🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 143 (from laksa183)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa143.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://health.clevelandclinic.org/the-link-between-covid-and-depression\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://health.clevelandclinic.org/the-link-between-covid-and-depression\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/the-link-between-covid-and-depression","crawl_time":1776360319,"first_indexed_time":1731908248,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"org,clevelandclinic!health,\/the-link-between-covid-and-depression s443","src_root_hash":"9889140825964526943","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"The Link Between COVID-19 and Depression","meta_descriptions":["Research shows a connection between COVID-19, long COVID and depression. Post-COVID depression can come on months after physical symptoms improve."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"It can take weeks, months or even longer to physically recover from COVID-19. But if you still feel “not right” after the coughing, fever, congestion and other symptoms have gone away, there could be reason for it.\nThe virus may have affected your mental health.\n“We know that viral infections like the flu can lead to post-viral depression,” says psychiatrist\nJack Owens, MD\n. “It makes sense — and ongoing research is showing — that some people develop depression, anxiety or other mental health issues after they’ve had COVID-19.”\nWhat exactly is the connection? Dr. Owens shares what we know.\nCan COVID-19 cause depression?\nIn short, yes, COVID-19 can cause depression.\nA\nstudy\nfound that people with no prior history of a mental health disorder were up to 8% more likely to develop\ndepression, anxiety\nor other mental health symptoms within two weeks to three months after a COVID-19 infection. The risk was twice as high in those who already had a mental health disorder.\nOther research\nindicates that many people experience mental health issues six months after being ill:\nAbout 90% of people (9 in 10) who were hospitalized with\nCOVID-19\nAbout 25% (1 in 4) in nonhospitalized adults\nThe\nrisk of depression remains high\nfor up to a year after a COVID-19 illness, regardless of your past mental health history.\n“Even people who feel fine physically may find themselves struggling to sleep, concentrate or enjoy life the way they used to before they got COVID-19,” notes Dr. Owens.\n5 ways COVID-19 causes depression\nWe know that stress and isolation during the pandemic\nnegatively impacted mental health\n. But researchers are now examining the connection between COVID-19 and depression, beyond the effects of the pandemic.\nDr. Owens shares five factors that may be at play, as well as steps to take if you develop post-viral depression.\n1. Inflammation\nInflammation may cause changes in your brain that trigger depression or anxiety.\nHere’s how.\nCOVID-19 causes your\nimmune system\nto flood your body with chemicals called cytokines. A “cytokine storm” can cause\ninflammation\nthroughout your body, including your brain.\nStudies\nsuggest that people with high levels of cytokines are more likely to have a severe case of COVID-19, as well as develop a mental health disorder.\n2. Damage to brain cells\nThe COVID-19 virus and the inflammation it causes may damage brain cells (neurons) and supportive cells (glial cells) that are crucial for brain activity and repair.\nResearchers\nbelieve this damage may contribute to depression, anxiety and COVID-19 symptoms, like:\n3. Lowered mood-boosting chemicals\nOne\nstudy\nfound that people with\nlong COVID\nhad lower levels of\nserotonin\n— a natural mood booster that’s key to regulating emotions, memory and other brain functions.\nPeople with long COVID have symptoms like\nheadaches\nand difficulty thinking that last for three months or longer.\n“You may get anxious and depressed if it’s months after your illness ‘should be’ over and you still feel unwell,” Dr. Owens says.\nDepression and anxiety occur frequently in people with long COVID. So much so that many experts now consider them to be long COVID symptoms, rather than a result of having the illness.\n4. Effects on blood sugar\nAnother\nstudy\nshowed that COVID-19 affected the brain’s ability to use blood sugar (glucose).\nBlood sugar\nis your brain’s primary source of energy. Study participants with lower-than-usual blood sugar levels had pain,\ninsomnia\n, memory issues and other persistent symptoms up to three weeks after a COVID-19 diagnosis.\nAltogether, these conditions can also play a role in developing mental health issues.\n5. Impacts on your life\nIn addition to the biological effects of COVID-19, being sick can lead to financial worries due to missed work and medical bills. It can be isolating. And stressful. All of which can trigger mental health concerns.\n“People who don’t have the financial means or social support to see them through an illness may have a higher risk for depression or anxiety after they recover,” Dr. Owens shares.\nSigns of post-COVID depression\nDepression after COVID-19 causes the same symptoms as depression without illness — with a few exceptions.\n“Some people with post-virus depression may feel guilty or blame themselves for getting sick,” Dr. Owens points out.\nOther common\nsigns of depression\ninclude:\nAppetite changes that may lead to unintended weight loss or gain\nChanges to facial expressions, such as being slow to smile\nDifficulty concentrating, thinking or remembering (brain fog)\nFatigue or low energy\nFeelings of hopelessness\nLoss of interest in activities that usually bring joy\nPoor sleep (insomnia)\nIn some instances, severe depression can lead to:\nSigns of post-COVID anxiety\nThe signs of anxiety and COVID-induced anxiety are also similar.\nDr. Owens notes that someone who develops anxiety after COVID-19 may worry about getting sick again or developing long COVID. If you were hospitalized, you may keep thinking about or reliving the hospital experience.\nOther\nsigns of anxiety\ninclude:\nDifficulty relaxing or enjoying oneself\nFeeling nervous, restless or on edge (irritable)\nPoor or unusual responses to stressful situations\nSlowed thinking.\nHelp for post-COVID depression\nGet help if depression symptoms negatively impact your life or persist for two weeks. Your primary care provider can be a good first step and may help you\nfind a therapist\nor\npsychiatrist\n.\nDepending on the severity of your symptoms, you may benefit from\ntherapy\n, such as\npsychotherapy\n(talk therapy), medications, like\nantidepressants\nand anti-anxiety drugs, or a combination of the two.\nThese steps can also help\nprotect your mental health\nwhen you’re sick with COVID-19 or recovering:\nGet well soon(er)\nThe stress of being sick with COVID-19 can make you feel like you’re on an emotional rollercoaster. It’s common to feel worried, sad or tired when you’re not feeling well. Be kind to yourself and give your body and mind time to heal.\n“Your physical and mental health greatly affect each other,” Dr. Owens reminds us. “Most people feel better mentally as COVID-induced inflammation and other physical symptoms subside. If that’s not true for you, talk to your provider so you can get the care you need.”","attrs_markdown":"Locations:\n\n[Abu Dhabi](https:\/\/www.clevelandclinicabudhabi.ae\/)\\|[Canada](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/canada)\\|[Florida](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/florida)\\|[London](https:\/\/clevelandcliniclondon.uk\/)\\|[Nevada](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/locations\/nevada)\\|[Ohio](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/)\\|\n\n![Gray gradient](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/_next\/static\/media\/gray-gradient-left-16.59910877.svg?w=32&q=75)![Gray gradient](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/_next\/static\/media\/gray-gradient-right-32.dd7ce4e5.svg?w=64&q=75)\n\n- [Health Essentials](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/)\n- [Health Library](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health)\n- [Find a Provider](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/providers)\n- [Make an Appointment](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/patients\/information\/access)\n- [News](https:\/\/newsroom.clevelandclinic.org\/)\n- [Careers](https:\/\/jobs.clevelandclinic.org\/)\n- [Contact Us](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/contact-us)\n\n[![Cleveland Clinic logo](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/_next\/static\/media\/logo-ccf.1e52a22b.svg?w=3840&q=75)](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/)[![Cleveland Clinic icon](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/_next\/static\/media\/CCFLogo.000428c6.svg?w=3840&q=75)](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/)\n\n[![Health Essentials logo](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/_next\/static\/media\/HealthEssentials.b811bb06.svg?w=3840&q=75)](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/)\n\n![](https:\/\/zdbb.net\/l\/Dnl1wmWs8xCCpvWNCt9Egf\/?w=16&q=75)\n\n![Search Icon](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/_next\/static\/media\/search--green.d4218f47.svg?w=64&q=75)\n\nSearch\n\nAdvertisement\n\nAdvertisement\n\nNovember 18, 2024\/[Health Conditions](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/health-conditions)\/[Cold, Flu & Respiratory Illnesses](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/health-conditions\/cold-flu-respiratory-illnesses)\n\n# Having COVID-19 May Increase Your Risk of Depression\nA COVID-19 infection can bring on depression or anxiety months after physical symptoms go away\n\n![Person lying stomach down on bed, head on crossed arms, staring into the distance](https:\/\/assets.clevelandclinic.org\/transform\/LargeFeatureImage\/7c625131-6eaf-4b1b-8f58-e0b9f402ae86\/depressedPerson-1421877961)\n\n**Image content:** This image is available to view online.\n\nView image online (https:\/\/assets.clevelandclinic.org\/transform\/7c625131-6eaf-4b1b-8f58-e0b9f402ae86\/depressedPerson-1421877961)\n\nPerson lying stomach down on bed, head on crossed arms, staring into the distance\n\nIt can take weeks, months or even longer to physically recover from COVID-19. But if you still feel “not right” after the coughing, fever, congestion and other symptoms have gone away, there could be reason for it.\n\nAdvertisement\n\nCleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. [Policy](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/advertising)\n\nThe virus may have affected your mental health.\n\n“We know that viral infections like the flu can lead to post-viral depression,” says psychiatrist [Jack Owens, MD](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/staff\/23781-jack-owens). “It makes sense — and ongoing research is showing — that some people develop depression, anxiety or other mental health issues after they’ve had COVID-19.”\n\nWhat exactly is the connection? Dr. Owens shares what we know.\n\n## Can COVID-19 cause depression?\nIn short, yes, COVID-19 can cause depression.\n\nA [study](https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lanpsy\/article\/PIIS2215-0366\\(20\\)30462-4\/fulltext) found that people with no prior history of a mental health disorder were up to 8% more likely to develop [depression, anxiety](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/anxiety-vs-depression-which-do-i-have-or-both) or other mental health symptoms within two weeks to three months after a COVID-19 infection. The risk was twice as high in those who already had a mental health disorder.\n\n[Other research](https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamapsychiatry\/fullarticle\/2793903) indicates that many people experience mental health issues six months after being ill:\n\n- About 90% of people (9 in 10) who were hospitalized with [COVID-19](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/21214-coronavirus-covid-19)\n- About 25% (1 in 4) in nonhospitalized adults\n\nThe [risk of depression remains high](https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/376\/bmj-2021-068993) for up to a year after a COVID-19 illness, regardless of your past mental health history.\n\n“Even people who feel fine physically may find themselves struggling to sleep, concentrate or enjoy life the way they used to before they got COVID-19,” notes Dr. Owens.