🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 71 (from laksa177)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa071.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/visa-information-system_en\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/visa-information-system_en\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_en","crawl_time":1775548496,"first_indexed_time":0,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"eu,europa!ec,home-affairs,\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_en s443","src_root_hash":"8384339340669129071","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Visa Information System - Migration and Home Affairs - European Commission","meta_descriptions":["The Visa Information System (VIS) allows Schengen States in the EU to exchange visa data."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Technology can play a key role in improving and reinforcing external borders. Over the past years, the EU has been developing large-scale IT systems for collecting, processing and sharing information relevant to external border management. The Visa Information System, which supports the implementation of the common EU visa policy, is one of these tools.\nWhat is VIS?\nThe Visa Information System (VIS)\n(consolidated version)\nallows\nSchengen States\nto exchange visa data. It consists of a central IT system and of a communication infrastructure that links this central system to national systems. VIS connects consulates in non-EU countries and all external border crossing points of Schengen States. It processes data and decisions relating to applications for short-stay visas to visit, or to transit through, the Schengen Area. The system can perform biometric matching, primarily of fingerprints, for identification and verification purposes.\nWhat is the purpose of VIS?\nFacilitating checks and the issuance of visas\n: VIS enables border guards to verify that a person presenting a visa is its rightful holder and to identify persons found on the Schengen territory with no or fraudulent documents. Using biometric data to confirm a visa holder's identity allows for faster, more accurate and more secure checks. The system also facilitates the visa issuance process, particularly for frequent travellers.\nFighting abuses\n: While the very large majority of visa holders follow the rules, abuses can also take place. For instance, VIS will help in fighting and preventing fraudulent behaviours, such as \"visa shopping\" (i.e. the practice of making further visa applications to other EU States when a first application has been rejected).\nProtecting travellers\n: Biometric technology enables the detection of travellers using another person's travel documents and protects travellers from identity theft.\nHelping with asylum applications\n: VIS makes it easier to determine which EU State is responsible for examining an asylum application and to examine such applications.\nEnhancing security\n: VIS assists in preventing, detecting and investigating terrorist offences and other serious criminal offences.\nHow does it work in practice?\n10 fingerprints and a digital photograph are collected from persons applying for a visa. These biometric data, along with data provided in the visa application form, are recorded in a secure central database.\n10-digit finger scans are not required from children under the age of 12 or from people who physically cannot provide finger scans. Frequent travellers to the Schengen Area do not have to give new finger scans every time they apply for a new visa. Once finger scans are stored in VIS, they can be re-used for further visa applications over a 5-year period.\nAt the Schengen Area's external borders, the visa holder's finger scans may be compared against those held in the database. A mismatch does not mean that entry will automatically be refused - it will merely lead to further checks on the traveller’s identity.\nWhich countries use VIS and who operates it?\nAs a Schengen instrument, VIS applies to all Schengen States (Denmark has decided to implement it). The EU Agency for large-scale IT systems,\neu-LISA\n, is responsible for the operational management of VIS.\nWho can access VIS?\nCompetent visa authorities may consult the VIS for the purpose of examining applications and decisions related thereto.\nThe authorities responsible for carrying out checks at external borders and within the national territories have access to search the VIS for the purpose of verifying the identity of the person, the authenticity of the visa or whether the person meets the requirements for entering, staying in or residing within the national territories.\nAsylum authorities only have access to search the VIS for the purpose of determining the EU State responsible for the examination of an asylum application.\nIn specific cases, national authorities and Europol may request access to data entered into the VIS for the purposes of preventing, detecting and investigating terrorist and criminal offences.\nHow is my data in VIS protected?\nAccess to VIS data is limited to authorised staff in the performance of their tasks. They must ensure that the use of VIS data is limited to that which is necessary, appropriate and proportionate for carrying out their tasks.\nData is kept in the VIS for five years. This retention period starts from the expiry date of the issued visa, the date a negative decision is taken or the date a decision to modify an issued visa is taken. Any person has the right to be informed about his\/her data in the VIS. Any person may request that inaccurate data about him\/her is corrected and unlawfully recorded data is deleted.\nEach EU State must require a National Supervisory Authority to monitor the lawfulness of the processing of personal data by that country. The\nEuropean Data Protection Supervisor\nwill monitor the activities at European level.\nKey documents and legislation on Visa Information System (VIS)\nList\nof key documents and legislation on VIS.","attrs_markdown":"[Skip to main content](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_en#main-content)\n\nThis site uses cookies. Visit our [cookies policy page](https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/cookies-policy_en) or click the link in any footer for more information and to change your preferences.\n\n[Accept all cookies](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_en#accept) [Accept only essential cookies](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_en#refuse)\n\n![](https:\/\/webtools.europa.eu\/images\/flags\/eu.svg) An official website of the European Union An official EU website\n\nHow do you know?\n\nAll official European Union website addresses are in the **europa.eu** domain.\n\n[See all EU institutions and bodies](https:\/\/european-union.europa.eu\/institutions-law-budget\/institutions-and-bodies\/search-all-eu-institutions-and-bodies_en)\n\n[![European Commission logo](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/themes\/contrib\/oe_theme\/dist\/ec\/images\/logo\/logo-ec--mute.svg)](https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/index_en)\n\n[en](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_en)\n\nSelect your language\n\nClose\n\nEU official languages\n\n- [bgбългарски](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_bg)\n- [esespañol](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_es)\n- [csčeština](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_cs)\n- [dadansk](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_da)\n- [deDeutsch](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_de)\n- [eteesti](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_et)\n- [elελληνικά](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_el)\n- [enEnglish](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_en)\n- [frfrançais](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_fr)\n- [gaGaeilge](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_ga)\n- [hrhrvatski](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_hr)\n- [ititaliano](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_it)\n- [lvlatviešu](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_lv)\n- [ltlietuvių](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_lt)\n- [humagyar](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_hu)\n- [mtMalti](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_mt)\n- [nlNederlands](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_nl)\n- [plpolski](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_pl)\n- [ptportuguês](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_pt)\n- [roromână](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_ro)\n- [skslovenčina](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_sk)\n- [slslovenščina](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_sl)\n- [fisuomi](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_fi)\n- [svsvenska](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_sv)\n\nOther languages\n\n- [arالعربية](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_ar)\n- [ruрусский](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_ru)\n- [ukyкраїнська](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_uk)\n\n[Live, work, travel in the EU](https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/live-work-travel-eu_en)\n\nMigration and Home Affairs\n\nMenu\n\nBack\n\n- [Home](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/index_en)\n- Migration\n  Migration and asylum\n  \n  DG HOME aims to develop a common EU policy in the area of migration and asylum. These include: the Pact on Migration and Asylum, the Common European Asylum System, legal migration, integration, irregular migration and return.\n  \n  - Asylum in the EU\n    - [Determining the Member State responsible for an asylum application](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/asylum-eu\/determining-member-state-responsible-asylum-application_en)\n    - [Reception conditions](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/asylum-eu\/reception-conditions_en)\n    - [Temporary protection](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/asylum-eu\/temporary-protection_en)\n    - [Statistics](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/asylum-eu\/statistics_en)\n    - [Who qualifies for international protection](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/asylum-eu\/who-qualifies-international-protection_en)\n    - [See all](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/asylum-eu_en)\n  - EU Immigration Portal\n    - [Highly-qualified worker in Slovakia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/highly-qualified-worker-slovakia_en)\n    - [Highly-qualified worker in Slovenia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/highly-qualified-worker-slovenia_en)\n    - [Highly-qualified worker in Spain](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/highly-qualified-worker-spain_en)\n    - [Highly-qualified worker in Sweden](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/highly-qualified-worker-sweden_en)\n    - [International service provider in Austria](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/international-service-provider-austria_en)\n    - [International service provider in Slovakia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/international-service-provider-slovakia_en)\n    - [International service provider in Slovenia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/international-service-provider-slovenia_en)\n    - [International service provider in Spain](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/international-service-provider-spain_en)\n    - [International service provider in Sweden](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/international-service-provider-sweden_en)\n    - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Slovakia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-slovakia_en)\n    - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Slovenia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-slovenia_en)\n    - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Spain](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-spain_en)\n    - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Sweden](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-sweden_en)\n    - [Seasonal worker in Slovakia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/seasonal-worker-slovakia_en)\n    - [Seasonal worker in Slovenia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/seasonal-worker-slovenia_en)\n    - [Seasonal worker in Spain](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/seasonal-worker-spain_en)\n    - [Seasonal worker in Sweden](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/seasonal-worker-sweden_en)\n    - [Self-employed worker in Slovakia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/self-employed-worker-slovakia_en)\n    - [Self-employed worker in Slovenia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/self-employed-worker-slovenia_en)\n    - [Self-employed worker in Spain](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/self-employed-worker-spain_en)\n    - [Self-employed worker in Sweden](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/self-employed-worker-sweden_en)\n    - [Student in Slovakia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/student-slovakia_en)\n    - [Student in Slovenia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/student-slovenia_en)\n    - [Student in Spain](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/student-spain_en)\n    - [Trainee in Slovakia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/trainee-slovakia_en)\n    - [Trainee in Slovenia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/trainee-slovenia_en)\n    - [Trainee in Spain](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/trainee-spain_en)\n    - [Trainee in Sweden](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/trainee-sweden_en)\n    - [Volunteer in Slovakia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/volunteer-slovakia_en)\n    - [Volunteer in Slovenia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/volunteer-slovenia_en)\n    - [Volunteer in Spain](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/volunteer-spain_en)\n    - [Volunteer in Sweden](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/volunteer-sweden_en)\n    - [Employed worker in Slovakia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/employed-worker-slovakia_en)\n    - [Employed worker in Slovenia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/employed-worker-slovenia_en)\n    - [Employed worker in Sweden](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/employed-worker-sweden_en)\n    - [Employed worker in Spain](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/employed-worker-spain_en)\n    - [Family member in Slovakia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/family-member-slovakia_en)\n    - [Family member in Slovenia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/family-member-slovenia_en)\n    - [Student in Sweden](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/student-sweden_en)\n    - [Family member in Spain](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/family-member-spain_en)\n    - [Researcher in Slovakia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/researcher-slovakia_en)\n    - [Researcher in Slovenia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/researcher-slovenia_en)\n    - [Researcher in Spain](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/researcher-spain_en)\n    - [Employed worker in Belgium](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/employed-worker-belgium_en)\n    - [Employed worker in Austria](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/employed-worker-austria_en)\n    - [Employed worker in Bulgaria](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/employed-worker-bulgaria_en)\n    - [Employed worker in Croatia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/employed-worker-croatia_en)\n    - [Employed worker in Cyprus](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/employed-worker-cyprus_en)\n    - [Employed worker in Czechia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/employed-worker-czechia_en)\n    - [Employed worker in Denmark](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/employed-worker-denmark_en)\n    - [Employed worker in Estonia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/employed-worker-estonia_en)\n    - [Employed worker in Finland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/employed-worker-finland_en)\n    - [Employed worker in Germany](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/employed-worker-germany_en)\n    - [Employed worker in France](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/employed-worker-france_en)\n    - [Employed worker in Greece](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/employed-worker-greece_en)\n    - [Employed worker in Hungary](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/employed-worker-hungary_en)\n    - [Employed worker in Ireland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/employed-worker-ireland_en)\n    - [Employed worker in Italy](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/employed-worker-italy_en)\n    - [Employed worker in Latvia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/employed-worker-latvia_en)\n    - [Employed worker in Lithuania](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/employed-worker-lithuania_en)\n    - [Employed worker in Luxembourg](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/employed-worker-luxembourg_en)\n    - [Employed worker in Malta](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/employed-worker-malta_en)\n    - [Employed worker in Poland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/employed-worker-poland_en)\n    - [Researcher in Sweden](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/researcher-sweden_en)\n    - [Employed worker in Portugal](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/employed-worker-portugal_en)\n    - [Employed worker in Romania](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/employed-worker-romania_en)\n    - [Employed worker in the Netherlands](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/employed-worker-netherlands_en)\n    - [Family member in Belgium](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/family-member-belgium_en)\n    - [Family member in Austria](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/family-member-austria_en)\n    - [Family member in Bulgaria](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/family-member-bulgaria_en)\n    - [Family member in Croatia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/family-member-croatia_en)\n    - [Family member in Cyprus](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/family-member-cyprus_en)\n    - [Family member in Czechia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/family-member-czechia_en)\n    - [Family member in Denmark](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/family-member-denmark_en)\n    - [Family member in Estonia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/family-member-estonia_en)\n    - [Family member in