands_en)\n    - [Family member in Belgium](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/family-member-belgium_en)\n    - [Family member in Austria](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/family-member-austria_en)\n    - [Family member in Bulgaria](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/family-member-bulgaria_en)\n    - [Family member in Croatia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/family-member-croatia_en)\n    - [Family member in Cyprus](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/family-member-cyprus_en)\n    - [Family member in Czechia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/family-member-czechia_en)\n    - [Family member in Denmark](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/family-member-denmark_en)\n    - [Family member in Estonia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/family-member-estonia_en)\n    - [Family member in Finland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/family-member-finland_en)\n    - [Family member in France](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/family-member-france_en)\n    - [Family member in Germany](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/family-member-germany_en)\n    - [Family member in Greece](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/family-member-greece_en)\n    - [Family member in Hungary](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/family-member-hungary_en)\n    - [Family member in Ireland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/family-member-ireland_en)\n    - [Family member in Italy](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/family-member-italy_en)\n    - [Family member in Latvia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/family-member-latvia_en)\n    - [Family member in Lithuania](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/family-member-lithuania_en)\n    - [Family member in Luxembourg](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/family-member-luxembourg_en)\n    - [Family member in Malta](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/family-member-malta_en)\n    - [Family member in Poland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/family-member-poland_en)\n    - [Family member in Portugal](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/family-member-portugal_en)\n    - [Family member in Sweden](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/family-member-sweden_en)\n    - [Family member in Romania](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/family-member-romania_en)\n    - [Family member in the Netherlands](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/family-member-netherlands_en)\n    - [Highly-qualified worker in Belgium](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/highly-qualified-worker-belgium_en)\n    - [Highly-qualified worker in Austria](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/highly-qualified-worker-austria_en)\n    - [Highly-qualified worker in Bulgaria](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/highly-qualified-worker-bulgaria_en)\n    - [Highly-qualified worker in Croatia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/highly-qualified-worker-croatia_en)\n    - [Highly-qualified worker in Cyprus](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/highly-qualified-worker-cyprus_en)\n    - [Highly-qualified worker in Czechia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/highly-qualified-worker-czechia_en)\n    - [Highly-qualified worker in Denmark](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/highly-qualified-worker-denmark_en)\n    - [Highly-qualified worker in Estonia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/highly-qualified-worker-estonia_en)\n    - [Highly-qualified worker in Finland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/highly-qualified-worker-finland_en)\n    - [Highly-qualified worker in Germany](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/highly-qualified-worker-germany_en)\n    - [Highly-qualified worker in France](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/highly-qualified-worker-france_en)\n    - [Highly-qualified worker in Greece](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/highly-qualified-worker-greece_en)\n    - [Highly-qualified worker in Hungary](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/highly-qualified-worker-hungary_en)\n    - [Highly-qualified worker in Ireland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/highly-qualified-worker-ireland_en)\n    - [Highly-qualified worker in Italy](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/highly-qualified-worker-italy_en)\n    - [Highly-qualified worker in Latvia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/highly-qualified-worker-latvia_en)\n    - [Highly-qualified worker in Lithuania](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/highly-qualified-worker-lithuania_en)\n    - [Highly-qualified worker in Luxembourg](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/highly-qualified-worker-luxembourg_en)\n    - [Highly-qualified worker in Malta](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/highly-qualified-worker-malta_en)\n    - [Highly-qualified worker in Poland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/highly-qualified-worker-poland_en)\n    - [Highly-qualified worker in Portugal](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/highly-qualified-worker-portugal_en)\n    - [Highly-qualified worker in Romania](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/highly-qualified-worker-romania_en)\n    - [Highly-qualified worker in the Netherlands](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/highly-qualified-worker-netherlands_en)\n    - [International service provider in Belgium](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/international-service-provider-belgium_en)\n    - [International service provider in Bulgaria](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/international-service-provider-bulgaria_en)\n    - [International service provider in Croatia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/international-service-provider-croatia_en)\n    - [International service provider in Cyprus](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/international-service-provider-cyprus_en)\n    - [International service provider in Czechia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/international-service-provider-czechia_en)\n    - [International service provider in Denmark](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/international-service-provider-denmark_en)\n    - [International service provider in Estonia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/international-service-provider-estonia_en)\n    - [International service provider in Finland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/international-service-provider-finland_en)\n    - [International service provider in France](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/international-service-provider-france_en)\n    - [International service provider in Germany](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/international-service-provider-germany_en)\n    - [International service provider in Greece](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/international-service-provider-greece_en)\n    - [International service provider in Hungary](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/international-service-provider-hungary_en)\n    - [International service provider in Ireland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/international-service-provider-ireland_en)\n    - [International service provider in Italy](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/international-service-provider-italy_en)\n    - [International service provider in Latvia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/international-service-provider-latvia_en)\n    - [International service provider in Lithuania](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/international-service-provider-lithuania_en)\n    - [International service provider in Luxembourg](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/international-service-provider-luxembourg_en)\n    - [International service provider in Malta](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/international-service-provider-malta_en)\n    - [International service provider in Poland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/international-service-provider-poland_en)\n    - [International service provider in Portugal](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/international-service-provider-portugal_en)\n    - [International service provider in Romania](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/international-service-provider-romania_en)\n    - [International service provider in the Netherlands](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/international-service-provider-netherlands_en)\n    - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Belgium](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-belgium_en)\n    - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Austria](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-austria_en)\n    - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Bulgaria](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-bulgaria_en)\n    - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Croatia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-croatia_en)\n    - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Cyprus](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-cyprus_en)\n    - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Czechia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-czechia_en)\n    - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Denmark](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-denmark_en)\n    - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Estonia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-estonia_en)\n    - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Finland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-finland_en)\n    - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in France](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-france_en)\n    - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Germany](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-germany_en)\n    - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Greece](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-greece_en)\n    - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Hungary](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-hungary_en)\n    - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Ireland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-ireland_en)\n    - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Italy](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-italy_en)\n    - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Latvia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-latvia_en)\n    - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Lithuania](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-lithuania_en)\n    - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Luxembourg](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-luxembourg_en)\n    - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Malta](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-malta_en)\n    - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Poland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-poland_en)\n    - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Portugal](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-portugal_en)\n    - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Romania](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-romania_en)\n    - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in the Netherlands](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-netherlands_en)\n    - [Researcher in Belgium](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/researcher-belgium_en)\n    - [Researcher in Austria](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/researcher-austria_en)\n    - [Researcher in Bulgaria](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/researcher-bulgaria_en)\n    - [Researcher in Croatia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/researcher-croatia_en)\n    - [Researcher in Cyprus](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/researcher-cyprus_en)\n    - [Researcher in Czechia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/researcher-czechia_en)\n    - [Researcher in Denmark](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/researcher-denmark_en)\n    - [Researcher in Estonia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/researcher-estonia_en)\n    - [Researcher in Finland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/researcher-finland_en)\n    - [Researcher in France](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/researcher-france_en)\n    - [Researcher in Germany](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/researcher-germany_en)\n    - [Researcher in Hungary](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/researcher-hungary_en)\n    - [Researcher in Ireland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/researcher-ireland_en)\n    - [Researcher in Italy](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/researcher-italy_en)\n    - [Researcher in Latvia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/researcher-latvia_en)\n    - [Researcher in Lithuania](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/researcher-lithuania_en)\n    - [Researcher in Luxembourg](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/researcher-luxembourg_en)\n    - [Researcher in Malta](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/researcher-malta_en)\n    - [Researcher in Poland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/researcher-poland_en)\n    - [Researcher in Portugal](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/researcher-portugal_en)\n    - [Researcher in Romania](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/researcher-romania_en)\n    - [Researcher in the Netherlands](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/researcher-netherlands_en)\n    - [Seasonal worker in Belgium](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/seasonal-worker-belgium_en)\n    - [Seasonal worker in Austria](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/seasonal-worker-austria_en)\n    - [Seasonal worker in Bulgaria](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/seasonal-worker-bulgaria_en)\n    - [Seasonal worker in Croatia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/seasonal-worker-croatia_en)\n    - [Seasonal worker in Cyprus](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/seasonal-worker-cyprus_en)\n    - [Seasonal worker in Czechia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/seasonal-worker-czechia_en)\n    - [Seasonal worker in Denmark](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/seasonal-worker-denmark_en)\n    - [Seasonal worker in Estonia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/seasonal-worker-estonia_en)\n    - [Seasonal worker in Finland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/seasonal-worker-finland_en)\n    - [Seasonal worker in France](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/seasonal-worker-france_en)\n    - [Seasonal worker in Germany](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/seasonal-worker-germany_en)\n    - [Seasonal worker in Greece](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/seasonal-worker-greece_en)\n    - [Seasonal worker in Hungary](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/seasonal-worker-hungary_en)\n    - [Seasonal worker in Ireland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/seasonal-worker-ireland_en)\n    - [Seasonal worker in Italy](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/seasonal-worker-italy_en)\n    - [Seasonal worker in Latvia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/seasonal-worker-latvia_en)\n    - [Seasonal worker in Lithuania](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/seasonal-worker-lithuania_en)\n    - [Seasonal worker in Luxembourg](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/seasonal-worker-luxembourg_en)\n    - [Seasonal worker in Malta](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/seasonal-worker-malta_en)\n    - [Seasonal worker in Poland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/seasonal-worker-poland_en)\n    - [Seasonal worker in Portugal](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/seasonal-worker-portugal_en)\n    - [Seasonal worker in Romania](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/seasonal-worker-romania_en)\n    - [Seasonal worker in the Netherlands](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/seasonal-worker-netherlands_en)\n    - [Self-employed worker in Estonia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/self-employed-worker-estonia_en)\n    - [Self-employed worker in Finland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/self-employed-worker-finland_en)\n    - [Self-employed worker in France](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/self-employed-worker-france_en)\n    - [Self-employed worker in Germany](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/self-employed-worker-germany_en)\n    - [Self-employed worker in Greece](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/self-employed-worker-greece_en)\n    - [Self-employed worker in Hungary](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/self-employed-worker-hungary_en)\n    - [Self-employed worker in Ireland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/self-employed-worker-ireland_en)\n    - [Self-employed worker in Italy](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/self-employed-worker-italy_en)\n    - [Self-employed worker in Latvia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/self-employed-worker-latvia_en)\n    - [Self-employed worker in Lithuania](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/self-employed-worker-lithuania_en)\n    - [Self-employed worker in Luxembourg](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/self-employed-worker-luxembourg_en)\n    - [Self-employed worker in Malta](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/self-employed-worker-malta_en)\n    - [Self-employed worker in Poland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/self-employed-worker-poland_en)\n    - [Self-employed worker in Portugal](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/self-employed-worker-portugal_en)\n    - [Self-employed worker in Romania](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/self-employed-worker-romania_en)\n    - [Self-employed worker in the Netherlands](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/self-employed-worker-netherlands_en)\n    - [Self-employed worker in Belgium](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/self-employed-worker-belgium_en)\n    - [Self-employed worker in Austria](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/self-employed-worker-austria_en)\n    - [Self-employed worker in Bulgaria](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/self-employed-worker-bulgaria_en)\n    - [Self-employed worker in Croatia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/self-employed-worker-croatia_en)\n    - [Self-employed worker in Cyprus](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/self-employed-worker-cyprus_en)\n    - [Self-employed worker in Czechia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/self-employed-worker-czechia_en)\n    - [Self-employed worker in Denmark](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/self-employed-worker-denmark_en)\n    - [Student in Belgium](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/student-belgium_en)\n    - [Student in Austria](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/student-austria_en)\n    - [Student in Bulgaria](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/student-bulgaria_en)\n    - [Student in Croatia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/student-croatia_en)\n    - [Student in Cyprus](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/student-cyprus_en)\n    - [Student in Czechia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/student-czechia_en)\n    - [Student in Denmark](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/student-denmark_en)\n    - [Student in Estonia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/student-estonia_en)\n    - [Student in Finland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/student-finland_en)\n    - [Student in France](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/student-france_en)\n    - [Student in Germany](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/student-germany_en)\n    - [Researcher in Greece](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/researcher-greece_en)\n    - [Student in Greece](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/student-greece_en)\n    - [Student in Hungary](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/student-hungary_en)\n    - [Student in Ireland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/student-ireland_en)\n    - [Student in Italy](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/student-italy_en)\n    - [Student in Latvia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/student-latvia_en)\n    - [Student in Lithuania](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/student-lithuania_en)\n    - [Student in Luxembourg](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/student-luxembourg_en)\n    - [Student in Malta](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/student-malta_en)\n    - [Student in Poland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/student-poland_en)\n    - [Student in Portugal](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/student-portugal_en)\n    - [Student in Romania](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/student-romania_en)\n    - [Student in the Netherlands](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/student-netherlands_en)\n    - [Trainee in Belgium](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/trainee-belgium_en)\n    - [Trainee in Austria](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/trainee-austria_en)\n    - [Trainee in Bulgaria](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/trainee-bulgaria_en)\n    - [Trainee in Croatia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/trainee-croatia_en)\n    - [Trainee in Cyprus](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/trainee-cyprus_en)\n    - [Trainee in Czechia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/trainee-czechia_en)\n    - [Trainee in Denmark](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/trainee-denmark_en)\n    - [Trainee in Estonia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/trainee-estonia_en)\n    - [Trainee in Finland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/trainee-finland_en)\n    - [Trainee in France](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/trainee-france_en)\n    - [Trainee in Germany](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/trainee-germany_en)\n    - [Trainee in Greece](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/trainee-greece_en)\n    - [Trainee in Hungary](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/trainee-hungary_en)\n    - [Trainee in Ireland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/trainee-ireland_en)\n    - [Trainee in Italy](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/trainee-italy_en)\n    - [Trainee in Latvia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/trainee-latvia_en)\n    - [Trainee in Lithuania](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/trainee-lithuania_en)\n    - [Trainee in Luxembourg](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/trainee-luxembourg_en)\n    - [Trainee in Malta](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/trainee-malta_en)\n    - [Trainee in Poland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/trainee-poland_en)\n    - [Trainee in Portugal](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/trainee-portugal_en)\n    - [Trainee in Romania](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/trainee-romania_en)\n    - [Trainee in the Netherlands](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/trainee-netherlands_en)\n    - [Volunteer in Belgium](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/volunteer-belgium_en)\n    - [Volunteer in Austria](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/volunteer-austria_en)\n    - [Volunteer in Bulgaria](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/volunteer-bulgaria_en)\n    - [Volunteer in Croatia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/volunteer-croatia_en)\n    - [Volunteer in Cyprus](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/volunteer-cyprus_en)\n    - [Volunteer in Czechia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/volunteer-czechia_en)\n    - [Volunteer in Denmark](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/volunteer-denmark_en)\n    - [Volunteer in Estonia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/volunteer-estonia_en)\n    - [Volunteer in Finland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/volunteer-finland_en)\n    - [Volunteer in France](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/volunteer-france_en)\n    - [Volunteer in Germany](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/volunteer-germany_en)\n    - [Volunteer in Greece](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/volunteer-greece_en)\n    - [Volunteer in Hungary](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/volunteer-hungary_en)\n    - [Volunteer in Ireland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/volunteer-ireland_en)\n    - [Volunteer in Italy](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/volunteer-italy_en)\n    - [Volunteer in Latvia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/volunteer-latvia_en)\n    - [Volunteer in Lithuania](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/volunteer-lithuania_en)\n    - [Volunteer in Luxembourg](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/volunteer-luxembourg_en)\n    - [Volunteer in Malta](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/volunteer-malta_en)\n    - [Volunteer in Poland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/volunteer-poland_en)\n    - [Volunteer in Portugal](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/volunteer-portugal_en)\n    - [Volunteer in Romania](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/volunteer-romania_en)\n    - [Volunteer in the Netherlands](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/volunteer-netherlands_en)\n    - [Who does what?](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/who-does-what_en)\n    - [What category do I fit into?](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/what-category-do-i-fit_en)\n    - [Already in the EU?](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/already-eu_en)\n    - [What should I avoid?](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/what-should-i-avoid_en)\n    - [EU Blue Card](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/eu-blue-card_en)\n    - [See all](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal_en)\n  - Irregular migration and return\n    - [An effective, firm and fair EU return and readmission policy](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/irregular-migration-and-return\/effective-firm-and-fair-eu-return-and-readmission-policy_en)\n    - [International Conference on a Global Alliance to Counter Migrant Smuggling](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/irregular-migration-and-return\/international-conference-global-alliance-counter-migrant-smuggling_en)\n    - [Migrant smuggling](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/irregular-migration-and-return\/migrant-smuggling_en)\n    - [The EU Return Coordinator](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/irregular-migration-and-return\/eu-return-coordinator_en)\n    - [2025 International Conference of the Global Alliance to Counter Migrant Smuggling](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/irregular-migration-and-return\/2025-international-conference-global-alliance-counter-migrant-smuggling_en)\n    - [See all](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/irregular-migration-and-return_en)\n  - Legal migration and resettlement\n    - [European Migration Forum (EMF)](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/european-migration-forum-emf_en)\n    - [Legal migration fitness check](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/legal-migration-and-resettlement\/legal-migration-fitness-check_en)\n    - [Long-term residents](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/legal-migration-and-resettlement\/long-term-residents_en)\n    - [Resettlement and humanitarian admission](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/legal-migration-and-resettlement\/resettlement-and-humanitarian-admission_en)\n    - [Study and research](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/legal-migration-and-resettlement\/study-and-research_en)\n    - [Family reunification with non-EU nationals](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/legal-migration-and-resettlement\/family-reunification-non-eu-nationals_en)\n    - [Talent Partnerships](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/legal-migration-and-resettlement\/talent-partnerships_en)\n    - [Work](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/legal-migration-and-resettlement\/work_en)\n    - [See all](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/legal-migration-and-resettlement_en)\n  - Migrant integration\n    - [Migrant integration hub](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/migrant-integration\/migrant-integration-hub_en)\n    - [EU integration policy](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/migrant-integration\/eu-integration-policy_en)\n    - [EU long-term residence](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/migrant-integration\/eu-long-term-residence_en)\n    - [See all](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/migrant-integration_en)\n  - Migration management\n    - [Migration Management in Italy](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/migration-management\/migration-management-italy_en)\n    - [Migration Management in Spain](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/migration-management\/migration-management-spain_en)\n    - [Migration management in Cyprus](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/migration-management\/migration-management-cyprus_en)\n    - [Migration management: Welcoming displaced people from Ukraine](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/migration-management\/migration-management-welcoming-displaced-people-ukraine_en)\n    - [Relocation: EU solidarity in practice](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/migration-management\/relocation-eu-solidarity-practice_en)\n    - [Search and rescue](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/migration-management\/search-and-rescue_en)\n    - [Task Force Migration Management](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/migration-management\/task-force-migration-management_en)\n    - [Migration management in Greece](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/migration-management\/migration-management-greece_en)\n    - [See all](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/migration-management_en)\n  - Pact on Migration and Asylum\n    - [First Annual Migration Management Cycle](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/pact-migration-and-asylum\/first-annual-migration-management-cycle_en)\n    - [Legislative files in a nutshell](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/pact-migration-and-asylum\/legislative-files-nutshell_en)\n    - [Implementing the Pact on Migration and Asylum](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/pact-migration-and-asylum\/implementing-pact-migration-and-asylum_en)\n    - [Questions and answers on the Pact on Migration and Asylum](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/pact-migration-and-asylum\/questions-and-answers-pact-migration-and-asylum_en)\n    - [See all](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/pact-migration-and-asylum_en)\n  - [Statistics on migration to Europe](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/statistics-migration-europe_en)\n  - [Discover more](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum_en)\n- Schengen\n  Schengen\n  \n  Schengen guarantees free movement to more than 450 million EU citizens, along with non-EU nationals living in the EU or visiting the EU as tourists, exchange students or for business purposes, anyone legally present in the EU.