\n\nAdvertisement\n\n### 5 ways COVID-19 causes depression\nWe know that stress and isolation during the pandemic [negatively impacted mental health](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/how-the-ongoing-covid-19-pandemic-is-taking-a-toll-on-mental-health). But researchers are now examining the connection between COVID-19 and depression, beyond the effects of the pandemic.\n\nDr. Owens shares five factors that may be at play, as well as steps to take if you develop post-viral depression.\n\n#### 1\\. Inflammation\nInflammation may cause changes in your brain that trigger depression or anxiety.\n\nHere’s how.\n\nCOVID-19 causes your [immune system](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/strengthen-your-immune-system-with-simple-strategies) to flood your body with chemicals called cytokines. A “cytokine storm” can cause [inflammation](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/symptoms\/21660-inflammation) throughout your body, including your brain.\n\n[Studies](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7390748\/) suggest that people with high levels of cytokines are more likely to have a severe case of COVID-19, as well as develop a mental health disorder.\n\n#### 2\\. Damage to brain cells\nThe COVID-19 virus and the inflammation it causes may damage brain cells (neurons) and supportive cells (glial cells) that are crucial for brain activity and repair.\n\n[Researchers](https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0896627322009102) believe this damage may contribute to depression, anxiety and COVID-19 symptoms, like:\n\n- [Brain fog](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/brain-fog)\n- [COVID-19 fatigue](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/covid-fatigue)\n- [Memory loss](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/memory-loss-causes)\n#### 3\\. Lowered mood-boosting chemicals\nOne [study](https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0092867423010346?via%3Dihub) found that people with [long COVID](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/25111-long-covid) had lower levels of [serotonin](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/articles\/22572-serotonin) — a natural mood booster that’s key to regulating emotions, memory and other brain functions.\n\nPeople with long COVID have symptoms like [headaches](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/long-covid-headaches) and difficulty thinking that last for three months or longer.\n\n“You may get anxious and depressed if it’s months after your illness ‘should be’ over and you still feel unwell,” Dr. Owens says.\n\nDepression and anxiety occur frequently in people with long COVID. So much so that many experts now consider them to be long COVID symptoms, rather than a result of having the illness.\n\n#### 4\\. Effects on blood sugar\nAnother [study](https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00259-021-05215-4) showed that COVID-19 affected the brain’s ability to use blood sugar (glucose).\n\n[Blood sugar](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/how-to-lower-blood-sugar) is your brain’s primary source of energy. Study participants with lower-than-usual blood sugar levels had pain, [insomnia](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/covid-insomnia), memory issues and other persistent symptoms up to three weeks after a COVID-19 diagnosis.\n\nAltogether, these conditions can also play a role in developing mental health issues.\n\n#### 5\\. Impacts on your life\nIn addition to the biological effects of COVID-19, being sick can lead to financial worries due to missed work and medical bills. It can be isolating. And stressful. All of which can trigger mental health concerns.\n\n“People who don’t have the financial means or social support to see them through an illness may have a higher risk for depression or anxiety after they recover,” Dr. Owens shares.\n\nAdvertisement\n\n### Signs of post-COVID depression\nDepression after COVID-19 causes the same symptoms as depression without illness — with a few exceptions.\n\n“Some people with post-virus depression may feel guilty or blame themselves for getting sick,” Dr. Owens points out.\n\nOther common [signs of depression](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/what-does-depression-feel-like) include:\n\n- Appetite changes that may lead to unintended weight loss or gain\n- Changes to facial expressions, such as being slow to smile\n- Difficulty concentrating, thinking or remembering (brain fog)\n- Fatigue or low energy\n- Feelings of hopelessness\n- Loss of interest in activities that usually bring joy\n- Poor sleep (insomnia)\n\nIn some instances, severe depression can lead to:\n\n- [Self-harm](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/12201-self-harm)\n- [Substance misuse or abuse](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/dual-diagnosis-why-substance-abuse-worsens-your-mental-health)\n- [Suicidal ideation](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/articles\/suicide)\n#### Signs of post-COVID anxiety\nThe signs of anxiety and COVID-induced anxiety are also similar.\n\nDr. Owens notes that someone who develops anxiety after COVID-19 may worry about getting sick again or developing long COVID. If you were hospitalized, you may keep thinking about or reliving the hospital experience.\n\nOther [signs of anxiety](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/signs-of-anxiety) include:\n\n- Difficulty relaxing or enjoying oneself\n- Feeling nervous, restless or on edge (irritable)\n- Poor or unusual responses to stressful situations\n- Slowed thinking.\n### Help for post-COVID depression\nGet help if depression symptoms negatively impact your life or persist for two weeks. Your primary care provider can be a good first step and may help you [find a therapist](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/how-to-find-a-therapist) or [psychiatrist](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/articles\/22702-psychiatrist).\n\nAdvertisement\n\nDepending on the severity of your symptoms, you may benefit from [therapy](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/how-to-start-therapy), such as [psychotherapy](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/treatments\/23445-psychotherapy) (talk therapy), medications, like [antidepressants](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/treatments\/9301-antidepressants-depression-medication) and anti-anxiety drugs, or a combination of the two.\n\nThese steps can also help [protect your mental health](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/coping-with-covid-19-6-tips-to-protect-your-mental-health-when-youre-sick) when you’re sick with COVID-19 or recovering:\n\n- [Eat nutritious](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/how-to-balance-a-healthy-diet-during-self-isolation) [foods that fight inflammation](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/9-diet-tips-to-help-you-fight-inflammation).\n- Find [healthy ways to relieve stress](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/how-to-relieve-stress).\n- [Improve your sleep](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/how-sleeping-better-can-give-your-brain-a-big-boost-and-tips-for-making-that-happen).\n- Limit alcohol.\n- Practice [meditation](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/how-to-meditate-and-top-benefits), [mindfulness](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/practice-mindfulness-to-improve-your-well-being-11-tips) or [restorative yoga](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/restorative-yoga).\n- [Stop doomscrolling](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/everything-you-need-to-know-about-doomscrolling-and-how-to-avoid-it).\n#### Get well soon(er)\nThe stress of being sick with COVID-19 can make you feel like you’re on an emotional rollercoaster. It’s common to feel worried, sad or tired when you’re not feeling well. Be kind to yourself and give your body and mind time to heal.\n\n“Your physical and mental health greatly affect each other,” Dr. Owens reminds us. “Most people feel better mentally as COVID-induced inflammation and other physical symptoms subside. If that’s not true for you, talk to your provider so you can get the care you need.”\n\nAdvertisement\n\n[![Cleveland Clinic logo](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/_next\/static\/media\/logo-ccf.1e52a22b.svg?w=3840&q=75)](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/)[![Cleveland Clinic icon](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/_next\/static\/media\/CCFLogo.000428c6.svg?w=3840&q=75)](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/)\n\n[![Health Essentials logo](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/_next\/static\/media\/HealthEssentials.b811bb06.svg?w=3840&q=75)](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/)\n\n![Subscription icon](https:\/\/assets.clevelandclinic.org\/transform\/482db8cd-aa1e-45b5-a2a4-cf6aa5e5d2d4\/Health-Essentials?w=256&q=75)\n\n## Better health starts here\nSign up for our Health Essentials emails for expert guidance on nutrition, fitness, sleep, skin care and more.\n\n[Example email](https:\/\/assets.clevelandclinic.org\/transform\/2ff943a2-abb1-4a1c-8ede-f8848703e789\/HealthEssentials-SampleEmail-2026)[Sign up](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health-essentials-sign-up)\n\n[Sign up](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health-essentials-sign-up)[Example email](https:\/\/assets.clevelandclinic.org\/transform\/2ff943a2-abb1-4a1c-8ede-f8848703e789\/HealthEssentials-SampleEmail-2026)\n\nLearn more about our [editorial process](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/about\/website\/editorial-policy).\n\nHealth Library\n\nCOVID-19 (Coronavirus)\n\n[What Is COVID-19?](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/21214-coronavirus-covid-19#what-is-covid-19)\n\n[Symptoms and Causes](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/21214-coronavirus-covid-19#symptoms-and-causes)\n\n[Diagnosis and Tests](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/21214-coronavirus-covid-19#diagnosis-and-tests)\n\n[Management and Treatment](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/21214-coronavirus-covid-19#management-and-treatment)\n\n[Outlook \/ Prognosis](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/21214-coronavirus-covid-19#outlook-prognosis)\n\nHealth Library\n\nCOVID-19 (Coronavirus)\n\n[What Is COVID-19?](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/21214-coronavirus-covid-19#what-is-covid-19)\n\n[Symptoms and Causes](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/21214-coronavirus-covid-19#symptoms-and-causes)\n\n[Diagnosis and Tests](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/21214-coronavirus-covid-19#diagnosis-and-tests)\n\n[Management and Treatment](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/21214-coronavirus-covid-19#management-and-treatment)\n\n[Outlook \/ Prognosis](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/21214-coronavirus-covid-19#outlook-prognosis)\n\nAdvertisement\n\n## Related Articles\n[![Hand holding foot with COVID toe](https:\/\/assets.clevelandclinic.org\/transform\/StoryPanel\/0c689e28-c622-4c60-bcaa-76aeee89c137\/covid-toes-1250715080?w=3840&q=75)](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/covid-rashes)\n\nFebruary 5, 2026\/[Infectious Disease](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/health-conditions\/infectious-disease)\n\n### [COVID Toes, COVID Rashes and Other Skin Complications: A Quick Guide](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/covid-rashes)\nhttps:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/covid-rashes\n\nChilblain-like skin lesions and rashes are mild (and rare) complications of many viral infections, not just COVID-19\n\n[![Fashionable older person blowing into a mug, looking out window](https:\/\/assets.clevelandclinic.org\/transform\/StoryPanel\/e0ba7442-cd5d-43f1-9c24-7862ab757401\/elder-drink-tea-look-out-window-sick-2230297803?w=3840&q=75)](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/covid-guidelines)\n\nOctober 3, 2025\/[Infectious Disease](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/health-conditions\/infectious-disease)\n\n### [Understanding COVID-19 