Finland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/family-member-finland_en)\n    - [Family member in France](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/family-member-france_en)\n    - [Family member in Germany](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/family-member-germany_en)\n    - [Family member in Greece](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/family-member-greece_en)\n    - [Family member in Hungary](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/family-member-hungary_en)\n    - [Family member in Ireland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/family-member-ireland_en)\n    - [Family member in Italy](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/family-member-italy_en)\n    - [Family member in Latvia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/family-member-latvia_en)\n    - [Family member in Lithuania](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/family-member-lithuania_en)\n    - [Family member in Luxembourg](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/family-member-luxembourg_en)\n    - [Family member in Malta](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/family-member-malta_en)\n    - [Family member in Poland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/family-member-poland_en)\n    - [Family member in Portugal](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/family-member-portugal_en)\n    - [Family member in Sweden](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/family-member-sweden_en)\n    - [Family member in Romania](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/family-member-romania_en)\n    - [Family member in the Netherlands](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/family-member-netherlands_en)\n    - [Highly-qualified worker in Belgium](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/highly-qualified-worker-belgium_en)\n    - [Highly-qualified worker in Austria](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/highly-qualified-worker-austria_en)\n    - [Highly-qualified worker in Bulgaria](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/highly-qualified-worker-bulgaria_en)\n    - [Highly-qualified worker in Croatia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/highly-qualified-worker-croatia_en)\n    - [Highly-qualified worker in Cyprus](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/highly-qualified-worker-cyprus_en)\n    - [Highly-qualified worker in Czechia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/highly-qualified-worker-czechia_en)\n    - [Highly-qualified worker in Denmark](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/highly-qualified-worker-denmark_en)\n    - [Highly-qualified worker in Estonia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/highly-qualified-worker-estonia_en)\n    - [Highly-qualified worker in Finland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/highly-qualified-worker-finland_en)\n    - [Highly-qualified worker in Germany](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/highly-qualified-worker-germany_en)\n    - [Highly-qualified worker in France](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/highly-qualified-worker-france_en)\n    - [Highly-qualified worker in Greece](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/highly-qualified-worker-greece_en)\n    - [Highly-qualified worker in Hungary](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/highly-qualified-worker-hungary_en)\n    - [Highly-qualified worker in Ireland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/highly-qualified-worker-ireland_en)\n    - [Highly-qualified worker in Italy](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/highly-qualified-worker-italy_en)\n    - [Highly-qualified worker in Latvia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/highly-qualified-worker-latvia_en)\n    - [Highly-qualified worker in Lithuania](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/highly-qualified-worker-lithuania_en)\n    - [Highly-qualified worker in Luxembourg](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/highly-qualified-worker-luxembourg_en)\n    - [Highly-qualified worker in Malta](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/highly-qualified-worker-malta_en)\n    - [Highly-qualified worker in Poland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/highly-qualified-worker-poland_en)\n    - [Highly-qualified worker in Portugal](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/highly-qualified-worker-portugal_en)\n    - [Highly-qualified worker in Romania](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/highly-qualified-worker-romania_en)\n    - [Highly-qualified worker in the Netherlands](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/highly-qualified-worker-netherlands_en)\n    - [International service provider in Belgium](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/international-service-provider-belgium_en)\n    - [International service provider in Bulgaria](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/international-service-provider-bulgaria_en)\n    - [International service provider in Croatia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/international-service-provider-croatia_en)\n    - [International service provider in Cyprus](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/international-service-provider-cyprus_en)\n    - [International service provider in Czechia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/international-service-provider-czechia_en)\n    - [International service provider in Denmark](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/international-service-provider-denmark_en)\n    - [International service provider in Estonia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/international-service-provider-estonia_en)\n    - [International service provider in Finland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/international-service-provider-finland_en)\n    - [International service provider in France](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/international-service-provider-france_en)\n    - [International service provider in Germany](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/international-service-provider-germany_en)\n    - [International service provider in Greece](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/international-service-provider-greece_en)\n    - [International service provider in Hungary](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/international-service-provider-hungary_en)\n    - [International service provider in Ireland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/international-service-provider-ireland_en)\n    - [International service provider in Italy](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/international-service-provider-italy_en)\n    - [International service provider in Latvia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/international-service-provider-latvia_en)\n    - [International service provider in Lithuania](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/international-service-provider-lithuania_en)\n    - [International service provider in Luxembourg](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/international-service-provider-luxembourg_en)\n    - [International service provider in Malta](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/international-service-provider-malta_en)\n    - [International service provider in Poland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/international-service-provider-poland_en)\n    - [International service provider in Portugal](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/international-service-provider-portugal_en)\n    - [International service provider in Romania](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/international-service-provider-romania_en)\n    - [International service provider in the Netherlands](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/international-service-provider-netherlands_en)\n    - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Belgium](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-belgium_en)\n    - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Austria](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-austria_en)\n    - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Bulgaria](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-bulgaria_en)\n    - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Croatia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-croatia_en)\n    - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Cyprus](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-cyprus_en)\n    - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Czechia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-czechia_en)\n    - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Denmark](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-denmark_en)\n    - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Estonia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-estonia_en)\n    - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Finland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-finland_en)\n    - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in France](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-france_en)\n    - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Germany](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-germany_en)\n    - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Greece](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-greece_en)\n    - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Hungary](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-hungary_en)\n    - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Ireland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-ireland_en)\n    - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Italy](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-italy_en)\n    - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Latvia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-latvia_en)\n    - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Lithuania](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-lithuania_en)\n    - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Luxembourg](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-luxembourg_en)\n    - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Malta](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-malta_en)\n    - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Poland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-poland_en)\n    - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Portugal](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-portugal_en)\n    - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Romania](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-romania_en)\n    - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in the Netherlands](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-netherlands_en)\n    - [Researcher in Belgium](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/researcher-belgium_en)\n    - [Researcher in Austria](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/researcher-austria_en)\n    - [Researcher in Bulgaria](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/researcher-bulgaria_en)\n    - [Researcher in Croatia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/researcher-croatia_en)\n    - [Researcher in Cyprus](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/researcher-cyprus_en)\n    - [Researcher in Czechia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/researcher-czechia_en)\n    - [Researcher in Denmark](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/researcher-denmark_en)\n    - [Researcher in Estonia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/researcher-estonia_en)\n    - [Researcher in Finland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/researcher-finland_en)\n    - [Researcher in France](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/researcher-france_en)\n    - [Researcher in Germany](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/researcher-germany_en)\n    - [Researcher in Hungary](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/researcher-hungary_en)\n    - [Researcher in Ireland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/researcher-ireland_en)\n    - [Researcher in Italy](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/researcher-italy_en)\n    - [Researcher in Latvia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/researcher-latvia_en)\n    - [Researcher in Lithuania](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/researcher-lithuania_en)\n    - [Researcher in Luxembourg](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/researcher-luxembourg_en)\n    - [Researcher in Malta](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/researcher-malta_en)\n    - [Researcher in Poland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/researcher-poland_en)\n    - [Researcher in Portugal](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/researcher-portugal_en)\n    - [Researcher in Romania](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/researcher-romania_en)\n    - [Researcher in the Netherlands](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/researcher-netherlands_en)\n    - [Seasonal worker in Belgium](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/seasonal-worker-belgium_en)\n    - [Seasonal worker in Austria](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/seasonal-worker-austria_en)\n    - [Seasonal worker in Bulgaria](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/seasonal-worker-bulgaria_en)\n    - [Seasonal worker in Croatia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/seasonal-worker-croatia_en)\n    - [Seasonal worker in Cyprus](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/seasonal-worker-cyprus_en)\n    - [Seasonal worker in Czechia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/seasonal-worker-czechia_en)\n    - [Seasonal worker in Denmark](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/seasonal-worker-denmark_en)\n    - [Seasonal worker in Estonia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/seasonal-worker-estonia_en)\n    - [Seasonal worker in Finland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/seasonal-worker-finland_en)\n    - [Seasonal worker in France](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/seasonal-worker-france_en)\n    - [Seasonal worker in Germany](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/seasonal-worker-germany_en)\n    - [Seasonal worker in Greece](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/seasonal-worker-greece_en)\n    - [Seasonal worker in Hungary](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/seasonal-worker-hungary_en)\n    - [Seasonal worker in Ireland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/seasonal-worker-ireland_en)\n    - [Seasonal worker in Italy](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/seasonal-worker-italy_en)\n    - [Seasonal worker in Latvia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/seasonal-worker-latvia_en)\n    - [Seasonal worker in Lithuania](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/seasonal-worker-lithuania_en)\n    - [Seasonal worker in Luxembourg](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/seasonal-worker-luxembourg_en)\n    - [Seasonal worker in Malta](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/seasonal-worker-malta_en)\n    - [Seasonal worker in Poland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/seasonal-worker-poland_en)\n    - [Seasonal worker in Portugal](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/seasonal-worker-portugal_en)\n    - [Seasonal worker in Romania](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/seasonal-worker-romania_en)\n    - [Seasonal worker in the Netherlands](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/seasonal-worker-netherlands_en)\n    - [Self-employed worker in Estonia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/self-employed-worker-estonia_en)\n    - [Self-employed worker in Finland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/self-employed-worker-finland_en)\n    - [Self-employed worker in France](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/self-employed-worker-france_en)\n    - [Self-employed worker in Germany](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/self-employed-worker-germany_en)\n    - [Self-employed worker in Greece](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/self-employed-worker-greece_en)\n    - [Self-employed worker in Hungary](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/self-employed-worker-hungary_en)\n    - [Self-employed worker in Ireland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/self-employed-worker-ireland_en)\n    - [Self-employed worker in Italy](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/self-employed-worker-italy_en)\n    - [Self-employed worker in Latvia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/self-employed-worker-latvia_en)\n    - [Self-employed worker in Lithuania](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/self-employed-worker-lithuania_en)\n    - [Self-employed worker in Luxembourg](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/self-employed-worker-luxembourg_en)\n    - [Self-employed worker in Malta](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/self-employed-worker-malta_en)\n    - [Self-employed worker in Poland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/self-employed-worker-poland_en)\n    - [Self-employed worker in Portugal](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/self-employed-worker-portugal_en)\n    - [Self-employed worker in Romania](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/self-employed-worker-romania_en)\n    - [Self-employed worker in the Netherlands](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/self-employed-worker-netherlands_en)\n    - [Self-employed worker in Belgium](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/self-employed-worker-belgium_en)\n    - [Self-employed worker in Austria](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/self-employed-worker-austria_en)\n    - [Self-employed worker in Bulgaria](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/self-employed-worker-bulgaria_en)\n    - [Self-employed worker in Croatia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/self-employed-worker-croatia_en)\n    - [Self-employed worker in Cyprus](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/self-employed-worker-cyprus_en)\n    - [Self-employed worker in Czechia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/self-employed-worker-czechia_en)\n    - [Self-employed worker in Denmark](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/self-employed-worker-denmark_en)\n    - [Student in Belgium](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/student-belgium_en)\n    - [Student in Austria](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/student-austria_en)\n    - [Student in Bulgaria](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/student-bulgaria_en)\n    - [Student in Croatia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/student-croatia_en)\n    - [Student in Cyprus](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/student-cyprus_en)\n    - [Student in Czechia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/student-czechia_en)\n    - [Student in Denmark](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/student-denmark_en)\n    - [Student in Estonia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/student-estonia_en)\n    - [Student in Finland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/student-finland_en)\n    - [Student in France](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/student-france_en)\n    - [Student in Germany](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/student-germany_en)\n    - [Researcher in Greece](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/researcher-greece_en)\n    - [Student in Greece](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/student-greece_en)\n    - [Student in Hungary](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/student-hungary_en)\n    - [Student in Ireland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/student-ireland_en)\n    - [Student in Italy](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/student-italy_en)\n    - [Student in Latvia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/student-latvia_en)\n    - [Student in Lithuania](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/student-lithuania_en)\n    - [Student in Luxembourg](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/student-luxembourg_en)\n    - [Student in Malta](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/student-malta_en)\n    - [Student in Poland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/student-poland_en)\n    - [Student in Portugal](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/student-portugal_en)\n    - [Student in Romania](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/student-romania_en)\n    - [Student in the Netherlands](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/student-netherlands_en)\n    - [Trainee in Belgium](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/trainee-belgium_en)\n    - [Trainee in Austria](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/trainee-austria_en)\n    - [Trainee in Bulgaria](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/trainee-bulgaria_en)\n    - [Trainee in Croatia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/trainee-croatia_en)\n    - [Trainee in Cyprus](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/trainee-cyprus_en)\n    - [Trainee in Czechia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/trainee-czechia_en)\n    - [Trainee in Denmark](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/trainee-denmark_en)\n    - [Trainee in Estonia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/trainee-estonia_en)\n    - [Trainee in Finland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/trainee-finland_en)\n    - [Trainee in France](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/trainee-france_en)\n    - [Trainee in Germany](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/trainee-germany_en)\n    - [Trainee in Greece](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/trainee-greece_en)\n    - [Trainee in Hungary](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/trainee-hungary_en)\n    - [Trainee in Ireland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/trainee-ireland_en)\n    - [Trainee in Italy](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/trainee-italy_en)\n    - [Trainee in Latvia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/trainee-latvia_en)\n    - [Trainee in Lithuania](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/trainee-lithuania_en)\n    - [Trainee in Luxembourg](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/trainee-luxembourg_en)\n    - [Trainee in Malta](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/trainee-malta_en)\n    - [Trainee in Poland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/trainee-poland_en)\n    - [Trainee in Portugal](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/trainee-portugal_en)\n    - [Trainee in Romania](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/trainee-romania_en)\n    - [Trainee in the Netherlands](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/trainee-netherlands_en)\n    - [Volunteer in Belgium](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/volunteer-belgium_en)\n    - [Volunteer in Austria](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/volunteer-austria_en)\n    - [Volunteer in Bulgaria](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/volunteer-bulgaria_en)\n    - [Volunteer in Croatia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/volunteer-croatia_en)\n    - [Volunteer in Cyprus](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/volunteer-cyprus_en)\n    - [Volunteer in Czechia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/volunteer-czechia_en)\n    - [Volunteer in Denmark](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/volunteer-denmark_en)\n    - [Volunteer in Estonia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/volunteer-estonia_en)\n    - [Volunteer in Finland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/volunteer-finland_en)\n    - [Volunteer in France](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/volunteer-france_en)\n    - [Volunteer in Germany](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/volunteer-germany_en)\n    - [Volunteer in Greece](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/volunteer-greece_en)\n    - [Volunteer in Hungary](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/volunteer-hungary_en)\n    - [Volunteer in Ireland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/volunteer-ireland_en)\n    - [Volunteer in Italy](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/volunteer-italy_en)\n    - [Volunteer in Latvia](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/volunteer-latvia_en)\n    - [Volunteer in Lithuania](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/volunteer-lithuania_en)\n    - [Volunteer in Luxembourg](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/volunteer-luxembourg_en)\n    - [Volunteer in Malta](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/volunteer-malta_en)\n    - [Volunteer in Poland](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/volunteer-poland_en)\n    - [Volunteer in Portugal](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/volunteer-portugal_en)\n    - [Volunteer in Romania](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/volunteer-romania_en)\n    - [Volunteer in the Netherlands](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/volunteer-netherlands_en)\n    - [Who does what?](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/who-does-what_en)\n    - [What category do I fit into?](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/what-category-do-i-fit_en)\n    - [Already in the EU?](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/already-eu_en)\n    - [What should I avoid?](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/what-should-i-avoid_en)\n    - [EU Blue Card](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal\/eu-blue-card_en)\n    - [See all](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/eu-immigration-portal_en)\n  - Irregular migration and return\n    - [An effective, firm and fair EU return and readmission policy](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/irregular-migration-and-return\/effective-firm-and-fair-eu-return-and-readmission-policy_en)\n    - [International Conference on a Global Alliance to Counter Migrant Smuggling](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/irregular-migration-and-return\/international-conference-global-alliance-counter-migrant-smuggling_en)\n    - [Migrant smuggling](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/irregular-migration-and-return\/migrant-smuggling_en)\n    - [The EU Return Coordinator](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/irregular-migration-and-return\/eu-return-coordinator_en)\n    - [2025 International Conference of the Global Alliance to Counter Migrant Smuggling](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/irregular-migration-and-return\/2025-international-conference-global-alliance-counter-migrant-smuggling_en)\n    - [See all](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/irregular-migration-and-return_en)\n  - Legal migration and resettlement\n    - [European Migration Forum (EMF)](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/european-migration-forum-emf_en)\n    - [Legal migration fitness check](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/legal-migration-and-resettlement\/legal-migration-fitness-check_en)\n    - [Long-term residents](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/legal-migration-and-resettlement\/long-term-residents_en)\n    - [Resettlement and humanitarian admission](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/legal-migration-and-resettlement\/resettlement-and-humanitarian-admission_en)\n    - [Study and research](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/legal-migration-and-resettlement\/study-and-research_en)\n    - [Family reunification with non-EU nationals](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/legal-migration-and-resettlement\/family-reunification-non-eu-nationals_en)\n    - [Talent Partnerships](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/legal-migration-and-resettlement\/talent-partnerships_en)\n    - [Work](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/legal-migration-and-resettlement\/work_en)\n    - [See all](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/legal-migration-and-resettlement_en)\n  - Migrant integration\n    - [Migrant integration hub](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/migrant-integration\/migrant-integration-hub_en)\n    - [EU integration policy](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/migrant-integration\/eu-integration-policy_en)\n    - [EU long-term residence](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/migrant-integration\/eu-long-term-residence_en)\n    - [See all](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/migrant-integration_en)\n  - Migration management\n    - [Migration Management in Italy](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/migration-management\/migration-management-italy_en)\n    - [Migration Management in Spain](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/migration-management\/migration-management-spain_en)\n    - [Migration management in Cyprus](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/migration-management\/migration-management-cyprus_en)\n    - [Migration management: Welcoming displaced people from Ukraine](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/migration-management\/migration-management-welcoming-displaced-people-ukraine_en)\n    - [Relocation: EU solidarity in practice](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/migration-management\/relocation-eu-solidarity-practice_en)\n    - [Search and rescue](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/migration-management\/search-and-rescue_en)\n    - [Task Force Migration Management](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/migration-management\/task-force-migration-management_en)\n    - [Migration management in Greece](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/migration-management\/migration-management-greece_en)\n    - [See all](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/migration-management_en)\n  - Pact on Migration and Asylum\n    - [First Annual Migration Management Cycle](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/pact-migration-and-asylum\/first-annual-migration-management-cycle_en)\n    - [Legislative files in a nutshell](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/pact-migration-and-asylum\/legislative-files-nutshell_en)\n    - [Implementing the Pact on Migration and Asylum](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/pact-migration-and-asylum\/implementing-pact-migration-and-asylum_en)\n    - [Questions and answers on the Pact on Migration and Asylum](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/pact-migration-and-asylum\/questions-and-answers-pact-migration-and-asylum_en)\n    - [See all](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/pact-migration-and-asylum_en)\n  - [Statistics on migration to Europe](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum\/statistics-migration-europe_en)\n  - [Discover more](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/migration-and-asylum_en)\n- Schengen\n  Schengen\n  \n  Schengen guarantees free movement to more than 450 million EU citizens, along with non-EU nationals living in the EU or visiting the EU as tourists, exchange students or for business purposes, anyone legally present in the EU.\n  \n  - Border crossing\n    - [Short-stay calculator](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/border-crossing\/short-stay-calculator_en)\n    - [See all](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/border-crossing_en)\n  - [Eurosur](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/eurosur_en)\n  - [Effective management of external borders](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/effective-management-external-borders_en)\n  - [Interoperability](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/interoperability_en)\n  - Schengen Information System\n    - [Access rights and data protection](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/schengen-information-system\/access-rights-and-data-protection_en)\n    - [Alerts and data in SIS](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/schengen-information-system\/alerts-and-data-sis_en)\n    - [Questions and answers](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/schengen-information-system\/questions-and-answers_en)\n    - [SIRENE cooperation](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/schengen-information-system\/sirene-cooperation_en)\n    - [Success stories](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/schengen-information-system\/success-stories_en)\n    - [What is SIS and how does it work?](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/schengen-information-system\/what-sis-and-how-does-it-work_en)\n    - [See all](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/schengen-information-system_en)\n  - Schengen area\n    - [History of Schengen](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/schengen-area\/history-schengen_en)\n    - [Schengen Governance](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/schengen-area\/schengen-governance_en)\n    - [Temporary Reintroduction of Border Control](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/schengen-area\/temporary-reintroduction-border-control_en)\n    - [See all](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/schengen-area_en)\n  - Smart Borders\n    - [European Travel Information and Authorisation System (ETIAS)](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/smart-borders\/european-travel-information-authorisation-system_en)\n    - [Entry\/Exit System (EES)](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/smart-borders\/entry-exit-system_en)\n    - [See all](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/smart-borders_en)\n  - [Travel and residence documents](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/travel-and-residence-documents_en)\n  - Visa Information System (VIS)\n    - [Key documents and legislation on VIS](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system\/key-documents-and-legislation-vis_en)\n    - [See all](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_en)\n  - Visa policy\n    - [Applying for a Schengen visa](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-policy\/applying-schengen-visa_en)\n    - [Legal documents related to Schengen visas](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-policy\/legal-documents-related-schengen-visas_en)\n    - [Short-stay visas issued by Schengen countries](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-policy\/short-stay-visas-issued-schengen-countries_en)\n    - [See all](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-policy_en)\n  - [Discover more](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen_en)\n- Internal security\n  Internal security\n  \n  The European Commission plays a key role in shaping and implementing the EU’s internal security policies, ensuring that security is integrated into EU legislation and policies.