\n  \n  - Border crossing\n    - [Short-stay calculator](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/border-crossing\/short-stay-calculator_en)\n    - [See all](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/border-crossing_en)\n  - [Eurosur](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/eurosur_en)\n  - [Effective management of external borders](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/effective-management-external-borders_en)\n  - [Interoperability](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/interoperability_en)\n  - Schengen Information System\n    - [Access rights and data protection](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/schengen-information-system\/access-rights-and-data-protection_en)\n    - [Alerts and data in SIS](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/schengen-information-system\/alerts-and-data-sis_en)\n    - [Questions and answers](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/schengen-information-system\/questions-and-answers_en)\n    - [SIRENE cooperation](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/schengen-information-system\/sirene-cooperation_en)\n    - [Success stories](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/schengen-information-system\/success-stories_en)\n    - [What is SIS and how does it work?](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/schengen-information-system\/what-sis-and-how-does-it-work_en)\n    - [See all](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/schengen-information-system_en)\n  - Schengen area\n    - [History of Schengen](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/schengen-area\/history-schengen_en)\n    - [Schengen Governance](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/schengen-area\/schengen-governance_en)\n    - [Temporary Reintroduction of Border Control](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/schengen-area\/temporary-reintroduction-border-control_en)\n    - [See all](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/schengen-area_en)\n  - Smart Borders\n    - [European Travel Information and Authorisation System (ETIAS)](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/smart-borders\/european-travel-information-authorisation-system_en)\n    - [Entry\/Exit System (EES)](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/smart-borders\/entry-exit-system_en)\n    - [See all](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/smart-borders_en)\n  - [Travel and residence documents](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/travel-and-residence-documents_en)\n  - Visa Information System (VIS)\n    - [Key documents and legislation on VIS](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system\/key-documents-and-legislation-vis_en)\n    - [See all](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_en)\n  - Visa policy\n    - [Applying for a Schengen visa](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-policy\/applying-schengen-visa_en)\n    - [Legal documents related to Schengen visas](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-policy\/legal-documents-related-schengen-visas_en)\n    - [Short-stay visas issued by Schengen countries](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-policy\/short-stay-visas-issued-schengen-countries_en)\n    - [See all](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-policy_en)\n  - [Discover more](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen_en)\n- Internal security\n  Internal security\n  \n  The European Commission plays a key role in shaping and implementing the EU’s internal security policies, ensuring that security is integrated into EU legislation and policies.\n  \n  - Counter-terrorism and radicalisation\n    - [Fight against the financing of terrorism](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/counter-terrorism-and-radicalisation\/fight-against-financing-terrorism_en)\n    - [Prevention of radicalisation](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/counter-terrorism-and-radicalisation\/prevention-radicalisation_en)\n    - [Protection](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/counter-terrorism-and-radicalisation\/protection_en)\n    - [See all](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/counter-terrorism-and-radicalisation_en)\n  - Cybercrime\n    - [E-evidence](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/cybercrime\/e-evidence_en)\n    - [International cooperation against cybercrime](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/cybercrime\/international-cooperation-against-cybercrime_en)\n    - [See all](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/cybercrime_en)\n  - Innovation and security research\n    - [Security Research Event](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/innovation-and-security-research\/security-research-event_en)\n    - [See all](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/innovation-and-security-research_en)\n  - Law enforcement cooperation\n    - [EMPACT fighting crime together](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/law-enforcement-cooperation\/empact-fighting-crime-together_en)\n    - [Cooperation with Europol](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/law-enforcement-cooperation\/cooperation-europol_en)\n    - [Cooperation with CEPOL](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/law-enforcement-cooperation\/cooperation-cepol_en)\n    - [Information exchange](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/law-enforcement-cooperation\/information-exchange_en)\n    - [Operational law enforcement cooperation](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/law-enforcement-cooperation\/operational-law-enforcement-cooperation_en)\n    - [Supporting action: funding, research and innovation](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/law-enforcement-cooperation\/supporting-action-funding-research-and-innovation_en)\n    - [Travel Information](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/law-enforcement-cooperation\/travel-information_en)\n    - [See all](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/law-enforcement-cooperation_en)\n  - Lawful access to data\n    - [Data retention](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/lawful-access-data\/data-retention_en)\n    - [Encryption](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/lawful-access-data\/encryption_en)\n    - [Projects for digital investigations](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/lawful-access-data\/projects-digital-investigations_en)\n    - [See all](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/lawful-access-data_en)\n  - Organised crime\n    - [Confiscation and asset recovery](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/organised-crime\/confiscation-and-asset-recovery_en)\n    - [Crime prevention](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/organised-crime\/crime-prevention_en)\n    - [Drugs policy](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/organised-crime\/drugs-policy_en)\n    - [Financial investigations](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/organised-crime\/financial-investigations_en)\n    - [Money laundering](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/organised-crime\/money-laundering_en)\n    - [Together Against Trafficking in Human Beings](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/organised-crime\/together-against-trafficking-human-beings_en)\n    - [Trafficking in cultural goods](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/organised-crime\/trafficking-cultural-goods_en)\n    - [Trafficking in firearms](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/organised-crime\/trafficking-firearms_en)\n    - [Counterfeiting](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/organised-crime\/counterfeiting_en)\n    - [See all](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/organised-crime_en)\n  - Protecting children from sexual abuse\n    - [Funding to support the fight against child sexual abuse](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/protecting-children-sexual-abuse\/funding-support-fight-against-child-sexual-abuse_en)\n    - [Cooperation against child sexual abuse](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/protecting-children-sexual-abuse\/cooperation-against-child-sexual-abuse_en)\n    - [EU versus Child Sexual Abuse](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/protecting-children-sexual-abuse\/eu-versus-child-sexual-abuse_en)\n    - [Legal framework to protect children](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/protecting-children-sexual-abuse\/legal-framework-protect-children_en)\n    - [What is the EU doing to protect children from sexual abuse?](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/protecting-children-sexual-abuse\/what-eu-doing-protect-children-sexual-abuse_en)\n    - [See all](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/protecting-children-sexual-abuse_en)\n  - [Discover more](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security_en)\n- [Agencies](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/agencies_en)\n- Networks\n  Networks\n  \n  The DG for Migration and Home Affairs organises and supports networks where members exchange views and information on policies, such as: child sexual abuse, radicalisation, drugs, protection of critical infrastructure and migration.\n  \n  - CERIS - Community for European Research and Innovation for Security\n    - [About CERIS](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/ceris-community-european-research-and-innovation-security\/about-ceris_en)\n    - [CERIS in pictures](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/ceris-community-european-research-and-innovation-security\/ceris-pictures_en)\n    - [CERIS events](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/ceris-community-european-research-and-innovation-security\/ceris-events_en)\n    - [CERIS news](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/ceris-community-european-research-and-innovation-security\/ceris-news_en)\n    - [EU security market study](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/ceris-community-european-research-and-innovation-security\/eu-security-market-study_en)\n    - [Subscribe](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/ceris-community-european-research-and-innovation-security\/subscribe_en)\n    - [Thematic areas](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/ceris-community-european-research-and-innovation-security\/thematic-areas_en)\n    - [See all](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/ceris-community-european-research-and-innovation-security_en)\n  - [European Migration Forum (EMF)](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/european-migration-forum-emf_en)\n  - EU Knowledge Hub on Prevention of Radicalisation\n    - [Calls for Applications](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation\/calls-applications_en)\n    - [Knowledge Transfer](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation\/knowledge-transfer_en)\n    - [Inspiring Practices Repository](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation\/inspiring-practices-repository_en)\n    - [Prev. Inspiring Practices Repository](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation\/prev-inspiring-practices-repository_en)\n    - [Thematic Panels](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation\/thematic-panels_en)\n    - [Welcome Package](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation\/welcome-package_en)\n    - [Expert Database](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation\/expert-database_en)\n    - [Media](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation\/media_en)\n    - [PCVE & Strategic Communications](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation\/pcve-strategic-communications_en)\n    - [The Root Causes of Violent Extremism - The Basics](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation\/root-causes-violent-extremism-basics_en)\n    - [Strategic Orientations on a coordinated EU approach to prevention of radicalisation](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation\/strategic-orientations-coordinated-eu-approach-prevention-radicalisation_en)\n    - [A Way Out From Violent Extremism](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation\/way-out-violent-extremism_en)\n    - [Establishing Common Standards ‒ Gender-specific approaches in practical P\/CVE](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation\/establishing-common-standards-gender-specific-approaches-practical-pcve_en)\n    - [EU Security Union Strategy](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation\/eu-security-union-strategy_en)\n    - [About the EU Knowledge Hub on Prevention of Radicalisation](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation\/about-eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation_en)\n    - [Spotlight on Gender](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation\/spotlight-gender_en)\n    - [Guide for Teachers and Schools](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation\/guide-teachers-and-schools_en)\n    - [News](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation\/news_en)\n    - [Calendar](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation\/calendar_en)\n    - [See all](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation_en)\n  - RAN Policy Support\n    - [EC Research e-Library on Radicalisation](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/ran-policy-support\/ec-research-e-library-radicalisation_en)\n    - [See all](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/ran-policy-support_en)\n  - European Migration Network (EMN)\n    - [About the EMN](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/european-migration-network-emn\/about-emn_en)\n    - [EMN Asylum and Migration Glossary](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/european-migration-network-emn\/emn-asylum-and-migration-glossary_en)\n    - [EMN Events](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/european-migration-network-emn\/emn-events_en)\n    - [EMN Member and Observer Countries](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/european-migration-network-emn\/emn-member-and-observer-countries_en)\n    - [EMN partners](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/european-migration-network-emn\/emn-partners_en)\n    - [EMN publications](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/european-migration-network-emn\/emn-publications_en)\n    - [EMNews](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/european-migration-network-emn\/emnews_en)\n    - [Expert groups](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/european-migration-network-emn\/expert-groups_en)\n    - [See all](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/european-migration-network-emn_en)\n  - [European Union Internet Forum](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/european-union-internet-forum_en)\n  - [Labour Migration Platform](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/labour-migration-platform_en)\n  - [Law Enforcement Networks Working Group (LENWG)](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/law-enforcement-networks-working-group-lenwg_en)\n  - [Network for the Prevention of Child Sexual Abuse](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/network-prevention-child-sexual-abuse_en)\n  - [High-Level Group (HLG) on access to data for effective law enforcement](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/high-level-group-hlg-access-data-effective-law-enforcement_en)\n  - [Civil Society Forum on Drugs (CSF)](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/civil-society-forum-drugs-csf_en)\n  - RAN Practitioners (archived)\n    - [About RAN](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/radicalisation-awareness-network-ran\/about-ran_en)\n    - [Civil Society Empowerment Programme (CSEP)](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/radicalisation-awareness-network-ran\/civil-society-empowerment-programme_en)\n    - [Collection of inspiring practices](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/radicalisation-awareness-network-ran\/collection-inspiring-practices_en)\n    - [Conferences and Webinars](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/radicalisation-awareness-network-ran\/conferences-and-webinars_en)\n    - [Publications](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/radicalisation-awareness-network-ran\/ran-publications_en)\n    - [RAN Media](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/radicalisation-awareness-network-ran\/ran-media_en)\n    - [RAN News](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/radicalisation-awareness-network-ran\/ran-news_en)\n    - [RAN Participants](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/radicalisation-awareness-network-ran\/ran-participants_en)\n    - [RAN Practitioners pages](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/radicalisation-awareness-network-ran\/ran-practitioners-pages_en)\n    - [RAN Publications](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/radicalisation-awareness-network-ran\/ran-publications_en)\n    - 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[HOME](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/index_en)\n2. …\n3. [Policies](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies_en)\n4. [Schengen](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen_en)\n5. Visa policy\n# Visa policy\n- 23 June 2025\n\nPage contents\n\nPage contents\n\n- [What is EU visa policy?](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-policy_en#what-is-eu-visa-policy)\n- [What are the main elements of EU visa policy?](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-policy_en#what-are-the-main-elements-of-eu-visa-policy)\n- [Which countries' nationals need a visa to enter the Schengen area?](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-policy_en#which-countries-nationals-need-a-visa-to-enter-the-schengen-area)\n\n## What is EU visa policy?\nUnder this key policy, all 29 countries in the [Schengen area](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen-borders-and-visa\/schengen-area_en) apply the same visa rules.\n\n**Non-EU nationals** need a visa to enter the Schengen area for a visit of up to **90 days** in any **180-day period**.\n\nWhen someone enters a country in the Schengen area, the 180-day period starts. They can enter Schengen area countries as many times as they want, but only stay for a total of 90 days, every 180 days.\n\nA Schengen visa is generally valid for every country in the Schengen area.\n\n**Visas for stays exceeding 90 days are subject to national procedures**.\n\n*EU visa policy is monitored and implemented by the European Commission*.