Guidelines](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/covid-guidelines)\nhttps:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/covid-guidelines\n\nMost can return to work or school when they’re symptom-free for 24 hours\n\n[![People showing COVID-19 prevention techniques, like washing hands, masking and getting vaccines](https:\/\/assets.clevelandclinic.org\/transform\/StoryPanel\/9b08d817-f203-4a57-b035-27e743e189ce\/covid19-prevention-1315609873?w=3840&q=75)](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/coronavirus-tips-prevention-and-safety-for-everyday-life)\n\nJune 30, 2025\/[Infectious Disease](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/health-conditions\/infectious-disease)\n\n### [Coronavirus Tips: Prevention and Safety for Everyday Life](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/coronavirus-tips-prevention-and-safety-for-everyday-life)\nhttps:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/coronavirus-tips-prevention-and-safety-for-everyday-life\n\nCovering your mouth when you cough and staying home when you’re sick are a couple ways to help keep yourself and others COVID-free\n\n[![Vitamin D capsules backlit by sunlight](https:\/\/assets.clevelandclinic.org\/transform\/StoryPanel\/82cd452e-d5a4-4d13-bab5-1558b2a58ce4\/vitaminDcovid19b-1145207411-770x533-1_jpg?w=3840&q=75)](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/can-vitamin-d-prevent-covid-19)\n\nMay 13, 2025\/[Infectious Disease](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/health-conditions\/infectious-disease)\n\n### [What To Know About Vitamin D and COVID-19](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/can-vitamin-d-prevent-covid-19)\nhttps:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/can-vitamin-d-prevent-covid-19\n\nThis vital nutrient supports your health, but its role in COVID-19 prevention and treatment isn’t proven\n\n[![Glass of water on table, with medicine bottle of purple capsules, and capsules on table](https:\/\/assets.clevelandclinic.org\/transform\/StoryPanel\/1e3393bf-e312-4ad0-952f-bdaa034966a1\/melatonin-2158208220?w=3840&q=75)](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/can-melatonin-help-treat-covid-19)\n\nNovember 27, 2024\/[Infectious Disease](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/health-conditions\/infectious-disease)\n\n### [Can Melatonin Help Treat COVID-19?](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/can-melatonin-help-treat-covid-19)\nhttps:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/can-melatonin-help-treat-covid-19\n\nStudies have shown promising results, but additional research is needed\n\n[![Healthcare provider examining person's throat in office, with oversized germs around](https:\/\/assets.clevelandclinic.org\/transform\/StoryPanel\/adad54c1-c240-45fd-a693-ec5434cb9784\/thorat-checkup-patient-doctor-covid-1412852052-r?w=3840&q=75)](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/what-is-covid-19-voice-and-what-causes-it)\n\nNovember 21, 2024\/[Infectious Disease](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/health-conditions\/infectious-disease)\n\n### [How Laryngitis and COVID-19 Can Impact Your Voice](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/what-is-covid-19-voice-and-what-causes-it)\nhttps:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/what-is-covid-19-voice-and-what-causes-it\n\nInfection and inflammation can cause you to lose your voice and have other voice changes until you’re fully healed\n\n[![Person in mask and medical coveralls handling COVID-19 vials with gloved hands](https:\/\/assets.clevelandclinic.org\/transform\/StoryPanel\/b426f571-6d27-4780-8378-ddf89076ed16\/scientist-testing-1214032243?w=3840&q=75)](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/what-does-it-mean-that-the-coronavirus-is-mutating)\n\nNovember 14, 2024\/[Infectious Disease](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/health-conditions\/infectious-disease)\n\n### [COVID-19 Variants: What’s New and Why We’re Still Concerned](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/what-does-it-mean-that-the-coronavirus-is-mutating)\nhttps:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/what-does-it-mean-that-the-coronavirus-is-mutating\n\nJust like the flu, COVID-19 continues to evolve every year with new and smarter variants\n\n[![Scientist\/lab tech in lab wearing mask and white coat working, with test tubes on counter](https:\/\/assets.clevelandclinic.org\/transform\/StoryPanel\/9337de81-39cf-4953-9cc8-2de8f1103c9b\/scientist-research-1261588129?w=3840&q=75)](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/flirt-covid-variants)\n\nNovember 11, 2024\/[Infectious Disease](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/health-conditions\/infectious-disease)\n\n### [FLiRT COVID Variants: What To Know](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/flirt-covid-variants)\nhttps:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/flirt-covid-variants\n\nThe latest omicron subvariants carry specific mutations that may allow the SARS-CoV-2 virus to be better at evading immune protection\n\n## Trending Topics\n[![Person walking outdoors, looking at smartphone](https:\/\/assets.clevelandclinic.org\/transform\/StoryPanel\/c10f2c1c-3976-499f-b183-d6facbc668eb\/california-sober-1133287692?w=3840&q=75)](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/what-is-cali-sober)\n\n[Mental Health](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/health-conditions\/mental-health)\n\n### [What Does It Mean To Be ‘California Sober’?](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/what-is-cali-sober)\nhttps:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/what-is-cali-sober\n\nThis ‘harm reduction’ approach to sobriety involves subbing one substance for another — a method that isn’t backed by research\n\n[![Caregiver applying makeup to smiling teen](https:\/\/assets.clevelandclinic.org\/transform\/StoryPanel\/d46853f3-4bcf-483b-a969-21e217e1d467\/mom-and-teen-makeup-fun-2253970391?w=3840&q=75)](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/does-your-child-want-to-wear-makeup-5-things-you-should-know)\n\n[Children’s Health](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/living-healthy\/childrens-health)\n\n### [Is It OK for Your Kid To Wear Makeup? 5 Things To Consider](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/does-your-child-want-to-wear-makeup-5-things-you-should-know)\nhttps:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/does-your-child-want-to-wear-makeup-5-things-you-should-know\n\nEducate your child about body image, expectations and skin care first\n\n[![Person in long-sleeve swimwear, scratching at their itchy wrist](https:\/\/assets.clevelandclinic.org\/transform\/StoryPanel\/f861debb-bad0-4b41-a55d-e23757918e2b\/chlorine-reaction-pool-1521871387?w=3840&q=75)](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/chlorine-rash)\n\n[Skin Care & Beauty](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/health-conditions\/skin-care-beauty)\n\n### [Is That a Chlorine Rash? What Your Skin Is Telling You](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/chlorine-rash)\nhttps:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/chlorine-rash\n\nA true chlorine allergy is extremely rare — it’s far more likely that you have a damaged skin barrier\n\n## Health Categories To Explore\n[![Brain & Nervous System Icon](https:\/\/assets.clevelandclinic.org\/transform\/StoryPanel\/a1fee7a1-b531-4bb5-83f8-2ace3380adeb\/icon-Brain-and-Nervous-System?w=128&q=75)](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/health-conditions\/brain-nervous-system)[Brain & Nervous System](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/health-conditions\/brain-nervous-system)\n\n[![Children's Health Icon](https:\/\/assets.clevelandclinic.org\/transform\/StoryPanel\/03fb80e3-5678-49ca-bc45-2a9c89ce8b44\/icon-Childrens-Health?w=128&q=75)](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/living-healthy\/childrens-health)[Children’s Health](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/living-healthy\/childrens-health)\n\n[![Exercise & Fitness Icon](https:\/\/assets.clevelandclinic.org\/transform\/StoryPanel\/9b53a14f-4ea0-42f6-bcd7-ad4296165115\/icon-Exercise-and-Fitness?w=128&q=75)](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/diet-food-fitness\/exercise-fitness)[Exercise & Fitness](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/diet-food-fitness\/exercise-fitness)\n\n[![Heart Health Icon](https:\/\/assets.clevelandclinic.org\/transform\/StoryPanel\/317a9fd3-ba2c-4be2-a62d-6c975f3e34bc\/icon-Heart-Health?w=128&q=75)](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/health-conditions\/heart-health)[Heart Health](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/health-conditions\/heart-health)\n\n[![Men's Health Icon](https:\/\/assets.clevelandclinic.org\/transform\/StoryPanel\/6ed57815-f52e-414d-9365-8e9de2652dad\/icon-Mens-Health?w=128&q=75)](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/living-healthy\/mens-health)[Men’s Health](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/living-healthy\/mens-health)\n\n[![Mental Health Icon](https:\/\/assets.clevelandclinic.org\/transform\/StoryPanel\/18ae6927-4315-4483-ba6c-6110bc55adeb\/icon-Mental-Health?w=128&q=75)](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/health-conditions\/mental-health)[Mental Health](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/health-conditions\/mental-health)\n\n[![Nutrition Icon](https:\/\/assets.clevelandclinic.org\/transform\/StoryPanel\/4a145348-0fa2-410f-9c8d-d7e349ef85e3\/icon-Nutrition?w=128&q=75)](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/diet-food-fitness\/nutrition)[Nutrition](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/diet-food-fitness\/nutrition)\n\n[![Orthopaedics icon](https:\/\/assets.clevelandclinic.org\/transform\/StoryPanel\/58879694-6694-467f-b5b4-f00c3b2d31cd\/icon-Orthopaedics?w=128&q=75)](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/health-conditions\/orthopaedics)[Orthopaedics](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/health-conditions\/orthopaedics)\n\n[![Primary Care Icon](https:\/\/assets.clevelandclinic.org\/transform\/StoryPanel\/d7cc1738-82a9-4276-a77d-39ffbab8dea4\/icon-Primary-Care?w=128&q=75)](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/living-healthy\/primary-care)[Primary Care](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/living-healthy\/primary-care)\n\n[![Skincare & beauty icon](https:\/\/assets.clevelandclinic.org\/transform\/StoryPanel\/67b83514-1b4b-491f-91c9-f5e7b0f33908\/icon-Skin-Care-Beauty?w=128&q=75)](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/health-conditions\/skin-care-beauty)[Skin Care & Beauty](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/health-conditions\/skin-care-beauty)\n\n[![Wellness Icon](https:\/\/assets.clevelandclinic.org\/transform\/StoryPanel\/9a1f6d33-6953-4a1a-9ca1-5bbd42bbe347\/icon-Wellness?w=128&q=75)](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/living-healthy\/wellness)[Wellness](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/living-healthy\/wellness)\n\n[![Women's Health Icon](https:\/\/assets.clevelandclinic.org\/transform\/StoryPanel\/5dce7def-dda0-4421-9205-be0cf83bc800\/icon-Womens-Health?w=128&q=75)](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/living-healthy\/womens-health)[Women’s Health](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/living-healthy\/womens-health)\n\n### Other Popular Categories\n[Aging Well](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/living-healthy\/aging-well)[Allergies](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/health-conditions\/allergies)[Cancer Care & Prevention](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/health-conditions\/cancer-care-prevention)[Chronic Pain](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/health-conditions\/chronic-pain)[Cold, Flu & Respiratory Illnesses](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/health-conditions\/cold-flu-respiratory-illnesses)[Diabetes & Endocrinology](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/health-conditions\/diabetes-endocrinology)[Digestive](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/health-conditions\/digestive-health)[Ear, Nose & Throat](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/health-conditions\/ear-nose-throat)[Eye