\n  \n  - Counter-terrorism and radicalisation\n    - [Fight against the financing of terrorism](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/counter-terrorism-and-radicalisation\/fight-against-financing-terrorism_en)\n    - [Prevention of radicalisation](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/counter-terrorism-and-radicalisation\/prevention-radicalisation_en)\n    - [Protection](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/counter-terrorism-and-radicalisation\/protection_en)\n    - [See all](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/counter-terrorism-and-radicalisation_en)\n  - Cybercrime\n    - [E-evidence](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/cybercrime\/e-evidence_en)\n    - [International cooperation against cybercrime](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/cybercrime\/international-cooperation-against-cybercrime_en)\n    - [See all](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/cybercrime_en)\n  - Innovation and security research\n    - [Security Research Event](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/innovation-and-security-research\/security-research-event_en)\n    - [See all](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/innovation-and-security-research_en)\n  - Law enforcement cooperation\n    - [EMPACT fighting crime together](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/law-enforcement-cooperation\/empact-fighting-crime-together_en)\n    - [Cooperation with Europol](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/law-enforcement-cooperation\/cooperation-europol_en)\n    - [Cooperation with CEPOL](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/law-enforcement-cooperation\/cooperation-cepol_en)\n    - [Information exchange](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/law-enforcement-cooperation\/information-exchange_en)\n    - [Operational law enforcement cooperation](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/law-enforcement-cooperation\/operational-law-enforcement-cooperation_en)\n    - [Supporting action: funding, research and innovation](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/law-enforcement-cooperation\/supporting-action-funding-research-and-innovation_en)\n    - [Travel Information](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/law-enforcement-cooperation\/travel-information_en)\n    - [See all](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/law-enforcement-cooperation_en)\n  - Lawful access to data\n    - [Data retention](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/lawful-access-data\/data-retention_en)\n    - [Encryption](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/lawful-access-data\/encryption_en)\n    - [Projects for digital investigations](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/lawful-access-data\/projects-digital-investigations_en)\n    - [See all](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/lawful-access-data_en)\n  - Organised crime\n    - [Confiscation and asset recovery](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/organised-crime\/confiscation-and-asset-recovery_en)\n    - [Crime prevention](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/organised-crime\/crime-prevention_en)\n    - [Drugs policy](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/organised-crime\/drugs-policy_en)\n    - [Financial investigations](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/organised-crime\/financial-investigations_en)\n    - [Money laundering](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/organised-crime\/money-laundering_en)\n    - [Together Against Trafficking in Human Beings](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/organised-crime\/together-against-trafficking-human-beings_en)\n    - [Trafficking in cultural goods](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/organised-crime\/trafficking-cultural-goods_en)\n    - [Trafficking in firearms](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/organised-crime\/trafficking-firearms_en)\n    - [Counterfeiting](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/organised-crime\/counterfeiting_en)\n    - [See all](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/organised-crime_en)\n  - Protecting children from sexual abuse\n    - [Funding to support the fight against child sexual abuse](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/protecting-children-sexual-abuse\/funding-support-fight-against-child-sexual-abuse_en)\n    - [Cooperation against child sexual abuse](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/protecting-children-sexual-abuse\/cooperation-against-child-sexual-abuse_en)\n    - [EU versus Child Sexual Abuse](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/protecting-children-sexual-abuse\/eu-versus-child-sexual-abuse_en)\n    - [Legal framework to protect children](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/protecting-children-sexual-abuse\/legal-framework-protect-children_en)\n    - [What is the EU doing to protect children from sexual abuse?](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/protecting-children-sexual-abuse\/what-eu-doing-protect-children-sexual-abuse_en)\n    - [See all](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security\/protecting-children-sexual-abuse_en)\n  - [Discover more](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/internal-security_en)\n- [Agencies](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/agencies_en)\n- Networks\n  Networks\n  \n  The DG for Migration and Home Affairs organises and supports networks where members exchange views and information on policies, such as: child sexual abuse, radicalisation, drugs, protection of critical infrastructure and migration.\n  \n  - CERIS - Community for European Research and Innovation for Security\n    - [About CERIS](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/ceris-community-european-research-and-innovation-security\/about-ceris_en)\n    - [CERIS in pictures](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/ceris-community-european-research-and-innovation-security\/ceris-pictures_en)\n    - [CERIS events](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/ceris-community-european-research-and-innovation-security\/ceris-events_en)\n    - [CERIS news](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/ceris-community-european-research-and-innovation-security\/ceris-news_en)\n    - [EU security market study](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/ceris-community-european-research-and-innovation-security\/eu-security-market-study_en)\n    - [Subscribe](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/ceris-community-european-research-and-innovation-security\/subscribe_en)\n    - [Thematic areas](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/ceris-community-european-research-and-innovation-security\/thematic-areas_en)\n    - [See all](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/ceris-community-european-research-and-innovation-security_en)\n  - [European Migration Forum (EMF)](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/european-migration-forum-emf_en)\n  - EU Knowledge Hub on Prevention of Radicalisation\n    - [Calls for Applications](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation\/calls-applications_en)\n    - [Knowledge Transfer](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation\/knowledge-transfer_en)\n    - [Inspiring Practices Repository](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation\/inspiring-practices-repository_en)\n    - [Prev. Inspiring Practices Repository](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation\/prev-inspiring-practices-repository_en)\n    - [Thematic Panels](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation\/thematic-panels_en)\n    - [Welcome Package](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation\/welcome-package_en)\n    - [Expert Database](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation\/expert-database_en)\n    - [Media](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation\/media_en)\n    - [PCVE & Strategic Communications](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation\/pcve-strategic-communications_en)\n    - [The Root Causes of Violent Extremism - The Basics](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation\/root-causes-violent-extremism-basics_en)\n    - [Strategic Orientations on a coordinated EU approach to prevention of radicalisation](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation\/strategic-orientations-coordinated-eu-approach-prevention-radicalisation_en)\n    - [A Way Out From Violent Extremism](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation\/way-out-violent-extremism_en)\n    - [Establishing Common Standards ‒ Gender-specific approaches in practical P\/CVE](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation\/establishing-common-standards-gender-specific-approaches-practical-pcve_en)\n    - [EU Security Union Strategy](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation\/eu-security-union-strategy_en)\n    - [About the EU Knowledge Hub on Prevention of Radicalisation](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation\/about-eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation_en)\n    - [Spotlight on Gender](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation\/spotlight-gender_en)\n    - [Guide for Teachers and Schools](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation\/guide-teachers-and-schools_en)\n    - [News](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation\/news_en)\n    - [Calendar](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation\/calendar_en)\n    - [See all](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation_en)\n  - RAN Policy Support\n    - [EC Research e-Library on Radicalisation](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/ran-policy-support\/ec-research-e-library-radicalisation_en)\n    - [See all](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/ran-policy-support_en)\n  - European Migration Network (EMN)\n    - [About the EMN](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/european-migration-network-emn\/about-emn_en)\n    - [EMN Asylum and Migration Glossary](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/european-migration-network-emn\/emn-asylum-and-migration-glossary_en)\n    - [EMN Events](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/european-migration-network-emn\/emn-events_en)\n    - [EMN Member and Observer Countries](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/european-migration-network-emn\/emn-member-and-observer-countries_en)\n    - [EMN partners](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/european-migration-network-emn\/emn-partners_en)\n    - [EMN publications](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/european-migration-network-emn\/emn-publications_en)\n    - [EMNews](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/european-migration-network-emn\/emnews_en)\n    - [Expert groups](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/european-migration-network-emn\/expert-groups_en)\n    - [See all](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/european-migration-network-emn_en)\n  - [European Union Internet Forum](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/european-union-internet-forum_en)\n  - [Labour Migration Platform](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/labour-migration-platform_en)\n  - [Law Enforcement Networks Working Group (LENWG)](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/law-enforcement-networks-working-group-lenwg_en)\n  - [Network for the Prevention of Child Sexual Abuse](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/network-prevention-child-sexual-abuse_en)\n  - [High-Level Group (HLG) on access to data for effective law enforcement](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/high-level-group-hlg-access-data-effective-law-enforcement_en)\n  - [Civil Society Forum on Drugs (CSF)](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/civil-society-forum-drugs-csf_en)\n  - RAN Practitioners (archived)\n    - [About RAN](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/radicalisation-awareness-network-ran\/about-ran_en)\n    - [Civil Society Empowerment Programme (CSEP)](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/networks\/radicalisation-awareness-network-ran\/civil-society-empowerment-programme_en)\n    - 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[Asylum, Migration and Integration fund (2014-2020)](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/funding\/asylum-migration-and-integration-funds\/asylum-migration-and-integration-fund-2014-2020_en)\n    - [European Migration Network (EMN)](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/funding\/asylum-migration-and-integration-funds\/european-migration-network-emn_en)\n    - [See all](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/funding\/asylum-migration-and-integration-funds_en)\n  - Borders and visa funds\n    - [Integrated Border Management Fund – Border Management and Visa Instrument (2021-27)](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/funding\/borders-and-visa-funds\/integrated-border-management-fund-border-management-and-visa-instrument-2021-27_en)\n    - [Internal Security Fund - Borders and visa (2014-2020)](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/funding\/borders-and-visa-funds\/internal-security-fund-borders-and-visa-2014-2020_en)\n    - [See all](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/funding\/borders-and-visa-funds_en)\n  - 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[HOME](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/index_en)\n2. …\n3. [Policies](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies_en)\n4. [Schengen](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen_en)\n5. Visa Information System (VIS)\n# Visa Information System (VIS)\n\nTechnology can play a key role in improving and reinforcing external borders. Over the past years, the EU has been developing large-scale IT systems for collecting, processing and sharing information relevant to external border management. The Visa Information System, which supports the implementation of the common EU visa policy, is one of these tools.\n\n## What is VIS?\nThe Visa Information System (VIS) [(consolidated version)](https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:02008R0767-20190611) allows [Schengen States](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/schengen-area_en) to exchange visa data. It consists of a central IT system and of a communication infrastructure that links this central system to national systems. VIS connects consulates in non-EU countries and all external border crossing points of Schengen States. It processes data and decisions relating to applications for short-stay visas to visit, or to transit through, the Schengen Area. The system can perform biometric matching, primarily of fingerprints, for identification and verification purposes.\n\n## What is the purpose of VIS?\n**Facilitating checks and the issuance of visas**: VIS enables border guards to verify that a person presenting a visa is its rightful holder and to identify persons found on the Schengen territory with no or fraudulent documents. Using biometric data to confirm a visa holder's identity allows for faster, more accurate and more secure checks. The system also facilitates the visa issuance process, particularly for frequent travellers.\n\n**Fighting abuses**: While the very large majority of visa holders follow the rules, abuses can also take place. For instance, VIS will help in fighting and preventing fraudulent behaviours, such as \"visa shopping\" (i.e. the practice of making further visa applications to other EU States when a first application has been rejected).\n\n**Protecting travellers**: Biometric technology enables the detection of travellers using another person's travel documents and protects travellers from identity theft.\n\n**Helping with asylum applications**: VIS makes it easier to determine which EU State is responsible for examining an asylum application and to examine such applications.\n\n**Enhancing security**: VIS assists in preventing, detecting and investigating terrorist offences and other serious criminal offences.\n\n## How does it work in practice?\n10 fingerprints and a digital photograph are collected from persons applying for a visa. These biometric data, along with data provided in the visa application form, are recorded in a secure central database.\n\n10-digit finger scans are not required from children under the age of 12 or from people who physically cannot provide finger scans. Frequent travellers to the Schengen Area do not have to give new finger scans every time they apply for a new visa. Once finger scans are stored in VIS, they can be re-used for further visa applications over a 5-year period.\n\nAt the Schengen Area's external borders, the visa holder's finger scans may be compared against those held in the database. A mismatch does not mean that entry will automatically be refused - it will merely lead to further checks on the traveller’s identity.\n\n## Which countries use VIS and who operates it?\nAs a Schengen instrument, VIS applies to all Schengen States (Denmark has decided to implement it). The EU Agency for large-scale IT systems, [eu-LISA](http:\/\/www.eulisa.europa.eu\/), is responsible for the operational management of VIS.\n\n## Who can access VIS?\nCompetent visa authorities may consult the VIS for the purpose of examining applications and decisions related thereto.\n\nThe authorities responsible for carrying out checks at external borders and within the national territories have access to search the VIS for the purpose of verifying the identity of the person, the authenticity of the visa or whether the person meets the requirements for entering, staying in or residing within the national territories.\n\nAsylum authorities only have access to search the VIS for the purpose of determining the EU State responsible for the examination of an asylum application.\n\nIn specific cases, national authorities and Europol may request access to data entered into the VIS for the purposes of preventing, detecting and investigating terrorist and criminal offences.\n\n## How is my data in VIS protected?\nAccess to VIS data is limited to authorised staff in the performance of their tasks. They must ensure that the use of VIS data is limited to that which is necessary, appropriate and proportionate for carrying out their tasks.\n\nData is kept in the VIS for five years. This retention period starts from the expiry date of the issued visa, the date a negative decision is taken or the date a decision to modify an issued visa is taken. Any person has the right to be informed about his\/her data in the VIS. Any person may request that inaccurate data about him\/her is corrected and unlawfully recorded data is deleted.\n\nEach EU State must require a National Supervisory Authority to monitor the lawfulness of the processing of personal data by that country. The [European Data Protection Supervisor](http:\/\/www.edps.europa.eu\/EDPSWEB\/edps\/lang\/en\/EDPS) will monitor the activities at European level.\n\n## Key documents and legislation on Visa Information System (VIS)\n[List](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system\/key-documents-and-legislation-vis_en) of key documents and legislation on VIS.\n\nShare this page\n\n- [X](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_en#x \"Share via X\")\n- [Facebook](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_en#facebook \"Share via Facebook\")\n- [LinkedIn](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_en#linkedin \"Share via LinkedIn\")\n- [E-mail](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_en#email \"Share via E-mail\")\n- [More share options](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_en#share \"More share options\")\n  \n  - [X](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_en#x)\n  - [Whatsapp](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_en#whatsapp)\n  - [Gmail](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_en#gmail)\n  - [Print](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_en#print)\n  - [Typepad](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_en#typepad)\n  - [Pinterest](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_en#pinterest)\n  - [Blogger](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_en#blogger)\n  - [Pocket](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_en#pocket)\n  - [YahooMail](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_en#yahoomail)\n  - [Threads](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_en#threads)\n  - [Weibo](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_en#weibo)\n  - [Viadeo](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_en#viadeo)\n  - [Reddit](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_en#reddit)\n  - [Qzone](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_en#qzone)\n  - [Netvibes](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_en#netvibes)\n  - [Yammer](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_en#yammer)\n  - [Tumblr](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_en#tumblr)\n  - [Digg](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_en#digg)\n  - [Mastodon](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_en#mastodon)\n  - [BlueSky](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system_en#bluesky)\n\n[Migration and Home Affairs](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/index_en)\n\nThis site is managed by:  \nDirectorate-General for Migration and Home Affairs\n\nContact us\n\n- [Contact our DG](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/who-we-are\/contact-us_en)\n\nMore information on:\n\n- [Live, work, travel in the EU](https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/live-work-travel-eu_en)\n\n[![European Commission logo](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/themes\/contrib\/oe_theme\/dist\/ec\/images\/logo\/negative\/logo-ec--en.svg)](https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/index_en)\n\nFollow the European Commission\n\n- [Facebook](https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/EuropeanCommission)\n- [Instagram](https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/europeancommission)\n- [X](https:\/\/x.com\/EU_Commission)\n- [Linkedin](https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/european-commission)\n- [Other](https:\/\/european-union.europa.eu\/contact-eu\/social-media-channels_en)\n\n- [Contact us](https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/about\/contact_en)\n\n- [Report an IT vulnerability](https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/legal-notice\/vulnerability-disclosure-policy_en)\n- [Languages on our websites](https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/languages-our-websites_en)\n- [Cookies](https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/cookies-policy_en)\n- [Privacy policy](https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/privacy-policy-websites-managed-european-commission_en)\n- [Legal notice](https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/legal-notice_en)\n- [Accessibility](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/accessibility-statement_en)\n\nSearch\n\nSearch\n\nToggle the filter display\n\nClose","attrs_readable_markdown":"Technology can play a key role in improving and reinforcing external borders. Over the past years, the EU has been developing large-scale IT systems for collecting, processing and sharing information relevant to external border management. The Visa Information System, which supports the implementation of the common EU visa policy, is one of these tools.