🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 61 (from laksa031)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa061.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk/conditions/arrhythmia-abnormal-heart-rhythm/\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk/conditions/arrhythmia-abnormal-heart-rhythm/\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/conditions\/arrhythmia-abnormal-heart-rhythm\/","crawl_time":1776186846,"first_indexed_time":1720226343,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"uk,co,guysandstthomasspecialistcare!\/conditions\/arrhythmia-abnormal-heart-rhythm\/ s443","src_root_hash":"12751487273878753061","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Arrhythmia (abnormal heart rhythm)","meta_descriptions":["Arrhythmia is an abnormal heart rhythm, where the heart''s normal rhythm is disrupted. Learn about how it can be treated."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"What is arrhythmia?\nArrhythmia is an abnormal heart rhythm which occurs when the heart’s normal rhythm is disrupted. The heart may beat too slowly, too quickly or irregularly. Disturbed heart rhythms can restrict blood being pumped around the body, which may cause harm to the brain, heart and other organs.\nA range of \ndiagnostic tests for heart conditions\nare used to diagnose arrhythmia. After diagnosis, they’ll design a treatment plan specifically for you, which will consider both lifestyle changes and medical treatment options.\nOver two million people in the UK experience arrhythmias. If you believe you’re experiencing arrhythmia, our\ncardiology specialists\nat\nWimpole Street\n,\nHarefield\n, and\nRoyal Brompton\nhospitals can help. You’ll be in the safest hands, as we’ve been awarded as a ‘Centre of Excellence’ by the \nArrythmia Alliance\n for our work in this field.\nExperts in aortic arrhythmia\nOur world-leading cardiology experts can offer:\nfast, accurate diagnosis with advanced imaging\nshort notice appointments in as little as 24 hours\ninnovative care and minimally invasive treatment\nTypes of arrhythmia\nMost arrhythmias are harmless. Sometimes it’s normal for you to have a fast heart rate (e.g. when exercising) or a slow heart rate (e.g. when sleeping). However, some arrhythmias can be serious or potentially fatal.\nThere are two different types of arrhythmias, grouped by heart rate speed:\ntachycardia\nbradycardia\nTachycardia is a fast heart, classed as a resting heart rate that is more than 100 beats per minute.\nThere are several different types of tachycardia, including:\natrial fibrillation\n – a rapid and uncoordinated heart rate\natrial flutter – similar to atrial fibrillation but more organised\nsupraventricular tachycardia – which causes sudden heart palpitations (pounding heartbeat)\nventricular fibrillation – when rapid electrical signals result in the lower heart chambers quivering and not pumping blood\nventricular tachycardia – a rapid, regular heart rate that stops the ventricles from filling with blood\nBradycardia is a slow heartbeat, classed as a resting rate that is less than 60 beats per minute.\nThe different types of bradycardia include:\nsick sinus syndrome – when the sinus node that sets the pace of the heart doesn’t work properly, which may cause an alternation between a slow and fast heart rate\nconduction block – when a blockage of the electrical pathways slows down or stops the signals that trigger heartbeats\nArrhythmia symptoms\nArrhythmias may not cause any symptoms, or a doctor may identify an irregular heartbeat when you are being examined for something else.\nWhen they do occur, initial symptoms of arrhythmias may include heart palpitations. This is when your heartbeat is thumping, racing, fluttering, or feels like it skips a beat.\nThe longer the arrhythmia lasts, the more likely that this condition can affect the way the heart works, causing a range of secondary symptoms, including:\nfatigue – a fast heart rate can cause you to be very tired\nblackouts (syncope) – if your palpitations are caused by a heart condition, your heart rate could drop and cause you to faint\ndizziness – accompanied by heart palpitations, in some cases dizziness could be a sign of a serious heart condition\nbreathlessness – shortness of breath commonly accompanies heart palpitations\nchest pain (\nangina\n) – if you experience chest pain with palpitations, you should seek medical help.\nIn extreme cases, certain types of arrhythmia can cause sudden cardiac death. If you feel your heart beating too fast, slowly, fluttering or skipping a beat, you should make an appointment with your doctor. If heart palpitations are accompanied by chest pain, dizziness, fainting or shortness of breath, contact a medical professional immediately.\nIf you’re experiencing symptoms of aortic arrhythmia,\nbook an appointment\nwith one of our specialists who can help with a diagnosis.\nWhat causes arrythmia?\nThe heart’s electrical conduction system controls the rhythm and rate of the heartbeat, sending signals from the top to the bottom of the heart. The signal is a trigger for the heart to contract and pump blood.\nFactors which can cause or exacerbate arrhythmia include:\nblocked arteries\nheart attack\nchanges to the structure of the heart\nhigh blood pressure\ndiabetes\ncertain medications\nviral infections\nsleep apnoea\noveractive or underactive thyroid\ndrug abuse\nalcohol\ncaffeine\nsmoking\ngenetics\nanxiety\nstress\nArrhythmia risk factors\nYou are more likely to suffer from arrhythmias if you:\nhave a pre-existing heart problem\nhave had heart surgery\nhave high blood pressure\nhave thyroid disease (an overactive or underactive thyroid)\nhave \nobstructive sleep apnoea\nhave electrolyte imbalance\nregularly consume a lot of alcohol\nuse a lot of stimulants such as caffeine\nIf you feel you may be at an increased risk of aortic arrhythmia,\ncontact our team to book an appointment\nwith one of our specialists.\nDiagnosing arrhythmia\nInitially, your doctor will ask you questions about your symptoms, examine you, and look at your medical history. In order to confirm a diagnosis of arrhythmia you may be referred to a specialist for more tests.\nA range of \ndiagnostic tests for heart conditions\nare used to diagnose arrhythmia by our experts at Royal Brompton and Harefield hospitals.\nElectrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) to diagnose arrhythmia\nThe main test used to detect abnormal heart rhythms is an electrocardiogram (ECG). Each beat of the heart is triggered by an electrical impulse generated by cells in the upper right heart chamber. An ECG translates this electrical activity into line tracings on paper.\nEchocardiogram to evaluate heart function in relation to arrhythmia\nAn \nechocardiogram\n is a simple and painless test that uses ultrasound waves to build a picture of the heart’s size, structure and function.\nExercise or stress test to diagnose arrhythmia\nA stress test – or exercise test – is usually carried out on patients when the arrhythmia is thought to be linked to exercise or to assess the heart’s electrical system’s response to exercise. Patients are asked to walk at a gradually increasing pace on a treadmill or ride an exercise bike whilst their heart rate and rhythm are monitored.\nHolter monitor to diagnose arrhythmia\nA holter monitor is a portable ECG device that records your heart’s activity over the day.\nEvent recorder to diagnose arrhythmia\nAn event recorder is a wearable ECG device that detects sporadic arrhythmias.\nImplantable loop recorder to diagnose arrhythmia\nAn implantable loop recorder is inserted under the skin of your chest to record the heart’s electrical activity, detecting irregular heart rhythms.\nTilt test to diagnose arrhythmia\nFor people who have experienced recurrent fainting spells, a tilt test may help to expose slow arrhythmias (bradycardia) which may cause blackouts (syncope).\nIf you are looking for a quick diagnosis of aortic arrhythmia by one of our consultants,\nget in touch with our helpful customer service team\nwho can book an appointment for you.\nArrhythmia treatment\nIf a significant arrhythmia is detected, our heart rhythm specialists will offer you a treatment plan specifically designed for you. Treatment may include one or a combination of lifestyle changes, medication, cardioversion (which delivers a shock to your heart to reset the heart rhythm), invasive procedures such as ablation for tachycardias, or cardiac devices like pacemakers of defibrillators .\nThe treatment for arrhythmia will depend on many factors including the type of arrhythmia and its severity and frequency but perhaps most importantly, the patients choice when fully informed about all options.\nArrhythmia medication\nMedications such as beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers and specific drugs can be used to slow down or manage a fast arrhythmias , whilst a range of medications can be used to restore a normal heart rhythm. Blood thinning medications may also be used in specific arrhythmias to reduce the risk of blood clot and stroke.\nMedical procedures to treat arrhythmia\nA range of non-surgical medical procedures can be offered to help control arrhythmias. These include catheter ablation, which carefully and accurately eliminates the part of the heart causing the arrhythmia. This treatment is specifically for fast arrhythmias.