Care](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/health-conditions\/eye-care)[Infectious Disease](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/health-conditions\/infectious-disease)[Lung](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/health-conditions\/lung-health)[Oral Health](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/health-conditions\/oral-health)[Parenting](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/living-healthy\/parenting-category)[Pregnancy & Childbirth](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/living-healthy\/pregnancy-childbirth)[Recipes](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/diet-food-fitness\/recipes)[Rheumatology & Immunology](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/health-conditions\/rheumatology-immunology)[Senior Health](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/living-healthy\/senior-health)[Sex & Relationships](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/living-healthy\/sex-relationships)[Sleep](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/living-healthy\/sleep)[Urinary & Kidney Health](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/health-conditions\/urinary-kidney-health)[Weight Loss](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/diet-food-fitness\/weight-loss)\n\nAd\n\nRendered: Thu Apr 16 2026 17:25:20 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)\n\n#### Cleveland Clinic\n[Home](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/)[About Cleveland Clinic](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/about)[Careers at Cleveland Clinic](https:\/\/jobs.clevelandclinic.org\/)[Giving](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/giving)[Community Outreach](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/about\/community\/government-relations)[Research & Innovations](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/research)[Health Library](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health)[Free Health eNewsletters](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health-essentials-newsletter?utm_medium=email&utm_source=jotform&utm_campaign=he&utm_content=signuppage)[Resources for Medical Professionals](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/professionals)[Media Relations](https:\/\/newsroom.clevelandclinic.org\/)\n\n#### Site Information & Policies\n[Send Us Feedback](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/webmail)[About this Website](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/about\/website)[Advertising Policy](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/advertising\/)[Social Media Policy](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/about\/website\/social-media)[Copyright, Reprints & Licensing](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/about\/website\/reprints-licensing)[Website Terms of Use](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/about\/website\/terms-of-use)[Website Privacy Policy](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/about\/website\/privacy-security)[Notice of Privacy Practices](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/about\/website\/privacy-practices)[Non-Discrimination and Availability](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/about\/website\/non-discrimination-notice)\n\n#### Resources\n[Mobile Apps](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/mobile-apps)[Podcasts](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/podcasts\/health-essentials)\n\n9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 \\| [800\\.223.2273](tel:8002232273) \\| © 2026 Cleveland Clinic. All Rights Reserved.","attrs_readable_markdown":"It can take weeks, months or even longer to physically recover from COVID-19. But if you still feel “not right” after the coughing, fever, congestion and other symptoms have gone away, there could be reason for it.\n\nThe virus may have affected your mental health.\n\n“We know that viral infections like the flu can lead to post-viral depression,” says psychiatrist [Jack Owens, MD](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/staff\/23781-jack-owens). “It makes sense — and ongoing research is showing — that some people develop depression, anxiety or other mental health issues after they’ve had COVID-19.”\n\nWhat exactly is the connection? Dr. Owens shares what we know.\n\n## Can COVID-19 cause depression?\nIn short, yes, COVID-19 can cause depression.\n\nA [study](https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lanpsy\/article\/PIIS2215-0366\\(20\\)30462-4\/fulltext) found that people with no prior history of a mental health disorder were up to 8% more likely to develop [depression, anxiety](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/anxiety-vs-depression-which-do-i-have-or-both) or other mental health symptoms within two weeks to three months after a COVID-19 infection. The risk was twice as high in those who already had a mental health disorder.\n\n[Other research](https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamapsychiatry\/fullarticle\/2793903) indicates that many people experience mental health issues six months after being ill:\n\n- About 90% of people (9 in 10) who were hospitalized with [COVID-19](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/21214-coronavirus-covid-19)\n- About 25% (1 in 4) in nonhospitalized adults\n\nThe [risk of depression remains high](https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/376\/bmj-2021-068993) for up to a year after a COVID-19 illness, regardless of your past mental health history.\n\n“Even people who feel fine physically may find themselves struggling to sleep, concentrate or enjoy life the way they used to before they got COVID-19,” notes Dr. Owens.\n\n### 5 ways COVID-19 causes depression\nWe know that stress and isolation during the pandemic [negatively impacted mental health](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/how-the-ongoing-covid-19-pandemic-is-taking-a-toll-on-mental-health). But researchers are now examining the connection between COVID-19 and depression, beyond the effects of the pandemic.\n\nDr. Owens shares five factors that may be at play, as well as steps to take if you develop post-viral depression.\n\n#### 1\\. Inflammation\nInflammation may cause changes in your brain that trigger depression or anxiety.\n\nHere’s how.\n\nCOVID-19 causes your [immune system](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/strengthen-your-immune-system-with-simple-strategies) to flood your body with chemicals called cytokines. A “cytokine storm” can cause [inflammation](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/symptoms\/21660-inflammation) throughout your body, including your brain.\n\n[Studies](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7390748\/) suggest that people with high levels of cytokines are more likely to have a severe case of COVID-19, as well as develop a mental health disorder.\n\n#### 2\\. Damage to brain cells\nThe COVID-19 virus and the inflammation it causes may damage brain cells (neurons) and supportive cells (glial cells) that are crucial for brain activity and repair.\n\n[Researchers](https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0896627322009102) believe this damage may contribute to depression, anxiety and COVID-19 symptoms, like:\n\n#### 3\\. Lowered mood-boosting chemicals\nOne [study](https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0092867423010346?via%3Dihub) found that people with [long COVID](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/25111-long-covid) had lower levels of [serotonin](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/articles\/22572-serotonin) — a natural mood booster that’s key to regulating emotions, memory and other brain functions.\n\nPeople with long COVID have symptoms like [headaches](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/long-covid-headaches) and difficulty thinking that last for three months or longer.\n\n“You may get anxious and depressed if it’s months after your illness ‘should be’ over and you still feel unwell,” Dr. Owens says.\n\nDepression and anxiety occur frequently in people with long COVID. So much so that many experts now consider them to be long COVID symptoms, rather than a result of having the illness.\n\n#### 4\\. Effects on blood sugar\nAnother [study](https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00259-021-05215-4) showed that COVID-19 affected the brain’s ability to use blood sugar (glucose).\n\n[Blood sugar](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/how-to-lower-blood-sugar) is your brain’s primary source of energy. Study participants with lower-than-usual blood sugar levels had pain, [insomnia](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/covid-insomnia), memory issues and other persistent symptoms up to three weeks after a COVID-19 diagnosis.\n\nAltogether, these conditions can also play a role in developing mental health issues.\n\n#### 5\\. Impacts on your life\nIn addition to the biological effects of COVID-19, being sick can lead to financial worries due to missed work and medical bills. It can be isolating. And stressful. All of which can trigger mental health concerns.\n\n“People who don’t have the financial means or social support to see them through an illness may have a higher risk for depression or anxiety after they recover,” Dr. Owens shares.\n\n### Signs of post-COVID depression\nDepression after COVID-19 causes the same symptoms as depression without illness — with a few exceptions.\n\n“Some people with post-virus depression may feel guilty or blame themselves for getting sick,” Dr. Owens points out.\n\nOther common [signs of depression](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/what-does-depression-feel-like) include:\n\n- Appetite changes that may lead to unintended weight loss or gain\n- Changes to facial expressions, such as being slow to smile\n- Difficulty concentrating, thinking or remembering (brain fog)\n- Fatigue or low energy\n- Feelings of hopelessness\n- Loss of interest in activities that usually bring joy\n- Poor sleep (insomnia)\n\nIn some instances, severe depression can lead to:\n\n#### Signs of post-COVID anxiety\nThe signs of anxiety and COVID-induced anxiety are also similar.\n\nDr. Owens notes that someone who develops anxiety after COVID-19 may worry about getting sick again or developing long COVID. If you were hospitalized, you may keep thinking about or reliving the hospital experience.\n\nOther [signs of anxiety](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/signs-of-anxiety) include:\n\n- Difficulty relaxing or enjoying oneself\n- Feeling nervous, restless or on edge (irritable)\n- Poor or unusual responses to stressful situations\n- Slowed thinking.\n### Help for post-COVID depression\nGet help if depression symptoms negatively impact your life or persist for two weeks. Your primary care provider can be a good first step and may help you [find a therapist](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/how-to-find-a-therapist) or [psychiatrist](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/articles\/22702-psychiatrist).\n\nDepending on the severity of your symptoms, you may benefit from [therapy](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/how-to-start-therapy), such as [psychotherapy](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/treatments\/23445-psychotherapy) (talk therapy), medications, like [antidepressants](https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/treatments\/9301-antidepressants-depression-medication) and anti-anxiety drugs, or a combination of the two.\n\nThese steps can also help [protect your mental health](https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/coping-with-covid-19-6-tips-to-protect-your-mental-health-when-youre-sick) when you’re sick with COVID-19 or recovering:\n\n#### Get well soon(er)\nThe stress of being sick with COVID-19 can make you feel like you’re on an emotional rollercoaster. It’s common to feel worried, sad or tired when you’re not feeling well. Be kind to yourself and give your body and mind time to heal.\n\n“Your physical and mental health greatly affect each other,” Dr. Owens reminds us. “Most people feel better mentally as COVID-induced inflammation and other physical symptoms subside. If that’s not true for you, talk to your provider so you can get the care you need.”","meta_canonical":null}