\n\n## What is VIS?\nThe Visa Information System (VIS) [(consolidated version)](https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:02008R0767-20190611) allows [Schengen States](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/schengen-area_en) to exchange visa data. It consists of a central IT system and of a communication infrastructure that links this central system to national systems. VIS connects consulates in non-EU countries and all external border crossing points of Schengen States. It processes data and decisions relating to applications for short-stay visas to visit, or to transit through, the Schengen Area. The system can perform biometric matching, primarily of fingerprints, for identification and verification purposes.\n\n## What is the purpose of VIS?\n**Facilitating checks and the issuance of visas**: VIS enables border guards to verify that a person presenting a visa is its rightful holder and to identify persons found on the Schengen territory with no or fraudulent documents. Using biometric data to confirm a visa holder's identity allows for faster, more accurate and more secure checks. The system also facilitates the visa issuance process, particularly for frequent travellers.\n\n**Fighting abuses**: While the very large majority of visa holders follow the rules, abuses can also take place. For instance, VIS will help in fighting and preventing fraudulent behaviours, such as \"visa shopping\" (i.e. the practice of making further visa applications to other EU States when a first application has been rejected).\n\n**Protecting travellers**: Biometric technology enables the detection of travellers using another person's travel documents and protects travellers from identity theft.\n\n**Helping with asylum applications**: VIS makes it easier to determine which EU State is responsible for examining an asylum application and to examine such applications.\n\n**Enhancing security**: VIS assists in preventing, detecting and investigating terrorist offences and other serious criminal offences.\n\n## How does it work in practice?\n10 fingerprints and a digital photograph are collected from persons applying for a visa. These biometric data, along with data provided in the visa application form, are recorded in a secure central database.\n\n10-digit finger scans are not required from children under the age of 12 or from people who physically cannot provide finger scans. Frequent travellers to the Schengen Area do not have to give new finger scans every time they apply for a new visa. Once finger scans are stored in VIS, they can be re-used for further visa applications over a 5-year period.\n\nAt the Schengen Area's external borders, the visa holder's finger scans may be compared against those held in the database. A mismatch does not mean that entry will automatically be refused - it will merely lead to further checks on the traveller’s identity.\n\n## Which countries use VIS and who operates it?\nAs a Schengen instrument, VIS applies to all Schengen States (Denmark has decided to implement it). The EU Agency for large-scale IT systems, [eu-LISA](http:\/\/www.eulisa.europa.eu\/), is responsible for the operational management of VIS.\n\n## Who can access VIS?\nCompetent visa authorities may consult the VIS for the purpose of examining applications and decisions related thereto.\n\nThe authorities responsible for carrying out checks at external borders and within the national territories have access to search the VIS for the purpose of verifying the identity of the person, the authenticity of the visa or whether the person meets the requirements for entering, staying in or residing within the national territories.\n\nAsylum authorities only have access to search the VIS for the purpose of determining the EU State responsible for the examination of an asylum application.\n\nIn specific cases, national authorities and Europol may request access to data entered into the VIS for the purposes of preventing, detecting and investigating terrorist and criminal offences.\n\n## How is my data in VIS protected?\nAccess to VIS data is limited to authorised staff in the performance of their tasks. They must ensure that the use of VIS data is limited to that which is necessary, appropriate and proportionate for carrying out their tasks.\n\nData is kept in the VIS for five years. This retention period starts from the expiry date of the issued visa, the date a negative decision is taken or the date a decision to modify an issued visa is taken. Any person has the right to be informed about his\/her data in the VIS. Any person may request that inaccurate data about him\/her is corrected and unlawfully recorded data is deleted.\n\nEach EU State must require a National Supervisory Authority to monitor the lawfulness of the processing of personal data by that country. The [European Data Protection Supervisor](http:\/\/www.edps.europa.eu\/EDPSWEB\/edps\/lang\/en\/EDPS) will monitor the activities at European level.\n\n## Key documents and legislation on Visa Information System (VIS)\n[List](https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies\/schengen\/visa-information-system\/key-documents-and-legislation-vis_en) of key documents and legislation on VIS.","meta_canonical":null}

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Meta Description	The Visa Information System (VIS) allows Schengen States in the EU to exchange visa data.
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Boilerpipe Text	Technology can play a key role in improving and reinforcing external borders. Over the past years, the EU has been developing large-scale IT systems for collecting, processing and sharing information relevant to external border management. The Visa Information System, which supports the implementation of the common EU visa policy, is one of these tools. What is VIS? The Visa Information System (VIS) (consolidated version) allows Schengen States to exchange visa data. It consists of a central IT system and of a communication infrastructure that links this central system to national systems. VIS connects consulates in non-EU countries and all external border crossing points of Schengen States. It processes data and decisions relating to applications for short-stay visas to visit, or to transit through, the Schengen Area. The system can perform biometric matching, primarily of fingerprints, for identification and verification purposes. What is the purpose of VIS? Facilitating checks and the issuance of visas : VIS enables border guards to verify that a person presenting a visa is its rightful holder and to identify persons found on the Schengen territory with no or fraudulent documents. Using biometric data to confirm a visa holder's identity allows for faster, more accurate and more secure checks. The system also facilitates the visa issuance process, particularly for frequent travellers. Fighting abuses : While the very large majority of visa holders follow the rules, abuses can also take place. For instance, VIS will help in fighting and preventing fraudulent behaviours, such as "visa shopping" (i.e. the practice of making further visa applications to other EU States when a first application has been rejected). Protecting travellers : Biometric technology enables the detection of travellers using another person's travel documents and protects travellers from identity theft. Helping with asylum applications : VIS makes it easier to determine which EU State is responsible for examining an asylum application and to examine such applications. Enhancing security : VIS assists in preventing, detecting and investigating terrorist offences and other serious criminal offences. How does it work in practice? 10 fingerprints and a digital photograph are collected from persons applying for a visa. These biometric data, along with data provided in the visa application form, are recorded in a secure central database. 10-digit finger scans are not required from children under the age of 12 or from people who physically cannot provide finger scans. Frequent travellers to the Schengen Area do not have to give new finger scans every time they apply for a new visa. Once finger scans are stored in VIS, they can be re-used for further visa applications over a 5-year period. At the Schengen Area's external borders, the visa holder's finger scans may be compared against those held in the database. A mismatch does not mean that entry will automatically be refused - it will merely lead to further checks on the traveller’s identity. Which countries use VIS and who operates it? As a Schengen instrument, VIS applies to all Schengen States (Denmark has decided to implement it). The EU Agency for large-scale IT systems, eu-LISA , is responsible for the operational management of VIS. Who can access VIS? Competent visa authorities may consult the VIS for the purpose of examining applications and decisions related thereto. The authorities responsible for carrying out checks at external borders and within the national territories have access to search the VIS for the purpose of verifying the identity of the person, the authenticity of the visa or whether the person meets the requirements for entering, staying in or residing within the national territories. Asylum authorities only have access to search the VIS for the purpose of determining the EU State responsible for the examination of an asylum application. In specific cases, national authorities and Europol may request access to data entered into the VIS for the purposes of preventing, detecting and investigating terrorist and criminal offences. How is my data in VIS protected? Access to VIS data is limited to authorised staff in the performance of their tasks. They must ensure that the use of VIS data is limited to that which is necessary, appropriate and proportionate for carrying out their tasks. Data is kept in the VIS for five years. This retention period starts from the expiry date of the issued visa, the date a negative decision is taken or the date a decision to modify an issued visa is taken. Any person has the right to be informed about his/her data in the VIS. Any person may request that inaccurate data about him/her is corrected and unlawfully recorded data is deleted. Each EU State must require a National Supervisory Authority to monitor the lawfulness of the processing of personal data by that country. The European Data Protection Supervisor will monitor the activities at European level. Key documents and legislation on Visa Information System (VIS) List of key documents and legislation on VIS.
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[Family member in Ireland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/family-member-ireland_en) - [Family member in Italy](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/family-member-italy_en) - [Family member in Latvia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/family-member-latvia_en) - [Family member in Lithuania](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/family-member-lithuania_en) - [Family member in Luxembourg](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/family-member-luxembourg_en) - [Family member in Malta](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/family-member-malta_en) - [Family member in Poland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/family-member-poland_en) - [Family member in Portugal](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/family-member-portugal_en) - [Family member in Sweden](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/family-member-sweden_en) - [Family member in Romania](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/family-member-romania_en) - [Family member in the Netherlands](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/family-member-netherlands_en) - [Highly-qualified worker in Belgium](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/highly-qualified-worker-belgium_en) - [Highly-qualified worker in Austria](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/highly-qualified-worker-austria_en) - [Highly-qualified worker in Bulgaria](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/highly-qualified-worker-bulgaria_en) - [Highly-qualified worker in Croatia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/highly-qualified-worker-croatia_en) - [Highly-qualified worker in Cyprus](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/highly-qualified-worker-cyprus_en) - [Highly-qualified worker in Czechia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/highly-qualified-worker-czechia_en) - [Highly-qualified worker in Denmark](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/highly-qualified-worker-denmark_en) - [Highly-qualified worker in Estonia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/highly-qualified-worker-estonia_en) - [Highly-qualified worker in Finland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/highly-qualified-worker-finland_en) - [Highly-qualified worker in Germany](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/highly-qualified-worker-germany_en) - [Highly-qualified worker in France](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/highly-qualified-worker-france_en) - [Highly-qualified worker in Greece](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/highly-qualified-worker-greece_en) - [Highly-qualified worker in Hungary](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/highly-qualified-worker-hungary_en) - [Highly-qualified worker in Ireland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/highly-qualified-worker-ireland_en) - [Highly-qualified worker in Italy](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/highly-qualified-worker-italy_en) - [Highly-qualified worker in Latvia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/highly-qualified-worker-latvia_en) - [Highly-qualified worker in Lithuania](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/highly-qualified-worker-lithuania_en) - [Highly-qualified worker in Luxembourg](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/highly-qualified-worker-luxembourg_en) - [Highly-qualified worker in Malta](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/highly-qualified-worker-malta_en) - [Highly-qualified worker in Poland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/highly-qualified-worker-poland_en) - [Highly-qualified worker in Portugal](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/highly-qualified-worker-portugal_en) - [Highly-qualified worker in Romania](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/highly-qualified-worker-romania_en) - [Highly-qualified worker in the Netherlands](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/highly-qualified-worker-netherlands_en) - [International service provider in Belgium](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/international-service-provider-belgium_en) - [International service provider in Bulgaria](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/international-service-provider-bulgaria_en) - [International service provider in Croatia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/international-service-provider-croatia_en) - [International service provider in Cyprus](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/international-service-provider-cyprus_en) - [International service provider in Czechia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/international-service-provider-czechia_en) - [International service provider in Denmark](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/international-service-provider-denmark_en) - [International service provider in Estonia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/international-service-provider-estonia_en) - [International service provider in Finland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/international-service-provider-finland_en) - [International service provider in France](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/international-service-provider-france_en) - [International service provider in Germany](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/international-service-provider-germany_en) - [International service provider in Greece](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/international-service-provider-greece_en) - [International service provider in Hungary](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/international-service-provider-hungary_en) - [International service provider in Ireland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/international-service-provider-ireland_en) - [International service provider in Italy](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/international-service-provider-italy_en) - [International service provider in Latvia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/international-service-provider-latvia_en) - [International service provider in Lithuania](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/international-service-provider-lithuania_en) - [International service provider in Luxembourg](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/international-service-provider-luxembourg_en) - [International service provider in Malta](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/international-service-provider-malta_en) - [International