\n\nIn January 2026, the European Commission adopted its first-ever [EU Visa Strategy](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/document\/download\/f873d151-f079-424b-9575-bece4113447c_en?filename=EU%20Visa%20Policy%20Strategy.pdf). It sets out a framework for a visa policy that is more strategic and that advances the EU's long-term interests, allowing it to be better equipped for growing mobility as well as the consequences of regional instability and geopolitical competition.\n## What are the main elements of EU visa policy?\nCountries whose nationals require a visa\n\nFor a list of these countries, see Annex I of [Regulation (EU) 2018\/1806](https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX%3A02018R1806-20251230).\n\nIndividual Schengen countries can [grant visa-free access to certain categories of people](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/document\/download\/e3561580-9b1d-40cc-ae35-82b31817429b_en?filename=Information%20on%20national%20derogations%20from%20the%20visa%20requirement_en.xlsx) - for example diplomatic staff, armed forces, refugees and school pupils on an excursion.\n\nCountries whose nationals require a visa for airport transfers\n\nNationals of [certain countries](https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/HTML\/?uri=CELEX:02009R0810-20200202&qid=1700746099626#tocId629) must have a visa - called an **airport transit visa** - even to simply transit through the international (non-Schengen) part of an EU airport.\n\nSchengen countries can also impose [individual airport transit requirements](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/document\/download\/7337515c-60a1-4510-b639-80de714f543e_en?filename=Annex%207b_en.pdf) on certain other countries.\n\nCountries whose nationals don't require a visa\n\nFor a list of these countries, see Annex II of the [Regulation (EU) 2018\/1806](https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX%3A32018R1806).\n\n27 of these countries have [visa waiver agreements](https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/EN\/legal-content\/summary\/visa-waiver-agreements.html) with the EU.\n\nThe decision of whether to grant visa-free status to a non-EU country is based on a variety of criteria (migration, security, considerations of human rights, reciprocity, and economic benefit - in particular in terms of tourism and foreign trade).\n\nVisa-exempt travellers will need to fill out an online [ETIAS](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen-borders-and-visa\/smart-borders\/european-travel-information-authorisation-system_en) form and pay a small fee before being able to travel to the Schengen Area, six months after the full implementation of [Entry\/Exit system (EES)](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/smart-borders\/entry-exit-system_en).\n\nThis form is designed to facilitate border control and security.\n\nIt is not a visa, but is comparable to similar systems in the USA (ESTA), Canada (eTA), and Australia (eVisitor).\n\nVisa code\n\nThe [EU visa code](https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX%3A02009R0810-20200202) sets out the procedures and conditions for issuing **short-stay visas**.\n\nOperational instructions for applying the code are set out in:\n\n- [Handbook for processing visa applications](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/document\/download\/1d79f44d-49ba-4847-951e-129f924b1051_en?filename=Commission%20Implementing%20Decision%20C%282024%29%204319-annex_en.PDF)\n- [Handbook for managing visa processing](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/document\/download\/da7dfaa7-9a4e-493d-ac40-6c2f412bc94c_en?filename=c-2020-1764-commission-implementing-decision_en.pdf)\n\nThe visa code also helps improve cooperation with non-EU countries on **readmissions of irregular migrants**, through the 'visa leverage mechanism'. Under this mechanism, if a country does not cooperate sufficiently on readmissions, **restrictive measures** can be imposed as regards processing visas and visa fees.\n\nSuch measures have been adopted for nationals of The Gambia:\n\n- [Decision suspending visa-free access certain provisions of the Visa Code for Gambian nationals](https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/AUTO\/?uri=CELEX:32021D1781)\n- [Decision suspending certain provisions of the Visa Code for Ethiopian nationals](https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/AUTO\/?uri=CELEX:32024D1341)\n\nVisa facilitation agreements with non-EU countries\n\nThe EU has [visa facilitation agreements](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen-borders-and-visa\/visa-policy_en) in place with certain non-EU countries. Under the **simplified visa regime**, non-EU citizens enjoy facilitated procedures (such as lower visa fees) to obtain a visa for the Schengen area.\n\n| Country | Visa facilitation agreement | Entry into force |\n|---|---|---|\n| Albania | [Agreement between the European Community and the Republic of Albania on the facilitation of the issuance of visas](http:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/ALL\/?uri=CELEX:22007A1219\\(05\\)&qid=1395933714988) |   |\n\nHowever, visa facilitation agreements can be suspended if a countryno longer satisfies the conditions of the agreement. What then applies are the general rules of the EU visa code.\n\nSuspensions can be triggered by an EU country or by the European Commission. Currently, 2 agreements are suspended, those with:\n\n- [**Russia**](https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/AUTO\/?uri=CONSIL%3AST_12039_2022_INIT) (full suspension of facilitation agreement)\n- [**Belarus**](https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/eli\/dec\/2021\/1940\/oj) (partial suspension of facilitation agreement).\n\nVisa facilitation agreements are linked to [readmission agreements](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/irregular-migration-and-return\/humane-and-effective-return-and-readmission-policy_en). Readmission agreements establish procedures for returning irregular migrants to the EU or non-EU country they came from (EU, non-EU nationals or stateless persons).\n\nEU countries may also individually negotiate agreements on [local border](https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/ALL\/?uri=CELEX:32006R1931R\\(01\\))traffic with neighbouring non-EU countries. These agreements enable border residents of specific areas to cross the EU's external borders, under certain conditions, without having to obtain a visa.\n\nSuspension of visa-free travel\n\nArticle 8 of [Regulation (EU) 2018\/1806](https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/HTML\/?uri=CELEX:32018R1806), as amended by [Regulation (EU) 2025\/2441](https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/HTML\/?uri=OJ:L_202502441), sets out the EU’s **visa suspension mechanism**. It allows the temporary suspension of visa-free travel to the Schengen area for nationals of a third country when visa-free travel is abused or works against EU interests.\n\nThe mechanism may be triggered by a Member State notification or by the Commission. Grounds include substantial increases in irregular migration, refused entries, unfounded asylum applications, lack of alignment with EU visa policy, operation of an investor citizenship scheme, or a deterioration in the Union's external relations with a third country listed in Annex II, including due to human rights violations.\n\nSuspension can initially last up to 12 months and may be extended for a further 24 months. During this period, the EU engages with the third country to address the issues and may apply the suspension in a targeted way, for example to government officials or diplomats.\n\nCurrently the visa waiver agreement with [**Vanuatu**](https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/eli\/dec\/2022\/2198\/oj) has been suspended under the suspension mechanism.\n\nThe European Commission has suspended visa-free travel for [Georgian](https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/PDF\/?uri=OJ:L_202600496) holders of diplomatic, service, and official passports, effective from March 6, 2026, until March 6, 2027.\n\nSince 2017, the Commission has been issuing annual reports on its usage of the mechanism.\n\nVisa reciprocity\n\nThis is when nationals of Schengen area countries do not need a visa to visit countries whose nationals also do not need a visa to visit the Schengen area.\n\nThe EU aims at achieving full visa reciprocity with non-EU countries whose nationals are exempt from the visa requirement. For that purpose, a visa reciprocity mechanism is set out in Regulation No 1806\/2018 ([article 7](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/system\/files\/2020-05\/regulation-2018-1806.pdf)).\n\nTo date, the EU has achieved visa **reciprocity with all visa-free third countries, except the United States**.\n\nCitizens of Bulgaria, Cyprus, and Romania still need a visa to visit the United States.\n\nVisa digitalisation\n\nThe [Pact on Migration and Asylum](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/pact-migration-and-asylum_en) set the objective of making the visa procedure fully [digitalised](https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/commission\/presscorner\/detail\/en\/qanda_22_2583) by 2025.\n\nThis involves:\n\n- replacing the visa sticker with the option to apply through a European **online visa platform**\n- **simplifying** the visa application process\n- reducing the **costs** for governments and applicants.\n\nThe requirements are set out in [Regulation 2023\/2685](https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/eli\/reg\/2023\/2685) and [Regulation 2023\/2667](https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/eli\/reg\/2023\/2667).\n\nAfter a transition period of 7 years, Schengen countries will all have to use the **EU's standard online platform for visa applications**:\n\n- applicants will carry out all steps in the process on the platform, except for providing biometrics (when required)\n- a digital visa will replace the visa sticker.\n## Which countries' nationals need a visa to enter the Schengen area?\n[Skip map](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-policy_en#skipMap_d73a8glrpg)\n\nPlease use 2 fingers to navigate this map.\n\nReset\n\nZoom in\n\nZoom out\n\nFullscreen\n\nPrint\n\n[Close](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-policy_en#info_d73a8glrpg)\n\n[Webtools](https:\/\/webtools.europa.eu\/documentation \"A JS library of EU\") + [© EC-GISCO](https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/web\/gisco\/overview \"GISCO is responsible for meeting the European Commission's geographical information\") + © EuroGeographics © UN-FAO for the administrative boundaries \\| [Disclaimer](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-policy_en#info_d73a8glrpg)\n\n[Back to previous map.](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-policy_en#backMap_d73a8glrpg)\n\n![Who must apply](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/oe_theme_ratio_3_2_medium\/public\/2021-09\/6336-2.jpg?itok=hpzZ-eul)\n\n[Applying for a Schengen visa](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-policy\/applying-schengen-visa_en)\n\n![Key documents](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/oe_theme_ratio_3_2_medium\/public\/2021-10\/key%20documents.jpg?itok=uPK2lnVI)\n\n[Legal documents related to visa policy](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-policy\/legal-documents-related-schengen-visas_en)\n\n![Statistics](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/oe_theme_ratio_3_2_medium\/public\/2021-09\/6338-6.jpg?itok=gqrcObiG)\n\n[Statistics on short-stay visas](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-policy\/short-stay-visas-issued-schengen-countries_en)\n\n## News corner\n![The visual shows the handing over of the Visa Liberalisation Action Plan (VLAP) to Armenian authorities in Yerevan, by European Commission Director, Johannes Luchner. ](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/oe_theme_ratio_3_2_medium\/public\/2025-11\/EU-Armenia%20visa%20liberalisation.jpg?h=b69e0e0e&itok=NTuarUDK)\n\n- News article\n- 5 November 2025\n\n[Commission presents Action Plan on Visa Liberalisation with Armenia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/news\/commission-presents-action-plan-visa-liberalisation-armenia-2025-11-05_en)\n\n- 1 min read\n\n![The visual shows a passport, a VISA, and a stamp, against a blue background.](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/oe_theme_ratio_3_2_medium\/public\/2024-05\/Visa%20statistics%20news%20item.jpeg?h=9cbe1644&itok=OsnX-V1F)\n\n- News article\n- 15 May 2024\n\n[Visa applications reach 10.3 million in EU- and Schengen Associated Countries](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/news\/visa-applications-reach-103-million-eu-and-schengen-associated-countries-2024-05-15_en)\n\n- 2 min read\n\n![Image displays Kosovo and EU flags, airplane, woman, luggage and world map.](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/oe_theme_ratio_3_2_medium\/public\/2024-01\/Visa%20free%20Kosovo.png?itok=KHHhsq3p)\n\n- News article\n- 3 January 2024\n\n[Visa-free travel for Kosovo citizens to the EU](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/news\/visa-free-travel-kosovo-citizens-eu-2024-01-03_en)\n\n- 1 min read\n\n[See more news](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/news-visa-policy_en?prefLang=el&f%5B0%5D=policies_policies%3A30)\n\nShare this page\n\n- [X](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-policy_en#x \"Share via X\")\n- [Facebook](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-policy_en#facebook \"Share via Facebook\")\n- [LinkedIn](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-policy_en#linkedin \"Share via LinkedIn\")\n- [E-mail](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-policy_en#email \"Share via E-mail\")\n- [More share options](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-policy_en#share \"More share options\")\n  \n  - [X](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-policy_en#x)\n  - 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Affairs\n\nContact us\n\n- [Contact our DG](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/who-we-are\/contact-us_en)\n\nMore information on:\n\n- [Live, work, travel in the EU](https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/live-work-travel-eu_en)\n\n[![European Commission logo](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/themes\/contrib\/oe_theme\/dist\/ec\/images\/logo\/negative\/logo-ec--en.svg)](https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/index_en)\n\nFollow the European Commission\n\n- [Facebook](https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/EuropeanCommission)\n- [Instagram](https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/europeancommission)\n- [X](https:\/\/x.com\/EU_Commission)\n- [Linkedin](https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/european-commission)\n- [Other](https:\/\/european-union.europa.eu\/contact-eu\/social-media-channels_en)\n\n- [Contact us](https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/about\/contact_en)\n\n- [Report an IT vulnerability](https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/legal-notice\/vulnerability-disclosure-policy_en)\n- [Languages on our websites](https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/languages-our-websites_en)\n- [Cookies](https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/cookies-policy_en)\n- [Privacy policy](https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/privacy-policy-websites-managed-european-commission_en)\n- [Legal notice](https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/legal-notice_en)\n- [Accessibility](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/accessibility-statement_en)\n\nSearch\n\nSearch\n\nToggle the filter display\n\nClose\n\nEU\/European Commission survey\n\n[Close]()\n\nPlease help us improve our website by answering a few quick questions – when you leave this site\\!\n\nI have read and agree with the [Privacy statement](https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eusurvey\/home\/privacystatement?language=en)\n\n[OK]()\n\n[No, thank you]()\n\nDon’t ask me about this survey again.\n\n(A cookie will be created so that you do not receive this message again)","attrs_readable_markdown":"Under this key policy, all 29 countries in the [Schengen 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They can enter Schengen area countries as many times as they want, but only stay for a total of 90 days, every 180 days.\n\nA Schengen visa is generally valid for every country in the Schengen area.\n\n**Visas for stays exceeding 90 days are subject to national procedures**.\n\n*EU visa policy is monitored and implemented by the European Commission*.\n\nIn January 2026, the European Commission adopted its first-ever [EU Visa Strategy](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/document\/download\/f873d151-f079-424b-9575-bece4113447c_en?filename=EU%20Visa%20Policy%20Strategy.pdf). 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Visa policy - Migration and Home Affairs - European Commission

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The EU has a common visa policy for persons entering the Schengen area from third countries, this includes the short-stay Schengen visa.