\nPatients who suffer slow arrhythmias may have pacemaker may be fitted. Patients who suffer life threatening arrhythmias may be offered a implantable defibrillator (ICD). Both of these devices are inserted under the skin in the chest and use electrical impulses to pace or shock the heart, which in turn helps to restore a normal heartbeat.\nIf you would like to speak to one of our consultants about treatment options for aortic valve disease, please\ncontact our team to book an appointment\n.\nContact us\nCall us on\n+44 (0)203 9934 388\nto book your appointment today.\nAlternatively, fill in our online enquiry form below and we will get back to you as soon as we can.\n1\nGetting started\n2\nPatient details\n3\nParent\/ Guardian details\n4\nYour child's details\n5\nClinical information\n6\nFunding details\n7\nYour children's services enquiry\n3\nEnquiry details\nCompany\nThis field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged.\nEnquiry type\n*\nSelect\nService required\n*\nSelect\nWho is the enquiry for?\n*\nSelect","attrs_markdown":"[Skip to main content](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/conditions\/arrhythmia-abnormal-heart-rhythm\/#Main)\n\nPopular searches\n\n- [Angina](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/?s=Angina)\n- [Heart disease](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/?s=Heart%20disease)\n- [Maternity](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/?s=Maternity)\n- [IVF](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/?s=IVF)\n- [Asthma](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/?s=Asthma)\n- [Fertility](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/?s=Fertility)\n\nToggle Search Form\n\n- [Call us on 020 3993 4388](tel:+442039934388)\n- [Healthcare professionals](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/healthcare-professionals\/)\n- [About us](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/about\/)\n- [News](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/news\/)\n- [المرضى الدوليون](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/patients-and-visitors\/international-patients-arabic\/)\n- [Contact us](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/contact\/)\n\nToggle Search Form\n\n[![Guy’s and St Thomas’ Specialist Care Logo](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Guys-and-St-Thomas-Specialist-Care-green.svg)](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/)\n\nMain menu\n\n- [Specialists](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/specialists\/)\n- [Services](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/services\/)\n  Back\n  \n  Services\n  \n  Adult care\n  \n  Children's care\n  \n  Fertility care\n  \n  Maternity care\n  \n  Heart and lung care\n  \n  Back\n  \n  Adult care\n  \n  - 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[Overview](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/conditions\/arrhythmia-abnormal-heart-rhythm\/#overview)\n2. [Symptoms and causes](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/conditions\/arrhythmia-abnormal-heart-rhythm\/#symptoms)\n3. [Diagnosis and treatment](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/conditions\/arrhythmia-abnormal-heart-rhythm\/#diagnosis)\n4. [Locations](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/conditions\/arrhythmia-abnormal-heart-rhythm\/#locations)\n5. [Specialists](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/conditions\/arrhythmia-abnormal-heart-rhythm\/#specialists)\n\n[Contact us](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/conditions\/arrhythmia-abnormal-heart-rhythm\/#form)\n\n## What is arrhythmia?\nArrhythmia is an abnormal heart rhythm which occurs when the heart’s normal rhythm is disrupted. The heart may beat too slowly, too quickly or irregularly. Disturbed heart rhythms can restrict blood being pumped around the body, which may cause harm to the brain, heart and other organs.\n\nA range of [diagnostic tests for heart conditions](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/investigations\/diagnostic-test-for-heart-conditions\/) are used to diagnose arrhythmia. After diagnosis, they’ll design a treatment plan specifically for you, which will consider both lifestyle changes and medical treatment options.\n\nOver two million people in the UK experience arrhythmias. If you believe you’re experiencing arrhythmia, our [cardiology specialists](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/services\/cardiology\/) at [Wimpole Street](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/locations\/wimpole-street-consulting-rooms-and-diagnostic-centre\/), [Harefield](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/locations\/harefield-hospital\/), and [Royal Brompton](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/locations\/royal-brompton-hospital\/) hospitals can help. You’ll be in the safest hands, as we’ve been awarded as a ‘Centre of Excellence’ by the [Arrythmia Alliance](https:\/\/heartrhythmalliance.org\/aa\/uk\/) for our work in this field.\n\n## Experts in aortic arrhythmia\nOur world-leading cardiology experts can offer:\n\n- fast, accurate diagnosis with advanced imaging\n- short notice appointments in as little as 24 hours\n- innovative care and minimally invasive treatment\n\n[Book an appointment](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/conditions\/arrhythmia-abnormal-heart-rhythm\/#form)\n\n![Caring middle-aged woman hugging her senior grey-haired mother](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/RS4387_AdobeStock_545595066-scaled-1000x0-c-default.jpeg)\n\n## Types of arrhythmia\nMost arrhythmias are harmless. Sometimes it’s normal for you to have a fast heart rate (e.g. when exercising) or a slow heart rate (e.g. when sleeping). However, some arrhythmias can be serious or potentially fatal.\n\nThere are two different types of arrhythmias, grouped by heart rate speed:\n\n- tachycardia\n- bradycardia\n\nTachycardia is a fast heart, classed as a resting heart rate that is more than 100 beats per minute.\n\nThere are several different types of tachycardia, including:\n\n- [atrial fibrillation](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/conditions\/atrial-fibrillation\/) – a rapid and uncoordinated heart rate\n- atrial flutter – similar to atrial fibrillation but more organised\n- supraventricular tachycardia – which causes sudden heart palpitations (pounding heartbeat)\n- ventricular fibrillation – when rapid electrical signals result in the lower heart chambers quivering and not pumping blood\n- ventricular tachycardia – a rapid, regular heart rate that stops the ventricles from filling with blood\n\nBradycardia is a slow heartbeat, classed as a resting rate that is less than 60 beats per minute.\n\nThe different types of bradycardia include:\n\n- sick sinus syndrome – when the sinus node that sets the pace of the heart doesn’t work properly, which may cause an alternation between a slow and fast heart rate\n- conduction block – when a blockage of the electrical pathways slows down or stops the signals that trigger heartbeats\n***\n## Arrhythmia symptoms\nArrhythmias may not cause any symptoms, or a doctor may identify an irregular heartbeat when you are being examined for something else.\n\nWhen they do occur, initial symptoms of arrhythmias may include heart palpitations. This is when your heartbeat is thumping, racing, fluttering, or feels like it skips a beat.\n\nThe longer the arrhythmia lasts, the more likely that this condition can affect the way the heart works, causing a range of secondary symptoms, including:\n\n- fatigue – a fast heart rate can cause you to be very tired\n- blackouts (syncope) – if your palpitations are caused by a heart condition, your heart rate could drop and cause you to faint\n- dizziness – accompanied by heart palpitations, in some cases dizziness could be a sign of a serious heart condition\n- breathlessness – shortness of breath commonly accompanies heart palpitations\n- chest pain ([angina](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/conditions\/angina\/)) – if you experience chest pain with palpitations, you should seek medical help.\n\nIn extreme cases, certain types of arrhythmia can cause sudden cardiac death. If you feel your heart beating too fast, slowly, fluttering or skipping a beat, you should make an appointment with your doctor. If heart palpitations are accompanied by chest pain, dizziness, fainting or shortness of breath, contact a medical professional immediately.\n\nIf you’re experiencing symptoms of aortic arrhythmia, [book an appointment](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/conditions\/arrhythmia-abnormal-heart-rhythm\/#form) with one of our specialists who can help with a diagnosis.\n\n## What causes arrythmia?\nThe heart’s electrical conduction system controls the rhythm and rate of the heartbeat, sending signals from the top to the bottom of the heart. The signal is a trigger for the heart to contract and pump blood.