3. Robots.txt Check

Query:

Response:

4. Spam/Ban Check

Query:

Response:

5. Seen Status Check

ℹ️ Skipped - page is already crawled

📄

INDEXABLE

✅

CRAWLED

3 days ago

🤖

ROBOTS ALLOWED

Page Info Filters

Filter	Status	Condition	Details
HTTP status	PASS	`download_http_code = 200`	HTTP 200
Age cutoff	PASS	`download_stamp > now() - 6 MONTH`	0.1 months ago
History drop	PASS	`isNull(history_drop_reason)`	No drop reason
Spam/ban	PASS	`fh_dont_index != 1 AND ml_spam_score = 0`	ml_spam_score=0
Canonical	PASS	`meta_canonical IS NULL OR = '' OR = src_unparsed`	Not set

Page Details

Property	Value
URL	https://health.clevelandclinic.org/the-link-between-covid-and-depression
Last Crawled	2026-04-16 17:25:19 (3 days ago)
First Indexed	2024-11-18 05:37:28 (1 year ago)
HTTP Status Code	200
Meta Title	The Link Between COVID-19 and Depression
Meta Description	Research shows a connection between COVID-19, long COVID and depression. Post-COVID depression can come on months after physical symptoms improve.
Meta Canonical	null
Boilerpipe Text	It can take weeks, months or even longer to physically recover from COVID-19. But if you still feel “not right” after the coughing, fever, congestion and other symptoms have gone away, there could be reason for it. The virus may have affected your mental health. “We know that viral infections like the flu can lead to post-viral depression,” says psychiatrist Jack Owens, MD . “It makes sense — and ongoing research is showing — that some people develop depression, anxiety or other mental health issues after they’ve had COVID-19.” What exactly is the connection? Dr. Owens shares what we know. Can COVID-19 cause depression? In short, yes, COVID-19 can cause depression. A study found that people with no prior history of a mental health disorder were up to 8% more likely to develop depression, anxiety or other mental health symptoms within two weeks to three months after a COVID-19 infection. The risk was twice as high in those who already had a mental health disorder. Other research indicates that many people experience mental health issues six months after being ill: About 90% of people (9 in 10) who were hospitalized with COVID-19 About 25% (1 in 4) in nonhospitalized adults The risk of depression remains high for up to a year after a COVID-19 illness, regardless of your past mental health history. “Even people who feel fine physically may find themselves struggling to sleep, concentrate or enjoy life the way they used to before they got COVID-19,” notes Dr. Owens. 5 ways COVID-19 causes depression We know that stress and isolation during the pandemic negatively impacted mental health . But researchers are now examining the connection between COVID-19 and depression, beyond the effects of the pandemic. Dr. Owens shares five factors that may be at play, as well as steps to take if you develop post-viral depression. 1. Inflammation Inflammation may cause changes in your brain that trigger depression or anxiety. Here’s how. COVID-19 causes your immune system to flood your body with chemicals called cytokines. A “cytokine storm” can cause inflammation throughout your body, including your brain. Studies suggest that people with high levels of cytokines are more likely to have a severe case of COVID-19, as well as develop a mental health disorder. 2. Damage to brain cells The COVID-19 virus and the inflammation it causes may damage brain cells (neurons) and supportive cells (glial cells) that are crucial for brain activity and repair. Researchers believe this damage may contribute to depression, anxiety and COVID-19 symptoms, like: 3. Lowered mood-boosting chemicals One study found that people with long COVID had lower levels of serotonin — a natural mood booster that’s key to regulating emotions, memory and other brain functions. People with long COVID have symptoms like headaches and difficulty thinking that last for three months or longer. “You may get anxious and depressed if it’s months after your illness ‘should be’ over and you still feel unwell,” Dr. Owens says. Depression and anxiety occur frequently in people with long COVID. So much so that many experts now consider them to be long COVID symptoms, rather than a result of having the illness. 4. Effects on blood sugar Another study showed that COVID-19 affected the brain’s ability to use blood sugar (glucose). Blood sugar is your brain’s primary source of energy. Study participants with lower-than-usual blood sugar levels had pain, insomnia , memory issues and other persistent symptoms up to three weeks after a COVID-19 diagnosis. Altogether, these conditions can also play a role in developing mental health issues. 5. Impacts on your life In addition to the biological effects of COVID-19, being sick can lead to financial worries due to missed work and medical bills. It can be isolating. And stressful. All of which can trigger mental health concerns. “People who don’t have the financial means or social support to see them through an illness may have a higher risk for depression or anxiety after they recover,” Dr. Owens shares. Signs of post-COVID depression Depression after COVID-19 causes the same symptoms as depression without illness — with a few exceptions. “Some people with post-virus depression may feel guilty or blame themselves for getting sick,” Dr. Owens points out. Other common signs of depression include: Appetite changes that may lead to unintended weight loss or gain Changes to facial expressions, such as being slow to smile Difficulty concentrating, thinking or remembering (brain fog) Fatigue or low energy Feelings of hopelessness Loss of interest in activities that usually bring joy Poor sleep (insomnia) In some instances, severe depression can lead to: Signs of post-COVID anxiety The signs of anxiety and COVID-induced anxiety are also similar. Dr. Owens notes that someone who develops anxiety after COVID-19 may worry about getting sick again or developing long COVID. If you were hospitalized, you may keep thinking about or reliving the hospital experience. Other signs of anxiety include: Difficulty relaxing or enjoying oneself Feeling nervous, restless or on edge (irritable) Poor or unusual responses to stressful situations Slowed thinking. Help for post-COVID depression Get help if depression symptoms negatively impact your life or persist for two weeks. Your primary care provider can be a good first step and may help you find a therapist or psychiatrist . Depending on the severity of your symptoms, you may benefit from therapy , such as psychotherapy (talk therapy), medications, like antidepressants and anti-anxiety drugs, or a combination of the two. These steps can also help protect your mental health when you’re sick with COVID-19 or recovering: Get well soon(er) The stress of being sick with COVID-19 can make you feel like you’re on an emotional rollercoaster. It’s common to feel worried, sad or tired when you’re not feeling well. Be kind to yourself and give your body and mind time to heal. “Your physical and mental health greatly affect each other,” Dr. Owens reminds us. “Most people feel better mentally as COVID-induced inflammation and other physical symptoms subside. If that’s not true for you, talk to your provider so you can get the care you need.”
Markdown	Locations: [Abu Dhabi](https://www.clevelandclinicabudhabi.ae/)\\|[Canada](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/canada)\\|[Florida](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/florida)\\|[London](https://clevelandcliniclondon.uk/)\\|[Nevada](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/locations/nevada)\\|[Ohio](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/)\\| ![Gray gradient](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/_next/static/media/gray-gradient-left-16.59910877.svg?w=32&q=75)![Gray gradient](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/_next/static/media/gray-gradient-right-32.dd7ce4e5.svg?w=64&q=75) - [Health Essentials](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/) - [Health Library](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health) - [Find a Provider](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/providers) - [Make an Appointment](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/patients/information/access) - [News](https://newsroom.clevelandclinic.org/) - [Careers](https://jobs.clevelandclinic.org/) - [Contact Us](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/contact-us) [![Cleveland Clinic logo](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/_next/static/media/logo-ccf.1e52a22b.svg?w=3840&q=75)](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/)[![Cleveland Clinic icon](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/_next/static/media/CCFLogo.000428c6.svg?w=3840&q=75)](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/) [![Health Essentials logo](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/_next/static/media/HealthEssentials.b811bb06.svg?w=3840&q=75)](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/) ![](https://zdbb.net/l/Dnl1wmWs8xCCpvWNCt9Egf/?w=16&q=75) ![Search Icon](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/_next/static/media/search--green.d4218f47.svg?w=64&q=75) Search Advertisement Advertisement November 18, 2024/[Health Conditions](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/health-conditions)/[Cold, Flu & Respiratory Illnesses](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/health-conditions/cold-flu-respiratory-illnesses) # Having COVID-19 May Increase Your Risk of Depression A COVID-19 infection can bring on depression or anxiety months after physical symptoms go away ![Person lying stomach down on bed, head on crossed arms, staring into the distance](https://assets.clevelandclinic.org/transform/LargeFeatureImage/7c625131-6eaf-4b1b-8f58-e0b9f402ae86/depressedPerson-1421877961) Image content: This image is available to view online. View image online (https://assets.clevelandclinic.org/transform/7c625131-6eaf-4b1b-8f58-e0b9f402ae86/depressedPerson-1421877961) Person lying stomach down on bed, head on crossed arms, staring into the distance It can take weeks, months or even longer to physically recover from COVID-19. But if you still feel “not right” after the coughing, fever, congestion and other symptoms have gone away, there could be reason for it. Advertisement Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. [Policy](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/advertising) The virus may have affected your mental health. “We know that viral infections like the flu can lead to post-viral depression,” says psychiatrist [Jack Owens, MD](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/staff/23781-jack-owens). “It makes sense — and ongoing research is showing — that some people develop depression, anxiety or other mental health issues after they’ve had COVID-19.” What exactly is the connection? Dr. Owens shares what we know. ## Can COVID-19 cause depression? In short, yes, COVID-19 can cause depression. A [study](https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpsy/article/PIIS2215-0366\(20\)30462-4/fulltext) found that people with no prior history of a mental health disorder were up to 8% more likely to develop [depression, anxiety](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/anxiety-vs-depression-which-do-i-have-or-both) or other mental health symptoms within two weeks to three months after a COVID-19 infection. The risk was twice as high in those who already had a mental health disorder. [Other research](https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2793903) indicates that many people experience mental health issues six months after being ill: - About 90% of people (9 in 10) who were hospitalized with [COVID-19](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21214-coronavirus-covid-19) - About 25% (1 in 4) in nonhospitalized adults The [risk of depression remains high](https://www.bmj.com/content/376/bmj-2021-068993) for up to a year after a COVID-19 illness, regardless of your past mental health history. “Even people who feel