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Under this key policy, all 29 countries in the Schengen area apply the same visa rules. Non-EU nationals need a visa to enter the Schengen area for a visit of up to 90 days in any 180-day period . When someone enters a country in the Schengen area, the 180-day period starts. They can enter Schengen area countries as many times as they want, but only stay for a total of 90 days, every 180 days. A Schengen visa is generally valid for every country in the Schengen area. Visas for stays exceeding 90 days are subject to national procedures . EU visa policy is monitored and implemented by the European Commission . In January 2026, the European Commission adopted its first-ever EU Visa Strategy . It sets out a framework for a visa policy that is more strategic and that advances the EU's long-term interests, allowing it to be better equipped for growing mobility as well as the consequences of regional instability and geopolitical competition.

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[Family member in Slovakia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/family-member-slovakia_en) - [Family member in Slovenia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/family-member-slovenia_en) - [Student in Sweden](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-sweden_en) - [Family member in Spain](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/family-member-spain_en) - [Researcher in Slovakia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/researcher-slovakia_en) - [Researcher in Slovenia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/researcher-slovenia_en) - [Researcher in Spain](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/researcher-spain_en) - [Employed worker in Belgium](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/employed-worker-belgium_en) - [Employed worker in Austria](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/employed-worker-austria_en) - [Employed worker in Bulgaria](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/employed-worker-bulgaria_en) - [Employed worker in Croatia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/employed-worker-croatia_en) - [Employed worker in Cyprus](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/employed-worker-cyprus_en) - [Employed worker in Czechia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/employed-worker-czechia_en) - [Employed worker in Denmark](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/employed-worker-denmark_en) - [Employed worker in Estonia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/employed-worker-estonia_en) - [Employed worker in Finland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/employed-worker-finland_en) - [Employed worker in Germany](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/employed-worker-germany_en) - [Employed worker in France](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/employed-worker-france_en) - [Employed worker in Greece](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/employed-worker-greece_en) - [Employed worker in Hungary](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/employed-worker-hungary_en) - [Employed worker in Ireland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/employed-worker-ireland_en) - [Employed worker in Italy](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/employed-worker-italy_en) - [Employed worker in Latvia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/employed-worker-latvia_en) - [Employed worker in Lithuania](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/employed-worker-lithuania_en) - [Employed worker in Luxembourg](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/employed-worker-luxembourg_en) - [Employed worker in Malta](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/employed-worker-malta_en) - [Employed worker in Poland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/employed-worker-poland_en) - [Researcher in Sweden](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/researcher-sweden_en) - [Employed worker in Portugal](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/employed-worker-portugal_en) - [Employed worker in Romania](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/employed-worker-romania_en) - [Employed worker in the Netherlands](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/employed-worker-netherlands_en) - [Family member in Belgium](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/family-member-belgium_en) - [Family member in Austria](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/family-member-austria_en) - [Family member in Bulgaria](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/family-member-bulgaria_en) - [Family member in Croatia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/family-member-croatia_en) - [Family member in Cyprus](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/family-member-cyprus_en) - [Family member in Czechia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/family-member-czechia_en) - [Family member in Denmark](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/family-member-denmark_en) - [Family member in Estonia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/family-member-estonia_en) - [Family member in Finland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/family-member-finland_en) - [Family member in France](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/family-member-france_en) - [Family member in Germany](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/family-member-germany_en) - [Family member in Greece](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/family-member-greece_en) - [Family member in Hungary](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/family-member-hungary_en) - [Family member in Ireland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/family-member-ireland_en) - [Family member in Italy](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/family-member-italy_en) - [Family member in Latvia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/family-member-latvia_en) - [Family member in Lithuania](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/family-member-lithuania_en) - [Family member in Luxembourg](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/family-member-luxembourg_en) - [Family member in Malta](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/family-member-malta_en) - [Family member in Poland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/family-member-poland_en) - [Family member in Portugal](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/family-member-portugal_en) - [Family member in Sweden](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/family-member-sweden_en) - [Family member in Romania](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/family-member-romania_en) - [Family member in the Netherlands](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/family-member-netherlands_en) - [Highly-qualified worker in Belgium](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/highly-qualified-worker-belgium_en) - [Highly-qualified worker in Austria](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/highly-qualified-worker-austria_en) - [Highly-qualified worker in Bulgaria](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/highly-qualified-worker-bulgaria_en) - [Highly-qualified worker in Croatia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/highly-qualified-worker-croatia_en) - [Highly-qualified worker in Cyprus](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/highly-qualified-worker-cyprus_en) - [Highly-qualified worker in Czechia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/highly-qualified-worker-czechia_en) - [Highly-qualified worker in Denmark](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/highly-qualified-worker-denmark_en) - [Highly-qualified worker in Estonia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/highly-qualified-worker-estonia_en) - [Highly-qualified worker in Finland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/highly-qualified-worker-finland_en) - [Highly-qualified worker in Germany](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/highly-qualified-worker-germany_en) - [Highly-qualified worker in France](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/highly-qualified-worker-france_en) - [Highly-qualified worker in Greece](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/highly-qualified-worker-greece_en) - [Highly-qualified worker in Hungary](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/highly-qualified-worker-hungary_en) - [Highly-qualified worker in Ireland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/highly-qualified-worker-ireland_en) - [Highly-qualified worker in Italy](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/highly-qualified-worker-italy_en) - [Highly-qualified worker in Latvia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/highly-qualified-worker-latvia_en) - [Highly-qualified worker in Lithuania](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/highly-qualified-worker-lithuania_en) - [Highly-qualified worker in Luxembourg](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/highly-qualified-worker-luxembourg_en) - [Highly-qualified worker in Malta](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/highly-qualified-worker-malta_en) - [Highly-qualified worker in Poland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/highly-qualified-worker-poland_en) - [Highly-qualified worker in Portugal](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/highly-qualified-worker-portugal_en) - [Highly-qualified worker in Romania](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/highly-qualified-worker-romania_en) - [Highly-qualified worker in the Netherlands](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/highly-qualified-worker-netherlands_en) - [International service provider in Belgium](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/international-service-provider-belgium_en) - [International service provider in Bulgaria](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/international-service-provider-bulgaria_en) - [International service provider in Croatia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/international-service-provider-croatia_en) - [International service provider in Cyprus](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/international-service-provider-cyprus_en) - [International service provider in Czechia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/international-service-provider-czechia_en) - [International service provider in Denmark](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/international-service-provider-denmark_en) - [International service provider in Estonia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/international-service-provider-estonia_en) - [International service provider in Finland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/international-service-provider-finland_en) - [International service provider in France](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/international-service-provider-france_en) - [International service provider in Germany](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/international-service-provider-germany_en) - [International service provider in Greece](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/international-service-provider-greece_en) - [International service provider in Hungary](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/international-service-provider-hungary_en) - [International service provider in Ireland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/international-service-provider-ireland_en) - [International service provider in Italy](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/international-service-provider-italy_en) - [International service provider in Latvia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/international-service-provider-latvia_en) - [International service provider in Lithuania](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/international-service-provider-lithuania_en) - [International service provider in Luxembourg](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/international-service-provider-luxembourg_en) - [International service provider in Malta](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/international-service-provider-malta_en) - [International service provider in Poland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/international-service-provider-poland_en) - [International service provider in Portugal](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/international-service-provider-portugal_en) - [International service provider in Romania](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/international-service-provider-romania_en) - [International service provider in the Netherlands](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/international-service-provider-netherlands_en) - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Belgium](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-belgium_en) - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Austria](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-austria_en) - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Bulgaria](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-bulgaria_en) - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Croatia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-croatia_en) - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Cyprus](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-cyprus_en) - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Czechia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-czechia_en) - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Denmark](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-denmark_en) - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Estonia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-estonia_en) - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Finland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-finland_en) - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in France](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-france_en) - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Germany](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-germany_en) - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Greece](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-greece_en) - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Hungary](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-hungary_en) - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Ireland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-ireland_en) - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Italy](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-italy_en) - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Latvia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-latvia_en) - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Lithuania](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-lithuania_en) - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Luxembourg](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-luxembourg_en) - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Malta](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-malta_en) - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Poland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-poland_en) - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Portugal](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-portugal_en) - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Romania](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-romania_en) - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in the Netherlands](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-netherlands_en) - [Researcher in Belgium](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/researcher-belgium_en) - [Researcher in Austria](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/researcher-austria_en) - [Researcher in Bulgaria](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/researcher-bulgaria_en) - [Researcher in Croatia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/researcher-croatia_en) - [Researcher in Cyprus](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/researcher-cyprus_en) - [Researcher in Czechia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/researcher-czechia_en) - [Researcher in Denmark](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/researcher-denmark_en) - [Researcher in