\n\nFactors which can cause or exacerbate arrhythmia include:\n\n- blocked arteries\n- heart attack\n- changes to the structure of the heart\n- [high blood pressure](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/conditions\/hypertension-high-blood-pressure\/)\n- diabetes\n- certain medications\n- viral infections\n- [sleep apnoea](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/news\/sleep-easy-relief-from-sleep-apnoea\/)\n- overactive or underactive thyroid\n- drug abuse\n- [alcohol](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/news\/alcohol-and-your-heart\/)\n- caffeine\n- smoking\n- genetics\n- anxiety\n- [stress](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/news\/stress-and-your-heart\/)\n\n## Arrhythmia risk factors\nYou are more likely to suffer from arrhythmias if you:\n\n- have a pre-existing heart problem\n- have had heart surgery\n- have high blood pressure\n- have thyroid disease (an overactive or underactive thyroid)\n- have [obstructive sleep apnoea](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/news\/sleep-easy-relief-from-sleep-apnoea\/)\n- have electrolyte imbalance\n- regularly consume a lot of alcohol\n- use a lot of stimulants such as caffeine\n\nIf you feel you may be at an increased risk of aortic arrhythmia, [contact our team to book an appointment](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/conditions\/arrhythmia-abnormal-heart-rhythm\/#form) with one of our specialists.\n***\n## Diagnosing arrhythmia\nInitially, your doctor will ask you questions about your symptoms, examine you, and look at your medical history. In order to confirm a diagnosis of arrhythmia you may be referred to a specialist for more tests.\n\nA range of [diagnostic tests for heart conditions](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/investigations\/diagnostic-test-for-heart-conditions\/) are used to diagnose arrhythmia by our experts at Royal Brompton and Harefield hospitals.\n\n### Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) to diagnose arrhythmia\nThe main test used to detect abnormal heart rhythms is an electrocardiogram (ECG). Each beat of the heart is triggered by an electrical impulse generated by cells in the upper right heart chamber. An ECG translates this electrical activity into line tracings on paper.\n\n### Echocardiogram to evaluate heart function in relation to arrhythmia\nAn [echocardiogram](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/investigations\/echocardiogram\/) is a simple and painless test that uses ultrasound waves to build a picture of the heart’s size, structure and function.\n\n### Exercise or stress test to diagnose arrhythmia\nA stress test – or exercise test – is usually carried out on patients when the arrhythmia is thought to be linked to exercise or to assess the heart’s electrical system’s response to exercise. Patients are asked to walk at a gradually increasing pace on a treadmill or ride an exercise bike whilst their heart rate and rhythm are monitored.\n\n### Holter monitor to diagnose arrhythmia\nA holter monitor is a portable ECG device that records your heart’s activity over the day.\n\n### Event recorder to diagnose arrhythmia\nAn event recorder is a wearable ECG device that detects sporadic arrhythmias.\n\n### Implantable loop recorder to diagnose arrhythmia\nAn implantable loop recorder is inserted under the skin of your chest to record the heart’s electrical activity, detecting irregular heart rhythms.\n\n### Tilt test to diagnose arrhythmia\nFor people who have experienced recurrent fainting spells, a tilt test may help to expose slow arrhythmias (bradycardia) which may cause blackouts (syncope).\n\nIf you are looking for a quick diagnosis of aortic arrhythmia by one of our consultants, [get in touch with our helpful customer service team](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/conditions\/arrhythmia-abnormal-heart-rhythm\/#form) who can book an appointment for you.\n\n## Arrhythmia treatment\nIf a significant arrhythmia is detected, our heart rhythm specialists will offer you a treatment plan specifically designed for you. Treatment may include one or a combination of lifestyle changes, medication, cardioversion (which delivers a shock to your heart to reset the heart rhythm), invasive procedures such as ablation for tachycardias, or cardiac devices like pacemakers of defibrillators .\n\nThe treatment for arrhythmia will depend on many factors including the type of arrhythmia and its severity and frequency but perhaps most importantly, the patients choice when fully informed about all options.\n\n### Arrhythmia medication\nMedications such as beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers and specific drugs can be used to slow down or manage a fast arrhythmias , whilst a range of medications can be used to restore a normal heart rhythm. Blood thinning medications may also be used in specific arrhythmias to reduce the risk of blood clot and stroke.\n\n### Medical procedures to treat arrhythmia\nA range of non-surgical medical procedures can be offered to help control arrhythmias. These include catheter ablation, which carefully and accurately eliminates the part of the heart causing the arrhythmia. This treatment is specifically for fast arrhythmias.\n\nPatients who suffer slow arrhythmias may have pacemaker may be fitted. Patients who suffer life threatening arrhythmias may be offered a implantable defibrillator (ICD). Both of these devices are inserted under the skin in the chest and use electrical impulses to pace or shock the heart, which in turn helps to restore a normal heartbeat.\n\nIf you would like to speak to one of our consultants about treatment options for aortic valve disease, please [contact our team to book an appointment](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/conditions\/arrhythmia-abnormal-heart-rhythm\/#form).\n\n## Locations\nOur specialists can treat arrhythmias at the following locations:\n\n[Royal Brompton Hospital Royal Brompton Hospital is at the forefront of advancing heart and lung care, including developing new minimally invasive heart procedures and lung cancer treatments Find out more](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/locations\/royal-brompton-hospital\/)\n\n[Harefield Hospital Harefield Hospital is a leading centre for complex heart and lung care, including double heart-lung transplants and the implantation of ‘artificial hearts’ Find out more](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/locations\/harefield-hospital\/)\n\n[Wimpole Street Consulting Rooms and Diagnostic Centre Our state-of-the-art outpatient and diagnostics centre brings experts from across our hospitals to one convenient central London location Find out more](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/locations\/wimpole-street-consulting-rooms-and-diagnostic-centre\/)\n\n## Discover our *arrhythmia* experts\nIntroducing our team of specialists with expertise in arrhythmia. Whether it’s safeguarding heart health or implementing advanced interventions, our specialists are dedicated to delivering personalised care tailored just for you.\n\n[Explore arrhythmia specialists](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/specialists\/?adult_children=586&loc=&language=&speciality=95)\n\n### Contact us\nCall us on **[\\+44 (0)203 9934 388](tel:+442039934388)** to book your appointment today.  \n   \nAlternatively, fill in our online enquiry form below and we will get back to you as soon as we can.\n\n[Back to top](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/conditions\/arrhythmia-abnormal-heart-rhythm\/#skiptomain)\n\n- [Evelina London Children’s Hospital](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/locations\/evelina-london\/)\n- [Guy’s Hospital](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/locations\/guys-hospital\/)\n- [Harefield Hospital](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/locations\/harefield-hospital\/)\n- [Royal Brompton Hospital](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/locations\/royal-brompton-hospital\/)\n- [St Thomas’ Hospital](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/locations\/st-thomas\/)\n- [Wimpole Street Consulting Rooms and Diagnostic Centre](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/locations\/wimpole-street-consulting-rooms-and-diagnostic-centre\/)\n\n- [Terms and conditions](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/terms-and-conditions\/)\n- [Privacy policy and cookies](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/privacy-policy-and-cookies\/)\n- [Accessibility](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/accessibility\/)\n- [Fair processing notice](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/fair-processing-notice\/)\n\n- [Find a specialist](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/specialists\/)\n- [Services](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/services\/)\n- [Conditions](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/conditions\/)\n- [Treatments](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/treatments\/)\n- [Investigations](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/investigations\/)\n- [Patients and visitors](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/patients-and-visitors\/)\n\n- [Healthcare professionals](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/healthcare-professionals\/)\n- [About us](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/about\/)\n- [News](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/news\/)\n- [Contact us](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/contact\/)\n- [International patients](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/patients-and-visitors\/international-patients\/)\n\n- [Royal Brompton and Harefield Education](https:\/\/www.rbhh-education.co.uk\/)\n- [Royal Brompton and Harefield Alumni Network](https:\/\/alumni.rbht.nhs.uk\/)\n- [Guy's and St Thomas' Consulting](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/healthcare-professionals\/guys-and-st-thomas-consulting\/)\n\n[![Guy’s and St Thomas’ Specialist Care logo](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Specialist-Care_GST-Specialist-are-white-.svg)](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/)\n\n- [Facebook](https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/gstspecialistcare)\n- [LinkedIn](https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/guys-and-st-thomas-specialist-care\/)\n- [Instagram](https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/gstspecialistcare\/)\n- [YouTube](https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@gstspecialistcare)\n\n[© 2026 Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust](https:\/\/www.guysandstthomas.nhs.uk\/)   [Designed & Developed by Spindogs](https:\/\/spindogs.co.uk\/)\n\nNotifications","attrs_readable_markdown":"## What is arrhythmia?