fine physically may find themselves struggling to sleep, concentrate or enjoy life the way they used to before they got COVID-19,” notes Dr. Owens. Advertisement ### 5 ways COVID-19 causes depression We know that stress and isolation during the pandemic [negatively impacted mental health](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/how-the-ongoing-covid-19-pandemic-is-taking-a-toll-on-mental-health). But researchers are now examining the connection between COVID-19 and depression, beyond the effects of the pandemic. Dr. Owens shares five factors that may be at play, as well as steps to take if you develop post-viral depression. #### 1\. Inflammation Inflammation may cause changes in your brain that trigger depression or anxiety. Here’s how. COVID-19 causes your [immune system](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/strengthen-your-immune-system-with-simple-strategies) to flood your body with chemicals called cytokines. A “cytokine storm” can cause [inflammation](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/21660-inflammation) throughout your body, including your brain. [Studies](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7390748/) suggest that people with high levels of cytokines are more likely to have a severe case of COVID-19, as well as develop a mental health disorder. #### 2\. Damage to brain cells The COVID-19 virus and the inflammation it causes may damage brain cells (neurons) and supportive cells (glial cells) that are crucial for brain activity and repair. [Researchers](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0896627322009102) believe this damage may contribute to depression, anxiety and COVID-19 symptoms, like: - [Brain fog](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/brain-fog) - [COVID-19 fatigue](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/covid-fatigue) - [Memory loss](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/memory-loss-causes) #### 3\. Lowered mood-boosting chemicals One [study](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867423010346?via%3Dihub) found that people with [long COVID](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/25111-long-covid) had lower levels of [serotonin](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/22572-serotonin) — a natural mood booster that’s key to regulating emotions, memory and other brain functions. People with long COVID have symptoms like [headaches](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/long-covid-headaches) and difficulty thinking that last for three months or longer. “You may get anxious and depressed if it’s months after your illness ‘should be’ over and you still feel unwell,” Dr. Owens says. Depression and anxiety occur frequently in people with long COVID. So much so that many experts now consider them to be long COVID symptoms, rather than a result of having the illness. #### 4\. Effects on blood sugar Another [study](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00259-021-05215-4) showed that COVID-19 affected the brain’s ability to use blood sugar (glucose). [Blood sugar](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/how-to-lower-blood-sugar) is your brain’s primary source of energy. Study participants with lower-than-usual blood sugar levels had pain, [insomnia](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/covid-insomnia), memory issues and other persistent symptoms up to three weeks after a COVID-19 diagnosis. Altogether, these conditions can also play a role in developing mental health issues. #### 5\. Impacts on your life In addition to the biological effects of COVID-19, being sick can lead to financial worries due to missed work and medical bills. It can be isolating. And stressful. All of which can trigger mental health concerns. “People who don’t have the financial means or social support to see them through an illness may have a higher risk for depression or anxiety after they recover,” Dr. Owens shares. Advertisement ### Signs of post-COVID depression Depression after COVID-19 causes the same symptoms as depression without illness — with a few exceptions. “Some people with post-virus depression may feel guilty or blame themselves for getting sick,” Dr. Owens points out. Other common [signs of depression](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/what-does-depression-feel-like) include: - Appetite changes that may lead to unintended weight loss or gain - Changes to facial expressions, such as being slow to smile - Difficulty concentrating, thinking or remembering (brain fog) - Fatigue or low energy - Feelings of hopelessness - Loss of interest in activities that usually bring joy - Poor sleep (insomnia) In some instances, severe depression can lead to: - [Self-harm](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12201-self-harm) - [Substance misuse or abuse](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/dual-diagnosis-why-substance-abuse-worsens-your-mental-health) - [Suicidal ideation](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/suicide) #### Signs of post-COVID anxiety The signs of anxiety and COVID-induced anxiety are also similar. Dr. Owens notes that someone who develops anxiety after COVID-19 may worry about getting sick again or developing long COVID. If you were hospitalized, you may keep thinking about or reliving the hospital experience. Other [signs of anxiety](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/signs-of-anxiety) include: - Difficulty relaxing or enjoying oneself - Feeling nervous, restless or on edge (irritable) - Poor or unusual responses to stressful situations - Slowed thinking. ### Help for post-COVID depression Get help if depression symptoms negatively impact your life or persist for two weeks. Your primary care provider can be a good first step and may help you [find a therapist](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/how-to-find-a-therapist) or [psychiatrist](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/22702-psychiatrist). Advertisement Depending on the severity of your symptoms, you may benefit from [therapy](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/how-to-start-therapy), such as [psychotherapy](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/23445-psychotherapy) (talk therapy), medications, like [antidepressants](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/9301-antidepressants-depression-medication) and anti-anxiety drugs, or a combination of the two. These steps can also help [protect your mental health](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/coping-with-covid-19-6-tips-to-protect-your-mental-health-when-youre-sick) when you’re sick with COVID-19 or recovering: - [Eat nutritious](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/how-to-balance-a-healthy-diet-during-self-isolation) [foods that fight inflammation](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/9-diet-tips-to-help-you-fight-inflammation). - Find [healthy ways to relieve stress](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/how-to-relieve-stress). - [Improve your sleep](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/how-sleeping-better-can-give-your-brain-a-big-boost-and-tips-for-making-that-happen). - Limit alcohol. - Practice [meditation](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/how-to-meditate-and-top-benefits), [mindfulness](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/practice-mindfulness-to-improve-your-well-being-11-tips) or [restorative yoga](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/restorative-yoga). - [Stop doomscrolling](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/everything-you-need-to-know-about-doomscrolling-and-how-to-avoid-it). #### Get well soon(er) The stress of being sick with COVID-19 can make you feel like you’re on an emotional rollercoaster. It’s common to feel worried, sad or tired when you’re not feeling well. Be kind to yourself and give your body and mind time to heal. “Your physical and mental health greatly affect each other,” Dr. Owens reminds us. “Most people feel better mentally as COVID-induced inflammation and other physical symptoms subside. If that’s not true for you, talk to your provider so you can get the care you need.” Advertisement [![Cleveland Clinic logo](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/_next/static/media/logo-ccf.1e52a22b.svg?w=3840&q=75)](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/)[![Cleveland Clinic icon](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/_next/static/media/CCFLogo.000428c6.svg?w=3840&q=75)](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/) [![Health Essentials logo](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/_next/static/media/HealthEssentials.b811bb06.svg?w=3840&q=75)](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/) ![Subscription icon](https://assets.clevelandclinic.org/transform/482db8cd-aa1e-45b5-a2a4-cf6aa5e5d2d4/Health-Essentials?w=256&q=75) ## Better health starts here Sign up for our Health Essentials emails for expert guidance on nutrition, fitness, sleep, skin care and more. [Example email](https://assets.clevelandclinic.org/transform/2ff943a2-abb1-4a1c-8ede-f8848703e789/HealthEssentials-SampleEmail-2026)[Sign up](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health-essentials-sign-up) [Sign up](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health-essentials-sign-up)[Example email](https://assets.clevelandclinic.org/transform/2ff943a2-abb1-4a1c-8ede-f8848703e789/HealthEssentials-SampleEmail-2026) Learn more about our [editorial process](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/about/website/editorial-policy). Health Library COVID-19 (Coronavirus) [What Is COVID-19?](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21214-coronavirus-covid-19#what-is-covid-19) [Symptoms and Causes](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21214-coronavirus-covid-19#symptoms-and-causes) [Diagnosis and Tests](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21214-coronavirus-covid-19#diagnosis-and-tests) [Management and Treatment](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21214-coronavirus-covid-19#management-and-treatment) [Outlook / Prognosis](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21214-coronavirus-covid-19#outlook-prognosis) Health Library COVID-19 (Coronavirus) [What Is COVID-19?](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21214-coronavirus-covid-19#what-is-covid-19) [Symptoms and Causes](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21214-coronavirus-covid-19#symptoms-and-causes) [Diagnosis and Tests](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21214-coronavirus-covid-19#diagnosis-and-tests) [Management and Treatment](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21214-coronavirus-covid-19#management-and-treatment) [Outlook / Prognosis](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21214-coronavirus-covid-19#outlook-prognosis) Advertisement ## Related Articles [![Hand holding foot with COVID toe](https://assets.clevelandclinic.org/transform/StoryPanel/0c689e28-c622-4c60-bcaa-76aeee89c137/covid-toes-1250715080?w=3840&q=75)](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/covid-rashes) February 5, 2026/[Infectious Disease](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/health-conditions/infectious-disease) ### [COVID Toes, COVID Rashes and Other Skin Complications: A Quick Guide](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/covid-rashes) https://health.clevelandclinic.org/covid-rashes Chilblain-like skin lesions and rashes are mild (and rare) complications of many viral infections, not just COVID-19 [![Fashionable older person blowing into a mug, looking out window](https://assets.clevelandclinic.org/transform/StoryPanel/e0ba7442-cd5d-43f1-9c24-7862ab757401/elder-drink-tea-look-out-window-sick-2230297803?w=3840&q=75)](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/covid-guidelines) October 3, 2025/[Infectious Disease](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/health-conditions/infectious-disease) ### [Understanding