service provider in Poland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/international-service-provider-poland_en) - [International service provider in Portugal](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/international-service-provider-portugal_en) - [International service provider in Romania](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/international-service-provider-romania_en) - [International service provider in the Netherlands](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/international-service-provider-netherlands_en) - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Belgium](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-belgium_en) - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Austria](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-austria_en) - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Bulgaria](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-bulgaria_en) - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Croatia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-croatia_en) - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Cyprus](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-cyprus_en) - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Czechia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-czechia_en) - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Denmark](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-denmark_en) - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Estonia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-estonia_en) - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Finland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-finland_en) - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in France](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-france_en) - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Germany](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-germany_en) - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Greece](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-greece_en) - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Hungary](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-hungary_en) - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Ireland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-ireland_en) - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Italy](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-italy_en) - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Latvia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-latvia_en) - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Lithuania](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-lithuania_en) - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Luxembourg](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-luxembourg_en) - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Malta](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-malta_en) - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Poland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-poland_en) - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Portugal](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-portugal_en) - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in Romania](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-romania_en) - [Intra-corporate transferee (ICT) in the Netherlands](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/intra-corporate-transferee-ict-netherlands_en) - [Researcher in Belgium](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/researcher-belgium_en) - [Researcher in Austria](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/researcher-austria_en) - [Researcher in Bulgaria](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/researcher-bulgaria_en) - [Researcher in Croatia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/researcher-croatia_en) - [Researcher in Cyprus](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/researcher-cyprus_en) - [Researcher in Czechia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/researcher-czechia_en) - [Researcher in Denmark](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/researcher-denmark_en) - [Researcher in Estonia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/researcher-estonia_en) - [Researcher in Finland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/researcher-finland_en) - [Researcher in France](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/researcher-france_en) - [Researcher in Germany](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/researcher-germany_en) - [Researcher in Hungary](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/researcher-hungary_en) - [Researcher in Ireland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/researcher-ireland_en) - [Researcher in Italy](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/researcher-italy_en) - [Researcher in Latvia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/researcher-latvia_en) - [Researcher in Lithuania](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/researcher-lithuania_en) - [Researcher in Luxembourg](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/researcher-luxembourg_en) - [Researcher in Malta](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/researcher-malta_en) - [Researcher in Poland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/researcher-poland_en) - [Researcher in Portugal](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/researcher-portugal_en) - [Researcher in Romania](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/researcher-romania_en) - [Researcher in the Netherlands](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/researcher-netherlands_en) - [Seasonal worker in Belgium](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/seasonal-worker-belgium_en) - [Seasonal worker in Austria](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/seasonal-worker-austria_en) - [Seasonal worker in Bulgaria](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/seasonal-worker-bulgaria_en) - [Seasonal worker in Croatia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/seasonal-worker-croatia_en) - [Seasonal worker in Cyprus](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/seasonal-worker-cyprus_en) - [Seasonal worker in Czechia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/seasonal-worker-czechia_en) - [Seasonal worker in Denmark](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/seasonal-worker-denmark_en) - [Seasonal worker in Estonia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/seasonal-worker-estonia_en) - [Seasonal worker in Finland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/seasonal-worker-finland_en) - [Seasonal worker in France](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/seasonal-worker-france_en) - [Seasonal worker in Germany](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/seasonal-worker-germany_en) - [Seasonal worker in Greece](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/seasonal-worker-greece_en) - [Seasonal worker in Hungary](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/seasonal-worker-hungary_en) - [Seasonal worker in Ireland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/seasonal-worker-ireland_en) - [Seasonal worker in Italy](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/seasonal-worker-italy_en) - [Seasonal worker in Latvia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/seasonal-worker-latvia_en) - [Seasonal worker in Lithuania](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/seasonal-worker-lithuania_en) - [Seasonal worker in Luxembourg](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/seasonal-worker-luxembourg_en) - [Seasonal worker in Malta](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/seasonal-worker-malta_en) - [Seasonal worker in Poland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/seasonal-worker-poland_en) - [Seasonal worker in Portugal](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/seasonal-worker-portugal_en) - [Seasonal worker in Romania](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/seasonal-worker-romania_en) - [Seasonal worker in the Netherlands](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/seasonal-worker-netherlands_en) - [Self-employed worker in Estonia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/self-employed-worker-estonia_en) - [Self-employed worker in Finland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/self-employed-worker-finland_en) - [Self-employed worker in France](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/self-employed-worker-france_en) - [Self-employed worker in Germany](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/self-employed-worker-germany_en) - [Self-employed worker in Greece](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/self-employed-worker-greece_en) - [Self-employed worker in Hungary](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/self-employed-worker-hungary_en) - [Self-employed worker in Ireland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/self-employed-worker-ireland_en) - [Self-employed worker in Italy](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/self-employed-worker-italy_en) - [Self-employed worker in Latvia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/self-employed-worker-latvia_en) - [Self-employed worker in Lithuania](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/self-employed-worker-lithuania_en) - [Self-employed worker in Luxembourg](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/self-employed-worker-luxembourg_en) - [Self-employed worker in Malta](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/self-employed-worker-malta_en) - [Self-employed worker in Poland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/self-employed-worker-poland_en) - [Self-employed worker in Portugal](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/self-employed-worker-portugal_en) - [Self-employed worker in Romania](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/self-employed-worker-romania_en) - [Self-employed worker in the Netherlands](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/self-employed-worker-netherlands_en) - [Self-employed worker in Belgium](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/self-employed-worker-belgium_en) - [Self-employed worker in Austria](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/self-employed-worker-austria_en) - [Self-employed worker in Bulgaria](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/self-employed-worker-bulgaria_en) - [Self-employed worker in Croatia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/self-employed-worker-croatia_en) - [Self-employed worker in Cyprus](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/self-employed-worker-cyprus_en) - [Self-employed worker in Czechia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/self-employed-worker-czechia_en) - [Self-employed worker in Denmark](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/self-employed-worker-denmark_en) - [Student in Belgium](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-belgium_en) - [Student in Austria](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-austria_en) - [Student in Bulgaria](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-bulgaria_en) - [Student in Croatia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-croatia_en) - [Student in Cyprus](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-cyprus_en) - [Student in Czechia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-czechia_en) - [Student in Denmark](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-denmark_en) - [Student in Estonia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-estonia_en) - [Student in Finland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-finland_en) - [Student in France](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-france_en) - [Student in Germany](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-germany_en) - [Researcher in Greece](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/researcher-greece_en) - [Student in Greece](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-greece_en) - [Student in Hungary](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-hungary_en) - [Student in Ireland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-ireland_en) - [Student in Italy](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-italy_en) - [Student in Latvia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-latvia_en) - [Student in Lithuania](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-lithuania_en) - [Student in Luxembourg](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-luxembourg_en) - [Student in Malta](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-malta_en) - [Student in Poland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-poland_en) - [Student in Portugal](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-portugal_en) - [Student in Romania](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-romania_en) - [Student in the Netherlands](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/student-netherlands_en) - [Trainee in Belgium](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/trainee-belgium_en) - [Trainee in Austria](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/trainee-austria_en) - [Trainee in Bulgaria](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/trainee-bulgaria_en) - [Trainee in Croatia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/trainee-croatia_en) - [Trainee in Cyprus](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/trainee-cyprus_en) - [Trainee in Czechia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/trainee-czechia_en) - [Trainee in Denmark](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/trainee-denmark_en) - [Trainee in Estonia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/trainee-estonia_en) - [Trainee in Finland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/trainee-finland_en) - [Trainee in France](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/trainee-france_en) - [Trainee in Germany](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/trainee-germany_en) - [Trainee in Greece](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/trainee-greece_en) - [Trainee in Hungary](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/trainee-hungary_en) - [Trainee in Ireland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/trainee-ireland_en) - [Trainee in Italy](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/trainee-italy_en) - [Trainee in Latvia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/trainee-latvia_en) - [Trainee in Lithuania](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/trainee-lithuania_en) - [Trainee in Luxembourg](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/trainee-luxembourg_en) - [Trainee in Malta](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/trainee-malta_en) - [Trainee in Poland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/trainee-poland_en) - [Trainee in Portugal](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/trainee-portugal_en) - [Trainee in Romania](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/trainee-romania_en) - [Trainee in the Netherlands](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/trainee-netherlands_en) - [Volunteer in Belgium](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/volunteer-belgium_en) - [Volunteer in Austria](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/volunteer-austria_en) - [Volunteer in Bulgaria](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/volunteer-bulgaria_en) - [Volunteer in Croatia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/volunteer-croatia_en) - [Volunteer in Cyprus](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/volunteer-cyprus_en) - [Volunteer in Czechia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/volunteer-czechia_en) - [Volunteer in Denmark](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/volunteer-denmark_en) - [Volunteer in Estonia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/volunteer-estonia_en) - [Volunteer in Finland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/volunteer-finland_en) - [Volunteer in France](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/volunteer-france_en) - [Volunteer in Germany](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/volunteer-germany_en) - [Volunteer in Greece](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/volunteer-greece_en) - [Volunteer in Hungary](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/volunteer-hungary_en) - [Volunteer in Ireland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/volunteer-ireland_en) - [Volunteer in Italy](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/volunteer-italy_en) - [Volunteer in Latvia](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/volunteer-latvia_en) - [Volunteer in Lithuania](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/volunteer-lithuania_en) - [Volunteer in Luxembourg](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/volunteer-luxembourg_en) - [Volunteer in Malta](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/volunteer-malta_en) - [Volunteer in Poland](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/volunteer-poland_en) - [Volunteer in Portugal](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/volunteer-portugal_en) - [Volunteer in Romania](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/volunteer-romania_en) - [Volunteer in the Netherlands](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/volunteer-netherlands_en) - [Who does what?](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/who-does-what_en) - [What category do I fit into?](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/what-category-do-i-fit_en) - [Already in the EU?](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/already-eu_en) - [What should I avoid?](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/what-should-i-avoid_en) - [EU Blue Card](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/eu-blue-card_en) - [See all](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal_en) - Irregular migration and return - [An effective, firm and fair EU return and readmission policy](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/irregular-migration-and-return/effective-firm-and-fair-eu-return-and-readmission-policy_en) - [International Conference on a Global Alliance to Counter Migrant Smuggling](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/irregular-migration-and-return/international-conference-global-alliance-counter-migrant-smuggling_en) - [Migrant smuggling](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/irregular-migration-and-return/migrant-smuggling_en) - [The EU Return Coordinator](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/irregular-migration-and-return/eu-return-coordinator_en) - [2025 International Conference of the Global Alliance to Counter Migrant Smuggling](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/irregular-migration-and-return/2025-international-conference-global-alliance-counter-migrant-smuggling_en) - [See