Estonia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/researcher-estonia_en) - [Researcher in Finland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/researcher-finland_en) - [Researcher in France](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/researcher-france_en) - [Researcher in Germany](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/researcher-germany_en) - [Researcher in Hungary](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/researcher-hungary_en) - [Researcher in Ireland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/researcher-ireland_en) - [Researcher in Italy](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/researcher-italy_en) - [Researcher in Latvia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/researcher-latvia_en) - [Researcher in Lithuania](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/researcher-lithuania_en) - [Researcher in Luxembourg](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/researcher-luxembourg_en) - [Researcher in Malta](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/researcher-malta_en) - [Researcher in Poland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/researcher-poland_en) - [Researcher in Portugal](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/researcher-portugal_en) - [Researcher in Romania](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/researcher-romania_en) - [Researcher in the Netherlands](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/researcher-netherlands_en) - [Seasonal worker in Belgium](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/seasonal-worker-belgium_en) - [Seasonal worker in Austria](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/seasonal-worker-austria_en) - [Seasonal worker in Bulgaria](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/seasonal-worker-bulgaria_en) - [Seasonal worker in Croatia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/seasonal-worker-croatia_en) - [Seasonal worker in Cyprus](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/seasonal-worker-cyprus_en) - [Seasonal worker in Czechia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/seasonal-worker-czechia_en) - [Seasonal worker in Denmark](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/seasonal-worker-denmark_en) - [Seasonal worker in Estonia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/seasonal-worker-estonia_en) - [Seasonal worker in Finland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/seasonal-worker-finland_en) - [Seasonal worker in France](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/seasonal-worker-france_en) - [Seasonal worker in Germany](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/seasonal-worker-germany_en) - [Seasonal worker in Greece](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/seasonal-worker-greece_en) - [Seasonal worker in Hungary](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/seasonal-worker-hungary_en) - [Seasonal worker in Ireland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/seasonal-worker-ireland_en) - [Seasonal worker in Italy](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/seasonal-worker-italy_en) - [Seasonal worker in Latvia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/seasonal-worker-latvia_en) - [Seasonal worker in Lithuania](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/seasonal-worker-lithuania_en) - [Seasonal worker in Luxembourg](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/seasonal-worker-luxembourg_en) - [Seasonal worker in Malta](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/seasonal-worker-malta_en) - [Seasonal worker in Poland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/seasonal-worker-poland_en) - [Seasonal worker in Portugal](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/seasonal-worker-portugal_en) - [Seasonal worker in Romania](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/seasonal-worker-romania_en) - [Seasonal worker in the Netherlands](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/seasonal-worker-netherlands_en) - [Self-employed worker in Estonia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/self-employed-worker-estonia_en) - [Self-employed worker in Finland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/self-employed-worker-finland_en) - [Self-employed worker in France](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/self-employed-worker-france_en) - [Self-employed worker in Germany](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/self-employed-worker-germany_en) - [Self-employed worker in Greece](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/self-employed-worker-greece_en) - [Self-employed worker in Hungary](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/self-employed-worker-hungary_en) - [Self-employed worker in Ireland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/self-employed-worker-ireland_en) - [Self-employed worker in Italy](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/self-employed-worker-italy_en) - [Self-employed worker in Latvia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/self-employed-worker-latvia_en) - [Self-employed worker in Lithuania](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/self-employed-worker-lithuania_en) - [Self-employed worker in Luxembourg](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/self-employed-worker-luxembourg_en) - [Self-employed worker in Malta](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/self-employed-worker-malta_en) - [Self-employed worker in Poland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/self-employed-worker-poland_en) - [Self-employed worker in Portugal](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/self-employed-worker-portugal_en) - [Self-employed worker in Romania](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/self-employed-worker-romania_en) - [Self-employed worker in the Netherlands](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/self-employed-worker-netherlands_en) - [Self-employed worker in Belgium](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/self-employed-worker-belgium_en) - [Self-employed worker in Austria](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/self-employed-worker-austria_en) - [Self-employed worker in Bulgaria](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/self-employed-worker-bulgaria_en) - [Self-employed worker in Croatia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/self-employed-worker-croatia_en) - [Self-employed worker in Cyprus](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/self-employed-worker-cyprus_en) - [Self-employed worker in Czechia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/self-employed-worker-czechia_en) - [Self-employed worker in Denmark](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/self-employed-worker-denmark_en) - [Student in Belgium](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-belgium_en) - [Student in Austria](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-austria_en) - [Student in Bulgaria](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-bulgaria_en) - [Student in Croatia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-croatia_en) - [Student in Cyprus](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-cyprus_en) - [Student in Czechia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-czechia_en) - [Student in Denmark](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-denmark_en) - [Student in Estonia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-estonia_en) - [Student in Finland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-finland_en) - [Student in France](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-france_en) - [Student in Germany](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-germany_en) - [Researcher in Greece](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/researcher-greece_en) - [Student in Greece](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-greece_en) - [Student in Hungary](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-hungary_en) - [Student in Ireland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-ireland_en) - [Student in Italy](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-italy_en) - [Student in Latvia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-latvia_en) - [Student in Lithuania](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-lithuania_en) - [Student in Luxembourg](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-luxembourg_en) - [Student in Malta](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-malta_en) - [Student in Poland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-poland_en) - [Student in Portugal](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-portugal_en) - [Student in Romania](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-romania_en) - [Student in the Netherlands](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-netherlands_en) - [Trainee in Belgium](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/trainee-belgium_en) - [Trainee in Austria](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/trainee-austria_en) - [Trainee in Bulgaria](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/trainee-bulgaria_en) - [Trainee in Croatia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/trainee-croatia_en) - [Trainee in Cyprus](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/trainee-cyprus_en) - [Trainee in Czechia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/trainee-czechia_en) - [Trainee in Denmark](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/trainee-denmark_en) - [Trainee in Estonia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/trainee-estonia_en) - [Trainee in Finland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/trainee-finland_en) - [Trainee in France](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/trainee-france_en) - [Trainee in Germany](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/trainee-germany_en) - [Trainee in Greece](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/trainee-greece_en) - [Trainee in Hungary](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/trainee-hungary_en) - [Trainee in Ireland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/trainee-ireland_en) - [Trainee in Italy](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/trainee-italy_en) - [Trainee in Latvia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/trainee-latvia_en) - [Trainee in Lithuania](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/trainee-lithuania_en) - [Trainee in Luxembourg](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/trainee-luxembourg_en) - [Trainee in Malta](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/trainee-malta_en) - [Trainee in Poland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/trainee-poland_en) - [Trainee in Portugal](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/trainee-portugal_en) - [Trainee in Romania](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/trainee-romania_en) - [Trainee in the Netherlands](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/trainee-netherlands_en) - [Volunteer in Belgium](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/volunteer-belgium_en) - [Volunteer in Austria](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/volunteer-austria_en) - [Volunteer in Bulgaria](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/volunteer-bulgaria_en) - [Volunteer in Croatia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/volunteer-croatia_en) - [Volunteer in Cyprus](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/volunteer-cyprus_en) - [Volunteer in Czechia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/volunteer-czechia_en) - [Volunteer in Denmark](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/volunteer-denmark_en) - [Volunteer in Estonia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/volunteer-estonia_en) - [Volunteer in Finland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/volunteer-finland_en) - [Volunteer in France](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/volunteer-france_en) - [Volunteer in Germany](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/volunteer-germany_en) - [Volunteer in Greece](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/volunteer-greece_en) - [Volunteer in Hungary](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/volunteer-hungary_en) - [Volunteer in Ireland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/volunteer-ireland_en) - [Volunteer in Italy](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/volunteer-italy_en) - [Volunteer in Latvia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/volunteer-latvia_en) - [Volunteer in Lithuania](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/volunteer-lithuania_en) - [Volunteer in Luxembourg](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/volunteer-luxembourg_en) - [Volunteer in Malta](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/volunteer-malta_en) - [Volunteer in Poland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/volunteer-poland_en) - [Volunteer in Portugal](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/volunteer-portugal_en) - [Volunteer in Romania](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/volunteer-romania_en) - [Volunteer in the Netherlands](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/volunteer-netherlands_en) - [Who does what?](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/who-does-what_en) - [What category do I fit into?](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/what-category-do-i-fit_en) - [Already in the EU?](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/already-eu_en) - [What should I avoid?](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/what-should-i-avoid_en) - [EU Blue Card](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/eu-blue-card_en) - [See all](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal_en) - Irregular migration and return - [An effective, firm and fair EU return and readmission policy](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/irregular-migration-and-return/effective-firm-and-fair-eu-return-and-readmission-policy_en) - [International Conference on a Global Alliance to Counter Migrant Smuggling](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/irregular-migration-and-return/international-conference-global-alliance-counter-migrant-smuggling_en) - [Migrant smuggling](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/irregular-migration-and-return/migrant-smuggling_en) - [The EU Return Coordinator](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/irregular-migration-and-return/eu-return-coordinator_en) - [2025 International Conference of the Global Alliance to Counter Migrant Smuggling](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/irregular-migration-and-return/2025-international-conference-global-alliance-counter-migrant-smuggling_en) - [See all](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/irregular-migration-and-return_en) - Legal migration and resettlement - [European Migration Forum (EMF)](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/european-migration-forum-emf_en) - [Legal migration fitness check](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/legal-migration-and-resettlement/legal-migration-fitness-check_en) - [Long-term residents](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/legal-migration-and-resettlement/long-term-residents_en) - [Resettlement and humanitarian admission](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/legal-migration-and-resettlement/resettlement-and-humanitarian-admission_en) - [Study and research](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/legal-migration-and-resettlement/study-and-research_en) - [Family reunification with non-EU nationals](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/legal-migration-and-resettlement/family-reunification-non-eu-nationals_en) - [Talent Partnerships](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/legal-migration-and-resettlement/talent-partnerships_en) - [Work](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/legal-migration-and-resettlement/work_en) - [See all](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/legal-migration-and-resettlement_en) - Migrant integration - [Migrant integration hub](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/migrant-integration/migrant-integration-hub_en) - [EU integration policy](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/migrant-integration/eu-integration-policy_en) - [EU long-term residence](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/migrant-integration/eu-long-term-residence_en) - [See