\nArrhythmia is an abnormal heart rhythm which occurs when the heart’s normal rhythm is disrupted. The heart may beat too slowly, too quickly or irregularly. Disturbed heart rhythms can restrict blood being pumped around the body, which may cause harm to the brain, heart and other organs.\n\nA range of [diagnostic tests for heart conditions](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/investigations\/diagnostic-test-for-heart-conditions\/) are used to diagnose arrhythmia. After diagnosis, they’ll design a treatment plan specifically for you, which will consider both lifestyle changes and medical treatment options.\n\nOver two million people in the UK experience arrhythmias. If you believe you’re experiencing arrhythmia, our [cardiology specialists](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/services\/cardiology\/) at [Wimpole Street](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/locations\/wimpole-street-consulting-rooms-and-diagnostic-centre\/), [Harefield](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/locations\/harefield-hospital\/), and [Royal Brompton](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/locations\/royal-brompton-hospital\/) hospitals can help. You’ll be in the safest hands, as we’ve been awarded as a ‘Centre of Excellence’ by the [Arrythmia Alliance](https:\/\/heartrhythmalliance.org\/aa\/uk\/) for our work in this field.\n\n## Experts in aortic arrhythmia\nOur world-leading cardiology experts can offer:\n\n- fast, accurate diagnosis with advanced imaging\n- short notice appointments in as little as 24 hours\n- innovative care and minimally invasive treatment\n\n## Types of arrhythmia\nMost arrhythmias are harmless. Sometimes it’s normal for you to have a fast heart rate (e.g. when exercising) or a slow heart rate (e.g. when sleeping). However, some arrhythmias can be serious or potentially fatal.\n\nThere are two different types of arrhythmias, grouped by heart rate speed:\n\n- tachycardia\n- bradycardia\n\nTachycardia is a fast heart, classed as a resting heart rate that is more than 100 beats per minute.\n\nThere are several different types of tachycardia, including:\n\n- [atrial fibrillation](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/conditions\/atrial-fibrillation\/) – a rapid and uncoordinated heart rate\n- atrial flutter – similar to atrial fibrillation but more organised\n- supraventricular tachycardia – which causes sudden heart palpitations (pounding heartbeat)\n- ventricular fibrillation – when rapid electrical signals result in the lower heart chambers quivering and not pumping blood\n- ventricular tachycardia – a rapid, regular heart rate that stops the ventricles from filling with blood\n\nBradycardia is a slow heartbeat, classed as a resting rate that is less than 60 beats per minute.\n\nThe different types of bradycardia include:\n\n- sick sinus syndrome – when the sinus node that sets the pace of the heart doesn’t work properly, which may cause an alternation between a slow and fast heart rate\n- conduction block – when a blockage of the electrical pathways slows down or stops the signals that trigger heartbeats\n\n## Arrhythmia symptoms\nArrhythmias may not cause any symptoms, or a doctor may identify an irregular heartbeat when you are being examined for something else.\n\nWhen they do occur, initial symptoms of arrhythmias may include heart palpitations. This is when your heartbeat is thumping, racing, fluttering, or feels like it skips a beat.\n\nThe longer the arrhythmia lasts, the more likely that this condition can affect the way the heart works, causing a range of secondary symptoms, including:\n\n- fatigue – a fast heart rate can cause you to be very tired\n- blackouts (syncope) – if your palpitations are caused by a heart condition, your heart rate could drop and cause you to faint\n- dizziness – accompanied by heart palpitations, in some cases dizziness could be a sign of a serious heart condition\n- breathlessness – shortness of breath commonly accompanies heart palpitations\n- chest pain ([angina](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/conditions\/angina\/)) – if you experience chest pain with palpitations, you should seek medical help.\n\nIn extreme cases, certain types of arrhythmia can cause sudden cardiac death. If you feel your heart beating too fast, slowly, fluttering or skipping a beat, you should make an appointment with your doctor. If heart palpitations are accompanied by chest pain, dizziness, fainting or shortness of breath, contact a medical professional immediately.\n\nIf you’re experiencing symptoms of aortic arrhythmia, [book an appointment](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/conditions\/arrhythmia-abnormal-heart-rhythm\/#form) with one of our specialists who can help with a diagnosis.\n\n## What causes arrythmia?\nThe heart’s electrical conduction system controls the rhythm and rate of the heartbeat, sending signals from the top to the bottom of the heart. The signal is a trigger for the heart to contract and pump blood.\n\nFactors which can cause or exacerbate arrhythmia include:\n\n- blocked arteries\n- heart attack\n- changes to the structure of the heart\n- [high blood pressure](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/conditions\/hypertension-high-blood-pressure\/)\n- diabetes\n- certain medications\n- viral infections\n- [sleep apnoea](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/news\/sleep-easy-relief-from-sleep-apnoea\/)\n- overactive or underactive thyroid\n- drug abuse\n- [alcohol](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/news\/alcohol-and-your-heart\/)\n- caffeine\n- smoking\n- genetics\n- anxiety\n- [stress](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/news\/stress-and-your-heart\/)\n\n## Arrhythmia risk factors\nYou are more likely to suffer from arrhythmias if you:\n\n- have a pre-existing heart problem\n- have had heart surgery\n- have high blood pressure\n- have thyroid disease (an overactive or underactive thyroid)\n- have [obstructive sleep apnoea](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/news\/sleep-easy-relief-from-sleep-apnoea\/)\n- have electrolyte imbalance\n- regularly consume a lot of alcohol\n- use a lot of stimulants such as caffeine\n\nIf you feel you may be at an increased risk of aortic arrhythmia, [contact our team to book an appointment](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/conditions\/arrhythmia-abnormal-heart-rhythm\/#form) with one of our specialists.\n\n## Diagnosing arrhythmia\nInitially, your doctor will ask you questions about your symptoms, examine you, and look at your medical history. In order to confirm a diagnosis of arrhythmia you may be referred to a specialist for more tests.\n\nA range of [diagnostic tests for heart conditions](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/investigations\/diagnostic-test-for-heart-conditions\/) are used to diagnose arrhythmia by our experts at Royal Brompton and Harefield hospitals.\n\n### Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) to diagnose arrhythmia\nThe main test used to detect abnormal heart rhythms is an electrocardiogram (ECG). Each beat of the heart is triggered by an electrical impulse generated by cells in the upper right heart chamber. An ECG translates this electrical activity into line tracings on paper.\n\n### Echocardiogram to evaluate heart function in relation to arrhythmia\nAn [echocardiogram](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/investigations\/echocardiogram\/) is a simple and painless test that uses ultrasound waves to build a picture of the heart’s size, structure and function.\n\n### Exercise or stress test to diagnose arrhythmia\nA stress test – or exercise test – is usually carried out on patients when the arrhythmia is thought to be linked to exercise or to assess the heart’s electrical system’s response to exercise. Patients are asked to walk at a gradually increasing pace on a treadmill or ride an exercise bike whilst their heart rate and rhythm are monitored.\n\n### Holter monitor to diagnose arrhythmia\nA holter monitor is a portable ECG device that records your heart’s activity over the day.