all](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/irregular-migration-and-return_en) - Legal migration and resettlement - [European Migration Forum (EMF)](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/european-migration-forum-emf_en) - [Legal migration fitness check](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/legal-migration-and-resettlement/legal-migration-fitness-check_en) - [Long-term residents](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/legal-migration-and-resettlement/long-term-residents_en) - [Resettlement and humanitarian admission](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/legal-migration-and-resettlement/resettlement-and-humanitarian-admission_en) - [Study and research](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/legal-migration-and-resettlement/study-and-research_en) - [Family reunification with non-EU nationals](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/legal-migration-and-resettlement/family-reunification-non-eu-nationals_en) - [Talent Partnerships](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/legal-migration-and-resettlement/talent-partnerships_en) - [Work](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/legal-migration-and-resettlement/work_en) - [See all](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/legal-migration-and-resettlement_en) - Migrant integration - [Migrant integration hub](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/migrant-integration/migrant-integration-hub_en) - [EU integration policy](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/migrant-integration/eu-integration-policy_en) - [EU long-term residence](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/migrant-integration/eu-long-term-residence_en) - [See all](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/migrant-integration_en) - Migration management - [Migration Management in Italy](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/migration-management/migration-management-italy_en) - [Migration Management in Spain](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/migration-management/migration-management-spain_en) - [Migration management in Cyprus](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/migration-management/migration-management-cyprus_en) - [Migration management: Welcoming displaced people from Ukraine](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/migration-management/migration-management-welcoming-displaced-people-ukraine_en) - [Relocation: EU solidarity in practice](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/migration-management/relocation-eu-solidarity-practice_en) - [Search and rescue](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/migration-management/search-and-rescue_en) - [Task Force Migration Management](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/migration-management/task-force-migration-management_en) - [Migration management in Greece](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/migration-management/migration-management-greece_en) - [See all](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/migration-management_en) - Pact on Migration and Asylum - [First Annual Migration Management Cycle](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/pact-migration-and-asylum/first-annual-migration-management-cycle_en) - [Legislative files in a nutshell](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/pact-migration-and-asylum/legislative-files-nutshell_en) - [Implementing the Pact on Migration and Asylum](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/pact-migration-and-asylum/implementing-pact-migration-and-asylum_en) - [Questions and answers on the Pact on Migration and Asylum](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/pact-migration-and-asylum/questions-and-answers-pact-migration-and-asylum_en) - [See all](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/pact-migration-and-asylum_en) - [Statistics on migration to Europe](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/statistics-migration-europe_en) - [Discover more](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum_en) - Schengen Schengen Schengen guarantees free movement to more than 450 million EU citizens, along with non-EU nationals living in the EU or visiting the EU as tourists, exchange students or for business purposes, anyone legally present in the EU. - Border crossing - [Short-stay calculator](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/border-crossing/short-stay-calculator_en) - [See all](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/border-crossing_en) - [Eurosur](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/eurosur_en) - [Effective management of external borders](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/effective-management-external-borders_en) - [Interoperability](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/interoperability_en) - Schengen Information System - [Access rights and data protection](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/schengen-information-system/access-rights-and-data-protection_en) - [Alerts and data in SIS](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/schengen-information-system/alerts-and-data-sis_en) - [Questions and answers](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/schengen-information-system/questions-and-answers_en) - [SIRENE cooperation](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/schengen-information-system/sirene-cooperation_en) - [Success stories](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/schengen-information-system/success-stories_en) - [What is SIS and how does it work?](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/schengen-information-system/what-sis-and-how-does-it-work_en) - [See all](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/schengen-information-system_en) - Schengen area - [History of Schengen](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/schengen-area/history-schengen_en) - [Schengen Governance](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/schengen-area/schengen-governance_en) - [Temporary Reintroduction of Border Control](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/schengen-area/temporary-reintroduction-border-control_en) - [See all](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/schengen-area_en) - Smart Borders - [European Travel Information and Authorisation System (ETIAS)](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/smart-borders/european-travel-information-authorisation-system_en) - [Entry/Exit System (EES)](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/smart-borders/entry-exit-system_en) - [See all](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/smart-borders_en) - [Travel and residence documents](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/travel-and-residence-documents_en) - Visa Information System (VIS) - [Key documents and legislation on VIS](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/visa-information-system/key-documents-and-legislation-vis_en) - [See all](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/visa-information-system_en) - Visa policy - [Applying for a Schengen visa](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/visa-policy/applying-schengen-visa_en) - [Legal documents related to Schengen visas](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/visa-policy/legal-documents-related-schengen-visas_en) - [Short-stay visas issued by Schengen countries](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/visa-policy/short-stay-visas-issued-schengen-countries_en) - [See all](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/visa-policy_en) - [Discover more](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen_en) - Internal security Internal security The European Commission plays a key role in shaping and implementing the EU’s internal security policies, ensuring that security is integrated into EU legislation and policies. - Counter-terrorism and radicalisation - [Fight against the financing of terrorism](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/counter-terrorism-and-radicalisation/fight-against-financing-terrorism_en) - [Prevention of radicalisation](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/counter-terrorism-and-radicalisation/prevention-radicalisation_en) - [Protection](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/counter-terrorism-and-radicalisation/protection_en) - [See all](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/counter-terrorism-and-radicalisation_en) - Cybercrime - [E-evidence](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/cybercrime/e-evidence_en) - [International cooperation against cybercrime](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/cybercrime/international-cooperation-against-cybercrime_en) - [See all](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/cybercrime_en) - Innovation and security research - [Security Research Event](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/innovation-and-security-research/security-research-event_en) - [See all](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/innovation-and-security-research_en) - Law enforcement cooperation - [EMPACT fighting crime together](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/law-enforcement-cooperation/empact-fighting-crime-together_en) - [Cooperation with Europol](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/law-enforcement-cooperation/cooperation-europol_en) - [Cooperation with CEPOL](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/law-enforcement-cooperation/cooperation-cepol_en) - [Information exchange](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/law-enforcement-cooperation/information-exchange_en) - [Operational law enforcement cooperation](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/law-enforcement-cooperation/operational-law-enforcement-cooperation_en) - [Supporting action: funding, research and innovation](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/law-enforcement-cooperation/supporting-action-funding-research-and-innovation_en) - [Travel Information](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/law-enforcement-cooperation/travel-information_en) - [See all](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/law-enforcement-cooperation_en) - Lawful access to data - [Data retention](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/lawful-access-data/data-retention_en) - [Encryption](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/lawful-access-data/encryption_en) - [Projects for digital investigations](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/lawful-access-data/projects-digital-investigations_en) - [See all](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/lawful-access-data_en) - Organised crime - [Confiscation and asset recovery](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/organised-crime/confiscation-and-asset-recovery_en) - [Crime prevention](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/organised-crime/crime-prevention_en) - [Drugs policy](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/organised-crime/drugs-policy_en) - [Financial investigations](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/organised-crime/financial-investigations_en) - [Money laundering](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/organised-crime/money-laundering_en) - [Together Against Trafficking in Human Beings](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/organised-crime/together-against-trafficking-human-beings_en) - [Trafficking in cultural goods](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/organised-crime/trafficking-cultural-goods_en) - [Trafficking in firearms](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/organised-crime/trafficking-firearms_en) - [Counterfeiting](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/organised-crime/counterfeiting_en) - [See all](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/organised-crime_en) - Protecting children from sexual abuse - [Funding to support the fight against child sexual abuse](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/protecting-children-sexual-abuse/funding-support-fight-against-child-sexual-abuse_en) - [Cooperation against child sexual abuse](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/protecting-children-sexual-abuse/cooperation-against-child-sexual-abuse_en) - [EU versus Child Sexual Abuse](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/protecting-children-sexual-abuse/eu-versus-child-sexual-abuse_en) - [Legal framework to protect children](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/protecting-children-sexual-abuse/legal-framework-protect-children_en) - [What is the EU doing to protect children from sexual abuse?](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/protecting-children-sexual-abuse/what-eu-doing-protect-children-sexual-abuse_en) - [See all](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/protecting-children-sexual-abuse_en) - [Discover more](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security_en) - [Agencies](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/agencies_en) - Networks Networks The DG for Migration and Home Affairs organises and supports networks where members exchange views and information on policies, such as: child sexual abuse, radicalisation, drugs, protection of critical infrastructure and migration. - CERIS - Community for European Research and Innovation for Security - [About CERIS](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/ceris-community-european-research-and-innovation-security/about-ceris_en) - [CERIS in pictures](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/ceris-community-european-research-and-innovation-security/ceris-pictures_en) - [CERIS events](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/ceris-community-european-research-and-innovation-security/ceris-events_en) - [CERIS news](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/ceris-community-european-research-and-innovation-security/ceris-news_en) - [EU security market study](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/ceris-community-european-research-and-innovation-security/eu-security-market-study_en) - [Subscribe](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/ceris-community-european-research-and-innovation-security/subscribe_en) - [Thematic areas](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/ceris-community-european-research-and-innovation-security/thematic-areas_en) - [See all](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/ceris-community-european-research-and-innovation-security_en) - [European Migration Forum (EMF)](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/european-migration-forum-emf_en) - EU Knowledge Hub on Prevention of Radicalisation - [Calls for Applications](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation/calls-applications_en) - [Knowledge Transfer](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation/knowledge-transfer_en) - [Inspiring Practices Repository](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation/inspiring-practices-repository_en) - [Prev. Inspiring Practices Repository](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation/prev-inspiring-practices-repository_en) - [Thematic Panels](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation/thematic-panels_en) - [Welcome Package](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation/welcome-package_en) - [Expert Database](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation/expert-database_en) - [Media](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation/media_en) - [PCVE & Strategic Communications](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation/pcve-strategic-communications_en) - [The Root Causes of Violent Extremism - The Basics](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation/root-causes-violent-extremism-basics_en) - [Strategic Orientations on a coordinated EU approach to prevention of radicalisation](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation/strategic-orientations-coordinated-eu-approach-prevention-radicalisation_en) - [A Way Out From Violent Extremism](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation/way-out-violent-extremism_en) - [Establishing Common Standards ‒ Gender-specific approaches in practical P/CVE](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation/establishing-common-standards-gender-specific-approaches-practical-pcve_en) - [EU Security Union Strategy](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation/eu-security-union-strategy_en) - [About the EU Knowledge Hub on Prevention of Radicalisation](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation/about-eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation_en) - [Spotlight on Gender](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation/spotlight-gender_en) - [Guide for Teachers and Schools](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation/guide-teachers-and-schools_en) - [News](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation/news_en) - [Calendar](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation/calendar_en) - [See all](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/eu-knowledge-hub-prevention-radicalisation_en) - RAN Policy Support - [EC Research e-Library on Radicalisation](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/ran-policy-support/ec-research-e-library-radicalisation_en) - [See all](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/ran-policy-support_en) - European Migration Network (EMN) - [About the EMN](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/european-migration-network-emn/about-emn_en) - [EMN Asylum and Migration Glossary](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/european-migration-network-emn/emn-asylum-and-migration-glossary_en) - [EMN Events](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/european-migration-network-emn/emn-events_en) - [EMN Member and Observer Countries](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/european-migration-network-emn/emn-member-and-observer-countries_en) - [EMN partners](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/european-migration-network-emn/emn-partners_en) - [EMN publications](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/european-migration-network-emn/emn-publications_en) - [EMNews](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/european-migration-network-emn/emnews_en) - [Expert groups](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/european-migration-network-emn/expert-groups_en) - [See all](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/european-migration-network-emn_en) - [European Union Internet Forum](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/european-union-internet-forum_en) - [Labour Migration Platform](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/labour-migration-platform_en) - [Law Enforcement Networks Working Group (LENWG)](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/law-enforcement-networks-working-group-lenwg_en) - [Network for the Prevention of Child Sexual Abuse](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/network-prevention-child-sexual-abuse_en) - [High-Level