all](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/migrant-integration_en) - Migration management - [Migration Management in Italy](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/migration-management/migration-management-italy_en) - [Migration Management in Spain](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/migration-management/migration-management-spain_en) - [Migration management in Cyprus](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/migration-management/migration-management-cyprus_en) - [Migration management: Welcoming displaced people from Ukraine](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/migration-management/migration-management-welcoming-displaced-people-ukraine_en) - [Relocation: EU solidarity in practice](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/migration-management/relocation-eu-solidarity-practice_en) - [Search and rescue](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/migration-management/search-and-rescue_en) - [Task Force Migration Management](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/migration-management/task-force-migration-management_en) - [Migration management in Greece](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/migration-management/migration-management-greece_en) - [See all](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/migration-management_en) - Pact on Migration and Asylum - [First Annual Migration Management Cycle](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/pact-migration-and-asylum/first-annual-migration-management-cycle_en) - [Legislative files in a nutshell](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/pact-migration-and-asylum/legislative-files-nutshell_en) - [Implementing the Pact on Migration and Asylum](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/pact-migration-and-asylum/implementing-pact-migration-and-asylum_en) - [Questions and answers on the Pact on Migration and Asylum](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/pact-migration-and-asylum/questions-and-answers-pact-migration-and-asylum_en) - [See all](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/pact-migration-and-asylum_en) - [Statistics on migration to Europe](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/statistics-migration-europe_en) - [Discover more](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum_en) - Schengen Schengen Schengen guarantees free movement to more than 450 million EU citizens, along with non-EU nationals living in the EU or visiting the EU as tourists, exchange students or for business purposes, anyone legally present in the EU. - Border crossing - [Short-stay calculator](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/border-crossing/short-stay-calculator_en) - [See all](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/border-crossing_en) - [Eurosur](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/eurosur_en) - [Effective management of external borders](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/effective-management-external-borders_en) - [Interoperability](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/interoperability_en) - Schengen Information System - [Access rights and data protection](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/schengen-information-system/access-rights-and-data-protection_en) - [Alerts and data in SIS](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/schengen-information-system/alerts-and-data-sis_en) - [Questions and answers](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/schengen-information-system/questions-and-answers_en) - [SIRENE cooperation](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/schengen-information-system/sirene-cooperation_en) - [Success stories](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/schengen-information-system/success-stories_en) - [What is SIS and how does it work?](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/schengen-information-system/what-sis-and-how-does-it-work_en) - [See all](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/schengen-information-system_en) - Schengen area - [History of Schengen](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/schengen-area/history-schengen_en) - [Schengen Governance](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/schengen-area/schengen-governance_en) - [Temporary Reintroduction of Border Control](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/schengen-area/temporary-reintroduction-border-control_en) - [See all](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/schengen-area_en) - Smart Borders - [European Travel Information and Authorisation System (ETIAS)](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/smart-borders/european-travel-information-authorisation-system_en) - [Entry/Exit System (EES)](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/smart-borders/entry-exit-system_en) - [See all](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/smart-borders_en) - [Travel and residence documents](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/travel-and-residence-documents_en) - Visa Information System (VIS) - [Key documents and legislation on VIS](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/visa-information-system/key-documents-and-legislation-vis_en) - [See all](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/visa-information-system_en) - Visa policy - [Applying for a Schengen visa](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/visa-policy/applying-schengen-visa_en) - [Legal documents related to Schengen visas](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/visa-policy/legal-documents-related-schengen-visas_en) - [Short-stay visas issued by Schengen countries](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/visa-policy/short-stay-visas-issued-schengen-countries_en) - [See all](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/visa-policy_en) - [Discover more](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen_en) - Internal security Internal security The European Commission plays a key role in shaping and implementing the EU’s internal security policies, ensuring that security is integrated into EU legislation and policies. - Counter-terrorism and radicalisation - [Fight against the financing of terrorism](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/counter-terrorism-and-radicalisation/fight-against-financing-terrorism_en) - [Prevention of radicalisation](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/counter-terrorism-and-radicalisation/prevention-radicalisation_en) - [Protection](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/counter-terrorism-and-radicalisation/protection_en) - [See all](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/counter-terrorism-and-radicalisation_en) - Cybercrime - [E-evidence](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/cybercrime/e-evidence_en) - [International cooperation against cybercrime](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/cybercrime/international-cooperation-against-cybercrime_en) - [See all](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/cybercrime_en) - Innovation and security research - [Security Research Event](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/innovation-and-security-research/security-research-event_en) - [See all](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/innovation-and-security-research_en) - Law enforcement cooperation - [EMPACT fighting crime together](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/law-enforcement-cooperation/empact-fighting-crime-together_en) - [Cooperation with Europol](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/law-enforcement-cooperation/cooperation-europol_en) - [Cooperation with CEPOL](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/law-enforcement-cooperation/cooperation-cepol_en) - [Information exchange](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/law-enforcement-cooperation/information-exchange_en) - [Operational law enforcement cooperation](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/law-enforcement-cooperation/operational-law-enforcement-cooperation_en) - [Supporting action: funding, research and innovation](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/law-enforcement-cooperation/supporting-action-funding-research-and-innovation_en) - [Travel Information](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/law-enforcement-cooperation/travel-information_en) - [See all](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/law-enforcement-cooperation_en) - Lawful access to data - [Data retention](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/lawful-access-data/data-retention_en) - [Encryption](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/lawful-access-data/encryption_en) - [Projects for digital investigations](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/lawful-access-data/projects-digital-investigations_en) - [See all](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/lawful-access-data_en) - Organised crime - [Confiscation and asset recovery](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/organised-crime/confiscation-and-asset-recovery_en) - [Crime prevention](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/organised-crime/crime-prevention_en) - [Drugs policy](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/organised-crime/drugs-policy_en) - [Financial investigations](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/organised-crime/financial-investigations_en) - [Money laundering](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/organised-crime/money-laundering_en) - [Together Against Trafficking in Human Beings](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/organised-crime/together-against-trafficking-human-beings_en) - [Trafficking in cultural goods](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/organised-crime/trafficking-cultural-goods_en) - [Trafficking in firearms](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/organised-crime/trafficking-firearms_en) - [Counterfeiting](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/organised-crime/counterfeiting_en) - [See all](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/organised-crime_en) - Protecting children from sexual abuse - [Funding to support the fight against child sexual abuse](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/protecting-children-sexual-abuse/funding-support-fight-against-child-sexual-abuse_en) - [Cooperation against child sexual abuse](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/protecting-children-sexual-abuse/cooperation-against-child-sexual-abuse_en) - [EU versus Child Sexual Abuse](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/protecting-children-sexual-abuse/eu-versus-child-sexual-abuse_en) - [Legal framework to protect children](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/protecting-children-sexual-abuse/legal-framework-protect-children_en) - [What is the EU doing to protect children from sexual abuse?](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/protecting-children-sexual-abuse/what-eu-doing-protect-children-sexual-abuse_en) - [See all](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/protecting-children-sexual-abuse_en) - [Discover more](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security_en) - [Agencies](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/agencies_en) - Networks Networks The DG for Migration and Home Affairs organises and supports networks where members exchange views and information on policies, such as: child sexual abuse, radicalisation, drugs, protection of critical infrastructure and migration. - CERIS - Community for European Research and Innovation for Security - [About CERIS](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/ceris-community-european-research-and-innovation-security/about-ceris_en) - [CERIS in pictures](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/ceris-community-european-research-and-innovation-security/ceris-pictures_en) - [CERIS events](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/ceris-community-european-research-and-innovation-security/ceris-events_en) - [CERIS news](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/ceris-community-european-research-and-innovation-security/ceris-news_en) - [EU security market study](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/ceris-community-european-research-and-innovation-security/eu-security-market-study_en) - [Subscribe](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/ceris-community-european-research-and-innovation-security/subscribe_en) - [Thematic areas](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/ceris-community-european-research-and-innovation-security/thematic-areas_en) - [See all](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/ceris-community-european-research-and-innovation-security_en) - [European Migration Forum (EMF)](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/european-migration-forum-emf_en) - EU Knowledge Hub on Prevention of Radicalisation - [Calls for Applications](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation/calls-applications_en) - [Knowledge Transfer](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation/knowledge-transfer_en) - [Inspiring Practices Repository](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation/inspiring-practices-repository_en) - [Prev. Inspiring Practices Repository](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation/prev-inspiring-practices-repository_en) - [Thematic Panels](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation/thematic-panels_en) - [Welcome Package](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation/welcome-package_en) - [Expert Database](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation/expert-database_en) - [Media](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation/media_en) - [PCVE & Strategic Communications](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation/pcve-strategic-communications_en) - [The Root Causes of Violent Extremism - The Basics](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation/root-causes-violent-extremism-basics_en) - [Strategic Orientations on a coordinated EU approach to prevention of radicalisation](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation/strategic-orientations-coordinated-eu-approach-prevention-radicalisation_en) - [A Way Out From Violent Extremism](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation/way-out-violent-extremism_en) - [Establishing Common Standards ‒ Gender-specific approaches in practical P/CVE](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation/establishing-common-standards-gender-specific-approaches-practical-pcve_en) - [EU Security Union Strategy](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation/eu-security-union-strategy_en) - [About the EU Knowledge Hub on Prevention of Radicalisation](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation/about-eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation_en) - [Spotlight on Gender](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation/spotlight-gender_en) - [Guide for Teachers and Schools](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation/guide-teachers-and-schools_en) - [News](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation/news_en) - [Calendar](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation/calendar_en) - [See all](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation_en) - RAN Policy Support - [EC Research e-Library on Radicalisation](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/ran-policy-support/ec-research-e-library-radicalisation_en) - [See all](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/ran-policy-support_en) - European Migration Network (EMN) - [About the EMN](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/european-migration-network-emn/about-emn_en) - [EMN Asylum and Migration Glossary](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/european-migration-network-emn/emn-asylum-and-migration-glossary_en) - [EMN Events](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/european-migration-network-emn/emn-events_en) - [EMN Member and Observer Countries](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/european-migration-network-emn/emn-member-and-observer-countries_en) - 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[High-Level Group (HLG) on access to data for effective law enforcement](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/high-level-group-hlg-access-data-effective-law-enforcement_en) - [Civil Society Forum on Drugs (CSF)](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/civil-society-forum-drugs-csf_en) - RAN Practitioners (archived) - [About RAN](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/radicalisation-awareness-network-ran/about-ran_en) - [Civil Society Empowerment Programme (CSEP)](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/radicalisation-awareness-network-ran/civil-society-empowerment-programme_en) - [Collection of inspiring practices](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/radicalisation-awareness-network-ran/collection-inspiring-practices_en) - [Conferences and Webinars](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/radicalisation-awareness-network-ran/conferences-and-webinars_en) - [Publications](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/radicalisation-awareness-network-ran/ran-publications_en) - 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[HOME](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/index_en) 2. … 3. [Policies](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies_en) 4. [Schengen](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen_en) 5. Visa policy # Visa policy - 23 June 2025 Page contents Page contents - [What is EU visa policy?](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/visa-policy_en#what-is-eu-visa-policy) - [What are the main elements of EU visa policy?](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/visa-policy_en#what-are-the-main-elements-of-eu-visa-policy) - [Which countries' nationals need a visa to enter the Schengen area?](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/visa-policy_en#which-countries-nationals-need-a-visa-to-enter-the-schengen-area) ## What is EU visa policy? Under this key policy, all 29 countries in the [Schengen area](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen-borders-and-visa/schengen-area_en) apply the same visa rules. **Non-EU nationals** need a visa to enter the Schengen area for a visit of up to **90 days** in any **180-day period**. When someone enters a country in the Schengen area, the 180-day period starts. They can enter Schengen area countries as many times as they want, but only stay for a total of 90 days, every 180 days. A Schengen visa is generally valid for every country in the Schengen area. **Visas for stays exceeding 90 days are subject to national procedures**. *EU visa policy is monitored and implemented by the European Commission*. In January 2026, the European Commission adopted its first-ever [EU Visa Strategy](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/document/download/f873d151-f079-424b-9575-bece4113447c_en?filename=EU%20Visa%20Policy%20Strategy.pdf). It sets out a framework for a visa policy that is more strategic and that advances the EU's long-term interests, allowing it to be better equipped for growing mobility as well as the consequences of regional instability and geopolitical competition. ## What are the main elements of EU visa policy? Countries whose nationals require a visa For a list of these countries, see Annex I of [Regulation (EU) 2018/1806](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02018R1806-20251230). Individual Schengen countries can [grant visa-free access to certain categories of people](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/document/download/e3561580-9b1d-40cc-ae35-82b31817429b_en?filename=Information%20on%20national%20derogations%20from%20the%20visa%20requirement_en.xlsx) - for example diplomatic staff, armed forces, refugees and school pupils on an excursion. Countries whose nationals require a visa for airport transfers Nationals of [certain countries](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02009R0810-20200202&qid=1700746099626#tocId629) must have a visa - called an **airport transit visa** - even to simply transit through the international (non-Schengen) part of an EU airport. Schengen countries can also impose [individual airport transit requirements](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/document/download/7337515c-60a1-4510-b639-80de714f543e_en?filename=Annex%207b_en.pdf) on certain other countries. Countries whose nationals don't require a visa For a list of these countries, see Annex II of the [Regulation (EU) 2018/1806](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32018R1806). 27 of these countries have [visa waiver agreements](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/EN/legal-content/summary/visa-waiver-agreements.html) with the EU. The decision of whether to grant visa-free status to a non-EU country is based on a variety of criteria (migration, security, considerations of human rights, reciprocity, and economic benefit - in particular in terms of tourism and foreign trade). Visa-exempt travellers will need to fill out an online [ETIAS](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen-borders-and-visa/smart-borders/european-travel-information-authorisation-system_en) form and pay a small fee before being able to travel to the Schengen Area, six months after the full implementation of [Entry/Exit system (EES)](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/smart-borders/entry-exit-system_en). This form is designed to facilitate border control and security. It is not a visa, but is comparable to similar systems in the USA (ESTA), Canada (eTA), and Australia (eVisitor). Visa code The [EU visa code](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02009R0810-20200202) sets out the procedures and conditions for issuing **short-stay visas**. Operational instructions for applying the code are set out in: - [Handbook for processing visa applications](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/document/download/1d79f44d-49ba-4847-951e-129f924b1051_en?filename=Commission%20Implementing%20Decision%20C%282024%29%204319-annex_en.PDF) - [Handbook for managing visa processing](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/document/download/da7dfaa7-9a4e-493d-ac40-6c2f412bc94c_en?filename=c-2020-1764-commission-implementing-decision_en.pdf) The visa code also helps improve cooperation with non-EU countries on **readmissions of irregular migrants**, through the 'visa leverage mechanism'. Under this mechanism, if a country does not cooperate sufficiently on readmissions, **restrictive measures** can be imposed as regards processing visas and visa fees. Such measures have been adopted for nationals of The Gambia: - [Decision suspending visa-free access certain provisions of the Visa Code for Gambian nationals](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/AUTO/?uri=CELEX:32021D1781) - [Decision suspending certain provisions of the Visa Code for Ethiopian nationals](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/AUTO/?uri=CELEX:32024D1341) Visa facilitation agreements with non-EU countries The EU has [visa facilitation agreements](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen-borders-and-visa/visa-policy_en) in place with certain non-EU countries. Under the **simplified visa regime**, non-EU citizens enjoy facilitated procedures (such as lower visa fees) to obtain a visa for the Schengen area. | Country | Visa facilitation agreement | Entry into force | |---|---|---| | Albania | [Agreement between the European Community and the Republic of Albania on the facilitation of the issuance of visas](http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:22007A1219\(05\)&qid=1395933714988) | | However, visa facilitation agreements can be suspended if a countryno longer satisfies the conditions of the agreement. What then applies are the general rules of the EU visa code. Suspensions can be triggered by an EU country or by the European Commission. Currently, 2 agreements are suspended, those with: - [**Russia**](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/AUTO/?uri=CONSIL%3AST_12039_2022_INIT) (full suspension of facilitation agreement) - [**Belarus**](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2021/1940/oj) (partial suspension of facilitation agreement). Visa facilitation agreements are linked to [readmission agreements](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/irregular-migration-and-return/humane-and-effective-return-and-readmission-policy_en). Readmission agreements establish procedures for returning irregular migrants to the EU or non-EU country they came from (EU, non-EU nationals or stateless persons). EU countries may also individually negotiate agreements on [local border](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32006R1931R\(01\))traffic with neighbouring non-EU countries. These agreements enable border residents of specific areas to cross the EU's external borders, under certain conditions, without having to obtain a visa. Suspension of visa-free travel Article 8 of [Regulation (EU) 2018/1806](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32018R1806), as amended by [Regulation (EU) 2025/2441](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=OJ:L_202502441), sets out the EU’s **visa suspension mechanism**. It allows the temporary suspension of visa-free travel to the Schengen area for nationals of a third country when visa-free travel is abused or works against EU interests. The mechanism may be triggered by a Member State notification or by the Commission. Grounds include substantial increases in irregular migration, refused entries, unfounded asylum applications, lack of alignment with EU visa policy, operation of an investor citizenship scheme, or a deterioration in the Union's external relations with a third country listed in Annex II, including due to human rights violations. Suspension can initially last up to 12 months and may be extended for a further 24 months. During this period, the EU engages with the third country to address the issues and may apply the suspension in a targeted way, for example to government officials or diplomats. Currently the visa waiver agreement with [**Vanuatu**](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2022/2198/oj) has been suspended under the suspension mechanism. The European Commission has suspended visa-free travel for [Georgian](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=OJ:L_202600496) holders of diplomatic, service, and official passports, effective from March 6, 2026, until March 6, 2027. Since 2017, the Commission has been issuing annual reports on its usage of the mechanism. Visa reciprocity This is when nationals of Schengen area countries do not need a visa to visit countries whose nationals also do not need a visa to visit the Schengen area. The EU aims at achieving full visa reciprocity with non-EU countries whose nationals are exempt from the visa requirement. For that purpose, a visa reciprocity mechanism is set out in Regulation No 1806/2018 ([article 7](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2020-05/regulation-2018-1806.pdf)). To date, the EU has achieved visa **reciprocity with all visa-free third countries, except the United States**. Citizens of Bulgaria, Cyprus, and Romania still need a visa to visit the United States. Visa digitalisation The [Pact on Migration and Asylum](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/pact-migration-and-asylum_en) set the objective of making the visa procedure fully [digitalised](https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/qanda_22_2583) by 2025. This involves: - replacing the visa sticker with the option to apply through a European **online visa platform** - **simplifying** the visa application process - reducing the **costs** for governments and applicants. The requirements are set out in [Regulation 2023/2685](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/2685) and [Regulation 2023/2667](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/2667). After a transition period of 7 years, Schengen countries will all have to use the **EU's standard online platform for visa applications**: - applicants will carry out all steps in the process on the platform, except for providing biometrics (when required) - a digital visa will replace the visa sticker. ## Which countries' nationals need a visa to enter the Schengen area? [Skip map](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/visa-policy_en#skipMap_d73a8glrpg) Please use 2 fingers to navigate this map. Reset Zoom in Zoom out Fullscreen Print [Close](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/visa-policy_en#info_d73a8glrpg) [Webtools](https://webtools.europa.eu/documentation "A JS library of EU") + [© EC-GISCO](https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/gisco/overview "GISCO is responsible for meeting the European Commission's geographical information") + © EuroGeographics © UN-FAO for the administrative boundaries \| [Disclaimer](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/visa-policy_en#info_d73a8glrpg) [Back to previous map.](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/visa-policy_en#backMap_d73a8glrpg) ![Who must apply](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/styles/oe_theme_ratio_3_2_medium/public/2021-09/6336-2.jpg?itok=hpzZ-eul) [Applying for a Schengen visa](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/visa-policy/applying-schengen-visa_en) ![Key documents](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/styles/oe_theme_ratio_3_2_medium/public/2021-10/key%20documents.jpg?itok=uPK2lnVI) [Legal documents related to visa policy](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/visa-policy/legal-documents-related-schengen-visas_en) ![Statistics](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/styles/oe_theme_ratio_3_2_medium/public/2021-09/6338-6.jpg?itok=gqrcObiG) [Statistics on short-stay visas](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/visa-policy/short-stay-visas-issued-schengen-countries_en) ## News corner ![The visual shows the handing over of the Visa Liberalisation Action Plan (VLAP) to Armenian authorities in Yerevan, by European Commission Director, Johannes Luchner. ](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/styles/oe_theme_ratio_3_2_medium/public/2025-11/EU-Armenia%20visa%20liberalisation.jpg?h=b69e0e0e&itok=NTuarUDK) - News article - 5 November 2025 [Commission presents Action Plan on Visa Liberalisation with Armenia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/news/commission-presents-action-plan-visa-liberalisation-armenia-2025-11-05_en) - 1 min read ![The visual shows a passport, a VISA, and a stamp, against a blue background.](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/styles/oe_theme_ratio_3_2_medium/public/2024-05/Visa%20statistics%20news%20item.jpeg?h=9cbe1644&itok=OsnX-V1F) - News article - 15 May 2024 [Visa applications reach 10.3 million in EU- and Schengen Associated Countries](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/news/visa-applications-reach-103-million-eu-and-schengen-associated-countries-2024-05-15_en) - 2 min read ![Image displays Kosovo and EU flags, airplane, woman, luggage and world map.](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/styles/oe_theme_ratio_3_2_medium/public/2024-01/Visa%20free%20Kosovo.png?itok=KHHhsq3p) - News article - 3 January 2024 [Visa-free travel for Kosovo citizens to the EU](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/news/visa-free-travel-kosovo-citizens-eu-2024-01-03_en) - 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Readable Markdown

Under this key policy, all 29 countries in the [Schengen area](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen-borders-and-visa/schengen-area_en) apply the same visa rules. **Non-EU nationals** need a visa to enter the Schengen area for a visit of up to **90 days** in any **180-day period**. When someone enters a country in the Schengen area, the 180-day period starts. They can enter Schengen area countries as many times as they want, but only stay for a total of 90 days, every 180 days. A Schengen visa is generally valid for every country in the Schengen area. **Visas for stays exceeding 90 days are subject to national procedures**. *EU visa policy is monitored and implemented by the European Commission*. In January 2026, the European Commission adopted its first-ever [EU Visa Strategy](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/document/download/f873d151-f079-424b-9575-bece4113447c_en?filename=EU%20Visa%20Policy%20Strategy.pdf). It sets out a framework for a visa policy that is more strategic and that advances the EU's long-term interests, allowing it to be better equipped for growing mobility as well as the consequences of regional instability and geopolitical competition.

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Language

Author

null

Publish Time

2024-01-03 12:00:00 (2 years ago)

Original Publish Time

2024-01-03 12:00:00 (2 years ago)

Republished

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