\n\n### Event recorder to diagnose arrhythmia\nAn event recorder is a wearable ECG device that detects sporadic arrhythmias.\n\n### Implantable loop recorder to diagnose arrhythmia\nAn implantable loop recorder is inserted under the skin of your chest to record the heart’s electrical activity, detecting irregular heart rhythms.\n\n### Tilt test to diagnose arrhythmia\nFor people who have experienced recurrent fainting spells, a tilt test may help to expose slow arrhythmias (bradycardia) which may cause blackouts (syncope).\n\nIf you are looking for a quick diagnosis of aortic arrhythmia by one of our consultants, [get in touch with our helpful customer service team](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/conditions\/arrhythmia-abnormal-heart-rhythm\/#form) who can book an appointment for you.\n\n## Arrhythmia treatment\nIf a significant arrhythmia is detected, our heart rhythm specialists will offer you a treatment plan specifically designed for you. Treatment may include one or a combination of lifestyle changes, medication, cardioversion (which delivers a shock to your heart to reset the heart rhythm), invasive procedures such as ablation for tachycardias, or cardiac devices like pacemakers of defibrillators .\n\nThe treatment for arrhythmia will depend on many factors including the type of arrhythmia and its severity and frequency but perhaps most importantly, the patients choice when fully informed about all options.\n\n### Arrhythmia medication\nMedications such as beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers and specific drugs can be used to slow down or manage a fast arrhythmias , whilst a range of medications can be used to restore a normal heart rhythm. Blood thinning medications may also be used in specific arrhythmias to reduce the risk of blood clot and stroke.\n\n### Medical procedures to treat arrhythmia\nA range of non-surgical medical procedures can be offered to help control arrhythmias. These include catheter ablation, which carefully and accurately eliminates the part of the heart causing the arrhythmia. This treatment is specifically for fast arrhythmias.\n\nPatients who suffer slow arrhythmias may have pacemaker may be fitted. Patients who suffer life threatening arrhythmias may be offered a implantable defibrillator (ICD). Both of these devices are inserted under the skin in the chest and use electrical impulses to pace or shock the heart, which in turn helps to restore a normal heartbeat.\n\nIf you would like to speak to one of our consultants about treatment options for aortic valve disease, please [contact our team to book an appointment](https:\/\/guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk\/conditions\/arrhythmia-abnormal-heart-rhythm\/#form).\n\n### Contact us\nCall us on **[\\+44 (0)203 9934 388](tel:+442039934388)** to book your appointment today.\n\nAlternatively, fill in our online enquiry form below and we will get back to you as soon as we can.","meta_canonical":null}

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Meta Title	Arrhythmia (abnormal heart rhythm)
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Boilerpipe Text	What is arrhythmia? Arrhythmia is an abnormal heart rhythm which occurs when the heart’s normal rhythm is disrupted. The heart may beat too slowly, too quickly or irregularly. Disturbed heart rhythms can restrict blood being pumped around the body, which may cause harm to the brain, heart and other organs. A range of  diagnostic tests for heart conditions are used to diagnose arrhythmia. After diagnosis, they’ll design a treatment plan specifically for you, which will consider both lifestyle changes and medical treatment options. Over two million people in the UK experience arrhythmias. If you believe you’re experiencing arrhythmia, our cardiology specialists at Wimpole Street , Harefield , and Royal Brompton hospitals can help. You’ll be in the safest hands, as we’ve been awarded as a ‘Centre of Excellence’ by the Arrythmia Alliance for our work in this field. Experts in aortic arrhythmia Our world-leading cardiology experts can offer: fast, accurate diagnosis with advanced imaging short notice appointments in as little as 24 hours innovative care and minimally invasive treatment Types of arrhythmia Most arrhythmias are harmless. Sometimes it’s normal for you to have a fast heart rate (e.g. when exercising) or a slow heart rate (e.g. when sleeping). However, some arrhythmias can be serious or potentially fatal. There are two different types of arrhythmias, grouped by heart rate speed: tachycardia bradycardia Tachycardia is a fast heart, classed as a resting heart rate that is more than 100 beats per minute. There are several different types of tachycardia, including: atrial fibrillation – a rapid and uncoordinated heart rate atrial flutter – similar to atrial fibrillation but more organised supraventricular tachycardia – which causes sudden heart palpitations (pounding heartbeat) ventricular fibrillation – when rapid electrical signals result in the lower heart chambers quivering and not pumping blood ventricular tachycardia – a rapid, regular heart rate that stops the ventricles from filling with blood Bradycardia is a slow heartbeat, classed as a resting rate that is less than 60 beats per minute. The different types of bradycardia include: sick sinus syndrome – when the sinus node that sets the pace of the heart doesn’t work properly, which may cause an alternation between a slow and fast heart rate conduction block – when a blockage of the electrical pathways slows down or stops the signals that trigger heartbeats Arrhythmia symptoms Arrhythmias may not cause any symptoms, or a doctor may identify an irregular heartbeat when you are being examined for something else. When they do occur, initial symptoms of arrhythmias may include heart palpitations. This is when your heartbeat is thumping, racing, fluttering, or feels like it skips a beat. The longer the arrhythmia lasts, the more likely that this condition can affect the way the heart works, causing a range of secondary symptoms, including: fatigue – a fast heart rate can cause you to be very tired blackouts (syncope) – if your palpitations are caused by a heart condition, your heart rate could drop and cause you to faint dizziness – accompanied by heart palpitations, in some cases dizziness could be a sign of a serious heart condition breathlessness – shortness of breath commonly accompanies heart palpitations chest pain ( angina ) – if you experience chest pain with palpitations, you should seek medical help. In extreme cases, certain types of arrhythmia can cause sudden cardiac death. If you feel your heart beating too fast, slowly, fluttering or skipping a beat, you should make an appointment with your doctor. If heart palpitations are accompanied by chest pain, dizziness, fainting or shortness of breath, contact a medical professional immediately. If you’re experiencing symptoms of aortic arrhythmia, book an appointment with one of our specialists who can help with a diagnosis. What causes arrythmia? The heart’s electrical conduction system controls the rhythm and rate of the heartbeat, sending signals from the top to the bottom of the heart. The signal is a trigger for the heart to contract and pump blood. Factors which can cause or exacerbate arrhythmia include: blocked arteries heart attack changes to the structure of the heart high blood pressure diabetes certain medications viral infections sleep apnoea overactive or underactive thyroid drug abuse alcohol caffeine smoking genetics anxiety stress Arrhythmia risk factors You are more likely to suffer from arrhythmias if you: have a pre-existing heart problem have had heart surgery have high blood pressure have thyroid disease (an overactive or underactive thyroid) have obstructive sleep apnoea have electrolyte imbalance regularly consume a lot of alcohol use a lot of stimulants such as caffeine If you feel you may be at an increased risk of aortic arrhythmia, contact our team to book an appointment with one of our specialists. Diagnosing arrhythmia Initially, your doctor will ask you questions about your symptoms, examine you, and look at your medical history. In order to confirm a diagnosis of arrhythmia you may be referred to a specialist for more tests. A range of  diagnostic tests for heart conditions are used to diagnose arrhythmia by our experts at Royal Brompton and Harefield hospitals. Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) to diagnose arrhythmia The main test used to detect abnormal heart rhythms is an electrocardiogram (ECG). Each beat of the heart is triggered by an electrical impulse generated by cells in the upper right heart chamber. An ECG translates this electrical activity into line tracings on paper. Echocardiogram to evaluate heart function in relation to arrhythmia An echocardiogram is a simple and painless test that uses ultrasound waves to build a picture of the heart’s size, structure and function. Exercise or stress test to diagnose arrhythmia A stress test – or exercise test – is usually carried out on patients when the arrhythmia is thought to be linked to exercise or to assess the heart’s electrical system’s response to exercise. Patients are asked to walk at a gradually increasing pace on a treadmill or ride an exercise bike whilst their heart rate and rhythm are monitored. Holter monitor to diagnose arrhythmia A holter monitor is a portable ECG device that records your heart’s activity over the day. Event recorder to diagnose arrhythmia An event recorder is a wearable ECG device that detects sporadic arrhythmias. Implantable loop recorder to diagnose arrhythmia An implantable loop recorder is inserted under the skin of your chest to record the heart’s electrical activity, detecting irregular heart rhythms. Tilt test to diagnose arrhythmia For people who have experienced recurrent fainting spells, a tilt test may help to expose slow arrhythmias (bradycardia) which may cause blackouts (syncope). If you are looking for a quick diagnosis of aortic arrhythmia by one of our consultants, get in touch with our helpful customer service team who can book an appointment for you. Arrhythmia treatment If a significant arrhythmia is detected, our heart rhythm specialists will offer you a treatment plan specifically designed for you. Treatment may include one or a combination of lifestyle changes, medication, cardioversion (which delivers a shock to your heart to reset the heart rhythm), invasive procedures such as ablation for tachycardias, or cardiac devices like pacemakers of defibrillators . The treatment for arrhythmia will depend on many factors including the type of arrhythmia and its severity and frequency but perhaps most importantly, the patients choice when fully informed about all options. Arrhythmia medication Medications such as beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers and specific drugs can be used to slow down or manage a fast arrhythmias , whilst a range of medications can be used to restore a normal heart rhythm. Blood thinning medications may also be used in specific arrhythmias to reduce the risk of blood clot and stroke. Medical procedures to treat arrhythmia A range of non-surgical medical procedures can be offered to help control arrhythmias. These include catheter ablation, which carefully and accurately eliminates the part of the heart causing the arrhythmia. This treatment is specifically for fast arrhythmias. Patients who suffer slow arrhythmias may have pacemaker may be fitted. Patients who suffer life threatening arrhythmias may be offered a implantable defibrillator (ICD). Both of these devices are inserted under the skin in the chest and use electrical impulses to pace or shock the heart, which in turn helps to restore a normal heartbeat. If you would like to speak to one of our consultants about treatment options for aortic valve disease, please contact our team to book an appointment . Contact us Call us on +44 (0)203 9934 388 to book your appointment today. Alternatively, fill in our online enquiry form below and we will get back to you as soon as we can. 1 Getting started 2 Patient details 3 Parent/ Guardian details 4 Your child's details 5 Clinical information 6 Funding details 7 Your children's services enquiry 3 Enquiry details Company This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. Enquiry type * Select Service required * Select Who is the enquiry for? * Select
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[Overview](https://guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk/conditions/arrhythmia-abnormal-heart-rhythm/#overview) 2. [Symptoms and causes](https://guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk/conditions/arrhythmia-abnormal-heart-rhythm/#symptoms) 3. [Diagnosis and treatment](https://guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk/conditions/arrhythmia-abnormal-heart-rhythm/#diagnosis) 4. [Locations](https://guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk/conditions/arrhythmia-abnormal-heart-rhythm/#locations) 5. [Specialists](https://guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk/conditions/arrhythmia-abnormal-heart-rhythm/#specialists) [Contact us](https://guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk/conditions/arrhythmia-abnormal-heart-rhythm/#form) ## What is arrhythmia? Arrhythmia is an abnormal heart rhythm which occurs when the heart’s normal rhythm is disrupted. The heart may beat too slowly, too quickly or irregularly. Disturbed heart rhythms can restrict blood being pumped around the body, which may cause harm to the brain, heart and other organs. A range of [diagnostic tests for heart conditions](https://guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk/investigations/diagnostic-test-for-heart-conditions/) are used to diagnose arrhythmia. After diagnosis, they’ll design a treatment plan specifically for you, which will consider both lifestyle changes and medical treatment options. Over two million people in the UK experience arrhythmias. If you believe you’re experiencing arrhythmia, our [cardiology specialists](https://guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk/services/cardiology/) at [Wimpole Street](https://guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk/locations/wimpole-street-consulting-rooms-and-diagnostic-centre/), [Harefield](https://guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk/locations/harefield-hospital/), and [Royal Brompton](https://guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk/locations/royal-brompton-hospital/) hospitals can help. You’ll be in the safest hands, as we’ve been awarded as a ‘Centre of Excellence’ by the [Arrythmia Alliance](https://heartrhythmalliance.org/aa/uk/) for our work in this field. ## Experts in aortic arrhythmia Our world-leading cardiology experts can offer: - fast, accurate diagnosis with advanced imaging - short notice appointments in as little as 24 hours - innovative care and minimally invasive treatment [Book an appointment](https://guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk/conditions/arrhythmia-abnormal-heart-rhythm/#form) ![Caring middle-aged woman hugging her senior grey-haired mother](https://guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/RS4387_AdobeStock_545595066-scaled-1000x0-c-default.jpeg) ## Types of arrhythmia Most arrhythmias are harmless. Sometimes it’s normal for you to have a fast heart rate (e.g. when exercising) or a slow heart rate (e.g. when sleeping). However, some arrhythmias can be serious or potentially fatal. There are two different types of arrhythmias, grouped by heart rate speed: - tachycardia - bradycardia Tachycardia is a fast heart, classed as a resting heart rate that is more than 100 beats per minute. There are several different types of tachycardia, including: - [atrial fibrillation](https://guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk/conditions/atrial-fibrillation/) – a rapid and uncoordinated heart rate - atrial flutter – similar to atrial fibrillation but more organised - supraventricular tachycardia – which causes sudden heart palpitations (pounding heartbeat) - ventricular fibrillation – when rapid electrical signals result in the lower heart chambers quivering and not pumping blood - ventricular tachycardia – a rapid, regular heart rate that stops the ventricles from filling with blood Bradycardia is a slow heartbeat, classed as a resting rate that is less than 60 beats per minute. The different types of bradycardia include: - sick sinus syndrome – when the sinus node that sets the pace of the heart doesn’t work properly, which may cause an alternation between a slow and fast heart rate - conduction block – when a blockage of the electrical pathways slows down or stops the signals that trigger heartbeats * ## Arrhythmia symptoms Arrhythmias may not cause any symptoms, or a doctor may identify an irregular heartbeat when you are being examined for something else. When they do occur, initial symptoms of arrhythmias may include heart palpitations. This is when your heartbeat is thumping, racing, fluttering, or feels like it skips a beat. The longer the arrhythmia lasts, the more likely that this condition can affect the way the heart works, causing a range of secondary symptoms, including: - fatigue – a fast heart rate can cause you to be very tired - blackouts (syncope) – if your palpitations are caused by a heart condition, your heart rate could drop and cause you to faint - dizziness – accompanied by heart palpitations, in some cases dizziness could be a sign of a serious heart condition - breathlessness – shortness of breath commonly accompanies heart palpitations - chest pain ([angina](https://guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk/conditions/angina/)) – if you experience chest pain with palpitations, you should seek medical help. In extreme cases, certain types of arrhythmia can cause sudden cardiac death. If you feel your heart beating too fast, slowly, fluttering or skipping a beat, you should make an appointment with your doctor. If heart palpitations are accompanied by chest pain, dizziness, fainting or shortness of breath, contact a medical professional immediately. If you’re experiencing symptoms of aortic arrhythmia, [book an appointment](https://guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk/conditions/arrhythmia-abnormal-heart-rhythm/#form) with one of our specialists who can help with a diagnosis. ## What causes arrythmia? The heart’s electrical conduction system controls the rhythm and rate of the heartbeat, sending signals from the top to the bottom of the heart. The signal is a trigger for the heart to contract