Group (HLG) on access to data for effective law enforcement](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/high-level-group-hlg-access-data-effective-law-enforcement_en) - [Civil Society Forum on Drugs (CSF)](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/civil-society-forum-drugs-csf_en) - RAN Practitioners (archived) - [About RAN](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/radicalisation-awareness-network-ran/about-ran_en) - [Civil Society Empowerment Programme (CSEP)](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/radicalisation-awareness-network-ran/civil-society-empowerment-programme_en) - [Collection of inspiring practices](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/radicalisation-awareness-network-ran/collection-inspiring-practices_en) - [Conferences and Webinars](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/radicalisation-awareness-network-ran/conferences-and-webinars_en) - [Publications](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/radicalisation-awareness-network-ran/ran-publications_en) - [RAN Media](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/radicalisation-awareness-network-ran/ran-media_en) - [RAN News](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/radicalisation-awareness-network-ran/ran-news_en) - [RAN Participants](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/radicalisation-awareness-network-ran/ran-participants_en) - [RAN Practitioners pages](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/radicalisation-awareness-network-ran/ran-practitioners-pages_en) - [RAN Publications](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/radicalisation-awareness-network-ran/ran-publications_en) - [RAN YOUNG PLATFORM](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/radicalisation-awareness-network-ran/ran-young-platform_en) - [RAN in the Western Balkans](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/radicalisation-awareness-network-ran/ran-western-balkans_en) - [Topics and Working Groups](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/radicalisation-awareness-network-ran/topics-and-working-groups_en) - [See all](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/radicalisation-awareness-network-ran_en) - [Discover more](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks_en) - Funding Funding Learn about EU funds supporting projects on migration and home affairs: Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund (AMIF), Internal Security Fund (ISF) and Horizon Europe funding for security research. - Asylum, migration and integration funds - [Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund (2021-2027)](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/funding/asylum-migration-and-integration-funds/asylum-migration-and-integration-fund-2021-2027_en) - [Asylum, Migration and Integration fund (2014-2020)](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/funding/asylum-migration-and-integration-funds/asylum-migration-and-integration-fund-2014-2020_en) - [European Migration Network (EMN)](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/funding/asylum-migration-and-integration-funds/european-migration-network-emn_en) - [See all](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/funding/asylum-migration-and-integration-funds_en) - Borders and visa funds - [Integrated Border Management Fund – Border Management and Visa Instrument (2021-27)](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/funding/borders-and-visa-funds/integrated-border-management-fund-border-management-and-visa-instrument-2021-27_en) - [Internal Security Fund - Borders and visa (2014-2020)](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/funding/borders-and-visa-funds/internal-security-fund-borders-and-visa-2014-2020_en) - [See all](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/funding/borders-and-visa-funds_en) - Internal security funds - [Internal Security Fund (2021-2027)](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/funding/internal-security-funds/internal-security-fund-2021-2027_en) - [Internal Security Fund - Police (2014-2020)](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/funding/internal-security-funds/internal-security-fund-police-2014-2020_en) - [See all](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/funding/internal-security-funds_en) - [EU Civil security research funds](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/funding/eu-civil-security-research-funds_en) - [EU Projects in Action](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/funding/eu-projects-action_en) - [Funding contacts](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/funding/funding-contacts_en) - [Funding communication material](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/funding/funding-communication-material_en) - [Ongoing calls](https://ec.europa.eu/info/funding-tenders/opportunities/portal/screen/home) - [Discover more](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/funding_en) - What's new What's new All the latest news, events, publications and more from DG Migration & Home affairs. - [News](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/whats-new/news_en) - Communication campaigns - [Celebrate 40 years of Schengen](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/whats-new/communication-campaigns/celebrate-40-years-schengen_en) - [End human trafficking. Break the invisible chain](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/whats-new/communication-campaigns/end-human-trafficking-break-invisible-chain_en) - [See all](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/whats-new/communication-campaigns_en) - [Newsletter](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/whats-new/newsletter_en) - [Events](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/whats-new/events_en) - [Public consultations](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/whats-new/public-consultations_en) - [Publications](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/whats-new/publications_en) - Evaluations and impact assessments - [Mid-term evaluation of the Europe for Citizens programme 2014-2020](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/whats-new/evaluations-and-impact-assessments/mid-term-evaluation-europe-citizens-programme-2014-2020_en) - [Ex-post evaluation of the programme "Prevention of and fight against Crime" (ISEC) 2007-2013](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/whats-new/evaluations-and-impact-assessments/ex-post-evaluation-programme-prevention-and-fight-against-crime-isec-2007-2013_en) - [Ex-post evaluation of the four instruments under the General Programme “Solidarity and Management of Migration Flows” (SOLID)](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/whats-new/evaluations-and-impact-assessments/ex-post-evaluation-four-instruments-under-general-programme-solidarity-and-management-migration_en) - [Ex-post evaluation of the 'Prevention, Preparedness and Consequence Management of Terrorism and other Security related risks Programme' ('CIPS') (2007-2013)](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/whats-new/evaluations-and-impact-assessments/ex-post-evaluation-prevention-preparedness-and-consequence-management-terrorism-and-other-security_en) - [See all](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/whats-new/evaluations-and-impact-assessments_en) - [EU law monitoring](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/whats-new/eu-law-monitoring_en) - [Discover more](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/whats-new_en) - Who we are Who we are About DG Migration & Home affairs - [About us](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/who-we-are/about-us_en) - [Job opportunities](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/who-we-are/job-opportunities_en) - [Contact us](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/who-we-are/contact-us_en) - [Discover more](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/who-we-are_en) 1. [HOME](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/index_en) 2. … 3. [Policies](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies_en) 4. [Schengen](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen_en) 5. Visa Information System (VIS) # Visa Information System (VIS) Technology can play a key role in improving and reinforcing external borders. Over the past years, the EU has been developing large-scale IT systems for collecting, processing and sharing information relevant to external border management. The Visa Information System, which supports the implementation of the common EU visa policy, is one of these tools. ## What is VIS? The Visa Information System (VIS) [(consolidated version)](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02008R0767-20190611) allows [Schengen States](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/schengen-area_en) to exchange visa data. It consists of a central IT system and of a communication infrastructure that links this central system to national systems. VIS connects consulates in non-EU countries and all external border crossing points of Schengen States. It processes data and decisions relating to applications for short-stay visas to visit, or to transit through, the Schengen Area. The system can perform biometric matching, primarily of fingerprints, for identification and verification purposes. ## What is the purpose of VIS? Facilitating checks and the issuance of visas: VIS enables border guards to verify that a person presenting a visa is its rightful holder and to identify persons found on the Schengen territory with no or fraudulent documents. Using biometric data to confirm a visa holder's identity allows for faster, more accurate and more secure checks. The system also facilitates the visa issuance process, particularly for frequent travellers. Fighting abuses: While the very large majority of visa holders follow the rules, abuses can also take place. For instance, VIS will help in fighting and preventing fraudulent behaviours, such as "visa shopping" (i.e. the practice of making further visa applications to other EU States when a first application has been rejected). Protecting travellers: Biometric technology enables the detection of travellers using another person's travel documents and protects travellers from identity theft. Helping with asylum applications: VIS makes it easier to determine which EU State is responsible for examining an asylum application and to examine such applications. Enhancing security: VIS assists in preventing, detecting and investigating terrorist offences and other serious criminal offences. ## How does it work in practice? 10 fingerprints and a digital photograph are collected from persons applying for a visa. These biometric data, along with data provided in the visa application form, are recorded in a secure central database. 10-digit finger scans are not required from children under the age of 12 or from people who physically cannot provide finger scans. Frequent travellers to the Schengen Area do not have to give new finger scans every time they apply for a new visa. Once finger scans are stored in VIS, they can be re-used for further visa applications over a 5-year period. At the Schengen Area's external borders, the visa holder's finger scans may be compared against those held in the database. A mismatch does not mean that entry will automatically be refused - it will merely lead to further checks on the traveller’s identity. ## Which countries use VIS and who operates it? As a Schengen instrument, VIS applies to all Schengen States (Denmark has decided to implement it). The EU Agency for large-scale IT systems, [eu-LISA](http://www.eulisa.europa.eu/), is responsible for the operational management of VIS. ## Who can access VIS? Competent visa authorities may consult the VIS for the purpose of examining applications and decisions related thereto. The authorities responsible for carrying out checks at external borders and within the national territories have access to search the VIS for the purpose of verifying the identity of the person, the authenticity of the visa or whether the person meets the requirements for entering, staying in or residing within the national territories. Asylum authorities only have access to search the VIS for the purpose of determining the EU State responsible for the examination of an asylum application. In specific cases, national authorities and Europol may request access to data entered into the VIS for the purposes of preventing, detecting and investigating terrorist and criminal offences. ## How is my data in VIS protected? Access to VIS data is limited to authorised staff in the performance of their tasks. They must ensure that the use of VIS data is limited to that which is necessary, appropriate and proportionate for carrying out their tasks. Data is kept in the VIS for five years. This retention period starts from the expiry date of the issued visa, the date a negative decision is taken or the date a decision to modify an issued visa is taken. Any person has the right to be informed about his/her data in the VIS. Any person may request that inaccurate data about him/her is corrected and unlawfully recorded data is deleted. Each EU State must require a National Supervisory Authority to monitor the lawfulness of the processing of personal data by that country. The [European Data Protection Supervisor](http://www.edps.europa.eu/EDPSWEB/edps/lang/en/EDPS) will monitor the activities at European level. ## Key documents and legislation on Visa Information System (VIS) [List](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/visa-information-system/key-documents-and-legislation-vis_en) of key documents and legislation on VIS. 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Readable Markdown	Technology can play a key role in improving and reinforcing external borders. Over the past years, the EU has been developing large-scale IT systems for collecting, processing and sharing information relevant to external border management. The Visa Information System, which supports the implementation of the common EU visa policy, is one of these tools. ## What is VIS? The Visa Information System (VIS) [(consolidated version)](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02008R0767-20190611) allows [Schengen States](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/schengen-area_en) to exchange visa data. It consists of a central IT system and of a communication infrastructure that links this central system to national systems. VIS connects consulates in non-EU countries and all external border crossing points of Schengen States. It processes data and decisions relating to applications for short-stay visas to visit, or to transit through, the Schengen Area. The system can perform biometric matching, primarily of fingerprints, for identification and verification purposes. ## What is the purpose of VIS? Facilitating checks and the issuance of visas: VIS enables border guards to verify that a person presenting a visa is its rightful holder and to identify persons found on the Schengen territory with no or fraudulent documents. Using biometric data to confirm a visa holder's identity allows for faster, more accurate and more secure checks. The system also facilitates the visa issuance process, particularly for frequent travellers. Fighting abuses: While the very large majority of visa holders follow the rules, abuses can also take place. For instance, VIS will help in fighting and preventing fraudulent behaviours, such as "visa shopping" (i.e. the practice of making further visa applications to other EU States when a first application has been rejected). Protecting travellers: Biometric technology enables the detection of travellers using another person's travel documents and protects travellers from identity theft. Helping with asylum applications: VIS makes it easier to determine which EU State is responsible for examining an asylum application and to examine such applications. Enhancing security: VIS assists in preventing, detecting and investigating terrorist offences and other serious criminal offences. ## How does it work in practice? 10 fingerprints and a digital photograph are collected from persons applying for a visa. These biometric data, along with data provided in the visa application form, are recorded in a secure central database. 10-digit finger scans are not required from children under the age of 12 or from people who physically cannot provide finger scans. Frequent travellers to the Schengen Area do not have to give new finger scans every time they apply for a new visa. Once finger scans are stored in VIS, they can be re-used for further visa applications over a 5-year period. At the Schengen Area's external borders, the visa holder's finger scans may be compared against those held in the database. A mismatch does not mean that entry will automatically be refused - it will merely lead to further checks on the traveller’s identity. ## Which countries use VIS and who operates it? As a Schengen instrument, VIS applies to all Schengen States (Denmark has decided to implement it). The EU Agency for large-scale IT systems, [eu-LISA](http://www.eulisa.europa.eu/), is responsible for the operational management of VIS. ## Who can access VIS? Competent visa authorities may consult the VIS for the purpose of examining applications and decisions related thereto. The authorities responsible for carrying out checks at external borders and within the national territories have access to search the VIS for the purpose of verifying the identity of the person, the authenticity of the visa or whether the person meets the requirements for entering, staying in or residing within the national territories. Asylum authorities only have access to search the VIS for the purpose of determining the EU State responsible for the examination of an asylum application. In specific cases, national authorities and Europol may request access to data entered into the VIS for the purposes of preventing, detecting and investigating terrorist and criminal offences. ## How is my data in VIS protected? Access to VIS data is limited to authorised staff in the performance of their tasks. They must ensure that the use of VIS data is limited to that which is necessary, appropriate and proportionate for carrying out their tasks. Data is kept in the VIS for five years. This retention period starts from the expiry date of the issued visa, the date a negative decision is taken or the date a decision to modify an issued visa is taken. Any person has the right to be informed about his/her data in the VIS. Any person may request that inaccurate data about him/her is corrected and unlawfully recorded data is deleted. Each EU State must require a National Supervisory Authority to monitor the lawfulness of the processing of personal data by that country. The [European Data Protection Supervisor](http://www.edps.europa.eu/EDPSWEB/edps/lang/en/EDPS) will monitor the activities at European level. ## Key documents and legislation on Visa Information System (VIS) [List](https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/visa-information-system/key-documents-and-legislation-vis_en) of key documents and legislation on VIS.
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