COVID-19 Guidelines](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/covid-guidelines) https://health.clevelandclinic.org/covid-guidelines Most can return to work or school when they’re symptom-free for 24 hours [![People showing COVID-19 prevention techniques, like washing hands, masking and getting vaccines](https://assets.clevelandclinic.org/transform/StoryPanel/9b08d817-f203-4a57-b035-27e743e189ce/covid19-prevention-1315609873?w=3840&q=75)](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/coronavirus-tips-prevention-and-safety-for-everyday-life) June 30, 2025/[Infectious Disease](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/health-conditions/infectious-disease) ### [Coronavirus Tips: Prevention and Safety for Everyday Life](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/coronavirus-tips-prevention-and-safety-for-everyday-life) https://health.clevelandclinic.org/coronavirus-tips-prevention-and-safety-for-everyday-life Covering your mouth when you cough and staying home when you’re sick are a couple ways to help keep yourself and others COVID-free [![Vitamin D capsules backlit by sunlight](https://assets.clevelandclinic.org/transform/StoryPanel/82cd452e-d5a4-4d13-bab5-1558b2a58ce4/vitaminDcovid19b-1145207411-770x533-1_jpg?w=3840&q=75)](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/can-vitamin-d-prevent-covid-19) May 13, 2025/[Infectious Disease](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/health-conditions/infectious-disease) ### [What To Know About Vitamin D and COVID-19](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/can-vitamin-d-prevent-covid-19) https://health.clevelandclinic.org/can-vitamin-d-prevent-covid-19 This vital nutrient supports your health, but its role in COVID-19 prevention and treatment isn’t proven [![Glass of water on table, with medicine bottle of purple capsules, and capsules on table](https://assets.clevelandclinic.org/transform/StoryPanel/1e3393bf-e312-4ad0-952f-bdaa034966a1/melatonin-2158208220?w=3840&q=75)](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/can-melatonin-help-treat-covid-19) November 27, 2024/[Infectious Disease](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/health-conditions/infectious-disease) ### [Can Melatonin Help Treat COVID-19?](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/can-melatonin-help-treat-covid-19) https://health.clevelandclinic.org/can-melatonin-help-treat-covid-19 Studies have shown promising results, but additional research is needed [![Healthcare provider examining person's throat in office, with oversized germs around](https://assets.clevelandclinic.org/transform/StoryPanel/adad54c1-c240-45fd-a693-ec5434cb9784/thorat-checkup-patient-doctor-covid-1412852052-r?w=3840&q=75)](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/what-is-covid-19-voice-and-what-causes-it) November 21, 2024/[Infectious Disease](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/health-conditions/infectious-disease) ### [How Laryngitis and COVID-19 Can Impact Your Voice](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/what-is-covid-19-voice-and-what-causes-it) https://health.clevelandclinic.org/what-is-covid-19-voice-and-what-causes-it Infection and inflammation can cause you to lose your voice and have other voice changes until you’re fully healed [![Person in mask and medical coveralls handling COVID-19 vials with gloved hands](https://assets.clevelandclinic.org/transform/StoryPanel/b426f571-6d27-4780-8378-ddf89076ed16/scientist-testing-1214032243?w=3840&q=75)](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/what-does-it-mean-that-the-coronavirus-is-mutating) November 14, 2024/[Infectious Disease](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/health-conditions/infectious-disease) ### [COVID-19 Variants: What’s New and Why We’re Still Concerned](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/what-does-it-mean-that-the-coronavirus-is-mutating) https://health.clevelandclinic.org/what-does-it-mean-that-the-coronavirus-is-mutating Just like the flu, COVID-19 continues to evolve every year with new and smarter variants [![Scientist/lab tech in lab wearing mask and white coat working, with test tubes on counter](https://assets.clevelandclinic.org/transform/StoryPanel/9337de81-39cf-4953-9cc8-2de8f1103c9b/scientist-research-1261588129?w=3840&q=75)](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/flirt-covid-variants) November 11, 2024/[Infectious Disease](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/health-conditions/infectious-disease) ### [FLiRT COVID Variants: What To Know](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/flirt-covid-variants) https://health.clevelandclinic.org/flirt-covid-variants The latest omicron subvariants carry specific mutations that may allow the SARS-CoV-2 virus to be better at evading immune protection ## Trending Topics [![Person walking outdoors, looking at smartphone](https://assets.clevelandclinic.org/transform/StoryPanel/c10f2c1c-3976-499f-b183-d6facbc668eb/california-sober-1133287692?w=3840&q=75)](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/what-is-cali-sober) [Mental Health](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/health-conditions/mental-health) ### [What Does It Mean To Be ‘California Sober’?](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/what-is-cali-sober) https://health.clevelandclinic.org/what-is-cali-sober This ‘harm reduction’ approach to sobriety involves subbing one substance for another — a method that isn’t backed by research [![Caregiver applying makeup to smiling teen](https://assets.clevelandclinic.org/transform/StoryPanel/d46853f3-4bcf-483b-a969-21e217e1d467/mom-and-teen-makeup-fun-2253970391?w=3840&q=75)](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/does-your-child-want-to-wear-makeup-5-things-you-should-know) [Children’s Health](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/living-healthy/childrens-health) ### [Is It OK for Your Kid To Wear Makeup? 5 Things To Consider](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/does-your-child-want-to-wear-makeup-5-things-you-should-know) https://health.clevelandclinic.org/does-your-child-want-to-wear-makeup-5-things-you-should-know Educate your child about body image, expectations and skin care first [![Person in long-sleeve swimwear, scratching at their itchy wrist](https://assets.clevelandclinic.org/transform/StoryPanel/f861debb-bad0-4b41-a55d-e23757918e2b/chlorine-reaction-pool-1521871387?w=3840&q=75)](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/chlorine-rash) [Skin Care & Beauty](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/health-conditions/skin-care-beauty) ### [Is That a Chlorine Rash? What Your Skin Is Telling You](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/chlorine-rash) https://health.clevelandclinic.org/chlorine-rash A true chlorine allergy is extremely rare — it’s far more likely that you have a damaged skin barrier ## Health Categories To Explore [![Brain & Nervous System Icon](https://assets.clevelandclinic.org/transform/StoryPanel/a1fee7a1-b531-4bb5-83f8-2ace3380adeb/icon-Brain-and-Nervous-System?w=128&q=75)](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/health-conditions/brain-nervous-system)[Brain & Nervous System](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/health-conditions/brain-nervous-system) [![Children's Health Icon](https://assets.clevelandclinic.org/transform/StoryPanel/03fb80e3-5678-49ca-bc45-2a9c89ce8b44/icon-Childrens-Health?w=128&q=75)](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/living-healthy/childrens-health)[Children’s Health](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/living-healthy/childrens-health) [![Exercise & Fitness Icon](https://assets.clevelandclinic.org/transform/StoryPanel/9b53a14f-4ea0-42f6-bcd7-ad4296165115/icon-Exercise-and-Fitness?w=128&q=75)](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/diet-food-fitness/exercise-fitness)[Exercise & Fitness](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/diet-food-fitness/exercise-fitness) [![Heart Health Icon](https://assets.clevelandclinic.org/transform/StoryPanel/317a9fd3-ba2c-4be2-a62d-6c975f3e34bc/icon-Heart-Health?w=128&q=75)](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/health-conditions/heart-health)[Heart Health](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/health-conditions/heart-health) [![Men's Health Icon](https://assets.clevelandclinic.org/transform/StoryPanel/6ed57815-f52e-414d-9365-8e9de2652dad/icon-Mens-Health?w=128&q=75)](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/living-healthy/mens-health)[Men’s Health](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/living-healthy/mens-health) [![Mental Health Icon](https://assets.clevelandclinic.org/transform/StoryPanel/18ae6927-4315-4483-ba6c-6110bc55adeb/icon-Mental-Health?w=128&q=75)](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/health-conditions/mental-health)[Mental Health](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/health-conditions/mental-health) [![Nutrition Icon](https://assets.clevelandclinic.org/transform/StoryPanel/4a145348-0fa2-410f-9c8d-d7e349ef85e3/icon-Nutrition?w=128&q=75)](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/diet-food-fitness/nutrition)[Nutrition](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/diet-food-fitness/nutrition) [![Orthopaedics icon](https://assets.clevelandclinic.org/transform/StoryPanel/58879694-6694-467f-b5b4-f00c3b2d31cd/icon-Orthopaedics?w=128&q=75)](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/health-conditions/orthopaedics)[Orthopaedics](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/health-conditions/orthopaedics) [![Primary Care Icon](https://assets.clevelandclinic.org/transform/StoryPanel/d7cc1738-82a9-4276-a77d-39ffbab8dea4/icon-Primary-Care?w=128&q=75)](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/living-healthy/primary-care)[Primary Care](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/living-healthy/primary-care) [![Skincare & beauty icon](https://assets.clevelandclinic.org/transform/StoryPanel/67b83514-1b4b-491f-91c9-f5e7b0f33908/icon-Skin-Care-Beauty?w=128&q=75)](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/health-conditions/skin-care-beauty)[Skin Care & Beauty](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/health-conditions/skin-care-beauty) [![Wellness Icon](https://assets.clevelandclinic.org/transform/StoryPanel/9a1f6d33-6953-4a1a-9ca1-5bbd42bbe347/icon-Wellness?w=128&q=75)](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/living-healthy/wellness)[Wellness](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/living-healthy/wellness) [![Women's Health Icon](https://assets.clevelandclinic.org/transform/StoryPanel/5dce7def-dda0-4421-9205-be0cf83bc800/icon-Womens-Health?w=128&q=75)](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/living-healthy/womens-health)[Women’s Health](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/living-healthy/womens-health) ### Other Popular Categories [Aging Well](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/living-healthy/aging-well)[Allergies](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/health-conditions/allergies)[Cancer Care & Prevention](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/health-conditions/cancer-care-prevention)[Chronic Pain](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/health-conditions/chronic-pain)[Cold, Flu & Respiratory Illnesses](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/health-conditions/cold-flu-respiratory-illnesses)[Diabetes & Endocrinology](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/health-conditions/diabetes-endocrinology)[Digestive](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/health-conditions/digestive-health)[Ear, Nose & Throat](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/health-conditions/ear-nose-throat)[Eye Care](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/health-conditions/eye-care)[Infectious