and pump blood. Factors which can cause or exacerbate arrhythmia include: - blocked arteries - heart attack - changes to the structure of the heart - [high blood pressure](https://guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk/conditions/hypertension-high-blood-pressure/) - diabetes - certain medications - viral infections - [sleep apnoea](https://guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk/news/sleep-easy-relief-from-sleep-apnoea/) - overactive or underactive thyroid - drug abuse - [alcohol](https://guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk/news/alcohol-and-your-heart/) - caffeine - smoking - genetics - anxiety - [stress](https://guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk/news/stress-and-your-heart/) ## Arrhythmia risk factors You are more likely to suffer from arrhythmias if you: - have a pre-existing heart problem - have had heart surgery - have high blood pressure - have thyroid disease (an overactive or underactive thyroid) - have [obstructive sleep apnoea](https://guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk/news/sleep-easy-relief-from-sleep-apnoea/) - have electrolyte imbalance - regularly consume a lot of alcohol - use a lot of stimulants such as caffeine If you feel you may be at an increased risk of aortic arrhythmia, [contact our team to book an appointment](https://guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk/conditions/arrhythmia-abnormal-heart-rhythm/#form) with one of our specialists. * ## Diagnosing arrhythmia Initially, your doctor will ask you questions about your symptoms, examine you, and look at your medical history. In order to confirm a diagnosis of arrhythmia you may be referred to a specialist for more tests. A range of [diagnostic tests for heart conditions](https://guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk/investigations/diagnostic-test-for-heart-conditions/) are used to diagnose arrhythmia by our experts at Royal Brompton and Harefield hospitals. ### Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) to diagnose arrhythmia The main test used to detect abnormal heart rhythms is an electrocardiogram (ECG). Each beat of the heart is triggered by an electrical impulse generated by cells in the upper right heart chamber. An ECG translates this electrical activity into line tracings on paper. ### Echocardiogram to evaluate heart function in relation to arrhythmia An [echocardiogram](https://guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk/investigations/echocardiogram/) is a simple and painless test that uses ultrasound waves to build a picture of the heart’s size, structure and function. ### Exercise or stress test to diagnose arrhythmia A stress test – or exercise test – is usually carried out on patients when the arrhythmia is thought to be linked to exercise or to assess the heart’s electrical system’s response to exercise. Patients are asked to walk at a gradually increasing pace on a treadmill or ride an exercise bike whilst their heart rate and rhythm are monitored. ### Holter monitor to diagnose arrhythmia A holter monitor is a portable ECG device that records your heart’s activity over the day. ### Event recorder to diagnose arrhythmia An event recorder is a wearable ECG device that detects sporadic arrhythmias. ### Implantable loop recorder to diagnose arrhythmia An implantable loop recorder is inserted under the skin of your chest to record the heart’s electrical activity, detecting irregular heart rhythms. ### Tilt test to diagnose arrhythmia For people who have experienced recurrent fainting spells, a tilt test may help to expose slow arrhythmias (bradycardia) which may cause blackouts (syncope). If you are looking for a quick diagnosis of aortic arrhythmia by one of our consultants, [get in touch with our helpful customer service team](https://guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk/conditions/arrhythmia-abnormal-heart-rhythm/#form) who can book an appointment for you. ## Arrhythmia treatment If a significant arrhythmia is detected, our heart rhythm specialists will offer you a treatment plan specifically designed for you. Treatment may include one or a combination of lifestyle changes, medication, cardioversion (which delivers a shock to your heart to reset the heart rhythm), invasive procedures such as ablation for tachycardias, or cardiac devices like pacemakers of defibrillators . The treatment for arrhythmia will depend on many factors including the type of arrhythmia and its severity and frequency but perhaps most importantly, the patients choice when fully informed about all options. ### Arrhythmia medication Medications such as beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers and specific drugs can be used to slow down or manage a fast arrhythmias , whilst a range of medications can be used to restore a normal heart rhythm. Blood thinning medications may also be used in specific arrhythmias to reduce the risk of blood clot and stroke. ### Medical procedures to treat arrhythmia A range of non-surgical medical procedures can be offered to help control arrhythmias. These include catheter ablation, which carefully and accurately eliminates the part of the heart causing the arrhythmia. This treatment is specifically for fast arrhythmias. Patients who suffer slow arrhythmias may have pacemaker may be fitted. Patients who suffer life threatening arrhythmias may be offered a implantable defibrillator (ICD). Both of these devices are inserted under the skin in the chest and use electrical impulses to pace or shock the heart, which in turn helps to restore a normal heartbeat. If you would like to speak to one of our consultants about treatment options for aortic valve disease, please [contact our team to book an appointment](https://guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk/conditions/arrhythmia-abnormal-heart-rhythm/#form). ## Locations Our specialists can treat arrhythmias at the following locations: [Royal Brompton Hospital Royal Brompton Hospital is at the forefront of advancing heart and lung care, including developing new minimally invasive heart procedures and lung cancer treatments Find out more](https://guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk/locations/royal-brompton-hospital/) [Harefield Hospital Harefield Hospital is a leading centre for complex heart and lung care, including double heart-lung transplants and the implantation of ‘artificial hearts’ Find out more](https://guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk/locations/harefield-hospital/) [Wimpole Street Consulting Rooms and Diagnostic Centre Our state-of-the-art outpatient and diagnostics centre brings experts from across our hospitals to one convenient central London location Find out more](https://guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk/locations/wimpole-street-consulting-rooms-and-diagnostic-centre/) ## Discover our arrhythmia experts Introducing our team of specialists with expertise in arrhythmia. Whether it’s safeguarding heart health or implementing advanced interventions, our specialists are dedicated to delivering personalised care tailored just for you. [Explore arrhythmia specialists](https://guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk/specialists/?adult_children=586&loc=&language=&speciality=95) ### Contact us Call us on [\+44 (0)203 9934 388](tel:+442039934388) to book your appointment today. Alternatively, fill in our online enquiry form below and we will get back to you as soon as we can. 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Readable Markdown	## What is arrhythmia? Arrhythmia is an abnormal heart rhythm which occurs when the heart’s normal rhythm is disrupted. The heart may beat too slowly, too quickly or irregularly. Disturbed heart rhythms can restrict blood being pumped around the body, which may cause harm to the brain, heart and other organs. A range of [diagnostic tests for heart conditions](https://guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk/investigations/diagnostic-test-for-heart-conditions/) are used to diagnose arrhythmia. After diagnosis, they’ll design a treatment plan specifically for you, which will consider both lifestyle changes and medical treatment options. Over two million people in the UK experience arrhythmias. If you believe you’re experiencing arrhythmia, our [cardiology specialists](https://guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk/services/cardiology/) at [Wimpole Street](https://guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk/locations/wimpole-street-consulting-rooms-and-diagnostic-centre/), [Harefield](https://guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk/locations/harefield-hospital/), and [Royal Brompton](https://guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk/locations/royal-brompton-hospital/) hospitals can help. You’ll be in the safest hands, as we’ve been awarded as a ‘Centre of Excellence’ by the [Arrythmia Alliance](https://heartrhythmalliance.org/aa/uk/) for our work in this field. ## Experts in aortic arrhythmia Our world-leading cardiology experts can offer: - fast, accurate diagnosis with advanced imaging - short notice appointments in as little as 24 hours - innovative care and minimally invasive treatment ## Types of arrhythmia Most arrhythmias are harmless. Sometimes it’s normal for you to have a fast heart rate (e.g. when exercising) or a slow heart rate (e.g. when sleeping). However, some arrhythmias can be serious or potentially fatal. There are two different types of arrhythmias, grouped by heart rate speed: - tachycardia - bradycardia Tachycardia is a fast heart, classed as a resting heart rate that is more than 100 beats per minute. There are several different types of tachycardia, including: - [atrial fibrillation](https://guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk/conditions/atrial-fibrillation/) – a rapid and uncoordinated heart rate - atrial flutter – similar to atrial fibrillation but more organised - supraventricular tachycardia – which causes sudden heart palpitations (pounding heartbeat) - ventricular fibrillation – when rapid electrical signals result in the lower heart chambers quivering and not pumping blood - ventricular tachycardia – a rapid, regular heart rate that stops the ventricles from filling with blood Bradycardia is a slow heartbeat, classed as a resting rate that is less than 60 beats per minute. The different types of bradycardia include: - sick sinus syndrome – when the sinus node that sets the pace of the heart doesn’t work properly, which may cause an alternation between a slow and fast heart rate - conduction block – when a blockage of the electrical pathways slows down or stops the signals that trigger heartbeats ## Arrhythmia symptoms Arrhythmias may not cause any symptoms, or a doctor may identify an irregular heartbeat when you are being examined for something else. When they do occur, initial symptoms of arrhythmias may include heart palpitations. This is when your heartbeat is thumping, racing, fluttering, or feels like it skips a beat. The longer the arrhythmia lasts, the more likely that this condition can affect the way the heart works, causing a range of secondary symptoms, including: - fatigue – a fast heart rate can cause you to be very tired - blackouts (syncope) – if your palpitations are caused by a heart condition, your heart rate could drop and cause you to faint - dizziness – accompanied by heart palpitations, in some cases dizziness could be a sign of a serious heart condition - breathlessness – shortness of breath commonly accompanies heart palpitations - chest pain ([angina](https://guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk/conditions/angina/)) – if you experience chest pain with palpitations, you should seek medical help. In extreme cases, certain types of arrhythmia can cause sudden cardiac death. If you feel your heart beating too fast, slowly, fluttering or skipping a beat, you should make an appointment with your doctor. If heart palpitations are accompanied by chest pain, dizziness, fainting or shortness of breath, contact a medical professional immediately. If you’re experiencing symptoms of aortic arrhythmia, [book an appointment](https://guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk/conditions/arrhythmia-abnormal-heart-rhythm/#form) with one of our specialists who can help with a diagnosis. ## What causes arrythmia? The heart’s electrical conduction system controls the rhythm and rate of the heartbeat, sending signals from the top to the bottom of the heart. The signal is a trigger for the heart to contract and pump blood. Factors which can cause or exacerbate arrhythmia include: - blocked arteries - heart attack - changes to the structure of the heart - [high blood pressure](https://guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk/conditions/hypertension-high-blood-pressure/) - diabetes - certain medications - viral infections - [sleep apnoea](https://guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk/news/sleep-easy-relief-from-sleep-apnoea/) - overactive or underactive thyroid - drug abuse - [alcohol](https://guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk/news/alcohol-and-your-heart/) - caffeine - smoking - genetics - anxiety - [stress](https://guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk/news/stress-and-your-heart/) ## Arrhythmia risk factors You are more likely to suffer from arrhythmias if you: - have a pre-existing heart problem - have had heart surgery - have high blood pressure - have thyroid disease (an overactive or underactive thyroid) - have [obstructive sleep apnoea](https://guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk/news/sleep-easy-relief-from-sleep-apnoea/) - have electrolyte imbalance - regularly consume a lot of alcohol - use a lot of stimulants such as caffeine If you feel you may be at an increased risk of aortic arrhythmia, [contact our team to book an appointment](https://guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk/conditions/arrhythmia-abnormal-heart-rhythm/#form) with one of our specialists. ## Diagnosing arrhythmia Initially, your doctor will ask you questions about your symptoms, examine you, and look at your medical history. In order to confirm a diagnosis of arrhythmia you may be referred to a specialist for more tests. A range of [diagnostic tests for heart conditions](https://guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk/investigations/diagnostic-test-for-heart-conditions/) are used to diagnose arrhythmia by our experts at Royal Brompton and Harefield hospitals. ### Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) to diagnose arrhythmia The main test used to detect abnormal heart rhythms is an electrocardiogram (ECG). Each beat of the heart is triggered by an electrical impulse generated by cells in the upper right heart chamber. An ECG translates this electrical activity into line tracings on paper. ### Echocardiogram to evaluate heart function in relation to arrhythmia An [echocardiogram](https://guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk/investigations/echocardiogram/) is a simple and painless test that uses ultrasound waves to build a picture of the heart’s size, structure and function. ### Exercise or stress test to diagnose arrhythmia A stress test – or exercise test – is usually carried out on patients when the arrhythmia is thought to be linked to exercise or to assess the heart’s electrical system’s response to exercise. Patients are asked to walk at a gradually increasing pace on a treadmill or ride an exercise bike whilst their heart rate and rhythm are monitored. ### Holter monitor to diagnose arrhythmia A holter monitor is a portable ECG device that records your heart’s activity over the day. ### Event recorder to diagnose arrhythmia An event recorder is a wearable ECG device that detects sporadic arrhythmias. ### Implantable loop recorder to diagnose arrhythmia An implantable loop recorder is inserted under the skin of your chest to record the heart’s electrical activity, detecting irregular heart rhythms. ### Tilt test to diagnose arrhythmia For people who have experienced recurrent fainting spells, a tilt test may help to expose slow arrhythmias (bradycardia) which may cause blackouts (syncope). If you are looking for a quick diagnosis of aortic arrhythmia by one of our consultants, [get in touch with our helpful customer service team](https://guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk/conditions/arrhythmia-abnormal-heart-rhythm/#form) who can book an appointment for you. ## Arrhythmia treatment If a significant arrhythmia is detected, our heart rhythm specialists will offer you a treatment plan specifically designed for you. Treatment may include one or a combination of lifestyle changes, medication, cardioversion (which delivers a shock to your heart to reset the heart rhythm), invasive procedures such as ablation for tachycardias, or cardiac devices like pacemakers of defibrillators . The treatment for arrhythmia will depend on many factors including the type of arrhythmia and its severity and frequency but perhaps most importantly, the patients choice when fully informed about all options. ### Arrhythmia medication Medications such as beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers and specific drugs can be used to slow down or manage a fast arrhythmias , whilst a range of medications can be used to restore a normal heart rhythm. Blood thinning medications may also be used in specific arrhythmias to reduce the risk of blood clot and stroke. ### Medical procedures to treat arrhythmia A range of non-surgical medical procedures can be offered to help control arrhythmias. These include catheter ablation, which carefully and accurately eliminates the part of the heart causing the arrhythmia. This treatment is specifically for fast arrhythmias. Patients who suffer slow arrhythmias may have pacemaker may be fitted. Patients who suffer life threatening arrhythmias may be offered a implantable defibrillator (ICD). Both of these devices are inserted under the skin in the chest and use electrical impulses to pace or shock the heart, which in turn helps to restore a normal heartbeat. If you would like to speak to one of our consultants about treatment options for aortic valve disease, please [contact our team to book an appointment](https://guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk/conditions/arrhythmia-abnormal-heart-rhythm/#form). ### Contact us Call us on [\+44 (0)203 9934 388](tel:+442039934388) to book your appointment today. Alternatively, fill in our online enquiry form below and we will get back to you as soon as we can.
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