Disease](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/health-conditions/infectious-disease)[Lung](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/health-conditions/lung-health)[Oral Health](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/health-conditions/oral-health)[Parenting](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/living-healthy/parenting-category)[Pregnancy & Childbirth](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/living-healthy/pregnancy-childbirth)[Recipes](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/diet-food-fitness/recipes)[Rheumatology & Immunology](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/health-conditions/rheumatology-immunology)[Senior Health](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/living-healthy/senior-health)[Sex & Relationships](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/living-healthy/sex-relationships)[Sleep](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/living-healthy/sleep)[Urinary & Kidney Health](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/health-conditions/urinary-kidney-health)[Weight Loss](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/diet-food-fitness/weight-loss) Ad Rendered: Thu Apr 16 2026 17:25:20 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time) #### Cleveland Clinic [Home](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/)[About Cleveland Clinic](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/about)[Careers at Cleveland Clinic](https://jobs.clevelandclinic.org/)[Giving](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/giving)[Community Outreach](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/about/community/government-relations)[Research & Innovations](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/research)[Health Library](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health)[Free Health eNewsletters](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health-essentials-newsletter?utm_medium=email&utm_source=jotform&utm_campaign=he&utm_content=signuppage)[Resources for Medical Professionals](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/professionals)[Media Relations](https://newsroom.clevelandclinic.org/) #### Site Information & Policies [Send Us Feedback](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/webmail)[About this Website](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/about/website)[Advertising Policy](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/advertising/)[Social Media Policy](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/about/website/social-media)[Copyright, Reprints & Licensing](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/about/website/reprints-licensing)[Website Terms of Use](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/about/website/terms-of-use)[Website Privacy Policy](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/about/website/privacy-security)[Notice of Privacy Practices](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/about/website/privacy-practices)[Non-Discrimination and Availability](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/about/website/non-discrimination-notice) #### Resources [Mobile Apps](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/mobile-apps)[Podcasts](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/podcasts/health-essentials) 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 \\| [800\.223.2273](tel:8002232273) \\| © 2026 Cleveland Clinic. All Rights Reserved.
Readable Markdown	It can take weeks, months or even longer to physically recover from COVID-19. But if you still feel “not right” after the coughing, fever, congestion and other symptoms have gone away, there could be reason for it. The virus may have affected your mental health. “We know that viral infections like the flu can lead to post-viral depression,” says psychiatrist [Jack Owens, MD](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/staff/23781-jack-owens). “It makes sense — and ongoing research is showing — that some people develop depression, anxiety or other mental health issues after they’ve had COVID-19.” What exactly is the connection? Dr. Owens shares what we know. ## Can COVID-19 cause depression? In short, yes, COVID-19 can cause depression. A [study](https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpsy/article/PIIS2215-0366\(20\)30462-4/fulltext) found that people with no prior history of a mental health disorder were up to 8% more likely to develop [depression, anxiety](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/anxiety-vs-depression-which-do-i-have-or-both) or other mental health symptoms within two weeks to three months after a COVID-19 infection. The risk was twice as high in those who already had a mental health disorder. [Other research](https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2793903) indicates that many people experience mental health issues six months after being ill: - About 90% of people (9 in 10) who were hospitalized with [COVID-19](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21214-coronavirus-covid-19) - About 25% (1 in 4) in nonhospitalized adults The [risk of depression remains high](https://www.bmj.com/content/376/bmj-2021-068993) for up to a year after a COVID-19 illness, regardless of your past mental health history. “Even people who feel fine physically may find themselves struggling to sleep, concentrate or enjoy life the way they used to before they got COVID-19,” notes Dr. Owens. ### 5 ways COVID-19 causes depression We know that stress and isolation during the pandemic [negatively impacted mental health](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/how-the-ongoing-covid-19-pandemic-is-taking-a-toll-on-mental-health). But researchers are now examining the connection between COVID-19 and depression, beyond the effects of the pandemic. Dr. Owens shares five factors that may be at play, as well as steps to take if you develop post-viral depression. #### 1\. Inflammation Inflammation may cause changes in your brain that trigger depression or anxiety. Here’s how. COVID-19 causes your [immune system](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/strengthen-your-immune-system-with-simple-strategies) to flood your body with chemicals called cytokines. A “cytokine storm” can cause [inflammation](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/21660-inflammation) throughout your body, including your brain. [Studies](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7390748/) suggest that people with high levels of cytokines are more likely to have a severe case of COVID-19, as well as develop a mental health disorder. #### 2\. Damage to brain cells The COVID-19 virus and the inflammation it causes may damage brain cells (neurons) and supportive cells (glial cells) that are crucial for brain activity and repair. [Researchers](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0896627322009102) believe this damage may contribute to depression, anxiety and COVID-19 symptoms, like: #### 3\. Lowered mood-boosting chemicals One [study](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867423010346?via%3Dihub) found that people with [long COVID](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/25111-long-covid) had lower levels of [serotonin](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/22572-serotonin) — a natural mood booster that’s key to regulating emotions, memory and other brain functions. People with long COVID have symptoms like [headaches](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/long-covid-headaches) and difficulty thinking that last for three months or longer. “You may get anxious and depressed if it’s months after your illness ‘should be’ over and you still feel unwell,” Dr. Owens says. Depression and anxiety occur frequently in people with long COVID. So much so that many experts now consider them to be long COVID symptoms, rather than a result of having the illness. #### 4\. Effects on blood sugar Another [study](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00259-021-05215-4) showed that COVID-19 affected the brain’s ability to use blood sugar (glucose). [Blood sugar](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/how-to-lower-blood-sugar) is your brain’s primary source of energy. Study participants with lower-than-usual blood sugar levels had pain, [insomnia](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/covid-insomnia), memory issues and other persistent symptoms up to three weeks after a COVID-19 diagnosis. Altogether, these conditions can also play a role in developing mental health issues. #### 5\. Impacts on your life In addition to the biological effects of COVID-19, being sick can lead to financial worries due to missed work and medical bills. It can be isolating. And stressful. All of which can trigger mental health concerns. “People who don’t have the financial means or social support to see them through an illness may have a higher risk for depression or anxiety after they recover,” Dr. Owens shares. ### Signs of post-COVID depression Depression after COVID-19 causes the same symptoms as depression without illness — with a few exceptions. “Some people with post-virus depression may feel guilty or blame themselves for getting sick,” Dr. Owens points out. Other common [signs of depression](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/what-does-depression-feel-like) include: - Appetite changes that may lead to unintended weight loss or gain - Changes to facial expressions, such as being slow to smile - Difficulty concentrating, thinking or remembering (brain fog) - Fatigue or low energy - Feelings of hopelessness - Loss of interest in activities that usually bring joy - Poor sleep (insomnia) In some instances, severe depression can lead to: #### Signs of post-COVID anxiety The signs of anxiety and COVID-induced anxiety are also similar. Dr. Owens notes that someone who develops anxiety after COVID-19 may worry about getting sick again or developing long COVID. If you were hospitalized, you may keep thinking about or reliving the hospital experience. Other [signs of anxiety](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/signs-of-anxiety) include: - Difficulty relaxing or enjoying oneself - Feeling nervous, restless or on edge (irritable) - Poor or unusual responses to stressful situations - Slowed thinking. ### Help for post-COVID depression Get help if depression symptoms negatively impact your life or persist for two weeks. Your primary care provider can be a good first step and may help you [find a therapist](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/how-to-find-a-therapist) or [psychiatrist](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/22702-psychiatrist). Depending on the severity of your symptoms, you may benefit from [therapy](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/how-to-start-therapy), such as [psychotherapy](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/23445-psychotherapy) (talk therapy), medications, like [antidepressants](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/9301-antidepressants-depression-medication) and anti-anxiety drugs, or a combination of the two. These steps can also help [protect your mental health](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/coping-with-covid-19-6-tips-to-protect-your-mental-health-when-youre-sick) when you’re sick with COVID-19 or recovering: #### Get well soon(er) The stress of being sick with COVID-19 can make you feel like you’re on an emotional rollercoaster. It’s common to feel worried, sad or tired when you’re not feeling well. Be kind to yourself and give your body and mind time to heal. “Your physical and mental health greatly affect each other,” Dr. Owens reminds us. “Most people feel better mentally as COVID-induced inflammation and other physical symptoms subside. If that’s not true for you, talk to your provider so you can get the care you need.”
Shard	143 (laksa)
Root Hash	9889140825964526943
Unparsed URL	org,clevelandclinic!health,/the-link-between-covid-and-depression s443